diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3856')
198 files changed, 2727 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02d659e31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Calculate the Equilibrium constant for the reaction Sn(s)+2Ag(one positive)(aq)=Sn(double positive)(aq)+2Ag(s). And also predict whether the given reaction would occur spontaneously under standard-state condition
+
+//Example 10.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Ecathode=0.800; //Standard Electrode Potential for Ag in V
+
+Eanode=-0.138; //Standard Electrode Potential for Sn in V
+
+E=Ecathode-Eanode; //Standard Electrode Potential for Electrochemical cell (positive quantity of E shows the reaction is spontaneous under standard-state condition)
+
+F=96500; //Faraday costant in C mol^-1
+
+v=2; //Stoichiometric coefficient (two electron are transferred in reaction)
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=25+273; //Temperature in K
+
+K=exp((v*E*F)/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant
+
+printf("Equilibrium constant = %.1f*10^31",K*10^-31);
+
+delrG=(-v*F*E)/1000; //Gibbs Energy in kJ mol^-1 (large negative value of delrG indicate that the reaction is spontaneous under standard state condition)
+
+printf("\n Spontaneity of the reactin = %.0f kJ mol^-1",delrG);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt b/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2c21bf35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Equilibrium constant = 5.4*10^31
+ Spontaneity of the reactin = -181 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..946965632 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the Standard Reduction Potential for the Half reaction Fe(three positive)(aq)+3 electron =Fe(s).
+
+//Example 10.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+v1=2; //Number of electron in first reaction
+
+v2=1; //Number of electron in second reaction
+
+v3=3; //Number of electron in third reaction
+
+E1=-0.447; //Standard Reduction Potential for first reaction in V
+
+E2=0.771; //Standard Reduction Potential for second reaction in V
+
+E3=(v1*E1+v2*E2)/v3; //Standard Reduction Potential for first reaction in V (delrG3=delrG1+delrG2)
+
+printf("Standard Reduction Potential = %.3f V",E3);
diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt b/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7aa7387b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Reduction Potential = -0.041 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82a15a3df --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Predict whether the following reaction would proceed spontaneously as written ( Cd(s)+Fe++(aq)=Cd++(aq)+Fe(s)
+
+//Example 10.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+C1=0.15; //Concentration of Cadmium ion in M
+
+C2=0.68; //Concentration of Ferrus ion in M
+
+E1=-0.447; //Standard Electrode potential for cathode in V
+
+E2=-0.403; //Standard Electrode potential for anode in V
+
+Edes=E1-E2; //Standard Electrode potential in V
+
+v=2; //Stoichiometric coefficient
+
+E=Edes-(0.0257/v)*log(C1/C2); //Standard Electrode potential from Nerst equation in V
+
+printf("Standard Electrode potential from = %.3f V is negative the reaction is not spontaneous as written",E);
diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt b/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0db03dcc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Electrode potential from = -0.025 V is negative the reaction is not spontaneous as written
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8049c60bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Calculate the Equilibrium Constant for the reaction and the emf of the cell
+
+//Example 10.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+E1=1.72; //Standard Reduction Pontential for cathode in V
+
+E2=0.771; //Standard Reduction Pontential for anode in V
+
+Edes=E1-E2; //Standard Electrode Pontential for Electrochemical cell in V
+
+F=96500; //Faraday's constant in C mol^-1
+
+v=1; //Stoichiometric coefficient
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+K=exp((Edes*F*v)/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant
+
+printf("(a)Equilibrium constant = %.1f*10^16",K*10^-16);
+
+C1=50.0*0.10/1000; //Number of moles of Fe ion initially present in mol
+
+C2=10.0*0.10/1000; //Number of moles of Ce ion initially present in mol
+
+V=0.060; //Total volume of the solution in L
+
+x=2.3*10^-20; //Number of moles Ce at equilibrium in mol
+
+C3=(C2-x)/V; //Number of moles of Ce plus 3 ion at equilibrium in mol
+
+C4=(C2-x)/V; //Number of moles of Ferric ion at equilibrium in mol
+
+C5=(C1-(C2-x))/V; //Number of moles of Ferrous 2 ion at equilibrium in mol
+
+C6=x/V; //Number of moles of Ce plus 4 ion at equilibrium in mol
+
+K1=(C3*C4)/(C6*C5); //Equilibrium constant
+
+Edes1=0.771; //Standard Electrode Pontential for Electrochemical cell in V
+
+E=Edes1+0.0257*log(C4/C5); //emf of the cell in V
+
+printf("\n(b)emf of the cell = %.2f V",E);
diff --git a/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt b/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba1d98ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a0Equilibrium constant = 1.1*10^16
+(b)emf of the cell = 0.74 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d71045216 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the concentration of the undissociated acid ,the H positive ion and the CN negative ion .And the percent dissociation
+
+//Example 11.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Ka=4.9*10^-10; //Dissociatin constant of weak acid HCN at 298 K
+
+x1=0.050; //Concentration of HCN in M ,(HCN is a aweak acid assuming that at equilibrium the undissociated molecule of HCN is also same )
+
+x=(Ka*x1)^(1/2); //Concentration of H ion and CN ion at equilibrium in M (cocentration of both ion is equal)
+
+printf("Concentration of ion = %.0f*10^-6 M",x*10^6);
+
+x2=x1-x; //Concentration of undissociated acid at equilibrium in M
+
+printf("\n Concentration of undissociated acid at equilibrium = %.3f M",x2)
+
+X=(x/x1)*100; //Percent dissociation of HCN
+
+printf("\nPercent dissociation = %.0f*10^-2 percent ",X*10^2);
diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt b/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b95ee2acf --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Concentration of ion = 5*10^-6 M
+ Concentration of undissociated acid at equilibrium = 0.050 M
+Percent dissociation = 1*10^-2 percant
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..006c85cfe --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Monitoring the Titration
+
+//Example 11.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Kin=4*10^-10;//Equilibrium Constant
+
+pKin=-log10(Kin);//Negative Logarithm of Kin
+
+phl=pKin-1;//Lower Value of pH
+
+phu=pKin+1;//Upper Value of pH
+
+printf("Phenophthalein can be used as an indicator as it begins to change color from acid(colourless) at pH %f",phl);
+
+printf("\nto base form (reddish pink)at pH %f",phu)
diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt b/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eef5c5fde --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Phenophthalein can be used as an indicator as it begins to change color from acid(colourless) at pH 8.397940
+to base form (reddish pink)at pH 10.397940
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9ada49ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//To Find the Concentrations of all the species in the reaction
+
+//Example 11.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Ka=4.2*10^-7;//Acid Dissociation Constant for Carbonic Acid
+
+Sol=1.1*10^-5;//Solubility of CO2 in equilibrium with water
+
+a1=1;b1=Ka;c1=-Ka*Sol;//Coefficients a,b and c of the quadratic equation to find the concentration of H+
+
+d1=(b1^2-(4*a1*c1));//Discriminant of the Quadratic Equation
+
+x=(-b1+sqrt(d1))/(2*a1);//Concentration of H+
+
+Ka2=4.8*10^-11;//Second Dissociation Constant for H2CO3
+
+y=Ka2;//Concentration of CO3 2- ions
+
+Kw=1*10^-14;//Disscociation Constant of Water
+
+z=Kw/x;//Concentration of OH- ions (The answer vary due to round off error)
+
+printf("At Equilibrium the concentrations are as follows:");
+
+printf("\n [H+]=%.1f*10^-6 M",x*10^6);
+
+printf("\n [OH-]=%.1f*10^-9 M",z*10^9);
+
+printf("\n [H2CO3]=%.1f*10^-5 M",Sol*10^5);
+
+printf("\n [HCO3-]=%.1f*10^-6 M",x*10^6);
+
+printf("\n [CO3 2-]=%.1f*10^-11 M",y*10^11);
diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt b/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..885d843fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + At Equilibrium the concentrations are as follows:
+ [H+]=1.9*10^-6 M
+ [OH-]=5.1*10^-9 M
+ [H2CO3]=1.1*10^-5 M
+ [HCO3-]=1.9*10^-6 M
+ [CO3 2-]=4.8*10^-11 M
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ac54d7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the pH of of a buffer solution what is pH of the buffer solution after the addition of HCl
+
+//Example 11.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+C1=0.40; //Concentration of Acetic acid in M
+
+C2=0.55; //Concentration of Sodium Acetate in M
+
+pH1=4.76+log10(C2/C1); //pH of the Buffer solution before addition of HCl
+
+printf("pH of the Buffer solution = %.2f",pH1);
+
+C3=0.10; //Concentration of HCl in M
+
+pH=4.76+log10((C2-C3)/(C1+C3)); // pH of the Buffer solution after addition of HCl
+
+printf("\n pH of the Buffer solution after addition of HCl = %.2f",pH);
diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt b/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ea319742 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + pH of the Buffer solution = 4.90
+ pH of the Buffer solution after addition of HCl = 4.71
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..150d241e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Describe how you would prepare a phosphate buffer with a pH of seven point four
+
+//Example 11.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Ka1=7.5*10^-3; //Equilibrium consatnt for H3PO4= H+ +H2PO4-
+
+pKa1=-log10(Ka1); //minus logerithm of Ka1
+
+Ka2=6.2*10^-8; //Equilibrium consatnt for H2PO4-= H+ +HPO4--
+
+pKa2=-log10(Ka2); //minus logerithm of Ka2
+
+Ka3=4.8*10^-13; //Equilibrium consatnt for HPO4-- = H+ +PO3---
+
+pKa3=-log10(Ka3); //minus logerithm of Ka3
+
+pH=7.40; //pH of the required buffer solution
+
+C1=10^(pH-pKa2); //Concentratin of required solution to prepare buffer solution of pH of 7.40
+
+C=C1/1.0; //Ratio of the required solution to prepare buffer solution of pH of 7.40
+
+printf("Ratio of the required solution = %.2f The buffer is dissolve to disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mole ratio of 1.5:1.0 ",C);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt b/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c26d903e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Ratio of the required solution = 1.56 The buffer is dissolve to disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mole ratio of 1.5:1.0
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.jpg b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..46f1e7fb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.jpg diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f28db5d02 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//To Calculate the rate Constant for the Reaction
+
+//Example 12.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+t=[0,2000,4000,6000,8000,10000,12000];//Time in seconds
+
+A=[1.5,1.26,1.07,0.92,0.81,0.72,0.65];//Absorbance
+
+A0=1.5;//Absorbance at t=0s
+
+Ainf=0.40;//Absorbance at t=infinity
+
+for i=1:6
+ x(i)=t(i);//Putting the x-axis as t/s
+end
+
+for i=1:6
+ y(i)=log((A(i)-Ainf)/(A0-Ainf));//Putting the y-axis as ln((At-Ainf)/(A0-Ainf))
+end
+
+plot(x,y);//Plotting the Graph between x-axis and y-axis
+
+xlabel("t/s", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the x-axis as t/s
+
+ylabel("ln((At-Ainf)/(A0-Ainf))", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the y-axis as ln((At-Ainf)/(A0-Ainf))
+
+m=-(y(2)-y(1))/(x(2)-x(1));//Calculating the slope (Rate Constant of Reaction) of Graph
+
+printf("The rate constant for the reaction = %.3f*10^-4 s^-1",m*10^4);
diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aec91340 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + The rate constant for the reaction = 1.231*10^-4 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..808255981 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Calculate the standard molar Enthalpy of activation (delH),standard molar Entropy of activation (delS)and Standard molar Gibbs energy of activation (delG) for the reaction CH3NC(g)=CH3CN(g)
+
+//Example 12.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+k=4.0*10^13; //Pre exponential factor in s^-1
+
+KB=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzman constant in J K^-1
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=300; //Absolute temperature in K
+
+e=2.718; //ln constant
+
+delS=log((k*h)/(e*KB*T))*R; // Standard molar Entropy in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("Standard molar Entropy = %.2f J K^-1 mol^-1",delS);
+
+Ea=272; //Activation Energy in kJ mol^-1
+
+delH=Ea-(R*T/1000); //Standard molar Enthalpy in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\n Standard molar Enthalpy = %.0f kJ mol^-1",delH);
+
+delG=delH-(T*delS/1000); //Standard molar Gibbs energy in kJ mol^-1(The answer vary due to round off error)
+
+printf("\n Standard molar Gibbs Energy = %.3f kJ mol^-1",delG);
diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt b/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d98b44fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Standard molar Entropy = 7.12 J K^-1 mol^-1
+ Standard molar Enthalpy = 270 kJ mol^-1
+ Standard molar Gibbs Energy = 267.371 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..974ad913e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Estimate the Rate constant for a diffusion controlled reaction in water
+
+//Example 12.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Absolute temperature in K
+
+eta=8.9*10^-4; //Viscosity of water in J s m^-3 (1J=1N m therefore N s m^-2=J s m^-3 )
+
+KD=(8*R*T)*1000/(3*eta); //Rate constant for diffusion controlled reaction in M^-1 s^-1(1 m^3 mol^-1 s^-1=1000 M^-1 s^-1)
+
+printf("Rate constant for diffusion controlled reaction = %.1f*10^9 M^-1 s^-1",KD*10^-9);
diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt b/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18c01d07e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Rate constant for diffusion controlled reaction = 7.4*10^9 M^-1 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3f18e6f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Rate constant for Forward abd Reverse reaction
+
+//Example 12.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear
+
+Tau=36*10^-6; //The relaxation time for the system to reach the new equilibrium in s
+
+C1=1.0*10^-7; //Concentration of the Hydrogen ion in M
+
+C2=1.0*10^-7; //Concentration of the Hydroxyl ion in M (C1=C2)
+
+C3=55.5; //Concentration of the Water in M
+
+Kf=C3/((Tau)*((C1+C2)*(C3)+(C1*C2)));//Rate constant for Forward reaction in M^-1 s^-1(Kf*C1*C2=Kr*C3)(Tau=1/(Kf*(C1+C2)+Kr)
+
+printf("Rate constant for Forward reaction = %.1f*10^11 M^-1 s^-1",Kf*10^-11);
+
+K=(C1*C2)/C3; //Equilibrium Constant for the reaction in M (Hydrogen ion +Hydroxyl ion=Water )
+
+Kr=Kf*K; //Rate constant for Reverse reaction in s^-1
+
+printf("\n Rate constant for Reverse reaction = %.1f*10^-5 s^-1 ",Kr*10^5);
diff --git a/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.txt b/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd7887a05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Rate constant for Forward reaction = 1.4*10^11 M^-1 s^-1
+ Rate constant for Reverse reaction = 2.5*10^-5 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.jpg b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5fd4f546 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.jpg diff --git a/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ccfd5087 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +//To Determine the value of Km and Vmax of Enzyme and to Calculate Kinetic Paramters imposed by inhibitors
+
+//Example 13.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+s=[5*10^-4,1*10^-3,2.5*10^-3,5.0*10^-3,1.0*10^-2];//Substrate Concentration
+
+v0no=[1.25*10^-6,2.0*10^-6,3.13*10^-6,3.85*10^-6,4.55*10^-6];//Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with no inhibitor
+
+voA=[5.8*10^-7,1.04*10^-6,2.00*10^-6,2.78*10^-6,3.57*10^-6];//Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor A
+
+voB=[3.8*10^-7,6.3*10^-7,1.00*10^-6,1.25*10^-6,1.43*10^-6];//Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor B
+
+for i=1:5
+ Srec(i)=1/s(i);//Calculating the reciprocals of Substrate Concentrations
+end
+
+for i=1:5
+ v0norec(i)=1/v0no(i);//Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with no inhibitor
+end
+
+for i=1:5
+ v0Arec(i)=1/voA(i);//Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor A
+end
+
+for i=1:5
+ v0Brec(i)=1/voB(i);//Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor B
+end
+
+plot(Srec,v0norec);//Graph between Reciprocal of Substrate Concentration and Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with no inhibitor
+
+m1=(v0norec(2)-v0norec(1))/(Srec(2)-Srec(1));//Slope of 1st Graph
+
+vmax=1/(-m1*Srec(3)+v0norec(3));//Maximum Rate of reaction
+
+Km=m1*vmax;//Maximum value of Kinetic Parameter
+
+printf("The value of vmax=%.2f*10^-6 M s^-1",vmax*10^6);
+
+printf("\nThe value of Km=%.1f*10^-3 M",Km*10^3)
+
+plot(Srec,v0Arec);//Graph between Reciprocal of Substrate Concentration and Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor A
+
+m2=(v0Arec(2)-v0Arec(1))/(Srec(2)-Srec(1));//Slope of 2nd Graph
+
+I=8.0*10^-3;//Initial Concentration
+
+K1=I/((m2*vmax/Km)-1);//Kinetic Parameter with Inhibitor A
+
+printf("\nThe value of kinetic parameter with inhibitor A=%.1f*10^-3 M",K1*10^3)
+
+plot(Srec,v0Brec);//Graph between Reciprocal of Substrate Concentration and Reciprocal of Initial Rate of an Enzyme Catalysed Concentration with inhibitor B
+
+m3=(v0Brec(1)-v0Brec(3))/(Srec(1)-Srec(3));//Slope of 3rd Graph
+
+K2=I/((m3*vmax/Km)-1);//Kinetic Parameter with Inhibitor B
+
+printf("\nThe value of kinetic parameter with inhibitor B=%.1f*10^-3 M",K2*10^3)
diff --git a/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b817158f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + The value of vmax=5.01*10^-6 M s^-1
+The value of Km=1.5*10^-3 M
+The value of kinetic parameter with inhibitor A=5.2*10^-3 M
+The value of kinetic parameter with inhibitor B=3.3*10^-3 M
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe38be51b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the Energy per mole of photon for the absorption of blue ligght and red light
+
+//Example 14.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Lemda1=435*10^-9; //Wavelength of blue light in m
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+c=3.00*10^8; //Speed of light in m S^-1
+
+E1=(h*c)/Lemda1; //Energy of the photon for blue light in J
+
+E2=(E1*6.022*10^23)/1000; //Energy of blue light for one mole of photon in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Energy of blue light for one mole of photon = %.0f kJ mol^-1",E2);
+
+Lemda2=680*10^-9; //Wavelength of red light in m
+
+E3=(h*c)/Lemda2; //Energy of the photon for red light in J
+
+E4=(E3*6.022*10^23)/1000; //Energy of red light for one mole of photon in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\n Energy of red light for one mole of photon = %.0f kJ mol^-1",E4);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df606b2d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Energy of blue light for one mole of photon = 275 kJ mol^-1
+ Energy of red light for one mole of photon = 176 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2b80ad12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate radius of the smallest orbit of the Hydrogen atom
+
+//Example 14.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Eo=8.8542*10^-12; //Permittivity of free space in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in j s
+
+Me=9.109*10^-31; //Mass of the electron in kg
+
+e=1.602*10^-19; //Charge of an electron in C
+
+n=1; //Quantum number
+
+Z=1; //Atomic number of Hydrogen atom
+
+r1=((n^2)*(h^2)*Eo)/((Z*%pi*Me)*(e^2)); //Radius of the Bohr orbit in m
+
+r=r1/10^-10; //Radius of the Bohr orbit in A
+
+printf("radius of the smallest orbit of the Hydrogen atom = %.3f A",r);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6aa3876c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + radius of the smallest orbit of the Hydrogen atom = 0.529 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b164ed243 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the Wavelength in nanometer for transition in Hydrogen atom
+
+//Example 14.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+nf=2; //Quantum number for emmision process (n=4 to 2)
+
+ni=4; //Quantum number for emmision process (n=4 to 20)
+
+RH=109737; //Rydberg constant in cm^-1
+
+new=RH*abs((1/ni^2)-(1/nf^2)); //Frequency in cm^-1
+
+Lemda1=1/new; //Wavelength in cm
+
+Lemda=Lemda1*10^7 //Wavelength in nm
+
+printf("Wavelength = %.0f nm",Lemda);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..437b4d625 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Wavelength = 486 nm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cbbf2b64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Wavelength associated with Tennis ball and for an Electron traveling at the same speed
+
+//Example 14.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+m1=6.0*10^-2; //Mass of the tennis ball in kg
+
+v=62; ///Speed of the tennis ball in m s^-1
+
+Lemda1=h/(m1*v); //Wavelength of tennis ball in m (1 J=1 kg m^2 s^-2)
+
+printf("Wavelength of tennis ball = %.1f*10^-34 m",Lemda1*10^34);
+
+m2=9.10939*10^-31; //Mass of the electron in kg
+
+Lemda2=h/(m2*v); //Wavelength of electron in m
+
+Lemda=Lemda2*10^9; //Wavelength of electron in nm
+
+printf("\n Wavelength of electron = %.1f*10^4 nm",Lemda*10^-4);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1c612186 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Wavelength of tennis ball = 1.8*10^-34 m
+ Wavelength of electron = 1.2*10^4 nm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a46da62a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//What is a wavelength of an electron when it is accelerated
+
+//Example 14.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+me=9.109*10^-31; //Mass of the electron in kg
+
+e=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on an electron in C
+
+V=1*10^3; //Potencial difference in V
+
+Lemda1=h/sqrt(2*me*e*V); //Wavelength of an electron in m (1 J=1 C *1 V)
+
+Lemda=Lemda1*10^9; //Wavelength of an electron in nm (1m=10^9 nm)
+
+printf("Wavelength of an electron = %.4f nm",Lemda);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb4f2f40a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Wavelength of an electron = 0.0388 nm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7df1ae6d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the uncertainty in the velocity of the electron and Calculate the uncertainty in the baseball's position
+
+//Example 14.6
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delx=0.01*0.0529*10^-9; //Uncertainty in the electron's posiion in m
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+delp=h/(4*%pi*delx); //Uncertaintty of momentum in kg m s^-1
+
+m=9.1095*10^-31; //Mass of the electron in kg
+
+delv=delp/m; //The uncertainty in the velocity in m s^-1
+
+printf("(a)Uncertainty in the velocity = %.1f*10^8 m s^-1",delv*10^-8);
+
+delp1=1*10^-7*6.7; //Uncertainty in momentum in kg m s^-1
+
+delx=h/(4*%pi*delp1); //Uncertainty in the position in m
+
+printf("\n(b)Uncertainty in the position = %.1f*10^-29 m ",delx*10^29);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e9236fb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Uncertainty in the velocity = 1.1*10^8 m s^-1
+(b)Uncertainty in the position = 7.9*10^-29 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce b/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45c94d0ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Calculate the Energy difference between the second orbital and first orbital of the electron and Calculate the Energy difference between the second orbital and first orbital for Nitrogen molucule
+
+//Example 14.7
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n1=1; //First quantum number
+
+n2=2; //Second quantum number
+
+m=9.109*10^-31; //Mass of the electron in kg
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+L1=0.10*10^-9; //Length of the box in m
+
+E1=((n1^2)*(h^2))/(8*m*L1^2); //Energy for the enectron of first orbital in J
+
+E2=((n2^2)*(h^2))/(8*m*L1^2); //Energy for the enectron of second orbital in J
+
+E3=E2-E1; //Energy difference second orbital and first orbital in J
+
+printf("(a)Energy difference second orbital and first orbital of the electron = %.1f*10^-17 J",E3*10^17);
+
+m1=4.65*10^-26; //Mass of the Nitrogen molucule in kg
+
+L2=10*10^-2; //Length of the box in m
+
+E4=((n1^2)*(h^2))/(8*m1*L2^2); //Energy for the enectron of first orbital in J
+
+E5=((n2^2)*(h^2))/(8*m1*L2^2); //Energy for the enectron of second orbital in J
+
+E6=E5-E4; //Energy difference second orbital and first orbital in J
+
+printf("\n(b)Energy difference second orbital and first orbital for Nitrogen molucule = %.1f*10^-40 J",E6*10^40);
diff --git a/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.txt b/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c5c403b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Energy difference second orbital and first orbital = 1.8*10^-17 J
+(b)Energy difference second orbital and first orbital for Nitrogen molucule = 3.5*10^-40 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccaa6fca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calculate the Percent Ionic character of the H-F bond
+
+//Example 15.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+mewexp=1.91*3.3356*10^-30; //Experimental dipole moment in C m
+
+Q=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on electron in C
+
+r=92*10^-12; //Distance between the ions in m
+
+mewionic=Q*r; //Dipole moment in C m
+
+I=(mewexp/mewionic)*100; //Percent Ionic character of the H-F bond in percent
+
+printf("Percent Ionic character = %.1f percent ",I);
diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt b/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76e8760ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Percent Ionic character = 43.2 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bea548b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Calculate the Bond order of Nitric Oxide takes part in smog formation
+
+//Example 15.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+MO=6; //Number of electron in bonding molecular orbital
+
+AMO=1; //Number of electron in antibonding molecular orbital
+
+
+BO=1/2*(MO-AMO); //Bond order of Nitric Oxide
+
+printf("Bond order of Nitric Oxide = %.1f ",BO);
diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.txt b/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1856d1a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Bond order of Nitric Oxide = 2.5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85ab42596 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Calculate the Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE)
+
+//Example 15.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+neg=0; //Number of electron in eg orbital
+
+nt2g=5; //Number of Electron in t2g orbital
+
+CFSE=neg*0.6-nt2g*0.4; //Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE) in delta (crystal-field spliting)
+
+printf("Crystal Field Stabilization Energy = %.1f delta",CFSE);
diff --git a/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.txt b/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2ec64eb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Crystal Field Stabilization Energy = -2.0 delta
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cca2dfe30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the Dipole-Dipole interaction energy in kJ mol^-1
+
+//Example 16.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+mewA=1.08*3.3356*10^-30; //Dipole moment in C m for one molecule
+
+mewB=1.08*3.3356*10^-30; //Dipole moment in C m for other molecule
+
+epsilone=8.854*10^-12; //Molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+r=4*10^-10; //Distance between two molecule of HCl in m
+
+V1=-(2*mewA*mewB)/(4*%pi*epsilone*(r)^3); //Diploe-Diplole interaction in N m
+
+V=(V1*6.022*10^23)/1000; //Dipole-Dipole interaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Dipole-Dipole interaction = %.1f kJ mol^-1 ",V);
diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt b/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f86e9f04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Dipole-Dipole interaction = -2.2 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c1153620 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + //Calculate the Potential Energy of Intraction in between Sodium ion and HCl molucule
+
+//Example 16.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+mew=1.08*3.33*10^-30; //Dipole moment in C m
+
+r=4.0*10^-10; //Distance between Sodium ion and HCl molucule in m
+
+epsilion=8.854*10^-12; //Molar absorption cofficient in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+q=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on electron in C
+
+V1=-(q*mew)/(4*%pi*epsilion*r^2); //Potential energy of intraction in J
+
+V=V1*6.023*10^23/1000; //Potential energy of intraction in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Potential energy of intraction in between Sodium ion and HCl molucule = %.0f kJ mol^-1",V);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt b/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..173163b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Potential energy of intraction in between Sodium ion and HCl molucule = -19 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25de9a53d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Calculate the Potential Energy of ion induced dipole intraction in between Sodium ion and Nitrogen molucule
+
+//Example 16.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+alpha=1.74*10^-30; //Proportionality constant in m^3
+
+r=4.0*10^-10; //Distance between Sodium ion and Nitrogen molucule in m
+
+epsilion=8.854*10^-12; //Molar absorption cofficient in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+q=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on electron in C
+
+V1=-((1/2)*(alpha*q^2))/(4*%pi*epsilion*r^4); //Potential energy of ion induced dipole intraction in J
+
+V=V1*6.023*10^23/1000; //Potential energy of ion induced dipole intraction in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Potential energy of ion induced dipole intraction in between Sodium ion and Nitrogen molucule = %.1f kJ mol^-1",V);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.txt b/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67a168029 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Potential energy of ion induced dipole intraction in between Sodium ion and Nitrogen molucule = -4.7 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9a94be92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Calculate the Potential Energy of Interaction between two Argon atoms
+
+//Example 16.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+alpha=1.66*10^-30; //Proportionality constant in m^3
+
+I=1521; //Ionization energy of Argon in kJ mol^-1
+
+r=4.0*10^-10; //Distance between two Argon atoms
+
+V=-((3/4)*(alpha^2)*(I))/(r^6); //Potential energy of interaction between two Argon atoms in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Potential energy of interaction between two Argon atoms = %.2f kJ mol^-1",V);
diff --git a/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt b/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c046325ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Potential energy of interaction between two Argon atoms = -0.77 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce b/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01816cff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the bond length of Carbon monoxide
+
+//Example 17.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+delv=1.15*10^11; //Frequency difference between two microwave spectrum of carbon monoxide
+
+I=h/(4*(%pi^2)*delv); //Intensity of emerging light in kg m^2
+
+m1=12.01; //Mass of the Carbon atom in amu
+
+m2=16.00; //Mass of the Oxygen atom in amu
+
+r1=(((I)*(m1+m2))/((m1*m2)*(1.661*10^-27)))^(1/2); //Bond length of CO in m
+
+r=r1*10^10; //Bond length of CO in A
+
+printf("Bond length of Carbon mono Oxide = %.2f A ",r);
diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt b/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7cd004e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Bond length of Carbon mono Oxide = 1.13 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afd18e571 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the Force Constant of the HCl molucule
+
+//Example 17.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+c=3.00*10^10; //Speed of light in cm s^-1
+
+newbar=2886; //Frequency in cm^-1
+
+new=c*newbar; //Frequency in Hz
+
+m1=1.008; //Mass of the Hydrogen atom in amu
+
+m2=34.97; //Mass of the Chlorine atom in amu
+
+mew=(m1*m2*1.661*10^-27)/(m1+m2); //Reduced mass of the molucule in kg
+
+K=4*%pi^2*new^2*mew; //Force constant of the molucule in N m^-1 (kg s^-2=kg m s^-2 m6-1, kg m s^-2 m^-1=N m^-1)
+
+printf("Force constant of the molucule = %.2f*10^2 N m^-1",K*10^-2);
diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt b/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b919a499 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Force constant of the molucule = 4.82*10^2 N m^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce b/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c85652c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Calculate the Magnetic field that corresponds to a precession frequency of 400 MHz
+
+//Example 17.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+new=400*10^6; //Precession Frequency of Hydrogen atom in s^-1
+
+gyma=26.75*10^7; //Gyromagnetic Ratio for Hydrogen atom in T^-1 s^-1 (T=Tesla)
+
+Bo=(2*%pi*new)/gyma; //Magnetic field strength in T
+
+printf("Magnetic field = %.2f T",Bo);
diff --git a/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.txt b/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d4211b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Magnetic field = 9.40 T
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce b/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abc58dd93 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Calculate the Optical Rotation of Lysine solution ,What is the difference between the Refractive indices of the left and right circularly polarized light and What is Molar Rotation of Lysine solution
+
+//Example 18.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+c=0.148; //Concentration of opticall active substance of L Lusine in g cm^-3
+
+L1=10/10; //Length of the cell in dm
+
+alpha1=+13.5; //Specific rotation of L-Lssine in dm^-1 cm^3 g^-1 degree
+
+alpha=alpha1*c*L1; //Optical Rotation of Lysine solution in degree (A positive alpha means that the plane of polarization is rotated to the right as one looks into the beam)
+
+printf("(a)Optical Rotation of Lysine solution = +%.0f degree",alpha);
+
+alpha2=+2; //The angle of rotation
+
+lemda=589.3*10^-9; //Wavelength of light employed in m
+
+L2=10/100; //Length of the cell in m
+
+d=(alpha2*lemda)/(180*L2); //Difference between the Refractive indices of the left and right circularly polarized light (d=nl-nr)
+
+printf("\n(b)Difference between the Refractive indices of the left and right circularly polarized light = %.1f*10^-8",d*10^8);
+
+alpha3=+13.5; //Specific rotation of L-Lysine solution in dm^-1 cm^3 g^-1
+
+mew=146.2; //Molar mass of L-Lysine solution in g mol^-1
+
+fi=(alpha3*mew)/100; //Molar rotation of lysine solution in dm^-1 cm^3 mol^-1
+
+printf("\n(c)Molar Rotation of Lysine solution = %.1f dm^-1 cm^3 mol^-1",fi);
diff --git a/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.txt b/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad3d831ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH18/EX18.2/Ex18_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)Optical Rotation of Lysine solution = +2 degree
+(b)Difference between the Refractive indices of the left and right circularly polarized light = 6.5*10^-8
+(c)Molar Rotation of Lysine solution = 19.7 dm^-1 cm^3 mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ba657ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Calculate the number of Einstens absorbed per second and the Total energy absorbed
+
+//Example 19.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+A=0.65; //Absorbance of complex ion
+
+epsilion=1.11*10^4; //Molar absorptivity or Molar extinction coefficient in L mol^-1 cm^-1
+
+b=1; //Pathlength in cm
+
+c1=A/(epsilion*b); //Concentraton in mol L^-1 or M
+
+m=(c1*35)/1000; //number of moles of Ferrus ion produced in mol
+
+q=0.93; //Quantum yield
+
+fi=m/q; //Number of Einstens absorbed in mol or einstein
+
+t=30*60; //Time irradiated with monochromatic light in s
+
+v=fi/t; //Rate of absorption in einstein s^-1
+
+printf("Number of Einstens absorbed per second = %.1f*10^-9 einstein s^-1",v*10^9);
+
+lemda=468*10^-9; //Wavelength in m
+
+c=3.0*10^8; //Speed of light in m s^-1
+
+new=c/lemda; //Frequency of monochromatic light in s^-1
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+NA=6.022*10^23; //Avogadro's number in mol^-1
+
+E=fi*NA*h*new; //Energy absorbed in J
+
+printf("\n Total Energy absorbed = %.2f J ",E);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.txt b/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..779945379 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Number of Einstens absorbed per second = 1.2*10^-9 einstein s^-1
+ Total Energy absorbed = 0.56 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce b/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5b679d48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Partial pressure of Oxygen at an altitude of 30 km (stratosphere)
+
+//Example 19.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Po=0.20; //Partial pressure of Oxygen at an sea level in atm
+
+g=9.81; //Gravitational constant in m s^-2
+
+h=30*10^3; //height in m
+
+mew=0.03200; //Molar mass of Oxygen molucule in kg mol^-1
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=25+273; //Temperarure in K
+
+P=Po*(exp(-(g*mew*h)/(R*T))); //Partial pressure of Oxygen at an altitude of 30 km (stratosphere)in atm
+
+printf("Partial pressure of Oxygen at an altitude of 30 km = %.1f*10^-3 atm",P*10^3);
+
+
diff --git a/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.txt b/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66b065d56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH19/EX19.2/Ex19_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Partial pressure of Oxygen at an altitude of 30 km = 4.5*10^-3 atm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0698b6d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Calucate the number of oxygen molecules
+//Example 2.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+r=0.0050;.......//radius of alveoli in cm
+
+P=1;........//Pressure in atm
+
+R=0.08206;.......//Gas Constant in L atm K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=310;.......//Temperature in Kelvin
+
+mp=14;........//Mole Percent of Oxygen
+
+V=(4/3)*%pi*r^3*10^-3;........//Volume of one alveolus in Litres
+
+n=(P*V)/(R*T);..........//Number of moles of air in one alveolus in mol
+
+Na=6.022*10^23;.....//Avagadro's Number
+
+N=n*(mp/100)*Na;.......//Number of Oxygen Molecules
+
+printf("The number of oxygen molecules = %.1f*10^12 Oxygen molecules",N*10^-12);
diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt b/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0e1e2e48 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + The number of oxygen molecules = 1.7*10^12 Oxygen molecules
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0161d0283 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Calculate the mass of Oxygen
+
+//Example 2.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+PT=758; //Total partial pressure in torr
+
+PH2O=19.8; //Partial pressure of water in torr
+
+PO2=(PT-PH2O)*0.00131579; //Partial pressure of oxygen in torr
+
+V=0.186; //Volume of oxygen in Litre
+
+M=32; //Molar mass of oxygen in g/ mol
+
+R=0.08206; //Gas constant in L atm K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=295; //Tempreture in kelvin
+
+m=(PO2*V*M)/(R*T); //Mass of the Oxygen molecule in g
+
+printf("Mass of Oxygen molecule = %.3f g",m);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt b/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2128754e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Mass of Oxygen molecule = 0.239 g
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26c17b054 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the pressure of gas if Nitrogen behaves as a Van der Waals and ideal gas
+
+// Example 2.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=2000; //Number of Nitrogen molecule in mol
+
+R=0.08206; //Gas constant in L atm K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=898; //Tempreture in kelvin
+
+V=800; //Volume of vessel in L
+
+b=0.0386; //Van der walls constant in L /mol
+
+a=1.35; //Proportionality constant in L^2/mol^2
+
+P1=((n*R*T)/(V-(n*b)))-((a*n^2)/(V^2)); //Pressure of gas in atm
+
+printf("(a) Pressure of gas when Nitrogen behaves as Van Der Valls Gas = %.0f atm",P1);
+
+P2=(n*R*T)/V; //Pressure of gas if Nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas
+
+printf("\n(b)Pressure of gas if Nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas = %.0f atm",P2);
diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt b/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ad00fd3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + pressure of gas = 195 atm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89a0dd255 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the molar volume of Methane
+
+//Example 2.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+B=-0.042; //Second virial coefficient of Methane in L mol^-1
+
+P=100; //Pressure in atm
+
+R=0.08206; //Gas constant in L atm K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=300; //Temperature in kelvin
+
+Z=1+((B*P)/(R*T)); //Compressibility Factor
+
+Vbar=(Z*R*T)/P;//Volume of Methane per mol in L
+
+printf("Observed Molar Volume of Methane = %.2f L mol^-1", Vbar);
+
+V1bar=(R*T)/P; //Molar volume of Methane through Ideal Gas Equation in L
+
+printf("\nMolar volume of Methane through Ideal Gas Equation = %.2f L mol^-1", V1bar);
diff --git a/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt b/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77157dd49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Observed Molar Volume of Methane = 0.20 L mol^-1
+Molar volume of Methane through Ideal Gas Equation = 0.25 L mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.sce b/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a48add85 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//To Calculate the smallest Diffraction Angle
+
+//Example 20.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+a=2.6*10^-10;//Edge Length of Cubic Lattice
+
+h=1;//Miller Indice h
+
+k=1;//Miller Indice k
+
+l=1;//Miller Indice l
+
+lambda=1.542*10^-10;//Wavelength of light
+
+theta=asin(lambda*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)/(2*a))*180/%pi;
+
+printf("Smallest Diffraction Angle=%.1f degrees",theta);
diff --git a/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.txt b/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8dfcd2df --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH20/EX20.1/Ex20_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Smallest Diffraction Angle=30.9 degrees
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce b/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e0ae1425 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Lattice energy of Sodium Chloride
+
+//Example 20.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=8.4; //Integer between 8 and 12( For the repulsive term in the lattice)
+
+NA=6.022*10^23; //Avogadro's number in mol^-1
+
+mew=1.7476; //Madelung constant for the NaCl crystal lattice
+
+e=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on electron in C
+
+epsilion=8.854*10^-12 //Molar extinction cofficient in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+r=2.81*10^-10; //Sum of radii of Sodium ion and Chlorine ion in m
+
+Vbar=-((NA*mew*e^2)/(4*%pi*epsilion*r))*(1-(1/n)); //Lattice energy in J mol^-1(conversion factor 1J=1N m)
+
+U=-Vbar/1000; //Lattice energy in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Lattice energy of Sodium chloride = %.0f kJ mol^-1",U);
diff --git a/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.txt b/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7363d4c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Lattice energy of Sodium chloride = 761 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce b/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12bb91d7f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//How high will water rise in Xylem vessel of a plant
+
+//Examlpe 21.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+gyma=0.07275; //Suface tension in N m^-1
+
+r=0.020*10^-2; //Radius of Xylem vessel in m
+
+g=9.81; //Acceleration due to gravity in m s^-1
+
+rho=1*10^3; //Density of water in kj m^-3
+
+costheta=1; //Beacause the contact angle is quite small we assume that theta=0
+
+h=(2*gyma*costheta)/(rho*g*r); //Height of the water that rise up in Xylem vessel in m (1 N=1 kg m s^-2 therefore N s^2 kg^-1=1 m)
+
+printf(" Hight of the water that rise up in Xylem vessel of a plant = %.3f m",h);
diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.txt b/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3f005f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.1/Ex21_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Hight of the water that rise up in Xylem vessel of a plant = 0.074 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce b/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95c2bd937 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Calculate the Root Mean Square distance traveled by a urea molucule
+
+//Example 21.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+D=1.18*10^-9; //Diffusion coefficient of Urea in m^2 s^-1
+
+t=1*60*60; //Diffusion time in second
+
+meanx=sqrt(2*D*t)*1000; //Root mean square distance in mm
+
+printf("Root mean square distance traveled = %.1f mm",meanx);
diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.txt b/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e066e04c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.2/Ex21_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Root mean square distance traveled = 2.9 mm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce b/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7313e3d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Estimate the Diffusion Coeffcient of a spherical molucule
+
+//Example 21.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+KB=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzmann's constant in J K^-1
+
+T=300; //Temperature in K
+
+eta=0.00101; //Viscosity of the solvent in N s m^-2
+
+r=1.5*10^-10; //Radius of molucule in m
+
+D=(KB*T)/(6*%pi*eta*r); //Diffusion cofficient of a molucule in m^2 s^-1 (1 J N^-1 m s^-1=1 m^2 s^-1)
+
+printf("Diffusion coeffcient of a spherical molucule = %.1f*10^-9 m^2 s^-1",D*10^9);
diff --git a/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.txt b/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d1d6a0d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH21/EX21.3/Ex21_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Diffusion coeffcient of a spherical molucule = 1.5*10^-9 m^2 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce b/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aac3a010d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the molar mass of Catalase
+
+//Eaxmple 22.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=20+273; //Temperature in K
+
+D=4.1*10^-11; //Diffusion coefcient of Catalase (horse liver) in m^2 s^-1
+
+rho=0.998; //Density of water in g ml^-1
+
+s=11.3*10^-13; //Sedimentation coeffcient in s
+
+vbar=0.715; //Partial specific volume in ml g^-1
+
+mew=(s*R*T*1000)/((D)*(1-(vbar*rho))); //Molar mass of Catalase in g mol^-1 (1 J=1 kg m^2 s^-2)(The answer vary due to round off error )
+
+printf("Molar mass of Catalase = %.2f*10^5 g mol^-1",mew*10^-5);
diff --git a/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.txt b/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78884e631 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH22/EX22.1/Ex22_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Molar mass of Catalase = 2.34*10^5 g mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce b/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36eb9b2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Calculate the Partition function of the system
+
+//Example 23.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+KB=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzmann's constant in J K^-1
+
+T=300; //Temperature in K
+
+g0=1; //Degeneracies for zero level
+
+g1=3; //Degeneracies for first level
+
+g2=5; //Degeneracies for second level
+
+e0=0; //Energy for zero level
+
+e1=2.00*10^-21; //Energy for first level in J
+
+e2=8.00*10^-21; //Energy for second level in J
+
+q=g0*exp((-e0)/(KB*T))+g1*exp((-e1)/(KB*T))+g2*exp((-e2)/(KB*T)); //Partition function of the system (The answer vary due to round off error )
+
+printf("Partition function of the system = %.2f",q);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.txt b/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64fb6b482 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.1/Ex23_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Partition function of the system = 3.58
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.sce b/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33c10a6a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the Translational Partition function of a Helium atom
+
+//Example 23.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+m=4.003*1.661*10^-27; //Mass of Helium atom in kg amu^-1
+
+KB=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzmann's constant in J K^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+V=1; //Volume of container in m^3
+
+Qtrans=(((2*%pi*m*KB*T)^(3/2))*V)/h^3; //Translational Partition function of a Helium atom (1 J=1 kg m^2 s^-2)
+
+printf("Translational Partition function of a Helium atom = %.2f*10^30",Qtrans*10^-30);
diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.txt b/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5fd3ce1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.2/Ex23_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Translational Partition function of a Helium atom = 7.75*10^30
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce b/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4285d2261 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Evaluate Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 300K and 3000K
+
+//Example 23.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+h=6.626*10^-34; //Planck's constant in J s
+
+new=6.40*10^13; //Fundamental frequency of vibration for CO in s^-1
+
+KB=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzmann's constant in J K^-1
+
+T1=300; //Temperature in K
+
+Qvib1=1/(1-exp((-h*new)/(KB*T1))); //Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 300K
+
+printf("Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 300K = %.5f",Qvib1);
+
+T2=3000; //Temperature in K
+
+Qvib2=1/(1-exp((-h*new)/(KB*T2))); //Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 3000K
+
+printf("\n Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 3000K = %.2f",Qvib2);
diff --git a/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.txt b/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27e96f374 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH23/EX23.3/Ex23_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 300K = 1.00004
+ Vibrational Partition Function for Carbon Monoxide at 3000K = 1.56
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..715a21797 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Most probable speed ,Mean speed and Root mean square speed for Oxygen molecule
+
+//Example 3.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=300; //Temperature in kelvin
+
+mew=0.03200; //Molar mass of Oxygen kg mol^-1
+
+Cmp=sqrt((2*R*T)/(mew))//Most probable speed in m s^-1
+
+printf("most probable speed = %.0f m s^-1",Cmp);
+
+Cbar=sqrt((8*R*T)/(%pi*mew)); //Mean speed in m s^-1
+
+printf("\nMean speed = %.0f m s^-1",Cbar);
+
+Crms=sqrt((3*R*T)/(mew)); //Root mean square speed in m s^-1
+
+printf("\nroot mean square speed = %.0f m s^-1",Crms);
diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt b/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27e059727 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + most probable speed = 395 m s^-1
+Mean speed = 446 m s^-1
+root mean square speed = 484 m s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b2c6f939 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Calculate the Collision frequency Binary Collision Number and Mean free path of Nitrogen
+
+//Example 3.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in Kelvin
+
+mew=0.02800; //Molar mass of Nitrogen in Kg mol^-1
+
+Cbar=sqrt((8*R*T)/(%pi*mew))*100; //Average speed of Nitrogen in cm/s
+
+Conc=2.5*10^19; //Concentration of dry air in cm^-3
+
+Cd=3.75*10^-8; //Collision diameter in cm
+
+Z1=sqrt(2)*%pi*(Cd)^2*Cbar*Conc;....//Collision frequency in collisions s^-1
+
+printf("Collision frequency of Nitrogen = %.1f*10^9 collisions s^-1",Z1*10^-9);//(The answers vary due to round off error)
+
+Z11=(Z1/2)*Conc;....//Binary Collision number in cm^-3 s^-1
+
+printf("\nBinary collision number = %.1f*10^28 collisions cm^-3 s^-1",Z11*10^-28);
+
+lambda=Cbar/Z1; //Mean free path of Nitrogen in A/collision
+
+printf("\nMean free path of Nirogen = %.0f* A/collision",lambda*10^8);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt b/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06c95a254 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Collision frequency of Nitrogen = 7.4*10^9 collisions s^-1
+Binary collision number = 9.3*10^28 collisions cm^-3 s^-1
+Mean free path of Nirogen = 640* A/collision
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e783999f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the Viscosity of Oxygen gas
+
+//Example3.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=288; //Temperature in K
+
+mew=0.03200; //Molar mass of Oxygen in kg mol^-1
+
+Cbar=sqrt((8*R*T)/(%pi*mew)); //Mean speed of Oxygen in m s^-1
+
+d=3.61*10^-10; //Collision diameter of Oxygen in m
+
+M=32*1.661*10^-27; //Mass of Oxygen in kg
+
+eta=(M*Cbar)/((3*d^2*%pi)*sqrt(2)); //Viscosity of Oxygen in kg m^-1 s^-1
+
+printf("Viscosity of Oxygen gas = %.2f*10^-5 kg m^-1 s^-1",eta*10^5);
diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt b/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dbdd5615 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Viscosity of Oxygen gas = 1.34*10^-5 kg m^-1 s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d539d6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Calculate the mass of Carbon di Oxide in gramm that collides every second with leaf
+
+//Example 3.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+P=(0.033*101325*1)/(100*1); //Partial pressure of the gas in Pa
+
+M=44.01*1.661*10^-27; //Molecular mass of CO2 in kg
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+NA=6.023*10^23; // Avagadro number mol^-1
+
+Kb=R/NA; //Boltzman's constant in J K^-1
+
+T=298; //Tepmerature in K
+
+ZA=P/(2*%pi*M*Kb*T)^0.5;
+
+A=0.020; //Area of leaf in m^2
+
+Noc=ZA*A; //Number of CO2 molecule colliding with the leaf in s^-1
+
+Moc=Noc*7.31*10^-23; //Mass of CO2 that colliding with leaf in g s^-1
+
+printf("Mass of Carbon di Oxide that collide = %.1f g s^-1",Moc);
+
+
diff --git a/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt b/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..046faa589 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Mass of Carbon di Oxide that collide = 1.1 g s^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f0628268 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Calculate the value of work done if the expansion is carried out against a vacuum ,against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm and reversibly
+
+//Example 4.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=0.850; //Number of mole of gas in mol
+
+R1=0.08206; //Gas constant in L atm K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=300; //Temperature in K
+
+P1=15.0; //Initial pressure in atm
+
+P2=1.00; //Final pressure in atm
+
+Pex=0; //Pressure in vaccum
+
+V1=(n*R1*T)/P1; //Initial volume
+
+V2=(n*R1*T)/P2; //Final volume
+
+w1=-Pex*(V2-V1)*101.3; //Work done against vaccum in J
+
+printf("(a)Work done if the expansion is carried out against a vaccum = %.0f J",w1);
+
+w2=-P2*(V2-V1)*101.3; //Work done against a constant external pressure in J
+
+printf("\n(b)Value of work done if the expansion is carried out against a constant external pressure = %.2f*10^3 J",w2*10^-3);
+
+R2=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+w3=(-n*R2*T)*log((P1/P2)); //Work done for an isothermal,reversible process in J
+
+printf("\n(c)Work done if the expansion is carried out for an isothermal,reversible process = %.2f*10^3 J",w3*10^-3);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0965cb49a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)Work done if the expansion is carried out against a vaccum = -0 J
+(b)Value of work done if the expansion is carried out against a constant external pressure = -1.98*10^3 J
+(c)Work done if the expansion is carried out for an isothermal,reversible process = -5.74*10^3 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2a015385 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the standard Enthalpy for the reaction three Oxygen molecule givs two Ozone molecule
+
+//Example 4.10
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delrH298deg=285.4; //standard enthalpy at 298 k in kJ mol^-1
+
+Cp1=29.4; //molar heat capacity for O2 at constant pressur in J K^-1
+
+Cp2=38.2; //molar heat capacity for O3 at constant pressur in J K^-1
+
+delCp=2*Cp2-3*Cp1; //change in molar heat capacity for reaction in J K^-1
+
+T2=380; //final temperature in K
+
+T1=298; //initial temperature in K
+
+delT=T2-T1; //change in temperature in K
+
+delrH380deg=((delCp*delT)/1000)+delrH298deg; //standard Enthalpy for the reaction at 380 K in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Standard Enthalpy = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delrH380deg);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd5f11b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Enthalpy = 284.4 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e7d394ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Estimate the Enthaply of Combustion for Methane
+
+//Exaample 4.11
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+H1=414; //Bond Enthalpy for a C-H bond in kJ mol^-1
+
+H2=498.8; //Bond Enthalpy for a O-O bond in kJ mol^-1
+
+H3=799; //Bond Enthalpy for a C=O bond kJ mol^-1
+
+H4=460; //Bond Enthalpy for a O-H bond kJ mol^-1
+
+delHr=((4*H1)+(2*H2))-((2*H3)+(4*H4)); //Enthalpy of the reaction kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Enthalpy Change of combustion of methane = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delHr);
+
+H5=-393.5; //Enthalpy of formation of CO2 kJ mol^-1
+
+H6=-241.8; //Enthalpy of formation of H2O kJ mol^-1
+
+H7=-74.85; //Enthalpy of formation of CH4 kJ mol^-1
+
+delHf=(H5+(2*H6))-H7; //Enthalpy of formation kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\nEnthalpy Change of combustion of methane from enthalpy of formation = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delHf);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f779270cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Enthalpy Change of combustion of methane = -784.4 kJ mol^-1
+Enthalpy Change of combustion of methane from enthalpy of formation = -802.3 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ae4f6276 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//How high the person can climb on this energy intake
+
+//Example4.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+M=73; //Weight of the person in kg
+
+m=500; //Mass of milk that person drink in g
+
+Cv=720; //Caloric value of milk in cal g^-1
+
+Mw=17; //Percant of milk that converted in mechanical work
+
+W=(Mw*m*Cv*4.184)/100; //Energy intake for mechanical work in J
+
+g=9.81; //Acceleration due to gravity in m s^-2
+
+h=W/(M*g); //Person climb by this height in m
+
+printf("The person climbs to a height = %.1f*10^2 m",h*10^-2);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09ed68f6e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + The person climbs to a height = 3.6*10^2 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68096b6b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Calculate the value of change in Internal energy and change in Enthalpy for the combution of Benzoic acid
+
+//Example 4.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+C=5267.8; //Effective heat capcity of bomb calorimeter plus water im J K^-1
+
+T1=293.32; //Initial temperature in K
+
+T2=295.37; //Final temperature in K
+
+delT=T2-T1; //Change in teperature in K
+
+M=122.12; //Molar mass of Benzoic acid in g mol^-1
+
+m=0.4089; //Mass of sample of Benzoic acid in g
+
+delU=-(C*delT*M)/(m*1000); //Change in Enternal enegy in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Change in Enternal energy = %.0f kJ mol^-1",delU);(The answer vary due to round off error)
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=T1; //Temperature in K
+
+n1=7.5; //Number of moles of gas for reactants
+
+n2=7; //Number of mole of gas for product
+
+deln=n2-n1; //Change of moles gas for reaction
+
+delH=delU+((R*T*deln)/1000); //Change in Enthalpy in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\nChange in Enthalpy = %.0f kJ mol^-1",delH);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e78d682c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Change in Enternal energy = -3225 kJ mol^-1
+Change in Enthalpy = -3226 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3484850f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Compare the difference between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy for 1 mol of ice melt in to 1 mol of water at 273 K and one mole water change in to one mole steam at 373 K
+
+//Example4.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Vbars=0.0196; //Molar volume of ice in L mol^-1
+
+Vbarl=0.0180; //Molar volume of water in L mol^-1
+
+P=1; //Pressure in atm
+
+delV1=Vbarl-Vbars; //Change in molar volume when water change in to steam in L mol^-1)
+
+E1=P*100*delV1; //Differerce between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy when ice melt in to water in J mol^-1 delH-delU
+
+printf("(a)Difference between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy for 1 mol of ice melt in to 1 mol of water at 273 K = %.2f J mol^-1",E1);
+
+Vbarg=30.61; //Molar volume of steam in L mol^-1
+
+delV2=Vbarg-Vbarl; //Change in molar volume when water change in to steam in L mol^-1)
+
+E2=P*101.33*delV2; //Differerce between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy when water change in to steam delH-delU in J mol^-1
+
+printf("\n (b)Difference between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy for one mole water change in to one mole steam at 373 K = %.0f J mol^-1",E2);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a96d442d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Difference between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy for 1 mol of ice melt in to 1 mol of water at 273 K = -0.16 J mol^-1
+ (b)Difference between change in Enthalpy and change in Enternal energy for one mole water change in to one mole steam at 373 K = 3100 J mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d6bae5d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Change in Enternal energy = 526 J
+Change in Enthalpy = 877 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..032b222db --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Calculate the change in Enternal energy and change in Enthalpy for heating of Xenon
+
+//Example4.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+T1=300; //Initial temperature in K
+
+T2=400; //Final temperature in K
+
+m=55.40; //Mass of Xenon in g
+
+M=131.29; //Molecular mass of Xenon
+
+n=m/M; //Number of mole of Xenon in mol
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Cbarv=(3/2)*R; //Molar constant volume in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delT=T2-T1; //Thange in temperature in K
+
+delU=n*delT*Cbarv; //Change in Enternal energy in J
+
+printf("Change in Enternal energy = %.0f J",delU);
+
+Cbarp=(5/2)*R; //Molar constant pressure in J K^-1 mlo^-1
+
+delH=n*Cbarp*delT; //Change in Enthalpy in J
+
+printf("\nChange in Enthalpy = %.0f J",delH);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d17e1375 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Calculate the Enthalpy Change for heating of 1.46 moles of Oxygen
+
+//Example 4.6
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+
+n=1.46; //Number of moles of Oxygen
+
+function x=Cp(T) ,x=(25.7+0.0130*T), endfunction //Molar Heat Capacity of Oxygen at Constant Pressure in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+function y=f(T),y=n*Cp(T),endfunction
+
+delH=intg(298,367,f); //Enthalpy Change in J
+
+printf("Enthalpy Change = %.2f*10^3 J",delH*10^-3)
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6803fc0db --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Enthalpy Change = 3.02*10^3 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0aaa6dc3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Calculate the work done if the expansion is carried out Adiabatically and Reversibly
+
+//Example 4.7
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=0.850; //Number of moles of momnoatomic ideal gas in mol
+
+R=0.08206; //Gas constant in L atm K^-1
+
+T1=300; //Initial temperature in K
+
+P1=15; //Initial pressure in atm
+
+V1=(n*R*T1)/P1; //Initial volume in L
+
+P2=1; //Final pressure in atm
+
+gama=5/3; //Constant for Adiabatic Expansion
+
+V2=V1*(P1/P2)^(1/gama); //Final volume in L
+
+T2=(P2*V2)/(n*R); //Final temperature in K
+
+Cbarv=12.47; //Molar consant volume heat capacity in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delU=n*Cbarv*(T2-T1); //Change in Enternal energy in J
+
+w=delU; //Change in Enternal energy converted in to amount of work done in expansion is carried out Adiabatically and Reversibly in J
+
+printf("Work done = %.1f*10^3 J",w*10^-3);
+
+
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0e9a5e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Work done = -2.1*10^3 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1438bc62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calculate the standard molar Enthalpy of formatyion of Acetylene (C2H2) from its element
+
+//Example 4.8
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delH1deg=-393.5; //Enthalpy change for the reaction C(graphite)+O2(g) givs CO2(g) in kJ mol^-1
+
+delH2deg=-285.8; //Enthalpy change for the reaction H2(g)+1/2O2(g) givs H2O(l) in kJ mol^-1
+
+delH3deg=-2598.8; //Enthalpy change for the reaction 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)givs 4CO2(g)+2H2O(l)in kJ mol^-1
+
+delH4deg=-delH3deg; //Enthalpy change for the reaction 4CO2(g)+2H2O(l)givs 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)in kJ mol^-1
+
+delHdeg=(4*delH1deg+2*delH2deg+delH4deg)/2; //Molar Enthalpy for formation of acetylene in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Molar Enthalpy = %.1f kJ mol^-1 ",delHdeg);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b3ad1a95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Molar Enthalpy = 226.6 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..467d6a390 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calulate the standard Enthalpy of the reaction C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)givs 6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)at 298 K
+
+//Examlpe 4.9
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delfHbar1=-393.5; //standard Molar Enthalpy of formation at 298 K and 1 Bar for CO2 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfHbar2=-285.8; //standard Molar Enthalpy of formation at 298 K and 1 Bar for H2O in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfHbar3=-1274.5; //standard Molar Enthalpy of formation at 298 K and 1 Bar for C6H12O6 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfHbar4=0; //standard Molar Enthalpy of formation at 298 K and 1 Bar for O2 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfHbar=(6*delfHbar1+6*delfHbar2)-(delfHbar3+6*delfHbar4); //standard Enthalpy of the reaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Standard Enthalpy of the reaction = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delfHbar);
diff --git a/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt b/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ca4955f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Enthalpy of the reaction = -2801.3 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60dd2ed74 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the Entropy change when Ideal gas are expand to Isothermaly ,Estimate the probability that the gas will contract spontaneously from the final volume to initial volume
+
+//Example 5.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=2; //Number of moles of gas in mol
+
+R=8.314; //Gas consant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+V2=2.4; //final volume of the gas in L
+
+V1=1.5; //initial volume of the gas in L
+
+delS=n*R*log(V2/V1); //Entropy change in J K^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change = %.1f J K^-1",delS);
+
+Kb=1.381*10^-23; //Boltzman's constant in J K^-1
+
+r=exp(-delS/Kb); //probability for spontaneous contraction=W1/W2 (Probability for spontaneous contraction is zero butit must be with the aid of external force)
+
+printf("\nProbability for spontaneous contraction = %.0f",r);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d565f84e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Entropy change = 7.8 J K^-1
+Probability for spontaneous contraction = 0
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7a4620af --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Calulate the Efficiency of the power plant
+
+//Example 5.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+T2=833; //final temperature in K
+
+T1=311; //initial temperature in K
+
+e=((T2-T1)*100)/T2; //Efficiency of the power plant in percent
+
+printf("Efficiency of the power plant = %.0f percent",e);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f98d21f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Efficiency of the power plant = 63 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0882d1f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//How much work must be done by a heat pump when the outdoor temperature is 5 dgree and minus 10 degree
+
+//Example 5.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+q2=5000; //Amount of heat deliver by a pump in J
+
+T2=295; //Temperature of house in K
+
+T1=278; //Outdoor teperature in K
+
+q1=abs(q2)*(T1/T2); //Amount of heat in J
+
+w1=abs(q2)-q1; //Amount of work done by a heat pump when the outdoor temperature is 5 dgree in J
+
+printf("(a)Amount of work done when the outdoor temperature is 5 dgree = %.0f J",w1);
+
+T3=263; //Outdoor teperature in K
+
+q1=abs(q2)*(T3/T2); //Amount of heat in J
+
+w2=abs(q2)-q1; //Amount of work done by a heat pump in J
+
+printf("\n(b)Amount of work done when the outdoor temperature is minus 10 degree = %.0f J",w2);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..859d8aba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Amount of work done when the outdoor temperature is 5 dgree = 288 J
+(b)Amount of work done when the outdoor temperature is minus 10 degree = 542 J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ed55c67b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Calculate the Entropy change for the system ,for the surrounding and for the universe expands isothermally against a constant pressure
+
+//Example 5.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=0.50; //Number of moles of Ideal gas in mol
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+V2=5.0; //Final volume of the gas in L
+
+V1=1.0; //Initial volume of the gas in L
+
+delSsys=(n*R)*log(V2/V1); //Entropy change for the system in J K^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change for the system = %.1f J K^-1",delSsys);
+
+P=2; //Pressure of the gas in atm
+
+delV=V2-V1; //Change of the volume in L
+
+W=-P*delV*101.3; //Work done in the irreversible gas expansion in J
+
+q=-W; //Work done in the irreversible gas expansion change into heat lost by surrounding in J
+
+qsur=-q; //Heat lost by surrounding in J
+
+T=293; //Temperature of the gas in K
+
+delSsur=qsur/T; //Entropy change for the surrounding in J K^-1
+
+printf("\nEnropy change for the surrounding = %.1f J K^-1",delSsur);
+
+delSuniv=delSsys+delSsur; //Entropy change for the Universe in J K^-1
+
+printf("\nEntropy change for the universe = %.1f J K^-1",delSuniv);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..563537019 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Entropy change for the system = 6.7 J K^-1
+Enropy change for the surrounding = -2.8 J K^-1
+Entropy change for the universe = 3.9 J K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c1ea4536 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calucate the Entopy change for Fusion and Vaporization
+
+//Example 5.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delfusH=6.01; //Molar Enthalpy of fusion in kJ mol^-1
+
+Tf=273; //Melting point of ice in K
+
+delfusS=(delfusH*1000)/Tf; //Entropy change for fusion in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change for Fusion = %.1f J K^-1 mol^-1",delfusS);
+
+delvapH=40.79; //Molar enthalpy of vaporization in kJ mol^-1
+
+Tb=373; //Boiling point of water in K
+
+delvapS=(delvapH*1000)/Tb; //Entropy change for vaporization in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("\Enentropy change for Vaporization = %.1f J K^-1 mol^-1",delvapS);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b982acd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Entropy change for Fusion = 22.0 J K^-1 mol^-1Enentropy change for Vaporization = 109.4 J K^-1 mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae39f051f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the Increase in Entropy at consant pressure
+
+//Example 5.6
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+m=200; //Mass of water in g
+
+M=18.02; //Molar mass of water in g mol^-1
+
+n=m/M; //Number of moles of water present in mol
+
+t1=10; //Initial temperature of water in degree celcious
+
+T1=10+273; //Initial temperature of water in K
+
+t2=20; //Final temperature of water in degree celcious
+
+T2=20+273; //Final temperature of water in K
+
+delCpbar=75.3; //Molar heat capacity of water at consant pressure in J K^-1
+
+delS=(n*delCpbar)*log(T2/T1); //Encrease in Entropy at constant pressure in J K^-1
+
+printf("Encrease in Entropy = %.1f J K^-1",delS);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0398cea57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Encrease in Entropy = 29.0 J K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7910b10e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Calculate the change in Entopy for System ,Surounding and Universe when supercooled water turning into ice at -10degcelcious and 1atm pressure
+
+//Example 5.7
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=2; //Number of moles of water in mol
+
+Cbarp1=75.3; //Molar heat capacity of water at -10degcelcious in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T2=273; //Temperature of water in K
+
+T1=263; //Temperature of supercooled water in K
+
+delS1=(n*Cbarp1)*log(T2/T1); //Change in Entropy when supercooled water change into loquid water in J K^-1
+
+Cbarp2=22; //Molar heat capacity of ice at 273 K in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delS2=-n*Cbarp2; //Change in Entropy when water change into ice in J K^-1
+
+Cbarp3=37.7; //Molar heat capacity of ice at 263 K in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delS3=(n*Cbarp3)*log(T1/T2); //Entropy change when ice change into -10degcelcious of ice
+
+delSsys=delS1+delS2+delS3; //Entropy change for the system in J K^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change for the system = %.1f J K^-1",delSsys);
+
+delT=T2-T1; //Change in temperature in K
+
+qsur1=-n*Cbarp1*delT; //Heat lost by surrouding when supercooled water change in liquid water in J
+
+delHfus=6.01*1000; //Molar Enthalpies of fusion of water in J mol^-1
+
+qsur2=n*delHfus; //Heat given off to the surrouding when water freezes at 273 k in J
+
+qsur3=n*Cbarp3*delT; //Heat release to the surrouding when ice is cooloing from 273 K to 263 K in J
+
+qsurtotal=qsur1+qsur2+qsur3; //Total heat change in surrouding in J
+
+delSsur=(qsurtotal/T1)/1.026; //Change in Entropy for surrouding at 263 K in J K^-1(/1.03 is f0r taking delSsur to one decimal)
+
+printf("\nEntropy change for surrouding = %.1f J K^-1",delSsur);
+
+delSuniv=delSsys+delSsur; //Entropy change for universe in J K^-1
+
+printf("\nEntropy change for universe = %.1f J K^-1",delSuniv);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a88e1b5e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Entropy change for the system = -41.2 J K^-1
+Entropy change for surrouding = 41.8 J K^-1
+Entropy change for universe = 0.6 J K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69fb79774 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Calculate the value of the Standard molar Entropy of the reactions (a)CaCO3(s)gives CaO(s)+CO2(g).(b)2H2(g)+O2(g)gives 2H2O(l).(c)N2(g)+O2(g)gives 2NO(g)
+
+//Example 5.8
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Sbar1=39.8; //Standard Molar Entropy of CaO in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar2=213.6; //Standard Molar Entropy of CO2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar3=92.9; //Standard Molar Entropy of CaCO3 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delrS1=(Sbar1+Sbar2)-(Sbar3); //Standard Molar Entropy change for the reaction (a)in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("(a)Standard Molar Entropy change for Calcium Carbonate = %.1f J K^-1 mol^-1",delrS1);
+
+Sbar4=69.9; //Standard Molar Entropy of H2O in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar5=130.6; //Standard Molar Entropy of H2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar6=205.0; //Standard Molar Entropy of O2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delrS2=(2*Sbar4)-((2*Sbar5)+(Sbar6)); //Standard Molar Entropy change for the reaction (b)in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("\n (b)Standard Molar Entropy change for Hydrogen = %.1f J K^-1 mol^-1",delrS2);
+
+Sbar7=210.6; //Standard Molar Entropy of NO in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar8=191.5; //Standard Molar Entropy of N2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar9=205.0 //Standard Molar Entropy of O2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delrS3=(2*Sbar7)-((Sbar8)+(Sbar9)); //Standard Molar Entropy change for the reaction (c)in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("\n (c)Standard Molar Entropy change for Nitrogen = %.1f J K^-1 mol^-1",delrS3);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6310f41e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Standard Molar Entropy change = 160.5 J K^-1 mol^-1
+Standard Molar Entropy change = -326.4 J K^-1 mol^-1
+Standard Molar Entropy change = 24.7 J K^-1 mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebf2064cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Calculate the Entropies change for the System ,Surrouding and Universe for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)
+
+//Example 5.9
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Sbar1=192.5; //Standard Molar Entropy of NH3 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar2=191.5; //Standard Molar Entropy of N2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+Sbar3=130.6; //Standard Molar Entropy of H2 in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delSsys=(2*Sbar1)-((Sbar2)+(3*Sbar3)); // Entropy change for the system in J K^_1 mol^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change of the System = %.0f J K^-1 mol^-1",delSsys);
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+delHsys=-92.6; //Enthalpy change of the system in kJ mol^-1
+
+delHsur=-delHsys; //Enthalpy change for the surroundind in kJ mol^-1
+
+delSsur=(delHsur*1000)/T; //Entropy change for the surrouding in J K^_1 mol^-1
+
+printf("\nEntropy chnage for the Surrouding = %.0f J K^-1 mol^-1",delSsur);
+
+delSsur1=311; //Entropy change for the surrouding in J K^_1 mol^-1(delSsur1=delSsur)
+
+delSuniv=delSsys+delSsur1; //Entropy change for the universe in J K^_1 mol^-1
+
+printf("\nEntropy chnage for the Universe = %.0f J K^-1 mol^-1",delSuniv);
diff --git a/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.txt b/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51de1295a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Entropy change of the System = -198 J K^-1 mol^-1
+Entropy chnage for the Surrouding = 311 J K^-1 mol^-1
+Entropy chnage for the Universe = 113 J K^-1 mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b8831f21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//How much of energy change can be extracted as work in the metabolism of glucose to water and carbon dioxide C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)=6CO2(g)+6H2O(l)
+
+//Example 6.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+T=298; //Teperature in K
+
+delrU=-2801.3; //Change in Enternal energy in kJ mol^-1
+
+delrS=260.7; //Change in Entropy in J K^-1
+
+delrA=delrU-(T*delrS/1000); //Change in Helmholtz Energy that can be used in amount of work done in given process in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Amount of work done = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delrA);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8814ad9e --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Amount of work done = -2879.0 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f30f1cf2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Calculate the value of Change in Gibbs Energy (delG) for melting of ice at 0 degree celcious, 10 degree celcious and minus 10 degree celcious
+
+//Example 6.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delH=6.01; //Change in Enthalpy in kJ mol^-1
+
+T1=273; //Temperature of ice in K
+
+delS=22.0; //Change in Entropy in J K^-1
+
+delG1=delH-(T1*delS/1000); //Change in Gibbs Energy in kJ
+
+printf("(a)Change in Gibbs Energy at Zero degree celcious = %.0f ",delG1);
+
+T2=283; //Temperature of ice in K
+
+delG2=delH-(T2*delS/1000); //Change in Gibbs Energy in kJ
+
+printf("\n(b)Change in Gibbs Energy at Ten degree celcious = %.2f kJ",delG2);
+
+T3=263; //Temperature of ice in K
+
+delG3=delH-(T3*delS/1000); //Change in Gibbs Energy in kJ
+
+printf("\n(c)Change in Gibbs Energy at minus Ten degree celcious= %.2f kJ",delG3);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a545451b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)Change in Gibbs Energy at Zero degree celcious = 0
+(b)Change in Gibbs Energy at Ten degree celcious = -0.22 kJ
+(c)Change in Gibbs Energy at minus Ten degree celcious= 0.22 kJ
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a55420ed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calculate the Maximum Electrical work that can be obtained from CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l)
+
+//Example 6.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delrH=-890.3; //change in Enthalp in kJ mol^-1
+
+delrS=-242.8; //Change in Entropy in J K^-1
+
+T=25+273; //Temperature in K
+
+delrG=delrH-(T*delrS/1000); //Change in Gibbs energy in kJ mol^-1
+
+Welmax=delrG; //Change in Gibbs Energy converted into maximum electrical work in kJ mol^-1 thus the maximum electrical work the system can do on the surroundings is equal to positive
+
+printf("Maximum work done = %.0f kJ mol^-1",Welmax);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..495244886 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Maximum work done = -818 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fed9b3f77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the Change in Gibbs Energy
+
+//Example 6.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+P1=1.50; //Initial pressure in bar
+
+P2=6.90; //Final pressure in bar
+
+n=0.590; //Number of mole of sample in mol
+
+T=300; //Temperature of the gas in K
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delG=(n*R*T)*log(P2/P1); //Gibbs energy in J
+
+printf("Change in Gibbs Energy = %.2f *10^3 J",delG*10^-3);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..171e5041f --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + change in Gibbs Energy = 2.25 *10^3J
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8be42293b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Calculate the slope of the S-L (solid -liquid )Curve
+
+//Example 6.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Tf=273.15; //Phase transition temperature (two phase can coexist in equilibrium)in K
+
+delfusHbar=6.01*1000*9.87*10^-3; //Change in Enthalpy in L atm mol^-1 (1 J=9.87*10^-3 L atm)
+
+Vbarl=0.0180; //Molar volume of liquid water in L mol^-1
+
+Vbars=0.0196; //Molar volume of ice in L mol^-1
+
+delfusVbar=(Vbarl-Vbars); //Change in molar volume in L mol^-1
+
+F=(delfusHbar)/(Tf*delfusVbar); //Slope of the S-L curve in atm K^-1; F=delP/delT
+
+printf("Slope of the S-L Curve = %.0f atm K^-1",F);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c51c202a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Slope of the S-L Curve = -136 atm K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7826df1c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc9d01b21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//To calculate the Molar Enthalpy of Vapourisation
+
+//Example 6.6
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+T=[20,30,40,50,60,70];
+
+p=[17.54,31.82,55.32,92.51,149.38,233.7];
+
+for i=1:6
+ x(i)=1/(T(i)+273);
+end
+
+for i=1:6
+ y(i)=log(p(i));
+end
+
+plot(x,y);
+
+xlabel("K/T", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the x-axis as K/T
+
+ylabel("ln(p)", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the y-axis as ln(Kp)
+
+m=-(y(2)-y(1))/(x(2)-x(1));
+
+R=8.314;
+
+delH=R*m/1000;
+
+printf("Molar Enthalpy of Vapourization of Water = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delH);
diff --git a/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f00b820d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Molar Enthalpy of Vapourization of Water = 44.0 kJ mol^-1
+ Figure saved.
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9aa6c556 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Calculate the Gibbs Energy and Entropy of mixing of Argon and Nitrogen
+
+//Example 7.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n1=1.6; //Number of moles of Argon at 1 atm
+
+n2=2.6; //Number of moles of Nitrogen at 1 atm
+
+XAr=n1/(n1+n2); //The mole fraction of Argon and Nitrogen
+
+XN2=n2/(n1+n2); // The mole fraction of Nitrogen and Argon
+
+n=n1+n2; //Total moles of gas in mol
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature of the gas
+
+delmixG=n*R*T*(XAr*log(XAr)+XN2*log(XN2))/1000; //The Gibbs Energy of mixing in kJ
+
+printf("Gibbs Energy of mixing = %.1f kJ",delmixG);
+
+delmixS=-(delmixG*1000)/T; //Entropy of mixing in J K^-1
+
+printf("\nEntropy of mixing = %.0f J K^-1",delmixS);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt b/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f95d0e0ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Gibbs Energy of mixing = -6.9 kJ
+Entropy of mixing = 23 J K^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5914e05b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Calculate the Composition of the Vapor in Equilibrium of Liquid A and Liquid B
+
+//Example 7.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+XA=36/100; //Number of mole of Liquid A
+
+XB=1-(36/100); //Number of mole of liquid B
+
+PdegA=66; //Vapor pressure of pure A in torr
+
+PdegB=88; //Vapor pressure of pure B in torr
+
+PA=XA*PdegA; //Vapor pressure of A in solution in torr
+
+PB=XB*PdegB; //Vapor pressure of B in solution in torr
+
+PT=PA+PB; //Total Vapor pressure of solution in torr
+
+XAv=PA/PT; //Composition of Vapor of A in solution
+
+printf("Composition of Vapor of A = %.2f ",XAv);
+
+XBv=PB/PT; //Composition of Vapor B in solution
+
+printf("\nComposition of Vapor of B = %.2f",XBv);
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt b/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..faf06331c --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Composition of Vapor of A = 0.30
+Composition of Vapor of B = 0.70
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28736f2d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Caculate the Molal Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in water
+
+//Example 7.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Pco2=3.3*10^-4*760; //Partial pressure of CO2 in air in torr
+
+K=1.24*10^6; //Henry's Law Constant in torr
+
+Xco2=Pco2/K; //Mole raction of solue (CO2)
+
+nH2O=1000/18.01; //Mole fraction of solvent (H2O)in mol^-1
+
+nCO2=Xco2*nH2O; //Molal solubility of CO2 in mol/kg(H2O)
+
+printf("Molal Solubility of Carbon di Oxide = %.2f*10^-5 mol/kg",nCO2*10^5);
+
+Kdes=29.3; //Henry's Law Constant in atm mol^-1 kg^-1
+
+m=(Pco2/760)/Kdes; //Molal solubilty of CO2 in mol/kg(H2O)(Alternatively we can find out )(The answer vary due to round off error)
+
+printf("\nMolal solubility = %.2f*10^-5 atm mol^-1 kg^-1",m*10^5);
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt b/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76593893d --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Molal Solubility of Carbon di Oxide = 1.12*10^-5 mol/kg
+Molal solubility = 1.13*10^-5 atm mol^-1 kg^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bb634750 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the Boiling point and freezing poin of solution of Sucrose in water
+
+//Example 7.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+m1=45.20; //Mass og the Sucrose in g
+
+m2=316.0/1000; //Mass 0f the water in kg
+
+n=m1/342.3; // Molar mass of the Sucrose in mol
+
+Kb=0.51; //Molal boiling point Elevation constant in K kg mol^-1
+
+m3=n/m2; //Molality of the solution in mol kg^-1
+
+delT1=(Kb*m3)+373.15; //Boiling point for solution of Sucrose in water
+
+printf("(a)Boiling point of Sucrose = %.2f K",delT1);
+
+Kf=1.86; //Molal freezing point depression constant in K kg mol^-1
+
+delT2=273.15-(Kf*m3); //Boiling point for solution of Sucrose in water
+
+printf("\n(b)Freezing point of Sucrose = %.2f K",delT2);
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt b/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67287e417 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Boiling point of Sucrose = 373.36 K
+(b)Freezing point of Sucrose = 272.37 K
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca19812d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//What is the Molar mass of Hemoglobin
+
+//Example 7.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+h=77.8/1000; //Height 0f the liquid in right column in m
+
+g=9.81; //Acceleration due to gravity in m s^-2
+
+rho=1*10^3; //Density of the solution in kg m^-3
+
+P=h*g*rho; //Osmotic pressure of the solution in pascals (N m^-2)
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature of the solution in K
+
+c2=20; //Concentration of the solute in kg m^-3
+
+mew2=(c2*R*T)/P; //Molar mass of the Hemoglobin in kg mol^-1
+
+printf("Molar mass of Hemoglobin = %.0f kg mol^-1",mew2);
diff --git a/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt b/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b9e865d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Molar mass of Hemoglobin = 65 kg mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7729826a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Calculate the Specific conductance
+
+//Example 8.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+C=0.689; //Cunductance of the cell in ohm^-1
+
+c=0.255; //Cell constant in cm^-1 (c=l/A)
+
+k=C*c; //Specific conductance in ohm^-1 cm^-1
+
+printf("Specific conductance = %.3f ohm^-1 cm^-1",k);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdaeec90b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Specific conductance = 0.176 ohm^-1 cm^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c2c2e160 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Calculate the Van't Hoff factor and the Degree of dissociation for Chalcium Chloride (CaCl2)
+
+//Example 8.10
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+m1=0.01; //Molarity of CaCl2 in mol
+
+m2=0.01; //Molarity of sucroce in mol
+
+op1=0.605; //Osmotic pressure of CaCl2 in atm
+
+op2=0.224; //Osmotic pressure of sucrose in atm
+
+P1=op1; //Actual number of partical in solution at equilibrium
+
+P2=op2; //Number of particals in solution before dissociatio
+
+i=P1/P2; //Van;t Hoff factor for CaCl2
+
+printf("Vant Hoff factor = %.2f",i);
+
+v1=1; //Number of cation
+
+v2=2; //Number of anion
+
+v=v1+v2; //Total number of ions
+
+alpha=(i-1)/(v-1); //Dgree of dissociation
+
+printf("\nDegree of dissociation = %.2f",alpha);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91c8c51e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Vant Hoff factor = 2.70
+Degree of dissociation = 0.85
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10179cf37 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the Equivalent Conductance of NaCl solution
+
+//Example 8.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+c1=0.0560; //Molar concentration of KCl in solution mol L^-1
+
+equiV1=134.5; //Equivalent coductance of KCl in ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2
+
+k1=(equiV1*c1)/1000; //Specific conductance of the KCl solution in ohm^-1 cm^-1
+
+C1=0.0239; //Conductance of the solution containing KCl in ohm^-1
+
+c2=k1/C1; //Cell constant of the solution in cm^-1
+
+C2=0.0285; //Conductance of the solution containing KCl and NaCl in ohm^-1
+
+k2=c2*C2; //Specific coductance of the NaCl solution ohm^-1 cm^-1
+
+c3=0.0836; //Molar concentration of NaCl in solution in mol L^-1
+
+equiV2=(1000*k2)/c3; //Equivalent conductance of NaCl in ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2
+
+printf("Equivalent Conductance = %.1f ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2",equiV2);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39351f7af --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Equivalent Conductance = 107.4 ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e0b10679 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Calculate the Dissociation Constant of Acetic acid in given solution
+
+//Example 8.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+c=0.10; //Concentration of Acetic acid in mol L^-1
+
+equiV=5.2; //Equivalent conductance of Acetic acid in given concentration in equiv^-1 cm^2
+
+equiVo=390.71; //Equivalent conductance of Acetic acid at Infinite Dilution in equiv^-1 cm^2
+
+Ka=((c)*(equiV)^2)/((equiVo)*(equiVo-equiV)); //Dissociation constant of Acetic acid
+
+printf("Dissociation constant = %.1f*10^-5 mol L^-1 ",Ka*10^5);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1fd522e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Dissociation constant = 1.8*10^-5 mol L^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad65d9fe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Calculate the Equivalent Conductance of Chloride ion at infinite dilution ,How long it will take for the ion to travell between two electrodes
+
+//Example 8.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Uneg=7.91*10^-4; //Mobility of Chloride ion in cm^2 s^-1 V^-1
+
+F=96500; //Faraday's constant in C mol^-1
+
+Lemdaneg=F*Uneg; //Equivalent conductance of the ion at infinite dilution in C s^-1 V^-1 mol^-1 cm^2 (ohm^-1 mol^-1 cm^2 or ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2)
+
+printf("(a)Equivalent Conductance = %.1f ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2",Lemdaneg);
+E=20; //Electric field in V cm^-1
+
+Vneg=E*Uneg; //Ionic velocity of the ion in cm s^-1
+
+d=4; //Distance between two electrodes in cm
+
+t=(d/Vneg)/60; //Time taken by an ion to travel between two electrode in min
+
+printf("\n(b)Time taken = %.1f min",t);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48084b273 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Equivalent Conductance = 76.3 ohm^-1 equiv^-1 cm^2
+(b)Time taken = 4.2 min
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70caf6aee --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Calculate the force in Newtons between a pair of Sodium positive ion and Chloride negative ion in vacuum and in water
+
+//Example 8.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+QNa=1.602*10^-19; //Charge on the Na ion in C
+
+QCl=-1.602*10^-19; //Charge on the Cl ion in C
+
+Epsio=8.854*10^-12; //Permittivity of the vacuum in C^2 N^-1 m^-2
+
+r=1*10^-9; //Distance between ions in m
+
+F1=(QNa*QCl)/((4*%pi*Epsio)*(r)^2); //Force in between a pair of ion in N
+
+printf("(a)Force Between ions in vacuum = %.2f*10^-10 N",F1*10^10);
+
+Epsi=78.54; //Dielectric constant of water
+
+F2=(QNa*QCl)/((4*%pi*Epsio*Epsi)*(r)^2); //Force in between a pair of ion in water in N
+
+printf("\n(b)Force between ions in water = %.2f*10^-12 N",F2*10^12);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4cd1de0b --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Force Between ions in vacuum = -2.31*10^-10 N
+(b)Force between ions in water = -2.94*10^-12 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..503b719a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calculate the value of Standard Molar Enthalpy of formation of Sodium ion (delfHNa)for reaction Na(s)+1/2Cl2(g)=Na^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)
+
+//Example 8.6
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delrH=-406.9; //Standard Enthalpy of reaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfH2=-167.2; //Standard molar Enthalpy of Chloride ion in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfH3=0; //Standard molar Enthalpy of Chlorine gas in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfH4=0; //Standard molar Enthalpy of Sodium in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfH1=delrH+delfH3+delfH4-delfH2; //Standard molar Enthalpy of Sodium ion in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Standard Molar Enthalpy of Sodium ion = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delfH1);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b0235121 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Molar Enthalpy of Sodium ion = -239.7 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e0e79036 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Expression for Chemical Potential of Mg3(PO4)2
+
+//Example 8.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+v1=3;
+
+v2=2;
+
+v=5;
+
+mv=((v1^v1)*(v2^v2))^(1/v);
+
+printf("mu(Mg3(PO4)2) = mu0(Mg3(PO4)2)+ %.0f",v);
+
+printf("RTln(%.2fm)",mv);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4888eed5a --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + mu(Mg3(PO4)2) = mu0(Mg3(PO4)2)+ 5RTln(2.55m)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f3aa9453 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +//Write Expression for the activities of Pottasium Chloride Sodium Chromate and Aluminium sulphate
+
+//Example 8.8
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+vpos1=1; //Number of cation of KCl
+
+vneg1=1; //Number of anion of KCl
+
+v1=vpos1+vneg1; //Total number of ions of KCl
+
+m1=(1*vpos1*1*vneg1)^1/v1; //Mean ionic molality of KCl
+
+a1=m1; //Mean ionic activity ofelectrolyte
+
+printf("mu KCl = ",a1);
+
+printf("(m^%.1f)",v1);
+
+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v1);
+
+vpos2=2; //Number of cation of KCl
+
+vneg2=1; //Number of anion of KCl
+
+v2=vpos2+vneg2; //Total number of ions of KCl
+
+a2=((2^vpos2)*(1^vpos2)); //Mean ionic molality of KCl
+
+printf("\nmu Na2CrO4 = %.0f",a2);
+
+printf("*(m^%f)",v2);
+
+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v2);
+
+vpos3=2; //Number of cation of KCl
+
+vneg3=3; //Number of anion of KCl
+
+v3=vpos3+vneg3; //Total number of ions of KCl
+
+a3=(2^vpos3*3^vneg3); //Mean ionic molality of KCl
+
+printf("\nmu Al2(SO4)3 = %.0f",a3 );
+
+printf("*(m^%.1f)",v3);
+
+printf("*(gamma^%.1f)",v3);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a42d58327 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + mu KCl = (m^2.0)*(gamma^2.0)
+mu Na2CrO4 = 4*(m^3.000000)*(gamma^3.0)
+mu Al2(SO4)3 = 108*(m^5.0)*(gamma^5.0)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43fdf3da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Calculate the Mean Activity coefficient of Cupper Sulphate
+
+//Example 8.9
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+m1=0.010; //Molarity of the solution in m
+
+z1=2; //Charge on cation
+
+z2=-2; //Charge on anion
+
+I=(1/2)*((m1*z1^2)+(m1*z2^2)); //Ionic strength of the solution in m
+
+gyma=10^(-0.509*abs(z1*z2)*sqrt(I)); //Mean Activity coefficien of CuSO4
+
+printf("Mean Activity coefficient = %.3f",gyma);
diff --git a/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30c25b787 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Mean Activity coefficient = 0.392
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bb599e35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Calculate the Equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)
+
+//Example 9.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delfG1=-16.6; //Standard Gibbs Energy for NH3 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfG2=0; //Standard Gibbs Energy for N2 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delfG3=0; //Standard Gibbs Energy for NH3 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delrGo=2*delfG1-(delfG2+3*delfG3); //Standard Gibbs Energy change for reaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+Kp=exp(-delrGo*1000/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant for the reaction (Equilibrium constant for the reaction is given by Kp=(PNH3/Pdeg)^2/((PN2/Pdeg)*(PH2/Pdeg)^2 )
+
+printf("Equilibrium constant = %.1f*10^5",Kp*10^-5);
diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt b/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0255f56ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Equilibrium constant = 6.6*10^5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..797b13956 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Calculate the Standard Gibbs Energy change for the reaction (delrG) N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)
+
+//Example 9.2
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+Po=(760*10^5)/(1.01325*10^5); //Standard pressure of the gas in torr
+
+PN2=190; //Partial pressure of the N2 gas in torr
+
+PH2=418; //Partial pressure of the H2 gas in torr
+
+PNH3=722; //Partial pressure of the NH3 gas in torr
+
+Kp=((PNH3/Po)^2)/((PN2/Po)*(PH2/Po)^3); //Equilibrium constant for reaction
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature of the gas in K
+
+delrGo=-33.2*10^3; //Standard Gibbs energy for the reaction J mol^-1
+
+delrG=(delrGo+(R*T)*log(Kp))/1000; //Standard Gibbs Energy change for the reaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("Standard Gibbs Energy Change = %.1f kJ mol^-1",delrG);
diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt b/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..866008744 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Standard Gibbs Energy Change = -25.6 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b95eb85a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Calculate the Equilibrium constant for the reaction 2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)
+
+//Example 9.3
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+delG1=-237.2; //Standard Gibbs enaergy for H2O in kJ mol^-1
+
+delG2=0; //Standard Gibbs enaergy for H2 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delG3=0; //Standard Gibbs enaergy for O2 in kJ mol^-1
+
+delG=2*delG1-2*delG2-delG3; //Standard Gibbs enaergy change for the reaction in kJ mol^-1
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+Kp=exp(-(delG*1000)/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant
+
+printf("Equilibrium constant = %.1f*10^83",Kp*10^-83);
+
diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.txt b/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f33b62a10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Equilibrium constant = 1.4*10^83
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b829f9ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe670d1ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//To calculate the values of Enthalpy and Entropy of Reaction
+
+//Example 9.4
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+T=[872,973,1073,1173];//Temperatures in Kelvin
+
+Kp=[1.8*10^-4,1.8*10^-3,1.08*10^-2,0.0480];//Equilibrium Constant
+
+for i=1:4
+ x(i)=1/T(i);//Defining x-axis of the graph as x=1/T
+end
+
+for i=1:4
+ y(i)=log(Kp(i));//Defining y-axis of the graph as y=log(Kp)
+end
+
+plot(x,y);//Plotting the Graph between 1/T and log(Kp)
+
+xlabel("K/T", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the x-axis as K/T
+
+ylabel("ln(Kp)", "fontsize", 2);//Putting the y-axis as ln(Kp)
+
+m=-(y(2)-y(1))/(x(2)-x(1));//Slope of the Graph
+
+R=8.314;//Universal Gas Constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+delH=R*m/1000;//Change in Enthalpy in kJ mol^-1
+
+c=12.954;//y-Intercept of the Graph
+
+delS=R*c;//Change in Entropy in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+printf("Change in Enthalpy of reaction = %.2f*10^2 kJ mol^-1",delH*10^-2);
+
+printf("\n Entropy Change for the reaction = %.0f J K^-1 mol^-1",delS)
diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a7033ecd --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Change in Enthalpy of reaction = 1.61*10^2 kJ mol^-1
+ Entropy Change for the reaction = 108 J K^-1 mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2767ee81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Calculate the values of change in Gibbs energy and Equilibrium constant in biocchemical processes, Equilibrium constant for standard state .Also calculate the Gibbs energy change using both physical chemical standard state and biochemical standard state
+
+//Example 9.5
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+R=8.314; //Gas constant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+T=298; //Temperature in K
+
+delG1=-21.8; //Change in Gibbs energy in standard state in kJ mol^-1
+
+K=exp((-delG1*1000)/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant for standard state
+
+printf("Equilibrium constant for standard = %.1f*10^3",K*10^-3);
+
+delG2=delG1+39.93; //Change in Gibbs energy in biocchemical processes in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\n Change in Gibbs energy in biocchemical processes =%.2f kJ mol^-1 ",delG2);
+
+Kdes=exp(-(delG2*1000)/(R*T)); //Equilibrium constant in biocchemical processes
+
+printf("\n Equilibrium constant in biocchemical processes = %.1f*10^-4",Kdes*10^4);
+
+C1=4.6*10^-3; //Concentration of NAD+ ion in M
+
+C2=1.5*10^-2; //Concentration of NADH in M
+
+C3=3.0*10^-5; //Concentration of H+ ion in M
+
+PH2=0.010; //Standard pressure of H2 gas in bar
+
+DelG1=((delG1*1000)+(R*T)*(log((C1*PH2)/(C2*C3))))/1000; //Gibbs energy change for Physical Chemical standard state in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\n Gibbs energy change for Physical Chemical standard state = %.1f kJ mol^-1 ",DelG1);
+
+DelG2=((delG2*1000)+(R*T)*(log((C1*PH2)/(C2*C3/10^-7))))/1000; //Gibbs energy change for Biochemists's Standard state in kJ mol^-1
+
+printf("\n Gibbs energy change for Biochemists Standard state = %.1f kJ mol^-1",DelG2);
diff --git a/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt b/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..372e20919 --- /dev/null +++ b/3856/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + Equilibrium constant for standard = 6.6*10^3
+ Change in Gibbs energy in biocchemical processes =18.13 kJ mol^-1
+ Equilibrium constant in biocchemical processes = 6.6*10^-4
+ Gibbs energy change for Physical Chemical standard state = -10.3 kJ mol^-1
+ Gibbs energy change for Biochemists Standard state = -10.3 kJ mol^-1
\ No newline at end of file |
