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+//Calculate the Entropy change when Ideal gas are expand to Isothermaly ,Estimate the probability that the gas will contract spontaneously from the final volume to initial volume
+
+//Example 5.1
+
+clc;
+
+clear;
+
+n=2;  //Number of moles of gas in mol
+
+R=8.314;  //Gas consant in J K^-1 mol^-1
+
+V2=2.4;  //final volume of the gas in L
+
+V1=1.5;  //initial volume of the gas in L
+
+delS=n*R*log(V2/V1);  //Entropy change in J K^-1
+
+printf("Entropy change = %.1f J K^-1",delS);
+
+Kb=1.381*10^-23;  //Boltzman's constant in J K^-1
+
+r=exp(-delS/Kb);  //probability for spontaneous contraction=W1/W2 (Probability for spontaneous contraction is zero  butit must be with the aid of external force)
+
+printf("\nProbability for spontaneous contraction = %.0f",r);