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| author | prashantsinalkar | 2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | prashantsinalkar | 2017-10-10 12:27:19 +0530 |
| commit | 7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6 (patch) | |
| tree | dbb9e3ddb5fc829e7c5c7e6be99b2c4ba356132c /3574 | |
| parent | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (diff) | |
| download | Scilab-TBC-Uploads-7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6.tar.gz Scilab-TBC-Uploads-7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6.tar.bz2 Scilab-TBC-Uploads-7f60ea012dd2524dae921a2a35adbf7ef21f2bb6.zip | |
initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '3574')
208 files changed, 4334 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..13b4685b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb69bd981 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.2/EX1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Example 1.2
+// Computation of (a) Current in the coil (b) Magnetic potential difference across R3
+// (c) Flux in R2
+//Page No. 13
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+phi=0.250; // Flux in Wb
+R1=10500; // First magnetic circuit parameter
+R2=40000; // Second magnetic circuit parameter
+R3=30000; // Third magnetic circuit parameter
+N=140; // Number of turns of copper wire
+
+// (a) Current in the coil
+RParr=(R2*R3)/(R2+R3); // Parallel resistance
+Rckt=R1+RParr; // Circuit resistance
+I=(phi*Rckt)/N;
+
+// (b) Magnetic potential difference across R3
+F1=phi*R1; // Magnetic drop across R1
+F3=(I*N)-F1; // Flux across R3
+
+//(c) flux in R2
+phi2=F3/R2;
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Current in the coil = %0.2f A ",I);
+printf("\n Magnetic potential difference across R3 = %0.2f A-t ",F3);
+printf("\n Flux in R2 (Wb) = %0.4f Wb ",phi2);
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.3/EX1_3.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.3/EX1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58d6f81ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.3/EX1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 1.3
+// Computation of hysteresis loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz source
+//Page No. 16
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+V=240; // Rated voltage
+F1=25; // Rated frequency
+Ph2=846; // hysteresis loss
+F2=60; // Source Frequency
+Bmax1=0.62 // Flux density is 62 percent of its rated value 1
+Bmax2=1.0 // Flux density is 62 percent of its rated value 2
+Sc=1.4 // Steinmetz exponents
+
+// hysteresis loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz source
+Ph1=Ph2*[(F2/F1)*(Bmax1/Bmax2)^Sc];
+Ph1=Ph1/1000;
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Hysteresis loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz source = %0.2f kW",Ph1);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a218355d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4378f4a94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2961d9002 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.4/EX1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Example 1.4
+// Computation of magnitude of the developed torque
+// Page No. 21
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ebat=36; // Battery voltage
+R=4; // Combined resistance of the coil
+B=0.23; // Flux density
+L=0.3; // Length of the coil
+d=0.60; // Distance between centre of each conductor and centre
+// of each shaft
+beta_skew=15 // Skew angle
+
+// Magnitude of the developed torque
+alpha=90-beta_skew;
+I=Ebat/R;
+T=2*B*I*(L*sind(alpha))*d; // Magnitude of the developed torque
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Magnitude of the developed torque = %0.2f N.m ",T);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..beb337a28 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..763d820d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.5/EX1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 1.5
+// Computation of length of conductor
+// Page No. 25
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+e=2.5; // Voltage generated
+B=1.2; // Magnetic field
+v=8.0; // Speed
+
+// Length of conductor (e=B*l*v)
+l=e/(B*v);
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Length of conductor = %0.2f m ",l);
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..57faa9618 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b0c1747c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.6/EX1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 1.6
+// Computation of (a) Frequency (b) Pole flux
+// Page No. 27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+w=36; // Angular frequency
+E=24.2; // Voltage
+pi=3.14;
+N=6; // Number of turns of rotor
+
+// (a) frequency
+f=w/(2*pi); // Relation between angular frequency and frequency
+
+// (b) pole flux
+Erms=E/sqrt(2);
+phimax = Erms/(4.44*f*N); // Relation to find pole flux
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Frequency = %0.4f Hz ",f);
+printf("\n Pole flux = %0.2f Wb ",phimax);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0db432da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f6810843 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.7/EX1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 1.7
+// Computation of eddy current loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz
+//source
+// Page No. 29
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+V=240; // Rated voltage
+F1=25; // Rated frequency
+Pe1=642; // Eddy current loss
+F2=60; // Source Frequency
+Bmax1=1.0 // Flux density is 62 percent of its rated value
+Bmax2=0.62 // Flux density is 62 percent of its rated value
+
+// Eddy current loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz source
+Pe2=Pe1*[(F2/F1)^2*(Bmax2/Bmax1)^2];
+Pe2=Pe2/1000;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Eddy current loss if the apparatus is connected to a 60 Hz source = %0.2f kW ",Pe2);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e66316c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dff0305b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.8/EX1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 1.8
+// Computation of (a) Number of cycles per revolution (b) Number of electrical
+// degrees per revolution (c) Frequency in hertz
+// Page No. 31
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+P=80; // Number of poles
+rpers=20; // Revolutions per second
+
+// (a) Number of cycles per revolution
+n=P/2;
+
+// (b) Number of electrical degrees per revolution
+Elecdeg=360*P/2;
+
+// (c) Frequency in hertz
+f=P*rpers/2;
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Number of cycles per revolution = %0.0f cycles ",n);
+printf("\n Number of electrical degrees per revolution = %0.0f ",Elecdeg);
+printf("\n Frequency in hertz = %0.0f Hz ",f);
diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.png b/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..88bebef66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.sce b/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc3a99e76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH1/EX1.9/EX1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Example 1.9
+// Computation of (a) Frequency of the generated emf (b) Speed of the rotor
+//Page No. 31
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Erms=100; // Voltage generated in armature coil
+N=15; // Number of turns in armature coil
+phimax=0.012; // Flux per pole
+P=4; // Number of poles
+
+// (a) frequency of the generated emf
+f=Erms/(4.44*N*phimax);
+
+// (b) speed of the rotor
+n=2*f/P;
+nmin=n*60;
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Frequency of the generated emf = %0.0f Hz ",f);
+printf("\n Speed of the rotor = %0.2f r/s",n);
+printf("\n Speed of the rotor = %0.0f r/min",nmin);
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3382725cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b68da3e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.1/EX10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 10.1
+// Computation of (a) Induced emf (b) Frequency of the rectangular voltage
+// wave in the armature winding
+// Page No. 394
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+E1=136.8; // Generated emf
+P=6; // Number of poles
+n=1180; // Operating speed of machine
+
+// (a) Induced emf
+
+E2=E1*0.75*2;
+
+// (b) Frequency of the rectangular voltage wave in the armature winding
+
+f=P*n*0.75/120;
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Induced emf = %0.1f V ",E2);
+printf("\n Frequency of the rectangular voltage wave = %0.2f Hz ",f);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e00828fae --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ce9d7c99 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.10/EX10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +// Example 10.10
+// Computation of (a) Mechanical power developed (b) Torque developed
+// (c) Shaft torque
+// Page No.427
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+T=40; // Hp rating of motor
+Rf=95.3; // Field resistance
+VT=240; // Rated voltade of the machine
+IT=140; // Total current
+Racir=0.0873; // Armature circuit resistance
+n=2500; // Rated speed of the machine
+
+
+// (a) The mechanical power developed
+
+If=VT/Rf; // Field winding current
+Ia1=IT-If; // Armature current
+Ea=VT-Ia1*Racir; // Armature emf
+Pmech=Ea*Ia1; // Mechanical power
+Pmechhp=Ea*Ia1/746;
+
+// (b) Torque developed
+
+TD=7.04*Ea*Ia1/n;
+
+// (c) Shaft torque
+
+Tshaft=T*5252/n;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Mechanical power developed= %0.0f W ",Pmech);
+printf("\n Mechanical power developed= %0.1f hp ",Pmechhp);
+printf("\n Torque developed = %0.1f lb-ft ",TD);
+printf("\n Shaft torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tshaft);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6176e9903 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff1d72fb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.11/EX10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +// Example 10.11
+// Determine (a) Electrical losses (b) Rotational losses (c) Efficiency
+// Page No. 430
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+T=124; // Hp rating of motor
+Rf=32.0; // Field resistance
+VT=240; // Rated voltade of the machine
+IT=420; // Total current
+Ra=0.00872; // Armature resistance
+RipRcw=0.0038; // Resistance of interpolar winding and compensating windings
+Pout=92504;
+Vb=2.0; // Rated speed of the machine
+Racir=Ra+RipRcw;
+
+// (a) Electrical losses
+
+If=VT/Rf; // Field current
+Ia=IT-If; // Armature current
+Pf=If^2*Rf; // Field power
+Paipcw=Ia^2*(Ra+RipRcw);
+Pb=Vb*Ia; // Brush loss power
+Plosses=Pf+Paipcw+Pb; // Total power loss
+
+// (b) Rotational losses
+
+Ea=VT-(Ia*Racir)-Vb; // Armature emf
+Pmech=Ea*Ia; // Mechanical power
+Pshaft=T*746; // Shaft power
+Protational=Pmech-Pshaft;
+
+// (c) Ffficiency
+
+eeta=Pout/(VT*IT)*100;
+
+// Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Electrical losses = %0.1f W ",Plosses);
+printf("\n Rotational losses = %0.0f W ",Protational);
+printf("\n Efficiency = %0.1f Percent ",eeta);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1cba1864c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc03509fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.12/EX10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Example 10.12
+// Determine (a) Rated torque (b) Armature current at locked rotor if no
+// starting resistance is used (c) External resistance required in the armature
+// circuit that would limit the current and develop 200 percent rated torque
+// when starting (d) Assuming the system voltage drops to 215V, determine the
+// locked rotor torque using the external resistor in (c)
+// Page No. 433
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+n=1750; // Rotor speed
+P=15; // Hp rating of motor
+VT=230; // Rated voltade of the machine
+Ea=0;
+Racir=0.280; // Armature circuit loss
+Rf=137; // Field resistance
+ItRated=56.2; // Total current drawn
+VT1=215; // Rated voltage after drop
+
+// (a) Rated torque
+Trated=P*5252/n;
+
+// (b) Armature current
+Ia=(VT-Ea)/Racir;
+
+// (c) External resistance required
+If=VT/Rf; // Field current
+IaRated=ItRated-If; // Rated armature current
+
+Ia2=IaRated*2; // Armature current for 200% rated torque
+
+Rx=((VT-Ea)/Ia2)-Racir; // External resistance required
+
+// (d) Locked rotor torque
+If215=VT1/Rf; // Field current at 215V
+Ia215=(VT1-Ea)/(Racir+Rx); // Armature current at 215V
+TD2=Trated*( (If215*Ia215) / (If*IaRated) );
+
+// Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Rated torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Trated);
+printf("\n Armature current = %0.1f A ",Ia);
+printf("\n Armature current for 200 percent rated torque = %0.1f A ",Ia2);
+printf("\n External resistance required = %0.2f Ohm ",Rx);
+printf("\n Locked rotor torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",TD2);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fc7b8ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e32a71448 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.2/EX10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 10.2
+// Computation of rheostat setting required to obtain an induced emf of 290 V
+// Page No. 399
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ebat=240; // Induced emf
+If=8.9; // Field current
+Rf=10.4; // Field resistance
+
+// Rheostat setting required to obtain an induced emf of 290 V
+
+Rrheo=(Ebat/If)-Rf;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Rheostat setting to obtain an induced emf of 290 V = %0.2f ",Rrheo);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1549b260 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c175ea87 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.3/EX10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 10.3
+// Computation of no-load voltage if the voltage regulation is 2.3 percent
+// Page No. 401
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Vrated=240; // Rated voltage
+VR=0.023; // Voltage regulation
+
+
+// No-load voltage if the voltage regulation is 2.3 percent
+
+Vnl=Vrated*(1+VR);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n No-load voltage if the voltage regulation is 2.3 percent = %0.1f V ",Vnl);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e3a6011a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6156c6d4a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.4/EX10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 10.4
+// Computation of percentage reduction in field flux required to obtain a
+// speed of 1650 r/min while drawing an armature current of 50.4 A.
+// Page No. 405
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+VT=240; // Induced emf
+R=95.2; // Shunt field resistance
+IT=72; // Total current
+Ra=0.242; // Armature resistance
+Ia2=50.4; // Armature current
+n1=850; // Rated speed of shunt motor
+n2=1650; // Speed of armature winding
+
+
+// Percentage reduction in field flux
+
+If1=VT/R; // Field current
+Ia1=IT-If1; // Armature current
+Ea1=VT-Ia1*Ra; // Armature emf
+Ea2=VT-Ia2*Ra;
+phip2=(n1/n2)*(Ea2/Ea1);
+PerRed=(phip2-1)*100;
+
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Percentage reduction in field flux = %0.1f Percent ",PerRed);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a829ea32b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cb91c4da --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.5/EX10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Example 10.5
+// Computation of no-load speed
+// Page No. 408
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+nrated=1750; // Rated speed
+SR=4; // Speed regulation
+
+// No-load speed
+
+Snl=nrated*(1+SR/100);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n No-load speed = %0.0f r/min ",Snl);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b8439e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b51b04226 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.6/EX10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 10.6
+// Computation of Induced emf
+// Page No. 418
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+P=25000; // Power of the generator
+VT=250; // Rated voltade of the machine
+Ra=0.1053; // Armature resistance
+Rip=0.0306; // Resistance of interpolar winding
+Rcw=0.0141; // Resistance of compensating windings
+
+
+// Induced emf
+Ia=P/VT; // Armature current
+Racir=Ra+Rip+Rcw; // Resistance of armature circuit
+Ea=VT+Ia*Racir; // Induced emf
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Induced emf = %0.0f V ",Ea);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3c45d357 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b974ffbf --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.7/EX10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 10.7
+// Computation of cemf
+// Page No. 418
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Rf=408.5; // Field resistance
+VT=500; // Rated voltade of the machine
+IT=51.0; // Total current
+Ra=0.602; // Armature resistance
+Ripcw=0.201; // Resistance of interpolar winding and compensating windings
+
+// Induced emf
+If=VT/Rf; // Current
+Ia=IT-If; // Armature current
+Racir=Ra+Ripcw; // Resistance of armature circuit
+Ea=VT-Ia*Racir;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Induced emf = %0.0f V ",Ea);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fa664da6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7887bb64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.8/EX10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Example 10.8
+// Computation of new armature current
+// Page No. 420
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Rf=120; // Resistance of inserted resistor
+VT=240; // Rated voltade of the machine
+IT=91; // Total current
+Racir=0.221; // Armature sircuit resistance
+n2=634; // New speed after resistor was inserted
+n1=850; // Rated speed OF THE MACHINE
+Rx=2.14; // Resistance inserted in series witH armature
+
+// New armature current
+
+If=VT/Rf; // Resistor current
+Ia1=IT-If; // Armature current
+Ia2=(VT-(n2/n1)*(VT-Ia1*Racir))/(Racir+Rx);
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n New armature current = %0.2f A ",Ia2);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.png b/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0330aebb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.sce b/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adc960536 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH10/EX10.9/EX10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Example 10.9
+// Computation of (a) Steady state armature current if a rheostat in the
+// shunt field circuit reduces flux in air gap to 75% of its rated value
+// (b) Steady state speed for the conditions in (a)
+// Page No. 421
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Rf=160; // Field resistance
+VT=240; // Rated voltade of the machine
+IT=37.5; // Total current
+Ra=0.213; // Armature resistance
+Rip=0.092; // Resistance of interpolar winding
+Rcw=0.065; // Resistance of compensating windings
+n1=2500; // Rated speed of the machine
+
+
+// (a) At rated conditions
+
+If=VT/Rf; // Field current
+Ia1=IT-If; // Armature current
+Ia2=Ia1*0.50*1/0.75;
+
+// (b) steady state speed for the above mentioned conditions
+
+Racir=Ra+Rip+Rcw;
+
+n2=n1*(VT-(Ia2*(1+Racir)))/0.75*(1/(VT-(Ia1*Racir)));
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Steady state armature current = %0.1f A ",Ia2);
+printf("\n Steady state speed = %0.0f r/min ",n2);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..41090fb3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca732ced8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.1/EX11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +// Example 11.1
+// Computation of (a) The armature current when operating at rated conditions
+// (b) The resistance and power rating of an external resistance required in
+// series with the shunt field circuit to operate at 125 percent rated speed
+// Page No. 448
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+HP=40; // hp rating of the device
+Perratedload=0.902; // Percentage rated load
+VT=240; // Voltage value of motor
+RF=99.5; // Resistance of shunt motor
+Nf=1231; // Turns per pole of the shunt motor
+Ra=0.0680; // Armature resistance
+RIP=0.0198; // Interpole winding resistance
+Rs=0.00911; // Resistance of series field winding
+Bp1=0.70; // Flux density for a net mmf
+n1=1150; // Speed of shunt motor
+
+// (a) The armature current when operating at rated conditions
+P=HP*746/Perratedload;
+IT=P/VT; // Total current
+IF=VT/RF; // Field current
+Ia=IT-IF;
+
+// (b) The resistance and power rating of an external resistance required in
+// series with the shunt field circuit to operate at 125 percent rated speed
+
+Fnet=Nf*IF; // Corresponding mmf from magnetization curve
+Racir=Ra+RIP+Rs;
+n2=n1*1.25; // 125 percent rated speed
+// Shaft load is adjusted to value that limits the armature current to 115%
+// of rated current
+Bp2=Bp1*(n1/n2)*((VT-Ia*Racir*1.15)/(VT-Ia*Racir))
+FF=2.3*1000;
+IF1=FF/Nf;
+Rx=(VT/IF1)-RF;
+PRx=(IF1^2)*Rx;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n The armature current = %0.2f A ",Ia);
+printf("\n The resistance rating = %0.1f Ohm ",Rx);
+printf("\n The power rating = %0.1f W ",PRx);
+
+//Note: Answer varies due to round-off errors
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0613656a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06a26749e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.2/EX11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +// Example 11.2
+// Computation of (a) Shunt field current (b) Armature current (c) Developed
+// torque (d) Armature current if a resistor inserted in series with the shunt
+// field circuit caused the speed to increase to 900 r/min (e) External
+// resistance required in series with the shunt field circuit to operate
+// at 900 r/min
+// Page No. 450
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+HP=125;
+perratedload=0.854; // Percentage rated load
+VT=240; // Voltage value of motor
+RF=49.2; // Resistance of shunt motor
+Nf=577; // Turns per pole of the shunt motor
+Ns=4.5;
+Ra=0.0172; // Armature resistance
+RIP=0.005; // Interpole winding resistance
+Rs=0.0023; // Resistance of series field winding
+n1=850; // Speed of shunt motor
+n2=900;
+F2=4000;
+
+// (a) Shunt field current
+
+IF=VT/RF; // Field current
+
+// (b) Armature current
+Pin=HP*746/perratedload; // Input power
+IT=Pin/VT; // Total current
+Ia1=IT-IF;
+
+// (c) Developed torque
+
+Racir=Ra+RIP+Rs;
+Ea=VT-Ia1*Racir; // Armature emf
+Pmech=Ea*Ia1; // Mechanical power
+TD=Pmech*5252/n1/746; // Torque developed
+
+// (d) Armature current if a resistor inserted in series with the shunt field
+// circuit caused the speed to increase to 900 r/min
+
+Ia2=Ia1*n2/n1;
+
+//(e) External resistance required in series with the shunt field circuit to
+// operate at 900 r/min
+IF2=(F2-0.90*Ns*Ia2)/Nf;
+Rx=(VT/IF2)-RF;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Shunt field current = %0.2f A ",IF);
+printf("\n Armature current = %0.2f A ",Ia1);
+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",TD);
+printf("\n Armature current if a resistor inserted in series = %0.0f A ",Ia2);
+printf("\n External resistance required = %0.1f Ohm ",Rx);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1fc4d3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c05d467ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.3/EX11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Example 11.3
+// Computation of Speed if the load is reduced to a value that causes the
+// armature current to be 30 percent of the rated current
+// Page No.453
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+HP=100;
+perratedload=0.896; // Percentage rated load
+VT=240; // Voltage value of motor
+Ns=14; // Number of turns/pole in series field
+Ra=0.0202; // Armature resistance
+RIP=0.00588; // Interpole winding resistance
+Rs=0.00272; // Resistance of series field winding
+n1=650; // Speed of shunt motor
+Bp2=0.34; // Air gap flux density from magnetization curve
+Bp1=0.87; // Air gap flux density from magnetization curve
+
+// Computation of Speed if the load is reduced to a value that causes the
+// armature current to be 30 percent of the rated current
+
+Pin=HP*746/perratedload; // Input power
+IT=Pin/VT; // Total current
+Ia=IT; // Armature current
+
+Racir=Ra+RIP+Rs; // Resistance of armature circuit
+Fnet1=Ns*Ia*(1-0.080); // Net mmf
+Fnet2=0.30*Fnet1; // Net mmf from magnetization curve
+n2=n1/((VT-(Ia*Racir))/Bp1 * Bp2/(VT-(0.30*Ia*Racir)));
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Speed of the motor = %0.0f r/min ",n2);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..031d30f07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78507c3d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.4/EX11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Example 11.4
+// Computation of resistance using linear approximation and values are
+// compared with results obtained in example 11.1
+// Page No. 456
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+HP=40; // hp rating of the device
+%ratedload=0.902; // Percentage rated load
+VT=240; // Voltage value of motor
+RF=99.5; // Resistance of shunt motor
+Nf=1231; // Turns per pole of the shunt motor
+Ra=0.0680; // Armature resistance
+RIP=0.0198; // Interpole winding resistance
+Rs=0.00911; // Resistance of series field winding
+Bp1=0.70; // Flux density for a net mmf
+n1=1150; // Speed of shunt motor
+n2=1.25*n1;
+IT=137.84;
+// Computation of resistance using linear approximation and values are
+// compared with results obtained in example 11.1
+
+IF=VT/RF; // Field current
+Ia1=IT-IF; // Armature current
+Fnet1=Nf*IF; // Net mmf
+Racir=Ra+RIP+Rs; // Armature circuit resistance
+Fnet2=Fnet1*(n1/n2)*((VT-Ia1*Racir*1.15)/(VT-Ia1*Racir));
+IF1=Fnet2/Nf; // Field current
+Rx=(VT/IF1)-RF; // External resistance required
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n The resistance rating of an external resistance = %0.2f Ohm ",Rx);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..70104ec7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..445f68dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.5/EX11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Example 11.5
+// Computation using linear approximation to show the gross error that occurs
+// when a linear assumption is applied to compound motors operating at overload
+// conditions
+// Page No. 456
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Nf=577; // Turns per pole of the shunt motor
+IF=4.88; // Field current
+Ns=4.5;
+IA=450.09; // Armature current
+F2=4367.8; // mmf
+VT=240; // Voltage value of motor
+RF=49.2; // Resistance of shunt motor
+HP=125;
+perratedload=0.854; // Percentage rated load
+Rx1=17.8; // Value of resistance in Example 11.2
+
+
+Fnet1=(Nf*IF)+ (0.90 * Ns*IA);
+Ia2=Fnet1*IA/F2; // Armature current
+
+If2=(F2 - Ns*Ia2*0.90)/Nf;
+Rx=(VT/If2)-RF; // External resistance required
+
+// Error introduced by linear approximation
+PE=(17.8-Rx)/17.8*100;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n External resistance required in series = %0.2f Ohm ",Rx);
+printf("\n Error introduced by linear approximation = %0.1f Percent ",PE);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..64e45fd2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b232dae94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.6/EX11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example 11.6
+// Determine (a) Torque developed when operating at rated speed (b) Developed
+// torque required at half rated speed (c) Armature voltage required for half
+// rated speed
+// Page No. 460
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+
+VT=750; // Voltage value of motor
+Nf=1231; // Turns per pole of the shunt motor
+Ra=0.00540; // Armature resistance
+RIPcw=0.00420; // Interpole winding resistance
+N=955; // Speed of shunt motor
+Ia1=1675; // Armature current
+
+// (a) Torque developed when operating at rated speed
+
+Racir=Ra+RIPcw;
+Ea=VT-Ia1*Racir;
+Pmech=Ea*Ia1;
+TD=Pmech*5252/N/746;
+
+// (b) Developed torque required at half rated speed
+
+T2=TD*(0.5*N/N)^2;
+
+// (c) Armature voltage required for half rated speed
+
+Ia2=T2*Ia1/TD;
+V2=(0.5*N/N)*(VT-Ia1*Racir) + Ia2*Racir ;
+
+// Shaft load is adjusted to value that limits the armature current to 115 % of rated current
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Torque developed when operating at rated speed = %0.1f lb-ft ",TD);
+printf("\n Developed torque required at half rated speed = %0.1f lb-ft ",T2);
+printf("\n Armature voltage required for half rated speed = %0.1f V ",V2);
diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.png b/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc31bb168 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.sce b/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..538ac73a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH11/EX11.7/EX11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 11.7
+// Computation of the resistance of a dynamic braking resistor that will be
+// capable of developing 500 lb-ft of braking torque at a speed of 1000 r/min.
+// Page No. 464
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+T1=910; // Torque load
+Pshaft=199.257*746; // Power of shaft
+eeta=0.940; // Efficiency
+VT=240; // Rated voltage
+T2=500; // Braking torque
+n1=1000; // Windage and friction speed
+n2=1150; // Speed of motor
+Rf=52.6; // Field resistance
+Racir=0.00707; // Combined armature,compensating winding and // interpolar resistance
+
+// Resistance of a dynamic braking resistor
+Pshaft=T1*n2/5252; // Shaft power
+Pin=Pshaft*746/eeta; // Input power
+IT=Pin/VT; // Total current
+If=VT/Rf; // Field current
+Ia1=IT-If; // Armature current
+Ea1=VT-Ia1*Racir; // Armature emf
+
+Ia2=Ia1*T2/T1; // Armature current
+Ea2=Ea1*n1/n2;
+RDB=(Ea2-Ia2*Racir)/Ia2; // Resistance
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Resistance of the dynamic braking resistor = %0.3f Ohm ",RDB);
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..153e7bb9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0b2fe1ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.1/EX12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +// Example 12.1
+// Determine (a) Field circuit resistance (b) Field rheostat setting that will
+// provide no load voltage of 140V (c) Armature voltage if the rheostat is set
+// to 14.23 ohm (d) Field rheostat setting that will cause critical resistance
+// (e) Armature voltage at 80 percent rated speed (f) Rheostat setting required
+// to obtain no load armature voltage of 140V if shunt field is separately
+// excited from a 120V DC source
+// Page No. 479
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ea=156; // No load voltage
+If=4.7; // Shunt field current
+If140=2.35; // New field current at Ea=140V
+Eanew=140; // No load voltage
+Ifnew=3.2; // Field current corresponding to no load voltage
+Ea1=0; // First arbitrary voltage
+Ea2=100; // Second arbitrary voltage
+Vf=120;
+V=130; // Intersection of I1 and I2
+Rrheonew=14.42; // Rheostat set to new settings
+Va=116; // Intersection of field resistance line with the low
+ // speed magnetization curve
+
+
+
+//(a) Field circuit resistance
+Rf=Ea/If; // Field circuit resistance
+
+// (b) Field rheostat setting that will provide no load voltage of 140V
+Rrheo=(Eanew/Ifnew)-Rf;
+
+//(c) Armature voltage if the rheostat is set to 14.23 ohm
+Rnew=Rf+Rrheonew; // New field resistance
+If1=Ea1/(Rf+Rrheo); // Field current corresponding to first arbitrary voltage
+If2=Ea2/(Rf+Rrheo); // Field current corresponding to second arbitrary voltage
+
+// (d) Field rheostat setting that will cause critical resistance
+Rcr=Eanew/If140; // Critical resistance
+
+// (e) Armature voltage at 80 percent rated speed
+// Ea80=0.80*Ea;
+Ea80=116;
+
+//(f) Rheostat setting required to obtain no load armature voltage of 140V if
+// shunt field is separately excited from a 120V DC source
+Rrheo1=(Vf/Ifnew)-Rf;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Field circuit resistance = %0.2f Ohm",Rf);
+printf("\n Field rheostat setting that will provide no load voltage of 140V = %0.2f Ohm ",Rrheo);
+printf("\n Armature voltage if the rheostat is set to 14.23 ohm = %0.0f V ",V);
+printf("\n Field rheostat setting that will cause critical resistance = %0.1f Ohm ",Rcr);
+printf("\n Armature voltage at 80 percent rated speed (V)= %0.0f ",Ea80);
+printf("\n Rheostat setting required = %0.2f Ohm ",Rrheo1);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb9056931 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..389460811 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.2/EX12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example 12.2
+// Computation of (a) No load voltage (b) Voltage regulation
+// (c) Resistance setting of rheostat necessary to obtain rated voltage
+// at rated conditions
+// Page No. 487
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+P=300000; // Shunt generator power rating
+VT=240; // Shunt generator voltage rating
+Ra=0.00234; // Armature winding resistance
+RIP=0.00080; // Resistance of interpole winding
+Fnet=5100; // Net mmf
+Vnl=255; // No load voltage
+Vrated=240; // Rated voltage
+Nf=1020; // Turns per pole
+Vf=120; // Source that separately excites the generator
+If=5.69;
+Rf=18.1;
+
+// (a) No load voltage
+Ia=P/VT; // Armature current
+Ea=VT+Ia*(Ra+RIP); // Armature emf
+Ff=Fnet/(1-0.121);
+
+
+// (b) Voltage regulation
+VR=(Vnl-Vrated)*100/Vrated;
+
+// (c) Resistance setting of rheostat necessary to obtain rated voltage at rated conditions
+If=Ff/Nf;
+Rrheo=(Vf/If)-Rf; // Rheostat setting
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n No load voltage = %0.0f V ",Vnl);
+printf("\n Voltage regulation = %0.2f Percent ",VR);
+printf("\n Resistance setting of rheostat necessary = %0.0f Ohm",Rrheo);
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d916e875 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f235ab7fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.3/EX12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example 12.3
+// Computation of (a) Induced emf at rated load (b) No load voltage
+// (c) Voltage regulation (d) What is the type of compounding?
+// Page No. 492
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Pload=320000; // Shunt generator power rating
+Vrated=250; // Shunt generator voltage rating
+Rf=20.2; // Shunt resistance
+Rrheo=7.70; // Shunt field rheostat value
+If=8.96; // Field current
+Iload=1280; // Load current
+Ra=0.00817; // Armature resistance
+Rip=0.00238; // Resistance of interpole winding
+Rse=0.00109; // Resistance of series winding
+Nf=502; // Turns per pole
+VNL=225; // No load voltage
+
+// (a) Induced emf at rated load
+Iload=Pload/Vrated; // Load current
+If=Vrated/(Rf+Rrheo); // Field current
+Ia=If+Iload; // Armature current
+Racir=Ra+Rip+Rse;
+Ea=Vrated+Ia*Racir;
+
+// (b) No load voltage
+Ff=Nf*If;
+
+// (c) Voltage regulation
+VR=(VNL-Vrated)*100/Vrated;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Induced emf at rated load = %0.1f V ",Ea);
+printf("\n No load voltage = %0.0f V ",VNL);
+printf("\n Voltage regulation = %0.0f Percent ",VR);
+printf("\n The machine is overcompounded ");
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f997df92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4639df232 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.4/EX12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Example 12.4
+// Computation of (a) Required resistance of a noninductive diverter that will
+// bypass 27 percent of the total armature current(b) Power rating of the
+// diverter
+// Page No. 494
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Rs=0.00306; // Shunt generator resistance rating
+Is=0.73; // Shunt generator current rating
+Id1=0.27; // Armature winding resistance
+Pload=170000; // Load of power
+VT=250; // Shunt generator voltage rating
+Id2=680; // No load voltage
+Rd=0.27; // Resistance drop
+
+// (a) Required resistance of a noninductive diverter that will bypass
+// 27 percent of the total armature current
+Rd=Rs*Is/Id1;
+
+
+// (b) Power rating of the diverter
+Ia=Pload/VT;
+Pd=((Id1*Id2)^2)*Rd;
+
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Required resistance of a noninductive diverter = %0.5f Ohm ",Rd);
+printf("\n Power rating of the diverter = %0.0f W ",Pd);
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c2680688 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4bad02c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.5/EX12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Example 12.5
+// Computation of (a) New bus voltage (b) Current supplied by each generator
+//Page No. 500
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+p1=300000; // Rated power in generator A
+p2=400000; // Rated power in generator B
+v=250; // Rated voltage in machine
+p3=350000; // Rated power in generator C
+Ibnew=2500;
+
+// (a) New bus voltage
+
+IArated=p1/v; // Rated current in generator A
+IBrated=p2/v; // Rated current in generator B
+IBorig=p3/v; // Original bus current
+IbDelta=Ibnew-IBorig; // Current difference
+DelVbus=IbDelta/(160+128); // Voltage difference
+
+
+// (b) Current supplied by each generator
+DelIA=160*DelVbus; // Generator A current difference
+DelIB=128*DelVbus; // Generator A current difference
+Vbus=v-DelVbus; // Voltage across the bus
+IA=700+DelIA; // Current in generator A
+IB=700+DelIB; // Current in generator B
+
+Loading= (IA-IArated)*100/IArated;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n New bus voltage = %0.2f V ",DelVbus);
+printf("\n Current supplied by generator A = %0.0f A ",IA);
+printf("\n Current supplied by generator B = %0.0f A ",IB);
+printf("\n Macine A is overloaded by %0.1f Percent ",Loading);
diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.png b/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2539bbea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.sce b/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd459ff94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH12/EX12.6/EX12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +// Example 12.6
+// Determine (a) The increment increase in load on each machine if an
+// additional 400 A load is connected to the bus (b) Current carried
+// by each machine
+// Page No. 502
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+p1=100000; // Rated power in generator A
+p2=300000; // Rated power in generator B
+v=250; // Rated voltage in machine
+p3=30000; // Rated power in generator C
+Ibnew=400; // New bus current
+I1=200;
+I2=500;
+
+// (a) The increment increase in load on each machine if an additional 400 A
+// load is connected to the bus
+
+IArated=p1/v; // Rated current in generator A
+IBrated=p2/v; // Rated current in generator B
+Ib=p3/v; // Original bus current
+DelVbus=Ibnew/(40+120); // Change in bus current
+DelIA=40*DelVbus;
+DelIB=120*DelVbus;
+
+
+// (b) Current carried by each machine
+
+IA=I1+DelIA; // Current in generator A
+IB=I2+DelIB; // Current in generator B
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n The increment increase in load on machine A = %0.0f A ",DelIA);
+printf("\n The increment increase in load on machine B = %0.0f A ",DelIB);
+printf("\n Current carried by machine A = %0.0f A ",IA);
+printf("\n Current carried by machine B = %0.0f A ",IB);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..32818824f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ff562659 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Example 2.1
+// Computation of peak value of sinusoidal flux in a transformer
+// Page No. 42
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ep=240; // Voltage in primary coil
+Np=200; // Number of turns in primary coil of transformer
+f=60; // Frequency of source
+
+// Peak value of sinusoidal flux in a transformer
+phimax=Ep/(4.44*Np*f);
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+//printf("\n Peak value of sinusoidal flux in a transformer = %0.4f WB ",phimax);
+
+
+mprintf('Peak value of sinusoidal flux in a transformer = %3.2e Wb', phimax);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7501b2129 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd6a7eb4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Example 2.10
+// Computation of (a) Transformer regulation (b) Secondary voltage when the
+// load is disconnected (c) Input primary voltage
+// Page No. 70
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+FP=0.75 // Power-factor leading
+RPU=0.013; // Percent resistance
+XPU=0.038; // Percent reactance
+Vrated=600; // Rated voltage of transformer
+TTR=12; // Transformer turns ratio (7200/600)
+ELS=621; // Low side voltage
+
+
+
+// (a) Transformer regulation
+Theta=acosd(FP);
+// Transformer regulation
+RegPU=sqrt( ( (RPU+FP)^2)+ ((XPU-sind(Theta))^2))-1;
+// Transformer regulation in percentage
+RegPU_Per=RegPU*100;
+
+// (b) Secondary voltage when the load is disconnected
+Vnl=(RegPU*Vrated)+Vrated;
+
+// (c) Input primary voltage
+
+EHS=Vnl*TTR;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Transformer regulation = %0.4f ",RegPU);
+printf("\n Secondary voltage when the load is disconnected = %0.1f V", Vnl);
+printf(" \n Input primary voltage = %0.0f V",EHS);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5cc05d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aa228473 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Example 2.11
+// Computation of transformer regulation
+// Page No. 71
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=10; // Transformer actual rating 10KVA
+Srated=25; // Rated 25KVA
+PF=0.65; // Power factor lagging
+RPU=0.0124; // Percent resistance drop
+XPU=0.014; // Percent reactance drop
+
+// Transformer regulation
+SPU=S/Srated;
+SPU=SPU*100;
+Theta=acosd(PF);
+// Transformer regulation
+RegPU=sqrt( ( (RPU*SPU+PF)^2)+ ((XPU*SPU+sind(Theta))^2))-1;
+// Transformer regulation in percentage
+RegPU_Per=RegPU*100;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Transformer regulation = %0.3f ",RegPU);
+printf("\n Transformer regulation in percentage= %0.1f ",RegPU_Per);
+
+// Answer varies due to round off errors
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab6db02ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89039d460 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.12/EX2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +// Example 2.12
+// Computation of (a) Core loss (b) Core loss if operated at rated current and
+// 0.860 power factor from 375V, 50 HZ supply (c) Efficiency for condition in (b)
+// (d) Efficiency if the load is disconnected
+// Page No. 72
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Srated=50000; // Transformer power rating
+VHS=450; // High side voltage
+RPU=0.0125; // Percent resistance
+XPU=0.0224; // Percent reactance
+FP=0.86; // Power factor lagging
+eta=0.965 // Efficiency
+Hl=0.71 // Hysteresis loss
+Vt60=375 // Supply voltage
+f1=60; // Transformer frequency
+f2=50; // Supply frequency
+
+
+// (a) Core loss
+IHS=Srated/VHS;
+// Using high-side values
+Req_HS=RPU*VHS/IHS; // Equivalent high-side resistance
+Pout=Srated*FP; // Output power
+Pin=Pout/eta; // Input power
+Pcore=Pin-Pout-(IHS^2*Req_HS) // Core loss
+
+// (b) Core loss if operated at rated current and 0.860 power factor from
+// 375V, 50 HZ supply
+Ph60=Hl*Pcore; // Hysteresis loss
+Pe60=Pcore-Ph60; // Eddy current loss
+Pe50=Pe60*(Vt60/VHS)^2; // Eddy current loss
+Ph50=Ph60*(f2/f1)*(Vt60/VHS*f1/f2)^1.6;
+Pcore50=Pe50+Ph50; // Core loss
+
+// (c) Efficiency
+Pout=Vt60*IHS*FP; // Output power
+etanew=Pout/(Pout+Pcore50+IHS^2*Req_HS);
+
+// (d) Efficiency with the load is disconnected
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Core loss = %0.1f W", Pcore);
+printf("\n Core loss at 375V, 50 Hz supply = %0.2f W",Pcore50);
+printf("\n Efficiency = %0.1f Percent", etanew*100);
+printf("\n Efficiency = 0 with the load is disconnected as Pout=0" )
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a55bb8127 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..411fda2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.13/EX2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Example 2.13
+// Determine (a) Efficiency at rated load and 80% power factor
+// (b) 70% load and 80% power factor
+// Page No. 75
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+FP=0.80; // Power factor
+PcorePU=0.0045; // Percentage core loss
+RPU=0.0146; // Percentage resistance
+Sload=70; // 70% rated load
+Srated=100; // 100% rated load
+
+// (a) Efficiency at rated load and 80% power factor
+etarated=FP/(FP+RPU+PcorePU);
+
+// (b) Efficiency at 70% load and 80% power factor
+SPU=Sload/Srated;
+IPU=SPU; // I_load is proportional to S_load
+eta=(SPU*FP)/(SPU*FP+PcorePU+IPU^2*RPU) // Efficiency
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Efficiency at rated load = %0.3f ", etarated);
+printf("\n Efficiency at 70 percent load = %0.3f ",eta);
+disp('There is very little change in efficiency');
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..12b67eb93 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..135a12fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.14/EX2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +// Example 2.14
+// Determine (a) Magnetizing reactance and equivalent core-loss resistance
+// (b) Per unit resistance, reactance and impedance of transformer windings
+// (c) Voltage regulation when operating at rated load and 0.75 power factor lagging
+// Page No. 78
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Poc=521; // Open circuit test power
+Voc=230; // Open circuit voltage
+Vo=230; // Output voltage
+Ioc=13.04; // Open circuit current
+Vsc=160.8; // Short circuit voltage
+Isc=16.3; // Short circuit current
+Psc=1200; // Short circuit power
+S=75000; // Transformer rating
+Vhs=4600; // High side voltage
+FP=0.75; // Power factor lagging
+
+// (a) Magnetizing reactance and equivalent core-loss resistance
+Ife=Poc/Voc; // Current rating
+RfeLS=Vo/Ife; // Core-loss resistance
+Im=sqrt(Ioc^2-Ife^2); // Magnetizing current
+XMLS=Voc/Im; // Magnetizing reactance
+
+// (b) Per unit resistance, reactance and impedance of transformer windings
+ZeqHS=Vsc/Isc; // Equivalent impedance
+ReqHS=Psc/Isc^2; // Equivalent resistance
+XeqHS=sqrt(ZeqHS^2 - ReqHS^2); // Equivalent reactance
+Ihs=S/Vhs; // High side current
+RPU=Ihs*ReqHS/Vhs; // Per unit resistance
+XPU=Ihs*XeqHS/Vhs; // Per unit reactance
+ZPU=RPU+%i*XPU; // Per unit impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+ZPU_Mag=sqrt(real(ZPU)^2+imag(ZPU)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZPU_Ang=atan(imag(ZPU),real(ZPU))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// (c) Voltage regulation when operating at rated load and 0.75 power factor lagging
+// Transformer regulation
+Theta=acosd(FP);
+RegPU=sqrt( (RPU+FP)^2 + (XPU+sind(Theta))^2 )-1;
+// Transformer regulation in percentage
+RegPU_Per=RegPU*100;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Equivalent core-loss resistance = %0.1f Ohm",RfeLS);
+printf("\n Magnetizing reactance = %0.2f Ohm", XMLS);
+printf("\n Per unit resistance = %0.3f ", RPU);
+printf("\n Per unit reactance = %0.3f ", XPU);
+printf("\n Per unit impedance magnitude = %0.3f ", ZPU_Mag);
+printf("\n Per unit impedance angle = %0.1f ", ZPU_Ang);
+printf("\n Voltage regulation in percentage = %0.2f ", RegPU_Per);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..83787c961 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2db51954a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Example 2.2
+// Computation of (a) Turns ratio (b) Number of turns in each winding
+// (c) Magnetizing current
+// Page No. 42
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+Ep=2400; // Induced emf in primary winding
+Es=240; // Induced emf in primary winding
+Bmax=1.5; // Maximum flux density
+A=50*10^-4; // Cross section area
+f=60; // Frequency
+l=0.667; // Mean length of core
+H=450; // Magnetic field intensity
+
+
+// (a) Turns ratio
+Ts=Ep/Es;
+
+// (b) Number of turns in each winding
+phimax=Bmax*A;
+Np=Ep/(4.44*f*phimax); // Number of primary windings
+Ns=Np/Ts; // Number of secondary windings
+
+//(c) Magnetizing current
+Im=H*l/Np;
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Turns ratio = %0.0f ",Ts);
+printf("\n Number of primary windings = %0.0f turns ",Np);
+printf("\n Number of secondary windings = %0.0f turns ",Ns);
+printf("\n Magnetizing current = %0.2f A ",Im);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9709fa671 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e3a125c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +// Example 2.3
+// Computation of (a) Exciting current and its quadrature components
+// (b) Equalizing magnetic reactance and equivalent core loss resistance
+// (c) Magnetizing current (d)repeat (a) and (b) for the transformer in the
+// step up mode
+//Page No. 44
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+Fp=0.210; // Power factor
+Pcore=138; // Active power
+VT=2400; // Voltage applied to primary
+VT1=240; // 240-V primary voltage -- Second case
+
+
+// (a)Exciting current and its quadrature components
+Theta=acosd(Fp); // Angle
+Thetai=-Theta; // As phase angle of applied voltage is zero
+Ife=Pcore/VT; // Exciting current
+I0=Ife/Fp; // Quadrature component
+Im=tand(Thetai)*Ife; // Quadrature component
+Im=Im*-1;
+
+
+// (b) Equalizing magnetic reactance and equivalent core loss resistance
+XM=VT/Im; // Magnetic reactance
+Rfe=VT/Ife; // Core-loss resistance
+XM=XM/1000;
+Rfe=Rfe/1000;
+//(c) Magnetizing current
+Ife1=Pcore/VT1; // Exciting current
+I01=Ife1/cosd(Thetai);
+IM1=tand(Thetai)*Ife1; // Quadrature component
+IM1=IM1*-1;
+
+//(d) repeat (a) and (b) for the transformer in the step up mode
+XM1=VT1/IM1; // Magnetizing reactance
+Rfe1=VT1/Ife1; // Core-loss resistance
+
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Exciting current = %0.4f A ",Ife);
+printf("\n Exciting current quadrature component 1 = %0.4f A ",I0);
+printf("\n Exciting current quadrature component 2 = %0.3f A ",Im);
+printf("\n Equivalent magnetic reactance = %0.2f kOhm ",XM);
+printf("\n Equivalent core loss resistance = %0.1f kOhm ",Rfe);
+printf("\n Exciting current in step-up mode = %0.3f A ",Ife1);
+printf("\n Exciting current in step-up mode quadrature component 1 = %0.2f A ",I01);
+printf("\n Exciting current in step-up mode quadrature component 2 = %0.2f A ",IM1);
+printf("\n Equivalent magnetic reactance in the step up mode = %0.1f Ohm ",XM1);
+printf("\n Equivalent core loss resistance in the step up mode = %0.1f Ohm ",Rfe1);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..790cfec9b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..512f80860 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.4/EX2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Example 2.4
+// Computation of (a) Secondary voltage (b) Load current
+// (c) Input current to the primary (d) Input impedance looking into the primary terminals
+// Page No. 51
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+NHS=200; // Number of turns in primary
+NLS=20; // Number of turns in secondary
+E=120; // Primary voltage magnitude
+ES_Mag=12; // Secondary voltage magnitude
+ES_Ang=0; // Secondary voltage angle
+Zload_Mag=100; // Load magnitude
+Zload_Ang=30; // Load angle
+f=60; // Frequency
+
+// (a) Secondary voltage
+a=NHS/NLS;
+ELS=E/a;
+
+// (b) Load current
+IS_Mag=ES_Mag/Zload_Mag; // Load current magnitude
+IS_Ang=ES_Ang - Zload_Ang; // Load current angle
+
+//(c) Input current to the primary
+Ip_Mag=IS_Mag/a; // Input current to the primary magnitude
+Ip_Ang=IS_Ang; // Input current to the primary angle
+
+//(d) Input impedance looking into the primary terminals
+Zin_Mag=a^2*Zload_Mag; // Input impedance magnitude
+Zin_Ang=Zload_Ang; // Input impedance angle
+Zin_Mag=Zin_Mag/1000;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Turns ratio = %0.0f ",a);
+printf("\n Secondary voltage = %0.0f V", ELS);
+printf("\n Load current magnitude = %0.2f A",IS_Mag);
+printf("\n Load current angle = %0.0f deg",IS_Ang);
+printf("\n Input current to the primary magnitude = %0.3f A",Ip_Mag);
+printf("\n Input current to the primary angle = %0.0f deg",Ip_Ang);
+printf("\n Input impedance magnitude = %0.0f KOhm", Zin_Mag);
+printf("\n Input impedance angle = %0.0f deg", Zin_Ang);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7423e9ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5106ef12c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.5/EX2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +// Example 2.5
+// Computation of (a) Equivalent impedance of the transformer referred to the
+// high side (b) Input impedance of the combined transformer and load (C) Actual
+// input voltage at the high side (d) Input impedance if the load is disconnected
+// (e) Exciting current for the conditions in (d)
+// Page No. 60
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=75000; // Transformer ratings
+VLS=240; // Low side voltage magnitude
+PF=0.96; // Lagging power factor
+VLS_Ang=0; // Low side voltage angle
+VL=240; // Load voltage
+VHS=4800; // High side voltage
+RHS=2.488; // High side resistance
+RLS=0.00600; // Low side resistance
+XHS=4.8384; // High side reactance
+XLS=0.0121 // Low side reactance
+Rfe=44202; // High side resistance
+Xm=7798.6; // High side reactance
+
+
+// (a) Equivalent impedance of the transformer referred to the
+// high side
+ILS=S*1/2/VLS; // Delivering one-half rated load
+Theta=acosd(PF); // Angle
+ThetaI=0-Theta;
+ZloadLS_Mag=VLS/ILS; // Low side impedance magnitude
+ZloadLS_Ang=VLS_Ang-ThetaI; // Low side impedance angle
+
+a=VHS/VL; // Ratio of High side and low side voltages
+Zeq_LS=RHS+a^2*RLS+%i*(XHS+a^2*XLS)
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Zeq_Mag=sqrt(real(Zeq_LS)^2+imag(Zeq_LS)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zeq_Ang= atan(imag(Zeq_LS),real(Zeq_LS))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// (b) Input impedance of the combined transformer and load
+ZloadHS_Mag=a^2*ZloadLS_Mag; // High side impedance magnitude
+ZloadHS_Ang=ZloadLS_Ang; // High side impedance angle
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+ZloadHS_R=ZloadHS_Mag*cos(-ZloadHS_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+ZloadHS_I=ZloadHS_Mag*sin(ZloadHS_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+Zin=ZloadHS_R+%i* ZloadHS_I+Zeq_LS; // Input impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Zin_Mag=sqrt(real(Zin)^2+imag(Zin)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zin_Ang= atan(imag(Zin),real(Zin))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// (c) Actual input voltage at the high side
+IHS=ILS/a; // High side current
+VT=IHS*Zin_Mag;
+
+// (d) Input impedance if the load is disconnected
+X=(1/Rfe)+(1/Xm*%i);
+ZinOC=1/X; // Input impedance
+ZinOC_Mag=sqrt(real(ZinOC)^2+imag(ZinOC)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZinOC_Ang= atan(imag(ZinOC),real(ZinOC))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+ZinOC_Ang=ZinOC_Ang*-1;
+
+// (e) Exciting current for the conditions in (d)
+I0_Mag=VT/ZinOC_Mag; // Magnitude of current
+I0_Ang=0-ZinOC_Ang; // Angle of current
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Equivalent impedance of the transformer magnitude = %0.2f Ohm ",Zeq_Mag);
+printf("\n Equivalent impedance of the transformer angle = %0.1f deg ",Zeq_Ang);
+printf("\n Input impedance of the combined transformer and load magnitude = %0.2f Ohm ",Zin_Mag);
+printf("\n Input impedance of the combined transformer and load angle = %0.2f deg ",Zin_Ang);
+printf("\n Actual input voltage at the high side = %0.0f V", VT);
+printf(" \n Input impedance magnitude when load is disconnected = %0.0f Ohm",ZinOC_Mag);
+printf(" \n Input impedance angle when load is disconnected = %0.2f deg",ZinOC_Ang);
+printf(" \n Exciting current magnitude = %0.2f A",I0_Mag);
+printf(" \n Exciting current angle = %0.0f deg",I0_Ang);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2993561e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1c52385c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +// Example 2.6
+// Computation of (a) Equivalent input impedance of the transformer and load
+// combination (b) Primary current when 2400V is supplied to primary
+// (C) Voltage across the load
+// Page No. 61
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=37500; // Transformer ratings
+VHS=2400; // High side voltage
+VLS=600; // Low side voltage magnitude
+ZloadLS_Mag=10; // Low side load impedance magnitude
+ZloadLS_Ang=20; // Low side load impedance angle
+Req=2.8; // Equivalent resistance
+Xeq=6; // Equivalent reactance
+VT=2400; // Primary voltage supplied
+
+// (a) Equivalent input impedance of the transformer and load combination
+a=VHS/VLS; // Ratio of High side and low side voltages
+ZloadHS_Mag=a^2*ZloadLS_Mag; // High side load impedance magnitude
+ZloadHS_Ang=ZloadLS_Ang; // High side load impedance angle
+// Polar to Complex form
+ZloadHS_R=ZloadHS_Mag*cos(-ZloadHS_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+ZloadHS_I=ZloadHS_Mag*sin(ZloadHS_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+Zin=Req+%i*Xeq+ZloadHS_R+%i*ZloadHS_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Zin_Mag=sqrt(real(Zin)^2+imag(Zin)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zin_Ang = atan(imag(Zin),real(Zin))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// (b) Primary current when 2400V is supplied to primary
+IHS_Mag=VT/Zin_Mag; // Primary current magnitude
+IHS_Ang=0-Zin_Ang; // Primary current angle
+
+// (c) Voltage across the load
+EHS_Mag= IHS_Mag*a^2*ZloadLS_Mag; // Magnitude of voltage across reflected load
+EHS_Ang=IHS_Ang+ZloadLS_Ang; // Angle of voltage across reflected load
+
+ELS_Mag=EHS_Mag/a; // Magnitude of actual voltage across real load
+ELS_Ang=EHS_Ang; // Angle of actual voltage across real load
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Equivalent input impedance of the transformer and load combination magnitude = %0.2f Ohm ",Zin_Mag);
+printf("\n Equivalent input impedance of the transformer and load combination angle = %0.2f deg ",Zin_Ang);
+printf("\n Primary current magnitude = %0.2f A ",IHS_Mag);
+printf("\n Primary current angle = %0.2f deg ",IHS_Ang);
+printf("\n Actual input voltage magnitude = %0.1f V", ELS_Mag);
+printf(" \n Actual input voltage angle = %0.2f deg",ELS_Ang);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6abb212ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b06468298 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +// Example 2.8
+// Computation of (a) Percent impedance (b) Rated high side current
+// (c) Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to the high side
+// (d) High side fault current if an accidental short circuit of 0.016 Ohm
+// occurs at secondary when 230V impressed across the primary
+// Page No. 66
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+R=0.9; // Percent resistance
+X=1.3; // Percent reactance
+VHS=2400; // High side voltage
+PV=75000; // Transformer power rating
+RPU=0.009 // Per unit resistance
+XPU=0.013 // Per unit reactance
+VLS=240; // Low side voltage
+Zshort=0.016; // Short circuit resistance
+VHS_Ang=0; // High side voltage angle
+VHS_Sec=2300; // Secondary high side voltage
+
+// (a) Percent impedance
+Z=sqrt(R^2+X^2);
+
+// (b) Rated high side current
+IHS=PV/VHS;
+
+//(c) Equivalent resistance referred to the high side
+Req_HS=RPU*VHS/IHS;
+// Equivalent reactance referred to the high side
+Xeq_HS=XPU*VHS/IHS;
+
+//(d) High side fault current
+a=VHS/VLS; // Ratio of High side and low side voltages
+Zin=Req_HS+%i*Xeq_HS+a^2*Zshort; // Input impedance
+Zin_Mag=sqrt(real(Zin)^2+imag(Zin)^2); // Magnitude part of input impedance
+Zin_Ang= atan(imag(Zin),real(Zin))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+IHS_Mag=VHS_Sec/Zin_Mag; // High side current magnitude
+IHS_Ang=VHS_Ang-Zin_Ang;
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+printf("\n Percent impedance = %0.2f Percent ",Z);
+printf("\n Rated high side current = %0.2f A", IHS);
+printf(" \n High side equivalent resistance = %0.3f Ohm",Req_HS);
+printf(" \n High side equivalent reactance = %0.3f Ohm",Xeq_HS);
+printf(" \n High side fault current magnitude = %0.0f Ohm",IHS_Mag);
+printf(" \n High side fault current angle = %0.2f deg",IHS_Ang);
diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.png b/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b265cfde6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce b/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..334d83df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Example 2.9
+// Computation of (a) Transformer regulation (b) Secondary voltage when the
+// load is disconnected (c) Input primary voltage
+// Page No. 69
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+FP=0.75 // Power-factor lagging
+RPU=0.013; // Percent resistance
+XPU=0.038; // Percent reactance
+Vrated=600; // Rated voltage of transformer
+TTR=12; // Transformer turns ratio (7200/600)
+ELS=621; // Low side voltage
+
+
+
+// (a) Transformer regulation
+Theta=acosd(FP);
+// Transformer regulation
+RegPU=sqrt( ( (RPU+FP)^2)+ ((XPU+sind(Theta))^2))-1;
+// Transformer regulation in percentage
+RegPU_Per=RegPU*100;
+
+// (b) Secondary voltage when the load is disconnected
+Vnl=(RegPU*Vrated)+Vrated;
+
+// (c) Input primary voltage
+EHS=ELS*TTR;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Transformer regulation = %0.3f ",RegPU);
+printf("\n Secondary voltage when the load is disconnected = %0.0f V", Vnl);
+printf(" \n Input primary voltage = %0.0f V",EHS);
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..62c4de3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd306a461 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 3.1
+// Computation of (a) Load current (b) Incoming line current
+// (c) Transformed current (d) Apparent power conducted and apparent power transformed
+// Page No. 98
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+NHS=400; // Number of turns in the high side
+NLS=0.25*400; // Number of turns in the low side
+VHS=2400; // Voltage at the high side
+S=4800; // Supply voltage
+
+// (a) Load current
+a=NHS/NLS; // Transformer turn ratio
+VLS=VHS/a; // Low side voltage
+ILS=S/VLS; // Load current
+
+// (b) Incoming line current
+IHS=ILS/a;
+
+//(c) Transformed current
+ITR=ILS-IHS;
+
+// (d) Apparent power conducted and apparent power transformed
+
+SCOND=IHS*VLS; // Apparent power conducted
+STRANS=ITR*VLS; // Apparent power transformed
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Load current = %0.0f A ",ILS);
+printf("\n Incoming line current = %0.0f A ",IHS);
+printf("\n Transformed current = %0.0f A ",ITR);
+printf("\n Apparent power conducted = %0.0f VA ",SCOND);
+printf("\n Apparent power transformed = %0.0f VA ",STRANS);
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c94db1f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09be5eaf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 3.2
+// Computation of (a) Rated primary and secondary currents when connected as
+// autotransformer (b) Apparent power rating when connected as an autotransformer
+// Page No. 100
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=10000; // Supply voltage
+VLS=240; // Voltage at the low side
+VHS=2400; // Voltage at the high side
+Sw=10; // Power rating
+
+// (a) Rated primary and secondary currents when connected as autotransformer
+
+ILSWINDING=S/VLS; // Rated primary current
+IHSWINDING=S/VHS; // Rated secondary current
+
+
+// (b) Apparent power rating when connected as an autotransformer
+
+a=VHS/VLS; // Magnetic drop across R1
+Sat=(a+1)*Sw;
+
+
+//Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Rated primary current = %0.2f A ",ILSWINDING);
+printf("\n Rated secondary current = %0.3f A ",IHSWINDING);
+printf("\n Apparent power rating = %0.0f KVA ",Sat);
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ce7171a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1558af4ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Example 3.3
+// Computation of (a) Buck boost transformer parameters
+// (b) Repeating the same assuming utilization voltage as 246V
+// Page No. 102
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=10000; // Supply voltage
+VLS=212; // Voltage at the low side
+VHSNEW=246; // New voltage at the high side
+a1=1.100;
+a11=1.0667;
+
+// (a) Buck boost transformer parameters
+VHS=a1*VLS;
+
+// (b) Repeating the same assuming utilization voltage as 246V
+
+VLSNEW=VHSNEW/a11;
+
+//Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Actual output voltage supplied to the air conditioner is = %0.1f V ",VHS);
+printf("\n Actual output voltage assuming utilization voltage as 246 V is = %0.1f V ",VLSNEW);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..701b84b25 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fee5f225 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Example 3.4
+// Determine (a) Circulating current in the paralleled secondaries
+// (b) Circulating current as a percent of the rated current of transformer A
+// (c) Percent difference in secondary voltage that caused the circulating current
+// Page No. 104
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=100000; // Transformer A and B rating
+VLSA=460; // Voltage at the low side of transformer A
+VLSB=450; // Voltage at the low side of transformer A
+RPUA=0.0136; // Percent resistance of transformer A
+XPUA=0.0350; // Percent reactance of transformer A
+RPUB=0.0140; // Percent resistance of transformer B
+XPUB=0.0332; // Percent reactance of transformer B
+
+
+
+// (a) Circulating current in the paralleled secondaries
+IA= S/VLSA; // Rated low side current for transformer A
+IB= S/VLSB; // Rated low side current for transformer B
+ReqA=RPUA*VLSA/IA; // Equivalent resistance of transfomer A
+ReqB=RPUB*VLSB/IB; // Equivalent resistance of transfomer B
+XeqA=XPUA*VLSA/IA; // Equivalent reactance of transfomer A
+XeqB=XPUB*VLSB/IB; // Equivalent reactance of transfomer B
+
+// Impedance of the closed loop formed by two secondaries is
+Zloop=ReqA+%i*XeqA+ReqB+%i*XeqB;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zloop_Mag=sqrt(real(Zloop)^2+imag(Zloop)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zloop_Ang=atan(imag(Zloop),real(Zloop))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Icirc_Mag=(VLSA-VLSB)/Zloop_Mag; // Circulating current magnitude
+Icirc_Ang=0- Zloop_Ang; // Circulating current angle
+
+// (b) Circulating current as a percent of the rated current of transformer A
+IcircA=Icirc_Mag*100/IA;
+
+// (c) Percent difference in secondary voltage that caused the circulating current
+PD=(VLSA-VLSB)*100/VLSB;
+
+// Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Circulating current magnitude = %0.1f A ",Icirc_Mag);
+printf("\n Circulating current angle = %0.1f deg ",Icirc_Ang);
+printf("\n Circulating current as a percent of the rated current = %0.1f Percent ",IcircA);
+printf("\n Percent difference in secondary voltage = %0.1f Percent ",PD);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8174cf8ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41d5c93bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +// Example 3.5
+// Determine (a) Rated high side current of each transformer (b) Percent of the
+// total bank-current drawn by each transformer (c) Maximum load that can be
+// handled by the bank without overloading by one of the transformer
+// Page No. 107
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+SA=75000; // Transformer A rating
+SB=200000; // Transformer B rating
+VHSA=2400; // Voltage at the high side of transformer A
+VHSB=2400; // Voltage at the high side of transformer B
+RPUA=1.64; // Percent resistance of transformer A
+XPUA=3.16; // Percent reactance of transformer A
+RPUB=1.10; // Percent resistance of transformer B
+XPUB=4.03; // Percent reactance of transformer B
+
+
+
+// (a) Rated high side current of each transformer
+IArated=SA/VHSA; // High side rated current transformer A
+IBrated=SB/VHSB; // High side rated current transformer B
+
+// (b) Percent of the total bank-current drawn by each transformer
+ZAper=RPUA+%i*XPUA; // Percent impadance for transformer A
+ // Complex to Polar form...
+ZAper_Mag=sqrt(real(ZAper)^2+imag(ZAper)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZAper_Ang=atan(imag(ZAper),real(ZAper))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+ZBper=RPUB+%i*XPUB; // Percent impadance for transformer B
+ // Complex to Polar form...
+ZBper_Mag=sqrt(real(ZBper)^2+imag(ZBper)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZBper_Ang=atan(imag(ZBper),real(ZBper))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+ZAbase=VHSA/IArated; // Base impedance of transformer A
+ZBbase=VHSB/IBrated; // Base impedance of transformer A
+
+ZeqA_Mag=ZAbase*ZAper_Mag/100; // Magnitude of equivalent impedance A
+ZeqA_Ang=ZAper_Ang; // Angle of equivalent impedance A
+
+ZeqB_Mag=ZBbase*ZBper_Mag/100; // Magnitude of equivalent impedance B
+ZeqB_Ang=ZBper_Ang; // Angle of equivalent impedance B
+
+YeqA_Mag=1/ZeqA_Mag; // Magnitude of equivalent admittance A
+YeqA_Ang=0-ZeqA_Ang; // Angle of equivalent admittance A
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+YeqA_R=YeqA_Mag*cos(-YeqA_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+YeqA_I=YeqA_Mag*sin(YeqA_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+
+YeqB_Mag=1/ZeqB_Mag; // Magnitude of equivalent admittance B
+YeqB_Ang=0-ZeqB_Ang; // Angle of equivalent admittance B
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+YeqB_R=YeqB_Mag*cos(-YeqB_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+YeqB_I=YeqB_Mag*sin(YeqB_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+YP=(YeqA_R - %i* YeqA_I)+(YeqB_R - %i* YeqB_I); // Parallel admittance
+
+ // Complex to Polar form...
+YP_Mag=sqrt(real(YP)^2+imag(YP)^2); // Magnitude part
+YP_Ang=atan(imag(YP),real(YP))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+IA=YeqA_Mag/YP_Mag; // Transformer A load
+IB=YeqB_Mag/YP_Mag; // Transformer A load
+IA=IA*100;
+IB=IB*100;
+
+// (c) Maximum load that can be handled by the bank without overloading by
+// one of the transformer
+Ibank=IArated/0.307;
+
+// Display result on command window
+
+printf("\n Rated high side current of transformer A = %0.2f A ",IArated);
+printf("\n Rated high side current of transformer B = %0.3f A ",IBrated);
+printf("\n Percent of total bank current drawn by transformer A = %0.0f Percent ",IA);
+printf("\n Percent of total bank current drawn by transformer B = %0.0f Percent ",IB);
+printf("\n Maximum load that can be handled by the bank = %0.2f A ", Ibank);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2882e07af --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a57ccca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +// Example 3.6
+// Determine the percent of the total bank-current drawn by each transformer
+// Page No. 109
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+ZaPU_R=0.0158; // Transformer A impedance real part
+ZaPU_I=0.0301; // Transformer A impedance imaginary part
+ZbPU_R=0.0109; // Transformer B impedance real part
+ZbPU_I=0.0398; // Transformer B impedance imaginary part
+SB=200000; // Transformer B rating
+VHSA=2400; // Voltage at the high side of transformer A
+VHSB=2400; // Voltage at the high side of transformer B
+RPUA=1.64; // Percent resistance of transformer A
+XPUA=3.16; // Percent reactance of transformer A
+RPUB=1.10; // Percent resistance of transformer B
+XPUB=4.03; // Percent reactance of transformer B
+
+
+
+// Base impedance of transformer A
+ZaPU=ZaPU_R+%i*ZaPU_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+ZaPU_Mag=sqrt(real(ZaPU)^2+imag(ZaPU)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZaPU_Ang=atan(imag(ZaPU),real(ZaPU))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Base impedance of transformer B
+ZbPU=ZbPU_R+%i*ZbPU_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+ZbPU_Mag=sqrt(real(ZbPU)^2+imag(ZbPU)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZbPU_Ang=atan(imag(ZbPU),real(ZbPU))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Admittance of transformer A
+YaPU_Mag=1/ZaPU_Mag; // Magnitude of equivalent admittance A
+YaPU_Ang=0-ZaPU_Ang; // Angle of equivalent admittance A
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+YaPU_R=YaPU_Mag*cos(-YaPU_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+YaPU_I=YaPU_Mag*sin(YaPU_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// Admittance of transformer B
+YbPU_Mag=1/ZbPU_Mag; // Magnitude of equivalent admittance B
+YbPU_Ang=0-ZbPU_Ang; // Angle of equivalent admittance B
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+YbPU_R=YbPU_Mag*cos(-YbPU_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+YbPU_I=YbPU_Mag*sin(YbPU_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// Parallel admittance
+YP=(YaPU_R-%i*YaPU_I)+(YbPU_R-%i*YbPU_I);
+// Complex to Polar form...
+YP_Mag=sqrt(real(YP)^2+imag(YP)^2); // Magnitude part
+YP_Ang=atan(imag(YP),real(YP))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+IA=YaPU_Mag/YP_Mag*100; // Percent current drawn by transformer A
+IB=100-IA;
+
+// Display the result on the command window
+printf("\n Percent of total bank current drawn by transformer A = %0.2f Percent ",IA);
+printf("\n Percent of total bank current drawn by transformer B = %0.2f Percent ",IB);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a566e4eac --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4474725e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +// Example 3.7
+// Computation of (a) Bank ratio (b) Transformer ratio (c) Rated line and phase
+// currents for the high side (d) Rated line and phase currents for the low side
+// Page No. 113
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+VLINEHS=4160; // Number of turns in the high side
+VLINELS=240; // Number of turns in the low side
+VHS=2400; // Voltage at the high side
+S=4800; // Supply voltage
+Vline=150000; // Transformer rating
+
+// (a) Bank ratio
+bankratio=VLINEHS/VLINELS;
+
+// (b) Transformer ratio
+Vphasep= VLINEHS/ sqrt(3); // For wye primary
+Vphases=VLINELS // For secondary
+TR=Vphasep/Vphases; // Transformer ratio
+
+//(c) Rated line and phase currents for the high side
+Ilinew=Vline/(sqrt(3)*VLINEHS);
+Iphasew=Ilinew;
+
+// (d) Rated line and phase currents for the low side
+Ilined=Vline/(sqrt(3)*VLINELS);
+Iphased=Ilined/sqrt(3);
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Bank ratio = %0.1f ",bankratio);
+printf("\n Transformer ratio = %0.1f ",TR);
+printf("\n Rated line current for the high side = %0.1f A ",Ilinew);
+printf("\n Rated phase current for the high side = %0.1f A ",Iphasew);
+printf("\n Rated line current for the low side = %0.1f A ",Ilined);
+printf("\n Rated phase current for the low side = %0.1f A ",Iphased);
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d30fa383e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49da0f71f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.8/EX3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Example 3.8
+// Determine the maximum allowable power that the open-delta bank handle
+// without overheating
+// Page No. 117
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=25; // Transformer rating
+
+// Capacity of the delta-delta bank is
+Cddb=S*3;
+// Capacity of the bank when operating open-delta is
+Cob=Cddb*0.577;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Capacity of the bank when operating open-delta is = %0.1f kVA ",Cob);
diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.png b/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cf4a7f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce b/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3c938713 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Example 3.9
+// Determine the minimum power rating required for each transformer
+// Page No. 117
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+P=50000; // Transformer power rating
+Eline=120; // Line voltage
+FP=0.9 // Power factor lagging
+VL=120;
+
+// Line current is
+Iline=P/(sqrt(3)*Eline*FP);
+
+// Minimum power rating required for each transformer
+Pmin=VL*Iline/1000;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Minimum power rating required for each transformer = %0.1f kVA ",Pmin);
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d92a3df1a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2629f77a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 4.1
+// Computation of synchronous speed of a six pole induction motor
+// Page No. 140
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency
+p=6; // Number of poles
+
+
+fs=f*0.85; // Frequency is 85% of its rated value
+ns=120*fs/p; // Synchronous speed
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Synchronous speed of a six pole induction motor = %0.0f r/min ",ns);
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..43ba98685 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb605e746 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 4.2
+// Computation of (a) Frequency (b) Induced voltage of six pole induction motor
+// Page No. 143
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency
+p=6; // Number of poles
+nr=1100; // Rotor speed
+Ebr=100; // Blocked rotor voltage
+
+// (a) Synchronous speed
+ns=120*f/p; // Synchronous speed
+
+// (b) Slip
+s=(ns-nr)/ns; // Slip
+
+// (c) Rotor frequency
+fr=s*f; // Rotor frequency
+
+// (d) Rotor voltage
+Er=s*Ebr; // Rotor voltage
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Synchronous speed = %0.0f r/min ",ns);
+printf("\n Slip = %0.4f ",s);
+printf("\n Rotor frequency = %0.1f Hz ",fr);
+printf("\n Rotor voltage = %0.2f V ",Er);
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2483aa565 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7669aef39 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +// Example 4.3
+// Determine (a) Synchronous speed (b) Slip (c) Rotor impedance (d) Rotor current
+// (e) Rotor current if changing the shaft load resulted in 1.24 percenr slip
+// (f) Speed for the condition in (e)
+// Page No. 146
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+fs=60; // Frequency
+p=6; // Number of poles
+nr=1164; // Rotor speed
+Rr=0.10; // Equivalent resistance
+Xbr=0.54; // Equivalent reactance
+Ebr=150; // Blocked rotor voltage per phase
+s1=0.0124; // Percent slip
+
+// (a) Synchronous speed
+ns=120*fs/p; // Speed
+
+// (b) Slip
+s=(ns-nr)/ns;
+
+// (c) Rotor impedance
+Zr=(Rr/s)+%i*Xbr;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zr_Mag=sqrt(real(Zr)^2+imag(Zr)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zr_Ang=atan(imag(Zr),real(Zr))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// (d) Rotor current
+Ir_Mag=Ebr/Zr_Mag; // Magnitude
+Ir_Ang=0-Zr_Ang; // Angle
+
+// (e) Rotor current if changing the shaft load resulted in 1.24 percent slip
+Zrnew=Rr/s1+%i*Xbr;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zrnew_Mag=sqrt(real(Zrnew)^2+imag(Zrnew)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zrnew_Ang=atan(imag(Zrnew),real(Zrnew))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Irnew_Mag=Ebr/Zrnew_Mag; // Magnitude
+Irnew_Ang=0-Zrnew_Ang; // Angle
+
+// (f) Speed for the condition in (e)
+nr=ns*(1-s1);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Synchronous speed = %0.0f r/min ",ns);
+printf("\n Slip = %0.3f ",s);
+printf("\n Rotor impedance magnitude = %0.2f Ohm ",Zr_Mag);
+printf("\n Rotor impedance angle = %0.2f deg ",Zr_Ang);
+printf("\n Rotor current magnitude = %0.1f Ohm ",Ir_Mag);
+printf("\n Rotor current angle = %0.1f deg ",Ir_Ang);
+printf("\n Rotor current magnitude by changing the shaft load = %0.1f Ohm ",Irnew_Mag);
+printf("\n Rotor current angle by changing the shaft load = %0.2f deg ",Irnew_Ang);
+printf("\n New rotor speed = %0.0f r/min ",nr);
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5266e7da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5f21e675 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Example 4.4
+// Determine (a) Total three phase apparent power crossing the air gap
+// (b) Active and reactive components (c) Rotor power factor
+// Page No. 149
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ebr=150; // Blocked rotor voltage per phase
+Ir_Mag=44.421; // Rotor current magnitude
+Ir_Ang=-9.2; // Rotor current angle
+Ir_magConj=9.2;
+
+
+// (a) Total three phase apparent power crossing the air gap
+Sgap_Mag=3*Ebr*Ir_Mag; // Apparent power crossing the air gap magnitude
+Sgap_Ang=Ir_magConj; // Apparent power crossing the air gap angle
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+Sgap_R=Sgap_Mag*cos(-Sgap_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+Sgap_I=Sgap_Mag*sin(Sgap_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number
+Sgap=ceil(Sgap_R)+%i*ceil(Sgap_I);
+
+// (b) Active and reactive components
+Pgap=Sgap_R; // Active power component
+Qgap=Sgap_I; // Reactive power component
+
+// (c) Rotor power factor
+FP=cosd(Ir_magConj);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Total three phase apparent power crossing the air gap (VA) =");
+disp(Sgap);
+printf("\n Active power component = %0.0f W",Pgap);
+printf("\n Reactive power component = %0.0f var ",Qgap);
+printf("\n Rotor power factor = %0.2f ",FP);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9718b95cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..633446cee --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 4.5
+// Computation of (a) Shaft speed (b) Mechanical power developed
+// (c) Developed torque
+// Page No. 152
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Prcl=263; // Rotor copper loss
+Pgap=14580; // Power input to the rotor
+fs=60; // Frequency
+p=4; // Number of poles
+
+
+
+// (a) Shaft speed
+s=Prcl/Pgap; // Slip
+ns=120*fs/p; // Speed of stator
+nr=ns*(1-s); // Speed of shaft
+
+// (b) Mechanical power developed
+Pmech=Pgap-Prcl; // Mechanical power developed
+Pmechhp=Pmech/746; // Mechanical power developed in hp
+
+//(c) Developed torque
+TD=5252*Pmechhp/nr;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Shaft speed = %0.1f r/min ",nr);
+printf("\n Mechanical power developed in hp = %0.2f hp ",Pmechhp);
+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",TD);
diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.png b/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..de03e2ab8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce b/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca4a27b8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +// Example 4.6
+// Determine (a) Power input (b) Total losses (c) Air gap power (d) Shaft speed
+// (e) Power factor (f) Combined windage, friction and stray load loss
+// (g) Shaft torque
+// Page No. 159
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Pshaft=74600; // Shaft power
+eeta=0.910; // Rated efficiency
+ns=1200; // Speed of stator
+Pcore=1697; // Power in core
+Pscl=2803; // Stator copper loss
+Prcl=1549; // Rotor copper loss
+fs=60; // Synchronous frequency
+p=6; // Number of poles
+Vline=230; // Line voltage
+Iline=248; // Line current
+
+// (a) Power input
+Pin=Pshaft/eeta; // Parallel resistance
+
+// (b) Total losses
+Ploss=Pin-Pshaft;
+
+//(c) Air gap power
+Pgap=Pin-Pcore-Pscl;
+
+// (d) Shaft speed
+s=Prcl/Pgap; // Parallel resistance
+ns=120*fs/p;
+nr=ns*(1-s);
+
+// (e) Power factor
+Sin=sqrt(3)*Vline*Iline;
+FP=Pin/Sin;
+
+//(f) Combined windage, friction and stray load loss
+Closs=Ploss-Pcore-Pscl-Prcl;
+
+//(g) Shaft torque
+Tshaft=5252*100/nr;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Power input = %0.0f W",Pin);
+printf("\n Total losses = %0.0f W",Ploss);
+printf("\n Air gap power = %0.0f W ",Pgap);
+printf("\n Shaft speed = %0.0f r/min ",nr);
+printf("\n Power factor = %0.2f ",FP);
+printf("\n Combined windage, friction and stray load loss = %0.0f W ",Closs);
+printf("\n Shaft torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tshaft);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf45569ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da00ee38f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.1/EX5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 5.1
+// Computation of minimum value of (a) Locked rotor torque (b) Breakdown torque
+// (c) Pull up torque
+// Page No. 173
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency in Hz
+p=6; // Number of poles
+hp=10; // Horsepower
+n=1150; // Rated speed of machine
+ns=120*f/p;
+
+
+// (a) Locked rotor torque
+Trated=hp*5252/n; // Rated torque
+Tlockedrotor=2.25*Trated;
+
+// (b) Breakdown torque
+Tbreakdown=1.90*Trated;
+
+// (c) Pull up torque
+Tpullup=1.65*Trated;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Locked rotor torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tlockedrotor);
+printf("\n Breakdown torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tbreakdown);
+printf("\n Pull up torque = %0.1f lb-ft",Tpullup);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..21a28af0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9484505a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 5.10
+// Determine (a) Range of rotor speed (b) Required rheostat resistance
+// Page No. 198
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+F=60; // Frequency of motor
+P=14; // Number of poles
+SL=0.395; // Low speed point
+SH=0.02; // High speed point
+Stdmax=0.74; // Value at which TD is maximum (from curve B)
+R1=0.403; // Motor resistance
+R2=0.317;
+X1=1.32; // Motor reactance
+X2=1.32;
+a=3.8; // Ratio of stator turns/phase to rotor turns/phase
+
+// (a) Range of rotor speed
+ns=120*F/P; // Speed
+nrl=ns*(1-SL); // Rotor low speed
+nrh=ns*(1-SH); // Rotor high speed
+
+// (b) Required rheostat resistance
+Rrhe=Stdmax*(sqrt(R1^2+(X1+X2)^2))-R2;
+Rehereq=Rrhe/a^2;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Low range of rotor speed = %0.0f r/min",nrl);
+printf("\n High range of rotor speed = %0.0f r/min",nrh);
+printf("\n Required rheostat resistance = %0.3f Ohm/phase",Rehereq);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5691fd419 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1cdd036a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Example 5.11
+// Determine (a) Rotor frequency (b) Slip at which TDmax occurs (c) Rotor speed
+// at 1/2 rated torque load (d) Required rheostat resistance (e) Rated torque
+// Page No. 201
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+S=0.0159; // Slip
+Fbr=50; // Rated frequency
+R1=0.00536; // Motor resistance
+R2=0.00613;
+X1=0.0383; // Motor reactance
+X2=0.0383;
+Rrhe=0; // Initial rheostat resistance
+P=4; // Number of poles
+NR=1000; // Rated speed
+s1=0.0159; // Slip of rheostat
+a=2; // Stator to rotor turns ratio
+hp=400; // Motor horsepower
+
+// (a) Rotor frequency
+fr=S*Fbr;
+
+// (b) Slip at which TDmax occurs
+Stdmax=(R2+Rrhe)/(sqrt(R1^2+(X1+X2)^2));
+
+// (c) Rotor speed at 1/2 rated torque load
+s=S*(0.5)*(R2/R2); // Rotor speed at 1/2 rated torque
+ns=120*Fbr/P;
+nr=ns*(1-s); // Rotor speed
+
+// (d) Required rheostat resistance
+s2=(ns-NR)/ns;
+Rrhe2=((s2/s1)*(1/0.5)*(R2+Rrhe))-R2; // rheostat resistance
+Rrheostat=Rrhe2/a^2;
+
+// (e) Rated torque
+nr1=ns*(1-s1); // Rated speed
+T=hp*5252/nr1;
+
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Rotor frequency = %0.3f Hz",fr);
+printf("\n Slip at which TDmax occurs = %0.4f ",Stdmax);
+printf("\n Rotor speed at 1/2 rated torque = %0.0f r/min",nr);
+printf("\n Required rheostat resistance = %0.4f Ohm/phase",Rrheostat);
+printf("\n Rated torque = %0.0f lb-ft",T);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9b5b396 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2899474fb --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.12/EX5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Example 5.12
+// Determine the percent increase or decrease in rotor circuit resistance
+// Page No. 202
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+
+Stdmax1=0.45; // Maximum torque condition 1
+Stdmax2=0.80; // Maximum torque condition 2
+
+// Percent increase or decrease in rotor circuit resistance
+
+PerCh=1/(Stdmax1/Stdmax2);
+PerCh=PerCh-1;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Percent change in rotor circuit resistance = %0.0f Percent increase",PerCh*100);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..44344dab0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2353e061 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.13/EX5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Example 5.13
+// Determine the expected in-rush current
+// Page No. 208
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+kva1=5.6; // KVA/hp lower limit from table 5.9
+hp=150; // Motor horsepower
+Vline=460; // Line voltage
+kva2=6.3; // KVA/hp upper limit from table 5.9
+
+// Expected in-rush current
+
+// Lower limit of expected range of in-rush current is
+Ilrss=(kva1*hp*1000)/(sqrt(3)*Vline);
+
+// Upper limit of expected range of in-rush current is
+Iulss=(kva2*hp*1000)/(sqrt(3)*Vline);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Lower limit of expected range of in-rush current = %0.0f A",Ilrss);
+printf("\n Upper limit of expected range of in-rush current = %0.0f A",Iulss);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e79d83d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5ecbe708 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.14/EX5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +// Example 5.14
+// Determine (a) Percent voltage unbalance (b) Expected approximate temp. rise
+// if operating at rated load in a 40 deg ambient (c) Expected insulation life
+// (d) Required derating of motor to prevent shortening isulation life.
+// Page No. 211
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+VL1=460; // Line voltage 1
+VL2=455; // Line voltage 2
+VL3=440; // Line voltage 3
+Trated=110; // Rated temp. (from table 5.8)
+hp=30; // Motor horsepower
+
+// (a) Percent voltage unbalance
+Vavg=(VL1+VL2+VL3)/3; // Average line voltage
+
+VD1=abs(VL1-Vavg); // Voltage deviation from the average
+VD2=abs(VL2-Vavg);
+VD3=abs(VL3-Vavg);
+VD=[VD1 VD2 VD3];
+VDMax=max(VD); // Choose maximum value of voltage deviation
+PerUBV=(VDMax/Vavg)*100;
+
+// (b) Expected approximate temp. rise if operating at rated load in a 40 deg
+PerDeltaT=2*PerUBV^2; // Percent change in temp.
+Tubv=Trated*(1+(PerDeltaT/100));
+
+// (c) Expected insulation life
+DeltaT=Tubv-Trated; // Percent increase in motor temp.
+RL=1/(2^(DeltaT/10)); // Relative life on insulation
+EL=RL*20;
+
+// (d) Required derating of motor to prevent shortening isulation life
+ReqDer=hp*0.92;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Percent voltage unbalance = %0.2f ",PerUBV);
+printf("\n Expected approximate temperature rise = %0.0f deg C",Tubv);
+printf("\n Expected insulation life = %0.1f years",EL);
+printf("\n Required derating of motor = %0.1f hp",ReqDer);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..092adcd01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc7146168 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.15/EX5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 5.15
+// Determine the machine parameters in ohms
+// Page No. 213
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+V=460; // Motor voltage
+hp=50; // Motor horsepower
+r1=0.021; // Resistance
+r2=0.020;
+x1=0.100; // Reactance
+x2=0.0178;
+rfe=20;
+Xm=3.68; // Motor reactance
+
+// Machine parameters in ohms
+Vbase=V/sqrt(3); // Base voltage
+Pbase=hp*746/3; // Base power
+Zbase=Vbase^2/Pbase; // Base impedance
+
+R1=r1*Zbase;
+X1=x1*Zbase;
+R2=r2*Zbase;
+X2=x2*Zbase;
+Rfe=rfe*Zbase;
+XM=Xm*Zbase;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Motor resistance 1 = %0.3f Ohm",R1);
+printf("\n Motor reactance 1 = %0.3f Ohm",X1);
+printf("\n Motor resistance 2 = %0.3f Ohm",R2);
+printf("\n Motor reactance 2 = %0.3f Ohm",X2);
+printf("\n Field resistance = %0.2f Ohm",Rfe);
+printf("\n Reactance of motor = %0.2f Ohm",XM);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f260ea61 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40f81e3ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.16/EX5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +// Example 5.16
+// Determine (a) R1, R2, X1, X2, XM and the combined core, friction and windage
+// loss (b) Express the no-load current as a percent of rated current
+// Page No. 218
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+P3ph=2573.4; // 3-ph power of induction motor
+Vline=36.2; // Line voltage
+Iline=58; // Line current
+P3phnl=4664.4; // No load power
+Vlinenl=460; // No load line volatge
+Ilinenl=32.7; // No load line current
+Vdc=12; // DC voltage
+Idc=59; // DC current
+F1=60; // Rated frequency
+F2=15; // Test frequency
+Irated=57.8; // Rated current
+
+// (a) R1, R2, X1, X2, XM and the combined core, friction and windage loss
+Pbr15=P3ph/3; // Power/phase
+Vbr15=Vline/sqrt(3); // Voltage/phase
+Ibr15=Iline;
+PNL=P3phnl/3; // No load power/phase
+VNL=Vlinenl/sqrt(3); // No load voltage/phase
+INL=Ilinenl; // No load current/phase
+
+// Determination of R1
+Rdc=Vdc/Idc;
+R1=Rdc/2;
+
+// Determination of R2
+Zbr15=Vbr15/Ibr15; // Impedance
+Rbr15=Pbr15/Ibr15^2;
+R2=Rbr15-R1;
+
+// Determination of X1 and X2
+Xbr15=sqrt(Zbr15^2-Rbr15^2);
+Xbr60=Xbr15*(F1/F2);
+X1=0.4*Xbr60; // From Table 5.10
+X2=0.6*Xbr60;
+
+// Determination of XM
+SNL=VNL*INL;
+QNL=sqrt(SNL^2-PNL^2);
+XNL=QNL/INL^2;
+XM=XNL-X1;
+
+// Determination of combined friction, windage and core loss
+Ploss=PNL-(INL^2*R1);
+
+// (b) No-load current as a percent of rated current
+PerINL=INL*100/Irated;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Motor resistance 1 = %0.3f Ohm/phase",R1);
+printf("\n Motor reactance 1 = %0.4f Ohm/phase",X1);
+printf("\n Motor resistance 2 = %0.3f Ohm/phase",R2);
+printf("\n Motor reactance 2 = %0.4f Ohm/phase",X2);
+printf("\n Reactance of motor = %0.2f Ohm/phase",XM);
+printf("\n Combined friction, windage and core loss = %0.0f W/phase",Ploss);
+printf("\n No-load current as a percent of rated current = %0.1f Percent",PerINL);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2d2db027 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8e303f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.17/EX5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +// Example 5.17
+// Determine the active power that the motor, driven as an induction generator
+// delivers to the system.
+// Page No. 223
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+ns=1200; // Speed
+nr=1215;
+R1=0.200; // Motor resistance
+R2=0.250;
+X1=1.20; // Motor reactance
+X2=1.29;
+Rfe=317; // Field resistance
+XM=42; // Motor reactance
+V=460; // Voltage rating
+
+// Active power of the motor computation
+s=(ns-nr)/ns; // Speed difference
+Z2=(R2/s)+%i*X2;
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Z2_Mag=sqrt(real(Z2)^2+imag(Z2)^2); // Magnitude part
+Z2_Ang = atan(imag(Z2),real(Z2))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Z0_Num_Mag=Rfe*XM; // Z0 numerator
+Z0_Num_Ang=0+90;
+
+Z0_Den_R=Rfe; // Z0 denominator
+Z0_Den_I=XM;
+Z0_Den=Z0_Den_R+%i*Z0_Den_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Z0_Den_Mag=sqrt(real(Z0_Den)^2+imag(Z0_Den)^2); // Magnitude part
+Z0_Den_Ang = atan(imag(Z0_Den),real(Z0_Den))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Z0_Mag=Z0_Num_Mag/Z0_Den_Mag; // Magnitude of Z0
+Z0_Ang=Z0_Num_Ang-Z0_Den_Ang; // Angle of Z0
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+Z0_R=Z0_Mag*cos(-Z0_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+Z0_I=Z0_Mag*sin(Z0_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// ZP computation
+ZP_Num_Mag=Z2_Mag*Z0_Mag; // ZP numerator magnitude
+ZP_Num_Ang=Z2_Ang+Z0_Ang; // ZP numerator angle
+
+ZP_Den_R=real(Z2)+Z0_R; // Real part of ZP denominator
+ZP_Den_I=imag(Z2)+Z0_I;
+ZP_Den=ZP_Den_R+%i*ZP_Den_I; // ZP in complex form
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+ZP_Den_Mag=sqrt(real(ZP_Den)^2+imag(ZP_Den)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZP_Den_Ang = atan(imag(ZP_Den),real(ZP_Den))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+ZP_Mag=ZP_Num_Mag/ZP_Den_Mag; // Final vlaue of ZP in polar form
+ZP_Ang=ZP_Num_Ang-ZP_Den_Ang;
+// Polar to Complex form
+ZP_R=ZP_Mag*cos(-ZP_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+ZP_I=ZP_Mag*sin(ZP_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// Zin computation
+ZP=ZP_R+%i*ZP_I; // Parallel impedance
+Z1=R1+%i*X1;
+Zin=Z1+ZP; // Input impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zin_Mag=sqrt(real(Zin)^2+imag(Zin)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zin_Ang = atan(imag(Zin),real(Zin))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// I1 computation
+I1_Mag=(V/sqrt(3))/Zin_Mag; // I1 magnitude
+I1_Ang=0-Zin_Ang; // I1 angle
+
+// S computation
+S_Mag=3*(V/sqrt(3))*I1_Mag; // S magnitude
+S_Ang=0-(-Zin_Ang); // S angle
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+S_R=S_Mag*cos(-S_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+S_I=S_Mag*sin(S_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Active power of the motor = %0.0f W",S_R);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d9e3e903 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d5a3b810 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.18/EX5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Example 5.18 +// Computation of (a) Locked rotor torque and the expected average in rush +// current (b) Repeat part (a) assuming motor is started at reduced voltage +// with 65% tap (c) In rush line current line current when starting at reduced +// voltage +// Page No. 231 + +clc; +clear all; +close; + +// Given data +P=125; // Rated Voltage +n=1141; // Speed of machine +hp=125; // Horsepower rating of device +Vline=460; // Line voltage +ns=1200; // Stator speed +s=0.125; // Slip +ILS=683; // Current at low side + +// (a) Locked rotor torque and the expected average in rush current +Trated=P*5252/(n); // Rated torque +Tlr=1.25*Trated; // Locked rotor torque +kVA=(6.3+7.1)/2; +Ilr=(kVA*1000*hp)/(Vline*sqrt(3)); // In-rush current + +// (b) Locked rotor torque and the expected average in rush current when motor +// is started at reduced voltage +V2=0.65*Vline; // Voltage impressed across the stator +I=Ilr*0.65; // Average in-rush current +T2=Tlr*(V2/Vline)^2; // Locked rotor toreque +nr=ns*(1-s); + +// (c) In rush line current line current when starting at reduced voltage +a=1/0.65; // Bank ratio of autotransformer +IHS=ILS/a; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Locked rotor torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tlr); +printf("\n Expected average in-rush current = %0.0f A ",Ilr); +printf("\n Locked rotor torque when motor is started at reduced voltage = %0.1f lb-ft ",T2); +printf("\n In-rush line current = %0.0f A",IHS); + + diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..594d30e2e --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47f9361b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.19/EX5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example 5.19 +// Computation of (a) Locked rotor current per phase and minimum locked rotor +// torque when starting (b) Locked rotor current per phase when motor is delta +// connected (c) Code letter +// Page No.233 + +clc; +clear all; +close; + +// Given data +V=460; // Rated Voltage +Z=0.547; // Locked rotor impedance +n=1750; // Speed of machine +hp=60; // Horsepower rating of device +f=60; // Frequency of motor + + +// (a) Locked rotor current per phase and minimum locked rotor torque +Vphase=V/sqrt(3); // Voltage/phase +Ilr1=Vphase/Z; // Locked rotor current/phase +Trated=hp*5252/(n); // Rated torque +Tlr=1.4*Trated; // Locked rotor torque +T2=Tlr*(Vphase/V)^2; + +// (b) Locked rotor current per phase when motor is delta connected +Ilr=V/Z; // Locked rotor current/phase +Il=Ilr*sqrt(3); // Line current + +// (c) Code letter +Slr=sqrt(3)*V*Il/1000; // Code letter at rated voltage +kVA=Slr/f; + +// Display result on command window + +printf("\n Locked rotor current per phase = %0.1f A",Ilr1); +printf("\n Minimum locked rotor torque = %0.0f lb-ft",T2); +printf("\n Locked rotor current per phase when motor is delta connected = %0.0f A ",Il); +printf("\n Code letter = %0.1f",kVA); + + diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3097ef0b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e4e4692d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +// Example 5.2
+// Determine (a) Slip (b) Line current (c) Apparent power, active power,
+// reactive power and power factor of the motor (d) Equivalent rotor curret
+// (e) Stator copper loss (f) Rotor copper loss (g) Core loss (h) Air-gap
+// power (i) Mechanical power developed (j) Developed torque (k) Shaft
+// horsepower (l) Shaft torque (m) Effiency
+// Page No. 180
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency
+P=6; // Number of poles
+nr=1185;
+R1=0.200; // Motor resistance
+R2=0.250;
+X1=1.20; // Motor reactance
+X2=1.29;
+Rfe=317; // Field resistance
+XM=42; // Motor reactance
+V=460; // Voltage rating
+PFPS=166; // Stray loss
+
+// (a) Slip
+ns=(120*f)/P;
+s=(ns-nr)/ns; // Speed difference
+
+// (b) Line current
+Z2=(R2/s)+%i*X2;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Z2_Mag=sqrt(real(Z2)^2+imag(Z2)^2); // Magnitude part
+Z2_Ang = atan(imag(Z2),real(Z2))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Z0_Num_Mag=Rfe*XM; // Z0 numerator
+Z0_Num_Ang=0+90;
+
+Z0_Den_R=Rfe; // Z0 denominator
+Z0_Den_I=XM;
+Z0_Den=Z0_Den_R+%i*Z0_Den_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Z0_Den_Mag=sqrt(real(Z0_Den)^2+imag(Z0_Den)^2); // Magnitude part
+Z0_Den_Ang = atan(imag(Z0_Den),real(Z0_Den))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Z0_Mag=Z0_Num_Mag/Z0_Den_Mag; // Magnitude of Z0
+Z0_Ang=Z0_Num_Ang-Z0_Den_Ang; // Angle of Z0
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+Z0_R=Z0_Mag*cos(-Z0_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+Z0_I=Z0_Mag*sin(Z0_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// ZP computation
+ZP_Num_Mag=Z2_Mag*Z0_Mag; // ZP numerator magnitude
+ZP_Num_Ang=Z2_Ang+Z0_Ang; // ZP numerator angle
+
+ZP_Den_R=real(Z2)+Z0_R; // Real part of ZP denominator
+ZP_Den_I=imag(Z2)+Z0_I;
+ZP_Den=ZP_Den_R+%i*ZP_Den_I; // ZP in complex form
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+ZP_Den_Mag=sqrt(real(ZP_Den)^2+imag(ZP_Den)^2); // Magnitude part
+ZP_Den_Ang = atan(imag(ZP_Den),real(ZP_Den))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+ZP_Mag=ZP_Num_Mag/ZP_Den_Mag; // Final vlaue of ZP in polar form
+ZP_Ang=ZP_Num_Ang-ZP_Den_Ang;
+// Polar to Complex form
+ZP_R=ZP_Mag*cos(-ZP_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+ZP_I=ZP_Mag*sin(ZP_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+// Zin computation
+ZP=ZP_R+%i*ZP_I; // Parallel impedance
+Z1=R1+%i*X1;
+Zin=Z1+ZP; // Input impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zin_Mag=sqrt(real(Zin)^2+imag(Zin)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zin_Ang = atan(imag(Zin),real(Zin))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// I1 computation
+I1_Mag=(V/sqrt(3))/Zin_Mag; // I1 magnitude
+I1_Ang=0-Zin_Ang; // I1 angle
+
+// (c) Apparent power, active power, reactive power and power factor of the motor
+S_Mag=3*(V/sqrt(3))*I1_Mag; // S magnitude
+S_Ang=0-(-Zin_Ang); // S angle
+
+// Polar to Complex form
+S_R=S_Mag*cos(-S_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+S_I=S_Mag*sin(S_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+
+FP=cosd(S_Ang); // Power factor
+
+// (d) Equivalent rotor curret
+E2_Mag=I1_Mag*ZP_Mag; // E2 magnitude
+E2_Ang=I1_Ang+ZP_Ang; // E2 angle
+
+I2_Mag=E2_Mag/Z2_Mag; // I2 magnitude
+I2_Ang=E2_Ang-Z2_Ang; // I2 angle
+
+// (e) Stator copper loss
+Pscl=3*I1_Mag^2*R1;
+
+// (f) Rotor copper loss
+Prel=3*I2_Mag^2*R2;
+
+// (g) Core loss
+Pcore=3*(E2_Mag^2/Rfe);
+
+// (h) Air-gap power
+Pgap=Prel/s;
+
+// (i) Mechanical power developed
+Pmech=Prel*(1-s)/s;
+
+// (j) Developed torque
+TD=(21.12*I2_Mag^2*R2)/(s*ns);
+
+// (k) Shaft horsepower
+LOSS=Pscl+Prel+Pcore+PFPS;
+Pshaft=(S_R-LOSS)/746;
+
+// (l) Shaft torque
+T=5252*Pshaft/nr;
+
+// (m) Effiency
+eta=Pshaft/S_R*746;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Slip = %0.4f ",s);
+printf("\n Line current magnitude = %0.4f A",I1_Mag);
+printf("\n Line current angle = %0.4f deg",I1_Ang);
+printf("\n Apparent power = %0.0f W",S_R);
+printf("\n Active power = %0.0f var",S_I);
+printf("\n Reactive power = %0.0f VA",S_Mag);
+printf("\n Power factor of the motor = %0.3f ",FP);
+printf("\n Equivalent rotor curret magnitude = %0.4f A",I2_Mag);
+printf("\n Equivalent rotor curret angle = %0.4f deg",I2_Ang);
+printf("\n Stator copper loss = %0.0f W",Pscl);
+printf("\n Rotor copper loss = %0.0f W",Prel);
+printf("\n Core loss = %0.0f W",Pcore);
+printf("\n Air-gap power = %0.0f W",Pgap);
+printf("\n Mechanical power developed = %0.0f W",Pmech);
+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.2f lb-ft",TD);
+printf("\n Shaft horsepower = %0.2f hp",Pshaft);
+printf("\n Shaft torque = %0.1f lb-ft",T);
+printf("\n Effiency = %0.3f",eta);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec482cc3d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6f7966fa --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.20/EX5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 5.20 +// Computation of (a) Resistance of the resistors required to limit the locked +// rotor current to 3 times rated current (b) Stator voltage per phase at +// locked rotor (c) Expected minimum locked rotor torque when starting as a +// percent of rated torque +// Page No. 235 + +clc; +clear all; +close; + +// Given data +Ilr=3*78; // Locked rotor current +Vbranch=132.79; // Branch voltage +Rlr=0.2549; //Locked rotor resistance +Xlr=0.0978; //Locked rotor impedance +f=60; //Frequency of motor +Zlr=0.273; + +// (a) Resistance of the resistors required to limit the locked rotor current +// to 3 times rated current +Rex=sqrt((Vbranch^2/Ilr^2)-(Rlr^2))-Xlr; + +// (b) Stator voltage per phase at locked rotor +IZlr=Ilr*Zlr; +VT1_N=IZlr; + +// (c) Expected minimum locked rotor torque when starting as a percent of +// rated torque +// From table 5.1 --> Minimum locked rotor torque = 150% rated torque + +// Display result on command window + +printf("\n Resistance of the resistors required = %0.4f Ohm ",Rex); +printf("\n Stator voltage per phase at locked rotor = %0.2f V ",VT1_N); +disp('Expected minimum locked rotor torque = 1.5 Trated'); + + diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f18df762a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6893e689 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.21/EX5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 5.21 +// Computation of Inductance and voltage rating of each series connected +// inductor required to limit the starting current to approximately 2*Irated. +// Page No. 236 + +clc; +clear all; +close; + +// Given data +KVA=6.7; // Average locked rotor KVA/hp +hp=7.5; // Motor horsepower +Vline=208; // Line voltage +I=48; // Total current +Rlr=0.294; // Locked rotor resistance +Xlr=0.809; // Locked rotor impedance +f=60; // Frequency of motor + +// Corresponding approximate load current +Ilr=KVA*1000*hp/(sqrt(3)*Vline); +Vphase=Vline/sqrt(3); // Voltage/phase + +// Applying ohm's law to one phase +Zlr=Vphase/Ilr; // Impedance +Xex=sqrt((Vphase^2/I^2)-(Rlr^2))-Xlr; +L=Xex/(2*%pi*f); +L=L*10^03; +VXl=I*Xex; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n The inductance of each series connected inductor = %0.2f mH ",L); +printf("\n The voltage rating of each series connected inductor = %0.1f V ",VXl); + + diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..99c03fad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bd189876 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 5.3
+// Computation of (a) Speed at which maximum torque is developed (b) Maximum
+// torque that the machine can develop (c) Rated shaft torque (d) Which NEMA
+// design fits this motor?
+// Page No. 184
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency in Hz
+p=4; // Number of poles
+hp=40; // Horsepower
+n=1751; // Rated speed of machine
+v=460/sqrt(3); // Voltage
+s=0.1490; // Slip
+R2=0.153; // Rotor resistance
+R1=0.102;
+X1=0.409; // Rotor reactance
+X2=0.613;
+
+// (a) Speed at which maximum torque is developed
+STDmax=R2/(sqrt(R1^2+(X1+X2)^2));
+ns=120*f/p; //stator spped
+nr=ns*(1-s);
+
+// (b) Maximum torque that the machine can develop
+TDmax=(21.12*v^2)/(2*ns*(sqrt(R1^2+(X1+X2)^2)+R1));
+
+// (c) Rated shaft torque
+TDshaft=hp*5252/n;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Speed at which maximum torque is developed = %0.0f r/min ",nr);
+printf("\n Maximum torque that the machine can develop = %0.1f lb-ft ",TDmax);
+printf("\n Rated shaft torque = %0.1f lb-ft ",TDshaft);
+printf("\n Maximum torque is developed at slip of 0.1490 and \n hence machine is placed in design A category ");
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b125ce6ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4cfdeb7fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Example 5.4
+// Computation of (a) Amount of torque that must be removed from the motor
+// shaft to maintain 1760r/min (b) Expected minimum startimg torque for the
+// lower voltage (c) Percent change in developed torque caused by 10% drop in
+// system voltage.
+// Page No. 185
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+
+hp=50; // Horsepower
+n=1760; // Rated speed of machine
+v1=460;
+
+
+// (a) Amount of torque that must be removed from the motor shaft to maintain
+// 1760r/min
+v2=v1*0.90;
+Trated=hp*5252/n; //Rated torque
+TD2=Trated*(v2/v1)^2;
+Treduction=Trated-TD2;
+
+// (b) Expected minimum startimg torque for the lower voltage
+
+Tlr=1.40*Trated;
+Tlr2=Tlr*(v2/v1)^2;
+
+// (c) Percent change in developed torque caused by 10% drop in system voltage
+
+Tchange=(TD2-Trated)/Trated;
+Tchanger=(Tlr2-Tlr)/Tlr;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Amount of torque that must be removed from the motor shaft = %0.1f lb-ft",Treduction);
+printf("\n Expected minimum starting torque for the lower voltage = %0.1f lb-ft ",Tlr2);
+printf("\n Percent change in developed torque = %0.0f Percent ",Tchanger*100);
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab613c387 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d10f548e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Example 5.5
+// Computation of minimum value of (a) Shaft speed (b) Rotor current referred
+// to the stator
+// Page No. 187
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency in Hz
+p=12; // Number of poles
+nr=591.1; // Rated speed of machine
+v=575; // Voltage rating of the machine
+R2=0.055;
+
+// (a) Shaft speed
+ns=120*f/p; // Speed (r/min)
+s1=(ns-nr)/ns; // Slip 1
+s2=1.25*s1; // Slip 2
+nr1=ns*(1-s2);
+
+// (b) Rotor current referred to the stator
+V=v/sqrt(3);
+I2=V*s2/R2;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Shaft speed = %0.0f r/min ",nr1);
+printf("\n Rotor current referred to the stator = %0.0f A ",I2);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..307395ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fe573b8d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.6/EX5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Example 5.6
+// Determine (a) New operating speed if a system disturbance causes a 10% drop
+// in voltage and 6% drop in frequency (b) New shaft horsepower.
+// Page No. 190
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+etaV=0.90; // Efficiency related to voltage
+V=230; // Voltage
+etaF=0.94; // Efficiency related to voltage
+f=60; // Frequency
+N=6; // Number of poles
+nr1=1175; // Speed of motor
+P=20; // Horsepower of motor
+
+// (a) New operating speed if a system disturbance causes a 10% drop in
+// voltage and 6% drop in frequency
+V2=etaV*V; // New voltage after 10% drop
+f2=etaF*f; // New frequency after 6% drop
+ns1=120*f/N;
+ns2=120*0.94*f/N;
+s1=(ns1-nr1)/ns1; // Speed difference
+
+s2=s1*((V/V2)^2)*(f2/f);
+nr2=ns2*(1-s2); // New speed
+
+// (b) New shaft horsepower
+P2=P*(nr2/nr1); // With a constant torque load T2=T1
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n New operating speed in case of voltage and frequency drop = %0.0f r/min ",nr2);
+printf("\n New shaft horsepower = %0.1f hp ",P2);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea716da08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81ebcf6cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Example 5.7
+// Determine expected locked-rotor line current
+// Page No. 192
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Ir1=151; // Rated current
+V1=230; // Rated voltage
+V2=220; // Motor starting voltage
+F1=60; // Rated frequency
+F2=50; // Motor starting frequency
+
+// Expected locked-rotor line current
+Ir2=Ir1*((V2/F2)/(V1/F1));
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Expected locked-rotor line current = %0.0f A ",Ir2);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0efe979c --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..915351ce4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Example 5.8
+// Determine (a) Expected minimum locked-rotor torque (b) Repeat (a) when
+// voltage and frequency dropped to 230V and 58Hz
+// Page No. 193
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+HPrated=75; // Rated horsepower
+nrated=1750; // Rated speed
+V1=240; // Rated voltage
+V2=230; // Voltage after drop
+F1=60; // Rated frequency
+F2=58; // Frequency after drop
+
+// (a) Expected minimum locked-rotor torque
+Trated=5252*HPrated/nrated; // Rated torque
+Tlr=Trated*1.2; // Minimum locked-rotor torque is 120% rated
+
+// (b) Expected minimum locked-rotor torque when voltage and frequency dropped
+// to 230V and 58Hz
+Tlr2=Tlr*((V2/F2)^2)*((F1/V1)^2);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Expected minimum locked-rotor torque = %0.0f lb-ft",Tlr);
+printf("\n Expected minimum locked-rotor torque after drop = %0.0f lb-ft",Tlr2);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.png b/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc11e323b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce b/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1915fa0f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Example 5.9
+// Determine (a) Shaft r/min (b) Slip
+// Page No. 194
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+F1=60; // Rated frequency
+N=4; // Number of poles
+F2=50; // New frequency
+ns=1770; // Rated speed
+
+// (a) Shaft r/min
+ns60=120*F1/N; // Speed at rated ferquency
+ns50=120*F2/N; // Speed at 50 Hz frequency
+s60=(ns60-ns)/ns60; // Slip at 60 Hz frequency
+
+// Using eq. (5.16) and by solving..s50=29.251/nr50
+// Using eq. (4.3) and solving for nr50 we get the quadratic equation..
+// Using various values of quadratic equations, we have
+a=1;
+b=-1500;
+c=43876.5;
+r1=(-b+sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a); // Root 1
+
+r2=(-b-sqrt(b^2-4*a*c))/(2*a); // Root 2
+// Answer 'r2' is not valid
+
+// (b) Slip
+s50=(ns50-r1)/ns50;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Shaft speed = %0.0f r/min",r1);
+printf("\n Slip = %0.3f ",s50);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.png b/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0104e2be --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce b/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c9278007 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +// Example 6.1
+// Determine (a) Locked rotor current in each winding (b) Phase displacement
+// angle between the two currents (c) Locked rotor torque in terms of the
+// machine constant (d) External resistance required in series with the auxillary
+// winding in order to obtain a 30 degree phase displacement between the currents
+// in the two windings (e) Locked rotor torque for the conditions in (d)
+// (f) Percent increase in locked rotor torque due to the addition of external
+// resistance
+// Page No. 257
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Zmw=2.00+%i*3.50 // Main winding impedance
+Zaw=9.15+%i*8.40 // Auxillary winding impedance
+VT=120; // Transformer voltage
+Xaw=8.40; // Auxillary winding reactance
+Raw=9.15; // Auxillary winding resistance
+
+// (a) Locked rotor current in each winding
+// Main winding impedance in polar form
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zmw_Mag=sqrt(real(Zmw)^2+imag(Zmw)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zmw_Ang=atan(imag(Zmw),real(Zmw))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Auxillary winding impedance in polar form
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zaw_Mag=sqrt(real(Zaw)^2+imag(Zaw)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zaw_Ang=atan(imag(Zaw),real(Zaw))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Main winding current
+Imw_Mag=VT/Zmw_Mag; // Main winding current magnitude
+Imw_Ang=0-Zmw_Ang; // Main winding current angle
+
+// Auxillary winding current
+Iaw_Mag=VT/Zaw_Mag; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+Iaw_Ang=0-Zaw_Ang; // Auxillary winding current angle
+
+// (b) Phase displacement angle between the two currents
+Alpha=abs(Imw_Ang-Iaw_Ang);
+
+// (c) Locked rotor torque in terms of the machine constant
+Tlr=Imw_Mag*Iaw_Mag*sind(Alpha);
+
+// (d) External resistance required in seris with the auxillary winding in
+// order to obtain a 30 degree phase displacement between the currents in the
+// two windings
+Theta_awi=Imw_Ang+30; // Required phase angle
+Theta_awz=-Theta_awi;
+Rx=(Xaw/tand(Theta_awz))-Raw;
+
+// (e) Locked rotor torque for the conditions in (d)
+Zawnew=Raw+Rx+%i*Xaw; // Auxillary winding impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zmwnew_Mag=sqrt(real(Zawnew)^2+imag(Zawnew)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zmwnew_Ang=atan(imag(Zawnew),real(Zawnew))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Iawnew_Mag=VT/Zmwnew_Mag; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+Iawnew_Ang=0-Zmwnew_Ang; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+Tlenew=Imw_Mag*Iawnew_Mag*sind(30);
+
+// (f) Percent increase in locked rotor torque due to the addition of external
+// resistance
+PI=(Tlenew-Tlr)/Tlr*100;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Main winding current magnitude = %0.1f A ",Imw_Mag);
+printf("\n Main winding current angle = %0.1f deg ",Imw_Ang);
+printf("\n Auxillary winding current magnitude = %0.2f A ",Iaw_Mag);
+printf("\n Auxillary winding current angle = %0.1f deg ",Iaw_Ang);
+printf("\n Phase displacement angle = %0.1f deg ",Alpha);
+printf("\n Locked rotor torque in terms of the machine constant = %0.2f.Ksp ",Tlr);
+printf("\n External resistance required = %0.2f Ohm ",Rx);
+printf("\n Locked rotor torque = %0.1f.Ksp ",Tlenew);
+printf("\n Percent increase in locked rotor torque = %0.1f Percent increase ",PI);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.png b/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..04bb6e898 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce b/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc80a231f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +// Example 6.2
+// Determine (a) Capacitance required in series with the auxillary winding
+// in order to obtain a 90 degree phase displacement between the current in
+// the main winding and the current in the auxillary winding at locked rotor
+// (b) Locked rotor torque in terms of the machine constant
+// Page No. 265
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Zmw=2.00+%i*3.50 // Main winding impedance
+Zaw=9.15+%i*8.40 // Auxillary winding impedance
+VT=120; // Transformer voltage
+Xaw=8.40; // Auxillary winding reactance
+Raw=9.15; // Auxillary winding resistance
+f=60; // Frequency
+Tlr=107.1; // Original torque
+
+// (a) Capacitance required in series with the auxillary winding
+// Main winding impedance in polar form
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zmw_Mag=sqrt(real(Zmw)^2+imag(Zmw)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zmw_Ang=atan(imag(Zmw),real(Zmw))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Auxillary winding impedance in polar form
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zaw_Mag=sqrt(real(Zaw)^2+imag(Zaw)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zaw_Ang=atan(imag(Zaw),real(Zaw))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+// Main winding current
+Imw_Mag=VT/Zmw_Mag; // Main winding current magnitude
+Imw_Ang=0-Zmw_Ang; // Main winding current angle
+
+// Auxillary winding current
+Iaw_Mag=VT/Zaw_Mag; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+Iaw_Ang=0-Zaw_Ang; // Auxillary winding current angle
+
+Theta_awi=90-60.26; // Required phase angle
+Theta_awz=-Theta_awi;
+
+Xc=Xaw-Raw*tand(Theta_awz); // Capacitive reactance
+
+C=1/2*%pi*f*Xc; // Required capacitance
+
+
+// (b) Locked rotor torque in terms of the machine constant
+Zawnew=Raw+%i*Xaw-%i*Xc; // Auxillary winding impedance
+// Complex to Polar form...
+Zawnew_Mag=sqrt(real(Zawnew)^2+imag(Zawnew)^2); // Magnitude part
+Zawnew_Ang=atan(imag(Zawnew),real(Zawnew))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Iawnew_Mag=VT/Zawnew_Mag; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+Iawnew_Ang=0-Zawnew_Ang; // Auxillary winding current magnitude
+
+Tlenew=Imw_Mag*Iawnew_Mag*sind(90);
+
+// Percent change increase in locked rotor torque
+PI=(Tlenew-Tlr)/Tlr*100;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Required capacitance = %0.1f microF ",C);
+printf("\n Percent increase in locked rotor torque = %0.0f Percent",PI);
+
+//Note: Capacitor computation is wrong in the book
diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.png b/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..316fdbb36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce b/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81a014c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 6.3
+// Determine (a) NEMA standard horsepower rating of machine (b) Required
+// running capacitance (c) Additional capacitance required for starting
+// Page No. 271
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+hp=35; // Power in hp
+p=3; // Number of phase
+f=60; // Frequency
+
+
+// (a) NEMA standard horsepower rating of machine
+
+Prated3ph=hp*p/2;
+
+// (b)Required running capacitance
+
+C1=26.5*f;
+
+// (c) Additional capacitance required for starting.
+
+C2=230*f-C1;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n NEMA standard horsepower rating of machine = %0.1f hp ",Prated3ph);
+printf("\n Required running capacitance = %0.0f microF ",C1);
+printf("\n Additional capacitance required for starting = %0.0f microF ",C2);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.png b/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..febb6f820 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce b/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78eb2ca49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Example 6.4
+// Computation of (a) Motor line current and motor phase current (b) Motor line
+// current and motor phase current if one line opens (c) Line and phase
+// currents if the power factor when single phasing is 82.0 percent.
+// Page No. 274
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Vline=2300; // Line voltage
+Fp3ph=3; // Frequency of three phase
+PF=0.844; // Power factor
+PF1=0.820; // 82.2 percent power factor
+Pin=350*746/(0.936*2); // Input power
+
+
+// (a) Motor line current and motor phase current
+
+Iline3ph=Pin/(sqrt(3)*Vline*PF);
+Iphase3ph=Iline3ph;
+
+//(b) Motor line current and motor phase current if one line opens
+
+Iline1ph=(sqrt(3)*Iline3ph*PF)/PF;
+Iphase1ph=Iline1ph;
+
+// (c) Line and phase currents if the power factoe when single phasing is 82.0 percent.
+
+Iline=(Iline1ph*PF)/PF1;
+Iphase=Iline;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Motor line current = %0.1f A ",Iline3ph);
+printf("\n Motor phase current = %0.1f A ",Iphase3ph);
+printf("\n Motor line current if one line opens = %0.1f A ",Iline1ph);
+printf("\n Motor phase current if one line opens = %0.1f A ",Iphase1ph);
+printf("\n Line current if the power factor is 82.0 percent = %0.1f A",Iline);
+printf("\n Phase current if the power factor is 82.0 percent = %0.1f A ",Iphase);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.png b/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..db2043d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce b/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a567446c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Example 7.1
+// Determine (a) Torque load on the shaft (b) Torque angle if the voltage
+// drops to 224V (c) Will the rotor pull out of synchronism?
+// Page No. 282
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Frequency
+P=4; // Number of poles
+Pshaft=10; // Shaft power in hp
+V1=240; // Rated voltage
+V2=224; // New voltage
+phirel1=30; // Torque angle
+
+
+// (a) Torque load on the shaft
+ns=120*f/P; // speed of machine
+Trel=Pshaft*5252/ns;
+
+
+// (b) Torque angle if the voltage drops to 224V
+phirel2=asind((V1^2/V2^2)*sind(2*phirel1))/2
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Torque load on the shaft = %0.2f lb-ft ",Trel);
+printf("\n Torque angle if the voltage drops to 224V = %0.2f deg ",phirel2);
+printf("\n Because torque angle is less than 45 degree, \n the rotor will not pull out of synchronism ")
+
diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.png b/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..71ebf0a53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce b/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe64cb8a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 7.2
+// Determine (a) Resolution (b) Number of steps required for the rotor to make
+// 20.6 revolutions (c) Shaft speed if the stepping frequency is 1800 pulses/s
+// Page No. 287
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+betaa=2; // Step angle
+theta=20.6; // Number of revolutions
+fp=1800; // Stepping frequency
+
+
+// (a) Resolution
+stepsperrev=360/betaa; // Speed of machine
+
+
+// (b) Number of steps required for the rotor to make 20.6 revolutions
+steps=theta*360/betaa;
+
+
+// (c) Shaft speed if the stepping frequency is 1800 pulses/s.
+n=betaa*fp/360;
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Resolution = %0.0f ",stepsperrev);
+printf("\n Number of steps required for the rotor to make 20.6 revolutions = %0.0f ",steps);
+printf("\n Shaft speed if the stepping frequency is 1800 pulses/s = %0.0f r/s ",n);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.png b/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbbf804ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce b/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35ca5aaba --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 7.3
+// Determine (a) Synchronous speed (b) Rail speed assuming slip of 16.7%
+// Page No. 299
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=50; // Frequency of machine
+tau=0.24; // Pole pitch
+s=0.167; // Slip
+
+// (a) The synchronous speed
+Us=2*tau*f;
+
+// (b) Rail speed assuming slip of 16.7 percent
+U=Us*(1-s);
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n The synchronous speed = %0.0f m/s ",Us);
+printf("\n Rail speed assuming slip of 16.7 percent = %0.1f m/s ",U);
+
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..30c23eef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24ec65239 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +// Example 8.1
+// Determine (a) Developed torque (b) Armature current (c) Excitation voltage
+// (d) Power angle (e) Maximum torque
+// Page No. 317
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+f=60; // Operating frequency
+P=4; // Number of poles
+Pmech=100; // Mechanical power
+eta=0.96; // Efficiency
+FP=0.80; // Power factor leading
+V=460; // Motor voltage
+Xs_Mag=2.72; // Synchronous reactnace magnitude
+Xs_Ang=90; // Synchronous reactnace magnitude
+deltaPull=-90; // Pullout power angle
+// (a) Developed torque
+ns=120*f/P; // Synchronous speed
+Td=5252*Pmech/(ns*eta);
+
+
+// (b) Armature current
+S=Pmech*746/(eta*FP);
+Theta=-acosd(FP); // Power factor angle (negative as FP is leading)
+V1phi=V/sqrt(3); // Single line voltage
+S1phi_Mag=S/3; // Magnitude
+S1phi_Ang=Theta; // Angle
+VT_Mag=V1phi;
+VT_Ang=0;
+Ia_Mag=S1phi_Mag/VT_Mag; // Armature current magnitude
+Ia_Ang=S1phi_Ang-VT_Ang; // Armature current angle
+Ia_Ang=-Ia_Ang; // Complex conjugate of Ia
+
+// (c) Excitation voltage
+Var1_Mag=Ia_Mag*Xs_Mag;
+Var1_Ang=Ia_Ang+Xs_Ang;
+
+/////////
+N01=VT_Mag+%i*VT_Ang;
+N02=Var1_Mag+%i*Var1_Ang;
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+N01_R=VT_Mag*cos(-VT_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number 1
+N01_I=VT_Mag*sin(VT_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number 1
+
+N02_R=Var1_Mag*cos(-Var1_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number 2
+N02_I=Var1_Mag*sin(Var1_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number 2
+
+FinalNo_R=N01_R-N02_R;
+FinalNo_I=N01_I-N02_I;
+FinNum=FinalNo_R+%i*FinalNo_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+FN_M=sqrt(real(FinNum)^2+imag(FinNum)^2); // Magnitude part
+FN_A = atan(imag(FinNum),real(FinNum))*180/%pi;// Angle part
+//////
+Ef_Mag=FN_M;
+Ef_Ang=FN_A;
+// (d) Power angle
+delta=Ef_Ang;
+
+// (e) Maximum torque
+Pin=3*(-VT_Mag*Ef_Mag/Xs_Mag)*sind(deltaPull); // Active power input
+Tpull=5252*Pin/(746*ns);
+
+
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.0f lb-ft ",Td);
+printf("\n Armature current magnitude= %0.2f A ",Ia_Mag);
+printf("\n Armature current angle= %0.2f deg ",Ia_Ang);
+printf("\n Excitation voltage magnitude = %0.0f V ",Ef_Mag);
+printf("\n Excitation voltage angle = %0.1f deg ",Ef_Ang);
+printf("\n Power angle = %0.1f deg ",delta);
+printf("\n Maximum torque = %0.0f lb-ft ",Tpull);
+
+
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..150eb54d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78d9c790d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +// Example 8.2
+// Determine (a) The minimum value of excitation that will maintain
+// synchronism (b) Repeat (a) using eq.(8.16) (c) Repeat (a) using eq.(8.21)
+// (d) Power angle if the field excitation voltage is increased to 175% of the
+// stability limit determined in (c)
+// Page No. 322
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Pin=40; // Input power
+Pin1phase=40/3; // Single phase power
+Xs=1.27; // Synchronous reactnace
+VT=220/sqrt(3); // Voltage
+delta=-90; // Power angle
+
+f=60; // Operating frequency
+P=4; // Number of poles
+Pmech=100; // Mechanical power
+eta=0.96; // Efficiency
+FP=0.80; // Power factor leading
+V=460; // Motor voltage
+Xs_Mag=2.72; // Synchronous reactnace magnitude
+Xs_Ang=90; // Synchronous reactnace magnitude
+deltaPull=-90; // Pullout power angle
+
+// (a) The minimum value of excitation that will maintain synchronism
+Ef=98; // From the graph (Figure 8.13)
+
+// (b) The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.16)
+Ef816=-Pin*Xs*746/(3*VT*sind(delta));
+
+
+// (c) The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.21)
+Ef821=Xs*Pin1phase*746/(VT);
+
+// (d) Power angle if the field excitation voltage is increased to 175%
+delta2=Ef816*sind(delta)/(1.75*Ef816);
+delta2=asind(delta2);
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation = %0.0f V ",Ef);
+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.16) = %0.0f V ",Ef816);
+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.21) = %0.0f V ",Ef821);
+printf("\n Power angle = %0.0f deg ",delta2);
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..45bcea3a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cbeb0366a --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +// Example 8.3
+// Determine (a) System active power (b) Power factor of the synchronous motor
+// (c) System power factor (d) Percent change in synchronous field current
+// required to adjust the system power factor to unity (e) Power angle of the
+// synchronous motor for the conditions in (d)
+// Page No. 324
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+
+Php=400; // Power in hp
+eta=0.958; // Efficiency
+Pheater=50000; // Resistance heater power
+Vs=300; // Synchronous motor voltage
+eta2=0.96; // Synchronous motor efficiency
+Xs=0.667; // Synchronous reactnace
+VT=460; // 3-Phase supply voltage
+delta=-16.4; // Power angle
+
+// (a) System active power
+Pindmot=Php*0.75*746/(eta); // Motor operating at three quarter rated load
+Psynmot=Vs*0.5*746/(eta2); // Synchronous motor power
+Psys=Pindmot+Pheater+Psynmot;
+Psysk=Psys/1000;
+
+// (b) Power factor of the synchronous motor
+Pin=Psynmot; // Power input
+Vtph=VT/sqrt(3); // Voltage per phase
+Ef=-(Pin*Xs)/(3*Vtph*sind(delta));
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Ef_Mag=Ef; // Magnitude part
+Ef_Ang=delta; // Angle part
+Vtph_Mag=Vtph;
+Vtph_Ang=0;
+////////////
+N01=Ef_Mag+%i*Ef_Ang; // Ef in polar form
+N02=Vtph_Mag+%i*Vtph_Ang; // Vt in polar for
+
+N01_R=Ef_Mag*cos(-Ef_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Ef
+N01_I=Ef_Mag*sin(Ef_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Ef
+
+N02_R=Vtph_Mag*cos(-Vtph_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Vt
+N02_I=Vtph_Mag*sin(Vtph_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Vt
+
+FinalNo_R=N01_R-N02_R;
+FinalNo_I=N01_I-N02_I;
+FinNum=FinalNo_R+%i*FinalNo_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+FN_M=sqrt(real(FinNum)^2+imag(FinNum)^2); // Magnitude part
+FN_A = atan(imag(FinNum),real(FinNum))*180/%pi;// Angle part
+
+Ia_Mag=FN_M/Xs; // Magnitude of Ia
+Ia_Ang=FN_A-(-90); // Angle of Ia
+Theta=0-Ia_Ang;
+FP=cosd(Theta); // Power factor
+
+
+// (c) System power factor
+ThetaIndMot=acosd(0.891); // Induction motor power factor
+Thetaheat=acosd(1); // Heater power factor
+ThetaSyncMot=-34.06; // Synchronous motor power factor
+Qindmot=tand(27)*Pindmot;
+Qsynmot=tand(ThetaSyncMot)*Psynmot;
+Qsys=Qindmot+Qsynmot;
+Ssys=Psys+%i*Qsys; // System variable in complex form
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Ssys_Mag=sqrt(real(Ssys)^2+imag(Ssys)^2); // Magnitude part
+Ssys_Ang = atan(imag(Ssys),real(Ssys))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+FPsys=cosd(Ssys_Ang); // System power factor
+
+// (d) Percent change in synchronous field current required to adjust the
+// system power factor to unity
+
+Ssynmot=Psynmot-(%i*(-Qsynmot+Qsys)); // Synchronous motor system
+
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Ssynmot_Mag=sqrt(real(Ssynmot)^2+imag(Ssynmot)^2); // Magnitude part
+Ssynmot_Ang=atan(imag(Ssynmot),real(Ssynmot))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+Ssynmot1ph_Mag=Ssynmot_Mag/3; // For single phase magnitude
+Ssynmot1ph_Ang=Ssynmot_Ang; // For single phase angle
+
+Iastar_Mag=Ssynmot1ph_Mag/Vtph; // Current magnitude
+Iastar_Ang=Ssynmot1ph_Ang-0; // Current angle
+
+IaNew_Mag=Iastar_Mag;
+IaNew_Ang=-Iastar_Ang;
+
+IaXs_Mag=IaNew_Mag*Xs;
+IaXs_Ang=IaNew_Ang-90;
+
+// Convert these number into complex and then perform addition
+// Polar to Complex form
+
+// Y=29.416<-62.3043 //Polar form number
+IaXs_R=IaXs_Mag*cos(-IaXs_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number
+IaXs_I=IaXs_Mag*sin(IaXs_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number
+Efnew=Vtph+IaXs_R+%i*IaXs_I;
+// Complex to Polar form...
+
+Efnew_Mag=sqrt(real(Efnew)^2+imag(Efnew)^2); // Magnitude part
+Efnew_Ang=atan(imag(Efnew),real(Efnew))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+
+DeltaEf=(Efnew_Mag-Ef)/Ef;
+
+// (e) Power angle of the synchronous motor
+deltasynmot=Efnew_Ang;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n System active power = %0.1f kW ",Psysk);
+printf("\n Power factor of the synchronous motor = %0.3f leading ",FP);
+printf("\n System power factor = %0.3f lagging ",FPsys);
+printf("\n Percent change in synchronous field current = %0.2f Percent ",DeltaEf*100);
+printf("\n Power angle of the synchronous motor = %0.2f deg ",deltasynmot);
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..899c0333b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30001d1e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Example 8.4
+// Determine (a) Developed torque if the field current is adjusted so that the
+// excitation voltage is equal to two times the applied stator voltage, and the
+// power angle is -18 degrees (b) Developed torque in percent of rated torque,
+// if the load is increased until maximum reluctance torque occurs.
+// Page No. 328
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+Vt1ph=2300/sqrt(3); // Applied voltage/phase
+Ef1ph=2300/sqrt(3); // Excitation voltage/phase
+Xd=36.66; // Direct axis reactance/phase
+delta=-18; // Power angle
+Xq=23.33; // Quadrature-axis reactance/phase
+n=900; // Speed of motor
+deltanew=-45;
+RatTor=200; // Rated torque of motor
+// (a) Developed torque
+Pmag1ph=-((Vt1ph*2*Ef1ph)/Xd)*sind(delta); // Power
+Prel1ph=-Vt1ph^2*( (Xd-Xq) / (2*Xd*Xq)) *sind(2*delta); // Reluctance power
+Psal3ph=3*(Pmag1ph+Prel1ph); // Salient power of motor
+Psal3phHP=Psal3ph/746;
+T=(5252*Psal3phHP)/n; // Developed torque
+
+// (b) Developed torque in percent of rated torque
+// The reluctance torque has its maximum value at delta= -45 degrees
+Pmag1phnew=-((Vt1ph*2*Ef1ph)/Xd)*sind(deltanew); // Power
+Prel1phnew=-Vt1ph^2*( (Xd-Xq) / (2*Xd*Xq)) *sind(2*deltanew); // Reluctance power
+Psal3phnew=3*(Pmag1phnew+Prel1phnew); // Salient power of motor
+Psal3phHPnew=Psal3phnew/746;
+PerRatTorq=Psal3phHPnew*100/RatTor;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.0f lb-ft ",T);
+printf("\n Developed torque in percent of rated torque = %0.0f Percent ",PerRatTorq);
diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7aa5ceac --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..453a97c1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.1/EX9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +// Example 9.1
+// Determine (a) Turbine torque supplied to the alternator (b) Excitation
+// voltage (c) Active and reactive components of apparent power (d) Power
+// factor (e) Neglecting saturation effects, excitation voltage if the field
+// current is reduced to 85% of its voltage in (a) (f) Turbine speed.
+// Page No. 342
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+// Given data
+hp=112000; // Power input
+n=746*3600; // Speed
+VT=460; // 3-Phase supply voltage
+Pout=112000; // Power
+Xs=1.26; // Synchronous reactnace
+delta=25; // Power angle
+eta=0.85; // Percent reduction factor
+P=2; // Number of poles
+f=60; // Frequnecy
+
+// (a) Turbine torque supplied to the alternator
+T=(hp*5252)/n;
+
+// (b) Excitation voltage
+Vt=VT/sqrt(3); // Voltage/phase
+Ef=(Pout*Xs)/(3*Vt*sind(delta));
+
+// (c) Active and reactive components of apparent power
+// Vt=Ef-Ia*j*Xs
+// Solving for Vt-Ef
+Vt_Mag=Vt;
+Vt_Ang=0;
+Ef_Mag=Ef;
+Ef_Ang=delta;
+//
+N01=Ef_Mag+%i*Ef_Ang; // Ef in polar form
+N02=Vt_Mag+%i*Vt_Ang; // Vt in polar for
+
+N01_R=Ef_Mag*cos(-Ef_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Ef
+N01_I=Ef_Mag*sin(Ef_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Ef
+
+N02_R=Vt_Mag*cos(-Vt_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Vt
+N02_I=Vt_Mag*sin(Vt_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Vt
+
+FinalNo_R=N01_R-N02_R;
+FinalNo_I=N01_I-N02_I;
+FinNum=FinalNo_R+%i*FinalNo_I;
+
+// Now FinNum/Xs in polar form
+FinNum_Mag=sqrt(real(FinNum)^2+imag(FinNum)^2); // Magnitude part
+FinNum_Ang = atan(imag(FinNum),real(FinNum))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+Ia_Mag=FinNum_Mag/Xs;
+Ia_Ang=FinNum_Ang-90;
+
+// Computation of S=3*Vt*Ia*
+S_Mag=3*Vt_Mag*Ia_Mag;
+S_Ang=Vt_Ang+-Ia_Ang;
+
+// Polar to complex form
+S_R=S_Mag*cos(-S_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number S
+S_I=S_Mag*sin(S_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number S
+
+// (d) Power factor
+Fp=cosd(Ia_Ang);
+
+// (e) Excitation voltage
+Efnew=eta*Ef_Mag;
+
+// (f) Turbine speed
+ns=120*f/P;
+
+// Display result on command window
+printf("\n Turbine torque supplied to the alternator = %0.1f lb-ft ",T);
+printf("\n Excitation voltage = %0.1f V/phase ",Ef);
+printf("\n Active components of apparent power= %0.0f kW ",S_R/1000);
+printf("\n Reactive components of apparent power= %0.1f kvar lagging ",S_I/1000);
+printf("\n Power factor = %0.2f lagging ",Fp);
+printf("\n Excitation voltage new = %0.1f V/phase ",Efnew);
+printf("\n Turbine speed = %0.0f r/min ",ns);
diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cd2c84bd --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0adf55f18 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.10/EX9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +// Example 9.10 +// Repeat the example 9.9 assuming 90 % leading power factor +// Determine (a) Excitation voltage (b) Power angle (c) No load voltage, +// assuming the field current is not changed (d) Voltage regulation (e) No load +// voltage if the field current is reduced to 80% of its value at rated load. +// Page 372 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +V=4800; // Voltage of synchronous generator +PF=0.900; // Lagging power factor +S_Mag=1000000/3; +Xa_Mag=13.80; // Synchronous reactance +Xa_Ang=90; +Vt_Ang=0; + +// (a) Excitation voltage +Vt=V/sqrt(3); +Theta=acosd(PF); // Angle +Ia_Magstar=S_Mag/Vt; // Magnitude of curent +Ia_Angstar=Theta-0; // Angle of current +Ia_Mag=Ia_Magstar; +Ia_Ang=Ia_Angstar; + +// Ef=Vt+Ia*j*Xa +// First compute Ia*Xa +IaXa_Mag=Ia_Mag*Xa_Mag; +IaXa_Ang=Ia_Ang+Xa_Ang; +// Polar to Complex form for IaXa +IaXa_R=IaXa_Mag*cos(-IaXa_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number +IaXa_I=IaXa_Mag*sin(IaXa_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number +// Vt term in polar form +Vt_Mag=Vt; +Vt_Ang=Vt_Ang; +// Polar to Complex form for Vt +Vt_R=Vt_Mag*cos(-Vt_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number +Vt_I=Vt_Mag*sin(Vt_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number +// Ef in complex form +Ef_R=IaXa_R+Vt_R; +Ef_I=IaXa_I+Vt_I; +Ef=Ef_R+%i*Ef_I; +// Complex to Polar form for Ef +Ef_Mag=sqrt(real(Ef)^2+imag(Ef)^2); // Magnitude part +Ef_Ang= atan(imag(Ef),real(Ef))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+ +// (b) Power angle +PA=Ef_Ang; + +// (c) No load voltage, assuming the field current is not changed +// From figure 9.23 (b) +VolAxis=Vt_Mag/30; // The scale at the given voltage axis +Ef_loc=Ef_Mag/VolAxis; // Location of Ef voltage +Vnl=29*VolAxis; // No load voltage + +// (d) Voltage regulation +VR=(Vnl-Vt)/Vt*100; + + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Excitation voltage = %0.0f V ",Ef_Mag); +printf("\n Power angle = %0.1f deg ",PA); +printf("\n No load voltage = %0.0f V ",Vnl); +printf("\n Voltage regulation = %0.2f Percent ",VR); +disp('The leading power factor resulted in a negativr voltage regulation') + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f56c7065 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df7931fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.11/EX9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Example 9.11 +// Determine (a) Equivalent armature resistance (b) Synchronous reactance +// (c) Short-circuit ratio +// Page 377 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +Vdc=10.35; // DC voltage +Idc=52.80; // DC current +VOCph=240/sqrt(3); // Open-circuit phase voltage +ISCph=115.65; // Short-circuit phase current +P=50000; +V=240; // Supply voltage + +// (a) Equivalent armature resistance +Rdc=Vdc/Idc; // DC resistance +Rgamma=Rdc/2; +Ra=1.2*Rgamma; // Armature resistance + +// (b) Synchronous reactance +Zs= VOCph/ISCph; // Synchronous impedance/phase +Xs=sqrt(Zs^2-Ra^2); + +// (c) Short-circuit ratio +Sbase=P/3; // Power/phase +Vbase=V/sqrt(3); // Voltage/phase +Zbase=Vbase^2/Sbase; +Xpu=Xs/Zbase; // Per unit synchronous reactance +SCR=1/Xpu; // Short-circuit ratio + + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Equivalent armature resistance = %0.4f Ohm ",Ra); +printf("\n Synchronous reactance = %0.4f Ohm ",Xs); +printf("\n Short-circuit ratio = %0.3f ",SCR); + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..219a86c2d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02d615f88 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.2/EX9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Example 9.2 +// Determine (a) Speed regulation (b) Governor drop +// Page 351 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +fn1=61.2; // No-load frequency +frated=60; // Rated requency +deltaP=500; // Governor rated power +// (a) Speed regulation +GSR=(fn1-frated)/frated; + +// (b) Governor drop +deltaF=(fn1-frated); // Frequency difference +GD=deltaF/deltaP; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Speed regulation = %0.2f ",GSR); +printf("\n Governor drop = %0.5f Hz/kW ",GD); + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..06da73ec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfccb7b04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.3/EX9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 9.3 +// Determine (a) Frequency of generator A (b) Frequency of generator B +// (c) Frequency of bus +// Page 358 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +GSR=0.020; // Governor speed regulation +Frated=60; // Rated frequency +deltaPa=100; // Change in load (200-100 =100 KW) +Prated=500; // Rated power of both generators + + +// (a) Frequency of generator A +deltaFa=(GSR*Frated*deltaPa)/Prated; // Change in frequency due to change in load +Fa=Frated+deltaFa; // Frequency of generator A + +// (b) Frequency of generator B +deltaFb=0.24; // Since both machines are identical +Fb=Frated-deltaFb; + +// (c) Frequency of bus +Fbus=Fb; // Bus frequency is frequency of generator B + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Frequency of generator A = %0.2f Hz ",Fa); +printf("\n Frequency of generator B = %0.2f Hz ",Fb); +printf("\n Frequency of bus = %0.2f Hz ",Fbus); + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e0487052 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03cbf6291 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.4/EX9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Example 9.4 +// Determine (a) Operating frequency (b) Load carried by each machine +// Page 359 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +GSR=0.0243; // Governor speed regulation +Frated=60; // Rated frequency +deltaPa=500; // Change in load for alternator A +Prateda=500; // Rated power of alternator A +deltaPb=400; // Change in load for alternator B +Pratedb=300; // Rated power of alternator B +Pch=100; // Change is power (500-400=100 KW)) +Pchmach=200; // Power difference (500-300=200 KW) + +// (a) Operating frequency +// From the curve in figure 9.17 +// GSR*Frated/Prated=deltaP/deltaP + +deltaF=(deltaPa-deltaPb)/548.697; // Change in frequency +Fbus=60.5-deltaF; + + +// (b) Load carried by each machine +deltaPa=(deltaF*Prateda)/(GSR*Frated); // Change in power for machine A +deltaPb=Pch-deltaPa; // Change in power for machine B +Pa=Pchmach+deltaPa; +Pb=Pchmach+deltaPb; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Operating frequency = %0.3f Hz ",Fbus); +printf("\n Load carried by machine A = %0.2f kW",Pa); +printf("\n Load carried by machine B = %0.2f kW",Pb); + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f57f90bf --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9864d5ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.5/EX9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Example 9.5 +// Determine (a) Bus frequency (b) Load on each machine +// Page 360 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +Padd=720; // Additional load connected +GD=0.0008; // Governor droop +f=60.2; // Frequency of machine +Pbus=900; // Bus load + +// (a) Bus frequency +deltaPa=Padd/2; +deltaPb=deltaPa; // Since both machines have identical governor drops +deltaF=GD*deltaPa; // Change in frequency +Fbus=f-deltaF; + +// (b) Load on each machine +Pa=(2/3)*Pbus+deltaPa; // Load on machine A +Pb=(1/3)*Pbus+deltaPb; // Load on machine B + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Bus frequency = %0.2f Hz ",Fbus); +printf("\n Load on machine A = %0.0f kW",Pa); +printf("\n Load on machine B = %0.0f kW",Pb); + diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c15480fb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2a20c23b --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.6/EX9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +// Example 9.6 +// Determine (a) System kilowatts (b) System frequency (c) kilowatt loads +// carried by each machine +// Page 361 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +Pres=440; // Resistive load +PF=0.8; // Power factor +Pind=200; // Induction motor power +Palt=210; // Alternator bus load +deltaPa=70; // Change in load for machine A +f=60; // Frequency +deltaPb=70; // Change in load for machine B +deltaPc=70; // Change in load for machine C + +// (a) System kilowatts +deltaPbus=Pres+PF*Pind; // Increase in bus load +Psys=Palt+deltaPbus; + +// (b) System frequency +GDa=(60.2-f)/deltaPa; // Governor droop for machine A +GDb=(60.4-f)/deltaPb; // Governor droop for machine B +GDc=(60.6-f)/deltaPc; // Governor droop for machine C +// From the figure 9.18(b) +deltaF=600/(350+175+116.6667) ; +f2=f-deltaF; + +// (c) Kilowatt loads carried by each machine +Pa2=deltaPa+350*deltaF; +Pb2=deltaPb+175*deltaF; +Pc2=deltaPc+116.6667*deltaF; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n System kilowatts = %0.0f kW ",Psys); +printf("\n System frequency = %0.2f Hz",f2); +printf("\n Kilowatt loads carried by machine A = %0.1f kW",Pa2); +printf("\n Kilowatt loads carried by machine B = %0.1f kW",Pb2); +printf("\n Kilowatt loads carried by machine C = %0.1f kW",Pc2); diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e00dd7abe --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c811616d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.7/EX9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Example 9.7 +// Determine (a) Active and reactive components of the bus load (b) If the +// power factor of generator A is 0.94 lagging, determine the reactive power +// supplied by each machine. +// Page 366 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +Pbuspower=500; // Power supplied +Pind=200; // Induction motor power +PF=0.852; // Percent power factor +NA=2; // Number of alternators +LPF=0.94; // Lagging power factor + +// (a) Active and reactive components of the bus load +Pbus=Pbuspower+Pind*PF; // Active component of the bus load +ThetaMot=acosd(PF); // Power angle of motor +Qbus=Pind*sind(ThetaMot); // Reactive component the bus load + +// (b) Reactive power supplied by each machine +Pa=Pbus/NA; // Alternator A power +ThetaA=acosd(LPF); // Alternator A angle +Qa=tand(ThetaA)*Pa; // Reactive power supplied by machine A +Qb=Qbus-Qa; // Reactive power supplied by machine B + + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Active component of the bus load = %0.2f kW ",Pbus); +printf("\n Reactive component of the bus load = %0.1f kvar",Qbus); +printf("\n Reactive power supplied by machine A = %0.1f kvar",Qa); +printf("\n Reactive power supplied by machine B = %0.1f kvar",Qb); diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..72bdb8964 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5906bbf8d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.8/EX9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Example 9.8 +// Computation of per-unit impedance of a generator +// Page 368 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +P=100000; // Power of synchronous generator +V=480; // Voltage of synchronous generator +Ra=0.0800; // Resistive component +Xs=2.3; // Reactive component + +// Computation of per-unit impedance of a generator +Sbase=P/3; // Rated apparent power per phase +Vbase=V/sqrt(3); // Rated voltage per phase +Zbase=Vbase^2/Sbase; // Rated impedance +Rpu=Ra/Zbase; // Per unit resistance +Xpu=Xs/Zbase; // Per unit reactance + +Zpu=Rpu+%i*Xpu; // Per unit impedance + +// Complex to Polar form... +Zpu_Mag=sqrt(real(Zpu)^2+imag(Zpu)^2); // Magnitude part +Zpu_Ang = atan(imag(Zpu),real(Zpu))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+ +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Per-unit impedance magnitude = %0.4f Ohm ",Zpu_Mag); +printf("\n Per-unit impedance angle = %0.2f deg ",Zpu_Ang); diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.png b/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a837c7d8d --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.png diff --git a/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.sce b/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de0d1fd19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3574/CH9/EX9.9/EX9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +// Example 9.9 +// Determine (a) Excitation voltage (b) Power angle (c) No load voltage, +// assuming the field current is not changed (d) Voltage regulation (e) No load +// voltage if the field current is reduced to 80% of its value at rated load. +// Page 369 + +clc; +clear; +close; + +// Given data +V=4800; // Voltage of synchronous generator +PF=0.900; // Lagging power factor +S_Mag=1000000/3; +Xa_Mag=13.80; // Synchronous reactance +Xa_Ang=90; +Vt_Ang=0; + +// (a) Excitation voltage +Vt=V/sqrt(3); +Theta=acosd(PF); // Angle +Ia_Magstar=S_Mag/Vt; // Magnitude of curent +Ia_Angstar=Theta-0; // Angle of current +Ia_Mag=Ia_Magstar; +Ia_Ang=-Ia_Angstar; + +// Ef=Vt+Ia*j*Xa +// First compute Ia*Xa +IaXa_Mag=Ia_Mag*Xa_Mag; +IaXa_Ang=Ia_Ang+Xa_Ang; +// Polar to Complex form for IaXa +IaXa_R=IaXa_Mag*cos(-IaXa_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number +IaXa_I=IaXa_Mag*sin(IaXa_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number +// Vt term in polar form +Vt_Mag=Vt; +Vt_Ang=Vt_Ang; +// Polar to Complex form for Vt +Vt_R=Vt_Mag*cos(-Vt_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number +Vt_I=Vt_Mag*sin(Vt_Ang*%pi/180); // Imaginary part of complex number +// Ef in complex form +Ef_R=IaXa_R+Vt_R; +Ef_I=IaXa_I+Vt_I; +Ef=Ef_R+%i*Ef_I; +// Complex to Polar form for Ef +Ef_Mag=sqrt(real(Ef)^2+imag(Ef)^2); // Magnitude part +Ef_Ang= atan(imag(Ef),real(Ef))*180/%pi; // Angle part
+ +// (b) Power angle +PA=Ef_Ang; + +// (c) No load voltage, assuming the field current is not changed +// From figure 9.23 (b) +VolAxis=Vt_Mag/30; // The scale at the given voltage axis +Ef_loc=Ef_Mag/VolAxis; // Location of Ef voltage +Vnl=33.4*VolAxis; // No load voltage + +// (d) Voltage regulation +VR=(Vnl-Vt)/Vt*100; + +// (e) No load voltage if the field current is reduced to 80% +Vnlnew=31*VolAxis; + +// Display result on command window +printf("\n Excitation voltage = %0.0f V ",Ef_Mag); +printf("\n Power angle = %0.1f deg ",PA); +printf("\n No load voltage = %0.0f V ",Vnl); +printf("\n Voltage regulation = %0.0f Percent ",VR); +printf("\n No load voltage when field current is reduced to 80 percent = %0.0f V ",Vnlnew); |
