initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d43fbab83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.1

+//To Find (a)Discharge  (b)Diameter of Hub And Diameter of Runner (c)Speed

+

+    clc

+     clear

+     

+//Given:

+   P=37;   //Shaft Power, MW

+   H=22;   //Head, m

+   eta_0=92/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   dbyD=1/3;   //Ratio of Diameters of Hub and Runner

+   Kf=0.6;     //Flow Ratio

+   Ku=2;       //Speed Ratio

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+  //(a)Discharge, Q

+     Q=P*10^6/(rho*g*H*eta_0);   //m^3/s

+

+  //(b)Diameter of Hub(d) And Diameter of Runner(D)

+      d=sqrt(Q/((%pi/4)*Kf*sqrt(2*g*H)*(dbyD^-2-1)));   //m

+      D=d/dbyD;  //m

+  

+  //(c) Speed,N

+     N=Ku*60*sqrt(2*g*H)/(%pi*D);  // rpm

+

+//Results

+  printf("(a)Discharge, Q=%.2f m^3/s \n",Q)   //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf(" (b)Diameter of Hub, d=%.2f m \n",d)    

+  printf("   Diameter of Runner, D=%.2f m \n",D)   //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf(" (c)Speed, N=%.2f rpm \n",N)   //The answer vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..958dbe84a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.10

+//To Determine (i)Hydraulic Efficiency of turbine (ii)Discharge through the turbine  (iii)Power Developed by the Runner

+

+clc

+clear

+

+//Given:

+       D=4.5;     // Runner Diameter, m

+       N=48;      // Speed, rpm

+       Alpha_i=145;      //Guide Vane Angle at Inlet, Degrees    

+       Beta_o=25;          //Runner blade Angle at Outlet

+       A=30;        //Flow Area, m^2

+    //As runner blade angle at inlet is radial

+       Beta_i=90     //Degrees

+

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Calculations

+       u=%pi*D*N/60;  //Velocity of Runner,m/s

+      ui=u;

+      uo=u;

+      Vwi=ui;

+   Vfi=ui*tand(180-Alpha_i);    //m/s

+      Vfo=Vfi;

+   Vrwo=Vfo/tand(Beta_o);   //m/s

+   Vwo=Vrwo-uo;      //The answer vary because wrong Value of uo is used to calculate Vwo in the textbook

+   Vo=sqrt(Vfo^2+Vwo^2);   //m/s       //The answer vary because wrong Value of Vwo is used to calculate Vo in the textbook

+

+//(i)Hydraulic Efficiency, eta_H

+     H= (Vwi-Vwo)*u/g+Vo^2/(2*g);     // Head, m       //The answer vary because wrong Value of Vo and Vwo is used to calculate H in the textbook

+    eta_H=(Vwi*ui-Vwo*uo)*100/(g*H);     //Percent(%)

+

+//(ii) Discharge through the turbine, Q

+      Q=A*Vfi;     //m^3/s

+//(iii)Power Developed by the Runner, P

+   P=rho*Q*(Vwi-Vwo)*u/10^6;    //MW

+//Results

+    printf("(i)Hydraulic Efficiency, eta_H=%.2f Percent\n",eta_H)     //The answer given in the textbook is wrong

+    printf("(ii) Discharge through the turbine, Q =%.1fm^3/s\n",Q)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+    printf("(iii)Power Developed by the Runner, P =%.3fMW\n",P)      //The answer given in the textbook is wrong

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42e18e65f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.2

+//To Find Diameter of Runner, Speed of Runner and Specific Speed of Turbine

+

+     clc

+     clear

+

+//Given:

+   P=8;   //Shaft Power, MW

+   H=6;   //Head, m

+   Ku=2.09;       //Speed Ratio

+   Kf=0.68;     //Flow Ratio

+   eta_0=90/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   dbyD=1/3;   //Ratio of Diameters of Hub and Runner

+   

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+     Q=P*10^6/(rho*g*H*eta_0);  //Discharge, m^3/s

+     d=sqrt(Q/((%pi/4)*Kf*sqrt(2*g*H)*(dbyD^-2-1)));   //Diameter of hub, m

+     D=d/dbyD;  //Diameter of runner, m

+     N=Ku*60*sqrt(2*g*H)/(%pi*D);  //Speed of Runner, rpm

+     Ns=N*(P*10^3)^(1/2)/(H^(5/4));   //Specific Speed of Turbine, SI Units

+ 

+//Results

+  printf("Diameter of Runner, D =%.1f m \n",D)

+  printf("Speed of Runner, N = %.2f rpm \n",N)   //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong

+  printf("Specific Speed of Turbine, Ns = %.2f (SI Units)",Ns)  //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong(Due to error in N)

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1efab0a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.3

+//To Find (a)Inlet and Outlet blade Angles  (b)Mechanical Efficiency  (c)Volumetric Efficiency

+

+     clc

+      clear

+      

+//Given:

+   D=6;    //Outer Diameter of Runner, m

+   d=2;    //Inner Diameter of Runner, m

+   P=30;   //Shaft Power, MW

+   N=75;   //Speed, rpm

+   H=12;   //Head, m

+   Q=310   //Discharge through the Runner, m^3/s

+   eta_H=96/100;  //Hydraulic Efficiency

+      

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+   u=%pi*D*N/60;     //Velocity of runner, m/s

+   ui=u;

+   uo=u;

+   Vf=Q/((%pi/4)*(D^2-d^2))     // m/s

+   Vfi=Vf;

+   Vfo=Vf;

+   Vwi=eta_H*g*H/ui;   // m/s  //The Answer Vary Because Value of ui used in book is Wrong

+

+//(a)Inlet and Outlet blade Angles, Beta_i and Beta_o

+

+    Beta_i=180-atand(Vfi/(ui-Vwi));   //Degrees

+    Beta_o=atand(Vfo/uo);    //Degrees

+

+//(b)Mechanical Efficiency,eta_m 

+   

+    eta_M=P*10^6/(rho*Q*Vwi*ui)*100;   //percentage(%)    //The Answer Vary Because Value of Vwi used in book is Wrong

+

+//(c)Volumetric Efficiency, eta_v

+

+   eta_o=P*10^6/(rho*Q*g*H)*100;    //Overall Efficiency, percentage(%)

+   eta_v=eta_o/(eta_M*eta_H);   //percentage(%)    //The Answer Vary Because Value of eta_m used in book is Wrong

+

+//Results

+

+  printf("(a)Inlet Blade Angle, Beta_i=%.2f degrees and \n",Beta_i)    //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf("   Outlet Blade Angle, Beta_o=%.2f degrees \n",Beta_o)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf("(b)Mechanical Efficiency, eta_m=%.2f percent\n",eta_M)     //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong

+  printf("(c)Volumetric Efficiency, eta_v=%.2f percent\n ",eta_o)    //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong

+

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffbb756b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.4

+//To Find (a)Discharge  (b)Hydraulic Efficiency (c)Overall Efficiency  (d)Specific Speed

+

+  clc

+  clear

+  

+//Given:

+     N=30   //Speed, rpm

+     Alpha_i=31;    //Inlet Guide Vane Angle, Degrees

+     Beta_i=90;      //Inlet Runner Vane Angle, Degrees

+     Beta_o=24;      //Outlet Runner Vane Angle, Degrees

+     Dm=4;         //Mean Diameter of Runner, m

+     A=31;        //Area of Flow, m^2

+     ML=5;    //Percent of Mechanical Loss

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+   u=%pi*Dm*N/60;     //Velocity of runner, m/s

+   ui=u;

+   uo=u;

+   Vwi=ui;

+     Vfi=ui*tand(Alpha_i);    //m/s

+  Vf=Vfi;

+  Vfo=Vfi;

+ Vrwo=Vfo/tand(Beta_o);    //m/s

+ Vwo=Vrwo-uo;

+  Vo=sqrt(Vfo^2+Vwo^2);      //m/s

+//(a)Discharge, Q

+     Q=A*Vfi;     //m^3/s

+//(b) Hydraulic Efficiency, eta_H

+     H= (Vwi+Vwo) *u/g+Vo^2/(2*g);     // Head, m 

+    eta_H=(Vwi*ui+Vwo*uo)*100/(g*H);     //Percent(%)

+//(c)Overall  Efficiency, eta_o

+     P=rho*Q*(Vwi+Vwo)*u*(1-ML/100);    //Shaft Power,  Watt(w)

+     eta_o=P/(rho*Q*g*H)*100;      //Percent(%)

+//(d)Specific Speed,Ns

+   Ns=N*sqrt(P/1000)/(H^(5/4));    //SI Units

+

+//Results

+  printf("(a)Discharge, Q=%.2f m^3/s\n",Q)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf("(b) Hydraulic Efficiency,  eta_H =%.2f  Percent\n", eta_H)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf("(c) Overall Efficiency,  eta_o =%.2f  Percent\n", eta_o)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+  printf("(d)Specific Speed, Ns =%.2f  (SI Units)\n", Ns)       //The answer vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d2d317e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.5

+//To Find (a)Guide Vane Angle at Inlet  (b)Runner Vane Angle at Inlet 

+

+clc

+clear

+

+//Given:

+   P=22500 //Shaft Power, KW

+   H=20;   //Head, m

+   N=148;   //Speed, rpm 

+   eta_H=95/100;  //Hydraulic Efficiency 

+   eta_o=89/100;  //Overall Efficiency 

+   D=4.5;    //Diameter of Runner, m

+   d=2;    //Diameter of Hub, m

+   Beta_o=34   //Runner Vane Angle at Outlet, Degrees   

+      

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+   u=%pi*D*N/60;     //Velocity of runner, m/s

+   Q=P*10^3/(rho*g*H*eta_o);   //Discharge, m^3/s 

+        Vfi=Q/((%pi/4)*(D^2-d^2));     // m/s

+  //As Velocity of Flow is Constant

+          ui=u;

+          uo=u;

+        Vfo=Vfi;

+        Vf=Vfo;

+    Vrwo=Vfo/tand(Beta_o);    //m/s

+    Vwo=uo-Vrwo;

+         Vo=sqrt(Vfo^2+Vwo^2);      //m/s

+        Vwi=(g*H-Vo^2/2)/u+Vwo ;    //m/s

+//(a)Guide Vane Angle at Inlet,Alpha_i

+     Alpha_i=atand(Vfi/Vwi);     //Degrees

+//(b)Runner Vane Angle at Inlet,Beta_i

+      Beta_i=180-atand(Vfi/(ui-Vwi));   //Degrees

+

+//Results

+        printf("(a)Guide Vane Angle at Inlet, Alpha_i=%.2f Degrees\n",Alpha_i)    //The answer vary due to round off error

+       printf("(b)Runner Vane Angle at Inlet, Beta_i =%.f Degrees\n",Beta_i)    //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong

+

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b89471bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.6

+//To Find (a)Diameter of Runner  (b)Speed of Turbine (c)Specific Speed of the turbine

+

+      clc

+      clear

+

+//Given:

+   P=9100;   //Shaft Power, KW

+   H=5.6;   //Net Available Head, m

+   Ku=2.09;       //Speed Ratio

+   Kf=0.68;     //Flow Ratio

+   eta_0=86/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   dbyD=1/3;   //Ratio of Diameters of Hub and Runner

+   

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+     Q=P*10^3/(rho*g*H*eta_0);   //Discharge, m^3/s

+

+

+      d=sqrt(Q/((%pi/4)*Kf*sqrt(2*g*H)*(dbyD^-2-1)));   // Diameter of Hub ,m

+  //(i) Diameter of Runner ,D

+      D=d/dbyD;  //m

+  

+  //(ii) Speed of Turbine,N

+     N=Ku*60*sqrt(2*g*H)/(%pi*D);  // rpm

+//(iii) Specific Speed of Turbine, Ns

+     Ns=N*(P)^(1/2)/(H^(5/4));   // SI Units

+

+

+//Results 

+    printf("(i)Diameter of Runner , D=%.2f m\n",D)

+    printf("(ii)Speed of Turbine, N =%.2f rpm\n",N)    //The answer vary due to round off error

+    printf("(iii) Specific Speed of Turbine, Ns =%.2f (SI Units)\n",Ns)    //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong(Due to error in N)

+

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8baafe52a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.7

+//To Find (a)Diameter of Runner  (b)Speed (c)Specific Speed

+

+clc

+clear

+

+//Given:

+   H=32;   //Head, m

+   P=16000;   //Shaft Power, KW

+   D_per=190;  //Percentage by which Diameter of Runner(D)is Larger than diameter of Boss(d)

+   eta_0=91/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   Ku=2;       //Speed Ratio

+   Kf=0.64;    //Flow Ratio

+     

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+

+     Vfi=Kf*sqrt(2*g*H);     //Velocity of Flow at Inlet, m/s

+     ui= Ku*sqrt(2*g*H);     //Velocity of Runner at Inlet, m/s 

+

+     Q=P*10^3/(rho*g*H*eta_0);   //Discharge, m^3/s

+

+

+      d=sqrt(Q/((%pi/4)*Kf*sqrt(2*g*H)*((D_per/100+1)^2-1)));   // Diameter of Hub ,m

+  //(a) Diameter of Runner ,D

+      D=d+(D_per/100)*d;  //m

+  

+  //(b) Speed,N

+     N=ui*60/(%pi*D);  // rpm

+//(iii) Specific Speed of Turbine, Ns

+     Ns=N*P^(1/2)/(H^(5/4));   // SI Units

+

+

+//Results 

+    printf("(a)Diameter of Runner , D=%.3f m\n",D)

+    printf(" (b)Speed, N =%.2f rpm\n",N)      //The answer vary due to round off error

+    printf(" (c)Specific Speed, Ns =%.2f (SI Units)\n",Ns)    //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong.

+

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43cc49b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.8

+//To Find Inlet and outlet Angles of the Runner blades

+

+clc

+clear

+

+//Given:

+   H=25;   //Head, m

+   P=23000;   //Shaft Power, KW

+   D=5;    //External Diameter of Runner, m

+   d=3;    //Diameter of Hub, m

+   N=60;    //Rotational Speed, rpm

+   eta_H=95/100;  //Hydraulic Efficiency 

+   eta_0=88/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   Vw=0;    //As there is no exit whirl

+      

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+     Dm=(D+d)/2;   //Mean Diameter of Runner, m

+     ui=%pi*Dm*N/60   //m/s

+     Q=P*10^3/(rho*g*H*eta_0);   //Discharge, m^3/s

+            Vfi=Q/((%pi/4)*(D^2-d^2))     // m/s

+            Vwi=eta_H*g*H/ui;     //m/s

+                     uo=ui;

+                     Vfo=Vfi;

+            Beta_i=atand(Vfi/(Vwi-ui));    //Degrees

+            Beta_o=atand(Vfo/uo);      //Degrees

+

+//Results

+       printf("At the Mean Radius\n\t")

+       printf("Runner Blade Angle at Inlet, Beta_i=%.2f Degrees\n\t",Beta_i)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+       printf("Runner Blade Angle at Outlet, Beta_o=%.2f Degrees\n",Beta_o)     //The answer vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3751/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3751/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..874c56af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3751/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//Fluid System By Shiv Kumar

+//Chapter 6 - Kaplan and Propeller Turbines

+//Example 6.9

+//To Determine Runner Vane Angles at the hub and at the Outer Periphery

+

+clc

+clear

+

+//Given:

+   P=22500;   //Power Available at Shaft, KW

+   H=20;   //Head, m

+   N=150;    //Rotational Speed, rpm

+   eta_H=95/100;  //Hydraulic Efficiency

+   eta_0=88/100;  //Overall Efficiency

+   D=4.5;    //Outer Diameter of Runner, m

+   d=2;    //Diameter of Hub, m

+   Vw=0;    //As there is no exit whirl

+      

+//Data Required:

+   rho=1000;   //Density of Water, Kg/m^3

+   g=9.81;     //Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2

+

+//Computations

+    //Runner Vane Angles at Hub

+     uo=%pi*d*N/60;  //m/s

+       ui=uo;

+     Q=P*10^3/(rho*g*H*eta_0);   //Discharge, m^3/s

+             Vwi=eta_H*g*H/ui;     //m/s

+             Vfi=Q/((%pi/4)*(D^2-d^2))     // m/s

+       Vfo=Vfi;

+            Beta_i=180-atand(Vfi/(ui-Vwi));    //Degrees

+            Beta_o=atand(Vfo/uo);      //Degrees

+	

+//Result1

+       printf("Runner Vane Angles at the Hub \n\t")

+       printf("Beta_i=%.2f Degrees\n\t",Beta_i)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+       printf("Beta_o=%.2f Degrees\n\n",Beta_o)     //The answer vary due to round off error

+

+     // Runner Vane Angles at outer periphery

+    uo=%pi*D*N/60;  //m/s

+               ui=uo;

+          Vwi=eta_H*g*H/ui;     //m/s

+            Beta_i=180-atand(Vfi/(ui-Vwi));    //Degrees

+            Beta_o=atand(Vfo/uo);      //Degrees

+	

+//Result2

+       printf("Runner Vane Angles at the Outer periphery \n\t")

+       printf("Beta_i=%.2f Degrees\n\t",Beta_i)      //The answer vary due to round off error

+       printf("Beta_o=%.2f Degrees\n\n",Beta_o)      //The answer vary due to round off error

+