diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1445')
231 files changed, 986 insertions, 1113 deletions
diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce index 35c637d9c..c5f3a02b5 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce index 4bd8f0826..b7100f760 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce index f78a7b4a2..c80b69e32 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce index 6ca51aa27..17b07e3de 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce index abd93a4fc..945b90242 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 13 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 13"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce index dc2c6f076..c470ba87f 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 14 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 14"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce index ec612db54..bfc4ea9e3 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 15 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 15"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce index ce11db243..91fa9c198 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 16 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 16"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce index 46d6a28bf..26afafefc 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 17 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 17"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce index 3dec1c69c..4c51456e7 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 18 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 18"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce index 990af1202..0b567f288 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 19 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 19"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce index d9885ec94..f0d94a250 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ req3=req1+req2; //series combination of resistors req4=(req3*rac)/(req3+rac); //parallel combination of resistors req5=req4+r3; req6=(req5*7)/(req5+7); -disp(sprintf("The eqivalent resistance between points A and B is %.2f Ω",req6)); +disp(sprintf("The eqivalent resistance between points A and B is %f Ω",req6)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce index 0255e39d2..1c1bcfc00 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 20 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 20"); @@ -27,6 +28,6 @@ I2=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix I3=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix In=I3; I=(rn*In)/(rn+r4); -disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, the value of I is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, the value of I is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce index 6529af7b8..1f9555d91 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 21 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 21"); @@ -30,6 +31,6 @@ v1=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix v2=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix vth=v2; //Thevenin voltage I=vth/(rth+r4); //Thevenin current -disp(sprintf("By Thevenin Theorem, the value of I is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By Thevenin Theorem, the value of I is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce index 5f8a39459..dfd0486b2 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 22 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 22"); @@ -25,6 +26,6 @@ x=inv(A)*b; I2=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix I3=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix I=I3; -disp(sprintf("By mesh analysis, the value of I is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By mesh analysis, the value of I is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce index b94474269..c1f1ea289 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 23 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 23"); @@ -22,6 +23,6 @@ b=[110;40]; x=inv(A)*b; I2=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix I3=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix -disp(sprintf("By Nodal analysis, the value of I is %.3f A",I3)); +disp(sprintf("By Nodal analysis, the value of I is %f A",I3)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce index 1bb5528b5..7b9fc864e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 24 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 24"); @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ r4=12; //in Ohms //activating 20A current source r=r2+((r3*r4)/(r3+r4)); -I1=(r*I1)/(r+r1); +I1=(r*I)/(r+r1); I_20=(r3*I1)/(r3+r4); //activating 10V battery source @@ -29,6 +30,6 @@ I_10=v_10/r4; v_40=(v2/r3)/((1/req)+(1/r3)+(1/r4)); I_40=v_40/r4; I_tot=I_20+I_10+I_40; -disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem, the value of I is .3%f A",I_tot)); +disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem, the value of I is %f A",I_tot)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce index e1c250c68..99feda818 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 25 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 25"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce index 18b2768c4..e73358189 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 26 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 26"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce index e4aa7816d..847f14639 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 27 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 27"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce index 2391711a6..e83ad9418 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 28 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 28"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce index 319e202f9..b084e57a8 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 29 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 29"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce index fdaccbce2..fb42a65be 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); @@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ req4=req2+req3; req5=(req1*req4)/(req1+req4); //parallel combination of resistors req6=req5+r1; //series combination of resistors req7=(req6*r2)/(req6+r2); -disp(sprintf("The equivalent resistance between points A and B is %.2f Ω",req7)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent resistance between points A and B is %f Ω",req7)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce index 54c39d141..1fd28a01f 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 30 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 30"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce index fd519c1c9..b52103d08 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 31 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 31"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce index c8b992869..972974aba 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 32 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 32"); @@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ A=[10 -4 0;-4 9 -4;0 -4 8]; b=[50;0;10]; x=inv(A)*b; I2=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 3X1 matrix -disp(sprintf("By Mesh analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %.2f A",I2)); +disp(sprintf("By Mesh analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %f A",I2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce index 60903ad05..87358b038 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 33 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 33"); @@ -27,10 +28,10 @@ v1=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix v2=x(2,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix if(v1>v2) then I=(v1-v2)/r5; -disp(sprintf("By nodal analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By nodal analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %f A",I)); else I=(v2-v1)/r5; -disp(sprintf("By nodal analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By nodal analysis, the current through 1Ω resistor is %f A",I)); end; //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce index 2b8ba28a7..9e302d00b 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 34 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 34"); @@ -46,6 +47,6 @@ I2=(v4-v3)/r5; end; I_tot=I1+I2; -disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem, the current through 1Ω resistor is %.3f A",I_tot)); +disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem, the current through 1Ω resistor is %f A",I_tot)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce index 453b01ba6..1aa71dd92 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 35 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 35"); @@ -22,6 +23,6 @@ req1=(r1*r4)/(r1+r4); req2=(r2*r3)/(r2+r3); rth=req1+req2; Ith=vth/(rth+r5); -disp(sprintf("By Thevenin Theorem, the current through the 1Ω resistor is %.3f A",Ith)); +disp(sprintf("By Thevenins Theorem, the current through the 1Ω resistor is %f A",Ith)); -//END +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce index 86044a5a5..77e862b3d 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 36 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 36"); @@ -25,6 +26,6 @@ req1=(r1*r4)/(r1+r4); req2=(r2*r3)/(r2+r3); rn=req1+req2; I1=(rn*In)/(rn+r5); -disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, the current through 1Ω resistor is %.3f A",I1)); +disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, the current through 1Ω resistor is %f A",I1)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce index b7eb9f63a..fd324d1c1 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 37 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 37"); @@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ req2=req1+r4; req3=(req2*r6)/(req2+r6); rth=req3+r2; vab1=(vth*r3)/(rth+r3); -disp(sprintf("By Thevenin Theorem, the value of Vab is %.2f V",vab1)); +disp(sprintf("By Thevenins Theorem, the value of Vab is %f V",vab1)); //solution (ii): using Norton's Theorem //(13)v1+(-7)v2=270.........eq (1) //applying nodal analysis at node 1 @@ -44,11 +45,11 @@ req2=req1+r4; req3=(req2*r6)/(req2+r6); rN=req3+r2; if(v1>v2) then -In=(v1-v2)/r2; +IN=(v1-v2)/r2; else IN=(v2-v1)/r2; end; vab2=(r3*IN)*(rN/(rth+r3)); -disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, the value of Vab is %.2f V",vab2)); +disp(sprintf("By Nortons Theorem, the value of Vab is %f V",vab2)); -//END +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce index 7cde0f2d3..1332c596e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 38 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 38"); @@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ req2=r3+r4; rth=(req1*req2)/(req1+req2); disp("THEVENIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT IS-"); disp(sprintf(" Thevenin voltage= %d V",vth)); -disp(sprintf(" Thevenin resistance= %.2f Ω",rth)); +disp(sprintf(" Thevenin resistance= %f Ω",rth)); //Norton Equivalent circuit v1=I/((1/r2)+(1/r4)); @@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ req2=r3+r4; rn=(req1*req2)/(req1+req2); Isc=(v1/r4)+v2; disp("NORTON EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT IS-"); -disp(sprintf(" Norton current= %.3f A",Isc)); -disp(sprintf(" Norton resistance= %.3f Ω",rn)); +disp(sprintf(" Norton current= %f A",Isc)); +disp(sprintf(" Norton resistance= %f Ω",rn)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce index 237e65eb5..234b48c4e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 39 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 39"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce index b8847eae1..a3f805dc5 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -23,19 +24,19 @@ req3=req2+(r4+r5); req4=(req3*r6)/(req3+r6); req5=req4+r7; req6=(req5*r8)/(req5+r8); -disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points a and b is %.2f Ω",req6)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent resistance between points a and b is %f Ω",req6)); //To find resistance between c and d req7=r7+r8; req8=(req7*r6)/(req7+r6); req9=req2+r5+req8; req10=(req9*r4)/(req9+r4); -disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points c and d is %.2f Ω",req10)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent resistance between points c and d is %f Ω",req10)); //To find resistance between d and e req11=req2+r4+r5; req12=(req11*r6)/(req11+r6); req13=(req12*req7)/(req12+req7); -disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points d and e is %.2f Ω",req13)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent resistance between points d and e is %f Ω",req13)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce index 6f60627ea..593649c4f 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 40 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 40"); @@ -28,6 +29,6 @@ disp("The currents (in Amperes) flowing in different branches are:"); disp(I1); disp(I3); disp(I4); -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.2f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce index 53e65b5b2..8362a24e5 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 41 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 41"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce index 4d3388dd9..fb7cfdd4e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 42 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 42"); @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ r4=2; //second resistance in Ohms rth=(r1*r3)/(r1+r3); vth=v*(r3/(r1+r3)); //Thevenin voltage R=(40-(56*I))/(24*I); //solving for R directly -disp(sprintf("(i) By Thevenin Theorem, the value of R is %d Ω",R)); +disp(sprintf("(i) By Thevenins Theorem, the value of R is %d Ω",R)); //v1=(10R+4)/(3R+4)........eq(1) //using nodal analysis at node 1 //v1=1+R...................eq(2) //using nodal analysis at node 2 @@ -37,4 +38,4 @@ else disp(sprintf("(ii) By Nodal analysis, the value of R is %d Ω",R1)); end; -//END +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce index ad30b370f..58c70988e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 43 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 43"); @@ -14,12 +15,11 @@ r3=4; //in Ohms //SOLUTION req1=34; -I1=Is2*(r3/req1); +Ia=Is2*(r3/req1); req2=24; Iab=Is1*(req2/req1); -I=Iab+I1; +I=Ia+Iab; vab=I*10; -disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem the voltage Vab is %.3f V",vab)); - -//END +disp(sprintf("By Superposition Theorem the voltage Vab is %f V",vab)); +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce index e060456a9..778dba3b5 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 44 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 44"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce index 361cfdda5..059820969 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 45 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 45"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce index 4623527b7..1122fd99b 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 46 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 46"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce index 9b53f1882..af11677f3 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 47 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 47"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce index 99933d888..c0f985fa4 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 48 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 48"); @@ -23,9 +24,9 @@ I1=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix I2=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix I=I1+I2; pd=I*r3; -disp(sprintf("Current through B1 is %.2f A",I1)); -disp(sprintf("Current through B2 is %.2f A",I2)); -disp(sprintf("Potential difference across AC is %.2f V",pd)); +disp(sprintf("Current through B1 is %f A",I1)); +disp(sprintf("Current through B2 is %f A",I2)); +disp(sprintf("Potential difference across AC is %f V",pd)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce index 1691f133c..5f51bf880 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 49 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 49"); @@ -17,16 +18,16 @@ I1=4; //charging I2=6; //charging r1=((v1-v2)-((I1+I2)*r))/I1; r2=((v1-v3)-((I1+I2)*r))/I2; -disp(sprintf("(a) R1= %.2f Ω",r1)); -disp(sprintf(" R2= %.2f Ω",r2)); +disp(sprintf("(a) R1= %f Ω",r1)); +disp(sprintf(" R2= %f Ω",r2)); //solution (b) I1=2; //discharging I2=20; //charging r1=((v1-v2)-((I2-I1)*r))/(-I1); r2=((v1-v3)-((I2-I1)*r))/I2; -disp(sprintf("(b) R1= %.2f Ω",r1)); -disp(sprintf(" R2= %.2f Ω",r2)); +disp(sprintf("(b) R1= %f Ω",r1)); +disp(sprintf(" R2= %f Ω",r2)); //solution (c) I1=0; diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce index 01fbb7a42..bb6f8c279 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ req1=r1+r2; req2=r1+r4; req3=(req1*r1)/(req1+r1); rac=(req3*req2)/(req3+req2); -disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points a and c is %.2f Ω",rac)); +disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points a and c is %f Ω",rac)); //To find resistance between b and d //converting delta abc into star with points a, b and c @@ -34,6 +35,6 @@ rc=(rbc*rac)/r; req5=rb+rac; req6=rc+8; rbd=ra+((req5*req6)/(req5+req6)); -disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points b and d is %.2f Ω",rbd)); +disp(sprintf("The eqiuvalent resistance between points b and d is %f Ω",rbd)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce index e1ce34a4e..52679906e 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 50 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 50"); @@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ x=inv(A)*b; I1=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 2X1 matrix I2=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 2X1 matrix I=I2-I1; -disp(sprintf("Current i1 is %.2f A (loop EFAB)",I1)); -disp(sprintf("Current i2 is %.2f A (loop BCDE)",abs(I))); +disp(sprintf("Current i1 is %f A (loop EFAB)",I1)); +disp(sprintf("Current i2 is %f A (loop BCDE)",abs(I))); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce index cd7fdbdce..96a8eddf1 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 51 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 51"); @@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ x=inv(A)*b; I1=x(1,:); //to access the 1st element of 3X1 matrix I2=x(2,:); //to access the 2nd element of 3X1 matrix I3=x(3,:); //to access the 3rd element of 3X1 matrix -disp(sprintf("Current i1 is %.2f A (loop ABGH)",I1)); -disp(sprintf("Current i2 is %.2f A (loop BCDH)",I2)); -disp(sprintf("Current i3 is %.2f A (loop GDEF)",I3)); +disp(sprintf("Current i1 is %f A (loop ABGH)",I1)); +disp(sprintf("Current i2 is %f A (loop BCDH)",I2)); +disp(sprintf("Current i3 is %f A (loop GDEF)",I3)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce index c669dfdd1..b77d2dbe8 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 52 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 52"); @@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ v=v1*(r2/(r1+r2)); //voltage divider law vab=-v2+(r3*0)+(rth*0)+v; It=vab/(rth+r4); //current obtained by applying Thevenin's Theorem Isc=vab/rth; -disp(sprintf("By Thevenin Theorem, current in the 10Ω resistor is %.2f A",It)); +disp(sprintf("By Thevenins Theorem, current in the 10Ω resistor is %f A",It)); //verification by Norton's Theorem //(7)I1+(2)I2=20.................eq (1) @@ -34,13 +35,10 @@ x2=x(2,:); //to access 2nd element of 2X1 matrix and Isc=-x Isc=-x2; //Isc is negative because its direction is opposite to I2 I=Isc*(rth/(rth+r4)); //current obtained by applying Norton's Theorem if(It==I) -disp(sprintf("By Norton Theorem, current in the 10Ω resistor is %.2f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("By Nortons Theorem, current in the 10Ω resistor is %f A",I)); disp(sprintf("Hence, answer is confirmed by Norton Theorem")); else disp(sprintf("The answer is not confirmed by Norton Theorem")); end; -//END - - - +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce index 2b20673b7..1c7dd39cf 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 53 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 53"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce index f480cc116..78a174178 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 54 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 54"); @@ -24,6 +25,6 @@ I=vab2/(req+r2); RTh=(6/5)+(3/4); req2=10+2; I3=9/12; -disp(sprintf("The value of the current is %.2f A",I3)); +disp(sprintf("The value of the current is %f A",I3)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce index 5c76ec6ec..48f0ff05f 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 55 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 55"); @@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ r4=10; //in Ohms res=(vcd/r2)-(v/r3); //'res' (short for result) is used to make calculations easy vp=res/((1/r2)+(1/r3)+(1/r4)); vba=vp+v; -disp(sprintf("The voltage between A and B is %.2f V",vba)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage between A and B is %f V",vba)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce index 83663522a..4513ba7e5 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 56 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 56"); @@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ req=(r1*r2)+(r2*r3)+(r3*r1); //'req' is the equivalent resistance that appea ra=req/r3; rb=req/r1; rc=req/r2; -disp(sprintf("The equivalent delta values are ra=( %.2f x r) Ω, rb=( %.2f x r) Ω and rc=( %.2f x r) Ω",ra,rb,rc)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent delta values are ra=( %f x r) Ω, rb=( %f x r) Ω and rc=( %f x r) Ω",ra,rb,rc)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce index 7c117b894..7c81c7f70 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 57 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 57"); @@ -25,9 +26,9 @@ I2=v2/r3; I_tot=I1+I2; if(I_tot>0) -disp(sprintf("The value of I is %.2f A (upward)",I_tot)); +disp(sprintf("The value of I is %f A (upward)",I_tot)); else -disp(sprintf("The value of I is %.2f A (downward)",-I_tot)); +disp(sprintf("The value of I is %f A (downward)",-I_tot)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce index f077490a3..142c18d9f 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 58 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 58"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce index 39e9ba594..3ae593b55 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 59 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 59"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce index f5e6536c4..7c44cc4de 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce index 0d1f19f9b..39a1f6b3b 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); @@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ req=req1+req2; v=v2+v3; I=v/req; disp("VOLTAGE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:"); -disp(sprintf(" Voltage source= %.2f V",v)); -disp(sprintf(" Equivalent resistance(in series)= %.2f Ω",req)); +disp(sprintf(" Voltage source= %f V",v)); +disp(sprintf(" Equivalent resistance(in series)= %f Ω",req)); disp("CURRENT EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:"); -disp(sprintf(" Current source= %.2f A",I)); -disp(sprintf(" Equivalent resistance(in parallel)= %.2f Ω",req)); +disp(sprintf(" Current source= %f A",I)); +disp(sprintf(" Equivalent resistance(in parallel)= %f Ω",req)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce index 5f83da65a..ff5151f01 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); @@ -21,6 +22,6 @@ A=[5/2 -1;-1 7/2]; b=[2;2]; x=inv(A)*b; x=x(2,:); -disp(sprintf("The current in 2Ω resistor is %.2f A",x)); +disp(sprintf("The current in 2Ω resistor is %f A",x)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/1445/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce index 8e91926d2..10958957b 100644 --- a/1445/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 1- D.C. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND NETWORK THEOREMS //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 1"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); @@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ req1=r1+r4; req2=rb+r2; req3=(req1*req2)/(req1+req2); req4=ra+req3; -disp(sprintf("The equivalent input resistance is %.2f Ω",req4)); +disp(sprintf("The equivalent input resistance is %f Ω",req4)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce index ce3fc1915..ceb1ab464 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); @@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ p_g=p-(cu_loss+cr_loss); //rotor input p_m=p_g*(1-s); //output mechanical power p_sh=p_m-me_loss; //shaft power eff=p_sh/p; -disp(sprintf("The motor efficiency is %.2f %%",eff*100)); +disp(sprintf("The motor efficiency is %f %%",eff*100)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce index 143337fe8..70e926ccb 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ N_r=round(N_r); //to round off the value disp(sprintf("(a) The speed of the motor is %d rpm",N_r)); //solution (b) -P2=6; // number of poles +P2=6; N_s=(120*f)/P2; //synchronous speed of generator in rpm with six poles disp(sprintf("(b) The speed of the generator is %d rpm",N_s)); diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce index 8ea258656..f9e2b16d1 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); @@ -15,18 +16,18 @@ pow_fact=0.8; //full load power factor //solution (a) I_fl1=I/5; //starting current at rated voltage is 5 times the rated full-load current p1=sqrt(3)*v*I_fl1*pow_fact*eff; -disp(sprintf("(a) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor when it starts at full voltage is %.3f kW",p1/1000)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor when it starts at full voltage is %f kW",p1/1000)); //solution (b) x=0.8; //voltage is stepped down to 80% I_fl2=I/((x^2)*5); p2=sqrt(3)*v*I_fl2*pow_fact*eff; -disp(sprintf("(b) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor is used with an auto-transformer is %.3f kW",p2/1000)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor is used with an auto-transformer is %f kW",p2/1000)); //solution (c) I_fl3=I/((0.578^2)*5); //since a star-delta is equivalent to an auto-transformer starter with 57.8% tapping p3=sqrt(3)*v*I_fl3*pow_fact*eff; -disp(sprintf("(c) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor is used with star-delta starter is %.3f kW",p3/1000)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The maximum permissible kW rating when the motor is used with star-delta starter is %f kW",p3/1000)); //The answers are slightly different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce index bdac5ae63..188282fe6 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 13 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 13"); @@ -40,21 +41,21 @@ end; //solution (b) s=(N_s1-N_r)/N_s1; f_r=s*f; -disp(sprintf("(b) The slip is %.2f %% and rotor frequency is %d Hz",s*100,f_r)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The slip is %f %% and rotor frequency is %d Hz",s*100,f_r)); //solution (c) w1=(2*%pi*N_s1)/60; -disp(sprintf("(c(i)) The speed of stator field w.r.t. stator structure is %.3f rad/s",w1)); //Answer given in the book is wrong +disp(sprintf("(c(i)) The speed of stator field w.r.t. stator structure is %f rad/s",w1)); //Answer given in the book is wrong N_s2=N_s1-N_r; w2=(2*%pi*N_s2)/60; -disp(sprintf("(c(ii)) The speed of stator field w.r.t. rotor structure is %.3f rad/s",w2)); +disp(sprintf("(c(ii)) The speed of stator field w.r.t. rotor structure is %f rad/s",w2)); //solution (d) factor=(2*%pi)/60; //converting rpm to radian/second N_r1=(120*f_r)/P; -disp(sprintf("(d(i)) The speed of rotor field w.r.t. rotor structure is %.3f rad/s",N_r1*factor)); +disp(sprintf("(d(i)) The speed of rotor field w.r.t. rotor structure is %f rad/s",N_r1*factor)); N_r2=N_r+N_r1; -disp(sprintf("(d(ii)) The speed of rotor field w.r.t. stator structure is %.3f rad/s",N_r2*factor)); +disp(sprintf("(d(ii)) The speed of rotor field w.r.t. stator structure is %f rad/s",N_r2*factor)); N_r3=N_s1-N_r2; disp(sprintf("(d(iii)) The speed of rotor field w.r.t. stator structure is %d rad/s",N_r3)); diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce index 374233cc2..3bed8ce66 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 14 +clc; +clear disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 14"); @@ -19,34 +21,34 @@ loss=420; //friction and winding loss in Watts I1=I_nl/sqrt(3); //phase current=(line current)/sqrt(3) for delta connection i_sq_r1=(I1^2)*r*3; //stator ((I^2)*R) loss at no load; since resistance is given in per phase, 3 needs to be multiplied for 3-phase s_loss=(p_ni-loss)-(i_sq_r1); -disp(sprintf("(a) The stator core loss is %.1f W",s_loss)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The stator core loss is %f W",s_loss)); //solution (b) I2=I_fl/sqrt(3); i_sq_r2=(I2^2)*r*3; p_g=p_fi-s_loss-i_sq_r2; //air-gap power at full load r_loss=p_g-p; -disp(sprintf("(b) The total rotor loss at full load is %.0f W",r_loss)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The total rotor loss at full load is %f W",r_loss)); //solution (c) o_loss=r_loss-loss; -disp(sprintf("(c) The total rotor ohmic loss at full load is %.0f W",o_loss)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The total rotor ohmic loss at full load is %f W",o_loss)); //solution (d) s_fl=o_loss/p_g; //full load slip N_s=1500; N_r=N_s*(1-s_fl); -disp(sprintf("(d) The full load speed is %.1f rpm",N_r)); +disp(sprintf("(d) The full load speed is %f rpm",N_r)); //solution (e) w=(2*%pi*N_s)/60; T_e=p_g/w; -disp(sprintf("(e) The internal torque is %.2f N-m",T_e)); -T_sh=p/(w*(1-s)); -disp(sprintf(" The shaft torque is %.2f N-m",T_sh)); +disp(sprintf("(e) The internal torque is %f N-m",T_e)); +T_sh=p/(w*(1-s_fl)); +disp(sprintf(" The shaft torque is %f N-m",T_sh)); eff=p/p_fi; -disp(sprintf(" The motor efficiency is %.2f %%",eff*100)); +disp(sprintf(" The motor efficiency is %f %%",eff*100)); //The answers may be slightly different due to precision of floating point numbers -//END +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce index 71d762cc7..a4fe2370a 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 15 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 15"); @@ -27,9 +28,6 @@ ratio=s1/s2; //all other parameters in the expressions of th disp(sprintf("(b) The ratio of the two voltages at the two speeds is %d",ratio)); //solution (c) -//for rotor speed N_r=900 rpm clockwise, the stator field is running at 600 rpm clockwise. The phase sequence be abc -//for rotor speed N_r=2100 rpm clockwise, the stator field is running at 600 rpm anticlockwise. The phase sequence be acb -//Therefore, the phase sequence is reversed. disp("(c) The poles sequence of -3Φ rotor voltage do not remain the same"); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce index 6328912eb..0ace23044 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 16 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 16"); @@ -23,9 +24,9 @@ sm2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); if(sm1<=0 & sm2<=0) then disp("The value of the slip at maximum torque (maximum slip) is not valid"); else if(sm1>0 & sm1<1) -disp(sprintf("The slip at maximum torque (maximum slip) is %.3f",sm1)); //slip is a unitless quantity +disp(sprintf("The slip at maximum torque (maximum slip) is %f",sm1)); //slip is a unitless quantity else if(sm2>0 & sm2<1) -disp(sprintf("The slip at maximum torque (maximum slip) is %.4f",sm2)); +disp(sprintf("The slip at maximum torque (maximum slip) is %f",sm2)); end; //solution (b) (taking the ratio of T_efl and T_em) @@ -37,15 +38,15 @@ D=(b)^2-(4*a*c); ans1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a); ans2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); if(ans1>0 & ans1<1) -disp(sprintf("The full load slip is %.3f",ans1)); +disp(sprintf("The full load slip is %f",ans1)); sfl=ans1; else if(ans2>0 & ans2<1) -disp(sprintf("The full load slip is %.3f",ans2)); +disp(sprintf("The full load slip is %f",ans2)); sfl=ans2; end; //solution (c) I=sqrt(ratio1/sfl); -disp(sprintf("The rotor current at the starting in terms of full load current is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("The rotor current at the starting in terms of full load current is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce index 9d0e9a7d8..996cb1de9 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ s1=(N_s-N_r1)/N_s; //slip at full load //solution (a) N_r2=0; //rotor speed at standstill is zero s2=(N_s-N_r2)/N_s; -disp(sprintf("(a) At standstill, the slip is %.2f %%",s2*100)); +disp(sprintf("(a) At standstill, the slip is %f %%",s2*100)); if(s2>1) disp("Since the slip is greater than 100%, the motor operates as brake"); end; @@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ end; //solution (b) N_r3=500; s3=(N_s-N_r3)/N_s; -disp(sprintf("(b) At %d rpm, the slip is %.2f %%",N_r3,s3*100)); +disp(sprintf("(b) At %d rpm, the slip is %f %%",N_r3,s3*100)); if(s3>1) disp("Since the slip is greater than 100%, the motor operates as brake"); end; @@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ end; //solution (c) N_r4=500; s4=(N_s+N_r4)/N_s; //as motor runs in opposite direction -disp(sprintf("(c) At %d rpm, the slip is %.3f %%",N_r4,s4*100)); +disp(sprintf("(c) At %d rpm, the slip is %f %%",N_r4,s4*100)); if(s4>1) disp("Since the slip is greater than 100%, the motor operates as brake"); end; @@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ end; //solution (d) N_r5=2000; s5=(N_s-N_r5)/N_s; -disp(sprintf("(d) At %d rpm, the slip is %.3f %%",N_r5,s5*100)); +disp(sprintf("(d) At %d rpm, the slip is %f %%",N_r5,s5*100)); if(s5>1) disp("Since the slip is greater than 100%, the motor operates as brake"); end; diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce index 5473f2615..d29fc922d 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); @@ -42,14 +43,14 @@ N_r=round(N_r); disp(sprintf("(vi) The speed of rotor at 10%% slip is %d rpm",N_r)); s1=(N_s-N_r)/N_s; fr=s1*f; -disp(sprintf(" The rotor frequency at this speed is %.0f Hz",fr)); +disp(sprintf(" The rotor frequency at this speed is %f Hz",fr)); //solution (vii) v=230; ratio1=1/0.5; //stator to rotor turns ratio E_rotor=v*(1/ratio1); E_rotor_dash=ratio*E_rotor; -disp(sprintf("(vii) The rotor induced emf is %.1f V",E_rotor_dash)); +disp(sprintf("(vii) The rotor induced emf is %f V",E_rotor_dash)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce index dc5a845d9..32c7b2eba 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -15,15 +16,15 @@ s_m=r2/X2; s=1; ratio1=2/((s/s_m)+(s_m/s)); //ratio of T_starting and T_max ratio2=2*ratio1; //ratio of T_starting and T_full-load (T_max=2*T_full-load) -disp(sprintf("(a) If the motor is started by direct-on-line starter, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %.3f",ratio2)); +disp(sprintf("(a) If the motor is started by direct-on-line starter, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %f",ratio2)); //solution (b) ratio3=(1/3)*ratio2; //In star-delta starter, T_starting=(1/3)*T_starting_of_DOL -disp(sprintf("(b) If the motor is started by star-delta starter, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %.4f",ratio3)); +disp(sprintf("(b) If the motor is started by star-delta starter, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %f",ratio3)); //solution (c) ratio4=0.7*2*ratio2; //due to 70% tapping -disp(sprintf("(c) If the motor is started by auto-transformer, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %.4f",ratio4)); +disp(sprintf("(c) If the motor is started by auto-transformer, the ratio of starting torque to full load torque is %f",ratio4)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce index cb2d70200..e1fbc950e 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce index fb2412441..d5950b263 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); @@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ disp(sprintf("The speed of the motor is %d rpm",N_r)); E_s=E/sqrt(3); //phase voltage=(line voltage)/sqrt(3) for star connection E_r=E_s*(1/ratio); E_r_dash=s*E_r; -disp(sprintf("The rotor induced emf above 2 Hz is %.3f V per phase",E_r_dash)); //Answer given in the book is wrong +disp(sprintf("The rotor induced emf above 2 Hz is %f V per phase",E_r_dash)); //Answer given in the book is wrong //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce index 0e53dbb1b..80126f52d 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); @@ -17,26 +18,26 @@ N_r=1460; //full load speed in rpm //solution (i) N_s=(120*f)/P; s_fl=(N_s-N_r)/N_s; -disp(sprintf("(i) The slip at full load is %.2f %%",s_fl*100)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The slip at full load is %f %%",s_fl*100)); s_m=r2/X2; -disp(sprintf("The slip at which maximum torque occurs is %.0f %%",s_m*100)); +disp(sprintf("The slip at which maximum torque occurs is %f %%",s_m*100)); //solution (ii) E2=E1/sqrt(3); //phase voltage=(line voltage)/sqrt(3) for star connection -disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf induced in rotor is %.1f V per phase",E2)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf induced in rotor is %f V per phase",E2)); //solution (iii) X2_dash=s_fl*X2; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The rotor reactance per phase is %.4f Ω",X2_dash)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The rotor reactance per phase is %f Ω",X2_dash)); //solution (iv) z=sqrt((r2^2)+(X2_dash)^2); I2=(s_fl*E2)/z; -disp(sprintf("(iv) The rotor current is %.2f A",I2)); +disp(sprintf("(iv) The rotor current is %f A",I2)); //solution (v) pow_fact_r=r2/z; -disp(sprintf("(v) The rotor power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pow_fact_r)); +disp(sprintf("(v) The rotor power factor is %f (lagging)",pow_fact_r)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce index f324e51a5..f0d05ddf7 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); @@ -32,6 +33,6 @@ disp(sprintf("(d) The mechanical power developed to load is %d kW",p_shaft)); //solution (e) eff=p_shaft/p_in; -disp(sprintf("(e) The efficiency of the motor is %.2f %%",eff*100)); +disp(sprintf("(e) The efficiency of the motor is %f %%",eff*100)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/1445/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce index 71a074562..9bf730d70 100644 --- a/1445/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 10- THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MACHINES //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 10"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ I_s=I2/ratio; //stator current N_s=(120*f)/P; w=(2*%pi*N_s)/60; T_s1=(3*E2^2*r2)/(w*z1^2); -disp(sprintf("(a) The starting current is %.1f A and torque is %.0f N-m",I_s,T_s1)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The starting current is %f A and torque is %f N-m",I_s,T_s1)); //solution (b) I_s1=30; @@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ r=sqrt(((E2/I_r)^2)-(X2^2)); r_ext=r-r2; z2=sqrt((r_ext^2)+(X2^2)); T_s2=(3*E2^2*r)/(w*z2^2); -disp(sprintf("(b) The external resistance is %.2f Ω and torque is %.2f N-m",r_ext,T_s2)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The external resistance is %f Ω and torque is %f N-m",r_ext,T_s2)); //There answers are different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/1445/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce index 44d1c756c..89a965f53 100644 --- a/1445/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 11- SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR //Examle 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 11"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); @@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ P_m=P_g*(1-S); //mechanical power developed in Watts P_o=P_m-loss; //output or shaft power in Watts w=(2*%pi*N_r)/60; T=P_o/w; //shaft torque in Newton-meters -disp(sprintf("The shaft torque is %.3f N-m",T)); +disp(sprintf("The shaft torque is %f N-m",T)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/1445/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce index ab604d9b1..0992766cb 100644 --- a/1445/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 11- SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 11"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -17,16 +18,16 @@ N_s=(120*f)/P; //synchronous speed in rpm //solution (a) disp("Solution (a)"); S_f=(N_s-N_r)/N_s; -disp(sprintf("The per unit slip in the direction of rotation is %.2f pu",S_f)); +disp(sprintf("The per unit slip in the direction of rotation is %f pu",S_f)); r_f=0.5*(r2/S_f); -disp(sprintf("The effective forward rotor resistance is %.0f Ω",r_f)); +disp(sprintf("The effective forward rotor resistance is %f Ω",r_f)); //solution (b) disp("Solution (b)"); S_b=(N_s+N_r)/N_s; disp(sprintf("The per unit slip in the opposite direction is %f pu",S_b)); r_b=0.5*(r2/S_b); -disp(sprintf("The effective backward rotor resistance is %.3f Ω",r_b)); +disp(sprintf("The effective backward rotor resistance is %f Ω",r_b)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce index 5e008ab00..9d1060542 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -1,30 +1,21 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); -//Find the Form Factor of the half-wave rectified sine wave as shown in Fig 2.20 -//Peak value of voltage is Vm -//Period is 2pi -//v=Vm sinwt for 0<wt<pi -//v=0 for pi<wt<2pi - //SOLUTION -//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi and pi to 2pi and dividing by 2pi -//assume Vm=1, as value not given -//The second term of integration not computed as v=0 on the range pi to 2pi +//average value v_av=(integrate('sin(x)','x',0,%pi))/(2*%pi); -//rms value -//assume Vm=1, as value not given +//rms value v_rms=(integrate('sin(x)^2','x',0,%pi))/(2*%pi); v_rms=sqrt(v_rms); ff=v_rms/v_av; -//truncate the answer to 3 digits while displaying: -disp(sprintf("The form factor is %4.3f",ff));//The answer in the textbook is wrongly shown as 1.572 +disp(sprintf("The form factor is %f",ff)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce index a4136861e..971167bbd 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); -//Equations -//If z1, z2 || then net impedance is Z=z1.z2/(z1+z2) -//V=IZ -//Power drawn is = V.I. cos (phi) - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v=230; //in Volts z1=3+(%i*4); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms @@ -26,10 +22,7 @@ endfunction; z=(z1*z2)/(z1+z2); I=v/z; angle=-angle1; //as angle1=angle2 -// -disp(sprintf("The current drawn from the circuit is %2.0f Amp",I)); -disp(sprintf("The net current lags net voltage by %4.2f and ckt is inductive in nature",-angle)); p=v*I*cos(angle*%pi/180); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians -disp(sprintf("The power drawn from the source is %5.3f kW",p/1000)); +disp(sprintf("The power drawn from the source is %f kW",p/1000)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce index ba0618572..2ac6e7fd2 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); @@ -8,29 +9,17 @@ disp("EXAMPLE 11"); vdc=100; //DC voltage in Volts vac=100; //AC voltage in Volts f=50; //in Hertz -Idc=10; //dc current in Amperes -Iac=5; //ac current in Amperes - -// coil means a unit of resistence and inductance both -//Impedence Z=R+jXl -//when DC supply is connected to coil, it behaves like a short circuit -//Xl=2.pi.f.L -//since f=0 in DC, Xl=0 ohms -//Therefore, R=Vdc/I - -//Equation to be used -//Z^2=R^2+Xl^2 +I1=10; //in Amperes +I2=5; //in Amperes //SOLUTION -r=vdc/Idc; //resistance of the coil in dc circuit -z=vac/Iac; //impedance of the coil in Ac supply -xl=sqrt((z^2)-(r^2)); // inductive reactance of coil -L=xl/(2*%pi*f); //inductance of the coil -pf=r/z; // power factor pf=R/Z -// -disp(sprintf("The inductive reactance of the coil is %5.2f Ohm",xl)); -disp(sprintf("The inductance of the coil is %4.2f H",L));//text book answer is 0.05 H -disp(sprintf("The power factor of the coil is %3.1f (lagging)",pf)); +r=vdc/I1; +z=vac/I2; +xl=sqrt((z^2)-(r^2)); +L=xl/(2*%pi*f); +pf=r/z; +disp(sprintf("The inductance of the coil is %f H",L)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor of the coil is %f (lagging)",pf)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce index 7d6d5143c..fce8566d7 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -1,49 +1,36 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 13 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 13"); -//given -//load of impedance 1+j.1 ohm connected AC Voltage -//AC Voltage represented by V=20.sqrt(2).cos(wt+10) volt - -//to find -//current in form of i=Im.sin(wt+phi) A -// real power - -//Equations to be used -//real Power pr=Vrms.Irms.cos (phi) -// =(Vm/sqrt(2)).(Im/sqrt(2)).cos(phi) -// apparent power pa=Vrms.Irms -// =(Vm/sqrt(2)).(Im/sqrt(2)) -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -z1=1+(%i*1); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms -v=20*sqrt(2); //amplitude of rms value of voltage in Volts +z=1+(%i*1); //load impedance in rectangular form in Ohms +v=20*sqrt(2); //amplitude of rms value of voltage in Volts //SOLUTION -function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); -z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y -angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees +function [zp,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); //function 'rect2pol()' converts impedance in rectangular form to polar form +zp=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z= (x) + j(y)= (1)+ j(1); 'zp' is in polar form +angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; //solution (i) -[z,angle]=rect2pol(1,1); +[zp,angle]=rect2pol(1,1); //since x=1 and y=1 v=v/sqrt(2); -angle_v=100; //v=(20/sqrt(2))*sin(ωt+100) -I=v/z; //RMS value of current +angle_v=100; //v=(20/sqrt(2))*sin(ωt+100) +I=v/zp; //RMS value of current angle_I=angle_v-angle; Im=I*sqrt(2); disp(sprintf("(i) The current in load is i = %d sin(ωt+%d) A",Im,angle_I)); //solution (ii) -pr=(v/sqrt(2))*(I*sqrt(2))*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The real power is %4.0f W",pr)); +p=(v/sqrt(2))*(I*sqrt(2))*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The real power is %f W",p)); //solution (iii) pa=(v/sqrt(2))*(I*sqrt(2)); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The apparent power is %6.2f VAR",pa)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The apparent power is %f VAR",pa)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce index 2a46b86fd..c9eeeb76c 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -1,13 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 14 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 14"); -//given -//EMF e=100.sin(314.t-pi/4) V -//current i=20.sin (314.t-1.5808) Amp - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v=100; //amplitude of rms value of voltage in Volts I=20; //amplitude of rms value of current in Amperes @@ -15,42 +12,27 @@ I=20; //amplitude of rms value of current in Amperes //SOLUTION //solution(i) -w=314; //angular frequency in radian/sec, given w.t=314.t +w=314; //angular frequency in radian/sec f=w/(2*%pi); //as w=2*(%pi)*f f=ceil(f); disp(sprintf("(i) The frequency is %d Hz",f)); //solution (ii) E=v/sqrt(2); -angle_E=-45; //in degrees, given in emf equation +angle_E=-45; //in degrees I=I/sqrt(2); -angle_I=-(1.5808*180/%pi); //converting the given angle value in current equation - // to degrees - //text book assumes it to be 90 degrees - // actually the value comes to 90.573168 +angle_I=-90; //in degrees z=E/I; angle=angle_E-angle_I; -disp(sprintf("(ii) The impedance is %d Ω, %d degrees",z,angle));// text book answer is 45 deg - // the value comes to 45.573168 deg - // hence shall use floor() to round -// -//Equation -//Z=R+j.Xl -//Z=Z.cos (phi)+j.Zsin(phi) +disp(sprintf("(ii) The impedance is %d Ω, %d degrees",z,angle)); function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle1); x=mag*cos(angle1*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radian y=mag*sin(angle1*(%pi/180)); endfunction; -//round the angle value first using floor -angle=floor(angle); -//disp(sprintf(" The angle is %f Degree",angle)); //testing value of angle [r,x]=pol2rect(z,angle); L=x/(2*%pi*f); -// -disp(sprintf(" The resistance is %f Ohm",r));//text book uses format as 5/sqrt(2) -disp(sprintf(" The reactance is %f Ohm",x));//text book uses format as 5/sqrt(2) -disp(sprintf(" The inductance is %6.5f H",L));//text book answer is 0.01126 H +disp(sprintf(" The inductance is %f H",L)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce index 4a6ab9086..02d922e8a 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -1,46 +1,43 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 15 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 15"); -//GIVEN -//choke coil takes current of 2 Amp 60 deg lagging -//Applied voltage 200 V 50Hz - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -I=2; //in Amperes -angle_I=60; //in degrees -v1=200; //in Volts -f=50; //in Hertz - -//SOLUTION (i) -z1=v1/I; +I=2; //in Amperes +angle_I=60; //in degrees +v1=200; //in Volts +f1=50; //in Hertz +v2=100; //in Volts +f2=25; //in Hertz + +//SOLUTION + +//solution (i): when supply is 200V and frequency is 50 Hz +z1=v1/I; +disp(sprintf("(i) When the supply is 200V and frequency is 50 Hz:")); disp(sprintf("The impedance is %d Ω, %d degrees",z1,angle_I)); -//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form -function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); -x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians +function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); //function 'pol2rect()' converts impedance in polar form to rectangular form +x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180)); endfunction; [r,x1]=pol2rect(z1,angle_I); disp(sprintf("The resistance is %d Ω",r)); -L=x1/(2*%pi*f); -disp(sprintf("The inductance is %5.3f H",L)); - -//SOLUTION (ii) -//Choke is now connected to 100 V 25 hz power supply -//Howevetr, R and L of the choke will remain the same -//Reactance will change -v2=100; // in volts -f2=25; // in Hz -x2=2*%pi*f2*L; // inductive reactance in the new system -z2=sqrt((r^2)+(x2^2)); // impedance in the new system +L=x1/(2*%pi*f1); +disp(sprintf("The inductance is %f H",L)); + +//solution (ii): when supply is 100V and frequency is 25 Hz +x2=2*%pi*f2*L; +z2=sqrt((r^2)+(x2^2)); angle=atan(x2/r); -I1=v2/z2; // current in the new system -p=v2*I1*cos(-angle); //power consumed -// -//disp(sprintf("The angle is %5.4f ",angle));// text book value is assumed 0.75 -disp(sprintf("The power consumed is %5.1f W",p)); +I1=v2/z2; +p=v2*I1*cos(-angle); +disp(sprintf("(ii) When supply is 100V and frequency is 25 Hz:")); +disp(sprintf("The power consumed is %f W",p)); + +//Answer may be slightly different due to precision of floating point numbers //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce index 1de5edbc7..a838f2925 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 16 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 16"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -r1=5; //in Ohms -r2=10; //in Ohms -L1=0.04; //in Henry -L2=0.05; //in Henry -v=200; //in Volts -f=50; //in Hertz +r1=5; //in Ohms +r2=10; //in Ohms +L1=0.04; //in Henry +L2=0.05; //in Henry +v=200; //in Volts +f=50; //in Hertz //SOLUTION @@ -19,32 +20,30 @@ xl1=L1*(2*%pi*f); xl2=L2*(2*%pi*f); z1=r1+(%i*xl1); z2=r2+(%i*xl2); -//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form -function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); -z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y -angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees +function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); //function 'rect2pol()' converts impedance in rectangular form to polar form +z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z=(x) + j(y) where 'x' represents resistance and 'y' represents inductive reactance +angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; [z1,angle1]=rect2pol(r1,xl1); [z2,angle2]=rect2pol(r2,xl2); -Y1=1/z1; //admittance +Y1=1/z1; //admittance Y2=1/z2; -//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form -function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); -x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians +function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); //function 'pol2rect()' converts admittance in polar form to rectangular form +x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180)); endfunction; [G1,B1]=pol2rect(Y1,angle1); [G2,B2]=pol2rect(Y2,angle2); disp("......................................"); disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("Conductance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",G1)); -disp(sprintf("Conductance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",G2)); +disp(sprintf("Conductance of 1st coil is %f S",G1)); +disp(sprintf("Conductance of 2nd coil is %f S",G2)); disp(" "); -disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",B1)); -disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",B2)); +disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 1st coil is %f S",B1)); +disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 2nd coil is %f S",B2)); disp(" "); -disp(sprintf("Admittance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",Y1)); -disp(sprintf("Admittance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",Y2)); +disp(sprintf("Admittance of 1st coil is %f S",Y1)); +disp(sprintf("Admittance of 2nd coil is %f S",Y2)); disp("......................................"); //solution (ii) @@ -54,14 +53,14 @@ B=B1+B2; I=v*Y; pf=cos((angle)*(%pi/180)); disp("SOLUTION (ii)"); -disp(sprintf("Total current drawn by the circuit is %5.3f A, %.2f degrees",I,-angle)); -disp(sprintf("Power factor of the circuit is %5.3f (lagging)",pf)); +disp(sprintf("Total current drawn by the circuit is %f A, %f degrees",I,-angle)); +disp(sprintf("Power factor of the circuit is %f (lagging)",pf)); disp("......................................"); //solution (iii) p=v*I*pf; disp("SOLUTION (iii)"); -disp(sprintf("Power absorbed by the circuit is %5.3f kW",p/1000));// text book answer is 2.256 kW +disp(sprintf("Power absorbed by the circuit is %f kW",p/1000)); disp("......................................"); //solution (iv) @@ -73,8 +72,8 @@ endfunction; [r,x]=pol2rect(z,angle); L=x/(2*%pi*f); disp("SOLUTION (iv)"); -disp(sprintf("Resitance of single coil is %5.3f Ω",r));// -disp(sprintf("Inductance of single coil is %5.3f H",L));//inductance not worked out i the etx book +disp(sprintf("Resitance of single coil is %f Ω",r)); +disp(sprintf("Inductance of single coil is %f H",L)); disp("......................................"); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce index 9b4c7c29e..614c7b42a 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce @@ -1,18 +1,13 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 17 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 17"); - -//Given -//AC Voltage e(t)=141.4.sin (120.t) -//Current in the circuit is -//i(t)=14.14.sin (120.t+7.07.cos (120.t+30) - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -e=141.4; //in Volts -E=141.4/sqrt(2); //in Volts +e=141.4; //amplitude of e(t) in Volts +E=141.4/sqrt(2); //RMS value of e(t) in Volts angle_E=0; //in degrees //i(t)=(14.14<0)+(7.07<120) i1=14.14; //in Amperes @@ -21,16 +16,16 @@ i2=7.07; //in Amperes angle_i2=120; //in degrees //SOLUTION -//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form -function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); +function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle); //function 'pol2rect()' converts current in polar form to rectangular form x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180)); endfunction; -[i1_x,i1_y]=pol2rect(i1,angle_i1); -[i2_x,i2_y]=pol2rect(i2,angle_i2); +//the given current i(t) is composed of two currents i1(t) and i2(t) +//i1(t) and i2(t) are not mentioned in the book but are considered for the sake of convenience +[i1_x,i1_y]=pol2rect(i1,angle_i1); //i1(t)= 14.14 sin(120t) +[i2_x,i2_y]=pol2rect(i2,angle_i2); //i2(t)=7.07 cos(120t+30) i=(i1_x+i2_x)+(%i*(i1_y+i2_y)); -//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form -function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); +function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); //function 'rect2pol()' converts current in rectangular form to polar form mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; @@ -43,15 +38,15 @@ angle_z=angle_E-angle_I; [r,xc]=pol2rect(z,angle_z); f=50; c=1/(2*%pi*f*(-xc)); -disp(sprintf("(i) The value of resistance is %5.3f Ω",r)); -disp(sprintf(" The value of capacitance is %6.4f μF",c*10^6)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The value of resistance is %f Ω",r)); +disp(sprintf(" The value of capacitance is %f μF",c*10^6)); //solution (ii) pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180)); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %4.3f ",pf)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %f ",pf)); //solution (iii) p=E*I*pf; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The power absorbed by the source is %d W",p)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The power absorbed by the source is %f W",p)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce index 3f09f083a..b29c61a43 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -1,15 +1,16 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 18 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 18"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -r=10; //in Ohms -v=200; //in Volts -f=50; //in Hertz -I=10; //in Amperes -rc=2; //resistance of coil in Ohms +r=10; //in Ohms +v=200; //in Volts +f=50; //in Hertz +I=10; //in Amperes +rc=2; //resistance of coil in Ohms //SOLUTION @@ -17,21 +18,19 @@ rc=2; //resistance of coil in Ohms z=v/I; xl=sqrt((z^2)-((r+rc)^2)); L=xl/(2*%pi*f); -//disp(sprintf("(i) The Xl of the coil is %3.1f ",xl)); -disp(sprintf("(i) The inductance of the coil is %3.1f H",L*1000));//converting to milli henry +disp(sprintf("(i) The inductance of the coil is %f H",L)); //solution (ii) pf=(r+rc)/z; -disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %3.1f",pf)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %f",pf)); //solution (iii) vl=I*(rc+(%i*xl)); -//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form -function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); +function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);//function 'rect2pol()' converts voltage in rectangular form to polar form mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; [vl,angle_vl]=rect2pol(real(vl),imag(vl)); -disp(sprintf("(iii) The voltage across the coil is %7.3f V, %5.2f degrees",vl,angle_vl)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The voltage across the coil is %f V, %f degrees",vl,angle_vl)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce index 32395bf13..015f1ab16 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -1,50 +1,51 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 19 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 19"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -z1=4+(%i*3); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms -z2=6-(%i*8); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms -z3=1.6+(%i*7.2); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms -v=100 //in volts +z1=4+(%i*3); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms +z2=6-(%i*8); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms +z3=1.6+(%i*7.2); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms +v=100 //in volts //SOLUTION -//solution (i) -//Admittance of each parallel branch Y1 and Y2 +//SOLUTION (i) + +//Y1 and Y2 are admittances of each parallel branch Y1=1/z1; Y2=1/z2; disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 1 is %3.3f %3.3fj S", real(Y1), imag(Y1))); -disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 2 is %3.3f+%3.3fj S", real(Y2), imag(Y2))); +disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 1 is %3f %3fj S", real(Y1), imag(Y1))); +disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 2 is %3f+%3fj S", real(Y2), imag(Y2))); disp(" "); -//solution (ii) -//Total circuit impedance Z=(Z1||Z2)+Z3 -z=z3+(z2*z1)/(z1+z2) +//SOLUTION (ii) + +z=z3+(z2*z1)/(z1+z2) //series and parallel combination of impedances disp("SOLUTION (ii)"); -disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.3f %3.3fj S", real(z), imag(z))); -//solution in the book is wrong as there is a total mistake in imaginery part 7.2+0.798=11.598 -// -//solution (iii) -//Supply current I=V/Z -i=v/z; -function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); -z0=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y -angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees +disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3f %3fj S", real(z), imag(z))); +//solution given in the book is wrong as j(7.2+0.798) cannot be equal to j11.598 + +//SOLUTION (iii) + +I=v/z; +function [Z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); //function 'rect2pol()' converts impedance in rectangular form to polar form +Z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y +angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; -[z, angle]=rect2pol(real(i), imag(i)); +[Z, angle]=rect2pol(real(I), imag(I)); //disp(sprintf("%f, %f",z,angle)); -//disp(sprintf("%f, %f",real(i), imag(i))); +//disp(sprintf("%f, %f",real(I), imag(I))); pf=cos(angle*%pi/180); - disp("SOLUTION (iii)"); -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %4.2f",pf)); -//solution (iv) -//Power supplied by source = VI cosΦ or I^2 . R -P=v*real(i)*pf; +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f",pf)); + +//SOLUTION (iv) +P=v*real(I)*pf; //power supplied by source is either (VI cosΦ) or (I^2 . R) disp("SOLUTION (iv)"); -disp(sprintf("The power supplied by source is %d watt",P)); -//END +disp(sprintf("The power supplied by source is %f watt",P)); +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce index 77d5ad76a..74c8f035b 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 20 // read it as example 19 in the book on page 2.72 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 20"); @@ -14,26 +15,26 @@ R=25 //in ohms //Resonance frequency f = (1/2π)sqrt((1/LC)-R^2/L^2) fr=(1/(2*%pi))*sqrt((1/(L*C*10^-6))-(R^2)/(L^2)); disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("For parallel circuit,Resonant frquency is %3.2f Hz", fr)); +disp(sprintf("For parallel circuit,Resonant frquency is %3f Hz", fr)); disp(" "); //solution (ii) //Total circuit impedance at resonance is Z=L/RC z=L/(R*C*10^-6); disp("SOLUTION (ii)"); -disp(sprintf("Total impedence at resonance is %3.0f kΩ", z/1000)); +disp(sprintf("Total impedence at resonance is %3f kΩ", z/1000)); // //solution (iii) //Bandwidth (f2-f1)=R/(2.π.L) bw=R/(2*%pi*L); disp("SOLUTION (iii)"); -disp(sprintf("Bandwidth is %3.2f Hz", bw)); +disp(sprintf("Bandwidth is %3f Hz", bw)); // //solution (iv) //Quality factor Q=1/R.sqrt(L/C) Q=(1/R)*sqrt(L/(C*10^-6)); disp("SOLUTION (iv)"); -disp(sprintf("Quality Factor is %3.2f", Q)); +disp(sprintf("Quality Factor is %3f", Q)); //solution in the book is wrong as there is a total mistake in imaginery part 7.2+0.798=11.598 // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce index 5a3d218e3..992d68318 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -1,39 +1,33 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT -//Example 22 // read it as example 21 in the book on page 2.75 +//Example 22 (mentioned as 'example 21' in the book) +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 22"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION L=0.1 //in Henry -C=8 //in mf, multiply by 10^-6 to convert to f -R=10 //in ohms +C=8*10^-6 //in Farad +R=10 //in Ohms //SOLUTION //solution (i) -//Resonance frequency for a series RLC circuitf = 1/2.π.sqrt(LC) -fr=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C*10^-6)); +fr=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C)); //resonant frequency disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("For series circuit,Resonant frquency is %3.2f Hz", fr)); +disp(sprintf("For series circuit, resonant frquency is %3f Hz", fr)); disp(" "); //solution (ii) -//Q-factor is Q=w.L/R= 2.π,fr.L/R w=2*%pi*fr; Q=w*L/R; disp("SOLUTION (ii)"); -disp(sprintf("The Q-factor at resonance is %3.2f kΩ", Q)); -// +disp(sprintf("The Q-factor at resonance is %3f kΩ", Q)); + //solution (iii) -//Bandwidth, BW, (f2-f1)=R/(2.π.L), where f1,f2 half power frequencies -//f1=fr-BW/2 -//f2=fr+BW/2 bw=R/(2*%pi*L); -f1=fr-bw/2; -f2=fr+bw/2; +f1=fr+bw/2; disp("SOLUTION (iii)"); -disp(sprintf("half frequency 1 is %3.2f Hz", f1)); -disp(sprintf("half frequency 2 is %3.2f Hz", f2));// -// +disp(sprintf("Half power frequencies are %3f Hz and %3f Hz", f1,fr)); + //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce index 7ff187786..c570e9471 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce @@ -1,38 +1,32 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT -//Example 22 // read it as example 22 in the book on page 2.76 +//Example 22 (mentioned as 'example 22' in the book) +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 23"); -//Given -//Equation of an Ac current with respect to origin -//i=100.sin2.pi.50t -//i=100.sin 100.pi.t -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -A=100 //Amplitude in Amps -f=50 //frquency in Hz -t1=1/600 //sec after wave becomes zero again -a1=86.6 //amplitude at some time t after start +A=100 //amplitude in Amperes +f=50 //frequency in Hz +t1=1/600 //time in seconds after wave becomes zero again +a1=86.6 //amplitude in Amperes at some time 't' after start + //SOLUTION //solution (a) //Amplitude at 1/600 second after it becomes zero -// w=f*2*%pi; //angular speed hp=1/(2*f); //half period, the point where sine beomes zero again after origin -//The hald period , hp, needs to be added to 1/600 sec t=hp+t1; a2=A*sin(w*t); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("Amplitude after 1/600 sec is %3.0f A", a2)); +disp(sprintf("Amplitude after 1/600 sec is %3f A", a2)); disp(" "); //solution (b) //since A=A0.sinwt, t=asin(A/A0)/w t2=(asin(a1/A))/w; disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The time at which amp would be %3.2f is %3.3f sec", a1,t2));//text book answer is 1/300 sec -// +disp(sprintf("The time at which amp would be %f is %3f sec", a1,t2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce index ceb0d8ce0..7d2c67727 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 22 // read it as example 23 in the book on page 2.77 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 24"); @@ -17,11 +18,11 @@ rms=Im/2; Iav=Im/%pi; //average current ff=rms/Iav; disp("SOLUTION"); -disp(sprintf("RMS value of current is %3.0f A", rms)); -disp(sprintf("Average value of current is %3.2f A", Iav)); -disp(sprintf("Form Factor of current is %3.2f A", ff)); +disp(sprintf("RMS value of current is %3f A", rms)); +disp(sprintf("Average value of current is %3f A", Iav)); +disp(sprintf("Form Factor of current is %3f A", ff)); disp(" "); -// + //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce index 9ac4777b9..0d45038ac 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce @@ -1,23 +1,23 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 25 // read it as example 24 in the book on page 2.78 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 25"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION V=350 //Amplitude in Volts -f=50 //frquency in Hz +f=50 //frequency in Hz t1=0.005 //sec after wave becomes zero again -t2=0.008 //sec after waves passes tgrough 0 in -ve direction +t2=0.008 //sec after waves passes through 0 in -ve direction //SOLUTION -//e=E.sin(wt) - +//e=Esinwt //solution (a) -// +//RAmplitude at 1/600 second after it becomes zero w=f*2*%pi; //angular speed v1=V*sin(w*t1); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("Voltage after %.3f sec is %3d V", t1,v1)); +disp(sprintf("Voltage after %f sec is %3f A", t1,v1)); disp(" "); //solution (b) //since wave will pass in -ve direction after half period @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ hp=1/(2*f); //half period, the point where sine beomes zero t=hp+t2; v2=V*sin(w*t); disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The voltage would be %5.2f V in %.3f sec", v2,t)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage would be %f V %3f sec", v2,t)); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce index 05ce350d7..99705bbcd 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce @@ -1,29 +1,30 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 26 // read it as example 25 in the book on page 2.79 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 26"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION A=100 //Amplitude in Amps f=25 //frquency in Hz -a1=20 //value of current in Amps to be achieved in certain time -a2=100 //value of current in Amps tobe achieved in certain time +a1=20 //svalue in Amps to be achieved in certain time +a2=100 //in Amps //SOLUTION -//i=Im.sin(wt) +//i=Isinwt //solution (a) -// +//RAmplitude at 1/600 second after it becomes zero w=f*2*%pi; //angular speed -//when current attains 20 amp means instantaneous value of i=20 Amp t1=(asin(a1/A))/w; disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %d A is %3.5f sec", a1,t1)); +disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %f A is %3f sec", a1,t1)); disp(" "); -//solution (b)//when current attains 100 amp means instantaneous value of i=100 Amp +//solution (b) +//since wave will pass in -ve direction after half period t2=(asin(a2/A))/w; disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %d A is %3.2f sec", a2,t2)); +disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %f A is %3f sec", a2,t2)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce index a88d01676..a8113eea2 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce @@ -1,15 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 27 // read it as example 26 in the book on page 2.79 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 27"); -// Given -//Voltage across the circuit -//v=250.sin (314.t-10) -//current is given by -//i=10.sin(314.t+50) -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION V=250; //Amplitude in Volts w=314; //angular spped @@ -41,13 +36,13 @@ angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; [mag,angle]=rect2pol(real(Z),imag(Z)); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The impedance is %d < %3d Deg", mag,angle));//text book answer is -60 deg +disp(sprintf("The impedance is %f < %3f Deg", mag,angle)); //disp(" "); //power factor=cos(angle) pf=cos(-1*angle*%pi/180); //convert to radians and change sign -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %2.1f", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f", pf)); //Z=R-jXc by comparing real and imag paarts we get -disp(sprintf("The resistance is %3.1fΩ and Reactance is %4.2fΩ", real(Z), imag(Z))); +disp(sprintf("The resistance is %fΩ and Reactance is %3fΩ", real(Z), imag(Z))); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce index ce41fd503..daea93794 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 28 // read it as example 27 in the book on page 2.80 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 28"); -// -//Circuit diagram given with 3 branches + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION z1=2+(%i*3); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms z2=1-(%i*5); //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms @@ -16,51 +16,43 @@ v=10; //in volts //Total impedance //Total circuit impedance Z=(Z1||Z2)+Z3 z=z1+(z2*z3)/(z2+z3); -//define function +disp("SOLUTION (i)"); +disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3f %3fj S", real(z), imag(z))); +//Total supply current I=V/Z +//solution (b) +i=v/z; function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; -[magZ, angleZ]=rect2pol(real(z),imag(z)); -disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.2f+%3.1fj S", real(z), imag(z)));// in rectangula rform -disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.2f %3.1f S", magZ, angleZ)); //in polar form - -//solution (b) -//Total supply current I=V/Z -i=v/z; [mag, angle]=rect2pol(real(i), imag(i)); disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("Total current is %3.2f <%3.1f Amp",mag,angle)); +disp(sprintf("Total current is %f<%f Amp",mag,angle)); //solution (c) //Vbc=I.Zbc where Zbc=(z2*z3)/(z2+z3) Vbc=i*((z2*z3)/(z2+z3)); [mag1, angle1]=rect2pol(real(Vbc), imag(Vbc)); disp("SOLUTION (c)"); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across the || circuit is %3.2f-%3.2fj",real(Vbc), imag(Vbc))); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across the || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag1, angle1)); -disp(sprintf("The voltage Vbc lags circuit by %3.2f Deg",angle-angle1)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across the || circuit is %f<%f",mag1, angle1)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage Vbc lags circuit by %f Deg",angle-angle1)); //solution (d) //i2=Vbc/z2, i3=Vbc/z3 i2=Vbc/z2; i3=Vbc/z3; [mag2, angle2]=rect2pol(real(i2), imag(i2)); [mag3, angle3]=rect2pol(real(i3), imag(i3)); -disp("SOLUTION (d)"); -disp(sprintf("The current across fist branch of || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag2, angle2)); -disp(sprintf("The current across second branch of || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag3, angle3)); +disp(sprintf("The current across fist branch of || circuit is %f<%f",mag2, angle2)); +disp(sprintf("The current across second branch of || circuit is %f<%f",mag3, angle3)); //solution (e) pf=cos(-1*angle*%pi/180); disp("SOLUTION (e)"); -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f",pf)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f",pf)); //solution (iv) //Apparent power s=VI, True Power, tp I^2R, Reactive Power, rp=I^2X or VISSin(angle) -s=v*mag; //apparent power -tp=(mag^2)*magZ;//true power -rp=v*mag*sin(-1*angle*%pi/180);//reactive power +s=v*mag; +tp=mag*mag*real(z); +rp=v*mag*sin(-1*angle*%pi/180); disp("SOLUTION (f)"); -disp(sprintf("The Apparent power is %.2f VA",s)); -disp(sprintf("The True power is %.2f W",tp));//text book answer is 16.32 may be due to truncation -disp(sprintf("The Reactive power is %.1f vars",rp)); +disp(sprintf("The Apparent power is %f VA, True power is %f W , Reactive power is %f vars",s,tp,rp)); disp(" "); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce index e09038cf4..0f2920b3b 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 29 // read it as example 28 in the book on page 2.83 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 29"); -// -//i=120.si(2.pi.f.t) + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION I=120; //Amplitude in Amps f=60; //Hz @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ i2=96; //in Amps ,2 to find time taken to reach this w=2*%pi*f; i=I*sin(w*t1); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %.3f sec is %.1f Amp", t1,i)); +disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %f sec is %f Amp", t1,i)); //solution (b) t2=(asin(i2/I))/w; disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The time taken to reach %2.0f Amp is %.5f Sec", i2,t2)); +disp(sprintf("The time taken to reach %f Amp is %f Sec", i2,t2)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce index a6ea8cb77..cb6e00086 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -1,25 +1,18 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); -//To find average and rms value rectified sine wave shown in Fig. 2.22 - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -//Time period T=pi v_m=5; //peak value of voltage in Volts - //SOLUTION -//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi and dividing by pi v_av=(integrate('v_m*sin(x)','x',0,%pi))/(%pi); -//first v squre rms v_rms=(integrate('(v_m*sin(x))^2','x',0,%pi))/(%pi); -//then V rms: The previous variable reused v_rms=sqrt(v_rms); -//truncating display to 3 digits -disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.3f V",v_av));// answer is wrongly shown as 3.185 in the book -//truncating display to 2 digits -disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_rms)); +disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %f V",v_av)); +disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %f V",v_rms)); + //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce index 7f36ea719..ebe06388b 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 30 // read it as example 29 in the book on page 2.83 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 30"); @@ -15,21 +16,21 @@ i3=14.14; //in Amps, to find time when will it occur a //solution (a) w=2*%pi*f; Im=rms*sqrt(2); -disp(sprintf("The equation would be i=%.2f. sin(%f.t)", Im,w)); +disp(sprintf("The equation would be i=%f. sin(%f.t)", Im,w)); t0=(asin(1)/w); //time to reach maxima in +ve direction i=Im*sin(w*t1); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %f sec is %.2f Amp", t1,i)); +disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %f sec is %f Amp", t1,i)); //solution (b) tx=t0+t2; i2=Im*sin(w*tx); disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %.5f sec is %.2f Amp", t2,i2)); +disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %f sec is %f Amp", t2,i2)); //solution (c) ty=(asin(i3/Im))/w; t3=t0-ty; //since ty is the time starting from 0, the origin needs to be shifted to maxima disp("SOLUTION (c)"); -disp(sprintf("The amplitude of %.2f Amp would be reached in %.5f Sec", i3,t3)); +disp(sprintf("The amplitude of %f Amp would be reached in %f Sec", i3,t3)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce index 870c20204..a462adcc7 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 31 // read it as example 30 in the book on page 2.84 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 31"); @@ -11,10 +12,10 @@ disp("EXAMPLE 31"); //say T=1; // 1 sec Yav=(1/T)*integrate('(10+10*t/T)', 't', 0, 1); -disp(sprintf("The average value of waveform is %.0f", Yav)); +disp(sprintf("The average value of waveform is %f", Yav)); //RMS value Yrms=(1/T).Integral(y^2.dt) from 0 to T Yms=(1/T)*integrate('(10+10*t/T)^2', 't', 0, 1); -disp(sprintf("The RMS value of waveform is %.2f", sqrt(Yms))); +disp(sprintf("The RMS value of waveform is %f", sqrt(Yms))); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce index dcbdbaf4a..a48c72871 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce @@ -1,16 +1,15 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 32 // read it as example 31 in the book on page 2.85 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 32"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION //function of the waveform is deduced to be i=Im.sinΘ //SOLUTION -//Average value of current is Iav=area of rectified wave/interval -//Can be achieved by integration //Iav=(1/2.π).Integral(ydΘ) from 0 to π, and π to 2.π is zero, interval is 2.π -//need to assume values, let Im=1 +// //say Im=1; // in Amp Iav=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(Im*sin(th))', 'th', 0, %pi); @@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ Iav=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(Im*sin(th))', 'th', 0, %pi); Ims=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(Im*sin(th))^2', 'th', 0, %pi); //disp(sprintf("The RMS value of waveform is %f", sqrt(Ims))); ff=sqrt(Ims)/Iav; -disp(sprintf("The form factor of waveform is %.2f",ff)); +disp(sprintf("The form factor of waveform is %f",ff)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce index 3897c5fcc..132e1b1b0 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 33 // read it as example 32 in the book on page 2.86 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 33"); -//Three coils of resistance 20,30,40 ohms and inductance 0.5,0.3 and 0.2 H are connected in series + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r1=20; //in Ω r2=30; // @@ -16,17 +17,17 @@ f=50; //Hz //coils connected in series // //SOLUTION -R=r1+r2+r3; //Total resistance -L=l1+l2+l3; //Total inductance -XL=2*%pi*f*L;//inductive reactance +R=r1+r2+r3; +L=l1+l2+l3; +XL=2*%pi*f*L; //impedence Z=sqrt(R*2 +XL^2) Z=sqrt(R^2 +XL^2); I=V/Z; pf=R/Z; pc=V*I*pf; -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f Amp", I)); -disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.3f lagging", pf)); -disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.1f W", pc)); +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f Amp", I)); +disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %f lagging", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %f W", pc)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce index 560d4657d..aecd5a669 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 34 // read it as example 33 in the book on page 2.87 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 34"); @@ -11,15 +12,15 @@ V=400; // volts f=50; //Hz // //SOLUTION -XC=1/(2*%pi*f*c); //capacitative reactance +XC=1/(2*%pi*f*c); //impedence Z=sqrt(R^2 +XL^2) Z=sqrt(r^2 +XC^2); I=V/Z; pf=r/Z; pc=V*I*pf; -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.2f Amp", I)); -disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.3f leading", pf)); -disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.0f W",pc)); +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f Amp", I)); +disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %f leading", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %f W",pc)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce index 6d46b1c66..c205d94bf 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 35 // read it as example 34 in the book on page 2.88 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 35"); @@ -19,27 +20,27 @@ XC=1/(2*%pi*f*C); X=XL-XC; Z=sqrt(R^2 +X^2); disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The total impedence is %d Ω", Z)); +disp(sprintf("The total impedence is %f Ω", Z)); I=V/Z; disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f Amp", I)); +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f Amp", I)); Vr=I*R; Vi=I*XL; Vc=I*XC; disp("SOLUTION (c)"); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across resistance is %.1f V",Vr)); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across inductance is %.1f V",Vi)); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across capacitance is %.1f V",Vc)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across resistance is %f V",Vr)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across inductance is %f V",Vi)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across capacitance is %f V",Vc)); pf=R/Z; pc=V*I*pf; disp("SOLUTION (d)"); -disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.2f leading", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %f leading", pf)); disp("SOLUTION (e)"); -disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.0f W",pc)); +disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %f W",pc)); //XL=XC f0=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C)); disp("SOLUTION (f)"); -disp(sprintf("Resonance will occur at %.1f Hz",f0));//The text book answer is 39.8 which is apprently wrong +disp(sprintf("Resonance will occur at %f Hz",f0)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce index 7ea401187..3ec7e82b8 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 36 // read it as example 35 in the book on page 2.90 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 36"); @@ -17,20 +18,20 @@ f=50; //Hz //conductance g, susceptance b Z12=(R1^2 +XL^2); //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 1 Z22=(R1^2 +C^2); //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 2 -g1=R1/Z12; //conductance +g1=R1/Z12; g2=R2/Z22; -b1=-XL/Z12; //susceptance +b1=-XL/Z12; b2=C/Z22; -g=g1+g2; //Total conductance -b=b1+b2; //Total susceptance -Y=sqrt(g^2+b^2); //Total admittance +g=g1+g2; +b=b1+b2; +Y=sqrt(g^2+b^2); I=V*Y; disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.1f Amp", I));//text book answer is 12.3 A +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f Amp", I)); pf=g/Y; disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f", pf)); // text book answer is 0.985 +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f", pf)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce index 692a599ba..e96f6f0fe 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 37 // read it as example 36 in the book on page 2.93 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 37"); @@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ Z2=sqrt(R2^2 +C^2); //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 2 i1=V/Z1; i2=V/Z2; disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The current in Branch 1 is %d Amp", i1)); -disp(sprintf("The current in Branch 2 is %d Amp", i2)); +disp(sprintf("The current in Branch 1 is %f Amp", i1)); +disp(sprintf("The current in Branch 2 is %f Amp", i2)); phi1=atan(XL/R1); phi2=%pi/2; //atan(C/R2); //R2=0, output is infinity Icos=i1*cos(phi1)+i2*cos(phi2); // phi in radians @@ -29,11 +30,11 @@ Isin=-i1*sin(phi1)+i2*sin(phi2); // phi in radians I=sqrt(Icos^2+Isin^2); // disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.2f Amp", I)); +disp(sprintf("The total current is %f Amp", I)); // -pf=Icos/I; //power factor +pf=Icos/I; disp("SOLUTION (c)"); -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f ", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f ", pf)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce index bce55490e..b429b6181 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 38 // read it as example 37 in the book on page 2.93 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 38"); -// -//Solve exercise 36 by j method + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION z1=10+15*%i; z2=12-20*%i; @@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ magZ=sqrt(real(Z)^2+imag(Z)^2); I=V/magZ; pf=real(Z)/magZ; disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The current is %.1f Amp", I)); +disp(sprintf("The current is %f Amp", I)); // disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %.3f lagging", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %f", pf)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce index 6fe1c5555..2501085b9 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 39 // read it as example 38 in the book on page 2.94 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 39"); @@ -12,14 +13,8 @@ V=200; f=50; E=V+0*%i; // representing as a vector //invZ=1/z1+1/z2; -//Z23=1/Z2+1/Z3 which is equivalent impedance of parallel circuits -//Z13=Z1+Z23 which is symbolic expression of total impedance -// -//SOLUTION Z23=z2*z3/(z2+z3); Z=z1+Z23; -disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The symbolic expression of impedance %.1f+j%.1f Amp",real(Z),imag(Z))); I=E/Z; magI=sqrt(real(I)^2+imag(I)^2); //total current phi=atan(-imag(I)/real(I)); //total phase @@ -43,21 +38,21 @@ i2=e23/z3; magi2=sqrt(real(i2)^2+imag(i2)^2); phii2=atan(imag(i2)/real(i2)); disp("SOLUTION (b)"); -disp(sprintf("The current in Upper branch is %.1f Amp",magi1)); -disp(sprintf("The current in Lower branch is %.1f Amp",magi2)); -disp(sprintf("The Total current is %.2f Amp",magI));//the text book answer is wrongly shown as 328 A +disp(sprintf("The current in Upper branch is %f Amp",magi1)); +disp(sprintf("The current in Lower branch is %f Amp",magi2)); +disp(sprintf("The Total current is %f Amp",magI)); // pf=cos(phi); // disp("SOLUTION (c)"); -disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %.3f", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %f", pf)); // disp("SOLUTION (d)"); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across series branch is %.1f V", mage12)); -disp(sprintf("The voltage across parallel branch is %.0f V", mage23)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across series branch is %f V", mage12)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across parallel branch is %f V", mage23)); // -tp=V*magI*pf; //total power +tp=V*magI*pf; disp("SOLUTION (e)"); -disp(sprintf("The total power absorbed in circuit is %d W", tp));// the text book answer is 6480 W +disp(sprintf("The total power absorbed in circuit is %f W", tp)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce index 7045a8f28..d39171e75 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -9,13 +10,10 @@ v_m=10; //peak value of voltage in Volts angle=60*(%pi/180); //delay angle in radians //SOLUTION -//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi and dividing by pi v_av=(integrate('v_m*sin(x)','x',angle,%pi))/(%pi); -//effective value v_rms=(integrate('(v_m*sin(x))^2','x',angle,%pi))/(%pi); v_rms=sqrt(v_rms); -disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_av));// truncade to two decimals -// //text book answer is 4.78 -disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_rms));//text book answer is 6.33 +disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %f V",v_av)); +disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %f V",v_rms)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce index e70e3d40c..6b07c1b9a 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce @@ -1,12 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 40 // read it as example 39 in the book on page 2.98 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 40"); -// -//Given -//V=100.sin(314.t+5) V -//current is i=5.sin (314.t-40) + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION V=100; // max amplitude of wave w=314; //angular speed @@ -16,12 +14,12 @@ phiI=-40; //phase angle in current in deg // //SOLUTION -phi=phiI-phiV; // phase difference +phi=phiI-phiV; pf=cos(phi*%pi/180); //convert to radians p=(V/sqrt(2))*(I/sqrt(2))*pf; // -disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %.3f lagging", pf)); -disp(sprintf("The Power delivered is %.2f W", p)); +disp(sprintf("The Power factor is %f lagging", pf)); +disp(sprintf("The Power delivered is %f W", p)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce index 48ca080c2..5d1c14a4e 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 41 // read it as example 40 in the book on page 2.99 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 41"); @@ -15,18 +16,18 @@ lampI=lampW/lampV; lampR=lampW/lampI^2; //W=I^2.R // disp("SOLUTION (a)"); -disp(sprintf("The resistance of the lamp is t is %.2f Ohms", lampR)); +disp(sprintf("The resistance of the lamp is t is %f Ohms", lampR)); // //in purely resistive / non inductive circuit,V=IR applies, and R=lampR+R R=V/lampI-lampR; -disp(sprintf("The value value of resistor to be placed in series with the lamp is %.0f Ohms", R)); +disp(sprintf("The value value of resistor to be placed in series with the lamp is %f Ohms", R)); // //in case of inductance //XL=2*%pi*f*L; //V=Z.I where Z^2=R^2+XL^2 //L=sqrt((V^2/I^2-R^2)/2*%pi*f) L=sqrt((V/lampI)^2-lampR^2)/(2*%pi*f); -disp(sprintf("The inductive resistance to be placed is %.4f H",L)); +disp(sprintf("The inductive resistance to be placed is %f H",L)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce index 4d3681898..9fba797b9 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce @@ -1,37 +1,34 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 42 // read it as example 41 in the book on page 2.100 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 42"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION I=10; // max amplitude of wave in Amp -rms1=5; //rms values of current +rms1=5; rms2=7.5; rms3=10; -phi1=30; //phase angles +phi1=30; phi2=-60; phi3=45; -f=50; //frequency in Hz +f=50; //Hz w=2*%pi*f; // //SOLUTION -//in case of sinosoidal wave, average value of alternating quantity = RMS values/1.11 -av1=rms1/1.11; //average values of 1,2,3 currents +av1=rms1/1.11; av2=rms2/1.11; av3=rms3/1.11; disp("SOLUTION (i)"); -disp(sprintf("The average value of 1st current is %.2f Amp", av1)); -disp(sprintf("The average value of 2nd current is %.2f Amp", av2)); -disp(sprintf("The average value of 3rd current is %.2f Amp", av3)); +disp(sprintf("The average value of 1st current is %f Amp", av1)); +disp(sprintf("The average value of 2nd current is %f Amp", av2)); +disp(sprintf("The average value of 3rd current is %f Amp", av3)); // -//instantaneous values of current -//i(t)=RMS.sqrt(2).sin (w.t+phi) -//w=2.pi.f which for 50 Hz coes to 314 disp("SOLUTION (ii)"); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 1st current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t+%.0f) Amp", rms1*sqrt(2), w,phi1)); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 2nd current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t%.0f) Amp", rms2*sqrt(2), w,phi2)); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 3rd current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t+%.0f) Amp", rms3*sqrt(2), w,phi3)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 1st current is %f sin(%f*t+%f) Amp", rms1*sqrt(2), w,phi1)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 2nd current is %f sin(%f*t%f) Amp", rms2*sqrt(2), w,phi2)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 3rd current is %f sin(%f*t+%f) Amp", rms3*sqrt(2), w,phi3)); // //instantaneous values of current at t=100msec=0.1 sec t=0.1; @@ -39,9 +36,9 @@ i1=(rms1*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi1*%pi/180)); i2=(rms2*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi2*%pi/180)); i3=(rms3*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi3*%pi/180)); disp("SOLUTION (iv)"); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 1st current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i1, t)); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 2nd current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i2, t)); -disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 3rd current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i3, t)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 1st current is %f Amp at %f Sec", i1, t)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 2nd current is %f Amp at %f Sec", i2, t)); +disp(sprintf("The instantaneous value of 3rd current is %f Amp at %f Sec", i3, t)); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce index b4e1f6b76..44090eb66 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 43 // read it as example 42 in the book on page 2.102 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 43"); @@ -14,8 +15,8 @@ f=50; //Hz Iav=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('5+5*sin(th)', 'th',0,2*%pi); Ims=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(5+5*sin(th))^2', 'th',0,2*%pi); // -disp(sprintf("The average value of resultant current is %.2f Amp", Iav)); -disp(sprintf("The RMS value of resultant current is %.2f Amp", sqrt(Ims))); +disp(sprintf("The average value of resultant current is %f Amp", Iav)); +disp(sprintf("The RMS value of resultant current is %f Amp", sqrt(Ims))); disp(" "); // //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce index b01b90a84..bd68d8081 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce @@ -1,22 +1,20 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 44 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 44"); -//given -//current in the resistor is given by i=4+5.sin wt - 3.cos 3.wt //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -r=20; //resistance in Ohms +r=20; //in Ohms //SOLUTION -//Power consumed by the resistor is P=P0+P1+P2 p0=(4^2)*r; p1=((5/sqrt(2))^2)*r; p2=((3/sqrt(2))^2)*r; p=p0+p1+p2; I=sqrt(p/r); disp(sprintf("The power consumed by the resistor is %d W",p)); -disp(sprintf("The effective value of current is %.1f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("The effective value of current is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce index 9122b5be2..06f1c14ca 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce @@ -1,36 +1,36 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 45 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 45"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -L=1.405; //inductance in Henry -r=40; //resistance in Ohms -C=20/(10^6); //capacitance in Farad -v=100; //voltage in Volts +L=1.405; //in Henry +r=40; //in Ohms +c=20/(10^6); //in Farad +v=100; //in Volts //SOLUTION -//resonant frequency f=1/2.pi.sqrt (L.C) -f0=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C)); +f0=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*c)); disp(sprintf("The frequency at which the circuit resonates is %d Hz",f0)); I0=v/r; -disp(sprintf("The current drawn from the supply is %.1f A",I0)); +disp(sprintf("The current drawn from the supply is %f A",I0)); xl0=2*%pi*f0*L; z0=sqrt((r^2)+(xl0^2)); vl0=I0*z0; -disp(sprintf("The voltage across the coil is %.1f V",vl0)); +disp(sprintf("The voltage across the coil is %f V",vl0)); -xc0=1/(2*%pi*f0*C); -disp(sprintf("The capcitative reactance is %.1f Ω",xc0)); +xc0=1/(2*%pi*f0*c); +disp(sprintf("The capcitative reactance is %f Ω",xc0)); Q0=(2*%pi*f0*L)/r; -disp(sprintf("The quality factor is %.3f", Q0)); +disp(sprintf("The quality factor is %f", Q0)); bw=r/L; -disp(sprintf("The bandwidth is %.3f Hz",bw)); +disp(sprintf("The bandwidth is %f Hz",bw)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce index 8b73830ef..d8a4b6452 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 46 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 46"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -I=120-(%i*(50)); //given, current in Amperes -v=8+(%i*(2)); //given, voltage in Volts +I=120-(%i*(50)); //in Amperes +v=8+(%i*(2)); //in Volts //SOLUTION @@ -21,12 +22,12 @@ endfunction; //solution (i) z=v/I; angle_z=angle_v-angle_I; -disp(sprintf("(i) The impedance is %.4f Ω,<%.2f degrees",z,angle_z)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The impedance is %f Ω, %f degrees",z,angle_z)); //solution (ii) phi=angle_z; pf=cos(phi*(%pi/180)); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pf)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %f (lagging)",pf)); //solution (iii) s=v*I; @@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180)); endfunction; [p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s); -disp(sprintf("(iii) The power consumed is %.2f W",p)); -disp(sprintf(" The reactive power is %.2f VAR",q)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The power consumed is %f W",p)); +disp(sprintf(" The reactive power is %f VAR",q)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce index 1e5f6185b..6bffacc05 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 47 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 47"); -//given -//current in the circuit is 5-j.10 A //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r=10; //in Ohms xl=8.66; //in Ohms @@ -24,16 +23,14 @@ endfunction; //solution(i) v=I*z; angle_v=angle_I+angle_z; -disp(sprintf("(i) The applied voltage is %.1f V, %.2f degrees",v,angle_v)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The applied voltage is %f V, %f degrees",v,angle_v)); //solution (ii) phi=angle_I-angle_v; pf=cos(phi*(%pi/180)); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pf)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %f (lagging)",pf)); //solution(iii) -//S=phasor voltageXconjugate of phasor current -//Converting v and I from polar to rectangular form s=v*I; angle_s=angle_v-angle_I; //function to convert from polar form to rectangular form @@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180)); //to convert the angle from degrees to radians y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180)); endfunction; [p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s); -disp(sprintf("(iii) The active power is %.2f W",p)); -disp(sprintf(" The reactive power is %.2f VAR",q)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The active power is %f W",p)); +disp(sprintf(" The reactive power is %f VAR",q)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce index 9e93c267b..57c2b0e7b 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 48 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 48"); @@ -10,7 +11,6 @@ pf2=0.6; //power factor of 2nd circuit z=1; //this is an assumption //SOLUTION -//convert polar to rectangular form angle1=acos(pf1)*(180/%pi); //in degrees angle2=acos(pf2)*(180/%pi); //in degrees //function to convert from polar form to rectangular form @@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ endfunction; [z,angle]=rect2pol(z_x,z_y); angle_z=nr-angle; pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180)); -disp(sprintf("The power factor of the combination is %.3f",pf)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor of the combination is %f",pf)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce index a1cd3ec1d..916d4afa2 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce @@ -1,13 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 49 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 49"); -//Given -//voltage V=200 <30 -//current 20 <60 and 40 <-30 - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v=200; //in Volts angle_v=30; //in degrees @@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ s1=v*I1; angle_s1=-angle_v+angle_I1; disp(sprintf("The apparent power in 1st branch is %d kVA",s1/1000)); [s1_x,s1_y]=pol2rect(s1,angle_s1); -disp(sprintf("The true power in 1st branch is %.3f kW",s1_x/1000)); +disp(sprintf("The true power in 1st branch is %f kW",s1_x/1000)); disp(" "); @@ -38,7 +35,7 @@ angle_s2=angle_v-angle_I2; disp(sprintf("The apparent power in 2nd branch is %d kVA",s2/1000)); [s2_x,s2_y]=pol2rect(s2,angle_s2); disp(sprintf("The true power in 2nd branch is %d kW",s2_x/1000)); -I=(I1_x+I2_x)+(%i*(I1_y+I2_y)); //disp(I); +I=(I1_x+I2_x)+(%i*(I1_y+I2_y)); disp(I); //function to convert from rectangular form to polar form function [I,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); @@ -46,12 +43,12 @@ I=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; [I,angle]=rect2pol(real(I),imag(I)); -//disp(I); +disp(I); s=v*I; angle_s=angle_v-angle; -disp(sprintf("The apparent power in the main circuit is %.3f kVA",s/1000)); +disp(sprintf("The apparent power in the main circuit is %f kVA",s/1000)); [p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s); -disp(sprintf("The true power in the main circuit is %.3f kW",p/1000)); +disp(sprintf("The true power in the main circuit is %f kW",p/1000)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce index ce799fefc..4fbe07d32 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -1,30 +1,28 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -I1=0.75; //current in loop 1 in Amperes -v=240; //voltage supply in Volts -f=50; //frequency in Hertz -p=80; //power consumed by the lamp in Watts +I1=0.75; //in Amperes +v=240; //in Volts +f=50; //in Hertz +p=80; //in Watts //SOLUTION -//V.I1.cos(Φ1) = P -res=p/v; //I1cos(Φ1) -pf1=res/I1; //1st power factor = cos(Φ1) +res=p/v; +pf1=res/I1; //1st power factor = cos(Φ1) phi1=acos(pf1); -res1=tan(phi1); //result1 = tan(Φ1) -w=2*%pi*f; //w=2.pi.f +res1=tan(phi1); //result1 = tan(Φ1) +w=2*%pi*f; //solution (a) -//Given power factor = unity means cos(Φ2)=1 -//hence Φ2=0, tan (Φ2)=0 -res2=0; //result2 = tan(Φ2) as Φ2=0 +res2=0; //result2 = tan(Φ2) Ic1=res*(res1-res2); c1=Ic1/(v*w); -disp(sprintf("(a) When power factor is unity, the value of capacitance is %4.2f μF",c1*(10^6))); // in mF +disp(sprintf("(a) When power factor is unity, the value of capacitance is %f μF",c1*(10^6))); //solution (b) pf2=0.95; //given @@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ phi2=acos(pf2); res2=tan(phi2); Ic2=res*(res1-res2); c2=Ic2/(v*w); -disp(sprintf("(b) When power factor is 0.95(lagging), the value of capacitance is %5.3f μF",c2*(10^6))); //textbook answer is 7.458 mF +disp(sprintf("(b) When power factor is 0.95(lagging), the value of capacitance is %f μF",c2*(10^6))); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce index 1c1aa59a3..e46eac363 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce @@ -1,14 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 50 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 50"); -//Given -//three impedances -//6+j5 ohm, 8-j6 ohm and 8+j10 ohm -//Circuit in parallel -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION z1=6+(%i*5); //impedance in Ohms z2=8-(%i*6); //impedance in Ohms @@ -16,10 +12,10 @@ z3=8+(%i*10); //impedance in Ohms I=20; //in Amperes //SOLUTION -Y1=1/z1; // Admittance +Y1=1/z1; Y2=1/z2; Y3=1/z3; -Y=Y1+Y2+Y3; // Total admittance +Y=Y1+Y2+Y3; //function to convert from rectangular form to polar form function [Y,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); Y=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); @@ -38,11 +34,8 @@ angle_I2=angle_v-angle2; I3=v/z3; angle_I3=angle_v-angle3; disp("The current in each branch in polar form is-"); -disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I1,angle_I1)); -disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I2,angle_I2)); -disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I3,angle_I3)); -//Total current -I=I1+I2+I3; -disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f A",I)); //Answer not clear in the book -// +disp(sprintf(" %f A, %f degrees",I1,angle_I1)); +disp(sprintf(" %f A, %f degrees",I2,angle_I2)); +disp(sprintf(" %f A, %f degrees",I3,angle_I3)); + //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce index 85f7d494b..90e9c5273 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce @@ -1,30 +1,25 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 51 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 51"); -// -//Given -// admittance of branches are: -//Y1=0.4+j0.6 -//Y2=0.1+j0.4 -//Y3=0.06+j0.23 -// + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION Y1=0.4+(%i*0.6); //admittance of 1st branch in Siemens Y2=0.1+(%i*0.4); //admittance of 2nd branch in Siemens Y3=0.06+(%i*0.23); //admittance of 3rd branch in Siemens //SOLUTION -Y=Y1+Y2+Y3; // total admittance +Y=Y1+Y2+Y3; //function to convert from rectangular form to polar form function [Y,angle]=rect2pol(x,y); Y=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi); //to convert the angle from radians to degrees endfunction; -[Y,angle]=rect2pol(real(Y),imag(Y)); -disp(sprintf("The total admittance of the circuit is %.3f S, %.2f degrees",Y,angle)); -z=1/Y; -disp(sprintf("The impedance of the circuit is %.3f Ω, %.2f degrees",z,-angle)); -// +[Y1,angle]=rect2pol(real(Y),imag(Y)); +disp(sprintf("The total admittance of the circuit is %f S, %f degrees",Y1,angle)); +z=1/Y1; +disp(sprintf("The impedance of the circuit is %f Ω, %f degrees",z,-angle)); + //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce index d0d64ad6f..f3b5d6d93 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 52 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 52"); @@ -49,29 +50,29 @@ r_tot=req+rp; x_tot=xeq+xp; [z_tot,angle_tot]=rect2pol(r_tot,x_tot); Z=r_tot+x_tot*%i; //complex representation -disp(sprintf("(a) The total impedance is %.3f Ω, %.2f degrees",z_tot,angle_tot)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The total impedance is %f Ω, %f degrees",z_tot,angle_tot)); //solution (b) I=v/Z; //complex division angle_I=-angle_tot; [I_x,I_y]=pol2rect(I,angle_I); -disp(sprintf("(b) The total currrent is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I),imag(I))); +disp(sprintf("(b) The total currrent is (%f-j%f) A",real(I),imag(I))); //solution (c) //Voltage drop across Z3 Vab=I*Z3; -disp(sprintf(" The Voltage between AB is (%.3f-j%.2f) V",real(Vab),imag(Vab))); +disp(sprintf(" The Voltage between AB is (%f-j%f) A",real(Vab),imag(Vab))); //since we know that V=Vab+Vbc Vbc=v-Vab; -disp(sprintf(" The Voltage between BC is (%.3f-j%.2f) V",real(Vbc),imag(Vbc))); +disp(sprintf(" The Voltage between BC is (%f-j%f) A",real(Vbc),imag(Vbc))); I1=Vbc/Z1; //Branch 1 current I2=Vbc/Z2; //branch 2 current //I3=I, main branch current [mag1,angle1]=rect2pol(real(I1),imag(I1)); [mag2,angle2]=rect2pol(real(I2),imag(I2)); -disp(sprintf("(c) Current in branch 1 is %.3f,< %.2f degrees A",mag1,angle1)); -disp(sprintf(" The currrent in branch 1 is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I1),imag(I1))); -disp(sprintf(" The current in branch 2 is %.3f A,<%.2f degrees A",mag2,angle2)); -disp(sprintf(" The currrent in branch 2 is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I2),imag(I2))); +disp(sprintf("(c) Current in branch 1 is %f A, %f degrees",mag1,angle1)); +disp(sprintf(" The currrent in branch 1 is (%f-j%f) A",real(I1),imag(I1))); +disp(sprintf(" The current in branch 2 is %f A, %f degrees",mag2,angle2)); +disp(sprintf(" The currrent in branch 2 is (%f-j%f) A",real(I2),imag(I2))); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce index ccdef8fb0..f18db0590 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce @@ -1,13 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 53 Read Example 52 of the Text Book +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 53"); -//Given -//Voltage 230 <30 V -//Current in branches 20 <60 A & 40<-30 A -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v=230; //in Volts angle_v=30; //in degrees @@ -37,11 +34,11 @@ endfunction; //solution (i) z=v/I; angle_z=angle_v-angle; -disp(sprintf("(i) The total impedance of the circuit is %.2f Ω, %.2f degrees",z,angle_z)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The total impedance of the circuit is %f Ω, %f degrees",z,angle_z)); //solution (ii) //disp(sprintf("The value of I is %f and angle is %f",I, angle_z)); -pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180)); //power factor -p=v*I*pf; // Power taken -disp(sprintf("(ii) The power taken is %.0f W",p)); +pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180)); +p=v*I*pf; +disp(sprintf("(ii) The power taken is %f W",p)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce index 4b6e43d75..766e3ffeb 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 54 Read example 53 of the Book +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 54"); @@ -10,13 +11,7 @@ R=15; //in Ohms L=260/1000; //in Henry //SOLUTION -//resonant Frequency is given by -//fr= 1/ 2.pi.(sqrt (1/LC - R^2/L^2)) -//Q-factor is given by: -//Qf=2.pi.fr.L/R -//dynamic impedance is given by -//Zr=L/C.R -// + //solution (i) f_r=(1/(2*%pi))*sqrt((1/(L*C)-(R^2/L^2))); f_r=round(f_r); //to round off the value @@ -24,10 +19,10 @@ disp(sprintf("(i) The resonant frequency is %d Hz",f_r)); //solution (ii) q_factor=(2*%pi*f_r*L)/R; -disp(sprintf("(ii) The Q-factor of the circuit is %.2f",q_factor)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The Q-factor of the circuit is %f",q_factor)); //solution (iii) Z_r=L/(C*R); -disp(sprintf("(iii) The dynamic impedance of the circuit is %.0f Ω",Z_r)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The dynamic impedance of the circuit is %f Ω",Z_r)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce index 378b29151..61aedd2de 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); @@ -12,18 +13,17 @@ v=230; //in Volts pf2=0.9; //power factor(lagging) //SOLUTION -//V.I1.cos(Φ1) = P phi1=acos(pf1); res1=tan(phi1); //result1 = tan(Φ1) phi2=acos(pf2); res2=tan(phi2); //result2 = tan(Φ2) Ic=I1*pf1*(res1-res2); -w=2*%pi*f; //w=2.pi.f +w=2*%pi*f; c=Ic/(v*w); -disp(sprintf("The value of capacitance is %5.2f μF",c*(10^6)));//text book answer is 82.53 mF -Qc=v*Ic; // reactive power in kVAr -disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %6.4f kVAR",Qc/(10^3)));//text book answer is 1.3716 -I2=I1*(pf1/pf2); //I1.cos(Φ1) = I2.cos(Φ2) -disp(sprintf("The new supply current is %5.2f A",I2)); +disp(sprintf("The value of capacitance is %f μF",c*(10^6))); +Qc=v*Ic; +disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %f kVAR",Qc/(10^3))); +I2=I1*(pf1/pf2); +disp(sprintf("The new supply current is %f A",I2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce index 97183894a..a2b70e663 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -1,24 +1,25 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -s1=300; //apparent power absorbed by the plant in kVA +s1=300; //apparent power in kVA pf1=0.65; //power factor(lagging) pf2=0.85; //power factor(lagging) //SOLUTION //solution (a) -p=s1*pf1; //active power P=S.cos(Φ) -q1=sqrt((s1^2)-(p^2)); //Q=sqrt(S^2-P^2) in kVAr -disp(sprintf("(a) To bring the power factor to unity, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %3.0f kVAR",q1)); +p=s1*pf1; //active power +q1=sqrt((s1^2)-(p^2)); +disp(sprintf("(a) To bring the power factor to unity, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %f kVAR",q1)); //solution (b) -s2=p/pf2; //since P=S.cos(Φ) -q2=sqrt((s2^2)-(p^2)); //Q=sqrt(S^2-P^2) in kVAr -disp(sprintf("(b) To bring the power factor to 85%% lagging, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %3.0f kVAR",q2)); +s2=p/pf2; +q2=sqrt((s2^2)-(p^2)); +disp(sprintf("(b) To bring the power factor to 85%% lagging, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %f kVAR",q2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce index adfd7b625..4c5492c4e 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -1,31 +1,22 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); -//Given -//V=300.cos(314.t+20) volts -//i=15.cos(314.t-10) Amp -// //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -//V=300.cos(314.t+20) volts -//V=300.sin(314.t+110) volts as cos(theta)=sin(theta+90) -//i=15.cos(314.t-10) Amp -//i=15.sin(314.t+80) Amp as cos(theta)=sin(theta+90) -//Now -V=300/sqrt(2); //in Volts -angle_V=110; //in degrees +v=300/sqrt(2); //in Volts +angle_v=110; //in degrees I=15/sqrt(2); //in Amperes angle_I=80; //in degrees //SOLUTION -Z=V/I; //circuit impedance -angle_Z=angle_V-angle_I; //angle between current and voltage +Z=v/I; +angle_Z=angle_v-angle_I; disp(sprintf("The circuit impedance is %d Ω",Z)); disp(sprintf("The phase angle is %d degrees",angle_Z)); -//Pav=Vm*Im.cos (phi) in RL circuit -Pav=V*I*cos(angle_Z*(%pi/180)); //to convert angle_z from degrees to radians -disp(sprintf("The average power drawn is %7.2f W",Pav));// textboo answer is 1949.85 w +p_av=v*I*cos(angle_Z*(%pi/180)); //to convert angle_z from degrees to radians +disp(sprintf("The average power drawn is %f W",p_av)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce index 0fd9a5c6d..f2779616b 100644 --- a/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -1,26 +1,20 @@ //CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 2"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); - //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION -V=120; //voltage of lamp in Volts -P=100; //in Watts -Vsupp=220; //supply voltage in Volts -f=50; //in Hertz -//Equations to be used -//Z=R+jXl -//Vsupply=V+jVl=sqrt(V^2+Vl^2) -//Hence Vl=sqrt(Vsupply^2-V^2) -//P=VI -//Xl=2.pi.f.L +v1=120; //voltage of lamp in Volts +p=100; //in Watts +v2=220; //supply voltage in Volts +f=50; //in Hertz //SOLUTION -Vl=sqrt((Vsupp^2)-(V^2)); -Xl=(V*Vl)/P; -L=Xl/(2*%pi*f); //inductance -disp(sprintf("The pure inductance should have a value of %6.4f H",L)); //text book answer is 0.7046 H +vl=sqrt((v2^2)-(v1^2)); +xl=(v1*vl)/p; +L=xl/(2*%pi*f); +disp(sprintf("The pure inductance should have a value of %f H",L)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce index f9883c955..697de879a 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); @@ -13,29 +14,29 @@ xc=10; //capacitive reactance in Ohms //solution (i) v_ph=v_l/sqrt(3); //phase voltage=(line voltage)/sqrt(3) for star connection -disp(sprintf("(i) The phase voltage is %.2f V",v_ph)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The phase voltage is %f V",v_ph)); //solution (ii) z_ph=sqrt((r^2)+(xc^2)); I_l=v_ph/z_ph; //phase current = line current for star connection -disp(sprintf("(ii) The line current is %.2f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The line current is %f A",I_l)); //solution (iii) -disp(sprintf("(iii) The phase current is %.2f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The phase current is %f A",I_l)); //solution (iv) pow_fact=r/z_ph; -disp(sprintf("(iv) The power factor of the circuit is %.2f (leading)",pow_fact)); +disp(sprintf("(iv) The power factor of the circuit is %f (leading)",pow_fact)); //solution (v) p=sqrt(3)*v_l*I_l*pow_fact; -disp(sprintf("(v) The total power absorbed is %.0f W",p)); +disp(sprintf("(v) The total power absorbed is %f W",p)); //solution (vi) va=sqrt(3)*v_l*I_l; -disp(sprintf("(vi) The apparent power is %.0f VA",va)); +disp(sprintf("(vi) The apparent power is %f VA",va)); var=sqrt((va^2)-(p^2)); -disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %.0f VAR",var)); +disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %f VAR",var)); //Answers (v) and (vi) are different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce index 03c2bf54d..b340b3974 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); @@ -35,9 +36,9 @@ x=inv(A)*b; x1=x(1,:); x2=x(2,:); disp("Solution (b)"); -disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %.2f kW",power_sum)); -disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %.2f kW",power_diff)); -disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %.2f kW and %.2f kW",x1,x2)); +disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %f kW",power_sum)); +disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %f kW",power_diff)); +disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %f kW and %f kW",x1,x2)); //solution (c): when phi=60 or %pi/3 power_sum=20*cos(%pi/3); @@ -48,9 +49,9 @@ x=inv(A)*b; x1=x(1,:); x2=x(2,:); disp("Solution (c)"); -disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %.2f kW",power_sum)); -disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %.2f kW",power_diff)); -disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %.2f kW and %.2f kW",x1,x2)); +disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %f kW",power_sum)); +disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %f kW",power_diff)); +disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %f kW and %f kW",x1,x2)); //solution (d): when phi=90 or %pi/2 power_sum=20*cos(%pi/2); @@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ x=inv(A)*b; x1=x(1,:); x2=x(2,:); disp("Solution (d)"); -disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %.2f kW",power_sum)); -disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %.2f kW",power_diff)); -disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %.2f kW and %.2f kW",x1,x2)); +disp(sprintf("P1 + P2 = %f kW",power_sum)); +disp(sprintf("P1 - P2 = %f kW",power_diff)); +disp(sprintf("The two wattmeter readings are %f kW and %f kW",x1,x2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce index 07ceb2454..a7b1cdf9c 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); @@ -16,19 +17,19 @@ p1=w1+w2; p2=w1-w2; phi=atan((sqrt(3)*p2)/p1); //this equation comes from two-wattmeter method pow_fact=cos(phi); -disp(sprintf("(a) The power factor of the circuit is %.3f (leading)",pow_fact)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The power factor of the circuit is %f (leading)",pow_fact)); //solution (b) I_l=p1/(sqrt(3)*v_l*pow_fact); -disp(sprintf("(b) The line current is %.2f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The line current is %f A",I_l)); //solution (c) v_ph=v_l/sqrt(3); z_ph=v_ph/I_l; //phase current = line current for delta connection r_ph=z_ph*pow_fact; -disp(sprintf("(c) The resistance of each phase is %.2f Ω",r_ph)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The resistance of each phase is %f Ω",r_ph)); xc=sqrt((z_ph^2)-(r_ph^2)); c=1/(2*%pi*f*xc); -disp(sprintf("The capacitance of each phase is %.3E F",c)); +disp(sprintf("The capacitance of each phase is %E F",c)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce index c5a2d35e0..c3ef9143f 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -14,9 +15,9 @@ v_ph=v_l/sqrt(3); //phase voltage = (line voltage)/sqrt(3) z_ph=v_ph/I_l; //phase current = line current for star connection pow_fact=p/(sqrt(3)*v_l*I_l); //three-phase power = sqrt(3)*v_l*I_l*pow_fact r_ph=z_ph*pow_fact; //from impedance tringle -disp(sprintf("The resisatnce of each impedance is %.2f Ω",r_ph)); +disp(sprintf("The resisatnce of each impedance is %f Ω",r_ph)); x_ph=sqrt((z_ph^2)-(r_ph^2)); -disp(sprintf("The ractance of each impedance is %.2f Ω",x_ph)); +disp(sprintf("The ractance of each impedance is %f Ω",x_ph)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce index e99995138..4af78e160 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); @@ -16,19 +17,19 @@ f=50; //frequency in Hertz x_ph=2*(%pi)*f*l; //inductive reactance z_ph=sqrt((r_ph^2)+(x_ph^2)); I_ph=v_l/z_ph; //phase voltage = line voltage for delta connection -disp(sprintf("(a) The phase current is %.2f A",I_ph)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The phase current is %f A",I_ph)); //solution (b) I_l=sqrt(3)*I_ph; //phase current = (line current)/sqrt(3) for delta connection -disp(sprintf("(b) The line current is %.2f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The line current is %f A",I_l)); //solution (c) pow_fact=r_ph/z_ph; -disp(sprintf("(c) The power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pow_fact)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The power factor is %f (lagging)",pow_fact)); //solution (d) p=sqrt(3)*v_l*I_l*pow_fact; -disp(sprintf("(d) The power absorbed is %.0f W",p)); +disp(sprintf("(d) The power absorbed is %f W",p)); //Answer is different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce index 085e72919..b88459ab7 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ b=a-120; //lags by 120 degrees //I_nc I_na=sqrt((real(I))^2+(imag(I))^2); c=a-240; // lags by another 120 degrees ie.,240 degrees -disp(sprintf("The line currents are %.3f A (%.2f degrees), %.3f A (%.2f degrees) and %.3f A (%.2f degrees)",I_na,a,I_na,b,I_na,c)); +disp(sprintf("The line currents are %f A (%f degrees), %f A (%f degrees) and %f A (%f degrees)",I_na,a,I_na,b,I_na,c)); //line current lags phase current by 30 degrees, hence (-30) @@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ b1=b-(-30); //I_AC I_AC=I_na/sqrt(3); c1=c-(-30); -disp(sprintf("The phase currents are %.3f A (%.2f degrees), %.3f A (%.2f degrees) and %.3f A (%.2f degrees)",I_AB,a1,I_BC,b1,I_AC,c1)); +disp(sprintf("The phase currents are %f A (%f degrees), %f A (%f degrees) and %f A (%f degrees)",I_AB,a1,I_BC,b1,I_AC,c1)); //converting z_delta from polar form to rectangular form z=sqrt((real(z_delta))^2+(imag(z_delta))^2); @@ -56,15 +57,15 @@ b2=b1+angle; //v_AC v_AC=I_AC*z; c2=c1+angle; -disp(sprintf("The phase voltages for the delta load are %.3f A (%.2f degrees), %.3f A (%.2f degrees) and %.3f A (%.2f degrees)",v_AB,a2,v_BC,b2,v_AC,c2)); +disp(sprintf("The phase voltages for the delta load are %f A (%f degrees), %f A (%f degrees) and %f A (%f degrees)",v_AB,a2,v_BC,b2,v_AC,c2)); p_AB=(I_AB^2)*real(z_delta); p_load=3*p_AB; -disp(sprintf("The power absorbed by the load is %.2f W",p_load)); +disp(sprintf("The power absorbed by the load is %f W",p_load)); p_l=3*(I_na^2)*real(z_wire); -disp(sprintf("The power dissipated by the line is %.2f W",p_l)); +disp(sprintf("The power dissipated by the line is %f W",p_l)); p=p_load+p_l; -disp(sprintf("The total power supplied by 3-ϕ source is %.2f W",p)); +disp(sprintf("The total power supplied by 3-ϕ source is %f W",p)); //Answers may be slightly different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce index 2804e3e92..f956a407d 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); @@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ disp(sprintf("(a) The total power is %d W",p1)); p2=w1-w2; phi=atan((sqrt(3)*p2)/p1); //this equation comes from two-wattmeter method pow_fact=cos(phi); -disp(sprintf("(b) The power factor of the load is %.3f", pow_fact)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The power factor of the load is %f", pow_fact)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce index 52cdce49a..192081a59 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); @@ -14,17 +15,17 @@ pow_fact=0.81; //solution (a) p_in=p_out/eff; -disp(sprintf("(a) The motor input is %.2f kW",p_in/1000)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The motor input is %f kW",p_in/1000)); //solution (b) I=p_in/(sqrt(3)*v_l*pow_fact);//phase current = line current for star connection -disp(sprintf("(b) The line and phase current of the alternator is %.2f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The line and phase current of the alternator is %f A",I)); //solution (c) I_l=I; I_ph=I_l/sqrt(3); //phase current = (line current)/sqrt(3) for delta connection -disp(sprintf("(c) The line current of the motor is %.2f A",I_l)); -disp(sprintf("The phase current of the motor is %.2f A",I_ph)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The line current of the motor is %f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("The phase current of the motor is %f A",I_ph)); //Answers may be different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce index 3371d0fe9..68e1d82ad 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); @@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ disp(sprintf("The current in the three phases are %d A, %d A and %d A",I1,I2,I3) I_x=0+I2*(sqrt(3)/2)-I3*(sqrt(3)/2); //x-component of the three currents =>I_x = I1*cos(90) + I2*cos(30) + I3*cos(30) I_y=I1-(I2*0.5)-(I3*0.5); //y-component of the three currents =>I_y = I1*sin(90) + I2*sin(30) + I3*sin(30) I=sqrt((I_x^2)+(I_y^2)); -disp(sprintf("The neutral current is %.2f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("The neutral current is %f A",I)); p1=v_ph*I1; //power consumed in 1st phase p2=v_ph*I2; //power consumed in 2nd phase diff --git a/1445/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/1445/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce index bfc910b2f..450ea5b3e 100644 --- a/1445/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 3- THREE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUITS //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 3"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); @@ -15,20 +16,20 @@ phi=atan(imag(z)/real(z)); //atan() gives output in radians I_ph=v_ph/z_mag; I_l=sqrt(3)*I_ph; -disp(sprintf("The line current is %.2f A",I_l)); +disp(sprintf("The line current is %f A",I_l)); pow_fact=cos(phi); -disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.2f",pow_fact)); +disp(sprintf("The power factor is %f",pow_fact)); p=sqrt(3)*v_ph*I_l*pow_fact; //phase volt=line volt in delta connection(v_l=v_ph) -disp(sprintf("The power is %.2f W",p)); +disp(sprintf("The power is %f W",p)); var=sqrt(3)*v_ph*I_l*sin(phi); var=var/1000; //from VAR to kVAR -disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %.2f kVAR",var)); +disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %f kVAR",var)); va=sqrt(3)*v_ph*I_l; va=va/1000; //from VA to kVA -disp(sprintf("The total volt amperes is %.2f kVA",va)); +disp(sprintf("The total volt amperes is %f kVA",va)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce index e46040447..298c0cf4c 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); @@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ ar=15/10000; //area in m^2 //SOLUTION T_d=N*B*I*ar; -disp(sprintf("The deflecting torque exerted on the coil is %.3f N-m",T_d)); +disp(sprintf("The deflecting torque exerted on the coil is %f N-m",T_d)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce index b60ae7828..1d25807e6 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce index c52886b03..3126484f3 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce index 4b5b1249e..006e41585 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce index 701df6ff4..2a1b004b4 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ emf=2; //emf of cell in Volts //SOLUTION I=emf/r; //current in the circuit I_g=(S*I)/(S+G); -disp(sprintf("The current through the galvanometer is %.3f A",I_g)); +disp(sprintf("The current through the galvanometer is %f A",I_g)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce index b66ea829a..a6997554a 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); @@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ G=2970; //in Ohms //SOLUTION S=(G*I_g)/(I-I_g); //since I_g=(S*I)/(S+G); -disp(sprintf("The wire should have a resistance of %.0f Ω",S)); +disp(sprintf("The wire should have a resistance of %f Ω",S)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce index 67b16af41..179ac1fea 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -15,12 +16,12 @@ V=500; //in Volts //solution (a) R_sh=r_A/((I/I_A)-1); //(I/I_A) is the multiplying factor of the shunt -disp(sprintf("The required shunt resistance is %.2f Ω",R_sh)); +disp(sprintf("The required shunt resistance is %f Ω",R_sh)); //solutuion (b) r=V/I_A; //total resistance required R_se=r-r_A; -disp(sprintf("The required resistance to be added in series is %.3f Ω",R_se)); +disp(sprintf("The required resistance to be added in series is %f Ω",R_se)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce index 92c7bc1cf..d61469385 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); @@ -14,10 +15,10 @@ rev_act=360; //actual number of revolutions //SOLUTION E=(v*I*pow_fact)/1000; //'E' is energy consumed in one hour in kWh rev=m_c*E; //number of revolutions for true energy -disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %.0f",rev)); +disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %f",rev)); err=(rev_act-rev)/rev; //error err=err*100; //percentage error -disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err)); +disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %f %%",err)); if(err<0) then disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow"); end diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce index 73dca4c0c..3c5440055 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); @@ -12,6 +13,6 @@ v=500; //in Volts //SOLUTION r_m=v_m/I_m; //resistance of moving-coil instrument r_s=(v/I_m)-r_m; -disp(sprintf("The series resistance to measure 500 V on full scale is %.2f Ω",r_s)); +disp(sprintf("The series resistance to measure 500 V on full scale is %f Ω",r_s)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce index 9dc6529ee..0d93f14aa 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); @@ -14,10 +15,10 @@ rev_act=350; //actual revolution //SOLUTION E=(v*I*pow_fact)/1000; //from Wh to kWh rev_true=m_c*E; -disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %.0f",rev_true)); +disp(sprintf("The number of revolutions made by the meter is %f",rev_true)); err=(rev_act-rev_true)/rev_true; err=err*100; //percentage error -disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err)); +disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %f %%",err)); if(err<0) then disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow"); end diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce index d298ccbd6..208eba54d 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); @@ -12,10 +13,10 @@ v=30; //in Volts //SOLUTION R_sh=(I_m*r_m)/I; //I_m=I*(R_sh/(R_sh+r_m)) if R_sh<<5Ω, then I_m=I*(R_sh/r_m) neglecting R_sh in the denominator -disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 2A, a shunt of %.2f Ω has to be connected in parallel",R_sh)); +disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 2A, a shunt of %f Ω has to be connected in parallel",R_sh)); R_se=(v-(I_m*r_m))/I_m; -disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 30V, a resistance of %.2f Ω has to be connected in series",R_se)); +disp(sprintf("In order to read upto 30V, a resistance of %f Ω has to be connected in series",R_se)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce index 037cea75c..525572a7f 100644 --- a/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 4- MEASURING INSTRUMENTS //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 4"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ E1=(v*I*t*pow_fact)/1000; //energy consumed in 37 seconds in kWh E2=rev/m_c; //energy consumption registered by meter err=(E2-E1)/E1; err=err*100; //percentage error -disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %.2f %%",err)); +disp(sprintf("The percentage error is %f %%",err)); if(err<0) then disp("The negative sign indicates that the meter will run slow"); end diff --git a/1445/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/1445/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce index f43815de9..3e01b084b 100644 --- a/1445/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 6- MAGNETIC CIRCUITS //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 6"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); @@ -22,20 +23,20 @@ mu0=4*%pi*10^(-7);//absolute permeability in Henry/meters //solution (i) ar=l*l; //area of cross-section rA=lA/(mu0*murA*ar); -disp(sprintf("(i) Reluctance of part A is %.3E AT/Wb",rA)); +disp(sprintf("(i) Reluctance of part A is %E AT/Wb",rA)); lB=(AB-(l/2))+(BC-l)+(CD-(l/2)); rB=lB/(mu0*murB*ar); -disp(sprintf("Reluctance of part B is %.3E AT/Wb",rB)); +disp(sprintf("Reluctance of part B is %E AT/Wb",rB)); //solution (ii) lg=2*lg; murg=1; rg=lg/(mu0*murg*ar); -disp(sprintf("(ii) Reluctance of the two air gaps is %.3E AT/Wb",rg)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) Reluctance of the two air gaps is %E AT/Wb",rg)); //solution (iii) rT=rA+rB+rg; -disp(sprintf("(iii) Total reluctance is %.2E AT/Wb",rT)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) Total reluctance is %E AT/Wb",rT)); //solution (iv) mmf=N*I; @@ -43,12 +44,12 @@ disp(sprintf("(iv) MMF is %d AT",mmf)); //solution (v) totFlux=mmf/rT; -disp(sprintf("(v) Total flux is %.3E Wb",totFlux)); +disp(sprintf("(v) Total flux is %E Wb",totFlux)); //solution (vi) b=totFlux/ar; -disp(sprintf("(vi) Flux density is %.3f Wb/m^2",b)); +disp(sprintf("(vi) Flux density is %f Wb/m^2",b)); //Answers of (v) and (vi) do not match due to calculation mistake in the book diff --git a/1445/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/1445/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce index 983c61b58..9b68c932f 100644 --- a/1445/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 6- MAGNETIC CIRCUITS //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 6"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); @@ -21,26 +22,26 @@ disp(sprintf("(i) MMF is %d AT", mmf)); //solution (ii) netMMF=(mmf-(0.35*mmf)); //mmf taken by iron path is 35% of total mmf b=(mu0*netMMF)/lg; //phi=b*area, r=lg/(mu0*area) & mmf=phi*r => mmf=(b*lg)/mu0 => b=(mmf*mu0)/lg -disp(sprintf("(ii) The flux density of the air gap is %.3E Wb/m^2", b)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The flux density of the air gap is %E Wb/m^2", b)); //solution (iii) ar=%pi*((ds/2)^2); //area of cross-section of circular section phi=ar*b; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The magnetic flux is %.3E Wb",phi)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The magnetic flux is %E Wb",phi)); //solution (iv) rt=mmf/phi; -disp(sprintf("(iv) The total reluctance is %.4E AT/wb",rt)); +disp(sprintf("(iv) The total reluctance is %E AT/wb",rt)); //solution (v) rg=lg/(mu0*ar); //reluctance of air gap rs=rt-rg; //reluctance of steel lr=%pi*dr; //circumference of ring mur=lr/(mu0*rs*ar); -disp(sprintf("(v) The relative permeability of the steel ring is %3.3E",mur)); +disp(sprintf("(v) The relative permeability of the steel ring is %E",mur)); //solution (vi) -disp(sprintf("(vi) Reluctance of steel is %.2E AT/Wb",rs)); +disp(sprintf("(vi) Reluctance of steel is %E AT/Wb",rs)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/1445/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce index 906b2d0a8..7bcbc8c5c 100644 --- a/1445/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 6- MAGNETIC CIRCUITS //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 6"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); diff --git a/1445/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/1445/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce index 6ff7d2c9f..98bc14ab6 100644 --- a/1445/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 6- MAGNETIC CIRCUITS //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 6"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); @@ -25,15 +26,15 @@ disp(sprintf("(a) MMF is %d Gilberts",mmf)); //solution (b) //tot reluctance = iron reluctance + air gap reluctance(mur=1 for air) totR=(li/(area*mu0*mui))+(lg/(area*mu0*1)); -disp(sprintf("(b) The total reluctance is %.3E Gilberts/Maxwell",totR)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The total reluctance is %E Gilberts/Maxwell",totR)); //solution (c) phi=mmf/totR; -disp(sprintf("(c) The flux in the circuit is %.3f Maxwell",phi)); +disp(sprintf("(c) The flux in the circuit is %f Maxwell",phi)); //solution (d) b=phi/area; -disp(sprintf("(d) The flux density in the circuit is %.3f Gauss",b)); +disp(sprintf("(d) The flux density in the circuit is %f Gauss",b)); //Answers of (b), (c) & (d) are different because absolute permeability is not included in (b) diff --git a/1445/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/1445/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce index 7bde18a7f..08d26c59a 100644 --- a/1445/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 6- MAGNETIC CIRCUITS //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 6"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); @@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ disp(sprintf("MMF of cast steel is %d AT",ms)); totMMF=mg+mi+ms; I=totMMF/N; -disp(sprintf("Current through the coil is %.3f A",I)); +disp(sprintf("Current through the coil is %f A",I)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce index c88808117..791f47aab 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce index d9018d0ec..fda15a798 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce index df17e61c0..841adda2b 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce index 980b54bd2..0a800b41d 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce index 047444eca..929b8fa10 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 13 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 13"); //230/115 V single phase transformer diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce index 4f635a60b..2a600355d 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 14 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 14"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce index 62b09f20e..9487a0aeb 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 15 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 15"); //20kVA single phase transformer diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce index 99cf22818..568fb324f 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 16 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 16"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce index 7ae2f47e6..55029114b 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 17 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 17"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce index 5d9e22bf4..8d79f00b8 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 18 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 18"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce index 5673a8c80..a9796ab48 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 19 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 19"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce index df6d083dd..02d584db3 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); // diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce index 0c5f59379..040768ce1 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 20 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 20"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce index 7135f11c4..27090dac9 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 21 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 21"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce index 8262bd109..4b152a71c 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 22 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 22"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce index c794f2e98..9e0412b48 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 23 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 23"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce index 6a74149b1..76560fb9d 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 24 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 24"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce index acb81a060..27527af69 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 25 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 25"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.26/Ex7_26.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.26/Ex7_26.sce index 7fed48bc9..e523c979b 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.26/Ex7_26.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.26/Ex7_26.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 26 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 26"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.27/Ex7_27.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.27/Ex7_27.sce index b72abacee..5aebe882d 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.27/Ex7_27.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.27/Ex7_27.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 27 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 27"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.28/Ex7_28.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.28/Ex7_28.sce index 022c5502e..26f99bedb 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.28/Ex7_28.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.28/Ex7_28.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 28 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 28"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.29/Ex7_29.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.29/Ex7_29.sce index 5e8b2f759..d863e904f 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.29/Ex7_29.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.29/Ex7_29.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 29 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 29"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce index 870db87c8..27d3af3fc 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); // diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.30/Ex7_30.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.30/Ex7_30.sce index 7d78d4b84..ecc52cbac 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.30/Ex7_30.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.30/Ex7_30.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 30 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 30"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.31/Ex7_31.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.31/Ex7_31.sce index 0150a59be..7e4212e6d 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.31/Ex7_31.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.31/Ex7_31.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 31 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 31"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.32/Ex7_32.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.32/Ex7_32.sce index 05a91a7ea..0d6d9773e 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.32/Ex7_32.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.32/Ex7_32.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 32 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 32"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.33/Ex7_33.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.33/Ex7_33.sce index 35ea4a24d..756770ef5 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.33/Ex7_33.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.33/Ex7_33.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 33 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 33"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.34/Ex7_34.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.34/Ex7_34.sce index eaf48effe..aab171f49 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.34/Ex7_34.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.34/Ex7_34.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 35 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 35"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.35/Ex7_35.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.35/Ex7_35.sce index 1d5f68a38..4469bdb5e 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.35/Ex7_35.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.35/Ex7_35.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 36 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 36"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.36/Ex7_36.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.36/Ex7_36.sce index 860243a80..5a9744090 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.36/Ex7_36.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.36/Ex7_36.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 36 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 36"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.37/Ex7_37.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.37/Ex7_37.sce index b4d21103f..8dcea4ab0 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.37/Ex7_37.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.37/Ex7_37.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 37 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 37"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.38/Ex7_38.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.38/Ex7_38.sce index 080504a42..69bd2ea5e 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.38/Ex7_38.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.38/Ex7_38.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 38 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 38"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.39/Ex7_39.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.39/Ex7_39.sce index 0d9677643..c71d2d663 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.39/Ex7_39.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.39/Ex7_39.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 39 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 39"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce index 4f6586072..021dca99e 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.40/Ex7_40.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.40/Ex7_40.sce index a78c44b1d..433c7f64a 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.40/Ex7_40.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.40/Ex7_40.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 40 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 40"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.41/Ex7_41.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.41/Ex7_41.sce index ffab26d2c..6d25f575a 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.41/Ex7_41.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.41/Ex7_41.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 41 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 41"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce index cd6b7f3b3..a952fe8ad 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce index 2abcb8cf9..be29d322e 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce index e53aed921..9f4d96d15 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); diff --git a/1445/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/1445/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce index 4a53d3b70..a8312d582 100644 --- a/1445/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 7- SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 7"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce index 05b16b236..ed8d63fa5 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 1 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 1"); -//shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //terminal voltage in Volts I_l=500; //load current in Amperes @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ r_a=0.04; //armature resistance in Ohms r_f=50; //shunt field resistance in Ohms //SOLUTION -I_f=v_t/r_f; // current through the shunt field winding -I_a=I_l+I_f; //Armature Current +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a=I_l+I_f; E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); //E_a=emf of generator -disp(sprintf("The generated emf is %.1f V",E_a)); +disp(sprintf("The generated emf is %f V",E_a)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce index 0189c399a..4c286878c 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 10 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 10"); -//6 pole DC machine with 400 conductors //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION P=6; //number of poles I=80; //current per conductor in Amperes -Z=400; //total number of conductors +Z=400; //tottal number of conductors phi=0.020; //flux per pole in Wb N=1800; //in rpm @@ -18,39 +18,39 @@ N=1800; //in rpm disp("(a) For Wave connected"); //(i) -A=2; //A=number of parallel paths =2 for wave connected conductors +A=2; //A=number of parallel paths I_a=I*A; -disp(sprintf("(i) The total current is %.0f A",I_a)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The total current is %f A",I_a)); //(ii) E_a=(phi*Z*N*P)/(60*A); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf is %.0f V",E_a)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf is %f V",E_a)); //(iii) p=E_a*I_a; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The power developed in armature is %.3f kW",p/1000)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The power developed in armature is %f kW",p/1000)); w=(2*%pi*N)/60; T_e=p/w; -disp(sprintf("The electromagnetic torque is %.2f N-m",T_e)); +disp(sprintf("The electromagnetic torque is %f N-m",T_e)); //soluion (b): for lap connected disp("(b) For Lap connected"); //(i) -A=P; //P=6 is given +A=P; I_a=I*A; -disp(sprintf("(i) The total current is %.0f A",I_a)); +disp(sprintf("(i) The total current is %f A",I_a)); //(ii) -E_a=(phi*Z*N*P)/(60*A); // induced emf -disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf is %.0f V",E_a)); +E_a=(phi*Z*N*P)/(60*A); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The emf is %f V",E_a)); //(iii) -p=E_a*I_a; //power developed in armature -disp(sprintf("(iii) The power developed in armature is %.1f kW",p/1000)); -w=(2*%pi*N)/60; //armature rotation in RPS -T_e=p/w; //Torque -disp(sprintf("The electromagnetic torque is %.2f N-m",T_e)); +p=E_a*I_a; +disp(sprintf("(iii) The power developed in armature is %f kW",p/1000)); +w=(2*%pi*N)/60; +T_e=p/w; +disp(sprintf("The electromagnetic torque is %f N-m",T_e)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce index 839d676d0..09adc0d30 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 11 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 11"); -//20 kW compound generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p_o=20*1000; //output in W v_t=250; //in Volts @@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ r_sh=100; //shunt resistance in Ohms I_t=p_o/v_t; v_se=I_t*r_se; //for series winding v_sh=v_t+v_se; //for shunt winding -I_sh=v_sh/r_sh; //shunt curent -I_a=I_sh+I_t; //armature current -E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a)+v_se; //induced emf -disp(sprintf("The total emf generated is %.3f V",E_a)); +I_sh=v_sh/r_sh; +I_a=I_sh+I_t; +E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a)+v_se; +disp(sprintf("The total emf generated is %f V",E_a)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce index 364e96eaf..11e8f4315 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 12 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 12"); -//4 pole wave wound 750 RPM shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION P=4; //number of poles N=750; //in rpm @@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ r_l=10; //load resistance in Ohms A=2; //for wave winding //SOLUTION -E_a=(phi*Z*N*P)/(60*A); //induced emf -disp(sprintf("The induced emf is %.0f V",E_a)); +E_a=(phi*Z*N*P)/(60*A); +disp(sprintf("The induced emf is %f V",E_a)); // E_a=v+(I_a*r_a) but I_a=I_l+I_f and I_l=v/r_l, I_f=v/r_f =>I_a=(v/r_l) + (v/r_f) // =>E_a=v+(((v/r_l) + (v/r_f))*r_a) // taking v common, the following equation is obtained v=E_a/(1+(r_a/r_f)+(r_a/r_l)); -disp(sprintf("The terminal voltage of the machine is %.0f V",v)); +disp(sprintf("The terminal voltage of the machine is %f V",v)); //The answer is slightly different due to the precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce index 2e1e3d493..8512b6a9e 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 13 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 13"); -//4 pole shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION P=4; //number of poles v_t=220; //in Volts @@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ drop=1; //contact drop per brush //solution (i) A=P; //for lap winding I_f=v_t/r_f; //I_f is same as I_sh -I_a=I_l+I_f; //induced emf +I_a=I_l+I_f; I_c=I_a/A; //conductor current disp(sprintf("The current in each conductor of the armature is %d A",I_c)); //solution (ii) v_a=I_a*r_a; //armature voltage drop v_b=2*drop; //brush drop -emf=v_t+v_a+v_b; //total emf generated -disp(sprintf("The total emf generated is %.1f V",emf)); +emf=v_t+v_a+v_b; +disp(sprintf("The total emf generated is %f V",emf)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce index f5d54ad55..f058c8954 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 14 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 14"); -//shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=220; //in Volts I_l=196; //in Amperes @@ -13,20 +13,20 @@ r_f=55; //shunt field ressitance in Ohms eff=88/100; //efficiency //SOLUTION -p_o=v_t*I_l; //output power +p_o=v_t*I_l; p_i=p_o/eff; //electrical input tot_loss=p_i-p_o; -I_f=v_t/r_f; //field current -I_a=I_l+I_f; //armature current +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a=I_l+I_f; cu_loss=v_t*I_f; //shunt field copper loss c_loss=cu_loss+s_loss; //constant loss arm_loss=tot_loss-c_loss; //armature copper loss -r_a=arm_loss/(I_a^2); //armature resistance +r_a=arm_loss/(I_a^2); disp(sprintf("The armature resistance is %f Ω",r_a)); //for maximum efficiency, armature loss = constant loss =>(I_a^2)*r_a=c_loss I_a=sqrt(c_loss/r_a); -disp(sprintf("The load current corresponding to maximum efficiency is %.1f A",I_a)); +disp(sprintf("The load current corresponding to maximum efficiency is %f A",I_a)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce index f14132a94..e85f70db9 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.15/Ex8_15.sce @@ -1,25 +1,25 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 15 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 15"); -//230 V DC shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=230; //in Volts I_a1=3.33; //in Amperes N1=1000; //in rpm r_a=0.3; //armature resistance in Ohms r_f=160; //field resistance in Ohms -I_l=40; //line current in Amperes +I_l=40; //in Amperes phi1=1; //in Wb (phi=1 is an assumption) -phi2=(1-(4/100)); //in Wb (phi2=0.96 of phi1), as armature reaction reduces no load flux by 4% +phi2=(1-(4/100)); //in Wb (phi2=0.96 of phi1) //SOLUTION //At no load -E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); //counter emf -I_f=v_t/r_f; //field current +E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); +I_f=v_t/r_f; //At full load I_a2=I_l-I_f; diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce index 4ba0fd577..e21ca661a 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 16 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 16"); -//4 pole 250 V shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts P=4; //number of poles @@ -19,26 +19,25 @@ rot_loss=300; //rotational loss in Watts //SOLUTION //solution (i) -I_f=v_t/r_f; // field current -I_a=I_l-I_f; //armature current -E_a=v_t-(I_a*r_a); // induced emf -N=(E_a*A*60)/(phi*Z*P); //RPM -N=round(N); //to round off the value of N +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a=I_l-I_f; +E_a=v_t-(I_a*r_a); +N=(E_a*A*60)/(phi*Z*P); +N=round(N); //to round off the value of N disp(sprintf("(i) The speed is %d rpm",N)); -p_e=E_a*I_a; //electromagnetic power -w=(2*%pi*N)/60; //speed in RPS -T1=p_e/w; // Internal torque -disp(sprintf("The internal torque developed is %.3f N-m",T1)); +p_e=E_a*I_a; +w=(2*%pi*N)/60; +T1=p_e/w; +disp(sprintf("The internal torque developed is %f N-m",T1)); //solution (ii) -//shaft power -p_o=p_e-rot_loss; //power output -disp(sprintf("(ii)The shaft power is %.0f W",p_o)); -T2=p_o/w; //shaft torque -disp(sprintf("The shaft torque is %.2f N-m",T2)); -p_i=v_t*I_l; // power input -eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; //efficiency -disp(sprintf("The efficiency is %.2f %%",eff)); +p_o=p_e-rot_loss; +disp(sprintf("(ii)The shaft power is %f W",p_o)); +T2=p_o/w; +disp(sprintf("The shaft torque is %f N-m",T2)); +p_i=v_t*I_l; +eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; +disp(sprintf("The efficiency is %f %%",eff)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce index 6e4141500..0ca2818cc 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce @@ -1,58 +1,45 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 17 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 17"); -//200 V DC shunt motor of 1000 rpm //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=200; //in Volts -I_l=22; //line current in Amperes +I_l=22; //in Amperes N1=1000; //in rpm -r_a=0.1; //armature resistancein Ohms -r_f=100; //field resistance in Ohms -N2=800; //new speed in rpm +r_a=0.1; //in Ohms +r_f=100; //in Ohms +N2=800; //in rpm //SOLUTION //solution (i) -//load torque is independent of speed, the torque is constant at both speeds -//T dir prop phi1.Ia1 dir prop phi2.Ia2 -//Therefore we get -//phi1.Ia1=phi2.Ia2 (since phi1=phi2) -// or Ia1=Ia2 -I_f=v_t/r_f; // field current -I_a1=I_l-I_f; // armature current -E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); // counter emf +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a1=I_l-I_f; +E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); //on rearranging the equation E_a2:E_a1=N2:N1, where E_a2=v_t-I_a1*(r_a+r_s) and E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a), we get, r_s1=((v_t - ((N2*E_a1)/N1))/I_a1)-r_a; -disp(sprintf("(i) When the load torque is independent of speed, the additional resistance is %.2f Ω",r_s1)); +disp(sprintf("(i) When the load torque is independent of speed, the additional resistance is %f Ω",r_s1)); //solution (ii) -//Load torque Tl is proportional to N -//But electromagnetic torque Te=k.phi.Ia -//therefore, -//k.phi1.Ia1 dir prop N1 -//k.phi2.Ia2 dir prop n2 -//hence we get (as phi1=phi2) I_a2=(N2/N1)*I_a1; //on rearranging the equation E_a2:E_a1=N2:N1, where E_a2=v_t-I_a2*(r_a+r_s) and E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a), we get, r_s2=((v_t - ((N2*E_a1)/N1))/I_a2)-r_a; -disp(sprintf("(ii)When the load torque is proportional to speed, the additional resistance is %.1f Ω",r_s2)); +disp(sprintf("(ii)When the load torque is proportional to speed, the additional resistance is %f Ω",r_s2)); //solution (iii) -//The load Torque Tl dir prop N^2 dir prop phi.Ia I_a2=(N2^2/N1^2)*I_a1; //on rearranging the equation E_a2:E_a1=N2:N1, where E_a2=v_t-I_a2*(r_a+r_s) and E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a), we get, r_s3=((v_t - ((N2*E_a1)/N1))/I_a2)-r_a; -disp(sprintf("(iii)When the load torque varies as the square of speed, the additional resistance is %.2f Ω",r_s3)); +disp(sprintf("(iii)When the load torque varies as the square of speed, the additional resistance is %f Ω",r_s3)); //solution (iv) -//The load Torque Tl dir prop N^3 dir prop phi.Ia I_a2=(N2^3/N1^3)*I_a1; //on rearranging the equation E_a2:E_a1=N2:N1, where E_a2=v_t-I_a2*(r_a+r_s) and E_a1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a), we get, r_s4=((v_t - ((N2*E_a1)/N1))/I_a2)-r_a; -disp(sprintf("(iv)When the load torque varies as the cube of speed, the additional resistance is %.2f Ω",r_s4)); +disp(sprintf("(iv)When the load torque varies as the cube of speed, the additional resistance is %f Ω",r_s4)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce index 10b37b947..fb5a399e9 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.18/Ex8_18.sce @@ -1,27 +1,27 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 18 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 18"); -//460 V 10 HP motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=460; //in Volts p_o=10*736; //in Watts (1 metric H.P=735.5 W) ratio=85/100; //as given in the question -eff=84/100; // efficiency +eff=84/100; I_f=1.1; //in Amperes r_a=0.2; //in Ohms //SOLUTION -p_i=p_o/eff; //power input -I_l=p_i/v_t; //line current -I_a=I_l-I_f; // armature current -E1=v_t-(I_a*r_a); //back emf +p_i=p_o/eff; +I_l=p_i/v_t; +I_a=I_l-I_f; +E1=v_t-(I_a*r_a); E2=E1*ratio; //E2:E1=N2:N1=ratio v=v_t-E2; //voltage drop across r_a and r_s (r_s is the series resistance to be inserted) -r_s=(v/I_a)-r_a; // series resistance -disp(sprintf("The resistance required is %.2f Ω",r_s)); +r_s=(v/I_a)-r_a; +disp(sprintf("The resistance required is %f Ω",r_s)); //The answer is different because ratio equals 85/100 and not 75/100 diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce index a7376d7e8..7d0ae5ed0 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.19/Ex8_19.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 19 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 19"); -//250 V DC shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts r_a=0.5; //in Ohms @@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ I=21; //in Amperes r_s=250; //in Ohms //SOLUTION -//when torque is constant T dir prop phi.Ia = constant -//assuming field is unsaturated , therefore, -//If dir prop phi -//therefore, If1.Ia1=If2.Ia2 -I_f1=v_t/r_f; // +I_f1=v_t/r_f; I_f2=v_t/(r_f+r_s); I_a1=I-I_f1; // T is directly proportional to (Φ*I_a) @@ -32,6 +28,6 @@ E_b2=v_t-(I_a2*r_a); // =>E_b1:E_b2=(I_f1:I_f2)*(N1:N2) N2=(I_f1/I_f2)*(E_b2/E_b1)*N1; N2=round(N2); //to round off the value -disp(sprintf("The new speed of the motor is %.d rpm",N2)); +disp(sprintf("The new speed of the motor is %d rpm",N2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce index 0046becf5..199e2e038 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 2 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 2"); -// 230 V DC shunt machine //VARIABLE INITIALZATION v_t=230; //terminal voltage in Volts r_a=0.5; //armature resistance in Ohms @@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ I_l=40; //line current in Amperes //SOLUTION //for generator -I_f=v_t/r_f; //current through the shunt field winding -I_a=I_l+I_f; //Armature Current -E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); //E_a=emf of generator +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a=I_l+I_f; +E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); //here E_a=emf of generator //for motor I_f=v_t/r_f; I_a=I_l-I_f; -E_b=v_t-(I_a*r_a); //E_b=emf of motor -//ratio of speed as generator to speed as motor +E_b=v_t-(I_a*r_a); //here E_b=emf of motor + ratio=E_a/E_b; //E_a:E_b=(k_a*flux*N_g):(k_a*flux*N_m) =>E_a:E_b=N_g:N_m (as flux is constant) -disp(sprintf("The ratio of speed as a generator to the speed as a motor is %.3f",ratio)); +disp(sprintf("The ratio of speed as a generator to the speed as a motor i.e. N_g:N_m is %f",ratio)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce index a81f6f77c..f3dd44d86 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.20/Ex8_20.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 20 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 20"); -//250 V DC shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts I_a1=20; //in Amperes @@ -15,35 +15,11 @@ ratio=1.5; //N2:N1=1.5 phi1=1; //it is an assumption //SOLUTION -// equations have been renumbered differently than in the text book for better clarity -// Torque is constant -// T dir prop phi.Ia -// phi1.ia1=phi2.Ia2 (eq 1) -//similarly, E dir prop phi.N -//E1/E2 = phi1.n1/phi2.n2 E_1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a)-(2*drop); -//speed raised by 50%. new speed 1.5 times the old one i.e n2=1.5N1 -// -//E1/E2 = Phi1.N1/phi2.N2 (eq 2) -//from eq 2 -//=>E1/E2=Phi1/1.5.phi2 (substituting N2=1.5N1) (eq 3) -//=>phi2/phi1=E2/1.5.E1 (eq 4) -//from eq 1 -//phi2/ph1=Ia2/Ia2=20/Ia2 -------------------(eq 5) -//substituting value of phi2/phi1 in eq 4 we get -//20/Ia2=E2/1.5E1 -//=>E1/E2=Ia2/30 (eq 6) -//further we know that -//E2=V-Ia2.Ra -2.drop where V=v_t=250, ra=R_a=0.5 and drop=1 -//=>E2=(V-2.drop) -Ra.Ia2 (eq 7) -//substituting value of E2 in eq 6, we get -//E1/[(V-2.drop)-ra.Ia2] = Ia2/30 (eq 8) -// we get quadratic equation -//Setting in an quadratic equation of type a.X^2 + b.X + c = 0 -//The constants are as given below: -a=1; // coefficient of Ia2^2 -b=-496; //coefficient of Ia2, = (V-2.drop).Ra=(v_t-2.drop).R_a -c=14280; // constant = E_1*30 +//solving the quadratic equation directly, +a=1; +b=-496; +c=14280; D=b^2-(4*a*c); x1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a); x2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); @@ -54,6 +30,6 @@ I_a2=x2; end; phi2=(I_a1/I_a2)*phi1; phi=(1-phi2)*100; -disp(sprintf("The flux to be reduced is %.1f %% of the main flux",phi)); +disp(sprintf("The flux to be reduced is %f %% of the main flux",phi)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce index cd3275d33..c4e839f94 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.21/Ex8_21.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 21 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 21"); -//10kW 6 pole DC generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p_o=10*1000; //in Watts P=6; //number of poles @@ -16,25 +16,22 @@ l=0.25; //length of armature in m dia=0.2; //diameter of armature in m //SOLUTION + //solution (a) -//pole pitch is defined as the periphery of armature divided by the number of poles or the area of armature between two adjacent poles -//area of armature = 2.pi. dia of armature. length of armature -area=2*%pi*(dia/2)*l; //area of armature -phi=B*area; //flux density over one pitch pole= flux per pole/area of armature between poles -disp(sprintf("(a) The flux per pole is %.4f Wb",phi)); +area=2*%pi*(dia/2)*l; +phi=B*area; +disp(sprintf("(a) The flux per pole is %f Wb",phi)); //solution (b) -Z=(60*E_g)/(phi*N); // no of conductors in the armature - //induced emf = phi.Z.N.P/60.A - // = phi.Z.N/60 ( as A=P) +Z=(60*E_g)/(phi*N); disp(sprintf("(b) The total number of active conductors is %d",Z)); //solution (c) -I_a=50; // armature current -p=E_g*I_a; //power developed -w=(2*%pi*N)/60; //speed in RPS -T=p/w; //Torque -disp(sprintf("(c) The torque developed when armature current is 50 A is %.2f N-m",T)); +I_a=50; +p=E_g*I_a; +w=(2*%pi*N)/60; +T=p/w; +disp(sprintf("(c) The torque developed when armature current is 50 A is %f N-m",T)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce index 7a554a6c8..5adaef446 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.22/Ex8_22.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 22 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 22"); -//230 V 600 rpm shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION N1=600; //in rpm v=230; //in Volts @@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ drop=2; //brush drop in Volts //SOLUTION //solution (i) -I_l2=5; // no load current -I_a1=I_l1-(v/r_f); // armature current -E_b1=v-(I_a1*r_a)-drop; // back emf +I_l2=5; +I_a1=I_l1-(v/r_f); +E_b1=v-(I_a1*r_a)-drop; I_a2=I_l2-(v/r_f); E_b2=v-(I_a2*r_a)-drop; -N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*N1; // speed at no load +N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*N1; N2=round(N2); disp(sprintf("(i) The speed at no load is %d rpm",N2)); @@ -32,17 +32,16 @@ E_b2=(N2/N1)*E_b1; dif=v-drop; //difference I_a2=I_l2-(v/r_f); r_se=((dif-E_b2)/I_a2)-r_a; -disp(sprintf("(ii) The additional resistance is %.3f Ω",r_se)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The additional resistance is %f Ω",r_se)); //solution (iii) -//Eb1/Eb2 = phi2.N2/Phi1.N1 phi1=1; //it is an assumption I_a3=30; N2=750; E_b3=v-(I_a3*r_a)-drop; phi2=(E_b3/E_b1)*(N1/N2)*phi1; red=((1-phi2)*100*phi1)/phi1; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The percentage reduction of flux per pole is %.1f %%",red)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The percentage reduction of flux per pole is %f %%",red)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce index 0f93e5d8a..d2b3190a8 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.23/Ex8_23.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 23 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 23"); -//230 V DC shunt motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v=230; //in Volts r_a=0.4; //in Ohms @@ -14,23 +14,13 @@ N1=800; //in rpm N2=1000; //in rpm //SOLUTION -//Eb1/Eb2 = phi1.N1/phi2.N2 (eq 1) -//Eb=Vt - Ia.Ra (eq 2) -//=> (Vt-Ia1.Ra)/(Vt-Ia2.Ra) = phi1.N1/phi2.N2 (eq 3) -I_f1=v/r_f1; //redundant step -E_b1=v-(I_a*r_a); // back emf -//Since terminal voltage Vt is constant, if dir prop phi dir prop 1/r_f -//=> phi1/phi2 = r_f2/r_f1 (eq 4) [r_f2 = field resistance at 10000 rpm] - //[r_f1 = field resistance at 800 rpm] -//Load torque is constant, so T dir prop phi.Ia -//=> phi1.Ia1=phi2.Ia2 -//=> Ia2=(phi1/phi2). Ia1 (eq 5) -//putting the value of Ia2 in eq 3 and +I_f1=v/r_f1; +E_b1=v-(I_a*r_a); //rearranging the equation, we get, r_f2=((E_b1*N2)/((v*N1)-(N1*I_a*r_a)))*r_f1; r_f2_dash=r_f2-r_f1; -disp(sprintf("The external resistance is %.2f Ω",r_f2_dash));//text book answer is 29.93 ohm +disp(sprintf("The external resistance is %f Ω",r_f2_dash)); //The answer is slightly different due to the precision of floating point numbers -//END +//END
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce index e330f4a03..9d32d73c5 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.24/Ex8_24.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 24 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 24"); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.25/Ex8_25.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.25/Ex8_25.sce index a9088f41b..adf7f1898 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.25/Ex8_25.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.25/Ex8_25.sce @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 25 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 25"); -//24 slot 2 pole DC machine with 18 turns per coil + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION slot=24; //number of slots P=2; //number of poles @@ -15,28 +16,28 @@ rad=10/100; //radius in meters w=183.2; //angular velocity in rad/s //SOLUTION -A=2; // number of parallel paths +A=2; Z=slot*P*N; //total number of conductors -ar1=(2*%pi*rad*l)/P; // actual pole area +ar1=(2*%pi*rad*l)/P; ar2=ar1*0.8; //since the magnetic poles 80% of the armature periphery phi=B*ar2; //effective flux per pole //solution (a) E_a=(P*Z*phi*w)/(2*%pi*A); -disp(sprintf("(a) The induced emf is %.1f V",E_a)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The induced emf is %f V",E_a)); //solution (b) -coil=slot/P; //number of coils in each path = slots/path -E_coil=E_a/coil; //induced emf per coil -disp(sprintf("(b) The induced emf per coil is %.2f V",E_coil)); +coil=slot/P; //number of coils in each path +E_coil=E_a/coil; +disp(sprintf("(b) The induced emf per coil is %f V",E_coil)); //solution (c) -E_turn=E_coil/N; //emf induced per turn -disp(sprintf("(c) The induced emf per turn is %.2f V",E_turn)); +E_turn=E_coil/N; +disp(sprintf("(c) The induced emf per turn is %f V",E_turn)); //solution (d) -E_cond=E_turn/A; // emf induced per conductor -disp(sprintf("(d) The induced emf per conductor is %.3f V",E_cond)); +E_cond=E_turn/A; +disp(sprintf("(d) The induced emf per conductor is %f V",E_cond)); //The answers are slightly different due to the precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce index e6422663f..7dbf5ed65 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.27/Ex8_27.sce @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 27 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 27"); -//DC series motor, 200V DC motor + //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=200; //in volts r_a=0.06; //in Ohms @@ -14,13 +15,12 @@ p_i=20*1000; //in Watts //SOLUTION //solution (a) -//Il=Ia=Ise= Pinput/Vt -I_a=p_i/v_t; // armature current -E_b=v_t-I_a*(r_a+r_se); // back emf +I_a=p_i/v_t; +E_b=v_t-I_a*(r_a+r_se); disp(sprintf("(a) The counter emf of the motor is %d V",E_b)); //solution (b) -p_a=E_b*I_a; // power developed in armature +p_a=E_b*I_a; p_a=p_a/1000; //from W to kW disp(sprintf("(b) The power developed in the armature is %d kW",p_a)); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce index 8cc1c1c85..8c16f6f17 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.28/Ex8_28.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 28 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 28"); -//series generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION E_a=120; //in Volts r_se=0.03; //in Ohms @@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ r=0.25; //in Ohms I=300; //in Amperes //SOLUTION -v=I*(r_se+r_a+r); // voltage drop across Rse and ra and feeder +v=I*(r_se+r_a+r); disp(sprintf("The voltage drop across the three resistances is %d V",v)); -//hence the voltage between far end and bus bar is: v_t=v1+E_a-v; disp(sprintf("The voltage between far end and the bus bar is %d V",v_t)); disp(sprintf("The net increase of %d V may be beyond the desired limit",v_t-v1)); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce index 06477777a..c3d90c0d3 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.29/Ex8_29.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 29 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 29"); -//DC series motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r_a=1; //in Ohms N1=800; //in rpm @@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ I_a=15; //in Amperes r_s=5; //series resistance in Ohms //SOLUTION -E_b1=v_t-(I_a*r_a); // back emf +E_b1=v_t-(I_a*r_a); E_b2=v_t-I_a*(r_a+r_s); -N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*N1; //RPM +N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*N1; N2=round(N2); //to round off the value disp(sprintf("The speed attained after connecting the series resistance is %d rpm",N2)); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce index b08092d94..9793e5176 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 3 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 3"); -//10 kW 250 V DC shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p_o=10*1000; //output of generator in Watts v_t=250; //terminal voltage in Volts @@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ rot_loss=540; //rotational loss in Watts //SOLUTION //solution (i) -I_l=p_o/v_t; //line current -I_a=I_l+I_f; // armature current -E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); //E_a=emf of generator -disp(sprintf("(i) The armature induced emf is %.2f V",E_a)); +I_l=p_o/v_t; +I_a=I_l+I_f; +E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); +disp(sprintf("(i) The armature induced emf is %f V",E_a)); //solution (ii) w=(2*%pi*N)/60; //in radian/sec T_e=(E_a*I_a)/w; -disp(sprintf("(ii) The torque developed is %.2f N-m",T_e)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The torque developed is %f N-m",T_e)); //solution (iii) arm_loss=(I_a^2)*r_a; //armature loss @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fld_loss=v_t*I_f; //field loss tot_loss=rot_loss+arm_loss+fld_loss; p_i=p_o+tot_loss; eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; -disp(sprintf("(iii) The efficiency is %.3f %%",eff)); +disp(sprintf("(iii) The efficiency is %f %%",eff)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce index 782ad08af..caf18e709 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.30/Ex8_30.sce @@ -1,25 +1,20 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 30 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 30"); -//Series DC motor 5 HP with 100 rpm //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p=5*735.5; //in Watts (1 metric H.P.=735.5 W) -N=1000; //in rpm, given as 100 rpm but solved as 1000 rpm in the text book - //hence taken 1000 rpm +N=1000; //in rpm I=30; //in Amperes I_s=45; //starting current in Amperes //SOLUTION -T=(p*60)/(2*%pi*1000); // Torque -//Torque dir prop phi.Ia -//=> since phi dir prop Ia -//=> torque dir prop Ia^2 -// starting torque T_s / T = Starting current Ia ^2 / I^2 +T=(p*60)/(2*%pi*1000); T_s=(T*(I_s^2))/(I^2); -disp(sprintf("The starting torque is %.0f N-m",T_s)); +disp(sprintf("The starting torque is %f N-m",T_s)); //The answer is slightly different due to precision of floating point numbers diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.31/Ex8_31.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.31/Ex8_31.sce index 5e8349ca2..39123e25d 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.31/Ex8_31.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.31/Ex8_31.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 31 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 31"); -//series motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r_a=0.1; //combined resistance of armature & field resistance in Ohms v_t=230; //in Volts @@ -14,13 +14,6 @@ I_a2=200; //in Amperes ratio=1.2; //ratio of Φ2:Φ1=1.2 //SOLUTION -//Eb1 dir prop phi1.N1 -//Eb1=Vt-Ia1.Ra -//=> (Vt-Ia1.Ra) dir prop ph1.N1 -//and -//=> (Vt-Ia2.Ra) dir prop ph1.N2 -//=> (Vt-Ia1.Ra)/ (Vt-Ia1.Ra) = phi1.N1/phi2.N2 -//given Phi2=1.2 Phi1 as flux is increased by 20% E_b1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); //numerator of LHS according to the book E_b2=v_t-(I_a2*r_a); //denominator of LHS according to the book N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*(1/ratio)*N1; diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.32/Ex8_32.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.32/Ex8_32.sce index ff37b6767..957557827 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.32/Ex8_32.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.32/Ex8_32.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 32 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 32"); -//250 V series motor at 1000 rpm //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts I=20; //in Amperes @@ -15,36 +15,17 @@ r_a=0.2; //in Ohms //SOLUTION -r_se=P*r_p; // series field resistance +r_se=P*r_p; r_m=r_a+r_se; //resistance of motor -E_b1=v_t-(I*r_m); // back emf -//Torque t1 dir prop phi1.Ia -//=> since phi dir prop Ia -//=> torque dir prop Ia^2 -T1=I^2; // torque +E_b1=v_t-(I*r_m); +T1=I^2; //solution (a) -//10 ohm resistance in parallel with armature -//let I be input currnet then, drop in series field = r_a.I -//Voltage across the terminals = V = Vt-r_a.I -//=> current in 10 ohm resistance (=r) = (Vt-r_a.I)/r (eq 1) -// now, Armature current Ia -// Ia= I - (Vt-r_a.I)/r (eq 2) -//Torque developed t2 dir prop phi2.Ia -//=> since phi dir prop I -//=> torque dir prop I.Ia -//However, T2=T1, as torque developed in two cases is equal -//=> I.Ia = T1 -//substituting value of Ia from eq 2, we get -//I.(I - (Vt-r_a.I)/r) =T1 -//=>I. (I.r+r_a.I -Vt)/r = T1 -//=> (r+r_a).I^2 -Vt.I =T1.r -//=> (r+r_a).I^2 -Vt.I - T1.r =0 //solving the quadratic equation directly, r=10; //in Ohms -a=10.2; //(r+r_a). value 1.02 in text book, as it was divided by r=10 -b=-250; //Vt ; -25 in text book, as it was divided by r=10 -c=-4000; // T1.r; 400 in text book, as it was not multiplied by r=10 +a=1.02; +b=-25; +c=-400; D=b^2-(4*a*c); x1=(-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a); x2=(-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a); @@ -54,23 +35,14 @@ I1=x1; else (x1<0 & x2>0) I1=x2; end; -I_a=((10.2*I1)-v_t)/r; // armature current -E_b2=v_t-(I_a*r_a); // back emf +I_a=((10.2*I1)-v_t)/r; +E_b2=v_t-(I_a*r_a); N2=((E_b2/E_b1)*I*N1)/I1; N2=round(N2); //to round off the value disp(sprintf("(a) The speed with 10 Ω resistance in parallel with the armature is %d rpm",N2)); //solution (b) -//0.5 ohmic diverter resistance -//resistance in the field winding = 0.5/(0.5+r_a) -// since r_a=0.2,the value becomes 0.5/0.7 = 5/7 -//Torque T3 dir prop phi3.Ia -// => dir prop 5/7 . I. I. -//=> dir prop 5/7 I^2 -//since T3=T1 -//=> 5/7 I^2= T1 -//=> 5/7. I^2 - T1=0 -//solving the quadratic equation directly,with new values +//solving the quadratic equation directly, a=5/7; b=0; c=-400; @@ -83,7 +55,7 @@ I2=y1; else (y1<0 & y2>0) I2=y2; end; -E_b3=v_t-(I2*r_a); // back emf +E_b3=v_t-(I2*r_a); N3=((E_b3/E_b1)*I*N1)/(I2*a); N3=round(N3); //to round off the value disp(sprintf("(b) The speed with 0.5 Ω resistance in parallel with series field is %d rpm",N3)); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.33/Ex8_33.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.33/Ex8_33.sce index aaf8cdd40..9e16a1081 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.33/Ex8_33.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.33/Ex8_33.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 33 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 33"); -//230 V DC series motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=230; //in Volts N1=1500; //in rpm @@ -15,34 +15,17 @@ r_se=0.2; //series field resistance in Ohms //SOLUTION //solution (a) -//for series motors, phi dir prop Ia -// therefore, Te dir prop Ia^2 -// at starting Eb=0 and Vt= Ia1.(r_a+r_se+r_ext) -//rearranging for r_ext, we get -// r_ext = (Vt-Ia1.(r_a+r_se))/ Ia1 -E_b=0; //back emf at starting -nr1=v_t-I_a1*(r_a+r_se); //value of numerator in the expression for r_ext +E_b=0; //at starting +nr1=v_t-I_a1*(r_a+r_se); //value of numerator r_ext=nr1/I_a1; -disp(sprintf("(a) At starting, the resistance that must be added is %.0f Ω",r_ext)); +disp(sprintf("(a) At starting, the resistance that must be added is %f Ω",r_ext)); //solution (b) -//Ia2=Ia1=20 A -//as phi dir prop Ia, we get -//Eb2/Eb1 = phi2.n2/ phi1. N1 = Ia2.N2/Ia1.N1 -//=> Eb2/Eb1=N2/N1 as Ia2=Ia1 (eq 1) I_a2=I_a1; N2=1000; ratio=N2/N1; -// now, we know that Eb1=Vt-Ia1.(r_a+r_se) and -// Eb2 = Vt - Ia2.(r_a+r_se+r_ext) -//substituting values of Eb1 and Eb2 in eq 1 above, we get -//n2/n1 = (Vt - Ia2.(r_a+r_se+r_ext))/ (Vt-Ia1.(r_a+r_se)) -//since ia1=Ia2 (rated torque) -//we get -//r_ext = (N2/N1).(v_t-I_a1*(r_a+r_se))/Ia2 -(v_t-I_a2*(r_a+r_se))/Ia2 -// nr2=v_t-I_a2*(r_a+r_se); r_ext=((ratio*nr1)-nr2)/(-I_a2); -disp(sprintf("(b) At 1000 rpm, the resistance that must be added is %.3f Ω",r_ext)); +disp(sprintf("(b) At 1000 rpm, the resistance that must be added is %f Ω",r_ext)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.34/Ex8_34.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.34/Ex8_34.sce index 00c7d76f7..da2ba5873 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.34/Ex8_34.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.34/Ex8_34.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 34 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 34"); -//COMPOUND MACHINE //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r_a=0.06; //armature resistance in Ohms r_se=0.04; //series resistance in Ohms @@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ I_l=100; //in Amperes //SOLUTION //solution (a) -I_sh=v_t/r_sh; // shunt current -I_a=I_sh+I_l; // armature current -E_g=v_t+I_a*(r_a+r_se); // emf generated +I_sh=v_t/r_sh; +I_a=I_sh+I_l; +E_g=v_t+I_a*(r_a+r_se); disp("(a) When the machine is connected as long shunt compound generator-"); -disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %.2f V",I_a,E_g)); +disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %f V",I_a,E_g)); //solution (b) I_sh=(v_t/r_sh)+(I_l*r_se/r_sh); I_a=I_sh+I_l; E_g=v_t+(I_a*r_a)+(I_l*r_se); disp("(b) When the machine is connected as short shunt compound generator-"); -disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %.1f V",I_a,E_g)); +disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %f V",I_a,E_g)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.35/Ex8_35.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.35/Ex8_35.sce index fcf1b5461..4fd8470a8 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.35/Ex8_35.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.35/Ex8_35.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 35 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 35"); -//Exercise 34, motor working as DC motor //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION r_a=0.06; //armature resistance in Ohms r_se=0.04; //series resistance in Ohms @@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ I_l=100; //in Amperes //SOLUTION //solution (a) -I_sh=v_t/r_sh; // shunt current -I_a=I_l-I_sh; // armature current -E_g=v_t-I_a*(r_a+r_se); // generated emf +I_sh=v_t/r_sh; +I_a=I_l-I_sh; +E_g=v_t-I_a*(r_a+r_se); disp("(a) When the machine is connected as long shunt compound generator-"); -disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %.1f V",I_a,E_g)); +disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %f V",I_a,E_g)); //solution (b) I_sh=(v_t/r_sh)-(I_l*r_se/r_sh); I_a=I_l-I_sh; E_g=v_t-(I_a*r_a)-(I_l*r_se); disp("(b) When the machine is connected as short shunt compound generator-"); -disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %.2f V",I_a,E_g)); +disp(sprintf("The armature current is %f A and the total emf is %f V",I_a,E_g)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.36/Ex8_36.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.36/Ex8_36.sce index 6ea9e53b5..842d723de 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.36/Ex8_36.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.36/Ex8_36.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 36 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 36"); -//250 long shunt compound generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts I_l=150; //in Amperes @@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ r_ip=0.02; //interpole resistance in Ohms //SOLUTION //solution (a) -p_o=v_t*I_l; // power output -I_sh=v_t/r_sh; // shunt current -I_a=I_l+I_sh; // armature current -r_tot=r_b+r_se+r_ip; // total armature circuit resistance +p_o=v_t*I_l; +I_sh=v_t/r_sh; +I_a=I_l+I_sh; +r_tot=r_b+r_se+r_ip; arm_loss=(I_a^2)*r_tot; //armature circuit copper loss cu_loss=v_t*I_sh; //shunt field copper loss c_loss=cu_loss+loss1+loss2; //constant loss -disp(sprintf("(a) The constant loss is %.0f W",c_loss)); +disp(sprintf("(a) The constant loss is %f W",c_loss)); //solution (b) tot_loss=arm_loss+c_loss; //total loss -p_i=p_o+tot_loss; // power input -eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; // efficiency -disp(sprintf("(b) The full load efficiency is %.0f %%",eff)); +p_i=p_o+tot_loss; +eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; +disp(sprintf("(b) The full load efficiency is %f %%",eff)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.37/Ex8_37.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.37/Ex8_37.sce index 7cadef348..df3f4d6b1 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.37/Ex8_37.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.37/Ex8_37.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 37 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 37"); -//250 V DC machine //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p_o=50*1000; //in Watts v_t=250; //in Volts diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.38/Ex8_38.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.38/Ex8_38.sce index ce64d0ef1..15802d568 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.38/Ex8_38.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.38/Ex8_38.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 38 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 38"); -//215 V DC machine supplying 5kW at 1000 rpm //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=215; //in Volts r_a=0.4; //in Ohms @@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ ratio=1.1; //according to the solution, Φ_b:Φ_a=1.1 //SOLUTION //As generator -I_ag=p/v_t; // as generator induced current -E_a=v_t+(I_ag*r_a); // induced emf +I_ag=p/v_t; +E_a=v_t+(I_ag*r_a); //As motor -I_am=p/v_t; // current as motor -E_b=v_t-(I_am*r_a); // back emf -N_m=(1/ratio)*N_g*(E_b/E_a); // speed of machine +I_am=p/v_t; +E_b=v_t-(I_am*r_a); +N_m=(1/ratio)*N_g*(E_b/E_a); N_m=round(N_m); //to round off the value disp(sprintf("The speed of the machine as motor is %d rpm",N_m)); diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce index afdaa2c0a..fbcb1d1b4 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 4 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 4"); -//240 Volt Shunt Generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=240; //in Volts I_l=200; //full load current in Amperes @@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ s_loss=800; //stray(iron + friction) loss in Watts //solution (a) p_o=v_t*I_l; //output eff=eff/100; -p_i=p_o/eff; //input +p_i=p_o/eff; tot_loss=p_i-p_o; //since input=output+loss -I_f=v_t/r_f; //field current -I_a=I_l+I_f; //armature current +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_a=I_l+I_f; cu_loss=(I_f^2)*r_f; //copper loss c_loss=cu_loss+s_loss; //constant loss arm_loss=tot_loss-c_loss; //armature loss ((I_a^2)*r_a) -r_a=arm_loss/(I_a^2); //armature resistance -disp(sprintf("(a) The armature resisatnce is %.4f Ω",r_a)); +r_a=arm_loss/(I_a^2); +disp(sprintf("(a) The armature resisatnce is %f Ω",r_a)); //solution (b) //for maximum efficiency, armature loss = constant loss =>(I_a^2)*r_a=c_loss I_a=sqrt(c_loss/r_a); -disp(sprintf("(b) The load current corresponding to maximum efficiency is %.1f A",I_a)); +disp(sprintf("(b) The load current corresponding to maximum efficiency is %f A",I_a)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce index 52b22ec32..8ced4b2f2 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 5 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 5"); -//200 V shunt generator //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=200; //in Volts I_l=50; //in Amperes @@ -15,12 +15,10 @@ s_loss=500; //core and iron loss in Watts //SOLUTION //solution (a) -//Shunt field current, Armature current and induced emf -//I_sh is same as I_f and r_sh is same as r_f -I_f=v_t/r_f; //Field current -I_a=I_f+I_l; //armature current -E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); //Emf of generator -disp(sprintf("(a) The induced emf is %.1f V",E_a)); +I_f=v_t/r_f; //I_sh is same as I_f and r_sh is same as r_f +I_a=I_f+I_l; +E_a=v_t+(I_a*r_a); +disp(sprintf("(a) The induced emf is %f V",E_a)); //solution (b) arm_loss=(I_a^2)*r_a; //armature copper loss @@ -28,17 +26,15 @@ sh_loss=(I_f^2)*r_f; //shunt field copper loss tot_loss=arm_loss+sh_loss+s_loss; p_o=v_t*I_l; //output power p_i=p_o+tot_loss; //input power -bhp=p_i/735.5; //1 metric horsepower= 735.498 W -disp(sprintf("(b) The Break Horse Power(B.H.P.) of the prime mover is %.1f H.P.(metric)",bhp)); +bhp=p_i/735.5; //1 metric horsepower= 735.498W +disp(sprintf("(b) The Break Horse Power(B.H.P.) of the prime mover is %f H.P.(metric)",bhp)); //solution (c) -c_eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; //Commercial efficiency = Output/Input -p_EE=E_a*I_a; //electrical power developed -m_eff=(p_EE/p_i)*100; //Mechanical efficiency = electrical power/Input power -e_eff=(p_o/p_EE)*100; //Electrical efficiency = output power/electrical power -disp(sprintf("(c) The commercial efficiency is %.1f %%",c_eff)); -disp(sprintf("(c) The mechanical efficiency is %.1f %%",m_eff)); -disp(sprintf("(c) The electrical efficiency is %.1f %%",e_eff)); +c_eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; +p_EE=E_a*I_a; //electrical power +m_eff=(p_EE/p_i)*100; +e_eff=(p_o/p_EE)*100; +disp(sprintf("(c) The commercial efficiency is %f %%, the mechanical efficiency is %f %% and the electrical efficiency is %f %%",c_eff,m_eff,e_eff)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce index 67e4601b2..fc89b9145 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 6 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 6"); @@ -17,33 +18,33 @@ I_f=1.6; //field current in Amperes //SOLUTION //solution (i) -E_b=v_t-(I_a*r_a); //Back emf +E_b=v_t-(I_a*r_a); w=(2*%pi*N)/60; //in radian/sec -T_e=(E_b*I_a)/w; //electromagnetic torque -disp(sprintf("(i) The electromagnetic torque is %.0f N-m",T_e)); +T_e=(E_b*I_a)/w; +disp(sprintf("(i) The electromagnetic torque is %f N-m",T_e)); //solution (ii) A=P; //since it is lap winding, so A=P and A=number of parallel paths phi=(E_b*60*A)/(P*N*Z); -disp(sprintf("(ii) The flux per pole is %.3f Wb",phi)); +disp(sprintf("(ii) The flux per pole is %f Wb",phi)); //solution (iii) -//Rotational power= Power developed on rotor - Pshaft.(=Pout) p_rotor=E_b*I_a; //power developed on rotor p_rot=p_rotor-p_o; //p_shaft=p_out -disp(sprintf("(iii) The rotational power is %.4f W",p_rot)); //text book answer is 870 W +disp(sprintf("(iii) The rotational power is %f W",p_rot)); //solution (iv) tot_loss=p_rot+((I_a^2)*r_a)+(v_t*I_f); -p_i=p_o+tot_loss; //input power +p_i=p_o+tot_loss; eff=(p_o/p_i)*100; -disp(sprintf("(iv) The efficiency is %.2f %%",eff)); +disp(sprintf("(iv) The efficiency is %f %%",eff)); //solution (v) -T=p_o/w; //shaft torque -disp(sprintf("(v) The shaft torque is %.0f N-m",T)); +T=p_o/w; +disp(sprintf("(v) The shaft torque is %f N-m",T)); //The answers are slightly different due to the precision of floating point numbers + //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce index 20e434a5a..0362b4f8e 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 7 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 7"); -//Contnuation of the Example 6 -//shaft load/ load torque remains fixed, and field flux is reduced to 80% by using field rheostat //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION p_o=20*746; //output power from H.P. to Watts (1 H.P.=745.699 or 746 W) v_t=230; //in Volts @@ -18,8 +17,8 @@ I_f=1.6; //field current in Amperes ratio=0.8; //phi2:phi1=0.8 (here phi=flux) //SOLUTION -//Eb2/Eb1= phi2.W2/phi1.W1 = phi2.N2/phi1.N1 -E_b1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); // + +E_b1=v_t-(I_a1*r_a); I_a2=I_a1/ratio; //(phi2*I_a2)=(phi1*I_a1) E_b2=v_t-(I_a2*r_a); N2=(E_b2/E_b1)*(1/ratio)*N1; //N2:N1=(E_b2/E_b1)*(phi1/phi2) diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce index 0eb7a9dd1..a2b0b8dde 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 8 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 8"); -//250 V DC shunt machine //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION v_t=250; //in Volts r_a=0.1; //armature resistance in Ohms @@ -15,36 +15,31 @@ N_g=1000; //speed as generator in rpm //SOLUTION //machine as a generator -I_l=p_o/v_t; //load current -I_f=v_t/r_f; //field current, I_f is same as I_sh -I_ag=I_l+I_f; //Output current as generator +I_l=p_o/v_t; +I_f=v_t/r_f; //I_f is same as I_sh +I_ag=I_l+I_f; E_a=v_t+(I_ag*r_a); //induced emf = E_a = E_g //machine as a motor -I_l=p_o/v_t; //full load current -I_f=v_t/r_f; -I_am=I_l-I_f; //output current as motor -E_b=v_t-(I_am*r_a); //back emf = E_b = E_m +I_l=p_o/v_t; +I_f=v_t/r_f; +I_am=I_l-I_f; +E_b=v_t-(I_am*r_a); //back emf = E_b = E_m //solution (a) -N_m=(N_g*E_b)/E_a; //Speed of motor in RPM +N_m=(N_g*E_b)/E_a; N_m=round(N_m); //to round off the value of N_m disp(sprintf("(a) The speed of the same machine as a motor is %d rpm",N_m)); //solution (b) -//internal power developed as generator + //(i) -//total power developed in the armature -//=Eg.Iag -p_g=(E_a*I_ag)/1000; //to express the answer in kW divide by 1000 -disp(sprintf("(b) (i) The internal power developed as generator is %.1f kW",p_g)); +p1=(E_a*I_ag)/1000; //to express the answer in kW +disp(sprintf("(b) (i) The internal power developed as generator is %f kW",p1)); //(ii) -//internal power developed as motor -// is total power developed in armature -//=Em.Iam -p_m=(E_b*I_am)/1000; -disp(sprintf("(b) (ii) The internal power developed as motor is %.1f kW",p_m)); +p2=(E_b*I_am)/1000; +disp(sprintf("(b) (ii) The internal power developed as motor is %f kW",p2)); //END diff --git a/1445/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/1445/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce index fa24acd41..e518f9827 100644 --- a/1445/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce +++ b/1445/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ //CHAPTER 8- DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES //Example 9 +clc; disp("CHAPTER 8"); disp("EXAMPLE 9"); -//4 Pole 230 V lap wound shunt motor with 600 conductors. RPM 1800 //VARIABLE INITIALIZATION P=4; //number of poles v_t=230; //in Volts @@ -16,14 +16,13 @@ l=20/100; //effective length of pole B=4100/10000; //flux density from Gauss to Wb/m^2 //SOLUTION - I_f=v_t/r_f; //I_f is same as I_sh -I_a=I_l-I_f; // armature current +I_a=I_l-I_f; ar=(%pi*d*l)/P; //area of pole phi=ar*B; //phi = flux -A=P; //for lap winding -T=(phi*Z*I_a)/(2*%pi*A); //Torque developed -disp(sprintf("The torque developed in the motor is %.4f N-m",T)); +A=P; +T=(phi*Z*I_a)/(2*%pi*A); +disp(sprintf("The torque developed in the motor is %f N-m",T)); //The answer is different as 'A' has not been included in the denominator(in the book) |