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-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce28
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce26
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt7
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce28
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt8
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce24
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce27
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce28
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce21
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.txt11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce30
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce50
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt21
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce50
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce28
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce23
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce23
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce23
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce20
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce26
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce26
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce23
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce28
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce29
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce20
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce17
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce10
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce24
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.txt7
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce25
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt9
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt5
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce32
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce34
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt6
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce14
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce10
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce8
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce13
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce13
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce17
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce15
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce10
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce11
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce40
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce16
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce17
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce29
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce19
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.txt8
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce18
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce10
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt4
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce9
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce9
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt3
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce12
-rwxr-xr-x3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt3
142 files changed, 1731 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10d3cdb8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+h=15 // Height of spur in cm
+l= 50 // Length of cast in cm
+w= 25 // weidth of cast in cm
+h1= 15 // Height of cast in cm
+g= 981 // Acceleration due to gravity in cm/sec^2
+Ag= 5 // Cross sectional area of the grate in cm^2
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 46
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.1 # \n")
+v3= sqrt(2* g * h)
+V = l*w*h1
+tf1= V/(Ag*v3)
+Am = l*w
+tf2 = (Am/Ag)*(1/sqrt(2*g))*2*(sqrt(h) - sqrt(h-h1))
+printf("\n Filling time for first design = %f sec, \n Filling time for second design = %f sec", tf1, tf2)
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.txt b/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44e364a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX1.1/Ex2_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# PROBLEM 2.1 #
+
+ Filling time for first design = 21.859294 sec,
+ Filling time for second design = 43.718589 sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b9a127c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+h=15 // Height of spur in cm
+l= 50 // Length of cast in cm
+w= 25 // weidth of cast in cm
+h1= 15 // Height of cast in cm
+g= 981 // Acceleration due to gravity in cm/sec^2
+Ag= 5 // Cross sectional area of the grate in cm^2
+Dm = 7800 // Density of molten Fe in Kg/m^3
+Neta = 0.00496 // Kinetic viscosity in Kg/m-sec
+theta = 90 // Angle in degree
+Eq = 25 // (L/D) Equivalent
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 53
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.2 # \n")
+v3= sqrt(2* g * h)*(10^(-2))
+d= sqrt((Ag*4)/(%pi))*(10^(-2))
+Re = Dm*v3*d/Neta
+f = 0.0791*(Re)^(-1/4)
+L=0.12 // in meter
+Cd= (1+0.45+4*f*((L/d)+Eq))^(-1/2)
+v3_ = Cd*v3
+Re_ = (v3_/v3)*(Re)
+f_ = 0.0791 *(Re_)^(-1/4)
+Cd_ = (1+0.46+4*f_*(L/d + Eq))^(-1/2)
+v3__ = Cd_*v3
+V = l*w*h1
+tf= (V/(Ag*v3__))*(10^-2)
+printf("\n Filling time for first design = %f sec. ", tf)
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d6ed53e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.2 #
+
+ Filling time for first design = 31.653919 sec. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd7509e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+Hi=1.2 // Initial height in m
+H= 0.05 // Height in m
+g= 9.81 // Acceleration due to gravity in m/sec^2
+Dm = 2700 // Density of molten metal in Kg/m^3
+Neta = 0.00273 // Kinetic viscosity in Kg/m-sec
+d= 0.075 // Diameter in m
+D = 1 // Internal diameter of ladle in m
+// Sample Problem on page no. 56
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.3 # \n")
+v3= sqrt(2* g * Hi)
+Re = Dm*v3*d/Neta
+ef=0.075
+Cd= (1+ef)^(-1/2)
+ef_=0.82
+Re_ = (2+ef_)^(-1/2)
+v3_ = sqrt(2*g*H)
+Re_ = Dm*v3_*d/Neta
+At = (%pi/4)*D^2
+An = (%pi/4)*d^2
+Cd= 0.96
+tf= (sqrt(2/g))*(At/An)*(1/Cd)*sqrt(Hi)
+m = Dm*An*Cd*sqrt(2*g*Hi)
+m_ = Dm*An*Cd*sqrt(2*g*Hi*0.25)
+printf("\n Time required to empty the ladle = %f sec, \n Discharge rate are - \n Initially = %f Kg/sec \n When the ladle is 75 percent empty = %f Kg/sec. ",tf,m,m_)
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38d8a3065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.3 #
+
+ Time required to empty the ladle = 91.596179 sec,
+ Discharge rate are -
+ Initially = 55.563236 Kg/sec
+ When the ladle is 75 percent empty = 27.781618 Kg/sec.
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7081419b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+thetaF= 1540 // Temperature of mould face in degree centigrade
+Theta0 = 28 // Initial temperature of mould in Degree centigrade
+L= 272e3 // Latent heat of liquid metal in J/Kg
+Dm = 7850 // Density of liquid metal in Kg/m^3
+c = 1.17e+3 //Specific heat of sand in J/Kg-K
+k = 0.8655 // Conductivity of sand in W/m-K
+D= 1600 // Density of sand in Kg/m^3
+h = 0.1 // Height in m
+b = 10 // Thickness of slab in cm
+r =h/2// V/A in meter
+// Sample Problem 5 on page no. 66
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.5 # \n")
+lambda = (thetaF - Theta0)*(D*c)/(Dm*L)
+Beta1 = 2*lambda/sqrt(%pi)
+Alpha = k /(D*c)
+ts1 = r^2 /((Beta1^2)*Alpha)//In sec
+ts1_=ts1/3600 // In hour
+Beta= poly(0,"Beta");
+p=Beta^2 - lambda*(2/sqrt(%pi))*Beta -lambda/3
+Beta2 = roots(p)
+printf(" The value of Beta2 is %f, ",Beta2)
+printf("\n We only take the positive value of Beta2 , \n Hence Beta2=1.75")
+r1 = r/3
+ts2 = (r1^2)/((1.75^2)*Alpha) // in sec
+ts2_=ts2/3600//in Hour
+printf("\n\n Solidification time for slab-shaped casting = %f hr,\n Solidification time for sphere = %f hr", ts1_,ts2_)
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa46acfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.5 #
+ The value of Beta2 is 1.748516, The value of Beta2 is -0.252713,
+ We only take the positive value of Beta2 ,
+ Hence Beta2=1.75
+
+ Solidification time for slab-shaped casting = 0.671318 hr,
+ Solidification time for sphere = 0.054495 hr \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16eafd4d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+thetaF= 1540 // Temperature of mould face in degree centigrate
+ThetaO = 28 // Initial temperature of mould in Degree centigrate
+L= 272e3 // Latent heat of iron in J/Kg
+Dm = 7850 // Density of iron in Kg/m^3
+Cs = 0.67e+3 //Specific heat of iron in J/Kg-K
+C = 0.376e3 //Specific heat of copper in J/Kg-K
+Ks = 83 // Conductivity of iron in W/m-K
+K = 398 // Conductivity of copper in W/m-K
+D= 8960 // Density of copper in Kg/m^3
+h = .1 // Height in m
+// Sample Problem 6 on page no. 73
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.6 # \n")
+zeta1=0.98//By solving eqauation- zeta*exp(zeta^2)*erf(zeta)=((thetaF-thetaO)*Cs)/(sqrt(pi)*L), zeta = 0.98
+AlphaS = Ks /(Dm*Cs)
+ts1 = h^2 / (16*(zeta1^2) * AlphaS)//In sec
+ts1_=ts1/3600 // In hour
+Phi = sqrt((Ks*Dm*Cs)/(K*D*C))
+zeta2=0.815//By solving eqauation- zeta*exp(zeta^2)*(erf(zeta)+Phi)=((thetaF-thetaO)*Cs)/(sqrt(pi)*L), zeta = 0.815
+ts2 = h^2 / (16*(zeta2^2) * AlphaS)//In sec
+ts2_=ts2/3600 // In hour
+thetaS= (thetaF-(L*(sqrt(%pi))*zeta2*(exp(zeta2^2))*erf(zeta2))/Cs)
+printf("\n Solidification time for slab-shaped casting when the casting is done in a water cooled copper mould = %f hr,\n Solidification time for slab-shaped casting when the casting is done in a very thick copper mould = %f hr,\n The surface temperature of the mould = %f° C", ts1_,ts2_,thetaS)
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a8128a8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.6 #
+
+ Solidification time for slab-shaped casting when the casting is done in a water cooled copper mould = 0.011455 hr,
+ Solidification time for slab-shaped casting when the casting is done in a very thick copper mould = 0.016563 hr,
+ The surface temperature of the mould = 684.364285° C \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6262bde83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+thetaF= 1540 // Temperature of mould face in degree centigrade
+thetaO = 28 // Initial temperature of mould in Degree centigrade
+L= 272e3 // Latent heat of iron in J/Kg
+Dm = 7850 // Density of iron in Kg/m^3
+Cs = 0.67e+3 //Specific heat of iron in J/Kg-K
+C = 0.376e3 //Specific heat of copper in J/Kg-K
+Ks = 83 // Conductivity of iron in W/m-K
+K = 398 // Conductivity of copper in W/m-K
+D= 8960 // Density of copper in Kg/m^3
+h = .1 // Height in m
+hF = 1420 // Total heat transfer coefficient across the casting-mould interface in W/m^2-°C
+// Sample Problem 7 on page no. 75
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.7 # \n")
+AlphaS = K /(D*C)
+thetaS = 982 //In °C as in example 2.6
+h1= (1+(sqrt((Ks*Dm*Cs)/(K*D*C))))*hF
+a = 1/2 + (sqrt((1/4)+Cs*(thetaF-thetaS)/(3*L)))
+delta=h/2
+ts = (delta+((h1*delta^2)/(2*Ks)))/((h1*(thetaF-thetaS))/(Dm*L*a)) // in sec
+ts_ = ts/3600 // in hours
+h2= (1+(sqrt((K*D*C)/(Ks*Dm*Cs))))*hF
+gama= ((h2^2)/(K^2))*AlphaS*ts
+thetaS_ = thetaO + (thetaS-thetaO)*(1-((exp(gama))*(1-(erf(sqrt(gama))))))
+printf("\n Solidification time = %f hr,\n The surface temperature of the mould = %f ° C", ts_,thetaS_)
+// The value of the surface temperature of the mould in the book is given as 658.1° C, Which is wrong.
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4194a318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 2.7 #
+
+ Solidification time = 0.053443 hr,
+ The surface temperature of the mould = 672.151154 ° C \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f7d45ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+A= 60*7.5 // Cross sectional area in cm^2
+v=0.05 // Withdrawal rate in m/sec
+t = 0.0125 // Thickness in m
+thetaF= 1500 // Temperature of mould face in degree centigrate
+thetaP = 1550 //
+thetaO = 20 // Initial temperature of mould in Degree centigrate
+L= 268e3 // Latent heat of molten metal in J/Kg
+Dm = 7680 // Density of molten metal in Kg/m^3
+Cs = 0.67e+3 //Specific heat of molten metal in J/Kg-K
+Cm = 0.755e3 //Specific heat of mould in J/Kg-K
+Ks = 76 // Conductivity of molten metal in W/m-K
+hF = 1420 // Heat transfer coefficient at the casting-mould interface in W/m^2-°C
+Dtheta = 10 // Maximum temperature of cooling water in ° C
+// Sample Problem 8 on page no. 77
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.8 # \n")
+L_ = L+Cm*(thetaP-thetaF)
+x=L_ / (Cs*(thetaF-thetaO))
+y= hF*t/Ks
+printf(" L_/(Cs(thetaF-thetaO))=%f,\n hF*t/Ks=%f",x,y)
+z=0.11 // Where z=hF^2 * lm / (v*Ks*Dm*Cs)
+lm= (z*v*Ks*Dm*Cs)/(hF^2)
+Z=0.28 // Where Z=Q/(lm*(thetaF-thetaO)*sqrt(lm*v*Dm*Cs*Ks))
+Q = Z*lm*(thetaF-thetaO)*sqrt(lm*v*Dm*Cs*Ks)
+m = Q / (4.2e3*Dtheta)
+printf("\n The mould length = %f meter,\n The cooling water requirement = %f Kg/sec", lm,m)
+// Answer for The cooling water requirement in the book is given as 5.05 Kg/sec, Which is wrong.
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e1c496ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.8 #
+ L_/(Cs(thetaF-thetaO))=0.308340,
+ hF*t/Ks=0.233553
+ The mould length = 1.066684 meter,
+ The cooling water requirement = 48.065525 Kg/sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9639576d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+a = 15 // Side of the aluminium cube in cm
+Sh = 0.065 // Volume shrinkage of aluminium during solidification
+// Sample Problem 9 on page no. 81
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 2.9 # \n")
+Vc = a^3
+Vr = 3*Sh*Vc
+h = ((4*Vr)/%pi)^(1/3)
+Rr = 6/h // Where Rr= (A/V)r
+Rc = 6/a // Where Rc = (A/V)c
+printf("(A/V)r=%f, (A/V)c=%f\n Hence Rr is greater than Rc",Rr,Rc)
+dmin = 6/Rc
+Vr_ = (%pi/4)*dmin^3
+printf("\n With minimum value of d Vr=%d cm^3 .\n This valume is much more than the minimum Vr necessary. \nLet us now consider the top riser when the optimum cylindrical shape is obtained with h=d/2 \nand again (A/V)r = 6/d. However, with a large top riser,\n the cube loses its top surface for the purpose of heat dissipation.",Vr_)
+Rc_ = 5/a
+dmin_=6/Rc_
+printf("\n d should be greater than or equal to %d cm",dmin_)
+Vr__ = (%pi/4)*dmin_^2 *floor(h)
+printf("\n The riser volume with minimum diameter is %d cm^3",Vr__)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.txt b/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5262e1e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 2.9 #
+(A/V)r=0.636422, (A/V)c=0.400000
+ Hence Rr is greater than Rc
+ With minimum value of d Vr=2650 cm^3 .
+ This valume is much more than the minimum Vr necessary.
+Let us now consider the top riser when the optimum cylindrical shape is obtained with h=d/2
+and again (A/V)r = 6/d. However, with a large top riser,
+ the cube loses its top surface for the purpose of heat dissipation.
+ d should be greater than or equal to 18 cm
+ The riser volume with minimum diameter is 2290 cm^3 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eadcb5ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+A = 150*6 // Cross-section of strips in mm^2
+ti = 6 // Thickness in mm
+pA = 0.20 // Reduction in area
+d = 400 // Diameter of steel rolls in mm
+Ys = 0.35// Shear Yield stress of the material before rolling in KN/mm^2
+Ys_ = 0.4// Shear Yield stress of the material after rolling in KN/mm^2
+mu = 0.1 // Cofficient of friction
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 112
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.1 # \n")
+tf =0.8*ti
+Ys_a = (Ys + Ys_)/2
+r=d/2
+thetaI = sqrt((ti-tf)/r)
+lambdaI=2*sqrt(r/tf)*atan(thetaI *sqrt(r/tf))
+lambdaN = (1/2)*((1/mu)*(log(tf/ti)) + lambdaI)
+thetaN =(sqrt(tf/r))*(tan((lambdaN/2)*(sqrt(tf/r))))
+printf("\n The final srip thickness is %f mm, \n The avg shear yield stress during the process is %f KN/mm^2, \n The angle subtended by the deformation zone at the roll centre is %f rad, \n The location of neutral point is %f rad.",tf,Ys_a,thetaI,thetaN)
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac4331849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.1 #
+
+ The final srip thickness is 4.800000 mm,
+ The avg shear yield stress during the process is 0.375000 KN/mm^2,
+ The angle subtended by the deformation zone at the roll centre is 0.077460 rad,
+ The location of neutral point is 0.022685 rad. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a66d7c1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+L_ = 20 // Length of the mild steel product in mm
+h = 50 // Height of the mild steel product in mm
+L = 50 // Horizontal length of the mild steel product in mm
+t = 5 // Thickness in mm
+l=25 // Length of the bend in mm
+E = 207 // Modulus of elasticity in kN/mm^2
+n = 517 // Strain hardening rate in N/mm^2
+Y = 345 // Yield stress in N/mm^2
+mu = 0.1// Cofficient of friction
+e = 0.2 // Fracture strain
+theta = 20 // Bend angle in degree
+F = 3000 // Maximum available force in N
+// Sample Problem 10 on page no. 136
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.10 # \n")
+Rp = ((1 /((exp(e) - 1)))-0.82)*t/1.82
+Y_1 = Y+n*e
+Y_2 = Y + n*(log(1+(1/(2.22*(Rp/t)+1))))
+M = ((0.55*t)^2)*((Y/6)+(Y_1/3)) + ((0.45*t)^2)*((Y/6)+(Y_2/3))
+Fmax = (M/l)*(1+(cosd((atand(mu))+mu*sind(atand(mu)))))
+Fmax_ = L_*Fmax
+lmin = Fmax_*l/F
+Ls = 2*(((Rp+0.45*t)*%pi/4) + 50-(Rp+t))
+lmax = Ls / 2
+Fmax_min = Fmax_*l/lmax
+printf("\n Minimum value of die length = %f mm, \n Minimum required capacity of the machine = %d N",lmin,ceil(Fmax_min))
+// Answer in the book is give as 2323 N for Minimum required capacity of the machine
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0aa9e6ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 3.10 #
+
+ Minimum value of die length = 34.367396 mm,
+ Minimum required capacity of the machine = 2313 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b18113b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d = 50 // Diameter of the billet in mm
+L =75 // Length of the billet in mm
+D = 10 // Final diameter of billet in mm
+Y = 170 // Avg tensile yield stress for aluminium in N/mm^2
+mu = 0.15 // Cofficient of the friction
+// Sample Problem 11 on page no. 141
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.11 # \n")
+l = L - ((d-D)/2)*cotd(45)
+phi = 1+mu
+Y_x = Y*(phi/(phi-1))*(((d/D)^(2*(phi-1)))-1)
+F = (%pi/4)*(d^2)*Y_x + (%pi/sqrt(3))*(d*l*Y)
+Pf = %pi*Y*(d^2)*((phi/(2*mu))*(((d/D)^(2*mu))-1)-log(d/D)) + (%pi/sqrt(3))*Y*d*l
+Loss_f = (Pf/F)*100
+Y_X = Y*4.31*log(d/D)
+F_ = (%pi/4)*(d^2)*Y_X + (%pi/sqrt(3))*(d*l*Y)
+Pf_1 = (%pi/sqrt(3))*Y*(d^2)*(log(d/D))
+Pf_2 = (%pi/sqrt(3))*(d*l*Y)
+Pf_ = Pf_1+Pf_2
+Loss_f_ = (Pf_/F_)*100
+printf("\n Maximum force required for extruding the cylindrical aluminium billet = %d N, \n Percent of the total power input will be lost in friction at the start of the operation = %f percent. ",F,Loss_f_)
+// Answer in the book given as 2436444 N for max force required for extruding the cylindrical aluminium billet
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..18883bd67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.11 #
+
+ Maximum force required for extruding the cylindrical aluminium billet = 2436266 N,
+ Percent of the total power input will be lost in friction at the start of the operation = 66.024761 percent. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d8acf773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d = 50 // Diameter of the steel sheet in mm
+t = 3 // Thickness of the steel sheet in mm
+e = 1.75 // True fracture strain
+Y = 2.1e3 // True fracture stress for the material in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 12 on page no. 149
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.12 # \n")
+C_0 = (t/(1.36*exp(e)))*((2*exp(e))-1)/((2.3*exp(e))-1)
+p = t*(1/2.45)*((1.9*exp(e))-1)/((2.56*exp(e))-1)
+F = Y*C_0*%pi*d
+W = (1/2)*(F)*(p)*(10^-3)
+printf("\n The proper clearance between die and punch = %f mm, \n Maximum punching force = %f N, \n Energy required to punch the hole = %f J",C_0,F/1000,W)
+// Answer in the book given as 45.74 J for energy required to punch the hole
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43b4179b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.12 #
+
+ The proper clearance between die and punch = 0.329240 mm,
+ Maximum punching force = 108.605364 N,
+ Energy required to punch the hole = 48.101933 J \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7500232e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+A = 150*6 // Cross-section of strips in mm^2
+w = 150 // Width of the strip in mm
+ti = 6 // Thickness in mm
+pA = 0.20 // Reduction in area
+d = 400 // Diameter of steel rolls in mm
+Ys = 0.35// Shear Yield stress of the material before rolling in KN/mm^2
+Ys_ = 0.4// Shear Yield stress of the material after rolling in KN/mm^2
+mu = 0.1 // Cofficient of friction
+v = 30 // Speed of rolling in m/min
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 113
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.2 # \n")
+tf =0.8*ti
+Ys_a = (Ys + Ys_)/2
+r=d/2
+thetaI = sqrt((ti-tf)/r)
+lambdaI=2*sqrt(r/tf)*atan(thetaI *sqrt(r/tf))
+lambdaN = (1/2)*((1/mu)*(log(tf/ti)) + lambdaI)
+thetaN =(sqrt(tf/r))*(tan((lambdaN/2)*(sqrt(tf/r))))
+Dtheta_a = thetaN/4
+Dtheta_b = (thetaI- thetaN)/8
+printf("The values of P_after are\n")
+i = 0
+for i = 0:4
+ theta = i*Dtheta_a
+ y = (1/2)* (tf+r*theta^2)
+ lambda = 2*sqrt(r/tf)*atand(theta*(%pi/180) *sqrt(r/tf))
+ p_a = 2*Ys_a*(2*y/tf)*(exp(mu*lambda))
+ printf("%f \n",p_a)
+end
+I1 = (Dtheta_a/3) *(0.75+.925+4*(.788+.876)+2*.830)// By Simpson's rule
+printf("The values of P_before are\n")
+for i = 0:8
+ theta1 = i*Dtheta_b + thetaN
+ y = (1/2)* (tf+r*theta1^2)
+ lambda = 2*sqrt(r/tf)*atand(theta1*(%pi/180) *sqrt(r/tf))
+ p_b = 2*Ys_a*(2*y/ti)*(exp(mu*(lambdaI-lambda)))
+ printf(" %f \n",p_b)
+end
+I2 = (Dtheta_b/3)*(0.925+.75+4*(.887+.828+.786+.759) + 2*(.855+.804+.772))//By Simpson's rule
+F = r*(I1 + I2)
+F_ = F*w
+T = (r^2)*mu*(I2-I1)
+T_ =T*w
+W = v*(1000/60)/r
+P = 2*T_*W
+printf("\n The roll separating force = %d kN,\n The power required in the rolling process = %f kW",ceil(F_),P/1000)
+// Answer in the book for the power required in the rolling process is given as 75.6 kW
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dc85fe62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 3.2 #
+The values of P_after are
+0.750000
+0.787351
+0.828770
+0.874670
+0.925500
+The values of P_before are
+ 0.923035
+ 0.884560
+ 0.850663
+ 0.820780
+ 0.794406
+ 0.771086
+ 0.750418
+ 0.732039
+ 0.715627
+
+ The roll separating force = 1908 kN,
+ The power required in the rolling process = 77.376678 kW \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fbb8cb052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+A = 150*6 // Cross-section of strips in mm^2
+w = 150 // Width of the strip in mm
+ti = 6 // Thickness in mm
+pA = 0.20 // Reduction in area
+d = 400 // Diameter of steel rolls in mm
+Ys = 0.35// Shear Yield stress of the material before rolling in KN/mm^2
+Ys_ = 0.4// Shear Yield stress of the material after rolling in KN/mm^2
+mu = 0.1 // Cofficient of friction
+mu_ = 0.005 // Cofficient of friction in bearing
+D = 150 // The diameter of bearing in mm
+v = 30 // Speed of rolling in m/min
+// Sample Problem 3 on page no. 115
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.3 # \n")
+tf =0.8*ti
+Ys_a = (Ys + Ys_)/2
+r=d/2
+thetaI = sqrt((ti-tf)/r)
+lambdaI=2*sqrt(r/tf)*atan(thetaI *sqrt(r/tf))
+lambdaN = (1/2)*((1/mu)*(log(tf/ti)) + lambdaI)
+thetaN =(sqrt(tf/r))*(tan((lambdaN/2)*(sqrt(tf/r))))
+Dtheta_a = thetaN/4
+Dtheta_b = (thetaI- thetaN)/8
+i = 0
+for i = 0:4
+ theta = i*Dtheta_a
+ y = (1/2)* (tf+r*theta^2)
+ lambda = 2*sqrt(r/tf)*atand(theta*(%pi/180) *sqrt(r/tf))
+ p_a = 2*Ys_a*(2*y/tf)*(exp(mu*lambda))
+end
+I1 = (Dtheta_a/3) *(0.75+.925+4*(.788+.876)+2*.830)
+for i = 0:8
+ theta1 = i*Dtheta_b + thetaN
+ y = (1/2)* (tf+r*theta1^2)
+ lambda = 2*sqrt(r/tf)*atand(theta1*(%pi/180) *sqrt(r/tf))
+ p_b = 2*Ys_a*(2*y/ti)*(exp(mu*(lambdaI-lambda)))
+end
+I2 = (Dtheta_b/3)*(0.925+.75+4*(.887+.828+.786+.759) + 2*(.855+.804+.772))
+F = r*(I1 + I2)
+F_ = F*w
+T = (r^2)*mu*(I2-I1)
+T_ =T*w
+W = v*(1000/60)/r
+P_ = 2*T_*W
+Pl = mu_*F_*D*W
+P = Pl+P_
+printf("\n The mill power = %f kW",P/1000)
+// Answer in the book is given as 79.18 kW
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..48ecc32cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.3 #
+
+ The mill power = 80.952339 kW \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d41dfae48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+mu = 0.25 // Cofficient of friction between the job and the dies
+Y = 7 // Avg yield stress of the lead in N/mm^2
+h = 6 // Height of die in mm
+L = 150 // Length of the strip in mm
+V1 = 24*24*150 // Volume of the strip in mm^3
+V2 = 6*96*150 // Volume of the die in mm^3
+w= 96 // Weidth of the die in mm
+// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 118
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.4 # \n")
+K = Y/sqrt(3)
+x_ = (h/(2*mu))*(log(1/(2*mu)))
+l = w/2
+funcprot(0)
+function p1 = f(x), p1 = (2*K)*exp((2*mu/h)*x),
+endfunction
+funcprot(0)
+I1 = intg(0,x_,f)
+function p2 = f(y), p2=(2*K)*((1/2*mu)*(log(1/(2*mu))) + (y/h)),
+endfunction
+I2 = intg(x_,l,f)
+F = 2*(I1+I2)
+F_ = F*L
+printf("\n The maximum forging force = %e N",F_)
+// Answer in the book is given as 0.54*10^6 N
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..860a80a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.4 #
+
+ The maximum forging force = 4.890305e+05 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9bce6c835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+mu = 0.08// Cofficient of friction between the job and the dies
+Y = 7 // Avg yield stress of the lead in N/mm^2
+h = 6 // Height of die in mm
+L = 150 // Length of the strip in mm
+V1 = 24*24*150 // Volume of the strip in mm^3
+V2 = 6*96*150 // Volume of the die in mm^3
+w= 96 // Weidth of the die in mm
+// Sample Problem 5 on page no. 119
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.5 # \n")
+K = Y/sqrt(3)
+x_ = (h/(2*mu))*(log(1/(2*mu)))
+l = w/2
+funcprot(0)
+function p1 = f(x), p1 = (2*K)*exp((2*mu/h)*x),
+endfunction
+I = intg(0,l,f)
+F = 2*(I)
+F_ = F*L
+printf("\n The maximum forging force = %e N",F_)
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c4178dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 3.5 #
+
+ The maximum forging force = 2.361194e+05 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7469536ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+r = 150 // Radius of the circular disc of lead in mm
+Ti = 50 // Initial thickness of the disc in mm
+Tf = 25 // Reduced thickness of the disc in mm
+mu = 0.25// Cofficient of friction between the job and the dies
+K = 4 // Avg shear yield stress of the lead in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 6 on page no. 122
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.6 # \n")
+R = r*sqrt(2)
+rs = (R - ((Tf/(2*mu)) * log(1/(mu*sqrt(3)))))
+funcprot(0)
+function p1 = f(x), p1 = (((sqrt(3))*K)*exp((2*mu/Tf)*(R-x)))*x,
+endfunction
+I = intg(rs,R,f)
+funcprot(0)
+function p2 = f(y), p2 = ((2*K/Tf)*(R-y) + ((K/mu)*(1+log(mu*sqrt(3)))))*y,
+endfunction
+I_ = intg(0,rs,f)
+F = 2*%pi*(I+I_)
+printf("\n The maximum forging force = %e N",F)
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ddcad016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 3.6 #
+
+ The maximum forging force = 3.648809e+06 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82270e06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+Di = 12.7 // Intial diameter in mm
+Df = 10.2 // Final diameter in mm
+v = 90 // Drawn speed in m/min
+alpha=6 // Half angle of dia in degree
+mu = 0.1// Cofficient of friction between the job and the dies
+Y = 207 // Tensile yield stress of the steel specimen in N/mm^2
+Y_ = 414 // Tensile yield stress of the similar specimen at strain 0.5 in N/mm^2
+e = 0.5 // Strain
+// Sample Problem 7 on page no. 126
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.7 # \n")
+e_ =2* log(Di/Df)
+Y_e = Y + (Y_ - Y)*e_/e
+Y__ = (Y+Y_e)/2
+phi = 1 + (mu/tand(alpha))
+Y_f = Y__ * ((phi/(phi-1)) *(1-((Df/Di)^(2*(phi-1)))))
+p = Y_f * (%pi/4)*(Df^2)*v/60
+Dmax = 1- (1/(phi^(1/(phi-1))))
+printf("\n Drawing power = %f kW, \n The maximum passible reduction with same die = %f mm",p/1000,Dmax)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da97d764e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 3.7 #
+
+ Drawing power = 25.530385 kW,
+ The maximum passible reduction with same die = 0.504749 mm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16904a775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+Ri = 30 // Inside radius of cup in mm
+t = 3 // Thickness in mm
+Rb = 40 // Radius of the blank in mm
+K = 210 // Shear yield stress of the material in N/mm^2
+Y = 600 // Maximum allowable stress in N/mm^2
+Beta = 0.05
+mu = 0.1// Cofficient of friction between the job and the dies
+// Sample Problem 8 on page no. 130
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.8 # \n")
+Fh = Beta*%pi*(Rb^2)*K
+Y_r = (mu*Fh/(%pi*Rb*t))+(2*K*log(Rb/Ri))
+Y_z = Y_r*exp(mu*%pi/2)
+F = 2*%pi*Ri*t*Y_z
+Y_r_ = Y/exp(mu*%pi/2)
+Rp = (Rb/exp((Y_r_/(2*K)) - ((mu*Fh)/(2*%pi*K*Rb*t))))-t
+printf("\n Drawing force = %d N, \n Minimum passible radius of the cup which can drawn from the given blank without causing a fracture = %f mm",F,Rp)
+// Answer in the book given as 62680 N
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..18bb5f855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.8 #
+
+ Drawing force = 89210 N,
+ Minimum passible radius of the cup which can drawn from the given blank without causing a fracture = 9.198393 mm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d5657b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+L_ = 20 // Length of the mild steel product in mm
+h = 50 // Height of the mild steel product in mm
+L = 50 // Horizontal length of the mild steel product in mm
+t = 5 // Thickness in mm
+l=25 // Length of the bend in mm
+E = 207 // Modulus of elasticity in kN/mm^2
+n = 517 // Strain hardening rate in N/mm^2
+Y = 345 // Yield stress in N/mm^2
+mu = 0.1// Cofficient of friction
+e = 0.2 // Fracture strain
+theta = 20 // Bend angle in degree
+// Sample Problem 9 on page no. 135
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 3.9 # \n")
+Rp = ((1 /((exp(e) - 1)))-0.82)*t/1.82
+Y_1 = Y+n*e
+Y_2 = Y + n*(log(1+(1/(2.22*(Rp/t)+1))))
+M = ((0.55*t)^2)*((Y/6)+(Y_1/3)) + ((0.45*t)^2)*((Y/6)+(Y_2/3))
+Fmax = (M/l)*(1+(cosd((atand(mu))+mu*sind(atand(mu)))))
+Fmax_ = L_*Fmax
+alpha = 90 /((12*(Rp+0.45*t)*M/(E*(10^3)*(t^3)))+1)
+Ls = 2*(((Rp+0.45*t)*%pi/4) + 50-(Rp+t))
+printf("\n Maximum bending force = %d N, \n The required puch angle = %f°,\n The stock length = %f mm",Fmax_,alpha,Ls)
+// Answer in the book for maximum bending force is given as 4144 N
+
diff --git a/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.txt b/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e5f2a73e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ # PROBLEM 3.9 #
+
+ Maximum bending force = 4124 N,
+ The required puch angle = 88.681608°,
+ The stock length = 89.175451 mm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b768c5e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha = 10 // Rake angle in Degree
+t = 0.4 // Chip thickness in mm
+T = 0.15 // Uncut chip thickness in mm
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 187
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.1 # \n")
+r = T/t
+phi = atand((r*cosd(alpha))/(1-r*sind(alpha)))
+gama = cotd(phi) + tand(phi-alpha)
+printf("\n Shear plane angle = %f°, \n Magnitude of the shear strain = %f",phi,gama)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb6cb9d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# PROBLEM 4.1 #
+
+ Shear plane angle = 21.555321°,
+ Magnitude of the shear strain = 2.735935 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2dbf8da2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d= 4 // Depth of cut in mm
+f = 0.25 // Feed in mm/stroke
+alpha = 10 // Rake angle in degree
+shi = 30 // Principal cutting edge angle in Degree
+mu =0.6 // Cofficient of friction between chip and tool
+T_s = 340 // Ultimate shear stress of cast iron in N/mm^2
+N = 60 // Cutting stroke/min
+L = 200 // Length of the job in mm
+H = 180 // Hardness of the workpiece in BHN
+// Sample Problem 10 on page no. 221
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.10 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45 +alpha-lambda
+Fc = f*d*T_s*(cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha)))
+Fc_ = Fc*(L/1000)
+Wav =Fc_*N/60
+t1 = f*cosd(shi)
+U_0 = 0.81 // By using table 4.4 given in the book, In J/mm^3
+Uc = U_0*((t1)^(-.4))
+Q = f*d*L*N/60
+Wav_ = Uc*Q
+printf(" \n Avg power consumption = %d W,\n Specific power consumption when hardness of the workpiece is 180 BHN = %d W.",Wav,Wav_)
+// Answer in the book for Specific power consumption is given as 294 W
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4203e8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.10 #
+
+ Avg power consumption = 220 W,
+ Specific power consumption when hardness of the workpiece is 180 BHN = 298 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23b32d151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha_b = 6 // Back rake angle in Degree
+alpha_s = 10 // Side rake angle in Degree
+gama = 7 // Front clearance angle in Degree
+gama_ = 7 // Side clearance angle in Degree
+Shi = 10 // End cutting edge angle in Degree
+shi = 30 // Side cutting edge angle in Degree
+r= 0.5 // Nose radius in mm
+// Sample Problem 11 on page no. 224
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.11 # \n")
+k = tand(alpha_b) * cosd(shi) - tand(alpha_s) * sind(shi)
+printf("\n The value of k=%f,which is near to 0. Hence the case is close to orthogonal one.\n",k)
+alpha= atand(((tand(alpha_b) * sind(shi) ) + (tand(alpha_s) * (cosd(shi))))/ (sqrt(1+((tand(alpha_b)*cosd(shi)) - (tand(alpha_s)*sind(shi)))^(2))))
+printf(" \n Normal rake angle = %f°.",alpha)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..34d742ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.11 #
+
+ The value of k=0.002859,which is near to 0. Hence the case is close to orthogonal one.
+
+ Normal rake angle = 11.599142°. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..531b6bb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha_b = 6 // Back rake angle in Degree
+alpha_s = 10 // Side rake angle in Degree
+gama = 5 // Front clearance angle in Degree
+gama_ = 7 // Side clearance angle in Degree
+Shi = 10 // End cutting edge angle in Degree
+shi = 30 // Side cutting edge angle in Degree
+r= 0.55 // Nose radius in mm
+d = 2.5 // Depth of cut in mm
+f = 0.125 // Feed in mm/revolution
+N = 300 // Rpm of the job
+T_S = 400 // Ultimate shear stress of the workpiece in N/mm^2
+mu = .6 // Cofficient of the friction between the tool and the chip
+// Sample Problem 12 on page no. 225
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.12 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+alpha= atand(((tand(alpha_b) * sind(shi) ) + (tand(alpha_s) * (cosd(shi))))/ (sqrt(1+((tand(alpha_b)*cosd(shi)) - (tand(alpha_s)*sind(shi)))^(2))))
+phi = 45 + alpha - lambda
+t1 = f*cosd(phi)
+w = d/cosd(phi)
+Fc = w*t1*T_S*(cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha)))
+Ft = Fc*tand(lambda-alpha)
+Ff = Ft*cosd(shi)
+Fr = Ft*sind(shi)
+printf(" \n Component of the machining force are as follows -\n Feed force component = % d N, \n Normal thrust force component = % d N.",ceil(Ff),ceil(Fr))
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fe61e0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.12 #
+
+ Component of the machining force are as follows -
+ Feed force component = 118 N,
+ Normal thrust force component = 68 N. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c1aa294c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+D = 20 // Nominal diameter of the drill in mm
+T_S = 400 // Shear yield stress of work material in N/mm^2
+N = 240 // Rpm
+f = 0.25 // Feed in mm/revolution
+mu = 0.6 // Cofficient of friction
+// Sample Problem 14 on page no. 230
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.14 # \n")
+Beta = 118/2 // From the table 4.12 given in the book
+shi = 30 // From the table 4.12 given in the book
+alpha = atand(((2*(D/4)/(D))*tand(shi))/sind(Beta))
+t1 = (f/2)*sind(Beta)
+w = (D/2)/sind(Beta)
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45+alpha-lambda
+t1 = f/2
+Fc = w*t1*T_S*(cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha)))
+Ft = w*t1*T_S*(sind(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha)))
+M = .6*Fc*D/1000
+F = 5*Ft*sind(Beta)
+printf(" \n The drilling torque = %f N-m, \n Thrust force = %d N.",M,F)
+// Answer in the book for drilling torque is given as 18.2 N-m, and for thrust force is given as 1500 N
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87b1810dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.14 #
+
+ The drilling torque = 17.924639 N-m,
+ Thrust force = 1401 N. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44957246f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 20 // Width of the mild steel block in mm
+Z = 20 // No of teeth in milling cutter
+D = 50 // Diameter of the milling cutter in mm
+alpha = 10 // Radial rake angle in Degree
+f = 15 // Feed velocity of the table in mm/min
+N =60 // Rpm of the cutter
+t = 1 // Depth of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear yield stress in N/mm^2
+t_a = 0.0018 // Avg uncut thickness in mm
+// Sample Problem 15 on page no. 235
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.15 # \n")
+Beta = asind(2*(t/D))
+theta = 2*%pi/Z
+t1_max = (2*f/(N*Z))*sqrt(t/D)
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45+alpha -lambda
+Fc_max = ((w*t1_max*T_s*cosd(lambda-alpha)))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(45)))
+T_max = Fc_max*D/(2*1000)
+M_av = (1/2)*(Beta*T_max)/theta
+omega = 2*%pi*N/60
+U_0 = 1.4 // From the table 4.4 given in the book
+Uc_ms = U_0*((t_a)^(-0.4))
+R = f*t*w/60
+U = Uc_ms * R
+printf(" \n Power consumption = %f W.",U)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e3d32928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.15 #
+
+ Power consumption = 87.697869 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6353972bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 20 // Width of the mild steel block in mm
+Z = 10 // No of teeth in milling cutter
+D = 75 // Diameter of the milling cutter in mm
+alpha = 10 // Radial rake angle in Degree
+f = 100 // Feed velocity of the table in mm/min
+N =60 // Rpm of the cutter
+t = 5 // Depth of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear yield stress in N/mm^2
+t_a = 0.043 // Avg uncut thickness in mm
+// Sample Problem 16 on page no. 238
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.16 # \n")
+Beta = asind(2*(t/D))
+theta = 2*%pi/Z
+t1_max = (2*f/(N*Z))*sqrt(t/D)
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45+alpha -lambda
+Fc_max = ((w*t1_max*T_s*cosd(lambda-alpha)))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(45)))
+T_max = Fc_max*D/(2*1000)
+M_av = (1/2)*(Beta*T_max)/theta
+omega = 2*%pi*N/60
+U_0 = 1.4 // From the table 4.4 given in the book
+Uc_ms = U_0*((t_a)^(-0.4))
+R = f*t*w/60
+U = Uc_ms * R
+printf(" \n Power required = %d W.",U)
+// Answer in the book for Power required is given as 817 W
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c58b5dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.16 #
+
+ Power required = 821 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd1e0a4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+B = 20 // Width of the cut in mm
+Z = 10 // No of teeth in milling cutter
+D = 75 // Diameter of the milling cutter in mm
+alpha = 10 // Radial rake angle in Degree
+f = 25 // Feed velocity of the table in mm/min
+N =60 // Rpm of the cutter
+t = 5 // Depth of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear yield stress in N/mm^2
+t_a = 0.043 // Avg uncut thickness in mm
+// Sample Problem 17 on page no. 240
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.17 # \n")
+t1_max = 0.01
+lambda = 0.28 // From the table 4.13 Given in the book
+nu = 1400 // From the table 4.13 Given in the book
+t1_av = t1_max/2
+P = nu*B*t*f*(10^-4)/(6*((t1_av)^(lambda)))
+printf(" \n Power required = %f W.",P)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..655b02783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.17 #
+
+ Power required = 257.161051 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b60b4ec4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 20 // Width of the mild steel block in mm
+Z = 10 // No of teeth in milling cutter
+D = 75 // Diameter of the milling cutter in mm
+alpha = 10 // Radial rake angle in Degree
+f = 25 // Feed velocity of the table in mm/min
+N =60 // Rpm of the cutter
+t = 5 // Depth of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear yield stress in N/mm^2
+t_a = 0.043 // Avg uncut thickness in mm
+// Sample Problem 18 on page no. 240
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.18 # \n")
+R = f*t*w/60
+Uc = 3.3 // Specific energy in J/mm^3 from the table 4.14 Given in the book
+U = Uc * R
+printf(" \n Power required = %d W.",ceil(U))
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c316ee89d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.18 #
+
+ Power required = 138 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fad6a2c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d = 25 // Diameter of circular hole in mm
+t = 20 // Thickness of the steel plate in mm
+D = 27 // Enlarged diameter of hole in mm
+c= 0.08 // Cut per tooth in mm
+alpha = 10 // Radial rake angle in Degree
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear yield stress in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 19 on page no. 241
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.19 # \n")
+lambda=atand(mu)
+phi = 45-lambda+alpha
+w = %pi*(d+D)/2
+Fc = w*c*T_s*(cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(45)))
+s = 1.75*sqrt(t)
+F = 3*Fc
+printf(" \n Peak broaching load = %d N.",ceil(F))
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6748f118c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.19 #
+
+ Peak broaching load = 22323 N. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7132e349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+t1 = 0.25 // Undercut thickness in mm
+t2 = 0.75 // Chip thickness in mm
+w = 2.5 // Width in mm
+alpha = 0 // Rake angle in Degree
+Fc = 950 // Cutting force in N
+Ft = 475 // Thrust force in N
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 192
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.2 # \n")
+r = t1/t2
+mu = ((Fc*sind(alpha)) + (Ft*cosd(alpha)))/((Fc*cosd(alpha))-(Ft*sind(alpha)))
+phi = atand((r*cosd(alpha))/(1-r*sind(alpha)))
+As = t1*w/sind(phi)
+Fs = Fc*cosd(phi) - Ft*sind(phi)
+T_s = Fs/As
+printf("\n Coefficient of the friction between tool and the chip = %f, \n The ultimate shear stress of the material = %f N/mm^2",mu,T_s)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08c3a4e75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.2 #
+
+ Coefficient of the friction between tool and the chip = 0.500000,
+ The ultimate shear stress of the material = 380.000000 N/mm^2 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f7abe200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+D = 250 // Diameter of the wheel in mm
+N = 2000 // Rpm of the wheel
+f =5 // Plung feed rate in mm/min
+C = 3 // Surface density of active grain in mm^-2
+A = 20*15 // Area of mild steel prismatic bar in mm^2
+rg = 15 // In mm^-1
+// Sample Problem 20 on page no. 246
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.20 # \n")
+t1 = sqrt(f/(%pi*D*N*C*rg))
+U_0 = 1.4 // From the table 4.4 given in the book
+Uc= U_0*((t1)^(-.4))
+R = A*f/60
+P = Uc*R
+Fc_ = 60000*(P)/(%pi*D*A*C*N)
+printf(" \n Power requirement during plunge grinding of the mild steel primatic bar = %d W.",ceil(P))
+// Answer in the book is given as 94 W
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8b766869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.20 #
+
+ Power requirement during plunge grinding of the mild steel primatic bar = 943 W. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..116ca2f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 25 // Width of mild steel block in mm
+d= 0.05 // Depth of cut in mm
+D = 200 // Diameter of the wheel in mm
+N = 3000 // Rpm of the wheel
+f =100 // Feed velocity of table in mm/min
+C = 3 // No of grits in mm^-2
+rg = 15 // In mm^-1
+// Sample Problem 21 on page no. 248
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.21 # \n")
+t1_max = sqrt(((6*f)/(%pi*D*N*C*rg))*sqrt(d/D))
+t1_a = t1_max/2
+U_0 = 1.4 // From the table 4.4 given in the book
+Uc= U_0*((t1_a)^(-.4))
+R = w*d*f/60
+P = Uc*R
+Fc = 60000*(P)/(%pi*D*N)
+printf(" \n Grinding force = %d N",Fc)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a0d7bcbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.21 #
+
+ Grinding force = 3 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5de68f024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d= 0.05 // Depth of cut in mm
+f =200 // Feed rate in mm/min
+theta = 850 // Surface temperature in °C
+Theta = 700 // Maximum surface temperature of workpiece surface required to maintain in °C
+// Sample Problem 22 on page no. 251
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.22 # \n")
+K = theta * (f^0.2)/(d^0.9)
+r = Theta/K
+C = d*f
+Dm = (r*C^0.2)^(1/1.1)
+fm = C/Dm
+printf(" \n Required depth of cut = %f mm,\n Required feed = %d mm/min",Dm,fm)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c18cd0a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.22 #
+
+ Required depth of cut = 0.041910 mm,
+ Required feed = 238 mm/min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca2b6e9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+shi = 30 // Side cutting edge angle in Degree
+lambda = 7 // End cutting edge angle in Degree
+r = 0.7 // Nose radius in mm
+f = 0.125 // Feed in mm
+// Sample Problem 24 on page no. 260
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.24 # \n")
+H_max = f/(tand(shi)+cotd(lambda))
+H_max_ = (f^2)/(8*r)
+printf(" \n Maximum height of uneveness in first tool case = %f mm,\n In second tool case = %f mm",H_max,H_max_)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a439e658e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.24 #
+
+ Maximum height of uneveness in first tool case = 0.014332 mm,
+ In second tool case = 0.002790 mm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9cd7a56e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+Z = 12 // No of teeth
+d = 100 // Diameter of cutter in mm
+N = 60 // Rpm of cutter
+f = 25 // Table feed in mm/min
+// Sample Problem 25 on page no. 262
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.25 # \n")
+H_max = (f^2)/(4*d*(N^2)*(Z^2))
+printf(" \n Maximum height of uneveness = %f mm",H_max)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5cb6d7583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.25/Ex4_25.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.25 #
+
+ Maximum height of uneveness = 0.000003 mm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..477c3f53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+n = 0.25 // Value of exponent of time in Taylor's tool life equation
+C = 75 // Value of constant in Taylor's tool life equation
+Lc = .15 // Labour cast in $/min
+Tc = 2.50 // Total cast of tool in $
+t = 2 // Change time for tool in min
+// Sample Problem 26 on page no. 268
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.26 # \n")
+x = (C)^(1/n) // Where x = k/(f^(1/n))
+v_opt = ((n*x*Lc)/((1-n)*((Lc*t+Tc))))^(n)
+printf(" \n Cutting speed that will be lead to minimum cast = %f m/min",v_opt)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5411dad46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.26/Ex4_26.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.26 #
+
+ Cutting speed that will be lead to minimum cast = 27.416642 m/min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7516c28ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+L = 300 // Length of the bar in mm
+d=30 // Diameter of the bar in mm
+f_max = 0.25 // Maximum allowable feed in mm/revolution
+Lc = .25 // Labour and overhead cast in $/min
+Tc = 2 // Regrinding cast in $
+t = 1 // Change time for tool in min
+C_X = 2.50 // Cast of tool of material X per piece in $
+C_Y = 3 // Cast of tool of material Y per piece in $
+n_x = 0.1 // Value of exponent of time in Taylor's tool life equation for material X
+n_y = 0.16 // Value of exponent of time in Taylor's tool life equation for material Y
+C_x = 30 // Value of constant in Taylor's tool life equation for material X
+C_y = 76 // Value of constant in Taylor's tool life equation For material Y
+// Sample Problem 27 on page no. 269
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.27 # \n")
+x_x = (C_x)^(1/n_x) // Where x = k/(f^(1/n))
+v_opt_x = ((n_x*x_x*Lc)/((1-n_x)*((Lc*t+Tc))))^(n_x)
+Rmin_x = C_X+Lc*t+(Lc*%pi*L*d/(1000*f_max*v_opt_x)) + (Lc*t*(%pi*L*d/(1000*x_x)))*(v_opt_x^(1/n_y))*(v_opt_x^-1)*(f_max^-1)+(Tc*((%pi*L*d/(1000*x_x)))*(v_opt_x^(1/n_x))*(v_opt_x^-1)*(f_max^-1))
+x_y = (C_y)^(1/n_y) // Where x = k/(f^(1/n))
+v_opt_y = ((n_y*x_y*Lc)/((1-n_y)*((Lc*t+Tc))))^(n_y)
+Rmin_y = C_Y+Lc*t+(Lc*%pi*L*d/(1000*f_max*v_opt_y)) + (Lc*t*(%pi*L*d/(1000*x_y)))*(v_opt_y^(1/n_y))*(v_opt_y^-1)*(f_max^-1)+(Tc*((%pi*L*d/(1000*x_y)))*(v_opt_y^(1/n_y))*(v_opt_y^-1)*(f_max^-1))
+printf(" \n The minimum cast per piece\n When material X is used = %f $,\n When material Y is used = %f $",Rmin_x,Rmin_y)
+printf("\n So material Y will be suitable for tool as it has low cast")
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38e0fc2ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.27/Ex4_27.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 4.27 #
+
+ The minimum cast per piece
+ When material X is used = 4.357033 $,
+ When material Y is used = 4.070737 $
+ So material Y will be suitable for tool as it has low cast \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f9f2f8e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+n = 0.25 // Value of exponent of time in Taylor's tool life equation
+C = 75 // Value of constant in Taylor's tool life equation
+Lc = .15 // Labour cast in $/min
+Tc = 2.50 // Total cast of tool in $
+t = 2 // Change time for tool in min
+// Sample Problem 28 on page no. 271
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.28 # \n")
+x = (C)^(1/n) // Where x = k/(f^(1/n))
+v_opt = ((n*x)/((1-n)*t))^(n)
+printf(" \n Optimum cutting speed for maximum production rate for the job = %f m/min",v_opt)
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b92aa9e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.28/Ex4_28.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.28 #
+
+ Optimum cutting speed for maximum production rate for the job = 47.920733 m/min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ac6506b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha = 10 // Rake angle of tool in Degree
+v = 200 // Cutting speed in m/min
+t1 = 0.2 // Uncut thickness in mm
+w = 2 // Width of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Avg value of the cofficient of tbe friction
+T_S = 400 // Shear stress of the work material in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 3 on page no. 193
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.3 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = (90 + alpha - lambda)/2
+Fs = (w*t1*T_S)/(sind(phi))
+R = Fs/(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha))
+Fc = R*(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+Ft = R*(sind(lambda-alpha))
+printf("\n Shear angle = %f°, \n Cutting force = %d N, \n Thrust force = %d N,",phi,Fc,Ft)
+// Answer in the book for cutting force is given as 420 N and for thrust force is given as 125 N
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ab155fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.3 #
+
+ Shear angle = 36.717474°,
+ Cutting force = 429 N,
+ Thrust force = 127 N, \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..319c7254a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha = 10 // Rake angle of tool in Degree
+v = 200 // Cutting speed in m/min
+t1 = 0.2 // Uncut thickness in mm
+w = 2 // Width of cut in mm
+mu = 0.5 // Avg value of the cofficient of tbe friction
+T_S = 400 // Shear stress of the work material in N/mm^2
+Cm = 70 // Machining constant in Degree
+// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 194
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.4 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = (Cm + alpha - lambda)/2
+Fs = (w*t1*T_S)/(sind(phi))
+R = Fs/(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha))
+Fc = R*(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+Ft = R*(sind(lambda-alpha))
+// Using Lee and Shaffer relation
+phi_ = 45-lambda+alpha
+Fs_ = (w*t1*T_S)/(sind(phi_))
+R_ = Fs_/(cosd(phi_+lambda-alpha))
+Fc_ = R_*(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+Ft_ = R_*(sind(lambda-alpha))
+printf("\n Shear angle = %f°, \n Cutting force = %f N, \n Thrust force = %f N \n Using Lee and Shaffer relation- \n Shear angle = %f°, \n Cutting force = %f N, \n Thrust force = %f N,",phi,Fc,Ft,phi_,Fc_,Ft_)
+// Answer in the book for cutting force is given as 486.9 N and for thrust force is given as 144.9 N , When using Lee and Shaffer relation answer in the book for cutting force is given as 481.9 N and for trust force is given as 160.6 N
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42f6574c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.4 #
+
+ Shear angle = 26.717474°,
+ Cutting force = 468.567296 N,
+ Thrust force = 139.374821 N
+ Using Lee and Shaffer relation-
+ Shear angle = 28.434949°,
+ Cutting force = 455.482874 N,
+ Thrust force = 135.482874 N, \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..497435ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+t1 = 0.25 // Uncut thickness in mm
+w = 2.5 // Width of cut in mm
+U_0 = 1.4 // In J/mm^3
+alpha = 0 // Rake angle in degree
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of the friction
+T_s = 400 // Shear stress in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 5 on page no. 196
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.5 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+Fc = 1000*(t1*w*U_0)*((t1)^(-.4))
+phi = 45 + alpha - atand(mu)
+Fc_ = (w*t1*T_s*cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi)) *cosd(phi+lambda-alpha))
+printf(" \n The order of magnitude of cutting force = %d N,\n Using Lee and Shaffer relation- \n The order of magnitude of cutting force = %d N.",Fc,Fc_)
+// Answer in the book for cutting force is given as 1517 N
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86c03f189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.5 #
+
+ The order of magnitude of cutting force = 1523 N,
+ Using Lee and Shaffer relation-
+ The order of magnitude of cutting force = 1000 N. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5611c2b36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+v = 2 // Cutting speed in m/sec
+D = 7200 // Density of mild steel in kg /m^3
+k = 43.6 // Thermal conductivity in W/m-°c
+c = 502 // Specific heat of the material in J/kg-°c
+t1 = 0.25 // Uncut thickness in mm
+w =2 // Width of cut in mm
+theta_0 = 40 // Initial temp of the workpiece in Degree
+alpha = 0 // Rake angle in degree
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of the friction
+T_s = 400e6 // Shear stress in N/m^2
+// Sample Problem 6 on page no. 199
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.6 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45 + alpha - lambda
+Fs = (w*t1*T_s)*(10^-6)/(sind(phi))
+R = Fs / (cosd(phi+lambda-alpha))
+Fc = R *(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+r = sind(phi)/(cosd(phi-alpha))
+Ft= Fc *(tand(lambda - alpha))
+F = Fc *(sind(alpha))+Ft*(cosd(alpha))
+Ws = F*r*v
+Wp = Fc*v-F*r*v
+zeta = D*c*v*t1*(10^-3)/k
+zeta_ = zeta*tand(phi)
+nu = 0.15 *(log(27.5/(zeta_)))
+theta_P = (1-nu)*Wp/(D*c*v*t1*w*(10^-6))
+theta_S = 1.13 *(sqrt(1/(D*c*v*t1*(10^-3)*k*(1+tand(phi-alpha)))))*(Ws/w)*(10^3)
+theta = theta_0+theta_S+ theta_P
+printf(" \n Maximum temperature along the rake face of the tool = %d°C.",theta)
+// Answer in the book is given as 823°C
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f58c28a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.6 #
+
+ Maximum temperature along the rake face of the tool = 835°C. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23d8e49ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+theta_ = 40 //Ambient temperature in°C
+v = 2 // Cutting speed in m/sec
+D = 7200 // Density of mild steel in kg /m^3
+k = 43.6 // Thermal conductivity in W/m-°c
+c = 502 // Specific heat of the material in J/kg-°c
+t1 = 0.25 // Uncut thickness in mm
+w =2 // Width of cut in mm
+alpha = 0 // Rake angle in degree
+mu = 0.5 // Cofficient of the friction
+T_s = 400e6 // Shear stress in N/m^2
+H = 350 // Hardness of SAE 1040 steel in HV(Vicker hardness)
+// Sample Problem 7 on page no. 206
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.7 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45 + alpha - lambda
+Fs = (w*t1*T_s)*(10^-6)/(sind(phi))
+R = Fs / (cosd(phi+lambda-alpha))
+Fc = R *(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+r = sind(phi)/(cosd(phi-alpha))
+Ft= Fc *(tand(lambda - alpha))
+F = Fc *(sind(alpha))+Ft*(cosd(alpha))
+Ws = F*r*v
+Wp = Fc*v-F*r*v
+zeta = D*c*v*t1*(10^-3)/k
+zeta_ = zeta*tand(phi)
+nu = 0.15 *(log(27.5/(zeta_)))
+Theta_0v = ((1-nu)*Wp + Ws)/ (D*c*v*t1*w*(10^-6))
+H_ = 1.5 *(H)
+theta_lim = 700*((1-(H_/850))^(1/3.1))
+v_lim = (theta_lim/309)^(1/0.5)
+printf(" \n Maximum speed at which cutting is passible = %f m/sec.",v_lim)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e3d0dab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.7 #
+
+ Maximum speed at which cutting is passible = 2.759951 m/sec. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b3793db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+alpha = 0 // Rake angle in degree
+gama = 3 // Clearance angle in Degree
+w = 1 // Maximum length of flank wear allowed in mm
+gama_ = 7 // Increased clearance angle in Degree
+// Sample Problem 8 on page no. 212
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.8 # \n")
+I_per = (((tand(gama_))-(tand(gama)))/tand(gama))*100
+printf(" \n Percentage increase in tool life = %d percent.",I_per)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15b9d8ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.8 #
+
+ Percentage increase in tool life = 134 percent. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b912e9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d= 4 // Depth of cut in mm
+f = 0.25 // Feed in mm/stroke
+alpha = 10 // Rake angle in degree
+shi = 30 // Principal cutting edge angle in Degree
+mu =0.6 // Cofficient of friction between chip and tool
+T_s = 340 // Ultimate shear stress of cast iron in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 9 on page no. 220
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 4.9 # \n")
+lambda = atand(mu)
+phi = 45 +alpha-lambda
+Fc = f*d*T_s*(cosd(lambda-alpha))/((sind(phi))*(cosd(phi+lambda-alpha)))
+Ft = Fc*(sind(lambda-alpha))/(cosd(lambda-alpha))
+Ff = Ft*(cosd(shi))
+Fn = Ft*(sind(shi))
+printf(" \n The three components of machinig force are as follows-\n Thrust force = %d N,\n Feed force component = %d N,\n Normal thrust force component = %d N.",Ft,Ff,Fn)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt b/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..26760b0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ # PROBLEM 4.9 #
+
+ The three components of machinig force are as follows-
+ Thrust force = 422 N,
+ Feed force component = 365 N,
+ Normal thrust force component = 211 N. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fcfef018b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+A = 20 // Value of A in voltage length characteristic equation
+B = 40 // Value of B in voltage length characteristic equation
+v= 80 // Open circuit voltage in V
+I = 1000 // Short circuit current in amp
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 285
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 5.1 # \n")
+l=poly(0,"l")
+i = ((v-A)-(B* l))*(I/v)
+V = (A+B*l)// Given in the question
+P = V*i
+k = derivat(P)
+L=roots(k)
+Pmax=((v-A)-(B* L))*(I/v)*(A+B*L)
+printf("\n Maximum power of the arc = %d kVA",Pmax/1000)
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt b/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..848d6e537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 5.1 #
+
+ Maximum power of the arc = 20 kVA \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..819ffb42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+N =25 // No. of bridges per cm^2
+r = 0.1 // Radius of bridge in mm
+rho = 2e-5 // Resistivity of the material in ohm-cm
+v= 5 // Applied voltage in V
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 288
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 5.2 # \n")
+Rc = 0.85*rho/(N*%pi*r*0.1)
+Q = (v^2)/Rc
+printf("\n Rate of heat generated per unit area = %e W/cm^2",Q)
+// Answer in the book is given as 1.136e5 W/cm^2
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt b/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52934c015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 5.2 #
+
+ Rate of heat generated per unit area = 1.154997e+06 W/cm^2 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a0c02119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+P = 2.5 // Power in kVA
+t = 3 // Thickness of steel plate in mm
+T = 85 // Percentage of total time when arc is on
+alpha = 1.2e-5 // Thermal diffusivity of steel in m^2/sec
+k = 43.6 // Thermal conductivity of steel in W/m-°C
+theta_ = 1530 // Melting point of steel in °C
+theta = 30 // Ambient temperature in °C
+gama = 60 // Angle in degree
+// Sample Problem on page no. 292
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 5.3 # \n")
+C = T/100
+Q = C*P*10^3
+w = t/sind(gama)
+theta_m = theta_ - theta
+v_max = (4*alpha/(w*(10^-3)))*((Q/(8*k*theta_m*t*(10^-3)))-0.2)
+printf("\n Maximum passible welding speed = %f m/sec",v_max)
+// Answer in the book is given as 0.0146 m/sec
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt b/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e39d3a74a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 5.3 #
+
+ Maximum passible welding speed = 0.015988 m/sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3a7c296fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+t = 1.2 // Thickness of aluminium sheet in mm
+t_ = 0.25 // Adhesive thickness in mm
+l = 12 // Overlapped length in mm
+E = 703 // Modulus of elastisity in N/mm^2
+G = 11.9 // Shear modulus of adhesive in N/mm^2
+T_S = 0.6 // Ultimate shear stress in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 303
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 5.4 # \n")
+K = (((l^2)*G)/(2*E*t*t_))^(1/2)
+T = T_S/K
+printf("\n The maximum shear stress the lap joint can withstand = %f N/mm^2",T)
+// Answer in the book is given as 0.274 N/mm^2
diff --git a/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt b/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3d9bd9d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 5.4 #
+
+ The maximum shear stress the lap joint can withstand = 0.297680 N/mm^2 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a6e726b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+a = 5 // Side of the square hole in mm
+t = 4 // Thickness of tungsten plate in mm
+d = 0.01 // Diameter of abraisive grains in mm
+F = 3.5 // Force for feeding in N
+A =25e-3 // Amplitude of tool oscillation in mm
+f = 25e3 // Frequency in Hz
+Hw = 6900 // Fracture hardness of WC in N/mm^2
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 332
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.1 # \n")
+Z = (1/2)*(4*s^2)/(%pi*d^2)
+lambda = 5
+d1 = (d^2)
+h_w = (sqrt((8*F*A)/(%pi*Z*d1*Hw*(1+lambda))))
+Q = (2/3)*((d1*h_w)^(3/2))*Z*f*%pi
+t = (a^2)*t/(Q*60)
+printf("\n The approximate time required = %f min",t)
+// Answer in the book is given as 13.66 min
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b62fd3a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.1 #
+
+ The approximate time required = 14.262125 min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7bef113d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+R = 50 // Resistance in relaxation circuit in ohm
+C = 10 // Capacitance in relaxation circuit in micro F
+V = 200 // Supply voltage in Volt
+V_ = 150 // Minimum required voltage for discharge in Volt
+// Sample Problem 10 on page no. 382
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.10 # \n")
+E = (1/2)*C*(10^-6)*(V_^2)
+tc = R*C*(10^-6)*log(V/(V-V_))
+W = (E/tc)*(10^-3)
+Q = 27.4*(W^(1.54))
+Hrms = 1.11*(Q^0.384)
+printf("\n Surface roughness = %f micro meter",Hrms)
+// Answer in the book is given as 5.16 micro meter
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2eecca065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.10 #
+
+ Surface roughness = 1.350325 micro meter \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15b8ec5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 150 // Width of slot in micro meter
+t = 1 // Thickness of tungsten sheet in mm
+P = 5 // Power of electron beam in KW
+// Sample Problem 11 on page no. 391
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.11 # \n")
+C = 12 // Specific power consumption for tugsten in W/(mm^3/min) from the table 6.7 given in the book
+v = (P*(1000)/C)*(1000/(w*t))*(1/600)
+printf("\n Speed of cutting = %f cm/sec",v)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ff9c85cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.11 #
+
+ Speed of cutting = 4.629630 cm/sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0c7dc606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+V = 150e3 // Acceleration voltage in V
+// Sample Problem 12 on page no. 392
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.12 # \n")
+D = 76e-7 // Density of steel in kg/mm^3
+Delta = 2.6*(10^-17)*((V^2)/D)
+printf("\n Electron range = %d micro meter",ceil(Delta*(10^3)))
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bce5a1db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.12 #
+
+ Electron range = 77 micro meter \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..029ca371d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+w = 0.015 // Width of slot in cm
+t = 1 // Thickness of tungsten sheet in mm
+P = 5e3 // Power of electron beam in W
+// Sample Problem 13 on page no. 395
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.13 # \n")
+rho_c = 2.71 // Value of volume specific heat for tugsten in J/cm^3
+k = 2.15 // Thermal conductivity of tungsten in W/cm-°C
+T_m = 3400 // Melting temperture in °C
+Z = t/10 // In cm
+v = (0.1^2)*(P^2)/((T_m^2)*(Z^2)*(k*w*rho_c))
+printf("\n Speed of cutting = %f cm/sec",v)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78cd2ff80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 6.13 #
+
+ Speed of cutting = 24.744755 cm/sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f620fbb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+I = 1e5 // Power intensity of laser beam in W/mm^2
+T_m = 3400 // Melting temperture of tungsten in °C
+rho_c = 2.71 // Value of volume specific heat for tugsten in J/cm^3
+k = 2.15 // Thermal conductivity of tungsten in W/cm-°C
+p_a = 10 // Percentage of beam absorbed
+// Sample Problem 14 on page no. 399
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.14 # \n")
+alpha = k/rho_c
+H = (p_a/100)*(I)*(100)
+tm = (%pi/alpha)*((T_m*k)/(2*H))^(2)
+printf("\n Time required for the surface to reach the melting point = %f sec",tm)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d36828dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 6.14 #
+
+ Time required for the surface to reach the melting point = 0.000053 sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8a3a82a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+I = 1e5 // Power intensity of laser beam in W/mm^2
+d = 200 // Focused diameter of incident beam in micro meter
+T_m = 3400 // Melting temperture of tungsten in °C
+rho_c = 2.71 // Value of volume specific heat for tugsten in J/cm^3
+k = 2.15 // Thermal conductivity of tungsten in W/cm-°C
+p_a = 10 // Percentage of beam absorbed
+// Sample Problem 15 on page no. 400
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.15 # \n")
+H = (p_a/100)*(I)*(100)
+alpha = k/rho_c
+zeta = 0.5 // Fr0m the standard table
+ // By solving the equation T_m = ((2*H)*(sqrt(alpha*tm))/k)*((1/sqrt(%pi))-ierfc(d/(4*sqrt(alpha*tm))))
+tm = 1/((200^2)*(zeta^2)*(alpha))
+printf("\n Time required for the centre of the circular spot to reach the melting point = %f sec",tm)
+// Answer in the book is given as 0.00013 sec
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59a689d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 6.15 #
+
+ Time required for the centre of the circular spot to reach the melting point = 0.000126 sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4b285d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d = 200 // Diameter of focussed laser beam in micro meter
+T_m = 3400 // Melting temperture of tungsten in °C
+k = 2.15 // Thermal conductivity of tungsten in W/cm-°C
+p_a = 10 // Percentage of beam absorbed
+// Sample Problem 16 on page no. 401
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.16 # \n")
+H = 2*k*T_m/(d*10^-4)
+I = H/(p_a/100)
+printf("\n Minimum value of beam power intensity to achieve the melting = %e W/cm^2",I)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8ca910d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.16 #
+
+ Minimum value of beam power intensity to achieve the melting = 7.310000e+06 W/cm^2 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d05b866f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+I = 1e5 // Power intensity of laser beam in W/mm^2
+t = 0.5 // Thickness of tungsten sheet in mm
+d = 200 // Drill diameter in micro meter
+P = 3e4 // Energy required per unit volume to vapourize tungsten in J/cm^3
+p_e = 10 // Percentage efficiency
+T_m = 3400 // Melting temperture of tungsten in °C
+k = 2.15 // Thermal conductivity of tungsten in W/cm-°C
+// Sample Problem 17 on page no. 403
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.17 # \n")
+H = (p_e/100)*(I)*(100)
+v = H/P
+T = t*(0.1)/(v)
+printf("\n The time required to drill a through hole = %f sec",T)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0aaed52c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 6.17 #
+
+ The time required to drill a through hole = 0.001500 sec \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..140cb91b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+r = 1/3 // Ratio of hardness values of copper and steel
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 335
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.2 # \n")
+R_Q = (r)^(3/4)
+R_t = 1/R_Q
+P_R = (1-(1/R_t))*100
+printf("\n Percentage change in cutting time when tool is changed from coppper to steel = %d percent(reduction)",P_R)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31a63df76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.2 #
+
+ Percentage change in cutting time when tool is changed from coppper to steel = 56 percent(reduction) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a2270c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+m = 5 // Romoval rate in cm^3/min
+A = 56 // Atomic gram weight in gm
+Z = 2 // Valence at which dissolation takes place
+D = 7.8 // Density of iron in gm/cm^3
+// Sample Problem 3 on page no. 345
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.3 # \n")
+I = (m/60)*(D*Z*96500)/(A)
+printf("\n Current required = %d amp",I)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1df49a317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.3 #
+
+ Current required = 2240 amp \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..697eea215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+I = 1000 // Current in amp
+p1 = 72.5 // Percentage(by weight) of Ni in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p2 = 19.5 // Percentage(by weight) of Cr in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p3 = 5 // Percentage(by weight) of Fe in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p4 = 0.4 // Percentage(by weight) of Ti in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p5 = 1 // Percentage(by weight) of Si in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p6 = 1 // Percentage(by weight) of Mn in Nimonic 75 alloy
+p7 = 06 // Percentage(by weight) of Cu in Nimonic 75 alloy
+// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 345
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.4 # \n")
+// From the table 6.3 given in the book
+D1 = 8.9 // Density of Ni in g/cm^3
+D2 = 7.19 // Density of Cr in g/cm^3
+D3 = 7.86 // Density of Fe in g/cm^3
+D4 = 4.51 // Density of Ti in g/cm^3
+D5 = 2.33 // Density of Si in g/cm^3
+D6 = 7.43 // Density of Mn in g/cm^3
+D7 = 8.96 // Density of Cu in g/cm^3
+A1 = 58.71 // Gram atomic weight of Ni in gm
+A2 = 51.99 // Gram atomic weight of Cr in gm
+A3 = 55.85 // Gram atomic weight of Fe in gm
+A4 = 47.9 // Gram atomic weight of Ti in gm
+A5 = 28.09 // Gram atomic weight of Si in gm
+A6 = 54.94 // Gram atomic weight of Mn in gm
+A7 = 63.57 // Gram atomic weight of Cu in gm
+Z1 = 2 // Valence of dessolation for Ni
+Z2 = 2 // Valence of dessolation for Cr
+Z3 = 2 // Valence of dessolation for Fe
+Z4 = 3 // Valence of dessolation for Ti
+Z5 = 4 // Valence of dessolation for Si
+Z6 = 2 // Valence of dessolation for Mn
+Z7 = 1 // Valence of dessolation for Cu
+// Above values are given in table 6.3 in the book
+D = 100/((p1/D1)+(p2/D2)+(p3/D3)+(p4/D4)+(p5/D5)+(p6/D6)+(p7/D7))
+Q = ((0.1035*(10^-2))/D)*(1/((p1*Z1/A1)+(p2*Z2/A2)+(p3*Z3/A3)+(p4*Z4/A4)+(p5*Z5/A5)+(p6*Z6/A6)+(p7*Z7/A7)))
+R = Q*I*60
+printf("\n Removal rate = %f cm^3/min",R)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..820a17025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.4 #
+
+ Removal rate = 2.152707 cm^3/min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81cd16fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+V = 10 // DC supply voltage in Volt
+k = 0.2 // Conductivity of electrolyte in ohm^-1-cm^-1
+f = 0.1 // Feed rate in m/min
+Vo = 1.5 // Total overvoltage in Volt
+F = 96500 // Faraday constant in coulombs per mole
+// Sample Problem 5 on page no. 352
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.5 # \n")
+A = 55.85 // Atomic gram weight of iron in gm
+Z = 2 // Valency of dissolation of iron
+rho = 7.86 // Density of iron in gm/cm^3
+Yc = k*A*(V-Vo)/(rho*Z*F*(f/60))
+printf("\n Equilibrium gap = %f cm",Yc)
+
+// Answer in the book is given as 0.04 cm
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5eb7ed8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.5 #
+
+ Equilibrium gap = 0.037553 cm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2d86b1f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+S_I1 = 5 // Surface irregulation in micro meter
+S_I2 = 8 // Surface irregulation in micro meter
+V = 12 // DC supply voltage in Volt
+k = 0.2 // Conductivity of electrolyte in ohm^-1-cm^-1
+Vo = 1.5 // Total overvoltage in Volt
+F = 96500 // Faraday constant in coulombs per mole
+// Sample Problem 6 on page no. 353
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.6 # \n")
+Y_min = (S_I1+S_I2)*(10^(-4))
+A = 55.85 // Atomic gram weight of iron in gm
+Z = 2 // Valency of dissolation of iron
+D = 7.86 // Density of iron in gm/cm^3
+f_max = (k*A*(V-Vo)/(Z*D*F*Y_min))*60
+printf("\n Largest passible feed rate = %f mm/min",f_max*10)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31798e145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.6 #
+
+ Largest passible feed rate = 35.683752 mm/min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f600821a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+f = 0.2 // Feed rate in cm/min
+l = 2.54 // Length of tool face in cm
+w = 2.54 // Width of tool face in cm
+T_b = 95 // Boiling temperature of electrolyte in °C
+Nita = 0.876e-3 // Viscosity of electrolyte in kg/m-sec
+D_e = 1.088 // Density of electrolyte in g/cm^3
+c = .997 // Specific heat of electrolyte
+V = 10 // DC supply voltage in Volt
+k = 0.2 // Conductivity of electrolyte in ohm^-1-cm^-1
+T = 35 // Ambient temperature in °C
+Vo = 1.5 // Total overvoltage in Volt
+F = 96500 // Faraday constant in coulombs per mole
+// Sample Problem 7 on page no. 355
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.7 # \n")
+A = 55.85 // Atomic gram weight of iron in gm
+Z = 2 // Valency of dissolation of iron
+D = 7.86 // Density of iron in gm/cm^3
+Ye = k*A*(V-Vo)*60/(D*Z*F*f)
+J = k*(V-Vo)/(Ye)
+D_T = T_b -T
+v = (J^2)*(l)/(k*D_T*D_e*c)
+Re = ((D_e*v*2*Ye)/Nita)*(0.1)
+p = 0.3164*D_e*(v^2)*l/(4*Ye*(Re^0.25))*(10^-4)
+A = l*w
+F = p*A*(10^-1)*(1/2)
+printf("\n Total force acting on the tool = %d N",F)
+// Answer in the book is given as 79 N
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..214bb5628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.7 #
+
+ Total force acting on the tool = 103 N \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e206f6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+x = poly(0,"x")
+// Given that
+y = 10+0.3*x-0.05*x^2//Equation of geometry of workpiece surface
+V = 15 // Applied potential in Volt
+f = 0.75 // Feed velocity in cm/min
+k = 0.2 // Conductivity of electrolyte in ohm^-1-cm^-1
+Vo = 0.67 // Total overvoltage in Volt
+F = 96500 // Faraday constant in coulombs per mole
+// Sample Problem 8 on page no. 361
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.8 # \n")
+A = 63.57 // Atomic gram weight of copper in gm
+Z = 1 // Valency of dissolation of copper
+D = 8.96 // Density of copper in gm/cm^3
+lambda = k*A*(V-Vo)/(D*Z*F)
+r = lambda/(f/(10*60))
+Y = 10 + 0.3*(x-(r*((0.3-0.1*x)/(1-0.1*r)))) - 0.05*(x-(r*((0.3-.1*x)/(1-0.1*r))))^2 - r
+printf("\n The equation of required tool geometry is :-\n y =")
+disp(Y)
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..983c4a866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 6.8 #
+
+ The equation of required tool geometry is :-
+ y =
+ 2
+ 9.8158651 + 0.3103759x - 0.0517293x
+ \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd148f607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+a = 10 // Side length of a square hole in mm
+t = 5 // Thickness of low carbon steel plate in mm
+R = 50 // Resistance in relaxation circuit in ohm
+C = 10 // Capacitance in relaxation circuit in micro F
+V = 200 // Supply voltage in Volt
+V_ = 150 // Minimum required voltage for discharge in Volt
+// Sample Problem 9 on page no. 378
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 6.9 # \n")
+E = (1/2)*C*(10^-6)*(V_^2)
+tc = R*C*(10^-6)*log(V/(V-V_))
+W = (E/tc)*(10^-3)
+v = t*a^2
+Q = 27.4*(W^(1.54))
+T = v/Q
+printf("\n The time required to complete the drilling operation = %d min",T)
+// Answer in the book is given as 306 min
diff --git a/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.txt b/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78576f43d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 6.9 #
+
+ The time required to complete the drilling operation = 300 min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c0006ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+F = 4e-6 // Maximum feature dimension in meter
+t = 5e-6 // Photorist thickness in meter
+g = 25e-6 // Allowable gap between the mask and the resist meter
+// Sample Problem 1 on page no. 432
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 7.1 # \n")
+lambda = (F^2)/(t+g)
+printf("\n Maximum allowable wavelength of the exposing light = %d nm",lambda*(10^9))
+
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt b/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1871f35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+ # PROBLEM 7.1 #
+
+ Maximum allowable wavelength of the exposing light = 533 nm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d27f7efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+d = 5 // Diameter of hole in micro meter
+h = 100 // Depth of hole in micro meter
+// Sample Problem 2 on page no. 440
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 7.2 # \n")
+t = 31.58*(d*(exp(h/(60*d))-1))
+printf("\n Time required to machine the hole = %f min",t)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt b/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e38e73b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 7.2 #
+
+ Time required to machine the hole = 62.467202 min \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68c9241d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+J = 2 // The threshold value of dose in kJ/cm^3
+h = 300 // Height in micro meter
+// Sample Problem 3 on page no. 448
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 7.3 # \n")
+J_o = J*(exp(0.1*sqrt(h)))
+printf("\n The minimum level of exposure of the PMMA surface = %f kJ/cm^3",J_o)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt b/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..092111766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 7.3 #
+
+ The minimum level of exposure of the PMMA surface = 11.304467 kJ/cm^3 \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9c7f2b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc
+// Given that
+J_ = 2 // The threshold value of dose in kJ/cm^3
+J = 15 // The dose of top surface in kJ/cm^3
+x_ = 300 // Depth below the surface in micro meter
+// Sample Problem 4 on page no. 4
+printf("\n # PROBLEM 7.4 # \n")
+function y=f(x),y = 3/((J*(exp(-0.1*sqrt(x))))^(1.6)-3),
+endfunction
+t = intg(0,x_,f)
+printf("\n The time required to develop the PMMA resist = %d min",t)
+
diff --git a/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt b/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fd4dd4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3250/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ # PROBLEM 7.4 #
+
+ The time required to develop the PMMA resist = 157 min \ No newline at end of file