diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3871/CH6')
29 files changed, 803 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c952ce3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 1
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Im = 50*10^-6; //full scale deflection current in A
+Rm = 1000; //instrument resistance in Ω
+I = 1; //total current to be measured in A
+
+//calculations
+Rs = (Rm/((I/(Im))-1)); //resistance of ammeter in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of ammeter shunt required Rs = %3.7f Ω",Rs);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..301e16ada --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 10
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+alpha0 = 0.0043;
+t1 = 25; //temperature in °C
+t2 = 45; //temperature in °C
+e = 1.1; //percentage error in %
+
+//calculations
+R1 = ((1+(alpha0*t2))/(1+(alpha0*t2)));
+//r1 = R1*r
+//I2 = V/r1+R
+//e = (I1-I2)/100
+//I2 = 0.989I1
+//I2 = V/1.0776r+R
+//I1 = V/R+r
+//V/(1.0776r+R) = 0.989V/R+r
+//R/r = 5.96
+x = 5.96;
+
+//result
+mprintf("R/r= %3.2f",x);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7185446c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 11
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm1 = 1000; //resistance of ammeter of A1 in Ω
+Rs1 = 0.05; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A1 in Ω
+Rm2 = 1500; //resistance of ammeter of A2 in Ω
+Rs2 = 0.02; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A2 in Ω
+I =10; //current in A
+
+//calculations
+//in normal connecetion
+I1 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm1))*I; //current through in A
+I2 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm2))*I; //current through in A
+//when shunts are interchanged
+I11 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm1))*I; //current through in A
+I12 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm2))*I; //current through in A
+A1 = (I11/(I1))*I; //current through ammeter in A
+A2 = (I12/(I2))*I; //current through ammeter in A
+
+//calculations
+
+mprintf("reading of ammeter A1 = %3.0d A",A1)
+mprintf("\nreading of ammeter A2 = %3.0f A",A2);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b79b80f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 12
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rv = 2400; //resistance in Ω
+L =0.6; //instrument inductace in H
+f = 60; //frequency in Hz
+
+//calculations
+XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //instrument reactance in Ω
+Z = sqrt((Rv^2)+(XL^2)); //instrument impedance in Ω
+//when the instrument range is extended from 120V to 600V the impedance will have to be made 5 times in order to have the same current
+//math.sqrt((RV**2)+XL^2) = 5*Z
+x = (5*Z)^2;
+y = XL^2;
+z = x-y;
+a = (sqrt(z));
+R = a-Rv; //series resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("instrument reactance = %3.1f Ω",XL);
+mprintf("\nseries resistance = %3.2f Ω",R);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b37087a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 13
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Cv = 70*10^-12; //capacitance in F
+V =10000; //electrostatic measurement in V
+Vv = 100; //reading in V
+
+//calculations
+Vc = V-Vv; //voltage across series capacitor in V
+//since the capacitors are connected in series ,te charge on each is same
+//Vv*Cv = Vc*C
+C = (Vv*Cv)/(Vc); //capacitance in uuF
+
+//result
+mprintf("capacitance of the condenser = %3.4f uuF ",(C*10^12));
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44f02a118 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 14
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm =40; //resistance in Ω
+Im = 1; //current in mA
+I1 = 10; //current in mA
+I2 = 20; //current in mA
+I3 = 30; //current in mA
+I4 = 40; //current in mA
+I5 = 50; //current in mA
+
+//calculations
+R1 = Rm/(((I1/(Im)))-1);
+R2 = (R1+Rm)/(((I2/(Im))));
+R3 = (R1+Rm)/(((I3/(Im))));
+R4 = (R1+Rm)/(((I4/(Im))));
+R5 = (R1+Rm)/(((I5/(Im))));
+r1 = R1-R2; //resistance in Ω
+r2 = R2-R3; //resistance in Ω
+r3 = R3-R4; //resistance in Ω
+r4 = R4-R5; //resistance in Ω
+r5 = R5; //resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance of various section of the ayrtons shunt are = %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω ",r1,r2,r3,r4,r5);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea9c1d7a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 15
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Si = 0.1*10^-3; //current sensitivity in mA
+Rm = 500; //meter resistance in Ω
+V1 = 10; //full -scale voltage in V
+V2 =50; //volage range in V
+V3 =100; //volage range in V
+V4 =500; //volage range in V
+
+//calculations
+Sv = (1/(Si))*10^-3; //voltage sensitivity in Ω/V
+Rm1 =500*10**-3; //Rm in kΩ
+RT1 = Sv*V1; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R1 = RT1-Rm1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT2 = Sv*V2; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R2 = RT2-Rm1-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT3 = Sv*V3; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R3 = RT3-Rm1-R2-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ
+RT4 = Sv*V4; //total resistance required in kΩ
+R4 = RT4-Rm1-R1-R2-R3; //additional resistance in kΩ
+
+//result
+mprintf("additional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R1);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R2);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R3);
+mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R4);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b36d3eec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example16
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Tp = 1; //numberof turns on primary
+Ts = 200; //numberof turns on secondary
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Zs = 1; // secondary burden in Ω
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+a = 0.0011; //cross sectional area of core in m**2
+S = 0.91; //stamping faactor
+KT =200; //turns ratio
+M =80; //ampere turns
+Vs =5; //voltage
+
+//calculations
+Vs = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in V
+phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux in the core in mWb
+A = a*S; //net crss sectional area in m**2
+Bmax = phimax/(A); //flux density in the core in T
+Im = M/(Tp); //magnetising current in A
+Ip = sqrt(((KT*Is)^2)+(Im**2)); //primary current in A
+Ir = Ip/(Is); //current ratio
+b = ((180/(%pi))*(Im/(KT*Is))); //phase angle in °(degrees)
+
+//result
+mprintf("flux density in the core = %3.4f T",Bmax);
+mprintf("\ncurrent ratio = %3.2f",Ir);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..007efa6d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 17
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary
+KT = 200; //turns ratio
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Rs = 1.5; //secondary burden in Ω
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L =1.5; //iron loss in Watts
+Ie = 40; //current in A
+
+//calculaations
+Ts = KT*Tp; //number of turns in secondary
+Vs = Is*Rs; //secondary voltage in V
+phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux inn the core in mWb
+Il = L/(Vs); //iron-loss in the secondary side in A
+Ip = KT*Il; //iron-loss current in primary side in A
+x =(KT*Is)+Ie;
+e = ((-Ie/((x))))*100; //ratio error in %
+
+//result
+mprintf("flux in the core = %3.3e percentage mWb",(phimax*10^3));
+mprintf("\nratio error = %3.4f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dac1f964 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 18
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is =5; //current in A
+Zs =(1.5)+(%i*1) //secondary impedance Ω
+MMF = 100;
+Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts
+KN = 300; //turn ratio
+
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio
+Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts
+Es1 = sqrt(((real(Es))^2)+((imag(Es))^2));
+Im =MMF/Tp; //magnetising current in A
+E = Pi/Es1; //energy compnent of exciting current on secondary side in A
+Ie = KT*E; //energy compnent of exciting current on primary side in A
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2));
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im);
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi;
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs));
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi;
+KC = KT+((I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is); //actual current ratio
+e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //percentage ratio error in %
+b = (I01*cos((((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180)))/(KT*Is); //phase angle in radians
+b1 = b*(180/%pi);
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage ratio error =%3.2f percentage ",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b1);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f63da90ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 19
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 200; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is = 5; //current in A
+Zs = (1.2+0.2)+(%i*(0.5+0.3)); //secondary impedance Ω
+MMF = 100;
+Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts
+Ie = 50; //energy component of eddy current in A
+
+
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp //turn ratio
+//Es = Is*Zs //secondary voltage in volts
+Im =MMF/Tp //magnetising current in A
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2))
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im)
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs))
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi
+Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*sin(theta+alpha)) //primary current in A
+e = ((-I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Ip)*100 //ratio error
+N = (I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is //number of secondary turns to be reduced
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nnumber of secondary turns to be reduced = %3.0f ",N);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff969b20e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 2
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 1; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Rse = 4999; //series resistance in Ω
+V = 250; //full-scale deflection voltage in V
+Rs = 4999; //Shunt resistance in Ω(Rs =1/(499))
+I1 = 50; //full-scale defelction current in A
+
+//calculations
+Rs1 = 1/(Rs);
+Im = V/(Rm+Rse); //full-scale deflection current in A
+I = Im*(1+(Rm/Rs1)); //current in A
+N = I1/(Im);
+Rsh = Rm/(N-1); //shunt resistance in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("full-scale defelction current in Im = %3.2f A",Im);
+mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrument when used as an ammeter with coil connected across shunt is I = %3.2f A",I);
+mprintf("\nShunt resistance for the instrument to give a full-scale deflection of 50A is Rsh = %3.4f Ω",Rsh);
+
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..241d21cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 20
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declraration
+Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding
+Tp = 3; //number of turns in primary winding
+Is = 5; //current in A
+Zs = (0.583)+%i*(0.25); //secondary impedance Ω
+n1 =10;
+n2 =5;
+
+//calculations
+KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio
+Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts
+Nm = n1*Es; //total magnetising amp-turns
+Ni =n2*Es; //total iron loss amp-turns
+Im =Nm/Tp; //magnetising componenet of exciting current in A
+Ie = Ni/Tp; //
+I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A
+I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2))
+alpha = atan(Ie/Im); //energy component of exciting current in A
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs));
+theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi
+x = sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180)
+Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*x); //primary current in A
+y = cos(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180);
+b =(180/%pi)*((I01*y)/(KT*Is)); //phase angle
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("primary current = %3f. A",y);
+mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.3f ",b);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2ab474e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 21
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+R = 25; //rate burden in VA
+Is = 5; //current in A
+r = 6; //Rs/Es ratio of resistance to reactance
+IL = 0.2; //iron loss in W
+Im = 1.5; //magnetising compnent of current in A
+
+
+//calculations
+KT = 100/5; //turn ratio
+Es = R/Is; // Secondary rated voltage in V
+Zs = Es/Is; //total secondary impedance in Ω
+theta = (atan(1/r))*180/%pi; //angle in °
+Zs1 = (Zs*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Zs*sin(theta*%pi/180))*%i;
+Ie = KT*0.04; //energy component of exciting current on primary side
+r = (((Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180)))/((KT*Is)+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))))*100; //percentage ratio error in %
+beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in °
+
+//result
+mprintf("percentage ratio error = -%3.1f percentage",r);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",beta);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3795dce56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 22
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+r = 12.5; //rate burden in VA
+Is = 5' //secondary rated curret in A
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+L = 0.96*10^-3;
+Im = 16; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 12; //energy component of exciting current in A
+Is = 5; //secondary rated current in A
+
+
+//calculations
+KN = 1000/5; ///nominal ration
+KT = 196/1; //turn ratio
+Es = r/Is; //secondary rated voltage in V
+Zs = Es/Is; //secondary impedance in Ω
+Xs = 2*%pi*f*L; //secondary reactance in Ω
+theta = (asin(Xs/Zs))*180/%pi; //secondary circuit phase angle in °
+KC = KT+(((Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/Is);
+e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //ratio error
+beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in °
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage ",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f °",beta);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e562b68d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 23
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 8; //turn ratio
+Ie = 0; //current in A
+I0 = 0.08;
+R1 = 1.5; //resistance in Ω
+R2 = 0.4; //resistance in Ω
+L1 =60*10^-3; //inductance in H
+L2 =0.7*10^-3; //inductance in H
+f = 50; //frequency in Hz
+phi = 0; //angle in °
+
+//calculations
+Im = 0.01*KT; //Im = 1% of primary current = 0.01*Ip = 0.01*KT*Is
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //phase angle in radians
+R = R1+R2; //resistance of burden Ω
+L = L1+L2; //inductance in H
+theta = (atan((2*%pi*f*L)/R)*%pi/180); //phase angle in °
+KC = KT+((I0*sin(theta+alpha))/Is);
+KC = KT+((0.08*Is*sin(theta+alpha))/Is);
+KC = KT+(0.08*sin(theta+alpha)); //actual current ratio
+b = (I0*cos(theta+phi))/(KT*Is);
+
+//result
+mprintf("actual current ratio = %3.1f ",KC);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2d ",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a02c192fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 24
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 201; //turn ration
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 3; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+Kn = 1000/5; //nominal ratio
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //angle in °
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi;
+theta = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180);
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180);
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100;//ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is));
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.3f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44422862b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 25
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 201; //turn ration
+Ie = 3; //cross loss current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+
+theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180);
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180);
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100; //ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is));
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",b);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d15d7ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 26
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 199; //turn ration
+Is = 5; //secondary current in A
+Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A
+Ie = 4; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A
+delta =0;
+
+//calculations
+KN = 1000/5 //nominal ratio
+alpha =atan(Ie/Im) //angle in °
+alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi
+theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z = cos((theta*%pi)/180)
+z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180)
+Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Ie) //actual current in A
+e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100 //ratio error
+b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is))
+theta1 = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma
+z11 = cos((theta1*%pi)/180)
+z12 = sin(((theta1*%pi)/180))
+Kc1 = KT+(((Ie*z11)+(Im*z12))/Is) //actual current in A
+e1 = ((Kn-Kc1)/Kc1)*100 //ratio error
+b1 =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z11)-(Ie*z12))/(KT*Is))
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage",e);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.1f °",b);
+mprintf("\nratio error = %3.2f percentage",e1);
+mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f percentage°",b1);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82d173d3c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 27
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+KT = 198; //turn ratio
+e =0; //ratio error
+Is = 5; // secondary current in A
+P = 5; //load in VA
+Rs = 0.02; //resistance in Ω
+KN = 200; //KN=KC since e=0
+KC = 200;
+
+//calculations
+V2 = P/Is; //secondary voltage in V
+Es = V2+(Is*Rs); //secondary induced emf in V
+Ep = Es/KT; //primary induced emf
+Ie = (KC-KT)*Is; //eddy current loss in A
+IL = Ep*Ie; //iron loss in W
+
+//result
+mprintf("iron loss = %3.3f mW",(IL*10^3));
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e82e9cf3b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 28
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vs = 100+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V
+Rp = 97.5; //primary resistance in Ω
+Xp = 67.4; //primary reactance in Ω
+X1 = 110; // total equivalent reactance in Ω
+K =1000/100;
+
+
+
+//calculations
+//Es = Vs+(Is*(Rs+Xs*%i);
+Es = Vs;
+Ep = 10*(100+0*%i); //induced emf in primary winding in V
+I0 = 0.02*(0.4-0.9165*%i); //no load current in A
+Zp = Rp+Xp*%i;
+Vd = I0*Zp;
+Vp = Ep+Vd;
+beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle between primary and secondary voltage in °
+Xs1 = X1-Xp; //reactance of secondary winding in Ω
+//Es = Vs+(Is*Zs); //induced emf in secondary winding
+//IP = (Is/10)+I0;
+//V = Ip*Zp = (IS/10)+0.008-0.01833*i
+//V = (9.75*Is)+2.015)-((1.2478-6.74*Is)*%i).....equation 1
+//Vp = K*(ES+IP*ZP)
+//VP =(1002.015+18.35*%i)-(1.2478-11*Is)*%i....equation 2
+//comparing equation 1 and 2 we get
+//1.2478-11*Is =0;
+Is = 1.2478/11; //secondary current in A
+v = Vs*Is;
+
+//result
+mprintf("phase angle between primary and secondary voltage = %3.2f ° lagging",beta);
+mprintf("\nvolt ampere rating for zero phase angle = %3.2f",v);
+mprintf("\nnote:Is values is taken as 0.114 wchich is approximate when answer is 0.1134");
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0c21455 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//============================================================================
+//Chapter 6 Example 29
+
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Vs = 63+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V
+Zs1 = 2+1*%i; //equivalent mpedance referred to prmary in Ω
+Zb = 100+200*%i; //secondary burden in Ω
+KN =60.5;
+
+
+
+//calculations
+KT = 3810/63; //turn ratio
+Ep = KT*Vs; //primary induced emf in V
+Zp1 = (KT^2)*Zs1; //equivalent impedance
+Zs12 = sqrt(((real(Zp1))^2)+((imag(Zp1))^2));
+Is = Vs/Zb; //secondary current in A
+Is1 = sqrt(((real(Is))^2)+((imag(Is))^2));
+Ip = Is/KT; //primary current in A
+Ip1 = sqrt(((real(Ip))^2)+((imag(Ip))^2));
+Vp = Ep+(Ip*Zp1); //applied voltage to primary in V
+Vp1 = sqrt(((real(Vp))^2)+((imag(Vp))^2));
+beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle error in °
+e = (((KN*Vs)-Vp)/Vp)*100; //ratio error in percentage
+//beta = (atan((imag(Zp1))/real(Zp1)))*180/%pi;
+
+//result
+mprintf("phase angle error = %3.2f °",beta);
+mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage ",e);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07b5c8a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 3
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 10; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Im = 0.05; //full scale defelection current in A
+I =100; //current to be measured in A
+V = 750; //voltage to be measured in V
+
+//calculations
+R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω
+N = I/(Im); //power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω
+
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance to be connected in series to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",R);
+mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",Rs);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d4882412 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 4
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 5; //instrument resistance in Ω
+Im = 15*10^-3; //full scale defelection current in A
+I =1; //current to be measured in A
+V = 10; //voltage to be measured in V
+
+//calculations
+N = I/(Im); //power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω
+R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("resistance to be connected in parallel to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",Rs);
+mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4643bc66c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 5
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 2; //instrument coil resistance in Ω
+V = 250; //full-scale reading in V
+Rs = 5000; //series resistance in Ω
+Rsh = 2*10^-3; //shunt resistance in Ω
+
+
+//calculations
+Im = V/((Rm+Rs)); //current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection in A
+Is = (Im*Rm)/(Rsh); //current through shunt resistance in A
+I = Im+Is; //current range of instrument in A
+
+//result
+mprintf("current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection is %3.5fA",Im);
+mprintf("\ncurrent through shunt resistance is %3.2f A",Is);
+mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrumentis %3.1f A",I);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c831c704d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 6
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rsh = 0.02; //shunt resistance in Ω
+V = 0.5; //potential difference across the shunt in V
+Rm = 1000; //resistance in Ω
+I1 = 10; //current in A
+I2 = 75; //current in A
+I = 100; //current in A
+x = 40; //deflection %
+
+//calculations
+Is = V/(Rs); //current through shunt in A
+Im = V/(Rm); //current through ammeter for full-scale defelction in A
+V1 = I1*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 10A in V
+R1 = V1/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+V2 = I2*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 75A in V
+R2 = V2/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+I3 = I*(100/(x)); //full-scale defelction current when 100 A gives 40% defelction
+V3 = I3*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 250 A in V
+R3 = V3/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction in Ω
+
+
+//result
+mprintf("current through ammeter for full-scale defelction is %3.2f mA",(Im*10^3));
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R1);
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R2);
+mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R3);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc6fa14bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 7
+
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+B = 0.5; //flux density of the magnetic field in Wb/m**2
+N = 100; //number of turns in coil
+l = 0.04; //length in m
+r =0.03; //width in m
+Tc = 120*10^-6; //controlling torque in N-m
+v = 1; //volts per division in V
+n = 100; //number of division on full-scale
+Rm = 0;
+
+//calculations
+x =B*N*l*r;
+I = Tc/(x); //current for full-scale deflection in A
+V = n*v; //full-scale reading of instrument in V
+R = (V/(I))-(Rm); //External resistance required to be put in series with the coil in Ω
+
+//result
+mprintf("current for full-scale deflection is %3.3f A",I);
+mprintf("\nExternal resistance required to be put in series with the coil is %3.2f Ω",R);
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb2005137 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 8
+clc;clear all;
+
+
+//variable decalaration
+Rm = 5; //coil resistance in Ω
+Rm1 = 0.00075; //coil resistance in Ω
+Im = 0.015; //full-scale defelction current in A
+I = 100; //current to be measured in A
+T1 = 0.004; //temperature coeficient of copper in Ω/Ω/°C
+T2 = 0.00015; //temperature coeficient of manganin in Ω/Ω/°C
+T =10; //rise in temperature in °C
+
+//calculations
+N = I/(Im); //multiplying power of shunt
+Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance of manganin shunt in Ω
+Rc = Rm*(1+(T1*T)); //coil resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω
+Rsh = Rm1*(1+(T2*T)); //shunt resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω
+In = (Rsh/((Rc+Rsh)))*100; //new instrument current in A
+r = (In/(Im))*100; //new instrument reading in A
+e = ((r-I)/(I))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+
+//result
+mprintf('percentage error %3.3f percentage",e);
+
diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c7e59fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===========================================================================
+//chapter 6 example 9
+clc;clear all;
+
+//variable declaration
+Rm = 25; //instrument resistance in Ω
+V = 25*10^-3; //full-scale deflection voltage in V
+V1 = 10; //voltage to be measured in V
+t = 10;
+alphac = 0.004;
+alpham = 0.00015;
+
+//calculations
+Im = V/(Rm); //full-scale deflection in mA
+R = (V1/(Im))-Rm; //external resistance in Ω
+Rt = Rm+R;
+Rm1 = Rm*(1+(alphac*t)); //instrument resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω
+R1 = R*(1+(alpham*t)); //series resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω
+R2 = Rm1+R1; //total resistance in the voltmeter circuit in Ω
+V2 = V1*(Rt/(R2)); //reading of voltmeter at 10°C rise in temerature in V
+er = ((V2-V1)/(V1))*100; //percentage error in %
+
+//reult
+mprintf('percentage error = %3.2f percentage",er);
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