Initial commit

16 files changed, 3852 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/1-Relativity_I.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/1-Relativity_I.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..642bc32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/1-Relativity_I.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 1: Relativity I"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.10: Relative_velocity_of_recession_of_two_gang_leaders.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.10: Pg 30-31 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// For simplification assume velocity of light equal to unity\n",
+"c = 1;                     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"ux = 0.75*c;                // Velocity of pack leader alpha, m/s\n",
+"gama = 1/(sqrt(1 - (ux/c)^2));\n",
+"u_x = 0;                   // Velocity component of beta measured in S frame, m/s\n",
+"U_x = (u_x - ux)/(1 - u_x*ux/c^2);        // Velocity component of beta along X-axis measured in S' frame, (Velocity Addition Rule), m/s\n",
+"u_y = -0.90*c;                   // Velocity component of beta long Y-axis measured in S frame\n",
+"U_y = u_y/(gama*(1 - u_x*ux/c^2));   // Velocity component of beta along Y-axis measured in S' frame, m/s\n",
+"U = sqrt(U_x^2+U_y^2);      // Relative velocity of recession of two gang leaders, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nThe relative velocity of recession of two gang leaders = %4.2fc', U);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The relative velocity of recession of two gang leaders = 0.96c "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.2: Period_of_the_pendulum_wrt_different_frames_of_references.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.2: Pg.18 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;      // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"v = 0.95*c;     // Velocity of observer, m/s\n",
+"T_proper = 3;   //  Proper time period of pendulum in rest frame, s\n",
+"gama = 1/(sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2));       // Multiplying factor\n",
+"// From time-dilation formula, we have\n",
+"T = gama*T_proper;                  // Time period of pendulum w.r.t to moving observer, s\n",
+"printf('\nTime period of pendulum w.r.t to moving observer = %3.1f s', T);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Time period of pendulum w.r.t to moving observer = 9.6 s"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.3: Contraction_of_spaceship.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.3: Pg 20 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"L_p = 100;                  // Proper length of spaceship, m\n",
+"v = 0.99*c;                 // Velocity of spaceship, m/s\n",
+"// Using length contracction formula,\n",
+"L = L_p*sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2);                    // Observed length of spaceship, m\n",
+"printf('Observed length of spaceship = %2d m', L);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Observed length of spaceship = 14 m"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.4: Altitude_of_spaceship_wrt_different_frames_of_references.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.4: Pg 20 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"L_p = 435;                  // Proper altitude of spaceship, m\n",
+"v = 0.970*c;                 // Velocity of spaceship, m/s\n",
+"// Using length contracction formula,\n",
+"L = L_p*sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2);                    // Observed altitude of spaceship, m\n",
+"printf('Observed altitude of spaceship = %2d m', ceil(L));\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Observed altitude of spaceship = 106 m"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.5: Shape_of_spaceship_seen_from_different_frames_of_references.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.5: Pg 20 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"L_p = 50;                   // Proper distance between points x & y of spaceship, m\n",
+"v = 0.950*c;                 // Velocity of spaceship, m/s\n",
+"// Using length contracction formula,\n",
+"L = L_p*sqrt(1 - (v/c)^2);                    // Observed distance between points x & y of spaceship, m\n",
+"printf('\nObserved distance between points x and y of spaceship = %4.1f m', L);\n",
+"printf('\nThe spaceship will get contracted in the direction of motion');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Observed distance between points x and y of spaceship = 15.6 m\n",
+"// The spaceship will get contracted in the direction of motion "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.6: Speed_of_recession_of_the_galaxy_Hydra.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.6: Pg 25 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// For simplification assume velocity of light equal to unity\n",
+"c = 1                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"lamda_obs = 474e-09;         // Wavelength measured by observer, m\n",
+"lamda_source = 394e-09;       // Wavelength measured in the source's rest frame, m\n",
+"v = ((lamda_obs^2 - lamda_source^2)/(lamda_obs^2 + lamda_source^2))*c;                    // Receding velocity of Hydra, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nReceding velocity of Hydra = %5.3fc m/s', v);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Receding velocity of Hydra = 0.183c m/s "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.8: Relative_velocity_of_spaceships.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.8: Pg 30 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// For simplification assume velocity of light equal to unity\n",
+"c = 1;                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"v = 0.750*c;             // Velocity of spaceship A relative to S frame, m/s\n",
+"u_x = (-0.850)*c;        // Velocity of spaceship B relative to S frame, m/s\n",
+"// Using Lorentz velocity transformation\n",
+"U_x = (u_x - v)/(1 - u_x*v/c^2);               // Velocity of spaceship B with respect to spaceship A, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nVelocity of spaceship B with respect to spaceship A = %6.4fc m/s', U_x);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Velocity of spaceship B with respect to spaceship A = -0.9771c m/s"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.9: Velocity_of_ball_wrt_stationary_observer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex1.9: Pg 30 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// For simplification assume velocity of light equal to unity\n",
+"c = 1;                   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"v = 0.800*c;             // Velocity of motorcycle w.r.t stationary observer, m/s\n",
+"U_x = 0.700*c;           // Velocity of ball in the reference frame of motorcyclist, m/s\n",
+"// Using  inverse Lorentz velocity transformation\n",
+"u_x = (U_x + v)/(1 + U_x*v/ c^2);                 // Velocity of ball relative to stationary observer, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nVelocity of ball relative to stationary observer = %6.4fc m/s', u_x);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Velocity of ball relative to stationary observer = 0.9615c m/s"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/10-Statistical_Physics.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/10-Statistical_Physics.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c269d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/10-Statistical_Physics.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: Statistical Physics"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: Population_of_excited_states_with_respect_to_ground_states_in_Hydrogen.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.1: Pg 340 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"E1 = -13.6;    // Energy of ground state, eV\n",
+"E2 = -3.40;    // Energy of first excited state, eV\n",
+"E3 = -1.51;   // Energy of second excited state, eV\n",
+"g1 = 2;   // Degeneracy for ground state\n",
+"g2 = 8;   // Degeneracy for first excited state\n",
+"g3 = 18;    // Degeneracy for second excited state\n",
+"kB = 8.617e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"Ta = 300;   // Temperature, K\n",
+"// As n_2/n_1 = (g_2*A*e^(-E_2/(k_B*T)))/(g_1*A*e^(-E_1/(k_B*T))), on simplifying we get\n",
+"N21 = (g2/g1)*exp((E1 - E2)/(kB*Ta));    // The population of first excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at %3d K = %1d', Ta, N21);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"Tb = 20000;  // Temperature, K\n",
+"n21 = (g2/g1)*exp((E1 - E2)/(kB*Tb));   // The population of first excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"n31 = (g3/g1)*exp((E1 - E3)/(kB*Tb));    // The population of second excited state w.r.t ground state\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at %4d K = %6.4f', Tb, n21);\n",
+"printf('\nThe population of second excited state w.r.t ground state at %4d K = %6.4f', Tb, n31);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"E_strength = (g3/g2)*exp((E2 - E3)/(kB*Tb));   // Emission strength\n",
+"printf('\nEmission strength of spectral lines = %3.2f', E_strength);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at 300 K = 0\n",
+"// The population of first excited state w.r.t. ground state at 20000 K = 0.0108\n",
+"// The population of second excited state w.r.t ground state at 20000 K = 0.0081\n",
+"// Emission strength of spectral lines = 0.75 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: Validity_of_Maxwell_Boltzmann_Statistics.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.2: Pg 345 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"N = 6.02e+23;    // Number of molecules at STP\n",
+"m = 3.34e-27;   // Mass of H-molecule, kg\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-34;   // Reduced Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"V = 22.4e-03;     // Volume occupied by molecules at STP, m^3\n",
+"T = 273;    // Absolute temperature, K\n",
+"k_B = 13.8e-24;    // Boltzmann constant, J/K\n",
+"x_H = N/V*h_cross^3/(8*(m*k_B*T)^(3/2));    // Particle concentration at STP\n",
+"printf('\nx_H = %4.2e', x_H);\n",
+"if (x_H < 1)\n",
+"printf('\nThe criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics is satisfied in hydrogen.');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"d_Ag = 10.5;   // Density of silver, g/m^3\n",
+"M_Ag = 107.9;   // Molar weight of silver, g\n",
+"NV_Ag = (d_Ag/M_Ag)*(6.02e+023)*1e+06;    // Density of free electrons in silver, electrons/m^3\n",
+"me = 9.109e-031;    // Mass of an electron, kg\n",
+"T = 300;    // Room temperature, K\n",
+"x_Ag = ((NV_Ag)*h_cross^3)/(8*(me*k_B*T)^(3/2));   // Particle concentration at STP\n",
+"printf('\nx_Ag = %4.2f', x_Ag);\n",
+"if (x_Ag > 1)\n",
+"printf('\nThe criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics does not hold for electrons in silver');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// x_H = 8.84e-08\n",
+"// The criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics is satisfied in hydrogen.\n",
+"// x_Ag = 37.13\n",
+"// The criterion for the validity of Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics does not hold for electrons in silver "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: Photons_in_a_box.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.3: Pg 352 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"I = integrate('z^2/(exp(z)-1)', 'z', 0, 100); // Integral value\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T = 3000;    // Temperature, K\n",
+"h = 4.136e-15;    // Plank's constant, eV\n",
+"c = 3e+10;    // Velocity of light, cm/s\n",
+"N_V = 8*%pi*((k_B*T)/(h*c))^3*I;    // Number of photons/cc\n",
+"printf('\nThe density of photons inside the cavity = %4.2fe+11 photons/cc', N_V*1e-11);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The density of photons inside the cavity = 5.47e+11 photons/cc"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.4: Specific_Heat_of_Diamond.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.4: Pg 356 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T_E = 1300;    // Temperature, K\n",
+"h_cross = 6.58e-16;   // Reduced plank's constant, eV-s\n",
+"omega = (k_B*T_E)/h_cross;    // Frequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond, Hz\n",
+"spacing = (h_cross*omega);   // Spacing between adjacent oscillator energy level, eV\n",
+"printf('\nFrequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond = %4.2e Hz', omega);\n",
+"printf('\nSpacing between adjacent oscillator energy level = %5.3f eV', spacing);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"T_R = 300;    // Room temperature, K\n",
+"p = exp((h_cross*omega)/(k_B*T_R));  // For simplication\n",
+"E_R = (h_cross*omega)/(p-1);   // Average energy of oscillator at room temperature, eV\n",
+"T = 1500;   // Temperature, K\n",
+"q = exp((h_cross*omega)/(k_B*T));    // For simplication\n",
+"E_bar = (h_cross*omega)/(q-1);    // Average energy at 1500 K, eV\n",
+"printf('\nAverage energy of oscillator at room temperature = %7.5f eV', E_R);\n",
+"printf('\nAverage oscillator energy at %4d K = %7.5f eV', T, E_bar);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Frequency of vibration of carbon atom in diamond = 1.70e+14 Hz\n",
+"// Spacing between adjacent oscillator energy level = 0.112 eV\n",
+"// Average energy of oscillator at room temperature = 0.00149 eV\n",
+"// Average oscillator energy at 1500 K = 0.0813 eV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.5: Fermi_Energy_of_Gold.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex10.5: Pg 360 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"h = 6.625e-34;   // Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;   // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"density = 19.32/(1e-02)^3;   // Density of gold, g/m^3\n",
+"weight = 197;     // Molar weight, g/mol\n",
+"N_V = (density/weight)*6.02e+23;   // Number of electrons per mole\n",
+"E_F = (h^2/(2*m_e*1.6e-19))*((3*(N_V))/(8*%pi))^(2/3);   // Fermi energy of Gold at 0 K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi energy of Gold at 0 K = %4.2f eV', E_F); \n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"v_F = sqrt((2*E_F*1.6e-19)/m_e);   // Fermi speed of Gold at 0 K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi speed of Gold at 0 K = %4.2fe+06 m/s', v_F*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"T_F = (E_F)/(k_B);    // Fermi temperature for Gold at 0 K, K\n",
+"printf('\nFermi temperature for Gold at 0 K = %5d K', T_F);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Fermi energy of Gold at 0 K = 5.53 eV\n",
+"// Fermi speed of Gold at 0 K = 1.39fe+06 m/s\n",
+"// Fermi temperature for Gold at 0 K = 64201 K"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/11-Molecular_Structure.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/11-Molecular_Structure.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e674f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/11-Molecular_Structure.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 11: Molecular Structure"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.1: Rotation_of_CO_molecule.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex11.1: Pg 380 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"f = 1.15e+11;   // Frequency of transitions, Hz\n",
+"omega = 2*(%pi)*f;    // Angular frequency of absorbed radiations, Hz\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-34;   // Reduced planks constant, J-s\n",
+"// Since E = (h_cross)^2/I_CM = h_cross*omega, solving for I_CM\n",
+"I_CM = h_cross/omega;   // Moment of inertia of molecule about its center of mass, kg-m^2\n",
+"printf('\nThe moment of inertia of molecule about its center of mass = %4.2e kg-m^2', I_CM);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"m_O = 16;   // Mass of oxygen atom, a.m.u\n",
+"m_C = 12;    // Mass of carbon atom, a.m.u\n",
+"mu = ( m_O * m_C *0.166e-26)/(m_O + m_C);       // Reduced mass, kg\n",
+"// Since I_CM = mew*R_o^2, solving for R_o\n",
+"R_0 = sqrt(I_CM/mu);    // Bond length of carbon monoxide molecule, m \n",
+"printf('\nThe bond length of carbon monoxide molecule = %5.3f nm', R_0/1e-09);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The moment of inertia of molecule about its center of mass = 1.46e-046 kg-m^2\n",
+"// The bond length of carbon monoxide molecule = 0.113 nm "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.2: Variation_of_CO_molecule.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex11.2: Pg 383 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"f = 6.42e+13;   // Frequency of absorption, Hz\n",
+"omega = 2*(%pi)*f;   // Angular frequency of absorbed radiations, Hz\n",
+"mu = 1.14e-26;    // Reduced mass of CO molecule, kg\n",
+"K = mu*(omega^2);    // Effective force constant of CO molecule, N/m\n",
+"printf('\nThe effective force constant of CO molecule = %4.2e N/m', K);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-34;   // Reduced Planck's constant, J-s\n",
+"A = sqrt(h_cross/(mu*omega));   // Amplitude of vibrations, m\n",
+"printf('\nThe amplitude of vibrations = %7.5f nm', A/1e-09);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The effective force constant of CO molecule = 1.85e+003 N/m\n",
+"// The amplitude of vibrations = 0.00479 nm "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/12-The_Solid_State.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/12-The_Solid_State.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8926ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/12-The_Solid_State.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 12: The Solid State"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.1: Classical_free_electron_model.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex12.1: Pg 418 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"k_B = 1.38e-23;   // Boltzmann constat, J/K\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;    // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"T = 300;   // Temperature, K\n",
+"N_A = 6.023e+023;    // Avogadro's number\n",
+"v_rms = sqrt((3*k_B*T)/m_e);       // Root mean square velocity of electrons, m/s\n",
+"I = 10;   // Electric current, A\n",
+"A = 4e-06;    // Area of cross-section of copper wire, m^2\n",
+"J = I/A;   // Current density, A-m^(-2)\n",
+"d = 8.96;    // Density of copper at room temperature, g/cc\n",
+"M = 63.5;    // Atomic mass of Cu, g\n",
+"n = d*N_A/M*1e+06;    // Number of electrons per metre cube\n",
+"e = 1.6e-19;    // Charge on electron, C\n",
+"v_d = J/(n*e);    // Drift velocity, m/s\n",
+"v_d_rms  = v_d/v_rms;    // Ratio of drift speed to rms speed\n",
+"printf('\nThe ratio of drift speed to rms speed is = %3.1e', v_d_rms);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"L = 2.6e-10;\n",
+"tau = L/v_rms;   // Average time between two collisions, s\n",
+"printf('\nAverage time between two collisions = %2.2e s', tau);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"sigma = (n*e^2*L)/sqrt(3*k_B*T*m_e);  // Conductivity of copper, per ohm-m\n",
+"printf('\nConductivity of copper at room temperature = %3.1e per ohm-m', sigma);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The ratio of drift speed to rms speed is = 1.6e-009\n",
+"// Average time between two collisions = 2.23e-015 s\n",
+"// Conductivity of copper at room temperature = 5.3e+006 per ohm-m "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.2: Conduction_in_diamond.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex12.2: Pg 429 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"V = 7;    // Energy gap, V\n",
+"L = 5e-08;   // Mean free path , m\n",
+"E = V/L;   // Electric field, V/m\n",
+"printf('\nThe electric field strength required to produce conduction in diamond = %3.1fe+08 V/m', E*1e-08);\n",
+"printf('\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The electric field strength required to produce conduction in diamond = 1.4e+08 V/m"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.3: Forward_and_reverse_currents_in_diode.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex12.3: Pg 436 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"e_V = 1;    // Energy applied to diode, eV\n",
+"k_B_T = 0.025;   // Product of Boltzmann constant and temperature, eV\n",
+"// For simplicity let (q*V)/(k_B*T) = x\n",
+"x = (e_V/(k_B_T));\n",
+"I_f_r = (exp(x)-1)/(exp(-x)-1);   // Ratio of forward current to reverse current in diode\n",
+"printf('\nThe ratio of forward current to reverse current in diode = %3.1fe+17', I_f_r*1e-17);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The ratio of forward current to reverse current in diode = -2.4e+17 "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/13-Nuclear_Structure.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/13-Nuclear_Structure.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..192dcd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/13-Nuclear_Structure.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 13: Nuclear Structure"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.11: Radioactive_Dating.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.11: Pg 490 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"T_half = 5370*3.6e+07;  // Half life of C-14, s\n",
+"lambda = 0.693/T_half;  // // Decay constant for C-14 disintegration, per sec\n",
+"N_C12 = 6.02e+023/12*25;    // Number of C-12 nuclei in 25.0 g of carbon\n",
+"N0_C14 = 1.3e-012*N_C12;    // Number of C-14 nuclei in 25.0 g of carbon before decay\n",
+"R0 = N0_C14*3.83e-012*60;  // Initial activty of the sample, decays/min\n",
+"R = 250;    // Present activity of the sample\n",
+"// As R = R0*exp(-lambda*t), solving for t\n",
+"t = -1/lambda*log(R/R0);    // Time during which the tree dies, s\n",
+"printf('\nThe lifetime of the tree = %3.1e yr', t/(365*24*60*60));\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The lifetime of the tree = 3.6e+03 yr "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.1: The_Atomic_Mass_Unit.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.1: Pg 466 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"M = 0.012;  // Atomic mass of carbon, kg\n",
+"N_A = 6.02e+023; // Avogadro's number\n",
+"m = M/N_A;   // Mass of one Carbon-12 atom, kg\n",
+"// As m = 12*u, twelve mass units, solving for u\n",
+"u = m/12;   // The atomic mass unit, kg\n",
+"printf('\nThe atomic mass unit = %4.2e kg', u);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The atomic mass unit = 1.66e-27 kg "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.2: The_Volume_and_Density_of_Nucleus.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.2: Pg 468 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"r0 = 1.2e-015;  // Nuclear mean radius, m\n",
+"m = 1.67e-027;  // Mass of the nucleon, kg\n",
+"rho_0 = 3*m/(4*%pi*r0^3);   // Density of the nucleus, kg per metre cube\n",
+"printf('\nThe mass of the nucleus = Am approx.');\n",
+"printf('\nThe volume of the nucleus = 4/3*pi*r0^3*A');\n",
+"printf('\nThe density of the nucleus = %3.1e kg per metre cube', rho_0);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The mass of the nucleus = Am approx.\n",
+"// The volume of the nucleus = 4/3*pi*r0^3*A\n",
+"// The density of the nucleus = 2.3e+17 kg per metre cube "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.3: Binding_energy_of_the_Deuteron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.3: Pg 473 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"M2 = 2.014102;  // Atomic mass of deuteron, u\n",
+"M_H = 1.007825; // Atomic mass of hydrogen, u\n",
+"m_n = 1.008665; // Mass of a neutron, u\n",
+"E_b = (M_H + m_n - M2)*931.494;     // Binding energy of the deuteron, MeV/u\n",
+"printf('\nThe binding energy of the Deuteron = %5.3f MeV', E_b);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The binding energy of the Deuteron = 2.224 MeV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.4: Left_out_sample_during_radioactive_decay.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.4: Pg 482 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"T = 5730;   // Half life of the carbon-14 isotope, years\n",
+"N0 = 1000;  // Initial number of carbon-14 isotope\n",
+"t = 22920;  // Time of decay, years\n",
+"n = t/T;    // Total number of half lives\n",
+"N = (1/2)^n*N0; // Sample remains after 22920 years\n",
+"printf('\nNumber of C-14 isotopes remained after %d years = %d', t, N);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Number of C-14 isotopes remained after 22920 years = 62 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.5: The_Activity_of_Radium.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.5: Pg 483 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"T_half = 1.6e+03*3.16e+07;    // Half life of radioactive nucleus Ra-226, s\n",
+"lambda = 0.693/T_half;  // Decay constant of Ra-226, per second\n",
+"N0 = 3.0e+016;  // Number of radioactive nuclei at t = 0\n",
+"R0 = lambda*N0; // Activity of sample at t = 0, decays/s\n",
+"t = 2.0e+003*3.16e+07;   // Time during which the radioactive disintegration takes place, s\n",
+"R = R0*exp(-1*lambda*t);  // Decay rate after 2.0e+003 years, decay/s\n",
+"printf('\nThe decay constant of Ra-226 = %3.1e per second', lambda);\n",
+"printf('\nThe activity of sample at t = 0 = %4.1f micro-Ci', R0/(3.7e+010*1e-006));  \n",
+"printf('\nThe activity of sample after %3.1e years = %3.1e decays/s', t, R);  \n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The decay constant of Ra-226 = 1.4e-11 per second\n",
+"// The activity of sample at t = 0 = 11.1 micro-Ci\n",
+"// The activity of sample after 6.3e+10 years = 1.7e+05 decays/s "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.6: The_Activity_of_Carbo.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.6: Pg 483 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"M = 11.0;   // Atomic mass of C-11 isotope, g\n",
+"NA = 6.02e+023; // Avogadro's number\n",
+"m = 3.50e-06;   // Given mass of Cabon-11, g\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"N = m/M*NA;     // Number of C-11 atoms in 3.50 micro-g of sample\n",
+"printf('\nThe number of C-11 atoms in %4.2f micro-g of sample = %4.2e nuclei', m/1e-06, N);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"T_half = 20.4*60;    // Half life of radioactive nucleus C-11, s\n",
+"lambda = 0.693/T_half;  // Decay constant of C-11, per second\n",
+"R0 = lambda*N; // Activity of sample at t = 0, decays/s\n",
+"t = 8.00*60*60;   // Time during which the radioactive disintegration takes place, s\n",
+"R = R0*exp(-1*lambda*t);  // Decay rate after 2.0e+003 years, decay/s\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nThe activity of C-11 sample at t = 0 is %4.2e decays/s', R0);  \n",
+"printf('\nThe activity of sample after %4.2f hours = %4.2e decays/s', t/3600, R);  \n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The number of C-11 atoms in 3.50 micro-g of sample = 1.92e+17 nuclei\n",
+"// The activity of C-11 sample at t = 0 is 1.08e+14 decays/s\n",
+"// The activity of sample after 8.00 hours = 8.99e+06 decays/s "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.7: The_Radiactive_Isotope_of_Iodine.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.7: Pg 484 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"R0 = 5; // Activity of I-131 isotope at the time of shipment, mCi\n",
+"R = 4.2;    // Activity of I-131 isotope at the time of receipt by the medical laboratory, mCi\n",
+"T_half = 8.04;    // Half life of radioactive nucleus I-131, days\n",
+"lambda = 0.693/T_half;  // Decay constant of C-11, per second\n",
+"// As log(R/R0) = -lambda*t, solving for t\n",
+"t = -1/lambda*log(R/R0);    // Time that has elapsed between two measurements, days\n",
+"printf('\nThe time that has elapsed between two measurements = %4.2f days', t);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The time that has elapsed between two measurements = 2.02 days  "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.8: Energy_Liberated_during_Decay_of_Radium.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.8: Pg 486 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"M_X = 226.025406;   // Atomic mass of Ra-226, u\n",
+"M_Y = 222.017574;   // Atomic mass of Rn-222, u\n",
+"M_alpha = 4.002603; // Mass of alpha particle, u\n",
+"Q = (M_X - M_Y - M_alpha)*931.494;  // Q-value for Radium Decay, MeV/u\n",
+"printf('\nThe Q-value for Radium Decay = %4.2f MeV', Q);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The Q-value for Radium Decay = 4.87 MeV "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.9: Probability_of_Alpha_Decay.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex13.9: Pg 487 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"Z = 86;     // Atomic number of radon\n",
+"A = 222;    // Mass number of radon\n",
+"k = 9e+09;  // Coulomb constant, N-metre square per C-square\n",
+"e = 1.6e-019;   // Charge on an electron, C\n",
+"r0 = 7.25e-015; // Bohr radius for alpha particle, m\n",
+"E0 = k*e^2/(2*r0*1e+06*e);  // Rydberg energy, MeV\n",
+"R = 1.2e-015*A^(1/3);    // Radius of radon nucleus, fm\n",
+"E = 5;  // Disintegration energy during alpha decay, MeV\n",
+"T_E = exp(-4*%pi*Z*sqrt(E0/E)+8*sqrt(Z*R/r0));  // Decay probability for alpha disintegration\n",
+"printf('\nThe decay probability for alpha disintegration at %d MeV energy = %4.2e', E, T_E);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The decay probability for alpha disintegration at 5 MeV energy = 1.29e-34  "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/14-Nuclear_Physics_Applications_.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/14-Nuclear_Physics_Applications_.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..355badd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/14-Nuclear_Physics_Applications_.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 14: Nuclear Physics Applications "
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.1: Energy_released_in_Fission.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.1: Pg 513 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"u = 931.5;     // Atomic mass unit, Mev    \n",
+"M_Li = 7.016003;   // Mass of Lithium, kg\n",
+"M_H = 1.007825;   // Mass of Hydrogen, kg\n",
+"M_He = 4.002603;   // Mass of Helium, kg\n",
+"Q = (M_Li + M_H - 2*M_He)*u;    // Q-value of the reaction, MeV\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"K_incident = 0.6;    // Kinetic energy of the incident protons, MeV\n",
+"K_products = Q + K_incident;    // Kinetic energy of the products\n",
+"printf('\nThe Q value of the reaction = %4.1f MeV', Q);\n",
+"printf('\nThe kinetic energy of the products (two alpha particles) = %4.1f MeV', K_products);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The Q value of the reaction = 17.3 MeV\n",
+"// The kinetic energy of the products (two alpha particles) = 17.9 MeV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.2: Neutron_capture_by_Al.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.2: Pg 509 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"roh = 2.7e+06;   // Density of Al, g/cm^3\n",
+"A = 27;   // Mass number of Al\n",
+"n = (6.02e+23*roh)/A;    // Number of nuclei/m^3\n",
+"sigma = 2.0e-31;    // Effective area of nucleas normal to motion, m^2\n",
+"R_0 = 5.0e+12;      // Rate of incident particles per unit area, neutrons/cm^2-s\n",
+"x = 0.30e-03;       // Thickness of foil, m\n",
+"R = (R_0*sigma*n*x) // Number of neutrons captured by foil, neutrons/cm^2-s\n",
+"printf('\nThe number of neutrons captured by foil = %3.1fe+07 neutrons/Sq.cm-s', R*1e-07);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The number of neutrons captured by foil = 1.8e+07 neutrons/Sq.cm-s "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.4: Energy_released_in_the_Fission_of_U235.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.4: Pg 513 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"m = 1;   // Mass of Uranium taken, kg\n",
+"Q = 208;   // Disintegration energy per event, MeV\n",
+"A = 235;   // Mass number of Uranium\n",
+"N = (6.02e+23*m)/A;   // Number of nuclei\n",
+"E = N*Q;    // Disintegration energy, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nThe total energy released if %1d kg of Uranium undergoes fission = %4.2fe+26 MeV', m, E*1e-23);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The total energy released if 1 kg of Uranium undergoes fission = 5.33e+26 MeV "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.5: A_Rough_Mechanism_for_Fission_Process.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.5: Pg 513 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"A_Ba = 141;     // Mass number of Barium\n",
+"A_Kr = 92;    // Mass number of Barium\n",
+"r_0 = 1.2e-15;    // Separation constant, m\n",
+"r_Ba = r_0*A_Ba^(1/3);   // Nuclear radius of Barium, m \n",
+"r_Kr = r_0*A_Kr^(1/3);   // Nuclear radius of Krypton, m\n",
+"r = r_Ba + r_Kr;   // Separation between two atoms, m\n",
+"Z_1 = 56;     // Atomic number of Barium\n",
+"Z_2 = 36;   // Atomic number of Barium\n",
+"k = 1.440e-09;   // Coulomb constant, eV-m\n",
+"U = k*Z_1*Z_2/r                // Coulomb Potential energy of two charges, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nThe Coulomb potential energy for two charges = %3d MeV' , U/1e+06);\n",
+"printf('\nThis shows that the fission mechanism is plausible');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The Coulomb potential energy for two charges = 248 MeV\n",
+"// This shows that the fission mechanism is plausible "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.6: The_Fusion_of_Two_Deutrons.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.6: Pg 519 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"e = 1.6e-19;    // Charge on electron, C\n",
+"k = 8.99e-09;    // Coulomb constant, N-m^2/C^2\n",
+"r = 1.0e-14;   // Distance between two duetrons, m\n",
+"// We have U = (k*q1*q2)/r, for duetrons q1 = q2 = e, therefore we get\n",
+"U = (k*e^2)/r;    // Potential energy of duetrons, J\n",
+"E_C = 1.1e-014;    // The coulomb energy per deutron, J\n",
+"k_B = 1.38e-023;    // Boltzmann constant, J/mol/K\n",
+"T = 2/3*E_C/k_B;    // Effective temperature required for deutron to overcome the potential barrier, K\n",
+"printf('\nThe potential energy of two duetrons separated by the distance of %1.0de-14 m = %4.2f MeV', r*1e+14, (U*1e+12)/e);\n",
+"printf('\nThe effective temperature required for deutron to overcome the potential barrier = %3.1e K', T);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The potential energy of two duetrons separated by the distance of 1e-14 m = 0.14 MeV\n",
+"// The effective temperature required for deutron to overcome the potential barrier = 5.3e+008 K \n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The potential energy of two duetrons separated by the distance of 1e-14 m = 0.14 MeV "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.7: Half_value_thickness.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex14.7: Pg 530 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"mew = 55e-02;    // Linear absoption coefficient, per m\n",
+"// In equation I(x) = I_o*exp(-mew*x), replacing I(x) by I_o/2 & solving for x, we get\n",
+"x = log(2)/mew;   // Half value thickness, m \n",
+"printf('\nThe half value thickness for lead = %4.2fe-02 cm', x);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The half value thickness for lead = %1.26e-02 cm"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/15-Elementary_Particle.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/15-Elementary_Particle.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5872534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/15-Elementary_Particle.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 15: Elementary Particle"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.2: Checking_Baryon_Numbers.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex15.2: Pg 560 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Data for Reaction 1\n",
+"R1 = cell(6,2);  // Declare a 6X2 cell\n",
+"R1(1,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R1(2,1).entries = 'n';\n",
+"R1(3,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R1(4,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R1(5,1).entries = 'n';\n",
+"R1(6,1).entries = 'p_bar';\n",
+"R1(1,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R1(2,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R1(3,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R1(4,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R1(5,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R1(6,2).entries = -1;\n",
+"// Data for reaction 2\n",
+"R2 = cell(5,2);  // Declare a 5X2 cell\n",
+"R2(1,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R2(2,1).entries = 'n';\n",
+"R2(3,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R2(4,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R2(5,1).entries = 'p_bar';\n",
+"R2(1,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R2(2,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R2(3,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R2(4,2).entries = 1;\n",
+"R2(5,2).entries = -1;\n",
+"// Check baryon number conservation for first reaction\n",
+"if (R1(1,2).entries+R1(2,2).entries) == (R1(3,2).entries+R1(4,2).entries+R1(5,2).entries+R1(6,2).entries) then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s + %s + %s can occur (B is conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries, R1(5,1).entries, R1(6,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s + %s + %s cannot occur (B is not conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries, R1(5,1).entries, R1(6,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"// Check baryon number conservation for second reaction\n",
+"if R2(1,2).entries+R2(2,2).entries == R2(3,2).entries+R2(4,2).entries+R2(5,2).entries then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s + %s can occur (B is conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries, R2(5,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s + %s cannot occur (B is not conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries, R2(5,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The reaction p + n --> p + p + n + p_bar can occur (B is conserved)\n",
+"// The reaction p + n --> p + p + p_bar cannot occur (B is not conserved) "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.3: Checking_Lepton_Numbers.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex15.3: Pg 561 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Data for Reaction 1\n",
+"R1 = cell(4,3);  // Declare a 4X3 cell\n",
+"R1(1,1).entries = 'mu';\n",
+"R1(2,1).entries = 'e-';\n",
+"R1(3,1).entries = 'nue_bar';\n",
+"R1(4,1).entries = 'nu_mu';\n",
+"R1(1,2).entries = 1;    // Muon number for mu\n",
+"R1(2,2).entries = 0;    // Muon number for e-\n",
+"R1(3,2).entries = 0;    // Muon number for nue_bar\n",
+"R1(4,2).entries = 1;    // Muon number for nu_mu\n",
+"R1(1,3).entries = 0;    // Lepton number for mu\n",
+"R1(2,3).entries = 1;    // Lepton number for e-\n",
+"R1(3,3).entries = -1;    // Lepton number for nue_bar\n",
+"R1(4,3).entries = 0;    // Lepton number for nu_mu\n",
+"// Data for Reaction 2\n",
+"R2 = cell(4,3);  // Declare a 4X3 cell\n",
+"R2(1,1).entries = 'Pi+';\n",
+"R2(2,1).entries = 'mu+';\n",
+"R2(3,1).entries = 'nu_mu';\n",
+"R2(4,1).entries = 'nu_e';\n",
+"R2(1,2).entries = 0;    // Muon number for Pi+\n",
+"R2(2,2).entries = -1;    // Muon number for mu+\n",
+"R2(3,2).entries = 1;    // Muon number for nu_mu\n",
+"R2(4,2).entries = 0;    // Muon number for nu_e\n",
+"R2(1,3).entries = 0;    // Lepton number for Pi+\n",
+"R2(2,3).entries = 0;    // Lepton number for mu+\n",
+"R2(3,3).entries = 0;    // Lepton number for nu_mu\n",
+"R2(4,3).entries = 1;    // Lepton number for nu_e\n",
+"// Check lepton number conservation for first reaction\n",
+"if (R1(1,2).entries== R1(2,2).entries+R1(3,2).entries+R1(4,2).entries) & (R1(1,3).entries == R1(2,3).entries+R1(3,3).entries+R1(4,3).entries) then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s --> %s + %s + %s can occur (Both L_mu and L_e are conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s + %s + %s cannot occur (L_mu and L_e are not conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"// Check lepton number conservation for second reaction\n",
+"if (R2(1,2).entries== R2(2,2).entries+R2(3,2).entries+R2(4,2).entries) & (R2(1,3).entries == R2(2,3).entries+R2(3,3).entries+R2(4,3).entries) then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s --> %s + %s + %s can occur (Both L_mu and L_e are conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s --> %s + %s + %s cannot occur (L_mu is conserved but L_e is not conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The reaction mu --> e- + nue_bar + nu_mu can occur (Both L_mu and L_e are conserved)\n",
+"// The reaction Pi+ --> mu+ + nu_mu + nu_e cannot occur (L_mu is conserved but L_e is not conserved0 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.4: Conservation_of_strangeness.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex15.4: Pg 563 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Data for Reaction 1\n",
+"R1 = cell(4,2);  // Declare a 4X2 cell\n",
+"R1(1,1).entries = 'Pi0';\n",
+"R1(2,1).entries = 'n';\n",
+"R1(3,1).entries = 'K+';\n",
+"R1(4,1).entries = 'sigma-';\n",
+"R1(1,2).entries = 0;    // Strangeness number for Pi0\n",
+"R1(2,2).entries = 0;    // Strangeness number for n\n",
+"R1(3,2).entries = 1;    // Strangeness number for K+\n",
+"R1(4,2).entries = -1;    // Strangeness number for sigma-\n",
+"// Data for Reaction 2\n",
+"R2 = cell(4,2);  // Declare a 4X2 cell\n",
+"R2(1,1).entries = 'Pi-';\n",
+"R2(2,1).entries = 'p';\n",
+"R2(3,1).entries = 'Pi-';\n",
+"R2(4,1).entries = 'sigma+';\n",
+"R2(1,2).entries = 0;    // Strangeness number for Pi-\n",
+"R2(2,2).entries = -1;    // Strangeness number for p\n",
+"R2(3,2).entries = 1;    // Strangeness number for pi-\n",
+"R2(4,2).entries = 0;    // Strangeness number for sigma+\n",
+"// Check strangeness number conservation for first reaction\n",
+"if R1(1,2).entries + R1(2,2).entries == R1(3,2).entries+R1(4,2).entries then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s can occur (Strangness is conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s cannot occur (Strangness is not conserved)', R1(1,1).entries, R1(2,1).entries, R1(3,1).entries, R1(4,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"// Check strangeness number conservation for second reaction\n",
+"if R2(1,2).entries + R2(2,2).entries == R2(3,2).entries+R2(4,2).entries then\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s can occur (Strangness is conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries);\n",
+"else\n",
+"    printf('\nThe reaction %s + %s --> %s + %s cannot occur (Strangness is not conserved)', R2(1,1).entries, R2(2,1).entries, R2(3,1).entries, R2(4,1).entries);\n",
+"end\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The reaction Pi0 + n --> K+ + sigma- can occur (Strangness is conserved)\n",
+"// The reaction Pi- + p --> Pi- + sigma+ cannot occur (Strangness is not conserved)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.5: Making_virtual_particle_real.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex15.5: Pg 570 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"m_pi = 135;     // Mass of pion, MeV/c^2\n",
+"m_p = 938.3;     // Mass op proton, MeV/c^2\n",
+"// For simplification, let velocity of light be unity\n",
+"c = 1;       // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"// Simplifying  K_th = (m_3 + m_4 + m_5 + ....)^2*c^2 - (m_1 + m_2)^2*c^2, we get\n",
+"K_th = 2*m_pi*c^(2) + ((m_pi*c)^2/(2*m_p));     // Required kinetic energy of proton, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nRequired kinetic energy of proton = %3d MeV', ceil(K_th));\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Required kinetic energy of proton = 280 MeV "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/16-Cosmology.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/16-Cosmology.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b5cd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/16-Cosmology.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 16: Cosmology"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.1: Hubbles_law.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex16.1: Pg 15 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+05;   // Velocity of light, km/s\n",
+"v = c/4;    // Recessional velocity, km/s\n",
+"H_0 = 20e-06;    // Hubble's constant, km/s/lightyear\n",
+"// From Hubble's law, v = H_o*R_max, solving for R_max\n",
+"R_max = v/H_0;  // Maximum distance at which Hubble's law applies without relativistic correction, lightyears\n",
+"printf('\nThe maximum distance at which Hubbles law applies without relativistic correction = %1.0e ly', R_max);\n",
+"printf('\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The maximum distance at which Hubbles law applies without relativistic correction = 4e+09 ly"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.2: Critical_density_of_universe.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex16.2: Pg 22 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"H = 23e-03/(9.46e15);    // Hubble's constant, km/s/ly\n",
+"G = 6.67e-11;      // Gravitational constant, N-m^2/kg^2\n",
+"//  Since H^2 = (8*%pi*G*p_c)/3, solving for p_c\n",
+"p_c = (3*H^2)/(8*%pi*G);    // Critical mass density of universe, kg/m^3\n",
+"printf('\nCritical mass density of universe = %4.2e kg per metre cube', p_c);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Critical mass density of universe = %1.06e-27 kg/m^3"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/2-Relativity_II.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/2-Relativity_II.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..541e6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/2-Relativity_II.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Relativity II"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: Momentum_of_an_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.1: Pg.44 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e08;   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"u = 0.750*c;   // Velocity of electron, m/s\n",
+"m = 9.11e-31;   // Rest mass of electron, kg\n",
+"p_r = m*u/(sqrt(1 - (u/c)^2));   // Relativistic momentum of electron, kgm/s\n",
+"p = m*u;   // Classical momentum of electron, kg-m/s\n",
+"printf('\nThe relativistic momentum of electron = %4.2fe-22 kg-m/s', p_r*1e+22);\n",
+"printf('\nThe classical momentum of electron = %4.2fe-22 kg-m/s', p*1e+22);\n",
+"printf('\nThe relativistic result is 50 percent greater than the classical result.');\n",
+"\n",
+"//Result\n",
+"// The relativistic momentum of electron = 3.10e-22 kg-m/s\n",
+"// The classical momentum of electron = 2.05e-22 kg-m/s\n",
+"// The relativistic result is 50 percent greater than the classical result."
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.3: Energy_of_a_speedy_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.3: Pg.47 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"u = 0.85*c;   // Velocity of electron, m/s\n",
+"E_0 = 0.511;   // Rest energy of electron, MeV\n",
+"E = E_0/(sqrt(1-(u/c)^2));   // Total energy of electron, MeV\n",
+"K = E - E_0;   // Kinetic energy of electron, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nThe total energy of electron = %5.3f MeV', E);\n",
+"printf('\nThe kinetic energy of electron = %5.3f MeV', K);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The total energy of electron = 0.970 MeV\n",
+"// The kinetic energy of electron = 0.459 MeV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.4: Energy_of_a_speedy_proton.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.4: Pg.47 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"u = 0.85*c;    // Velocity of electron, m/s\n",
+"m_p = 1.67e-27;   // Rest mass of proton, kg\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"E_o = m_p*c^2/1.602e-019;   // Rest energy of proton, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nRest energy of proton = %3d MeV', E_o/1e+06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"// Since given that E = 3*E_o = (3*m_p*c^2)/sqrt(1-(u/c)^2), solving for u\n",
+"u = sqrt(8/9)*c;   // Velocity of proton, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nVelocity of proton = %4.2fe+08 m/s', u*1e-08);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"// Since K = E - m_p*(c^2) = 3*m_p*(c^2) - m_p*(c^2) = 2*m_p*(c^2)\n",
+"K = 2*E_o;   // Kinetic energy of proton, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nThe kinetic energy of proton = %4d MeV', K*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (d)\n",
+"p = sqrt(8)*(E_o);\n",
+"printf('\nThe momentum of proton = %4d MeV/c', p*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Rest energy of proton = 938 MeV\n",
+"// Velocity of proton = 2.83e+08 m/s\n",
+"// The kinetic energy of proton = 1876 MeV\n",
+"// The momentum of proton = 2653 MeV/c "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.5: Increase_in_mass_of_colliding_balls.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.5: Pg.49 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"u = 450;    // Velocity ofeach ball, m/s\n",
+"m = 5;    // Mass of each ball, kg\n",
+"c = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"// Since (u/c)^2 << 1, therefore, substituting 1/sqrt(1 - (u/c)^2) = 1 + (1/2)*(u/c)^2\n",
+"delta_M = m*(u/c)^2;   // Increase in the mass of balls, kg\n",
+"printf('\nIncrease in the mass of the balls = %3.1fe-11 kg', delta_M*1e+11);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Increase in the mass of the balls = 1.1e-11 kg"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.7: A_Fission_Reaction.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.7:  Pg.50 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"u = 1.660e-27;   // Atomic mass unit\n",
+"M_U = 236.045563;   // Atomic mass of Uranium, u\n",
+"M_Rb = 89.914811;   // Atomic mass of Rubidium, u\n",
+"M_Cs = 142.927220;   // Atomic mass of Caesium, u\n",
+"m_n = 1.008665;    // Mass of neutons, u\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"printf('\nU(92,235) --> Rb(37,90) + Cs(55,143) + 3n(0,1)');\n",
+"printf('\nSo three neutrons are produced per fission.\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"delta_M = (M_U - (M_Rb + M_Cs + 3*m_n))*u;   // Combined mass of all products, kg\n",
+"printf('\nCombined mass of all products = %6.4fe-28 kg\n', delta_M*1e+28);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"// For simplification let velocity of light = 1 m/s\n",
+"c = 1;   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"// Since 1u = 931.5 MeV/(c^2), therefore\n",
+"Q = (delta_M/u)*931.5*(c^2);    // Energy given out per fission event, MeV\n",
+"printf('\nEnergy given out per fission event = %5.1f MeV\n', Q);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (d)\n",
+"N = ((6.02e23)*1000)/236;   // Number of nuclei present\n",
+"efficiency = 0.40;\n",
+"E = efficiency*N*Q*(4.45e-20);   // Total energy released, kWh\n",
+"printf('\nTotal energy released = %4.2fe+06 kWh\n', E*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nThis amount of energy will keep a 100-W lightbulb burning for %d years', E*1000/(100*24*365));\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// U(92,235) --> Rb(37,90) + Cs(55,143) + 3n(0,1)\n",
+"// So three neutrons are produced per fission.\n",
+"// Combined mass of all products = 2.9471e-28 kg\n",
+"// Energy given out per fission event = 165.4 MeV\n",
+"// Total energy released = 7.51e+06 kWh\n",
+"// This amount of energy will keep a 100-W lightbulb burning for 8571 years "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.8: Energy_conservation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.8: Pg.52 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"// Since 1 eV = 1.6e-19 J, therefore 3 eV = 3*1.6e-19\n",
+"BE = 3*1.6e-19;   // Binding energy of water, J\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"delta_m = BE/(c^2);    // Mass difference of water molecule & it constituents, kg\n",
+"printf('\nMass difference of water molecule & it constituents = %3.1fe-36 kg', delta_m*1e+36);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"M = 3.0e-26;   // Mass of water molecule, kg\n",
+"M_f = delta_m/M;    // Fractional loss of mass per molecule\n",
+"printf('\nThe fractional loss of mass per molecule = %3.1fe-10', M_f*1e+10);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"E = M_f*(c^2);     // Energy released when 1 g of water is formed, kJ\n",
+"printf('\nEnergy released when 1 g of water is formed = %2.0f kJ', E*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Mass difference of water molecule & it constituents = 5.3e-36 kg\n",
+"// The fractional loss of mass per molecule = 1.8e-10\n",
+"// Energy released when 1 g of water is formed = 16 kJ"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.9: Mass_of_Pio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex2.9: Pg.53 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"K_mu = 4.6;    // Kinetic energy of muon, MeV\n",
+"// For convinience let m_mew*(c^2) = E_mew\n",
+"E_mu = 106;      // Energy of muon, MeV\n",
+"E_pion = sqrt((E_mu^2) + (K_mu^2) + (2*K_mu*E_mu)) + sqrt((K_mu^2) + (2*K_mu*E_mu));\n",
+"m_pion = E_pion;   // Mass of pion, MeV/(c^2)\n",
+"printf('\nMass of Pion = %3.0f MeV/(c^2)', m_pion);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Mass of Pion = 142 MeV/(c^2)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/3-The_Quantum_theory_of_light.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/3-The_Quantum_theory_of_light.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15427b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/3-The_Quantum_theory_of_light.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: The Quantum theory of light"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.1: Temperature_of_su.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.1: Pg 69 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"e_total = 1400;   // Total power per unit area, W/(m^2)\n",
+"sigma = 5.6e-08;    // Stefan-Boltzmann constant\n",
+"R = 1.5e+11;    // Earth-sun distance, m\n",
+"R_s = 7.0e+08;   // Radius of sun, m\n",
+"// Using Stefan's law & solving for T, we get\n",
+"T = (e_total*R^2/(sigma*R_s^2))^0.25;   // Temperature of sun, K\n",
+"printf('\nThe temperature of sun = %4d K', T);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The temperature of sun = 5820 K"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: Quantum_oscillator_vs_classical_oscillator.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.2: Pg 75 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;   // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"c = 3e+08;   // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"lamda_green = 540e-09;   // Wavelength of green light, nm\n",
+"delta_E_green = h*c/lamda_green/1.602e-19;    // Minimum energy change in green light, eV\n",
+"lamda_red = 700e-09;    // Wavelength of red light, nm\n",
+"delta_E_red = h*c/lamda_red/1.602e-19;    // Minimum energy change in red light, eV\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nMinimum energy change in green light = %4.2f eV', delta_E_green);\n",
+"printf('\nMinimum energy change in red light = %4.2f eV', delta_E_red);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"f = 0.50;   // Frequency, Hz\n",
+"m = 0.1;    // Mass of pendulum, kg\n",
+"l = 1;      // Length of pendulum, m\n",
+"theta = %pi/180*10;   // Angle, radians\n",
+"g = 9.8;   // Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2\n",
+"E = m*g*l*(1-cos(theta));\n",
+"delta_E = (h*f)/(1.6e-19);    //  Minimum energy change in pendulum, eV\n",
+"delta_E_f = (delta_E*1.6e-19)/E ;   // Fractional energy change \n",
+"printf('\nFractional energy change = %3.1fe-32', delta_E_f*1e+32);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Minimum energy change in green light = 2.30 eV\n",
+"// Minimum energy change in red light = 1.77 eV\n",
+"// Fractional energy change = 2.2e-32 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: Stefan_law_from_Planck_distribution.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.3: Pg 80 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"k_B = 1.381e-23;   // Boltzmann's constant, J/K\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"h = 6.626e-34;    // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"// Since e_total = sigma*(T^4) = (2*(%pi)^5*(k_B)^4)/(15*(c^2)*(h^3))*T^4\n",
+"sigma = (2*(%pi)^5*(k_B)^4)/(15*(c^2)*(h^3));\n",
+"printf('\nThe value of sigma = %3.2fe-08 W/Sq.m/K^4', sigma*1e+08);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The value of sigma = 5.67e-08 W/Sq.m/K^4"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.4: Time_lag_between_start_of_illumination_and_photocurrent_generation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.4: Pg 83 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"phi = 2.38;    // Work function for sodium, eV\n",
+"I = 1e-07;    // Absorbed light intensity, mJcm^2/s\n",
+"A = %pi*1e-16;    // Cross-sectional area, m^2\n",
+"t = phi*1.6e-16/(I*A)   // Time lag, days\n",
+"printf('\nTime lag between start of illumination and photocurrent generation = %3.1fe+07 s', t*1e-07);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Time lag between start of  illumination and photocurrent generation = 1.2e+07 s"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.5: Time_lag_between_start_of_illumination_and_photocurrent_generation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.5: Pg 85 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"e = 1.6e-19;     // Electric charge, C\n",
+"V_s = 4.3;    // Stopping potential, V\n",
+"K_max = e*V_s;   // Maximum kinetic energy attained by photoelectrons, J\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31   // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"// Since K.E = eV_s = 0.5m_e(v_max^2), therefore\n",
+"v_max = sqrt((2*K_max)/m_e);    // Maximum velocity attained by photoelectron, m/s\n",
+"printf('\nMaximum velocity attained by photoelectron = %3.1fe+06 m/s', v_max*1e-06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Maximum velocity attained by photoelectron = 1.2e+06 m/s"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.6: Photoelectric_effect_for_iro.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.6: Pg 85 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"I_o = 1;    // Total intensity of light, micro-W/cm^2\n",
+"I = (0.030)*(.040)*I_o;    // Intensity available to produce photoelectric effect, nW/cm^2\n",
+"printf('\nIntensity available to produce photoelectric effect = %3.1f nW/cm^2', I*1e+03);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"h = 6.6e-34;   // Planck's constant, Js\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"lamda = 250e-09;    // Wavelength, m\n",
+"e_per_sec = (I*lamda*1e-06)/(h*c);   // Number of electrons emitted per second\n",
+"printf('\nNumber of electrons emitted per second = %3.1e', e_per_sec);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"e = 1.6e-019;   // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, C\n",
+"i = (e_per_sec)*e;     // Electric current in phototube, A\n",
+"printf('\nElectric current in phototube = %3.1e A', i);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (d)\n",
+"f_o = 1.1e+15;   // Cut-off frequeny, Hz\n",
+"phi = (h*f_o)/e;   // Work function for iron, eV\n",
+"printf('\nWork function for iron = %3.1f eV', phi);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (e)\n",
+"V_s = (h*c/(e*lamda))-phi;        // Stopping voltage, V\n",
+"printf('\nStopping voltage = %4.2f V', V_s);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Intensity available to produce photoelectric effect = 1.2 nW/cm^2\n",
+"// Number of electrons emitted per second = 1.5e-09\n",
+"// Electric current in phototube = 2.4e-10 A\n",
+"// Work function for iron = 4.5 eV\n",
+"// Stopping voltage = 0.41 V"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.7: Compton_shift_for_carbon.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.7: Pg 93 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;   // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;   // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"theta = ((%pi)/180)*45;    // Angle, radians\n",
+"delta_lamda = (h/(m_e*c)*(1-cos(theta)));   // Compton shift, nm\n",
+"lamda_o = 0.200e-09;    // Wavelength of X-ray, nm\n",
+"lamda = delta_lamda+lamda_o   // Increased wavelength of scattered X-ray, nm\n",
+"printf('\nIncreased wavelength of scattered X-ray = %8.6f nm', lamda*1e+09);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Increased wavelength of scattered X-ray = 0.200711 nm"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.8: Xray_photons_vs_visible_photons.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.8: Pg 93 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;    // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"q = 1.6e-19;    // Electric charge, C\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;    // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"c = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"theta = ((%pi)/180)*90;    // Angle, radians\n",
+"delta_lamda = (h/(m_e*c)*(1-cos(theta)));              // Compton shift, Angstrom\n",
+"lamda_C = 0.0106;   // Wavelength of gamma-rays from Cobalt, \n",
+"f_dl_C = delta_lamda/ lamda_C;   // Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from cobalt\n",
+"printf('\nFractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Cobalt = %4.2f', f_dl_C*1e+10);\n",
+"lamda_Mo = 0.712;    // Wavelength of gamma-rays from Molybdenum, Angstrom \n",
+"f_dl_Mo = delta_lamda/ lamda_Mo;                 // Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Molybdenum\n",
+"printf('\nFractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Molybdenum = %6.4f', f_dl_Mo*1e+10);\n",
+"lamda_Hg = 5461;    // Wavelength of gamma-rays from Mercury, Angstrom\n",
+"f_dl_Hg = delta_lamda/ lamda_Hg;                 // Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from mercury\n",
+"printf('\nFractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Mercury = %4.2fe-06', f_dl_Hg*1e+16);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"lamda = 0.712e-10;   // Wavelength of X-rays, Angstrom\n",
+"E = (h*c)/(q*lamda);   // Energy of X-rays' photon, eV\n",
+"printf('\nEnergy of X-rays photon = %5.0f eV\n', E);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Cobalt = 2.29\n",
+"// Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Molybdenum = 0.0341\n",
+"// Fractional change in wavelength of gamma rays from Mercury = 4.45fe-06\n",
+"// Energy of X-rays photon = 17460 eV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.9: Gravitational_redshift_for_a_white_dwarf.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex3.9: Pg 96 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"M = 1.99e+30;   // Mass of sun, kg\n",
+"R_s = 6.37e+06;    // Radius of earth, m\n",
+"G = 6.67e-11;   // Gravitational constant, Nm^2/kg^2\n",
+"lamda = 300e-09;   // Wavelength, m\n",
+"c = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"delta_lamda = lamda*((G*M)/(R_s*c^2));   // Gravitational redshift, angstrom\n",
+"printf('\nGravitational redshift = %3.1f angstrom', delta_lamda*1e+10);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Gravitational redshift = 0.7 angstrom"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/4-The_particle_nature_of_matter.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/4-The_particle_nature_of_matter.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46e82ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/4-The_particle_nature_of_matter.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 4: The particle nature of matter"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.1: Electrolysis_of_barium_chloride.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.1: Pg 109 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"I = 10;    // Electric current, A\n",
+"t = 3600;    // Time, s\n",
+"q = I*t;   // Electric charge liberated, C\n",
+"mm_Ba = 137;    // Molar mass of Barium, g\n",
+"mm_Cl = 35.5;    // Molar mass of Chlorine, g\n",
+"valence_Ba = 2;    // Valence electrons of Barium\n",
+"valence_Cl = 1;      // Valence electrons of Chlorine\n",
+"// Using Faraday’s law of electrolysis, we have\n",
+"m_Ba = (q*mm_Ba)/(96500*valence_Ba);     // Mass of Barium obtained, g\n",
+"m_Cl = (q*mm_Cl)/(96500*valence_Cl);     // Mass of Chlorine obtained, g\n",
+"printf('\nMass of Barium obtained = %4.1f g', m_Ba);\n",
+"printf('\nMass of Chlorine obtained = %4.1f g', m_Cl);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Mass of Barium obtained = 25.6 g\n",
+"// Mass of Chlorine obtained = 13.2 g"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.2: Deflection_of_electron_beam_by_E_and_B_Fields.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.2: Pg 113 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+" V = 200;    // Electrc potential, V\n",
+"theta = 0.20;   // Angle, radians\n",
+"l = 0.050;    // Length of plates, m\n",
+"d = 1.5e-02;    // Distance between two plates, m\n",
+"c_m_r = 1.76e+11;    // Charge-to-mass ratio, C/kg\n",
+"// Since e/m_e = (V*theta)/(B^2*l*d), solving for B\n",
+"B = sqrt((V*theta)/(l*d*c_m_r));    // Magnetic field, T\n",
+"printf('\nThe magnetic field required to produce the deflection of %4.2f rad = %3.1e T', theta, B);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The magnetic field required to produce the deflection of 0.20 rad = 5.5e-04 T "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.3: Experimental_determination_of_e.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.3: Pg 117 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"delta_y = 0.600;    // Distance of rise or fall of a droplet, cm\n",
+"t_av = 21.0;    // Average time of fall of droplet, s\n",
+"delta_t = [46.0, 15.5, 28.1, 12.9, 45.3, 20.0];   // Rise time of the droplet in succession, s\n",
+"v = delta_y/t_av;   // Average speed of the falling droplet, cm/s\n",
+"v_prime = zeros(6);\n",
+"for i = 1:1:6\n",
+"    v_prime(i) = delta_y/delta_t(i);   // Successive speeds of the rising drops, cm/s   \n",
+"end\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculate charge ratios\n",
+"q1byq2 = (v+v_prime(1))/(v + v_prime(2));\n",
+"q2byq3 = (v+v_prime(2))/(v + v_prime(3));\n",
+"q3byq4 = (v+v_prime(3))/(v + v_prime(4));\n",
+"q4byq5 = (v+v_prime(4))/(v + v_prime(5));\n",
+"q5byq6 = (v+v_prime(5))/(v + v_prime(6));\n",
+"printf('\nq1/q2 = %5.3f', q1byq2);\n",
+"printf('\nq2/q3 = %5.3f', q2byq3);\n",
+"printf('\nq3/q4 = %5.3f', q3byq4);\n",
+"printf('\nq4/q5 = %5.3f', q4byq5);\n",
+"printf('\nq5/q6 = %5.3f', q5byq6);\n",
+"printf('\nThe charge ratios are ratios of small whole numbers\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"eta = 1.83e-05;                      // Viscosity of air, kg/ms\n",
+"rho = 858;                        // Oil density, kg/m^3\n",
+"g = 9.81;                        // Acceleration due to gravity, m/s^2\n",
+"a = sqrt((9*eta*v*1e-02)/(2*rho*g));   // Radius of oil droplet, m\n",
+"V = 4/3*(%pi)*a^3;                // Volume of oil droplet, m^3\n",
+"m = rho*V;                       // Mass of oil droplet, kg\n",
+"printf('\nRadius of oil droplet = %4.2e m', a);\n",
+"printf('\nVolume of oil droplet = %4.2e m^3', V);\n",
+"printf('\nMass of oil droplet = %4.2e kg', m);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (c)\n",
+"V = 4550;    // Potential difference across the plates of the capacitor, volt\n",
+"d = 0.0160;    // Distance between the plates\n",
+"E = V/d;    // Electric field between plates, V/m\n",
+"q = zeros(6), e = zeros(6);\n",
+"for i=1:1:6\n",
+"    q(i) = m*g/E*((v+v_prime(i))/v);    // Charge on first drop, C \n",
+"    printf('\nq%d = %4.2e V/m', i, q(i));   \n",
+"end\n",
+"e(1) = q(1)/5;\n",
+"e(2) = q(2)/8;\n",
+"e(3) = q(3)/6;\n",
+"e(4) = q(4)/9;\n",
+"e(5) = q(5)/5;\n",
+"e(6) = q(6)/7;\n",
+"e_tot = 0;\n",
+"for i = 1:1:6\n",
+"    e_tot = e_tot + e(i);\n",
+"end\n",
+"e = e_tot/6;\n",
+"printf('\nThe average charge on an electron = %5.3e C', e);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// q1/q2 = 1.105\n",
+"// q2/q3 = 0.958\n",
+"// q3/q4 = 1.053\n",
+"// q4/q5 = 0.899\n",
+"// q5/q6 = 1.086\n",
+"// The charge ratios are ratios of small whole numbers\n",
+"\n",
+"// Radius of oil droplet = 1.67e-06 m\n",
+"// Volume of oil droplet = 1.96e-17 m^3\n",
+"// Mass of oil droplet = 1.68e-14 kg \n",
+"\n",
+"// q1 = 8.44e-019 V/m\n",
+"// q2 = 1.36e-018 V/m\n",
+"// q3 = 1.01e-018 V/m\n",
+"// q4 = 1.52e-018 V/m\n",
+"// q5 = 8.48e-019 V/m\n",
+"// q6 = 1.19e-018 V/m\n",
+"// The average charge on an electron = 1.694e-019 C "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.4: Collision_of_alpha_particle_with_proton.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.4: Pg 121 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"// For easy calculations, assume all variables to be unity\n",
+"m_p = 1;     // Mass of proton, a.m.u\n",
+"m_a = 4*m_p;    // Mass of alpha particle, a.m.u\n",
+"Valpha = 1;   // Velocity of alpha particle before collision, m/s\n",
+"v_p = (2*m_a*Valpha)/(m_a + m_p);    // Velocity of proton after collision, m/s\n",
+"v_a = ((m_a - m_p)*(Valpha))/(m_a + m_p);     // Velocity of alph particle after collision, m/s\n",
+"p_change = ((v_a - Valpha)/(Valpha))*100;     // Percentage change in velocity of alpha particle\n",
+"printf('\nVelocity of proton after collision = %4.2fVa m/s', v_p);\n",
+"printf('\nVelocity of alpha particle after collision = %4.2fVa m/s', v_a);\n",
+"printf('\nPercentage change in velocity of alpha particle = %2d percent', p_change);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Velocity of proton after collision = 1.60 V_a m/s\n",
+"// Velocity of alph particle after collision = 0.60 V_a m/s\n",
+"// Percentage change in velocity of alpha particle = -40 percent"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.5: Radius_of_Aluminium_Nucleus.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.5: Pg 124 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"Z = 13;    // Atomic number of Aluminium\n",
+"e = 1.6e-19;     // Charge on electron, C\n",
+"k = 8.99e+09;     // Coulomb constant, Nm^2/C^2\n",
+"K_a = 7.7e+06*e;    // Since K_a = (k*Z_e*2*e)/d_min, solving for d_min\n",
+"d_min = (k*2*Z*e^2)/K_a;   // Radius of Aluminum, m\n",
+"printf('\nRadius of Aluminum = %3.1e m', d_min);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Radius of Aluminum = 4.9e-15 m"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.7: Collision_of_alpha_particle_with_proton.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.7: Pg 135 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"n_i = 2;    // Initial level of electron\n",
+"n_f = 1;    // Final level of electron\n",
+"R = 1.097e+07;     // Rydberg constant, per metre\n",
+"c = 3e+08;     // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"h = 4.136e-15;       // Planck's constant, eV\n",
+"lamda = n_i^2*n_f^2/((n_i^2-n_f^2)*R);   // Wavelength of emitted photon, m\n",
+"f = c/lamda;      // Frequency of emitted photon, Hz\n",
+"E = h*f;     // Energy of emitted photon, eV\n",
+"printf('\nThe wavelength of emitted photon = %5.1f nm', lamda/1e-09);\n",
+"printf('\nThe frequency of emitted photon = %4.2e Hz', f);\n",
+"printf('\nEnergy of emitted photon = %4.1f eV', E);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"mc_square = 938.8e+06;   // Energy of recoil of hydrogen atom, eV\n",
+"K = 0.5*(E^2/mc_square);     // Recoil kinetic energy of H atom, eV\n",
+"E_difference = K/E;   // Energy difference\n",
+"printf('\nRecoil kinetic energy of H atom = %4.2e eV', K);\n",
+"printf('\nThe fraction of energy difference = %3.1e', E_difference);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The wavelength of emitted photon = 121.5 nm\n",
+"// The frequency of emitted photon = 2.47e+15 Hz\n",
+"// Energy of emitted photon = 10.2 eV\n",
+"// Recoil kinetic energy of H atom = 5.55e-08 eV\n",
+"// The fraction of energy difference = 5.4e-09 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.8: series_for_Hydrge.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.8: Pg 136 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"n_i = 3;     // Initial level of electron\n",
+"n_f = 2;     // Final level of electron\n",
+"R = 1.097e+07;   // Rydberg constant, per metre\n",
+"c = 3e+08;      // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"h = 6.626e-34;   // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"lamda_max = (n_i^2*n_f^2)/((n_i^2-n_f^2)*R);     //  Maximum wavelength of emitted photon, m\n",
+"E_photon = (h*c)/(lamda_max*1.6e-19);        // Energy of emitted photon, eV\n",
+"printf('\nThe maximum wavelength of emitted photon = %5.1f nm', lamda_max/1e-09);\n",
+"printf('\nEnergy of emitted photon = %4.2f eV', E_photon);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"n_i = %inf;    // Initial level of electron\n",
+"lamda_min = 1/(R*(1/n_f^2-1/n_i^2));\n",
+"printf('\nThe wavelength corresponding to the series limit = %5.1f nm which is in the ultraviolet region', lamda_min/1e-09);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The maximum wavelength of emitted photon = 656.3 nm\n",
+"// Energy of emitted photon =1.89 eV\n",
+"//// The wavelength corresponding to the series limit = 364.6 nm which is in the ultraviolet region "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 4.9: Hydrogen_in_its_first_excited_state.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex4.9: Pg 137 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"k_B = 8.62e-05;   // Boltzmann constant, eV/K\n",
+"delta_E = 10.2;    // Average thermal energy, eV\n",
+"// Since (3/2)*k_B*T = averge thermal energy per atom = 10.2eV, solving for T\n",
+"T = 10.2/(3/2*k_B);      // Temperature at which H-atoms jump to first excited state, K\n",
+"printf('\nThe temperature at which H-atoms jump to first excited state  = %5d K', T);\n",
+"N_ratio = 0.10;     // Number ratio of population of first excited state relative to the ground state\n",
+"// As N_ratio = exp(-delta_E/(k_B*T)), solving for T\n",
+"T = -delta_E/(k_B*log(N_ratio));     // Temperature at which H-atoms jump to first excited state, K\n",
+"printf('\nThe temperature of excitation from Boltzmann distribution = %5d K', T);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The temperature at which H-atoms jump to first excited state  = 78886 K\n",
+"// The temperature of excitation from Boltzmann distribution = 51389 K "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/5-Matter_waves.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/5-Matter_waves.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bdbbd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/5-Matter_waves.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 5: Matter waves"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.10: Width_of_spectral_lines.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.10: Pg 178 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (a)\n",
+"h_cross = 1.05e-34;   // Reduced Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;    // Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"delta_t = 1.0e-08;    // Average time to measure the excited state, s\n",
+"delta_E = h_cross/(2*delta_t);   // Uncertainty in energy of the excited state, J\n",
+"// Since delta_E = h*delta_f, solving for delta_f\n",
+"delta_f = delta_E/h;    // Line width of emitted light, Hz\n",
+"printf('\nLine width of emitted light = %2.0e Hz', delta_f);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"lamda = 500e-09;      // Wavelength of spectral line, m\n",
+"f_o = c/lamda;      // Center frequency of spectral line, Hz\n",
+"f_b = delta_f/f_o;   // Fractional broadening of spectral line\n",
+"printf('\nFractional broadening of spectral line = %3.1e', f_b);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Line width of emitted light = 8.0e+06 Hz\n",
+"// Fractional broadening of spectral line = 1.3e-08"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.1: Wave_properties_of_a_baseball.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.1: Pg 154 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;     // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"m = 140e-03;     // Mass of baseball, kg\n",
+"v = 27;     // Velocity of baseball, m/s\n",
+"p = m*v;   // Momentum of baseball, kgm/s\n",
+"lamda = h/p;   // de Broglie wavelength associated with baseball, m\n",
+"printf('\nde-Broglie wavelength associated with baseball = %3.1e m', lamda);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// de-Broglie wavelength associated with baseball = 1.8e-34 m "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.2: de_Broglie_wavelength_of_an_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.2: Pg 154 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"\n",
+"// Part (b)\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;     // Plank's constant, Js\n",
+"m_e = 9.11e-31;   // Mass of electron, kg\n",
+"q = 1.6e-19;     // Charge on electron, C\n",
+"V = 50;    // Electric potential applied, V\n",
+"lamda = h/(sqrt(2*m_e*q*V));     // de Broglie wavelength of an electron, m\n",
+"printf('\nde Broglie wavelength of an electron = %3.1f angstrom', lamda/1e-10);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// de Broglie wavelength of an electron = 1.7 angstrom "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.3: Diffraction_of_neutrons_at_the_crystal_lattice.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.3: Pg 158 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h = 6.63e-34;    // Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"lamda = 1e-10;     // de Broglie wavelength of neutron, m\n",
+"p = h/lamda;     // Momentum associated with neutron, kg-m/s\n",
+"m_n = 1.66e-27;     // Mass of neutron, kg\n",
+"e = 1.6e-19;    // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV\n",
+"K = p^2/(2*m_n);    // Kinetic energy of neutron, eV\n",
+"printf('\nThe momentum of neutrons = %4.2e kg-m/s', p)\n",
+"printf('\nThe kinetic energy of neutrons = %4.2fe-20 J = %6.4f eV', K*1e+20, K/e);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The momentum of neutrons = 6.63e-24 kg-m/s\n",
+"// The kinetic energy of neutrons = 1.32e-20 J = 0.0828 eV "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.8: Uncertainity_principle_for_macroscopic_objects.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.8: Pg 177 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h_cross = 1.05e-34;    // Reduced Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"delta_x = 15;      // Uncertainity in position, m\n",
+"v_x = 2;      // Velocity of ball, m/s\n",
+"m = 100e-03;     // Mass of ball, kg\n",
+"delta_p_x = h_cross/(2*delta_x);    // Uncertainity in momentum, kg-m/s\n",
+"delta_v_x = delta_p_x/m;     // Minimum spread in velcoity, m/s\n",
+"U_r = delta_v_x/v_x;     // Relative uncertainity in velocity of ball\n",
+"printf('\nThe minimum spread in velcoity of ball = %3.1e m/s', delta_v_x);\n",
+"printf('\nThe relative uncertainity in velocity of ball = %4.2e', U_r);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The minimum spread in velcoity of ball = 3.5e-35 m/s\n",
+"// The relative uncertainity in velocity of ball = 1.75e-35 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.9: Kinetic_energy_of_electron_confined_within_the_nucleus.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex5.9: Pg 178 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"delta_x = 1.0e-14/2;                     // Uncertainity in position of electron, m\n",
+"q = 1.6e-19;                           // Charge on electron, C\n",
+"h_cross = 1.05e-34;                // Reduced Plank's constant, J-s\n",
+"c = 3e+08;                         // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"delta_p_x = (h_cross*c)/(2*delta_x*q);                     // Uncertainity in momentum, eV/c\n",
+"E_r = 0.551e+06;                         // Rest mass energy if electron, eV\n",
+"E = sqrt((delta_p_x)^2 + (E_r)^2);\n",
+"K = E - E_r;                           // Kinetic energy of electron within nucleus, eV\n",
+"printf('\nKinetic energy of electron within nucleus = %4.1f MeV', K/1e+06);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Kinetic energy of electron within nucleus = 19.1 MeV"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/6-Quantum_mechanics_in_one_dimension.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/6-Quantum_mechanics_in_one_dimension.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef78190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/6-Quantum_mechanics_in_one_dimension.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 6: Quantum mechanics in one dimension"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.12: The_quantum_oscillator_in_nonclassical_region.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.12: Pg 214 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"P = 2/sqrt(%pi)*integrate('exp(-z^2)', 'z', 1, 100);   // Probability that the quantum oscillator in its ground state will be found in the nonclassical region\n",
+"printf('\nThe probability that the quantum oscillator in its ground state will be found in the nonclassical region = %5.3f', P);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The probability that the quantum oscillator in its ground state will be found in the nonclassical region = 0.157 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.13: Quantization_of_vibrational_energy.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.13: Pg 211 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h_cross = 6.582e-016;   // Reduced Planck's constant, eV-s\n",
+"// For spring-mass system\n",
+"K = 0.100;  // Force constant of the spring-mass system, N/m\n",
+"m = 0.0100; // Mass attached to the spring, kg\n",
+"omega = sqrt(K/m);  // Angular frequency of oscillations, rad/s\n",
+"delta_E = h_cross*omega;    // Energy spacing between quantum levels, eV\n",
+"printf('\nThe energy spacing between quantum levels for spring-mass system = %4.2e eV\nwhich is far below present limits of detection', delta_E);\n",
+"// For vibrating hydrogen molecule\n",
+"K = 510.5;  // Force constant of the hydrogen molecule system, N/m\n",
+"mu = 8.37e-028; // Reduced mass of the hydrogen molecule, kg\n",
+"omega = sqrt(K/mu);  // Angular frequency of oscillations, rad/s\n",
+"delta_E = h_cross*omega;    // Energy spacing between quantum levels, eV\n",
+"printf('\nThe energy spacing between quantum levels for hydrogen molecule = %5.3f eV\nwhich can be measured easily', delta_E);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The energy spacing between quantum levels for spring-mass system = 2.08e-15 eV\n",
+"// which is far below present limits of detection\n",
+"// The energy spacing between quantum levels for hydrogen molecule = 0.514 eV\n",
+"// which can be measured easily "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.14: Standard_Deviations_from_Averages.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.14: Pg 219 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"x = [2.5, 3.7, 1.4, 7.9, 6.2, 5.4, 8.0, 6.4, 4.1, 5.4, 7.0, 3.3, 4.2, 8.8, 6.2, 7.1, 5.4, 5.3]; // Data entries\n",
+"sum_x = 0;      // Initialize the accumulator\n",
+"sum_x_sq = 0;   // Initialize the second accumulator\n",
+"N = 18;     // Total number of data points\n",
+"for i = 1:1:N\n",
+"    sum_x = sum_x + x(i);   // Sum of data\n",
+"    sum_x_sq = sum_x_sq + x(i)^2; // Sum of square of data\n",
+"end\n",
+"x_av = sum_x/N;     // Average of data\n",
+"x_sq_av = sum_x_sq/N;   // Mean square value\n",
+"sigma = sqrt(x_sq_av-x_av^2);   // Standard deviation from averages\n",
+"printf('\nThe standard deviation from averages = %4.2f', sigma);\n",
+"\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The standard deviation from averages = 1.93 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.15: Location_of_a_particle_in_the_box.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.15: Pg 219 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"L = 1;  // For simplicity assume length of the box to be unity, unit\n",
+"x_av = 2*L/%pi^2*integrate('theta*sin(theta)^2', 'theta', 0, %pi);  // Average value of x\n",
+"x_sq_av = L^2/%pi^3*(integrate('theta^2', 'theta', 0, %pi)-integrate('theta^2*cos(2*theta)', 'theta', 0, %pi)); // Average value of x square\n",
+"delta_x = sqrt(x_sq_av - x_av^2);   // Uncertainty in the position for this particle, unit\n",
+"printf('\nThe average position of the particle in the box = L/%1d', x_av*4);\n",
+"printf('\nThe uncertainty in the position for the particle = %5.3fL', delta_x);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The average position of the particle in the box = L/2\n",
+"// The uncertainty in the position for the particle = 0.181L "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.2: Probability_from_wave_function.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.2: Pg 193 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"x0 = 1;    // For simplicity assume x0 = 1\n",
+"C = 1/sqrt(x0);    // Normalization constant\n",
+"P = 2*C^2*integrate('exp(-2*x/x0)', 'x', 0, x0);\n",
+"printf('\nThe probability that the particle will be found in the interval -x0 <= x <= x0 is %6.4f or %4.1f percent', P, P*100);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The probability that the particle will be found in the interval -x0 <= x <= x0 is 0.8647 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.4: Dispersion_of_matter_waves.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.4: Pg 197 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"delta_x0 = 1e-010;    // Initial width of the localized space, m\n",
+"delta_xt = 10*delta_x0;    // Final width at which the wave packet is dispersed, m\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-034;    // Reduced Planck's constant, Js\n",
+"m = 9.11e-031;    // Mass of the electron, kg\n",
+"// From Dispersion relation, delta_xt^2 - delta_x0^2 = sqrt(h_cross*t/(2*m*deltax0)^2), solving for t\n",
+"t = 2*m*sqrt(delta_xt^2 - delta_x0^2)*delta_x0/h_cross;  // Time which elapses before delocalization\n",
+"printf('\nThe time which elapses before the localization of electron destroys = %3.1e s', t);\n",
+"m = 1e-03;    // Mass of marble, kg\n",
+"delta_x0 = 1e-004;    // Initial width of the localized space, m\n",
+"delta_xt = 10*delta_x0;    // Final width at which the wave packet is dispersed, m\n",
+"t = 2*m*sqrt(delta_xt^2 - delta_x0^2)*delta_x0/h_cross;  // Time which elapses before delocalization\n",
+"printf('\nThe time which elapses before the localization of marble destroys = %3.1e s', t);\n",
+"printf('\nFor all the practical purposes, the marble will remain localized for ever');\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// \n",
+"\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.5: Energy_Quantization_for_Macroscopic_Object.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.5: Pg 202 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h = 6.626e-034;     // Planck's constant, Js\n",
+"m = 1e-06;    // Mass of the object, kg\n",
+"n = 1;    // Quantum number for minimum energy level\n",
+"L = 1e-02;     // Distance between two rigid walls, m\n",
+"E1 = n^2*h^2/(8*m*L^2);  // Minimum energy of the object, J\n",
+"v1 = sqrt(2*E1/m);    // Minimum speed of the object, m/s\n",
+"v = 3.00e-02;    // Given speed of the objct, m/s\n",
+"E = 1/2*m*v^2;  // Energy of the object for given speed, J\n",
+"n = sqrt(8*m*L^2*E)/h;  // Quantum number corresponding to the given speed\n",
+"printf('\nThe minimum speed of the object = %4.2e m/s', v1);\n",
+"printf('\nThe quantum number corresponding to the speed of %4.2e m/s is n = %4.2e', v1, n);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"//  The minimum speed of the object = 3.31e-26 m/s\n",
+"// The quantum number corresponding to the speed of 3.31e-26 m/s is n = 9.06e+23 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.6: Model_of_an_Atom.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.6: Pg 203 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 1;      // Assume speed of light to be unity, m/s\n",
+"h_cross = 197.3;    // Reduced Planck's constant, eV.nm/c^2\n",
+"m_e = 511e+03;          // Mass of an electron, eV/c^2\n",
+"L = 0.200;  // Length of the box, nm\n",
+"E1 = %pi^2*(h_cross/c)^2/(2*m_e*L^2);   // Ground state energy of atomic electron, eV\n",
+"E2 = 2^2*E1;    // Excited state energy of the atomic electron, eV\n",
+"delta_E = E2- E1;   // Energy that must be applied to the electron  to raise it from ground to the first excited state, eV\n",
+"h = 2*%pi*h_cross;  // Planck's constant, Js\n",
+"lambda = h*c/delta_E;   // Wavelength of the photon to cause the electron transition, nm\n",
+"printf('\nThe energy that must be applied to the electron  to raise it from ground to the first excited state = %4.1f eV', delta_E);\n",
+"printf('\nThe wavelength of the photon to cause this electron transition = %4.1f nm', lambda);\n",
+"printf('\nThis wavelength is in the far ultraviolet region.');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The energy that must be applied to the electron  to raise it from ground to the first excited state = 28.2 eV\n",
+"// The wavelength of the photon to cause this electron transition = 44.0 nm\n",
+"// This wavelength is in the far ultraviolet region.  "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.7: Probabilities_for_a_particle_in_a_Box.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex6.7: Pg 205 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"L = 1;  // For simplicity assume length of finite square well to be unity, m\n",
+"P = 2/L*integrate('sin(%pi*x/L)^2', 'x', L/4, 3*L/4); // Probability that the particle will be found in the middle half of the well\n",
+"printf('\nThe probability that the particle will be found in the middle half of the well = %5.3f', P);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The probability that the particle will be found in the middle half of the well = 0.818"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 6.8: Ground_state_energy_of_an_electron_confined_to_a_potential_well.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"// Scilab code Ex6.8: Pg 211 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 1;      // Assume speed of light to be unity, m/s\n",
+"L = 0.200;  // Width of the potential well, nm\n",
+"h_cross = 197.3;    // Reduced Planck's constant, eV.nm/c^2\n",
+"m = 511e+03;          // Mass of an electron, eV/c^2\n",
+"U = 100;    // Height of potential well, eV\n",
+"delta = h_cross/sqrt(2*m*U);    // Decay length of electron, nm\n",
+"L = L + 2*delta;    // Effective length of the infinite potential well, nm\n",
+"E = %pi^2*(h_cross/c)^2/(2*m*L^2);  // Ground state energy of the electron with effective length, eV\n",
+"U = U - E;  // New potential energy, eV\n",
+"delta = h_cross/sqrt(2*m*U);    // New decay length of electron, nm\n",
+"printf('\nThe ground state energy of an electron confined to the potential well = %4.2f eV', E);\n",
+"printf('\nThe new decay length of the electron = %6.4f nm', delta);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The ground state energy of an electron confined to the potential well = 6.58 eV \n",
+"// The new decay length of the electron = 0.0202 nm "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/7-Tunnelling_phenomena.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/7-Tunnelling_phenomena.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05a54f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/7-Tunnelling_phenomena.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: Tunnelling phenomena"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.1: Transmission_coefficient_for_an_oxide_layer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex7.1: Pg 235 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s\n",
+"m_e = 511e+03/(c^2);    // Mass of electron, eV\n",
+"U = 3.00;    // Ground state energy neglecting E, eV\n",
+"h_cross = (1.973e+03)/c;    // Reduced planck's constant, eV\n",
+"alpha = sqrt(2*m_e*U)/h_cross;\n",
+"L = 50;     // Thickness of the layer, angstrom\n",
+"T = 1/(1+1/4*10^2/(7*3)*sinh(alpha*L)^2);\n",
+"printf('\nThe transmission coefficient for the layer thickness of');\n",
+"printf('\n%2d angstrom = %5.3e', L, T);\n",
+"L = 10;    // // Thickness of the layer, angstrom\n",
+"T = 1/(1+1/4*10^2/(7*3)*sinh(alpha*L)^2);\n",
+"printf('\n%2d angstrom = %5.3e', L, T);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The transmission coefficient for the layer thickness of\n",
+"// 50 angstrom = 9.628e-39\n",
+"// 10 angstrom = 6.573e-08 "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: Tunnelling_current_through_an_oxide_layer.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex7.2: Pg 236 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"e = 1.60e-19;    // Electrc charge, C\n",
+"i = 1.00e-03;      // Electron current, A\n",
+"N = i/e;       // Electrons per second\n",
+"T = 0.657e-07;     // Fraction of electrons transmitted\n",
+"T_e = N*T;    // Number of electrons transmitted per second\n",
+"T_i = T_e*e;    // Transmitted current, A\n",
+"printf('\nThe transmitted current through the oxide layer = %4.1f pA', T_i*1e+12);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The transmitted current through the oxide layer = 65.7 pA "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.5: Tunnelling_in_a_parallel_plate_capacitor.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex7.5: Pg 241 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"epsilon_c = 5.5e+10;    // Characteristic field strength, V/m\n",
+"epsilon = 1.0e+09;    // Electric field, V/m\n",
+"f = 1.0e+30;     // Collision frequency, s(-1)cm(-2)\n",
+"lamda = f*exp(-epsilon_c/epsilon);   // Electron emission rate, electrons/sec\n",
+"e = 1.60e-19;    // Electrc charge, C\n",
+"I = lamda*e;    // Tunelling current, A\n",
+"printf('\nTunelling current in parallel plate capacitor = %4.2f pA', I/1e-12);\n",
+"printf('\n');\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Tunelling current in parallel plate capacitor = 0.21 pA"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.6: Estimating_halflives_of_Thorium_and_Polonium.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex7.6: Pg 244 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"Z_T = 88;     // Atomic number of daughter nucleus\n",
+"E_T = 4.05e+06;     // Energy of ejected alphas, eV\n",
+"R = 9.00e-15;      // Nuclear radius, m\n",
+"r_o = 7.25e-15;     // Bohr radius, m\n",
+"E_o = 0.0993e+06;     // Energy analogous to the Rydberg in Atomic Physics \n",
+"T_T = exp(-4*%pi*Z_T*sqrt(E_o/E_T) + 8*sqrt((Z_T*R)/r_o));    // Transmission factor in case of Thorium\n",
+"f = 1e+21;    // Frequency of collisions, Hz\n",
+"lamda_T = f*T_T;    // Decay rate in case of Thorium, s^(-1)\n",
+"t_T = 0.693/lamda_T;     // Half-life time of Thorium, s\n",
+"Z_P = 82;    // Atomic number of daughter nucleus\n",
+"E_P = 8.95e+06;     // Energy of ejected alphas, eV\n",
+"R = 9.00e-15;     // Nuclear radius, m\n",
+"r_o = 7.25e-15;     // Bohr radius, m\n",
+"E_o = 0.0993e+06;      // Energy unit, eV\n",
+"T_P = exp(-4*%pi*Z_P*sqrt(E_o/E_P) + 8*sqrt((Z_P*R)/r_o));    // Transmission factor in case of Polonium\n",
+"f = 1e+21;    // Frequency of collisions, Hz\n",
+"lamda_P = f*T_P;      // Decay rate in case of Thorium, s^(-1)\n",
+"t_P = 0.693/lamda_P;    // Half-life time of Polonium, s\n",
+"\n",
+"printf('\nHalf-life time of Thorium = %3.1e s = %3.1e yrs', t_T, t_T/(365*24*60*60));\n",
+"printf('\nHalf-life time of Polonium = %3.1e s', t_P);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Half-life time of Thorium = 5.3e+17 s = 1.7e+10 yrs\n",
+"// Half-life time of Polonium = 8.4e-10 s "
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/8-Quantum_Mechanics_in_Three_Dimensions.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/8-Quantum_Mechanics_in_Three_Dimensions.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f06cdb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/8-Quantum_Mechanics_in_Three_Dimensions.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: Orbital_quantum_number_for_a_stone.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex8.4: Pg 270 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"R = 1.00;     // Radius of circle, m\n",
+"T = 1.00;     // Time period of revolution, s\n",
+"v = (2*%pi*R)/T;    // Speed of stone in its orbit, m/s\n",
+"m = 1.00;     // Mass of stone, kg\n",
+"L = m*v*R;    // Angular momentum of stone, kg-m^2/s\n",
+"h_cross = 1.055e-34;    // Reduced Planck's constant, kg-m^2/s\n",
+"l = L/h_cross;    // Orbtal quantum number\n",
+"printf('\nThe orbtal quantum number for stone = %4.2fe+34', l*1e-34);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Orbtal quantum number for stone = 5.96e+34"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.6: Space_quantisation_for_an_atomic_electron.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex8.6: Pg 272 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// For simplicity let h_cross = 1\n",
+"h_cross = 1;   // Reduced planck's constant\n",
+"l = 3;  // Given orbital quantum number\n",
+"L = sqrt(l*(l+1)*h_cross);    // Magnitude of total angular momentum, in h_cross units\n",
+"m_l = [-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3];\n",
+"L_z = m_l*h_cross;  // Allowed values of L_z\n",
+"cos_theta = L_z/L;\n",
+"theta = acosd(L_z/L);  // Orientations of L_z, degrees\n",
+"for i = 1:1:7\n",
+"    if theta(i) > 90 then\n",
+"        theta(i) = theta(i)-180;\n",
+"    end\n",
+"end\n",
+"printf('\nThe magnitude of total angular momentum = 2*sqrt(%d)*h_cross\n', L^2/4);\n",
+"printf('\nThe allowed values of L_z in units of h_cross are :');\n",
+"disp(L_z);\n",
+"printf('\nThe orientations of L_z in degrees are:');\n",
+"disp(theta);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The magnitude of total angular momentum = 2*sqrt(2)*h_cross\n",
+"\n",
+"// The allowed values of L_z in units of h_cross are : \n",
+"//   - 3.  - 2.  - 1.    0.    1.    2.    3.  \n",
+"\n",
+"// The orientations of L_z in degrees are: \n",
+"//   - 30.  - 54.73561  - 73.221345    90.    73.221345    54.73561    30.  "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.7: Energy_of_Hydrogen_atom_at_first_excited_state.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex8.7: Pg 281 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"k = 9e+09;  // Coulomb constant, N/Sq.m/C\n",
+"e = 1.6e-019;   // Electronic charge, C\n",
+"a_0 = 0.529e-010;   // Bohr's radius, m\n",
+"n = 2;  // Principal quantum number\n",
+"l = [0, 1]; // Orbital quantum number\n",
+"m_l = [-1, 0, 1];    // Orbital magnetic quantum number\n",
+"Z = 1;  // Atomic number of hydrogen\n",
+"E2 = -k*e^2/(2*a_0)*Z^2/n^2;   // Energy of first excited level of hydrogen, \n",
+"printf('\nThe energy of first excited level of hydrogen = %3.1f eV', E2/e);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The energy of first excited level of hydrogen = -3.4 eV \n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.8: Probabilities_for_the_Electron_in_Hydrogen.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex8.8: Pg 284 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"P = 1/2*integrate('z^2*exp(-z)', 'z', 2, 100); // Take some large value of upper limit\n",
+"printf('\nP(electron in the ground state of hydrogen will be found outside the first Bohr radius) = %4.1f percent', P*100);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// P(electron in the ground state of hydrogen will be found outside the first Bohr radius) = 67.7 percent \n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/9-Atomic_Structure_.ipynb b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/9-Atomic_Structure_.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..932c72c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modern_Physics_by_R_A_Serway/9-Atomic_Structure_.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 9: Atomic Structure "
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.1: Magnetic_energy_of_electron_in_Hydrogen.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.1: Pg 300 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"// Since mu_B = (e*h_cross)/(2*m_e)\n",
+"mu_B = 9.27e-24;     // Bohr magneton, J/T\n",
+"B = 1.00;    // Magnetic flux, T\n",
+"// Since 1 eV = 1.6e-19 J\n",
+"eV = 1.6e-19;   // Energy, J\n",
+"h_cross = 6.58e-16;   // Reduced Plank's constant, eV-s\n",
+"omega_L = (mu_B*B)/(eV*h_cross);     // Larmor frequency, rad/s\n",
+"printf('\nLarmour frequency at n = 2 is %4.2fe+10 rad/s', omega_L*1e-10);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Larmour frequency at n = 2 is 8.81e+10 rad/s"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.2: Angles_between_z_axis_and_the_spin_angular_momentum_vector.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.2: Pg 307 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"h_cross = 6.58e-16;    // Reduced Plank's constant, eV-s\n",
+"S = h_cross*sqrt(3)/2;   // Spin angular momentum, eV-s\n",
+"S_z = h_cross/2;     // Z-component of spin angular momentum, eV-s\n",
+"theta_up = acosd(S_z/S);\n",
+"theta_down = acosd(-S_z/S);\n",
+"printf('\nFor up spin state, theta = %4.2f degrees', theta_up);\n",
+"printf('\nFor down spin state, theta = %5.1f degrees', theta_down);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// For up spin state, theta = 54.74 degrees\n",
+"// For down spin state, theta = 125.3 degrees "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.3: Zeeman_Spectrum_of_Hydrogen_Including_Spin.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.3: Pg 311 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"e = 1.6e-019;   // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV\n",
+"B = 1.00;   // Magnitude of magnetic field, tesla\n",
+"n = 2;  // Initial state of the hydrogen atom\n",
+"mu_B = 9.27e-024;   // Bohr's magneton, J/T\n",
+"E_Z = mu_B*B/e;     // Zeeman energy, eV\n",
+"E2 = -13.6/n^2;     // Energy of first excited state, eV\n",
+"m_l = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2];  // Orbital magnetic quantum number for l = 2\n",
+"printf('\nThe energies of the electron (in eV) in n = 2 state are:\n');\n",
+"for i = 1:1:5\n",
+"    if m_l(i) < 0 then\n",
+"        sig = '-';\n",
+"    else\n",
+"        sig = '+';\n",
+"    end\n",
+"    printf(' (%4.2f %s %4.2e) ', E2, sig, abs(E_Z*m_l(i)));\n",
+"end\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// The energies of the electron (in eV) in n = 2 state are:\n",
+"// (-3.40 - 1.16e-04)  (-3.40 - 5.79e-05)  (-3.40 + 0.00e+00)  (-3.40 + 5.79e-05)  (-3.40 + 1.16e-04"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.4: Spin_orbit_energy_of_Sodium_doublet.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.4: Pg 311 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"hc = 1240;    // Product of plank's constant & velocity of light, eV\n",
+"lamda_1 = 588.995;    // Wavelength of first doublet of Na lines, nm\n",
+"lamda_2 = 589.592;    // Wavelength of second doublet of Na lines, nm\n",
+"delta_E = hc*(lamda_2 - lamda_1)/(lamda_1*lamda_2);     // Spin orbit energy, eV\n",
+"printf('\nSpin orbit energy from doublet spacing = %4.2fe-03 eV', delta_E*1e+03);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Spin orbit energy from doublet spacing = 2.13e-03 eV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.5: Ground_state_of_Helium_atom.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.5: Pg 316 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"n = 1;    // Principal quantum number\n",
+"Z = 2;    // Atomic number of Helium\n",
+"E_a = (-13.6*Z^2)/n^2;      // Energy of the electron in state 'a', eV\n",
+"E_b = (-13.6*Z^2)/n^2;      // Energy of the electron in state 'b', eV\n",
+"E = E_a + E_b;    // Total electronic energy of Helium, eV\n",
+"printf('\nTotal electronic energy of Helium = %5.1f eV', E);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Total electronic energy of Helium = -108.8 eV"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.6: Effective_atomic_number_for_3s_electron_in_Na.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// Scilab code Ex9.6: Pg 317 (2005)\n",
+"clc; clear;\n",
+"E_i = 5.14;   // Ionisation energy of Na, eV\n",
+"n = 3;   // Principal quantum number\n",
+"Z_eff = sqrt((n^2*E_i)/13.6);    // Effective atmic number\n",
+"printf('\nEffective atomic number for 3s electron in Na = %4.2f', Z_eff);\n",
+"\n",
+"// Result\n",
+"// Effective atomic number for 3s electron in Na = 1.84"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}