diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3888')
93 files changed, 1480 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d71283dc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09f5e3818 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.10
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.05; //Radius of the conductor in m
+bc=5; //Distance between b & c in m
+bb1=3*bc; //Distance between b & b1 in m
+aa1=2*bc; //Distance between a & a1 in in m
+ab=(((bb1-aa1)/2)^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+ab1=((aa1+((bb1-aa1)/2))^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+ac1=((bc*2-((bb1-aa1)/2))^(2)+bc^(2))^(1/2);
+Dab=nthroot(ab*ab1*ab1*ab,4);
+Dbc=nthroot(bc*aa1*aa1*bc,4);
+Dca=nthroot(ab*ac1*ab*ac1,4);
+Deq=nthroot(Dab*Dbc*Dca,3);
+Dsa=sqrt(aa1*0.7788*r);
+Dsb=sqrt(bb1*0.7788*r);
+Dsc=sqrt(bc*0.7788*r);
+Ds=nthroot(Dsa*Dsb*Dsc,3);
+L=(2*10^(-7)*log(Deq/Ds))*10^(6); //Inductance of double circuit in mH/km/phase
+Dsa1=sqrt(aa1*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Dsb1=sqrt(bb1*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Dsc1=sqrt(bc*r); //GMR for capacitance
+Ds1=nthroot(Dsa1*Dsb1*Dsc1,3); //Equivalent GMR for capacitance
+C=(2*%pi*(10^(-9)/(36*%pi)))/log(Deq/Ds1); //Capacitance of double circuit in nF/km/phase
+
+
+printf("\nInductance of the line is %.3f mH/km/phase",L);
+printf("\nCapacitance of the line is %.2f nF/km/phase",C/10^(-12));
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Ds1 value
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ba34b3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff9e179e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+d=3; //Distance of two Wires in m
+r=0.02; //Radius of conductor in m
+L1=(2*10^(-7))*(log(d/(0.7788*r))); //Inductance of each conductor in H/m
+LI=2*L1/(10^(-6)); //Loop inductance of the line in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe loop inductance of the line is %.3f mH/km",LI);
+printf("\nThe inductance of the each conductor is % .3e H/m",L1);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..795c82c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a277e200b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.03; //Conductor Radius in m
+d=0.35; //Spacing between Phase Conductors in m
+D=4; //Distance between Phases in m
+LA=((1*10^(-7))*((log((D*(D+d)*2*D*(2*D+d)*D*(D-d)*2*D*(2*D-d))^(1/2)/(0.7788*r*d)^2))+(%i*0.866)*log((D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))/(2*D*(2*D+d)*2*D*(2*D-d)))))*10^(6); //Phase A Inductance in mH/km
+LB=(1*10^(-7))*((log(((D*(D-d)*D*(D+d)*D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))^(1/2))/(0.7788*r*d)^2))+(%i*0.866)*log((D*(D+d)*D*(D-d))/(D*(D-d)*D*(D+d))))*10^(6); //Phase B Inductance in mH/km
+LC=LA; //Phase C Inductance in mH/km
+L_avg=(LA+LB+LC)/3; //Average Inductance in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nInductance of phase A is %.3f%.3fi mH/km",real(LA),imag(LA));
+printf("\nInductance of phase B is %.3f mH/km",LB);
+printf("\nInductance of phase C is %.3f%.3fi mH/km",real(LC),imag(LC));
+printf("\nAverage inductance of the line is %.3f mH/km",L_avg);
+
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of LA and LB value
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..22678879e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..213c414ab --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.025; //Conductor radius in m
+Dac1=4; //Distance between two conductors a & c1 in m
+Dac=6; //Distance between two conductors a & c in m
+Dbb1=10; //Distance between two conductors b & b1 in m
+Dab=(((Dbb1-Dac1)/2)^2+(Dac/2)^2)^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors a & b in m
+Daa1=(((Dac1)^2)+((Dac)^2))^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors a & a1 in m
+Dbc1=(((Dbb1-Dac1)/2)^2+((Dac1)+((Dbb1-Dac1)/2))^2)^(1/2); //Distance between two conductors b & c1 in m
+GMD1=nthroot((Dab*Dac*Dbc1*Dac1),4); //Mutual GMD of phase a position 1 in m
+GMR1=(0.7788*r*Daa1)^(1/2); //Self GMR of phase a position 1 in m
+GMD2=nthroot((Dab*Dab*Dbc1*Dbc1),4); //Mutual GMD of phase a position 2 in m
+GMR2=(0.7788*r*Dbb1)^(1/2); //Self GMR of phase a position 2 in m
+GMD3=GMD1; //Mutual GMD of phase a position 3 in m
+GMR3=GMR1; //Self GMR of phase a position 3 in m
+Dm=nthroot((GMD1*GMD2*GMD3),3); //Equivalent mutual GMD in m
+Ds=nthroot((GMR1*GMR2*GMR3),3); //Equivalent self GMR in m
+LA=(2/10)*(log(Dm/Ds)); //Inductance of phase a in mH/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe inductance per kilometre of a double circuit is %.3f mH/km",LA);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b2dcb02a --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..092dabe76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+h=8; //Height of conductor in m
+r=0.01; //Radius of conductor in m
+D=4; //Distance of conductor in m
+L=10; //Length of the line in km
+V=33; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+Cab=(%pi*(10^(-9))/(36*%pi))/(log(D/r)*(1/(sqrt(1+(D^(2)/(2*h)^(2)))))); //Capacitance between conductors a and b in pF/m
+Can=Cab*2; //Capacitance between phase and neutral plane in pF/m
+Cab1=(%pi*(10^(-9))/(36*%pi))/log(D/r); //Capacitance between conductors when effect of earth is ignored in pF/m
+Ic=2*%pi*f*Cab*L*V*10^3*10^3; //Charging Current of the line in A
+
+
+printf("\nCapacitance between conductors is %.2f pF/m",Cab/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCapacitance between phase and neutral plane is %.2f pF/m",Can/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCapacitance ehen effect of ground is neglected is %.2f pF/m",Cab1/(10^-12));
+printf("\nCharging current is %.3f A",Ic);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1da2f9fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62bbcdbf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.8
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+d=0.25; //Diameter of conductor in m
+r=0.0125; //Radius of conductor in m
+Dab=5; //Distance between conductors a & b in m
+Dbc=4; //Distance between conductors b & c in m
+Dac=6; //Distance between conductors a & c in m
+Deq=nthroot((Dab*Dbc*Dac),3); //Diameter equivalent of line in m
+Can=(2*%pi*10^(-9)/(36*%pi))/log(Deq/r); //Capacitance between phase a & neutral in pF/m
+
+
+printf("\nThe capacitance of the transmissin line is %.2f pF/m",Can/(10^-12));
diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..53a36d3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2209b5d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 10.9
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+f=50; //Frequency of the condutor in Hz
+D1=31.8; //Diameter of ACSR Moose conductor in mm(Unbundled conductor)
+d1=10; //Hoizontal spacing between adjacent conductors in m
+D2=19.6; //Diameter of ASCR Lynx conductor in mm(Bundled conductor)
+d2=10; //Spacing measured by centre of the bundle in m
+Db=0.4; //Spacing between the bundled conductors in m
+r1=D1*10^-3/2; //Radius of unbundled conductor in m
+Dm=nthroot((d1*d2*(d1+d2),3)); //Mutual GMD of unbundled conductorin m
+Dls1=0.7788*r1; //GMR For Inductance of unbundled conductor in m
+Dcs1=r1; //GMR For Capacitance of unbundled conductor in m
+XL1=2*%pi*f*2*10^(-4)*log(Dm/Dls1); //Inductive Reactance of unbundled conductor in ohm/km/phase
+XC1=(log(Dm/Dcs1))/(((2*%pi)^2)*f*8.85*10^(-12)); //Capacitive Reactance of unbundled conductor in ohm-km/phase
+r2=D2*10^-3/2; //Radius of bundled conductor in m
+Dls2=nthroot((0.7788*r2*Db^2),3); //Self GMR for Inductance of bundled conductor in m
+Dcs2=nthroot((r2*Db^2),3); //Self GMR for Capacitance of bundled conductor in m
+XL2=2*%pi*f*2*10^(-4)*log(Dm/Dls2); //Inductive Reactance of bundled conductor in ohm/km/phase
+XC2=(log(Dm/Dcs2))/(((2*%pi)^2)*f*8.85*10^(-12)); //Capacitive Reactance of bundled conductor in ohm-km/phase
+
+
+printf("\nThe value inductive reactance and capacitive reactance of unbundled conductor is %.3f ohm/km/ph and %.3e ohmkm/ph ",XL1,XC1/10^(3));
+printf("\nThe value inductive reactance and capacitive reactance of bundled conductor is %.4f ohm/km/ph and %.4e ohmkm/ph ",XL2,XC2/10^(3));
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f9f8747c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5077e5797 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=0.5; //Resistance of the line in Ohm/km
+l=5; //Length of the line in km
+L=1.76; //Inductance of the line in mH/km
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+sen_vtg=33; //Sending end voltage in kV
+rec_vtg=32; //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Vs=sen_vtg/(3)^(1/2); //Sending end phase voltage in kV
+Vr=rec_vtg/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end phase voltage in kV
+R=r*l; //Total resistance of line in Ohm
+X=2*(%pi)*f*L*l*10^(-3); //Total Inductance of line in Ohm
+pf1=0.8; //Power factor
+A=X^(2)+R^(2); //Coeffcient of Ir^(2) simlified in quadratic eqn
+B=2*Vr*(R*pf1+X*sin(acos(pf1))); //Coeffcient of Ir simlified in quadratic eqn
+C=Vr^(2)-Vs^(2); //Constant simlified in quadratic eqn
+Ir=(-B+sqrt(B^(2)-4*A*C))/(2*A); //Receiving end current in A
+reg=((Vs-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Efficiency of the line
+P=3*Vr*Ir*pf1; //Output power in MW
+Loss=3*Ir^(2)*R; //Line loss in MW
+eff=(P/(P+Loss))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+
+printf("\nLine current of the transmission line is %.3f kA",Ir);
+printf("\nRegulation of the transmission line is %.3f percentage ",reg);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the transmission line is %.2f percentage",eff);
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a6a46c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15433efaa --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+P=50; //Power of the line in MW
+l=100; //Length of the line in km
+pf=0.8; //Power factor
+V=132; //Voltage of the line in kV
+R=0.1; //Resistance of the conductor in Ohm/km
+X=0.3; //Reactance of the conductor in Ohm/km
+y=3*10^(-6); //Admittance of the conductor in mho/km
+Vr=V/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Z=(R+%i*X)*100; //Series impedance in Ohm
+Y=(0.0+%i*y)*100; //Shunt admittance on mho
+Ir=P*10^(3)/(3*Vr*pf); //Receiving end current in A
+Vc=Vr*(pf+%i*0.6)+(Ir*Z/2)*10^(-3); //Capacitance voltage in kV
+Ic=Y*Vc*10^(3); //Shunt branch current in A
+Is=Ic+Ir; //Sending end current in A
+Vs=Vc+(Is*Z/2)*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Vsl=abs(Vs)*3^(1/2); //Line to line sending end voltage in kV
+pf1=cos(atan(imag(Vs),real(Vs))-atan(imag(Is),real(Is))); //Sending end power factor
+Vr1=abs(Vs)/(1+(Z*Y/2)); //Receiving end voltage at no_load in kV
+reg=((abs(Vr1)-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+eff=P*10^(6)/(P*10^(6)+3*((abs(Is)^(2)*R*l)/2+(Ir^(2)*R*l)/2))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+Ic1=(Y/2)*Vr*10^(3); //Capacitance 1 current in A
+Il=Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6)+Ic1; //Line current in A
+Vs1=Vr+Il*Z*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Vsl1=abs(Vs1)*3^(1/2); //Line to line sending end voltage in kV
+Ic2=((Y/2)*Vs1*10^(3)); //Capacitance 2 current in A
+Is1=Il+Ic2; //Sending end current in A
+pf2=cos(atan(imag(Vs1),real(Vs1))-atan(imag(Is1),real(Is1))); //Power factor
+V=abs(Vs1)/(1+(Z*Y/2)); //Receiving end voltage at no_load in kV
+reg1=((abs(V)-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+eff1=(P*10^(6)/(P*10^(6)+3*(abs(Il)^(2)*R*l)))*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+
+printf("\nnominal-T method");
+printf("\nSending end voltage of the line %.2f kV",Vsl);
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor of the line %.3f",pf1);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line %.2f percentage",eff);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line %.2f percentage",reg);
+printf("\nnominal-pi method");
+printf("\nSending end voltage of the line %.2f kV",Vsl1);
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor of the line %.3f",pf2);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line %.2f percentage",eff1);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line %.2f percentage",reg1);
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Ic2 value
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..395f07d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8c9538ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+l=450; //Length of the line in km
+V=400; //Supply voltage in kV
+R=0.033; //Resistance of the line in Ohm/km
+L=1.067; //Inductance of the line in mH/km
+C=0.0109; //Capacitance of the line in microFarad/km
+P=420; //Power in MW
+pf=0.95; //Power factor
+Z=R+%i*(2*%pi*f*L*10^(-3)); //Impedance of the line in Ohm/km
+Y=%i*(2*%pi*f*C); //Admittance of the line in mho/km
+Zc=((Z/Y)^(1/2))*10^(3); //Characteristic impedance of the line in Ohm/km
+pro_const=(Z*Y)^(1/2); //Propagation constant of the line
+angle=pro_const*l*10^(-3);
+s=sinh(angle); //Sinusoidal angle
+c=cosh(angle); //Cosine angle
+Ir=P*10^(6)/((3)^(1/2)*V*10^(3)*pf); //Magnitude of receiving end current in A
+Ir1=(Ir*(cosd(-acosd(pf))+%i*sind(-acosd(pf))))*10^(-3); //Receiving end current including power factor angle
+Vr=V/(3)^(1/2); //Receiving end phase voltage in kV
+Vs=Vr*c+(Zc*Ir1*s); //Sending end voltage in kV
+llv=abs(Vs)*sqrt(3); //Line to line voltage in kV
+Is=((Vr*10^(3)/Zc)*s)+(Ir1*c); //Sending end current in A
+pfs=cosd(atan(imag(Vs),real(Vs))-atan(imag(Is),real(Is))); //Sending end power factor
+delta=atand(imag(Vs),real(Vs)); //Load angle in degree
+A=cosh(angle); //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in degree
+B=Zc*sinh(angle); //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in Ohm
+C=sinh(angle)/Zc; //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in mho
+D=A; //Parameter of voltage and current eqn in degree
+reg=(((abs(Vs)/abs(A))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+inp_pow=(3*abs(Vs)*abs(Is)*pfs)*10^(-3); //Input power in MW
+eff=(P/inp_pow)*100; //Efficiency of the line
+
+printf("\nVoltage at sending end of the line is %.2f kV",Vs);
+printf("\nCurrent at sending end of the line is %.2f A",abs(Is));
+printf("\nSending end powerfactor and Load angle of the line is %.4f and %.2f",pfs,delta);
+printf("\nABCD parameters of the line is %.3f and %.2f ohm and %.3e mho and %.3f ",A,abs(B),abs(C),D);
+printf("\nRegulation of the line is %.1f percentage",reg);
+printf("\nEfficiency of the line is %.2f percentage",eff);
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong substitution in Vs
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..11766a1c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fb4e1d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=400; //Supply voltage in kV
+Load=750; //Load in MVA
+A=0.85; //Loss less three phase line constant
+B=%i*150; //Loss less three phase line constant
+C=%i*0.001; //Loss less three phase line constant
+D=A; //Loss less three phase line constan
+Vr=V/3^(1/2); //Receiving end voltage in kV
+Ir=Load*10^(3)/(3^(1/2)*V); //Receiving end current in A
+Vs=(A*Vr*10^(3)+B*Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6))*10^(-3); //Sending end voltage in kV
+Is=C*Vr*10^(3)+A*Ir*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end current in A
+vtg_reg=(((abs(Vs)/abs(A))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the line
+ABCD=[1 -50*%i;0 1]*[0.85 50*%i;0.001*%i 0.85]*[1 -50*%i;0 1]; //Matrix of compensated line
+Vs1=ABCD(1,1)*Vr+ABCD(1,2)*(abs(Ir)/1000)*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end voltage of compensated line in kV
+Is1=ABCD(2,1)*Vr*10^(3)+ABCD(2,2)*abs(Ir)*(0.8-%i*0.6); //Sending end current of compensated line in A
+vtg_reg2=(((abs(Vs1)/ABCD(1,1))-Vr)/Vr)*100; //Regulation of the of compensated line
+
+
+printf("\nPhase voltage is % f kV",Vr);
+disp(ABCD,'Series compensation parameters is ');
+printf("\nRegulation of the uncompensated line is %.1f",vtg_reg);
+printf("\nRegulation of the compensated line is %.2f",vtg_reg2);
+ //variation present in result due to Wrong substitution of matrix ABCD
+
diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9be148ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba2e3d6e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 11.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Vs=420; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=60; //Supply frequency in Hz
+l=463; //Length of the line in km
+Vr=700; //Receiving end voltage in kV
+sen_end_crt=646.6; //Sending end current in A
+pha_con_len=acos(Vs/Vr); //Phase constant length in rad
+pha_const=pha_con_len/l; //Phase constant in rad/km
+Z=Vr*10^(3)*sin(pha_con_len)/(3^(1/2)*sen_end_crt); //Surge impedance in Ohm
+X=(sin(pha_con_len)/(1-cos(pha_con_len)))*Z; //Reactance of the line in Ohm
+shu_rat=Vs^(2)/X; //Shunt reactor rating in MVAr
+
+
+printf("\nThe phase constant and Surge impedance of the line is %.3f rad/km and %.f Ohm",pha_const,Z);
+printf("\nThe reactance per phase and the required shunt reactor rating of the line is %.f Ohm and %.1f MVAr",X,shu_rat);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b10957073 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51eac99cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 12.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=33; //Operating voltage of line in kV
+m=10; //Mutual capacitance of unit
+n=4; //No of string units
+V_tot=V/3^(1/2); //Total voltage across the string in kV
+V1=V_tot/(1+1.1+1.31+1.651); //Voltage across the topmost unit in kV
+V2=V1*(1+(1/m)); //Voltage across the second unit from the top in kV
+V3=V1*(1+(3/m)+(1/m^(2))); //Voltage across the third unit from the top in kV
+V4=V3*(1+(1/m))+(V2/m)+(V1/m); //Voltage across the fourth unit from the top in kV
+str_eff=V_tot/(n*V4); //String efficiency in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nThe string efficiency is %.2f percentage",str_eff*100);
diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a505fc7e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7bb1b4253 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 12.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V4=12; //Rated voltage of each unit in kV
+m=10; //Mutual capacitance of unit
+n=4; //No of string units
+V1=V4/1.651; //Voltage across the topmost unit in kV
+V2=1.1*V1; //Voltage across the second unit from the top in kV
+V3=1.31*V1; //Voltage across the third unit from the top in kV
+V_tot=V1+V2+V3+V4; //Total voltage Voltage across the string in kV
+mlv=3^(1/2)*V_tot; //Maximum line voltage in kV
+str_eff=(V_tot/(n*V4))*100; //String efficiency in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nSafe operating maximum line voltage is %.2f kV",mlv);
+printf("\nThe string efficiency is %.2f percentage",str_eff);
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee5567507 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..965014ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+L=160; //Span length in m
+w=4; //Weight of the conductor in N/m
+Ts=8000; //Tensile strength in N
+T=Ts/w; //Working stress in N
+d=w*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag of the line in m
+l=L+(w^(2)*L^(3)/(24*T^(2))); //Total length of conductor in spans in m
+
+
+printf("\nSag of the line between span is %.1f m",d);
+printf("\nTotal length of the line between span is %.2f m",l);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2576b647f --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f73866fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+w=0.35; //Weight of the conductor in kg/m
+Ts=800; //Tensile strength in kg
+Sf=2; //Safety factor
+L=160; //Span length in m
+h=70; //Height of support from the ground in m
+T=Ts/Sf; //Working stress in kg
+h1=h-40;; //Difference between supports in m
+x1=(L/2)-(T*h1/(w*L)); //Distance of minimum point from the lower support in m
+h2=h-65; //Difference between supports in m
+x2=(L/2)-(T*h2/(w*L)); //Distance of minimum point from the lower support in m
+d1=w*x2^(2)/(2*T); //Sag from lower support in m
+mgc=65-d1; //Minimum ground clearance in m
+
+
+printf("\nThe minimum clearance from the ground %.2f m",mgc);
+printf("\nThe distance of minimum point from the lower support at 40m is %.2f m",x1);
+printf("\nThe distance of minimum point from the lower support at 65m is %.2f m",x2);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..72a1804a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..162fca35b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 13.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+A=120; //Normal copper area in mm^2
+con_size=(30+7)/6.30; //Conductor size in mm
+w=0.4; //Conductor weight in kg/m
+Ts=1250; //Tensile strength in kg
+Sf=5; //Safety factor
+L=200; //Span length in m
+t=0.5; //Thickness of ice in cm
+p=10; //Wind pressure in kg/m^2
+D=(2*4-1)*6.30*10^(-1); //Total diameter of conductor in cm
+T=Ts/Sf; //Working stress in kg
+d=w*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag in still air in m
+wi=%pi*((D+t)*10^(-2)*t*10^(-2))*915; //Weight of ice in kg/m
+W=w+wi; //Total weight of ice in kg/m
+d1=W*L^(2)/(8*T); //Sag in m
+Ww=(D+2*t)*10^(-2)*p; //Wind loading in kg/m
+We=sqrt(Ww^(2)+(w+wi)^(2)) //Effective loading in kg/m
+d2=We*L^(2)/(8*T); //Total Sag in m
+angle=atand(Ww/(w+wi)); //Sag angle in degree
+
+printf("\nSag in still air %.f m",d);
+printf("\nSag,if the conductor is covered with ice of 0.5-cm thickness is % .2f m",d1);
+printf("\nSag,if the conductor is covered with ice of 0.5-cm thickness and a wind pressure of 10 kg/m^(2) is acting on the projected area is %.2f m",d2);
+printf("\nSag angle is %.2f degree",angle);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc502e627 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ba96a1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+
+d=600; //Distance between three conductors in cm
+b=72; //Pressure in Hg
+r=1; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+t=27; //Air temperature in Celcius
+m=0.90; //Irregularity factor
+mv=0.82; //Surface factor
+adf=3.92*b/(273+t); //Air density factor
+Vc=r*21.1*m*0.9408*log(d/r); //Phase to neutral critical disruptive voltage in kV
+cdv=Vc*sqrt(3); //Line to line critical disruptive voltage in kV
+Vv=21.1*mv*r*0.9408*(1+(0.3/sqrt(r*0.9408)))*log(d/r); //Critical visual disruptive voltage
+cvdv=Vv*sqrt(3); //Line to line critical visual disruptive voltage in kV
+
+
+printf("\nThe critical disruptive voltage is %.2f kV",cdv);
+printf("\nThe visual critical disruptive voltage is %.2f kV",cvdv);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aed844b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..465af125e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=220; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+r=1; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+d=400; //Distance between the conductor in cm
+m=0.96; //Smooth surface value of conductor
+b=73; //Barometric pressure in cm of Hg
+t=20; //Temperature in celcius
+adf=3.92*b/(273+t); //Air density factor
+Vc=r*21.1*m*0.9767*log(d/r); //Phase to neutral critical disruptive voltage in kV
+Vp=V/sqrt(3); //Line phase voltage in kV
+Pc=241*10^(-5)*(f+25)/0.9767*sqrt(r/d)*(Vp-Vc)^(2); //Peek's formula for corona loss in a fair weather in kW/phase/km
+Pc1=241*10^(-5)*(f+25)/0.9767*sqrt(r/d)*(Vp-0.8*Vc)^(2); //Peek's formula for corona loss in a rainy weather in kW/phase/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe fair weather corona loss is %.2f kW/phase/km",Pc);
+printf("\nThe rainy weather corona loss is %.2f kW/phase/km",Pc1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4065694f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b11406f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 14.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+I=150; //Power line current in Amps
+dac=1.8; //Spacing between conductors a and d in m
+dab=2.5; //Spacing between conductors a and b in m
+dcd=1; //Spacing between conductors c and d in m
+Dad=sqrt((dac)^(2)+((dab/2)+(dcd/2))^(2)); //Distance between conductors a and d in m
+Dac=sqrt((dac)^(2)+((dab/2)-(dcd/2))^(2)); //Distance between conductors a and c in m
+M=4*10^(-4)*log(Dad/Dac); //Mutual inductance in H/km/ph
+X=2*%pi*f*M; //Inductive reactance in per km
+emf=I*X; //Emf induced in telephone line in V/km
+
+printf("\nThe mutual inductance between the powerline and the telephone line %.1e H/km/ph",M);
+printf("\nThe 50 Hz voltage per kilometre induced in the telephone line when the power line carries 150 A is %.2f V/km",emf);
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..135091d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1987a61ed --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+D=2; //Conductor diameter in cm
+l=40; //Length of lay in cm
+n=1; //Strand of layer one
+l1=sqrt(l^(2)+(%pi*(2*n+1)*D)^(2)); //Length is a strand of layer one in cm
+Tl1=l+6*l1; //Total length of strands in cm
+Tl2=7*l; //Total length of strands,Not spiraled in cm
+W=((Tl1-Tl2)/Tl2)*100; //Weight increased in percentage
+R1=1/l+(6/l1);
+R2=7/l;
+R=(R2/R1)*100; //Change in resistance in percentage
+R1=R-100; //Increased resistance in percentage
+
+
+printf("\nThe increase in weight due to spiraling of the conductor is %.2f percentage",W);
+printf("\nThe increase in resistance due to spiraling of the conductor is %.1f percentage",R1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..06497cca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6e97c172 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+r=1.5; //Conductor radius in cm
+R=3; //Lead sheath radius in cm
+V=33; //Operating voltage in kV
+E_max=V/(r*log(R/r)); //Maximum value of electric stress in kV/cm
+E_min=V/(R*log(R/r)); //Minimum value of electric stress in kV/cm
+r1=R/2.718; //Optimum value of conductor radius in cm
+E_max1=V/(r1*log(R/r1)); //Smallest value of Maximum stress in kV/cm
+
+printf("\nMaximum and Minimum values of electrical stress is %.2f kV/cm and %.2f kV/cm",E_max,E_min);
+printf("\nOptimal value of conductor radius is %.3f cm and the smallest value of the maximum stress is %.2f kV/cm",r1,E_max1);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c488b5ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be27a465c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=11; //Supply voltage in kV
+die_strength=50; //Dielectric strength of conductor in kV/cm
+Sf=2; //Safety factor
+e=2.718; //Constant value
+E_max=die_strength/Sf; //Maximum stress in kV/cm
+R=11*e/25; //Outer insulation radius in cm
+r=R/e; //Radius of the conductor in cm
+D=2*r; //Diameter of the conductor in cm
+
+printf("\nThe radius and diameter of a single conductor cable is %.2f cm and %.2f cm",r,D);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a949882d --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8fd169c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=110; //Line voltage in kV
+r=1; //Conductor radius in cm
+p1=5; //Permittivitie of the material A
+p2=4; //Permittivitie of the material B
+p3=2; //Permittivitie of the material C
+G1=50; //Permissible stress of the material A in kV/cm
+G2=40; //Permissible stress of the material B in kV/cm
+G3=30; //Permissible stress of the material C in kV/cm
+r1=p1*r*G1/(p2*G2); //Outer radius of the material A in cm
+r2=p2*r1*G2/(p3*G3); //Outer radius of the material B in cm
+R=exp(1.638); //Outer radius of the material C in cm(solving the eqn 15.24 in the book )
+
+printf("\nThe minimum internal sheath radius of the cable is %.2f cm",R)
diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b52d0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79aae40ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH15/EX15.6/Ex15_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 15.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=11; //Supply voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+C=0.5; //Capacitance between two conductors in microFarad/km
+Cx=0.75; //Capacitance between sheath and three conductors in microFarad/km
+Cy=0.50; //Capacitance between sheath and remaining conductor in microFarad/km
+C1=Cx/3; //Capacitance between conductor and sheath in microFarad/km
+C2=(Cy-C1)/2; //Capacitance between phases in microFarad/km
+C0=C1+3*C2; //Effective capacitance in microFarad/km
+C3=C0/2; //Capacitance between two conductors connecting a third conductor to the sheath in microFarad/km
+I=(V*10^(3)/sqrt(3))*2*%pi*f*C0*10^(-6); //Charging current in A/ph/km
+
+
+printf("\nThe capacitance between phases is %.3f microFarad/km",C2);
+printf("\nThe capacitance between conductor and sheath is %.2f microFarad/km",C1);
+printf("\nThe effective per phase capacitance is %.3f microFarad/km",C0);
+printf("\nThe capacitance between two conductors connecting a third conductor to the sheath is %.4f microFarad/km",C3);
+printf("\nThe charging current per phase per km is %.2f A",I);
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..88cfe1a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7666d1725 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=238; //Transformer primary voltage in kV
+Em=110; //Transformer secondary voltage in kV
+f=50; //Supply frequency in Hz
+u=20; //Commutation angle in degree
+alpha1=30; //Delay angle 1 in degree
+alpha2=90; //Delay angle 2 in degree
+alpha3=150; //Delay angle 3 in degree
+Vdo=3*sqrt(3*2)*Em/(%pi*sqrt(3)); //Direct output voltage in kV
+Vd1=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha1)+cosd(alpha1+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 30 degree in kV
+Vd2=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha2)+cosd(alpha2+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 90 degree in kV
+Vd3=Vdo/2*(cosd(alpha3)+cosd(alpha3+u)); //Direct output voltage when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 150 degree in kV
+
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output is %.2f kV",Vdo);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 30 degree is %.2f kV",Vd1);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 90 degree is %.2f kV",Vd2);
+printf("\nThe direct voltage output when commutation angle 20 and delay angle is 150 degree is %.2f kV",Vd3);
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6257c390 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af204cfe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Em=400; //Ac supply voltage in kV
+Vd=500; //Dc supply voltage in kV
+Id=1; //Dc current in A
+alpha=20; //Firing angle in degree
+Vdo=3*sqrt(3*2)*Em/(%pi*sqrt(3)); //Direct output voltage in kV
+Rc=-(Vd-(Vdo*cosd(alpha))/Id); //Effective Commutation resistance in Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nThe effective commutation resistance is %.2f Ohm",Rc);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..313454df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..008d5c64c --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 16.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=500; //Dc supply voltage in kV
+ang1=20; //Advance angle in degree
+ang2=10; //Extinction angle in degree
+Vdi=1/2*(cosd(20)+cosd(10)); //Dc voltage in kV
+Em=(V*%pi)/(Vdi*3*sqrt(3)); //Ac output voltage in kV
+
+
+printf("\nThe ac voltage output of the inverter is %.2f kV",Em);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cad027f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=110; //Supply voltage in kV
+P1=30; //Load for 5 hours in MW
+P2=15; //Load for 10 hours in MW
+P3=8; //Load for 9 hours in MW
+pf1=0.8; //Lagging power factor of 30 MW load
+pf2=0.9; //Lagging power factor of 15 MW load
+pf3=1; //Unity power factor of 8 MW load
+I1=P1*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf1); //Current of 30 MW load in Amps
+I2=P2*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf2); //Current of 15 MW load in Amps
+I3=P3*10^(6)/(sqrt(3)*V*10^(3)*pf3); //Current of 8 MW load in Amps
+
+//The remaining of the problem cannot be solved using SCILAB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0163c16f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..90245f151 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.7
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Vs=220; //Supply voltage in Volt
+r=1; //Resistance in Ohm/km
+D_aC=5; //Voltage drop in section aC in Volt
+D_C1E1=1; //Voltage drop in section C1E1 in Volt
+D_PE1=0.5; //Voltage drop in section pE1 in Volt
+D_CB=3; //Voltage drop in section CB in Volt
+D_B1D1=1; //Voltage drop in section B1D1 in Volt
+D_D1C1=0; //Voltage drop in section D1C1 in Volt
+D_Eb=3; //Voltage drop in section Eb in Volt
+D_BA=1.5; //Voltage drop in section BA in Volt
+D_A1D=2; //Voltage drop in section A1D in Volt
+D_DE=3; //Voltage drop in section DE in Volt
+CC1=Vs-D_aC-D_C1E1+D_PE1; //Voltage across section CC1 in Volt
+BB1=CC1-D_CB-D_B1D1-D_D1C1; //Voltage across section BB1 in Volt
+E1E=Vs-D_PE1-D_Eb; //Voltage across section E1E in Volt
+D1D=E1E+D_C1E1+D_D1C1-D_DE; //Voltage across section D1D in Volt
+AA1=2*Vs-D_aC-D_CB-D_BA-D_A1D-D_DE-D_Eb; //Voltage across section AA1 in Volt
+
+printf("\nThe voltage across load points are %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt and %.1f volt",CC1,BB1,E1E,D1D,AA1);
diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9235d79ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c580787d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 17.9
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=220; //Supply voltage in Volt
+R=0.06; //Resistance in Ohm
+X=0.1; //Reactance in Ohm/km
+L=1; //Length of section AB and BC in km
+IB=100*(0.8+%i*0.6); //Current at point B in Amps
+IC=100*(1+%i*0); //Current at point C in Amps
+ZBC=(R+%i*X); //Impedance of section BC in Ohm
+ZAB=(R+%i*X); //Impedance of section AB in Ohm
+BC=IC*ZBC; //Drop in section BC in Volt
+VB=V+BC; //Potential at point B in Volt
+I_AB=IB+IC; //Current in section AB in Amps
+V_AB=(IB+IC)*ZAB; //Voltage drop in section AB Volt
+VA=VB+V_AB; //Voltage at point A in Volt
+VB1=V+BC; //Potential at point B in Volt
+pfa=acosd(0.8); //Power factor angle of the load at point B
+ref_ang=-pfa-atand(imag(VB1),real(VB1)); //Leading Power factor angle with reference to Vc
+IB1=100*(cosd(ref_ang)+%i*sind(ref_ang)); //Current at point B in Amps
+I_AB1=IB+IC; //Current in section AB in Amps
+V_AB1=(IB+IC)*ZAB; //Voltage drop in section AB Volt
+VA1=VB1+V_AB1; //Voltage at point A in Volt
+
+
+printf("\nThe sending end voltage is %.2f Volt",abs(VA));
+printf("\nThe phase angle difference between the voltages of two ends is %.2f degree",atand(imag(VA),real(VA)));
+printf("\npower factor of the loads are with reference to farther-end voltage is %.2f degree",pfa);
+printf("\npower factor of the loads are with reference to the voltages at the load points is %.2f degree",-(ref_ang));
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..09a302893 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4009ba05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH19/EX19.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 19.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+V=132; //Operating Voltage in kV
+C=0.2; //Line to Ground Capacitance in microFarad
+f=50; //Supply Frequency in Hz
+L=1/(3*(2*%pi*f)^(2)*C*10^(-6)); //Inductance of Coil in H
+VA_coil=(132e3/1.732)^(2)/(2*%pi*f*L); //Rating of Coil in VA
+KVA_coil=VA_coil/1e3; //To convert VA value into kVA value
+
+printf("\nThe value of inductance of arc suppressor coil is %.2f H",L);
+printf("\nThe KVA rating of coil is %.3e kVA",KVA_coil);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d47035847 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40ac1a822 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+vs=220; // Supply voltage in Volts
+rs=5; // Series resistance in Ohms
+rp=2; // Parallel resistance in Ohms
+xlp=8*%i; // Parallel inductive reactance in Ohms
+xcp=-6*%i; // Parallel capacitive reactance in Ohms
+zeq=((rp+xlp)*xcp)/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Equivalent impedance of parallel branch in Ohms
+I=vs/(rs+zeq); // Current in the series branch in Ampere
+Ps=((I)^2)*rs; // Power in 5 ohm resistor Watts
+I1=I*xcp/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Current in branch ab in Ampere
+I2=I*(rp+xlp)/(rp+xlp+xcp); // Current in branch cd in Ampere
+Pab=(I1^2)*rp; // Power loss in branch ab resistor in Watts
+Qab=(I1^2)*xlp; // Power loss in branch ab inductor in VAR
+Qcd=(I2^2)*(xcp); // Power loss in branch cd capacitor in VAR
+
+printf('The power loss in 5 ohm resistor is %.2f watts \n',abs(Ps))
+printf('The power loss in branch ab resistor is %.2f watts \n',abs(Pab))
+printf('The power loss in branch ab induoctor is %.2f VAR \n',abs(Qab))
+printf('The power loss in branch cd capacitor is %.2f VAR \n',-abs(Qcd)) //Negative sign since capacitor supplies reactive power
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a708b2b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff2129764 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+MVAnew=100; //MVA reference in MVA
+KVnew=11; //KV reference before Transformer in kV
+KVnew1=132; //KV reference after Transformer in kV
+MVAg1=100; //Apparent power in Generator 1 in MVA
+KVg1=11; //Voltage at Generator bus 1 in kV
+Xg1=0.25; //Reactance of Generator 1 at individual p.u. Ohm
+MVAg2=150; //Apparent power in Generator 2 in MVA
+KVg2=16; //Voltage at Generator bus 2 in kV
+Xg2=0.10; //Reactance of Generator 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAg3=200; //Apparent power in Generator 3 in MVA
+KVg3=21; //Voltage at Generator bus 3 in kV
+Xg3=0.15; //Reactance of Generator 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt1=150; //Apparent power in Transformer 1 in MVA
+t1pry=11; //Primary voltage in Transformer 1 in kV
+t1sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 1 in kV
+Xt1=0.05; //Reactance of Transformer 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt2=200; //Apparent power in Transformer 2 in MVA
+t2pry=16; //Primary voltage in Transformer 2 in kV
+t2sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 2 in kV
+Xt2=0.10; //Reactance of Transformer 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+MVAt3=250; //Apparent power in Transformer 3 in MVA
+t3pry=21; //Primary voltage in Transformer 3 in kV
+t3sec=132; //Secondary voltage in Transformer 3 in kV
+Xt3=0.05; //Reactance of Transformer 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl1=100; //Reactance of Transmission line 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl2=50; //Reactance of Transmission line 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+Xl3=80; //Reactance of Transmission line 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+X1=Xg1*(MVAnew/MVAg1)*(KVg1/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+X2=Xg2*(MVAnew/MVAg2)*(KVg2/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+X3=Xg3*(MVAnew/MVAg3)*(KVg3/KVnew)^2; //Reactance of Generator 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+T1=Xt1*(MVAnew/MVAt1)*(t1pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+T2=Xt2*(MVAnew/MVAt2)*(t2pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+T3=Xt3*(MVAnew/MVAt3)*(t3pry/KVnew)^2; //Impedance of Transformer 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+Zb=((KVnew1)^2)/MVAnew; //Base Reactance of Transmission line at Ohm
+L1=Xl1/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 1 at individual p.u Ohm
+L2=Xl2/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 2 at individual p.u Ohm
+L3=Xl3/Zb; //Reactance of Transmission line 3 at individual p.u Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 1 is %.3f p.u",X1);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 2 is %.3f p.u",X2);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Generator 3 is %.3f p.u",X3);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 1 is %.3f p.u",T1);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 2 is %.3f p.u",T2);
+printf("\nPer unit impedance of Transformer 3 is %.3f p.u",T3);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 1 is %.3f p.u",L1);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 2 is %.3f p.u",L2);
+printf("\nPer unit Reactance of line 3 is %.3f p.u",L3);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf44c52a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26acc005b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+kVpry=220; //Primary voltage of Transformer in kV
+kVsec=400; //Secondary voltage of Transformer in kV
+MVAb=240; //Apparent Base power in Transformer in MVA
+Zpry=3+%i*8; //Primary Impedance of Transformer in Ohm
+Zsec=5+%i*10; //Secondary Impedance of Transformer in Ohm
+Zlv=(Zpry)+(Zsec)*(kVpry/kVsec)^2; //Impedance referred to LV side in Ohm
+Zlvpu=(Zlv)*(MVAb/(kVpry)^2); //Per unit impedance referred to LV side in p.u. Ohm
+Zhv=(Zsec)+(Zpry)*(kVsec/kVpry)^2; //Impedance referred to HV side in Ohm
+Zhvpu=(Zhv)*(MVAb/(kVsec)^2); //Per unit impedance referred to HV side in p.u. Ohm
+
+
+printf("\nPer unit impedance referred to the L.V side is %.6f + j%.6f",real (Zlvpu),imag (Zlvpu));
+printf("\nPer unit impedance referred to the H.V side is %.6f + j%.6f",real (Zhvpu),imag (Zhvpu));
diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e25785676 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3d16b167 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 3.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+V=240; //Three phase supply voltage in Volts
+Rl=20; //Load Resistance in Ohms
+Vbase=240; //Three phase Base voltage in Volts
+VAbase=10*10^3; //Base voltage in kVA
+Vpu=V/Vbase; //Voltage in p.u.
+Zbase=(Vbase^2/VAbase); //Base Impedance in Ohms
+Zpu=Rl/Zbase; //Load Impedance in p.u.
+Ibase=VAbase/((nthroot(3,2))*Vbase); //Base Current in Amps
+Ipu=Vpu/Zpu; //Current drawn in p.u.
+Ia=Ipu*Ibase; //Current drawn in Amps
+P=Vpu*Ipu; //Power drawn in p.u.
+Pt=(Ipu*VAbase)/1000; //Power drawn in kW
+
+
+printf("\nCurrent drawn in amps %.2f A",Ia);
+printf("\nPer unit value of current referred to the load side %.3f p.u",Ipu);
+printf("\nPower drawn in kilo watts %.3f kW",Pt);
+printf("\nPer unit value of Power referred to the load side %.3f p.u",P);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..985fc4dbf --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a6ceac4d --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+Z=[400,380,350,300,350,500,700,750,900,1200,1350,1200,1000,950,1250,1300,1400,1300,1500,1800,2000,1950,1000,800];
+Totalenergy = 0; //Initial Total energy
+for i=1:length(Z)
+Totalenergy=Z(i)+Totalenergy;
+end
+Averagedemand=Totalenergy/24; //Average demand of the feeder in kW
+Maximumdemand=2000; //Maximum demand of the feeder in kW
+Loadfactor=Averagedemand/Maximumdemand; //Load factor of the feeder
+Lossfactor=0.14; //Loss factor of the feeder
+Peakloadpowerloss=108; //Peakload power loss of the feeder in kW
+Averagepowerloss=Lossfactor*Peakloadpowerloss; //Average power loss of the feeder in kW
+Annualpowerloss=Averagepowerloss*365; //Annual power loss of the feeder in kW
+Connecteddemand=2500; //Connected demand of the feeder in kW
+Demandfactor=Maximumdemand/Connecteddemand; //Demand factor of the feeder
+
+
+
+printf("\nThe average powerloss of the feeder %.2f kW",Averagepowerloss);
+printf("\nThe annual powerloss of the feeder %.1f kW",Annualpowerloss);
+printf("\nThe demand factor of the feeder %.2f",Demandfactor);
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d614df1b --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f8266868 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+max_demand=100; //Maximum demand of generating station in MW
+LF=0.65; //Load factor of generating station in percentage
+PCF=0.50; //Plant capacity factor of generating station in percentage
+PUF=0.80; //Plant use factor of generating station in percentage
+avg_demand=max_demand*LF; //Average demand of generating station in MW
+daily_energy=avg_demand*24; //Daily energy produced by generating station in MWh
+PRC=avg_demand/PCF; //Plant rated capacity of generating station in MW
+RC=PRC-max_demand; //Reserve capacity of generating station in MW
+max_energy=PRC*24; //Maximum energy produced if plant is running all the time in MWh
+FL_max_energy=daily_energy/PUF; //Maximum energy produced if plant is running at full load in MWh
+UF=max_demand/PRC; //Utilization factor of generating station
+
+
+printf("\nDaily energy produced %.f MWh",daily_energy);
+printf("\nInstalled capacity of plant %.f MW",PRC);
+printf("\nReserve capacity of plant %.f MW",RC);
+printf("\nMaximum energy that could be produced if the plant is running all the time %.f MWh",max_energy);
+printf("\nMaximum energy that could be produced if the plant is running at full load %.f MWh",FL_max_energy);
+printf("\nUtilization factor %.3f",UF);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8642ae773 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..029f1c278 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+peak_dem_light=200; //Peak demand of the light load in kW
+max_dem_light=200; //Maximum demand of the light load in kW
+max_dem_rest=1800; //Maximum demand of the rest load in kW
+peak_dem_rest=1800; //Peak demand of the rest load in kW
+c_light=peak_dem_light/max_dem_light; //Contribution factor for street lighting load
+c_rest=peak_dem_rest/max_dem_rest; //Contribution factor for street rest load
+DF=(peak_dem_light+peak_dem_rest)/(c_light*max_dem_light+c_rest*max_dem_rest); //Diversity factor of the feeder
+CF=1/DF; //Coincidence factor of the load group
+
+printf("\nClass contribution factor for street lightning is %.1f and the remaining load is %.1f",c_light,c_rest);
+printf("\nDiversity factor of the feeder %.1f",DF);
+printf("\nCoincidence factor of the load group %.1f",CF);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..69b268961 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2904b4516 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.4
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+P=20; //Load in kW
+pf1=0.8; //Actual Power factor
+pf2=0.95; //Required Power factor
+phi1=acos(pf1); //Actual Power factor angle in degree
+phi2=acos(pf2); //Required Power factor angle in degree
+S1=P/pf1; //Actual Apparent Power in kVA
+S2=P/pf2; //Modified Apparent Power in kVA
+C_VAR=S1*sin(phi1)-S2*sin(phi2); //Required rating of the Capacitor in kVAR
+phi3=acos(0.1); //Power factor Angle of Phase Advancing device in degree
+alpha=phi1-phi2; //Angle in degree
+Beta=%pi/2-acos(0.1)+%pi-(phi1+%pi/2); //Angle in degree
+del=%pi-(Beta+alpha); //Angle in degree
+ph_adv_KVA=S1*sin(alpha)/sin(del); //Apparent Power of the Phase advancing device in kVA
+
+printf("\nThe rating of capacitor to raise the power factor to 0.95 lagging is %.2f kVAR",C_VAR);
+printf("\nThe rating of the phase advancing device is %.2f kVA",ph_adv_KVA);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e78695e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2bbf254e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.5
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+LF=0.35; //Load factor in percentage
+mon_consumption=504; //Monthly consumption in kWh
+max_dem_rate=180; //Maximum demand per kWh in Rs
+Unit_rate=2.00; //Unit rate of electricity per kWh in Rs
+max_dem1=mon_consumption/(LF*24*30); //Maximum demand of consumer in kW
+mon_bill1=(max_dem1*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*mon_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost1=mon_bill1/mon_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+new_consumption=mon_consumption*1.20; //New consumption of consumer in kWh
+max_dem2=new_consumption/(LF*24*30); //Maximum demand of same Load factor in kW
+mon_bill2=(max_dem2*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*new_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost2=mon_bill2/new_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+max_dem3=mon_consumption/(0.40*24*30); //Maximum demand of increased load factor in kW
+mon_bill3=(max_dem3*max_dem_rate)+(Unit_rate*mon_consumption); //Monthly bill of consumer in Rs
+overall_cost3=mon_bill3/mon_consumption; //Overall cost of consumer in Rs
+
+printf("\nThe monthly bill is %.f Rs and the average cost per KWh is %.2f Rs",mon_bill1,overall_cost1);
+printf("\nThe overall cost per kWh if the consumption is increased by 20 percentage with the same load factor is %.2f Rs",overall_cost2);
+printf("\nThe overall cost per kWh if the consumption remains same but loadfactor is increased to 40 percentage is %.2f Rs",overall_cost3);
diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..14edc0a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec1812424 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 4.6
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+k=0.6;
+t=1.503032/0.6; //Time in hours
+Df=3; //Density factor
+P=30- 8*sin(k*t)+0.325*t; //Load variation at a power supply station in MW
+i=1;
+n=1;
+while (t(i)<24)
+t(i+1)=(2*n*%pi-1.503032)/0.6;
+t(i+2)=(2*n*%pi+1.503032)/0.6;
+if (t(i+1)<24)&(t(i+2)<24) then
+ i=i+2;
+else
+ t(i+1)=25;
+ i=i+1;
+end
+n=n+1;
+end
+P=30- 8*sin(k*t)+0.325*t;
+Max_demand=max(P); //Maximum demand on the system in MW
+Avg_load=(1/24)*(30*24+(8/0.6)*(cosd(0.6*24)-cosd(0.6*0))+0.325*24^(2)/2); //Applying integration for power equation
+Lf=Avg_load/Max_demand; //Load factor of the system
+Total_load=Max_demand*Df; //Total installed load of the system in MW
+
+
+printf("\nMaximum demand on the system is %.3f MW",Max_demand);
+printf("\nLoad factor of the system %.3f",Lf);
+printf("\nTotal installed load is %.3f MW",Total_load);
+ //different t values cannot be obtained for section d so cannot be solved in scilab
+ //Variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Avg load value in the book
+
diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a22aa5f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc70f44da --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 6.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+reser_catch_area=50; //Catchment area of reservoir in km^2
+avg_rainfall=150; //Average rainfall in cm/year
+station_head=40; //Mean head of station in m
+UF=0.75; //Utilization factor
+LF=0.75; //Load factor
+tur_eff=0.88; //Efficiency of turbine
+gen_eff=0.93; //Efficiency of generator
+water_volume=reser_catch_area*10^6*1.5*UF; //Available water for electricity production in m^3
+Q=water_volume/(365*24*60*60); //Available quantity in m^3/sec
+P=(0.736/75)*Q*1000*station_head*tur_eff*gen_eff; //Power of station in kW
+install_cap_gen=P/LF; //Generator installed capacity in kW
+
+printf("\nThe power is %.2f kW",P);
+printf("\nInstalled capacity of the generator is %.f kW",install_cap_gen);
+ //variation present in result due to wrong calculation of Q value
diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..873dda7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9c640a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 6.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+
+
+clc;
+clear;
+clf;
+
+
+
+q=[500 500 350 200 300 800 1100 900 400 200 0];
+t=0:1:10;
+subplot(3,1,1);
+title("Hydrograph");
+xlabel("Time (Weeks)");
+ylabel("Q (m3/Sec)");
+plot2d2(t,q);
+Avg=sum(q)/max(t); //Average Discharge in a Week in m^3/sec
+percent=[0 1100];
+j=1;
+for temp=1100:-200:100
+ count=0;
+ for i=1:1:11
+ if q(i) >= temp then
+ count=count+1;
+ else
+ count=count+0;
+ end
+ end
+ j=j+1;
+ percent(j,:)=[count*10 temp];
+end
+subplot(3,1,2);
+title("Flow duration curve");
+xlabel("Percentage of time");
+ylabel("Q (m3/Sec)");
+plot2d(percent(:,1),percent(:,2));
+y=cumsum(7*q);
+subplot(3,1,3);
+title("Mass curve");
+xlabel("Time (Weeks)");
+ylabel("Cumulative flow(day-sec-metre)");
+plot2d([1:1:10],resize_matrix(y,-1,10),rect=[0 0 11 40000]);
+
+
+printf("\nAverage weekly discharge is %.f m^3/sec",Avg);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf83e9936 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..034427721 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.1
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+helium_atomic_mass=4.002603; //Atomic mass of Helium in amu
+mp=1.007277; //Atomic mass of Proton in amu
+mn=1.008665; //Atomic mass of Neutron in amu
+me=0.00055; //Atomic mass of Electron in amu
+del_m=2*mp+2*me+2*mn-helium_atomic_mass; //Mass Defect in amu
+Be=del_m*931; //Helium Binding Energy in MeV
+Be_molecule=Be/4; //Helium Binding Energy per Nucleon in MeV
+
+
+printf("\nBinding energy per nucleon is %.3f MeV",Be_molecule);
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..351b03f60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ee5aadc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.2
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+rad_atomic_mass=226.095; //Atomic Mass of Radium in amu
+rad_decay_const=1.3566*10^-11; //Decay Constant of Radium in 1/s
+Half_life=0.6931/rad_decay_const; //Radium Half Life in sec
+Half_life_yr=Half_life/(365*24*60*60); //Radium Half Life in year
+N=6.023*10^23/rad_atomic_mass; //Number of atoms per gram of Radium
+Activity=rad_decay_const*N; //Activity of Radium in disintegration/second
+Activity_curi=Activity/(3.7*10^10); //Activity of Radium in Ci
+
+
+printf("\nHalf life is %e sec or %.2f yr",Half_life,Half_life_yr);
+printf("\nThe initial activity is %.3f Ci",Activity_curi);
diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..41080b4c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.JPG diff --git a/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..095c506b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3888/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution by S.N.Singh
+//Publisher:PHI Learning Private Limited
+//Year: 2012 ; Edition - 2
+//Example 7.3
+//Scilab Version : 6.0.0 ; OS : Windows
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+
+neu_absor=0.80; //Absorbed Neutrons of Uranium_235 in percentage
+P=100; //Power of Uranium_235 in kW
+use_energy=190; //Useful Energy of Uranium_235 in MeV
+energy=use_energy*10^6*1.60*10^-19; //Fission Energy of Uranium_235 in J
+fission_energy=1/energy; //Number of Fission to Produced One Joule of Energy
+nuclei_power=fission_energy*3600*10^6/neu_absor; //Number of Nuclei Burnt during 1 hour per MW of Power
+Mass=nuclei_power*235/(6.023*10^23); //Mass of Uranium_235 to produce required Power in g/hr
+
+
+printf("\nFuel consumption of U-235 to produce 100 MW will be %.4f g/hr",Mass*100);
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