diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3739')
79 files changed, 1710 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3739/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce b/3739/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63aa53710 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH1/EX1.1/EX1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Chapter 1, Example 1.1
+clc
+//Initialisation
+fo=8387.5; //in MHz
+
+//Calculation
+//defining a function for 6 MHZ channels with 14 MHz separation
+deff('[fn]=F(n,fo)','fn=fo-108.5+(14*n)');
+deff('[fn]=F1(n,fo)','fn=fo+10.5+(14*n)');
+
+//defining a function for 12 MHZ channels with 7 MHz separation
+deff('[fn]=F2(n,fo)','fn=fo-108.5+(7*n)');
+deff('[fn]=F3(n,fo)','fn=fo+17.5+(7*n)');
+
+//Result
+printf("(1) 6-RF channels with 14 MHz separation")
+printf("\n f1 = %d",F(1,fo))
+printf("\n f11 = %d",F1(1,fo))
+printf("\n f2 = %d",F(2,fo))
+printf("\n f21 = %d",F1(2,fo))
+printf("\n f3 = %d",F(3,fo))
+printf("\n f31 = %d",F1(3,fo))
+printf("\n\n(2) 12-RF channels with 7 MHz separation")
+printf("\n f1 = %d",F2(1,fo))
+printf("\n f11 = %d",F3(1,fo))
+printf("\n f2 = %d",F2(2,fo))
+printf("\n f21 = %d",F3(2,fo))
+printf("\n f3 = %d",F2(3,fo)) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\n f31 = %d",F3(3,fo)) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a42fb2950 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.1/EX2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.1, page 25
+clc
+//Initialisation
+sig=0.005 //sigma
+ur=1 //relative permeability
+er=12 //relative permittivity
+eo=8.85*10**-12 //permittivity of a free space
+f1=10*10**3 //frequency of radio wave 1
+f2=10*10**9 //frequency of radio wave 2
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+c1=sig/(2*pi*f1*eo*er) //conductivity at f1
+c2=sig/(2*pi*f2*eo*er) //conductivity at f2
+
+
+//Result
+printf("conductivity at f1 = %.1f >> 1\n",c1)
+printf("conductivity at f2 = %.1f x10^-4 >> 1",(c2*10**4))
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a5116df2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.10/EX2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.10, page 50
+clc
+//Initialisation
+ri1=1.00025 //refractive index
+ri2=1.00023 //refractive index
+h1=1 //height in Km
+h2=1.5 //height in Km
+n=1.00026 //variation
+
+
+//Calculation
+deln=ri1-ri2
+delh=h2-h1
+d=deln/delh
+R=n/d //radius of curvature
+
+
+//Result
+printf("Radiowave curvature radius, R = %.d Km",R)
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a729641db --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.11/EX2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.11, page 51
+clc
+//Initialisation
+R=25000 //path curvature radius in Km
+Re=6370 //Earth radius in Km
+
+
+//Calculation
+K=R*(R-Re)**-1 //K factor
+Re1=K*Re //equivalent radii of the Earth
+R1=(1*Re1**-1)-(1*Re**-1)+(1*R**-1)
+d=1*R1**-1 //equivalent radii of the path
+
+
+//Result
+printf("K = %.3f",K)
+printf("\nRe1 = %d Km",Re1)
+printf("\nR1 = %.1f Km\n",d)
+printf("Therefore, R1 ~ infinity")
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f79e8ca44 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.2/EX2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.2, page 26
+clc
+//Initialisation
+c1=3*10**8 //speed of light in m/s
+f1=100*10**6 //frequency in hertz
+f2=1*10**9 //requency in hertz
+
+//Calculation
+v1=c1/(9) //velocity in m/s
+v2=c1 //velocity in m/s
+h1=v1*f1**-1 //wavelength at f1, v1
+h2=v2*f1**-1 //wavelength at f1, v2
+h3=v1*f2**-1 //wavelength at f2, v1
+h4=v2*f2**-1 //wavelength at f2, v2
+
+//Result
+printf("Velocity,")
+printf("\nV1 = %.2f x10^7 m/s",(v1*10**-7))
+printf("\nV2 = %.2f x10^8 m/s",(v2*10**-8))
+printf("\n\nfor f1 = 100 MHz,")
+printf("\nlambda1 = %f m",h1)
+printf("\nlambda2 = %d m",h2)
+printf("\n\nfor f2 = 1 GHz,")
+printf("\nlambda1 = %.2f cm",(h3*10))
+printf("\nlambda2 = %d cm",(h4*10**2))
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db77bc868 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.3/EX2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2_3, page 37 +clc + +//Initialisation +s=0.08 //medium conductivit +w=10**7 //angular velocity +e=8.85*10**-7 //permitivity if free space +u=14 //medium permeability +uo=4*3.14*10**-7 //permeability of free space +pi=3.14 + +//Calculation +f=w*(2*pi)**-1 //frequency +a1=sqrt(f*pi*s*uo) //attenuation +b=a1 //phase +d=complex(a1,b) +y=d //propagation constants +z=log10(0.5)/(-log10(exp(1))*2*a1) //Depth of the land + +//Result +printf("(1) Attenuation = %.1f Np/m",a1) +printf("\n Phase = %.1f Rad/m",b) +printf("\n Propagation constant = %.1f",real(y)) +printf("\n + %.1f j rad/m",imag(y)) +printf("\n(2) Depth of land = %.2f m",z) diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cde94a5a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.6/EX2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.6, page 38
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+W=100*10**-12 //power in watt
+pi=3.14 //pi
+no=120*pi
+
+//Calculation
+Em=sqrt(2*no*W) //effective value of E
+Ee=Em/sqrt(2) //effective value of E
+Hm=sqrt((2*10**-10)/(no)) //effective value of H
+He=Hm/sqrt(2) //effective value of H
+
+//Result
+printf("Em = %.1f uV/m",(Em*10**6))
+printf("\nEe = %.1f uV/m",(Ee*10**6))
+printf("\nHm = %.3f uA/m",(Hm*10**6))
+printf("\nHe = %.2f uA/m",(He*10**6))
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4a6d5597 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.7/EX2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.7, page 39
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=7.5 //frequency in GHz
+d=40 //link distance in Km
+Pt=30 //transmitter power in dBm
+La=15 //additional loss
+Pth=-78 //RX threshold
+
+//Calculation
+FSL=92.4+(20*log10(f*d)) //FSL
+RSL=Pt-(0.4*FSL)-La //RSL
+FM=RSL-Pth //fade margin
+
+//Result
+printf("(1) Received signal level (RSL) = %.1f dBm",RSL)
+printf("\n(2) Fade margin = %.1f dB",FM)
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa34aec73 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.8/EX2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.8, page 45
+clc
+//Initialisation
+Pt=10 //transmitter power in watt
+Gt=5 //antenna power in dBm
+Lt=2 //feeder loss in dB
+d=8000 //distance in meter
+pi=3.14 //pi
+no=120*pi
+
+//Calculation
+EIRP=Pt+Gt-Lt
+x=EIRP*10**-1
+EIRP2=10**x //Equivalent isotropic radiated power
+Ed=sqrt(30*EIRP2)/d //Electric Field Intensity
+W=(Ed**2)/(2*no) //power in watt
+
+//Result
+printf("EIRP = %.1f W",EIRP2)
+printf("\n|Ed| = %.2f mV/m",(Ed*10**3))
+printf("\n W = %.1f nW/m^2",(W*10**9))
diff --git a/3739/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce b/3739/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7ff25591 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH2/EX2.9/EX2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 2, Example 2.9, page 47
+clc
+//Initialisation
+FSL=128 //FSL in dB
+Lb=135 //Sum of FSL and medium loss Lm
+Lc=5
+Gt=30 //transmitter gain in dB
+Gr=30 //reciever gain in dB
+Pr=-60 //received signal level
+
+//Calculation
+Lm=Lb-FSL //medium loss in dB
+Lm1=10**(Lm*10**-1) //medium loss
+Pt=Lc+Lb-Gt-Gr+Pr //power in dBm
+Pt1=10**(Pt*10**-1) //power in watt
+
+//Result
+printf("Medium Loss = %d",Lm1)
+printf("\nPt = %.1f mW",(Pt1))
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9c7910c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.1, page 61
+clc
+//Initialisation
+h=2 //height in Km
+h1=5 //height in Km
+
+
+//Calculation
+t2=290-(6.5*h) //Proposed formula for height h=2Km
+p2=950-117*h
+e2=8-3*h
+t21=294.98-5.22*h-0.007*h**2
+p21=1012.82-111.56*h+3.86*h**2
+p=14.35*2.72**(-0.42*h-0.02*h*h+0.001*h**3)
+
+t5=290-6.5*h1 //proposed formula for height h=5Km
+p5=950-117*h1
+e5=8-3*h1
+t51=294.98-5.22*h1-0.007*h1**2
+p51=1012.82-111.56*h1+3.86*h1**2
+p1=14.35*2.72**(-0.42*h1-0.02*h1**2+0.001*h1**3)
+
+
+//Results
+printf("T(2) = %.1f K",t21)
+printf("\nP(2) = %.2f hpa",p21)
+printf("\np(2) = %.2f hpa",p)
+printf("\nT(5) = %.1f K",t51)
+printf("\nP(5) = %.2f hpa",p51)
+printf("\np(5) = %.2f hpa",p1)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.10/EX3_10.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.10/EX3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b458aa5b --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.10/EX3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.10, page 92
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=5*10**9 //frequency in Hz
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+h1=6 //in metre
+h2=2 //in metre
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength
+w=atan(h1*2250**-1) //grazing angle in radian
+w1=w*180*pi**-1 //grazing angle in degree
+a=((2*pi*h1*h2)*(h*300)**-1)*3.14*180**-1
+e=sin(a)
+F=e*2*180*pi**-1 //PGF value (wrong value calculated in textbook)
+LR=20*log10(F) //Decrease in received signal level
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Grazing angle = %.2f degree",w1)
+printf("\n(2) PGF value = %f",F) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\n(3) Decrease in received signal level = %.2f dB",LR) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.11/EX3_11.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.11/EX3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32725d46d --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.11/EX3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.11, page 98
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=12.5*10**-2 //in meter
+d1=10*10**3 //in meter
+d2=15*10**3 //in meter
+d3=12.5*10**3 //in meter
+d4=12.5*10**3 //in meter
+h=1.25 //in Kilometer
+
+//Calculation
+r1=(((d1*d2)/(d1+d2))*h)**0.5 //radius of first and fourth Fresnel zones
+r4=r1*(4)**0.5
+R1=(((d3*d4)/(d3+d4))*h)**0.5 //radius of first and fourth ellipse zones
+R4=R1*(4)**0.5
+
+//Results
+printf("Radius of first fresnel zones, r1 = %.2f m",r1)
+printf("\nRadius of Second fresnel zones, r4= %.2f m",r4)
+printf("\nh = %.2f x 10^-4 Km",h)
+printf("\nRadius of first ellipse, R1 = %.2f m",R1)
+printf("\nRadius of second ellipse, R4 = %.1f m",R4)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.pdf b/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2f0ba87d --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.pdf diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32464704b --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.12/EX3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.12, page 105 +clc + + +//Initialisation +L=13200 //L parameter in m +H=10240 //H parameter +Re=6370000 //actual redius of earth +ht=30 //height in m +hr=20 // in m +re1=8453000 // in metre +h1=30000 // in metre +h2=20000 //in metre +dt1=22.5 +f=10*10**9 //frequency in Hz +c=3*10**8 //speed of light +d=30000 //distance in m +pt=30 //transmitter antenna power +gt=40 //transmitter antenna gain +gr=40 //receiver antenna gain +pi=3.14 +F3=-3 +H=-34 +D=0.75 + +//Calculation +dt=sqrt(2*re1*ht) +X=3*dt*L**-1 +Z1=h1*H**-1 +Z2=h2*H**-1 +vx=10**-3.5 //from fig 3.26 +z1=10**0.95 //from fig 3.27 +z2=10**0.65 //from fig 3.27 + +//for d=3dt +lv=20*log10(vx) +lz1=20*log10(z1) +lz2=20*log10(z2) +F=(lv+lz1+lz2)*20**-1 +F1=10**(F) +F11=20*log10(F1) +X1=2*dt*L**-1 +d3=3 +f3=-F11 + +vx1=10**-2.35 //from fig 3.26 +lv1=20*log10(vx1) + +//for d=2dt +F4=1+D +F5=20*log10(F4) +d2=2 +f2=-F5 + + +//for d=1.1dt +F6=sqrt(1+D**2) +F7=20*log10(F6) +d11=1.1 +f11=-F7 + +//for d=dt +d1=1 +f1=0.2 + +//for plotting graph in terms of points + + + +for N=0:1:5 + a=plot(1,0.2,'-o') + a1=plot(1.1,-1.9,'-o') + a2=plot(2,-4.8,'-o') + a3=plot(3,-38,'-o') +end + +title('Path gain F','fontsize',5); +xlabel("d/dt", "fontsize", 3); +ylabel("20log(F)(dB)", "fontsize", 3, "color", "blue"); +xstring(1,2,"d/dt",0,0); +xstring(1.2,0.7,"1.1d/dt",0,0); +xstring(2,-0.7,"2d/dt",0,0); +xstring(2.86,-35,"3d/dt",0,0); + + + +h=c*f**-1 //wavelength +Pr=pt+gt+gr+H+F3-10*log10(4*pi*d**2) //Received signal power + + +//Results +printf("(1) Effective receiver path gain F = %.4f",F11) +printf("\n(2) Path gain F plot is shown") +printf("\n(3) Received signal power Pr = %.1f dBm",Pr) diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.13/EX3_13.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.13/EX3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f675b1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.13/EX3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.13, page 109
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+eirp=800 //in KW
+d=24 //in Km
+a=0.03 //in radian
+d1=22 //in Km
+d2=2 //in Km
+h=0.4*10**-3 //wavelength in m
+Er=45 //in microvolt
+
+//Calculation
+E=104.8+10*log10(eirp)-20*log10(d) //field intensity
+V=a*sqrt((2*d2*d1)/((d1+d2)*h)) //knife edge obstacle attenuation
+Lke=23 //from table 3.4
+er=10**(Er*20**-1)
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Electric field intensity = %.3f microV/m",er)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.14/EX3_14.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.14/EX3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ac627270 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.14/EX3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.14, page 115
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f1=430 //upper frequency band
+f2=410 //lower frequency band
+d=80 //distance in meter
+
+//Calculation
+Yv=0.1 //Specific attenuation obtained from graph fig 3.34
+Lv=Yv*d //loss of forest trees
+Am=((f1+f2)/2)**0.5 //maximum value for trees excess loss.
+
+//Results
+printf("Specific attenuation index, Yv = %.1f dB/m",Yv)
+printf("\nLoss of forest trees, Lv = %.1f dB",Lv)
+printf("\nMaximum value for trees excess loss = %.1f dB",Am)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.15/EX3_15.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.15/EX3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f567fee49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.15/EX3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.15, page 118
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+d=40 //length in meter
+Am=2 //area in square meter
+f=10*10**9 //frequency in hertz
+
+//Calculation
+As=40 //using graph fig 3.36, As can be obtained
+As1=30 //using graph fig 3.37, As can be obtained
+
+//Results
+printf("Loss in the summer for trees with leaves, As = %d dB",As)
+printf("\nLoss in winter for trees without leaves, As = %d dB",As1)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..675268f62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.2/EX3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.2, page 63
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=2 //Height in Km
+T=277 //Tempreture in Kelvin
+p=716
+e=2
+
+
+//Calculation
+er=1+(151.1/T)*(p+(4810*h/T))*10**-6
+n=er**(0.515) //refractive index of the air
+N=(n-1)*10**6 //refractivity number
+
+
+//Results
+printf("n = %.5f",n)
+printf("\nN = %d",N)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54c1b2457 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.3/EX3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.3, page 67
+clc
+//Initialisation
+er=1.001 //relative permittivity of a medium
+dn=35*10**-6 //vertical gradient of refractive index
+Re=6370 //actual redius of earth
+d=20 //transmitter and receiver distance in Km
+d1=5
+d2=15
+K1=1.3333 //standard atmosphere condition
+
+//Calculation
+R=(er**0.5)/dn
+K=R/(R-Re)
+hm=(125*d**2)/(K*Re) //Earth bulge value in the middle of the path
+h1=(500*d1*d2)/(K*Re) //h1
+h2=(500*d1*d2)/(K1*Re) //h2
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Bulge value = %.1f m",hm)
+printf("\nBulge value, h1 = %.2f m",h1)
+printf("\nBulge value, h2 = %.2f m",h2)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42f10c6f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.4/EX3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.4, page 68
+clc
+//Initialisation
+K=1.33
+d1=24 //heigth in Km
+d2=15 //heigth in Km
+K1=1
+Re=6370 //actual redius of earth
+
+//Calculation
+R=4.12*(d1**0.5+d2**0.5)
+R1=K1*Re
+Rrh=(2*R1*d1)**0.5+(2*R1*d2)**0.5
+
+//Results
+printf("K=1.33")
+printf("\nRrh = %.1f km\n",R)
+printf("K=1")
+printf("\nRrh = %.1f km",Rrh) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ace5edaab --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.5/EX3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.5, page 74
+clc
+//Initialisation
+No=1 //index of refraction
+N1=1.3*10**-7
+h=20 //height
+
+//Calculation
+wc=asin(((4*No)/((4*No)+((h**2)*N1)))) //critical angle
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Critical angle = %f",wc) //answer is not written in textbook
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2a188fc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.6/EX3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.6, page 76
+clc
+//Initialisation
+dn=-0.2 //air refractivity gradient
+d=20 //height
+b=0.074 //elevation angle from graph 3.10
+f=7 //frequency in Ghz from graph 3.11
+c=2*10**-6
+
+///Calculation
+t=0.156 //1000/6370
+dm=dn+t
+a=(-c*dm*d)**0.5 //elevation angle of waves
+
+//Results
+printf("Elevation angle of waves = %.2f mrad",(a*10**3))
+printf("\nElevation angle = %.3f",b) //from graph 3.10
+printf("\nMinimum frequency of coupling waves into the duct = %d Ghz",f) //from graph 3.11
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2960a5bb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.7/EX3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.7, page 80
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=18 //frequency in GHz
+d=30 //in km
+R=25 //rainfall intensity in mm
+
+//Using Table 3.3
+av15=1.128
+av20=1.065
+av18=1.09
+kv15=0.0335
+kv20=0.0691
+kv18=0.0587
+
+//Calculation
+yr=kv18*R**av18 //rain specific attenuation
+de=(90*(90+d)**-1)*d
+A=de*yr //Maximum rain attenuation
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Rain specific attenuation = %.2f dB/km",yr)
+printf("\n(2) Maximum rain attenuation = %.1f dB",A)
diff --git a/3739/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce b/3739/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c947d6198 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH3/EX3.9/EX3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Chapter 3, Example 3.9, page 89
+clc
+//Initialisation
+rh=-1
+s=4 //sigma in S/m
+f=5*10**9 //frequency in Hz
+eo=8.85*10**-12 //permitivity of free space
+er=75 //permitivity of medium
+w1=30*3.14*180**-1 //in radians
+pi=3.14
+
+
+//Calculation
+w=2*pi*f
+x=s*(w*eo)**-1
+a=sin(w1)-sqrt((er-x)-cos(w1)**2)
+a1=sin(w1)+sqrt((er-x)-cos(w1)**2)
+rh1=a/a1
+b1=(er-x)*sin(w1)-sqrt((er-x)-cos(w1)**2)
+b2=(er-x)*sin(w1)+sqrt((er-x)-cos(w1)**2)
+rv=-b1/b2
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(2) X = %.1f",x)
+printf("\n(3) Rh = %.3f",rh1)
+printf("\n Rv = %.1f",rv)
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..322ca6a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.1/EX4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.1, page 130
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=400 //height in Km
+pd=1*10**8 //plasma density at height D
+pe=1*10**10 //plasma density at height E
+pf=3*10**11 //plasma density at height F
+Wd=20*10**3 //thickness of D
+We=40*10**3 //thickness of E
+Wf=190*10**3 //thickness of F
+
+//Calculation
+tecd=Wd*pd //total electron content at D
+tece=We*pe //total electron content at E
+tecf=Wf*pf //total electron content at F
+tec=tecd+tece+tecf
+tec1=tec*sqrt(2) //total electron content
+
+//Results
+printf("(2) TEC (D) = %.1f x 10^12 el/m^2",(tecd/10**12))
+printf("\n TEC (E) = %.1f x 10^14 el/m^2",(tece/10**14))
+printf("\n TEC (F) = %.2f x 10^16 el/m^2",(tecf*10**-16))
+printf("\n(3) TEC = %.1f x 10^16 el/m^2",(tec1/10**16))
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.10/EX4_10.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.10/EX4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7066bb51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.10/EX4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.10, page 159
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+g=50 //geomagnetic latitude in degree
+R12=100 //solar activity number
+pi=3.14
+x=60*pi/180 //zenith angle in radians
+
+//Calculation
+f0=4.35+0.0058*g-0.00012*g**2
+f100=5.35+0.011*g-0.00023*g**2
+fs=f0+0.01*(f100-f0)*R12
+n=0.093+(0.00461*g)-(0.000054*(g**2))+(0.0031*R12) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+F1=fs*(cos(x))**n //critical frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("Critical Frequency = %.2f MHz",F1) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.11/EX4_11.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.11/EX4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0876c9e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.11/EX4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.11, page 164
+clc
+//Initialisation
+R12=150 //12 month average value
+fs0=4.416
+fs100=5.473
+n=0.23
+pi=3.14
+x=45*pi/180 //zenith angle in radians
+
+//Calculation
+f1=63.7+0.728*R12+0.00089*R12**2
+fs=fs0+0.01*(fs100-fs0)*R12
+F1=fs*(cos(x))**n //critical frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) R12 = %d",R12)
+printf("\n(2) F12 = %d",f1)
+printf("\n(3) f0F1 = %.2f MHz",F1)
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41e3dee7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.2/EX4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.2, page 134
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+N=5*10**11 //Electron density in F layer
+
+//Calculation
+F=9*sqrt(N) //f0F frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) hmin = 200Km hmax = 400Km") //from graph
+printf("\n(2) F = %.1f Mhz",(F*10**-6))
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee85b53ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.3/EX4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.3, page 136
+clc
+//Initialisation
+fc=6.3*10**6 //frequency in hertz
+
+//Calculation
+f=fc*sqrt(2) //maximum usable frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("Maximum usable frequency = %.3f MHz",(f*10**-6))
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c78aba58 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.4/EX4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.4, page 137
+clc
+//Initialisation
+tec=10**17 //total electron content
+H=200*10**3 //thickness of F layer
+
+//Calculation
+pd=tec/H //plasma density at F
+fc=9*sqrt(pd)
+ouf=3.6*fc*0.8 //optimum usable frequency
+muf=fc*1.788 //maximum usable frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("Maximum usable frequency = %.1f MHz",(fc*10**-6))
+printf("\nOptimum usable frequency < %.3f MHz",(ouf*10**-6))
+printf("\nMaximum usable frequency (30) = %.1f MHz",(muf*10**-6))
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..934d03979 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.5/EX4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.5, page 138
+clc
+//Initialisation
+d=1000 //distance in km
+re=6370 //earth radius in km
+dt=30 //in degree
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+teta=d*(2*re)**-1 //theta in radians
+tet=teta*180*pi**-1 //theta in degree
+w1=90-dt-tet
+a=sin(w1*3.14/180)/re
+a1=sin((90+dt)*3.14/180)
+h=(a1*a**-1)-re //height
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) virtual height of the reflection point = %d km",h) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9016ea092 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.6/EX4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.6, page 142
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+d=200 //height in Km
+f=700 //frequency in Khz
+
+//Calculation
+T1e=0.4 //from graph 4.10
+T2e=0.9
+T3e=1.7
+T1f=1.3
+T2f=2.8
+T3f=4.3
+Tef=0.3
+Tef1=2.7
+Tef2=0.5
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Time delay of E layer, Td(1E) = %.1f ms",T1e)
+printf("\n Td(2E) = %.1f ms",T2e)
+printf("\n Td(2E) = %.1f ms",T3e)
+printf("\n Time delay of F layer, Td(1F) = %.1f ms",T1f)
+printf("\n Td(2F) = %.1f ms",T2f)
+printf("\n Td(2F) = %.1f ms",T3f)
+printf("\n(2) Time delay of E and F for a distance of 500 km, Td(E,F) = %.1f ms",Tef)
+printf("\n(3) Td(1F,3F) = %.1f ms",Tef1)
+printf("\n Td(1E,3E) = %.1f ms",Tef2)
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.7/EX4_7.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.7/EX4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ec933e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.7/EX4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.7, page 147
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=1.5*10**9 //frequency in Hz
+tec=10**18 //total electron content
+g=5*10**-3 //geomagnetic field intensity
+a=3.36*10**2
+
+//Calculation
+teta= a*g*tec*(f**-2) //Faraday rotation in Radian
+c=0.8422
+x=20*log10(c) //loss value in dB
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Faraday rotation = %.1f Rad",teta)
+printf("\n(2) Loss = %f dB",x)
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.8/EX4_8.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.8/EX4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2c760f80 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.8/EX4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.8, page 149
+clc
+//Initialisation
+tec1=10**18 //total electron content
+f=1.5 //frequency in Hertz
+tec2= 10**17 //total electron content
+
+//Calculation
+teta = 600 //Faraday rotation in mRadian
+T=5 //time delay in ns
+gd=0.5 //time delay difference in ns
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Faraday rotation = %d mRad",teta)
+printf("\n(2) Time delay = %d ns",T)
+printf("\n(3) G/D = %.1f ns",gd)
diff --git a/3739/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9.sce b/3739/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d97e33033 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH4/EX4.9/EX4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Chapter 4, Example 4.9, page 158
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+phi=166 //in radian
+pi=3.14
+t=35*pi/180 //geographic latitude in radian
+t1=60*pi/180 //zenith angle in radian
+N=80*pi/180 //in radian
+x=92
+y=35
+h=35
+p=1.2
+
+
+
+//Calculation
+m=0.11-0.49*cos(t)
+fe=0.004*(1+0.021*166)**2 //minimum value of f0E
+A=1+0.0094*(phi-66) //A value
+B=(cos(N))
+B1=B**m //B value
+C=x+y*cos(t) //C value
+D=cos(t1)**p //D value
+F=(A*B*C*D)**(0.25) //exact value of f0E
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Minimum value of f0E = %.2f x 10^-2 MHz",(fe*100))
+printf("\n(2) f0E = %.2f MHz",F) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3da1ac774 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.10/EX5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.10, page 205
+clc
+//Initialisation
+d=3000 //distance in Km
+re=6370 //radius of earth in Km
+phi=72 //angle in degree
+N=5*10**11 //electron density
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+teta=3000*(2*6370)**-1 //in radian
+teta1=teta*180/pi //degree
+dt=90-teta1-phi //Elevation angle
+a=re/(sin(phi*pi/180))
+b=sin((teta1+phi)*pi/180)
+h=(a*b)-re //Height in Km
+fc=9*sqrt(N) //frequency in MHz
+MUF=fc*(cos(phi*pi/180))**-1 //Maximum working frequency
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Elevation angle = %.1f degree",dt)
+printf("\n(2) Height h = %.1f km",h)
+printf("\n(3) MUF = %.1f MHz",(MUF*10**-6))
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09a758155 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.11/EX5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.11, page 208
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+d=2500 //distance in Km
+re=6370 //radius of earth in Km
+dt=6 //elevation angle in degree
+f1=15 //frequency in MHz
+los1=42 //loss
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+teta=d*(2*re)**-1 //in radian
+teta1=teta*180*pi**-1 //in degree
+phi=90-dt-teta1
+l=(2*re*sin(teta))/sin(phi*pi/180)
+fsl=32.4+(20*log10(f1))+(20*log10(l)) //Free space loss
+pr=57+6-fsl-los1 //receving power in dB
+pr1=10**(pr/10) //receving power in Watt
+
+//Results
+printf("Power = %.2f pW",(pr1*10**12))
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17d97df36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.2/EX5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.2, page 186
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=5 //frequency in Hz
+er=15 //ground characteristics
+s=0.01 //for vertically polarized waves
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+e0=8.85*10**-12 //permitivity of free space
+d=80000 //distance in m
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+a=5**0.333
+df=50/a //distance in metre
+h=c*(f*10**6)**-1 //wavelength
+b=s/(2*pi*f*e0*10**6)
+b1=sqrt(er**2+b**2)
+p=(pi*d)/(h*b1)
+
+//from fig 5.8
+As = 0.05 //attenuation factor
+
+//Results
+printf("p = %d",p)
+printf("\n|As| = %.2f",As)
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66da61631 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.3/EX5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +
+//Chapter 5, Example 5.3, page 191
+clc
+//Initialisation
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+f=10*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+e0=8.85*10**-12 //permitivity of free space
+er=10 //ground characteristics
+s=0.005
+d=30000
+pt=200 //transmitter power in watt
+gt=1 //gain of transmitter antenna
+gr=1 //gain of receiver antenna
+pi=3.14 //pi
+
+//Calculation
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength
+e=er*e0 //epsilon
+b=s/(2*pi*f*e)
+b1=sqrt(er**2+b**2)
+p=(pi*d)/(h*b1) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+i=((er*e0*2*3.14*f)/s)
+b2=atan(i)
+b3=b2*180/pi
+a1=((2+0.3*p)/(2+p+0.6*p**2))
+a2=sqrt(p/2)*(5*10**-82)*sin(-b3)
+As=a1-a2 //attenuation function
+pr=pt*gt*gr*h**2/(4*pi*d)**2
+pr1=pr*(2*As)**2 //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+
+//Results
+printf("Received signal power Pr = %.2f pW",(pr1*10**12)) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81b32519b --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.4/EX5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.4, page 192
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=0.5 //frequency in MHz
+Pa=100 //transmitter power
+Po=1000
+e120=68 //from figure 5.10
+e220=85 //from figure 5.9
+e230=80
+e330=60 //from figure 5.10
+e380=48
+e350=50 //from figure 5.10
+e250=75 //from figure 5.9
+e260=73
+e160=60 //from figure 5.10
+e180=48
+
+//Calculation
+ETR=e120-e220+e230-e330+e380
+ERT=e350-e250+e260-e160+e180 //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+ER=(ETR+ERT)/2 //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+Ea=ER+(10*log10(Pa*Po**-1))
+lb=137.2+(20*log10(f))-ER
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Electric field = %.1f dB",Ea) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\n(2) Basic loss path = %.1f dB",lb) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30baa4c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.5/EX5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.5, page 196
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f1=2.5 //frequency in MHz
+f2=6.3 //frequency in MHz
+K=1.1 // K factor
+
+//Calculation
+fse=1.05*f1*2 //frequency in MHz
+fsf=K*f2*2 //frequency in MHz
+
+//Results
+printf("Frequency for E layer = %.2f MHz",fse)
+printf("\nFrequency for F layer = %.2f MHz",fsf)
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41da71ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.7/EX5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.7, page 201
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=10 //frequency in MHz
+delta=14.5 //in degree
+d=1750 //distance in Km
+re=6370 //radius of earth in Km
+pt=100 //transmitter power in watt
+lm=30 //in dB
+P11=3775 //in Km
+
+//Calculation
+a=(delta+(d/(2*re)))*(180*3.14**-1)
+j=cos(a)
+a1=(d*(2*re)**-1)*(180*3.14**-1)
+j1=sin(a1)
+P=4*re*(j1*j**-1) //path length
+pt1=10*log10(pt*10**-3)
+FSL=32.4+20*log10(f)+20*log10(3775) //free space loss
+Et=136.6+pt1+20*log10(f)-FSL-lm //median value
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Path length = %d km",P11)
+printf("\n(2) Median value = %.2f dB",Et)
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17a322e0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.8/EX5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.8, page 202
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+et=20 //in dB
+gr=2 //antenna gain in dB
+f=15 //frequency in MHz
+
+
+//Calculation
+pr=et+gr-(20*log10(f))-107.2 //received signal power in dB
+pr1=10**(pr/10) //received signal power in W
+
+//Results
+printf("Power Recieved signal = %.2f pW",(pr1*10**12))
diff --git a/3739/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce b/3739/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1268d6c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH5/EX5.9/EX5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter 5, Example 5.9, page 202
+clc
+//Initialisation
+pr=-108.7 //received signal power in dB
+fa=50 //noise tempreture
+b=2700 //frequency in Hz
+N=5 //noise figure in dB
+
+//Calculation
+snr=pr-fa-(10*log10(b))+204 //signal to noise ratio
+snr1=snr-N
+
+//Results
+printf("Received signal to noise ratio = %.1f dB",snr)
+printf("\nOutput signal to noise ratio = %.1f dB",snr1)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92927ceea --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.1/EX6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.1, page 186
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+f=400*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+l1=15*10**3 //distance in m
+l2=15*10**3 //distance in m
+l=30*10**3 //distance in m
+k=1.33 //k factor
+d1=15 //distance in Km
+d2=15 //distance in Km
+re=6370 //distance in Km
+
+//Calculation
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength in m
+r1=sqrt(l1*l2*h/l) //Fresnel radius
+ho=(500*d1*d2)/(k*re) //Earth bulge
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Fresnel radius, r1 = %d m",r1)
+printf("\n(2) h0 = %.2f m",ho)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.10/EX6_10.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.10/EX6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd0b57109 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.10/EX6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.10, page 246
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=1800*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+
+//Calculation
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength
+hv=20*h //in metre
+dh=10*h //in metre
+
+//Results
+printf("hv = %.2f m ",hv)
+printf("\ndh = %.2f m ",dh)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.11/EX6_11.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.11/EX6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10f7209bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.11/EX6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.11, page 262
+clc
+//Initialisation
+p1=20 //transmitter power
+g=6 //gain
+h1=20 //height in metre
+
+//Calculation
+ct=p1/10 //Power gain
+ch=(h1*30**-1)**2 //height gain
+cg=g*4**-1 //antenna gain
+co=10*log10(ct*ch*cg) //Total effects
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Power gain, Ct = %.f",ct)
+printf("\n Height gain = %.2f",ch)
+printf("\n Antenna gain = %.1f",cg)
+printf("\n(2) Total effects = %.2f dB",co)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.12/EX6_12.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.12/EX6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c53fe3320 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.12/EX6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.12, page 262
+clc
+//Initialisation
+g1=10 //transmitter gain
+ct=15 //power in watt
+
+
+//Calculation
+g2=g1-2.2 //gain in dBd
+cg=g2-6 //Antenna gain
+ct1=ct*10**-1
+ct2=10*log10(ct1) //Power gain
+ch=(ct*30**-1)**2
+ch1=10*log10(ch) //Height gain
+ct3=ct1*0.5
+ct4=10*log10(ct3)
+co=ct4+cg+ch1 //Total effects
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Power gain, Ct = %.2f",ct2)
+printf("\n Height gain = %.2f",ch1)
+printf("\n Antenna gain = %.1f",cg)
+printf("\n(2) Total effects = %.2f dB",co)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.13/EX6_13.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.13/EX6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50d161f89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.13/EX6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.13, page 265
+clc
+//Initialisation
+sr=-106 //Receiver sensitivity
+f=8 //Fade margin
+cl=6 //Coupler loss
+dl=1 //Duplexer Loss
+bf=6.5 //BTS feeder loss
+ba=12 //BTS antenna gain
+pl=138 //Path loss
+pg=15 //Pathlength in km
+ta=2 //Terminal antenna gain
+tf=0.5 //Terminal feeder loss
+
+//Calculation
+prm=sr+f //minimum received power
+ptb=prm+cl+dl+bf-ba+pl-ta+tf //BTS transmitter power in dbBm
+pw=10**((ptb-30)/10)
+
+//Results
+printf("BTS transmitter power = %.2f dBm",ptb)
+printf("\n = %d W",pw)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.14/EX6_14.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.14/EX6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9da47daa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.14/EX6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.14, page 265
+clc
+//Initialisation
+pm=2 //transmitter power
+ld=1 //Duplexer losses
+lp=138 //Path loss
+lfm=0.5 //terminal feeder losses
+lfb=6.5 //transmitter feeder losses
+gt=12 //BTS transmitter antenna gain
+gr=2 //BTS receiver antenna gain
+i=3
+bs=-110 //BTS receiver sensitivity
+
+//Calculation
+ptm=10*log10(pm*10**3)
+prb=ptm-ld-lp-lfm-lfb+gt+gr
+pr=prb+i //BTS received power
+fm=pr-bs //fade margin
+
+//Results
+printf("BTS received power = %.1f dBm",pr)
+printf("\nFade margin = %.1f dB",fm)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.15/EX6_15.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.15/EX6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..937eba9cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.15/EX6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.15, page 265
+clc
+//Initialisation
+t1=25 //terminal transmitter power
+t2=2 //terminal transmitter power
+gd=3 //correction factor of receiver antennas
+lc=5 //coupler loss
+prm=-105 //receiver sensitivity
+prb=-110 //receiver sensitivity
+
+//Calculation
+ptb=10*log10(t1*10**3)
+ptm=10*log10(t2*10**3)
+p=ptb-ptm //Transmitting gain in downlink
+ga=prm-prb //Receiving gain in uplink
+tg=gd+ga+lc //total gain on the uplink
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Transmitting gain in downlink = %.1f dBm",p)
+printf("\nReceiving gain in uplink = %.1f dBm",ga)
+printf("\ntotal gain on the uplink = %.1f dBm",tg)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.16/EX6_16.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.16/EX6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c0368131 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.16/EX6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.16, page 269
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=450 //frequency in MHz
+d=25 //distance in m
+hb=30
+hm=5
+
+//Calculation
+fsl=32.4+(20*log10(f))+(20*log10(d)) //free space loss
+lp=120+(40*log10(d))-(20*log10(hb))-(20*log10(hm)) //path loss
+lm=76.3-10*log10(hm)
+l=(40*log10(25))+(20*log10(f))-(20*log10(hb))+lm //path loss based on the clutter factor model
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Free space loss = %.1f dB",fsl)
+printf("\n(2) Loss = %.1f dB",lp)
+printf("\n(3) Loss based on clutter factor = %.1f dB",l)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.17/EX6_17.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.17/EX6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f5e14ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.17/EX6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.17, page 271
+clc
+
+
+//Initialisation
+pt=30 //transmitter power in watt
+d=15 //distance in km
+gt=3 //transmitter gain
+ht=30 //transmitter height in m
+hr=4 //receiver height in m
+no=3.77*10**14
+
+//Calculation
+gt1=10**(gt*10**-1)
+pt1=gt1*pt
+e=88*sqrt(pt1)*pt*hr/(2*d**2) //Field strength
+pr1=(e**2)/(2*no) //Recieved power
+
+//Results
+printf("Field strength = %f V/m",e)
+printf("\nRecieved power = %.2f pW",(pr1*10**12))
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.18/EX6_18.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.18/EX6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e416028be --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.18/EX6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.18, page 274
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=420 //frequency in Hz
+h1=40 //height in m
+h2=5 //height in m
+d=15 //distance in km
+
+//Calculation
+A=69.55+26.16*log10(f)-13.82*log10(h1) //Hata parameters
+B=44.9-6.55*log10(h1)
+C=2*(log10(f*28**-1))**2+5.4
+D=4.78*(log10(420))**2-18.33*log10(f)+40.94
+E1=3.2*(log10(11.75*h2))**2-4.97
+E2=(((1.1*log10(f))-0.7)*h2)-((1.56*log10(f))-0.8)
+L3=A+B*log10(d)-D //in open area;
+L2=A+B*log10(d)-C //in suburban area;
+L1=A+B*log10(d)-E1 //in large cities;
+L11=A+B*log10(d)-E2 //in small cities;
+
+//Results
+printf("In large cities L1 = %.2f dB",L1)
+printf("\nIn small cities L1 = %.2f dB",L11)
+printf("\nIn suburban area L2 = %.2f dB",L2)
+printf("\nIn open area L2 = %.2f dB",L3)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.19/EX6_19.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.19/EX6_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b8f13a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.19/EX6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.19, page 275
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=1800 //frequency in MHz
+d=10 //distance in m
+hb=40
+hm=3
+A=132.57 //Hata model data
+B=34.4 //Hata model data
+
+//Calculation
+E2=(((1.1*log10(f))-0.7)*hm)-((1.56*log10(f))-0.8)
+lp=46.3+33.9*log10(f)-13.82*log10(hb)+(44.9-6.55*log10(hb)-E2+hm)
+L=A+B+-E2
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Path loss based on COST–Hata model,")
+printf("\n Lp = %.2f dB",lp)
+printf("\nPath loss based on Hata model,")
+printf("\n Lp = %.2f dB",L)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86b665a3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.2/EX6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.2, page 223
+clc
+//Initialisation
+f=400 //frequency in MHz
+k=1.33 //k factor
+er=3 //dielectric conductivity
+sg=10**-4 //Earth effective conductivity
+eo=8.85*10**-12 //permittivity of free space
+re1=8500 //Effective Earth radius in Km
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+B=1
+d=50
+
+
+//Calculation
+kh=1.6*10**-3 //horizontal polarization using Fig. 6.2
+kv=5*10**-3 //vertical polarization using Fig. 6.2
+X=2.2*B*f**(1*3**-1)*re1**(-2*3**-1)*d //normalized length of the path
+FX=11+10*log10(X)-17.6*X //distance attenuation value
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Kh = %.1f x 10**-3",(kh*10**3))
+printf("\n Kv = %.1f x 10**-3",(kv*10**3))
+printf("\n(2) F(X) = %.2f dB",FX)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.20/EX6_20.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.20/EX6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0b2bd13c --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.20/EX6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.20, page 277
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+pt=20 //transmitter power in watt
+Hb=30 //in metre
+Hm=3 //in metre
+gt=14.2 //trasmitter gain in dB
+gr=0.2 //receiver gain in dB
+f=450 //frequency in MHz
+gm=-2 //in dBd
+gr2=-2.2 //in dBi
+r1=10
+n=20
+hb=10
+hm=10
+
+
+//Calculation
+gt1=gt+gr2
+pr1=-62-38*log10(r1)-20*log10(f*900**-1)+7 //received signal level in suburban
+pr2=-64-43*log10(r1)-20*log10(f*900**-1)+7 //received signal level in urban
+ao=10*log10(2)+(gr2-6) //in dB (The answer provided in the textbook is wrong)
+pr11=-62-38*log10(r1)-20*log10(f*900**-1)+ao //received signal level in rural
+pr22=-64-43*log10(r1)-20*log10(f*900**-1)+ao //received signal level in cities
+ptd=10*log10(pt*10**3) //in dBm
+lp1=ptd-pr11 //Path loss in rural area
+lp2=ptd-pr22 //Path loss in cities area
+
+//Results
+printf("(2) In the suburban area, Pr = %.1f dBm",pr1)
+printf("\n In the urban area, Pr = %.1f dBm",pr2)
+printf("\n(3) Path loss in rural area Lp = %.1f dB",lp1) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\n Path loss in cities area Lp = %.1f dB",lp2) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ac0c7fec --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.3/EX6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.3, page 228
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=300*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+l1=4*10**3 //distance in m
+l2=6*10**3 //distance in m
+h1=20 //height in m
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+d1=4 //distance in km
+d2=6 //distance in km
+R=10 //radius in km
+m=0.13
+n=1.99
+
+
+//Calculation
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength
+l=l1+l2
+r1=sqrt(l1*l2*h/l)
+rat1=h1/r1 //ratio
+a=sqrt((2*(d1+d2))/(h*d1*d2))
+v=0.0316*h1*a
+jv=6.9+20*log10(1.585) //knife-edge obstacle loss
+k=8.2+12*n
+Tmn=k*m
+A=jv+Tmn //rounded obstacle loss
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Ratio = %f",rat1)
+printf("\n(2) Loss J(v) = %.1f dB",jv)
+printf("\n(3) Loss A = %.2f dB",A)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09e7b942f --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.4/EX6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.4, page 233
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=150*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+c1=3*10**8 //speed of light
+h11=60 //in metre
+d11=2000 //in metre
+d1=259.6 //in metre
+b=2000 //in metre
+a=250 //in metre
+h21=80 //in metre
+d21=7259 //in metre
+c=7250 //in metre
+
+//Calculation
+h=c1*f**-1 //wavelength
+v1=h11*sqrt((2*(h*d1)**-1)+(1*d11**-1))
+L1=6.9+20*log10(sqrt((v1-0.1)**2+1)+v1-0.1) //path diffraction loss
+v2=h21*sqrt((2*(h*d11)**-1)+(1*d21**-1))
+L2=6.9+20*log10(sqrt((v2-0.1)**2+1)+v2-0.1) //path diffraction loss
+
+//Results
+printf("Diffraction loss L1 = %.2f dB",L1)
+printf("\n L2 = %.2f dB",L2)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.5/EX6_5.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.5/EX6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0a304ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.5/EX6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.5, page 239
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=450*10**6 //frequency in Hz
+q1=1.282 //cumulative distribution value
+q2=1.645 //cumulative distribution value
+
+//Calculation
+sg=3.8+1.6*log10(450) //standard deviation
+fm1=q1*sg //fade margin
+fm2=q2*sg //fade margin
+fm=fm2-fm1 //gain
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Antenna gain = %.2f dB",fm)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..991c00cd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.6/EX6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.6, page 240
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+q90=1.282 //cumulative distribution value of 90%
+sl=8 //standard deviation
+q97=1.881 //cumulative distribution value of 97%
+pt=5 //transmitter power
+
+//Calculation
+fm=q90*sl //fade margin
+fm1=q97*sl //fade margin
+p=fm1-fm //power in dB
+p1=pt*10**(p/10) //power in watt
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Fade margin for received signal = %.3f dB",fm)
+printf("\n(2) New transmitter power = %d W",p1)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..717dc3df9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.7/EX6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.7, page 241
+clc
+//Initialisation
+d= 50*10**3 //distance in m
+
+//Calculation
+sl1=5.3 //location standard deviation
+st1=3 //time standard deviation
+sl2=6.2 //location standard deviation
+st2=2 //time standard deviation
+sv=sqrt(sl1**2+st1**2) //total standard deviation of VHF
+su=sqrt(sl2**2+st2**2) //total standard deviation of UHF
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(1)for VHF, sigmaL = %.1f dB ",sl1)
+printf("\n sigmaT = %.1f dB ",st1)
+printf("\n for UHF, sigmaL = %.1f dB ",sl2)
+printf("\n sigmaT = %.1f dB ",st2)
+printf("\n(3) Standard deviation values, sigmaVHF = %.1f dB",sv)
+printf("\n sigmaUHF = %.1f dB",su)
diff --git a/3739/CH6/EX6.9/EX6_9.sce b/3739/CH6/EX6.9/EX6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb7f5d6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH6/EX6.9/EX6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter 6, Example 6.9, page 245
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+d=5 //in dB
+h=20 //Transmitter initial height
+
+//Calculation
+ht=h*10**(0.25) //Transmitter ultimate antenna height
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Antenna Height = %.2f m",round(ht))
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2116e4e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.1/EX7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.1, page 293
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=200 //height in m
+d=30*10**3 //distance in km
+R=40*10**-6 //height in km
+pi=3.14
+
+//Calculation
+phi=atan(h*d**-1) //in radian
+phi1=phi*180/pi //in degree
+n=cos(phi1)
+r=round(n)/R //radius
+
+//Results
+printf("Radius = %.1f km",r)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.10/EX7_10.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.10/EX7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..daeb25af3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.10/EX7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.10, page 331
+clc
+//Initialisation
+Aa=15 //Transmitter antenna discrimination
+Ab=25 //Receiver antenna discrimination
+AD=110 //path in km
+s=35 //fading in dB
+
+//Calculation
+CD=30 //path in km
+Ad=20*log10(AD*CD**-1) //Distance discrimination
+
+si=Aa+Ab+Ad //in dB
+si2=si-s //in dB
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) S/I = %.1f dB",si)
+printf("\n(2) S/I = %.1f dB",si2)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.11/EX7_11.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.11/EX7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03939357b --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.11/EX7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.11, page 333
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+kq=2.6*10**-6 //geoclimatic coefficient
+f=6 //frequency in GHz
+d=45 //distance in Km
+gc=0.098 //GC factor
+ab=0.25 //geoclimatic factor
+
+//Calculation
+po=kq*f*gc*d**3 //In country
+po1=0.3*ab*(f*4**-1)*(d*50**-1)**3 //In mountainous area
+
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Fading occurrence probability")
+printf("\n(1) In country = %.2f",po)
+printf("\n(2) In mountainous area = %.3f",po1)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.12/EX7_12.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.12/EX7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..388cfe8ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.12/EX7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.12, page 340
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+dn=70 //dN = 70
+d1=1000 //height from sea level in m
+d2=1400 //height from sea level in m
+d=45 //radio link distance in km
+
+//Calculation
+K=10**(-4.2-0.0029*-dn) //Climate factor
+ep=(d2-d1)/d //magnitude of the path inclination
+po=K*d**3*(1+ep)**(-1.2)*10**(0.033*6-1) //Fading occurrence probability
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Climate factor K = %.4f = 10^-4",K)
+printf("\n(2) Fading occurrence probability Po = %.2f percent",po)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.13/EX7_13.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.13/EX7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fa7db334 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.13/EX7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.13, page 342
+clc
+//Initialisation
+fm=35 //fade margin
+po=0.092 //fading occurrence probability
+
+//Calculation
+pw=po*10**(-fm*10**-1) //deep fading occurrence
+
+
+//Results
+printf("Deep fading occurrence probability, Pw = %.1f x 10^-5",(pw*10**5))
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.14/EX7_14.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.14/EX7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..953c4919f --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.14/EX7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.14, page 343
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+d=20 //distance in kM
+po=0.02 //fading occurrence probability at 20 Km
+d1=25 //distance in kM
+d2=40 //distance in kM
+fm1=30 //link in kM
+fm2=35 //link in kM
+fm3=40 //link in kM
+tr=30*24*60
+
+
+//Calculation
+po1=po*(d1*d**-1)**3 //fading occurrence probability at 25 Km
+po2=po*(d2/d)**3 //fading occurrence probability at 40 Km
+pw=po*10**(-fm1*10**-1) //fade margin at 30
+pw1=po1*10**(-fm2*10**-1) //fade margin at 35
+pw2=po2*10**(-fm3/10) //fade margin at 40
+u=pw+pw1+pw2 //total fade margin
+to=u*tr //network outage time
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Fading occurrence probability at 20 = %.2f",po)
+printf("\n Fading occurrence probability at 25 = %.3f",po1)
+printf("\n Fading occurrence probability at 40 = %.2f",po2)
+printf("\n(2) Fade margin at 30 = %.1f x 10^-5",(pw*10**5))
+printf("\n Fade margin at 35 = %.2f x 10^-5",(pw1*10**5))
+printf("\n Fade margin at 40 = %.2f x 10^-5",(pw2*10**5))
+printf("\n Total fade margin = %.2f x 10**-5",(u*10**5))
+printf("\n(3) Network outage time , To = %.3f min per month",(to))
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.15/EX7_15.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.15/EX7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ede37926 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.15/EX7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.14, page 344
+clc
+//Initialisation
+ur=0.001 //unavailability budget for hypothetical circuit
+d=50 //path-length in km
+A=0.25 //area conditions
+B=1 //area conditions
+f=8 //frequency in GHz
+
+
+//Calculation
+pw=ur*(d*(d*d)**-1) //deep fading occurrence probability
+po=6*10**-7*A*B*f*(d**3) //fading occurrence probability of desirable link
+FM=-log10(pw/po)*10 //fade margin
+
+//Results
+printf("Fade margin = %.1f dB",FM)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f05a3d5b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.2/EX7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.2, page 294
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=500 //height in m
+a=0.000315
+b=0.0001361
+Re=6370000 //radius of earth in m
+
+
+//Calculation
+n=1+(a*exp(-b*h))
+n1=(n-1)*10**6 //Refraction index
+c=(a*b*exp(-b*h))
+R=1/c //Radius of path curvature in km
+d=1-(Re/R)
+K=1/d //K-factor
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Refraction index = %d ",n1)
+printf("\n(2) Radius of path curvature = %d kM",(R/10**3))
+printf("\n(3) K-factor = %.3f",K)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6f985fc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.3/EX7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.3, page 299
+clc
+//Initialisation
+k1=1.3 //K-factor
+k2=0.7 //K-factor
+H1=1200 //sea level in m
+H2=1400 //sea level in m
+re=6370*10**3 //radius of earth in m
+f=15*10**9 //frequency in Hz
+a1=0.6
+d1=15*10**3 //distance in m
+d2=20*10**3 //distance in m
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+d=30*10**3 //distance in m
+h2=25.24
+r2=11.55
+a2=0.3
+
+
+//Calculation
+h1=500*d1*d2/(k1*re)
+h=c*f**-1
+r1=sqrt((d1*d2*h)/d)
+H11=H1+h1+a1*r1 //in meter
+H22=H2+h2+a2*r2 //in meter
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) H1 = %d m",H11) //The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+printf("\n(2) H2 = %d m",H22)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.4/EX7_4.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.4/EX7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..760bb21f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.4/EX7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.4, page 302
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+hr=-1 //obstacle height and fresnel radius ratio
+
+//Calculation
+Ad=-20*hr+10 //Diffraction loss in dB
+Ad2=16 //from fig 7.8
+Ad3=43
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Obstacle loss = %.1f dB",Ad)
+printf("\n(2) Knife edge obstacle = %.1f dB",Ad2)
+printf("\n(3) Rounded obstacle = %.1f dB",Ad3)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.5/EX7_5.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.5/EX7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53911b5bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.5/EX7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.5, page 306
+clc
+//Initialisation
+d1=10 //distance in km
+d2=25 //distance in km
+re=6370 //earth radius in km
+k=0.5 //climatic factor
+f=4*10**9 //frequency in Hz
+c=3*10**8 //speed of light
+d=35 //distance in km
+h3=400 //height in m
+
+//Calculation
+ho=(500*d1*d2)/(k*re) //Earth buldge in m
+h=c*f**-1 //wavelength in m
+r1=sqrt(d1*10**3*d2*10**3*h*(d*10**3)**-1) //fresnel radius
+amsl=h3+ho+13.9 //AMSL
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Earth buldge = %.2f m",ho)
+printf("\n(2) Fresnel radius = %.1f m",r1)
+printf("\n(3) AMSL = %.1f m",amsl)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.6/EX7_6.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.6/EX7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad3f4960c --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.6/EX7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.6, page 309
+clc
+//Initialisation
+pt=500 //Transmitter power in mW
+gt=42 //transmitter antenna gain in dB
+gr=44 //receiver antenna gain in dB
+lbt=2.6 //transmitter branching loss in dB
+lbr=3 //receiver branching loss in dB
+flt=45 //transmitter feeder length
+flr=35 //receiver feeder length
+fls=6.5 //feeder loss
+prx=-72 //Receiver sensitivity
+d=30 //path distance in km
+f=8.4 //frequency in ghz
+
+//Calculation
+ptx=10*log10(pt) //transmitter threshold level
+lft1=flt*fls/100
+lfr=flr*fls/100
+eirp=ptx+gt-lbt-lft1 //Transmitter effective power
+sg=ptx-prx
+fsl=92.4+20*log10(f)+20*log10(d)
+rsl=ptx+gt+gr-fsl-lft1-lfr-lbt-lbr
+fm=rsl-prx
+
+//Results
+printf("EIRP = %.2f dBm",eirp)
+printf("\nSG = %.2f dBm",sg)
+printf("\nFSL = %.2f dB",fsl)
+printf("\nRSL = %.2f dBm",rsl)
+printf("\nFM = %.2f dB",fm)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.7/EX7_7.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.7/EX7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ddae1ef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.7/EX7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.7, page 315
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+f=15 //frequency in GHz
+f1=18 //frequency in GHz
+R=50 //rain intensity
+ah=1.154
+kh=0.0367
+d=20 //distance in kM
+
+//Calculation
+yr=kh*R**ah
+do=35*exp(-0.015*R) //distance in kM
+de=d/(1+(d/do)) //distance in kM
+Ao=yr*de //Rain Loss in dB
+phi=(f**2)/(1+10**-4*f**2)
+phi1=(f1**2)/(1+10**-4*f1**2)
+H=1.12*10**-3*((phi1/phi)**0.5)*(phi*Ao)**0.55
+Ah=Ao*(phi1/phi)**(1-H)
+Av=(300*Ah)/(335+Ah) //Rain Loss in dB
+
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Rain Loss, A = %.2f dB",Ao)
+printf("\n(2) rain loss for vertical polarization, Av = %.2f dB",Av)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.8/EX7_8.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.8/EX7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..571dc5a00 --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.8/EX7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.8, page 322
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+A=99.8 //in percent
+l=1250 //radio link in km
+C=155*10**6 //in bps
+T=24*60*60 //Total measurement time
+
+//Calculation
+U=100-A
+u=U/100
+ue=u*l/2500
+uep=ue*0.3 //propagation unavailability value
+M=C*uep*T*10**-3 //number of errored bits due to propagation
+
+//Results
+printf("Maximum delay bit error per day = %d bits per day",M)
diff --git a/3739/CH7/EX7.9/EX7_9.sce b/3739/CH7/EX7.9/EX7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71b4393cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3739/CH7/EX7.9/EX7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Chapter 7, Example 7.9, page 324
+clc
+
+//Initialisation
+h=24 //hours
+m=60 //minutes
+s=60 //seconds
+
+
+//Calculation
+dm=0.004*h*m*(1250*2500**-1) //Maximum degraded minutes
+ses=0.00054*h*m*s*(1250*2500**-1) //Severely errored seconds
+
+//Results
+printf("(1) Maximum degraded minutes per day = %.2f min",dm)
+printf("\n(2) Severely errored seconds per day = %.2f s",ses)
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