diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1826')
173 files changed, 1956 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1826/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce b/1826/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f5a00142 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH1/EX1.1/ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 1.1, page no-8
+clear
+clc
+
+r=0.45*10^-3 //m
+L=0.3 //m
+rho=17*10^-9 //ohm-m
+//Calculations
+R=rho*(L/(%pi*r^2))
+printf("The Resistance of the wire is %.3f ohm",R)
diff --git a/1826/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce b/1826/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9f04458e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH1/EX1.2/ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 1.2, page no-8
+clear
+clc
+
+r=1.25*10^-3 //m
+L=3 //m
+F=4900 //Newton
+e=2.05*10^11 //Pa
+s=F/(%pi*r^2*e)
+printf("strain = %.3f\nTherefore, extension = %.3f",s,s*3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e938a423f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 10.1, page no-267
+clear
+clc
+T=300//K
+mue=0.4//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.2
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+eg=0.7*e//J
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+me=0.55
+mh=0.37
+h=6.626*10^-34
+k=1.38*10^-23
+ni=2*(2*%pi*k*T/(h^2))^(1.5)
+ni=ni*(m^1.5)*(mh*me)^(3/4)
+ni=ni*%e^(-eg/(k*T))
+printf("\nThe intrinsic concentration ni=%.3f *10^13 /m^3",ni*10^-13)
+
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+rho=1/sig
+printf("\nIntrinsic Conductivity,Sigma =%.3f *10^-6 per m^3\nIntrinsic Resistivity, rho = %.2f*10^6 Ohm-m",sig*10^6,rho*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..68d13b390 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 10.9, page no-273
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+k=1.38*10^-23
+eg=1.1*e
+mue=0.48//m^2/V.s
+muh=0.013//m^2/V.s
+T=300//K
+ni=2*(2*%pi*m*k*T/(h^(2)))^(1.5)
+ni=ni*%e^(-eg/(2*k*T))
+
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+printf("\nThe carrier concentration of an intrinsic semiconductor is = %.2f*10^16 per m^3\n the electrical conductiivity od Si is %.3f*10^-3 per Ohm-m",ni*10^-16,sig*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fd95cfb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 10.11, page no-275
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+eg=1.12
+me=0.12
+mh=0.28
+T=300
+k=1.38*10^-23
+
+ef=(eg/2)+(3*k*T/4)*log(mh/me)
+printf("The Fermi energy of Si at 300 K is %.3f eV",ef)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..de4c49b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.12, page no-275
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.60*10^-19//C
+eg=1*e
+k=1.38*10^-23
+m=4
+T=0.1*e*4/(3*k*log(m))
+printf("Temperature at which Fermi level is shifted 10%% is %.f K",T)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.13/ex10_13.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.13/ex10_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b94340ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.13/ex10_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.13, page no-276
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ni=2.4*10^19 //m^-3
+mue=0.39//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.19//m^2/V-s
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+printf("The conductivity of Ge at 300 K is %.2f per Ohm-m",sig)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.14/ex10_14.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.14/ex10_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c7e2ef4de --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.14/ex10_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.14, page no-277
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+T1=300//K
+T2=330//K
+eg=0.3
+eg2=eg*T2/T1
+printf("E_c-E_f330=%.2f eV\n\nAt 330 K, the Fermi energy level lies %.2f eV, bellow the conduction band.",eg2,eg2)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.15/ex10_15.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.15/ex10_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da19b68b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.15/ex10_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 10.15, page no-277
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19 //C
+eg=0.72*e//eV
+t1=293//K
+t2=313//K
+k=1.38*10^-23
+sig1=2
+n=(t2/t1)*%e^((eg/(2*k))*((1/t1)-(1/t2)))
+sig2=sig1*n
+printf("The conductivity of Ge at 40°C is %.3f per Ohm-m",sig2)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.16/ex10_16.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.16/ex10_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35568d206 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.16/ex10_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 10.16, page no-278
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+mm=0.31*m//kg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+k=1.38*10^-23
+eg=1.1*e
+T=300//K
+ni=2*(2*%pi*mm*k*T/(h^(2)))^(1.5)
+ni=ni*%e^(-eg/(2*k*T))
+printf("The intrinsic concentration of Si at %d K is %.4f * 10^15 electrons per m^3",T,ni*10^-15)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..52565a5a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.17/ex10_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 10.17, page no-279
+clear
+clc
+hc=0.55*10^-10//m^3//A-s
+cc=5.9*10^7//per Ohm-m
+T=300//K
+dm=hc*cc
+printf("The drift mobility is given by mu_d = %.1f * 10^-3 m^2/V-s",dm*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..39fd7766f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.18/ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 10.18, page no-279
+clear
+clc
+
+sig=5.9*10^7//per Ohm-m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=3.2*10^-3//m^2/V-s
+d=8900//density
+avg=6.022*10^23
+ni=sig/(e*mu)
+awt=63.5
+n=avg*d*1000/awt
+k=ni/n
+printf("Concentration of free electron in pure Cu is %.2f*10^28\nThe average number of electrons contributed per Cu atom is %.2f i.e. %.0f",n*10^-28,k,k)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..13782edb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.19/ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 10.19, page no-280
+clear
+clc
+i=5*10^-3//A
+v=1.35//v
+l=0.01//m
+b=5*10^-3
+t=10^-3//m
+a=5*10^-6//m^2
+vy=20*10^-3
+H=0.45//Wb/m^2
+
+rho=v*a/(l*i)
+Ey=vy/t
+j=i/a
+k=Ey/(H*j)
+Rh=3*%pi*k/8
+mu=Rh/rho
+printf("The mobility of the Ge sample is %.2f m^2/V-s",mu)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0fb041516 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 10.2, page no-268
+clear
+clc
+ni=1.45*10^10//cm^-3
+nd=10^16//cm^-3
+k=1.38*10^-23
+T=300
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+Ef=k*T*log(nd/ni)
+Ef=Ef/e
+printf("The Fermi energyy with respect to Ef in intrinsic Si = %.3f eV",Ef)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e94d4d0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.20/ex10_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.20, page no-282
+clear
+clc
+I=200//A
+H=1.5//Wb/m^2
+n=8.4*10^28//electronsper m^3
+d=1.0*10^-3 //m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+v=I*H/(n*d*e)
+printf("The Hall potential difference appearance between the ship is %.0f µv",v*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.21/ex10_21.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.21/ex10_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..51bf8a9e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.21/ex10_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 10.21, page no-283
+clear
+clc
+rh=3.66*10^-4//m^3/C
+rho=8.93*10^-3//Ohm-m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ni=1/(rh*e)
+muh=rh/rho
+printf("the carrier concentration of Si doped specimen is %.3f *10^22 m^-3\n The mobility of Si doped specimen is %.5f m^2/V-s",ni*10^-22,muh)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.22/ex10_22.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.22/ex10_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..119bddf66 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.22/ex10_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 10.22, page no-283
+clear
+clc
+Rh=3.66*10^-11//m^2//A-s
+sig=112*10^7//ohm-m
+e=1.6*10^-19 //C
+n=3*%pi/(8*Rh*e)
+mu=sig/(n*e)
+printf("\nThe concentration of electrons is %.0f*10^29 m^-3\nthe electron mobility at room temperature = %.3f m^2/V-s",n*10^-29,mu)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.23/ex10_23.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.23/ex10_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e208ba964 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.23/ex10_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 10.23, page no-284
+clear
+clc
+I=50//A
+B=1.5//T
+t=0.5*10^-2
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+d=2*10^-2
+N=8.4*10^28//m^-3
+v=B*I/(N*e*d)
+printf("The Hall voltage is %.2f *10^-7 V",v*10^7)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f8123a639 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.24/ex10_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 10.24, page no-284
+clear
+clc
+rho=1.54*10^-8//Ohm-m
+ni=5.8*10^28//per m^3
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+tau=m/(rho*ni*(e^2))
+printf("The relaxation time of electrons in metal is %.2f*10^-14 s",tau*10^14)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff65dd70c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.25/ex10_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 10.25, page no-285
+clear
+clc
+sig=6.22*10^7//per ohm-m
+n=5.9*10^28//m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=sig/(n*e)
+printf("The mobility of electrons in Si is %.2f*10^-3 m^2/V-s",mu*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.26/ex10_26.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.26/ex10_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0cb86a0cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.26/ex10_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.26, page no-285
+clear
+clc
+rho=0.1//Ohm-m
+ni=10^20//per m^3
+vd=1//m/s
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=1/(rho*ni*e)
+E=vd/mu
+printf("\nThe mobility of the electrons in material is %.3f m^2/V-s\nThe electric field is %.1f V/m",mu,E)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f95252e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.27/ex10_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 10.27, page no-286
+clear
+clc
+sig=6.22*10^7//per Ohm-m
+n=5.9*10^28
+e=1.6*10^-19
+mu=sig/(n*e)
+printf("The mobility of electrons in silver is %.2f*10^-3 m^2/V-s",mu*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.28/ex10_28.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.28/ex10_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..807941d0e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.28/ex10_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.28, page no-286
+clear
+clc
+rho=0.1//Ohm-m
+ni=10^20//per m^3
+vd=1//m/s
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=1/(rho*ni*e)
+E=vd/mu
+printf("\nThe mobility of the electrons in material is %.3f m^2/V-s\nThe electric field is %.1f V/m",mu,E)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.29/ex10_29.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.29/ex10_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..19535e6ec --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.29/ex10_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 10.29, page no-287
+clear
+clc
+
+avg=6.023*10^23
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+d=8.92*10^3 //kg/m^3
+rho=1.73*10^-8//Ohm-m
+z=63.5
+
+n=avg*d/z
+sig=1/rho
+tau=sig*m/(n*(e^2))
+mu=sig/(e*n)
+printf("\nThe relaxation time is %.2f *10^-11 s\nThe mobility of electrons in copper is %.2f m^2/V-s\nThe conductivity of coppper is %.2f * 10^7 per Ohm-m\n",tau*10^11,mu,sig*10^-7)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12e963254 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 10.3, page no-269
+clear
+clc
+ni=2.5*10^19//m^-3
+mue=0.39//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.19
+l=10^-2//m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+R=l/(sig*10^-6)
+printf("The conductivity of intrinsic Ge is %.2f /ohm-m\nThe Resistance is %.0f",sig,R)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.30/ex10_30.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.30/ex10_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..29666e34a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.30/ex10_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 10.30, page no-288
+clear
+clc
+rho=1.54*10^-8//ohm-m
+E=100//V/m
+ni=5.8*10^28//m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=1/(rho*ni*e)
+vd=mu*E
+printf("The mobility of electrons in silver is %.4f*10^-3 m^2/V-s\nThe drift velocity id %.5f m/s",mu*10^3,vd)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.31/ex10_31.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.31/ex10_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b1e16cd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.31/ex10_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 10.31, page no-288
+clear
+clc
+rho=1.43*10^-8//Ohm-m
+ni=6.5*10^28//per m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+tau=m/(rho*ni*e^2)
+printf("The relaxation time for electrons in the metal is %.2f *10^-14 s",tau*10^14)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.32/ex10_32.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.32/ex10_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..554b94ee5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.32/ex10_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 10.32, page no-289
+clear
+clc
+
+R=60
+rho=2.7*10^-8//Ohm-m
+i=15//A.
+l=5//m
+m=3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+d=2.7*10^3//kg/m^3
+awt=26.98
+avg=6.023*10^23
+n=m*avg*1000*d/awt
+printf("Free electron concentration is %.3f * 10^29",n*10^-29)
+mu=1/(rho*n*e)
+printf("\nThe mobility of electron in aluminium is %.4f*10^-3 m^2/v-s",mu*10^3)
+vd=mu*i*R*10^-3/l
+printf("\nThe drift velocity of the electron in Al is %.1f*10^-4 m/s",vd*10^4)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.33/ex10_33.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.33/ex10_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..169edf4c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.33/ex10_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 10.33, page no-290
+clear
+clc
+R=0.02//Ohm-m
+i=15//A
+mu=4.3*10^-3//m^2/V-s
+l=2//m
+k=1.38*10^-23
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+T=300//K
+v=i*R
+E=v/l
+vd=E*mu
+vth=sqrt(3*k*T/m)
+printf("\nThe thermal velocity of the free electrons in copper is %.3f mm/s\nThe drift velocity of electrons in copper is %.3f mm/s",vth*10^-5,vd*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.4/ex10_4.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.4/ex10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42722ea3d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.4/ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 10.4, page no-269
+clear
+clc
+ni=1.5*10^16//m^-3
+mue=0.13//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.05
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+printf("The conductivity of intrinsic Ge is %.2f *10^-4 /ohm-m",sig*10^4)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8ecdab32 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 10.5, page no-270
+clear
+clc
+ni=2.15*10^13//cm^-3
+mue=3900//cm^2/V-s
+muh=1900
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+r=1/sig
+
+printf("The conductivity of intrinsic Ge is %.2f *10^-2 /ohm-cm\n The intrinsic resistivity is %.0f Ohm-cm",sig*10^2,r)//answers not matching with book's ans.
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4dc0ec52a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 10.6, page no-270
+clear
+clc
+ni=2.1*10^19//m^-3
+mue=0.4//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.2
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+p=4.5*10^23//m^-3
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+r=p*e*muh
+
+printf("The conductivity of intrinsic Ge is %.3f *10^-2 /ohm-cm\nThe intrinsic resistivity is %.2f *10^4",sig,r*10^-4)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ad993c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 10.7, page no-271
+clear
+clc
+n=5*10^28//m^-3
+ni=1.45*10^13//m^-3
+mue=1.35//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.45
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+p=4.5*10^23//m^-3
+sig=ni*e*(mue+muh)
+rho=1/sig
+//rho=rho*10^12
+r=rho*10^12
+nd=n/10^9
+p=(ni^2)/nd
+sig2=nd*e*mue
+
+printf("\nThe intrinsic conductivity is %.2f *10^-6 /ohm-cm\n\nThe intrinsic resistivity is %.2f *10^-5Ohm-m\n\nResistance = %.2f*10^7 Ohm\n\nDonar concentration is %.0f*10^19\n\nConcentration of hole is %.1f*10^6 m^-3\n\nConductivity = %.1f per ohm-m",sig*10^6,rho*10^-5,r*10^-17,nd*10^-19,p*10^-6,sig2)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89b3ee480 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 10.8, page no-272
+clear
+clc
+
+T=300//K
+rho=2.12//ohm-m
+mue=0.36//m^2/V-s
+muh=0.17
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+sig=1/rho
+ni=sig/(e*(muh+mue))
+printf("\nConductivity = %.6f per Ohm-m\nIntrinsic carrier concentration, ni=%.5f*10^18",sig,ni*10^-18)
+
+k=1.38*10^-23
+Nc=2*(2*%pi*k*T/h^(2))^(1.5)
+Nc=Nc*(0.5*m)^(1.5)
+Nv=2*(2*%pi*k*T/h^(2))^(1.5)
+Nv=Nv*(0.37*m)^(1.5)
+printf("\nNc=%.3f*10^24\nNv=%.3f*10^24",Nc*10^-24,Nv*10^-24)
+eg=2*k*T*log(sqrt(Nc*Nv)/ni)
+eg=eg/e
+printf("\nThe band gap of Ge is %.3f eV",eg)
diff --git a/1826/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce b/1826/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff522538a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 10.9, page no-273
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+k=1.38*10^-23
+eg=0.7*e
+T=300//K
+ni=2*(2*%pi*m*k*T/(h^(2)))^(1.5)
+ni=ni*%e^(-eg/(2*k*T))
+printf("The carrier concentration of an intrinsic semiconductor is = %.2f*10^18 per m^3",ni*10^-18)
diff --git a/1826/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce b/1826/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e85769ba1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH11/EX11.1/ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 11.1, page no-332
+clear
+clc
+
+ld=2000//kg
+g=9.8//m/s^2
+r=0.005
+force=ld*g
+stress= force/(%pi*r^2)
+printf("The stress produce in an aluminium alloy is %.1f MPa",stress*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce b/1826/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8597af5f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH11/EX11.2/ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 11.2, page no-332
+clear
+clc
+lf=53.75*10^-3
+l0=50*10^-3
+df=9.4*10^-3
+d0=8.8*10^-3
+pl=(lf-l0)*100/l0
+pa=((%pi*df^2)-(%pi*d0^2))*100/(%pi*df^2)
+printf("\nThe %% elongation is %.1f%% and \nthe %% reduction in area is %.3f%%",pl,pa)
diff --git a/1826/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce b/1826/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1b23b64cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH11/EX11.3/ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +// Example 11.3, page no-332
+clear
+clc
+ts=937//MPa
+bhn=ts/3.45
+printf("The Brinell Hardness Number is %.2f",bhn)
diff --git a/1826/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce b/1826/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9391336a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH11/EX11.4/ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 11.4, page no-333
+clear
+clc
+p=3000
+D=10
+d=2.2
+Hb=2*p/(%pi*D*(D-sqrt(D^2-d^2)))
+printf("\nBrinell Hardness Number of steel Plate, Hb=%.1f\n",Hb)
+ts=3.45*Hb
+fl=0.5*ts
+printf("\nThe Tensile strength of steel plate is %.3f MPa\n",ts)
+printf("\nThe Fatigue limit of steel plate is %.4f MPa",fl)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c332cf4c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.1/ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 12.1, page no-350
+clear
+clc
+
+alfe=8.8*10^-6//per k
+lo=0.1//m
+delT=973//K
+delL=alfe*lo*delT
+printf("The change in length produced by heating is %.3f mm",delL*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec6ea4cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.10/ex12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 12.10, page no-356
+clear
+clc
+h_ir=444//J.kg^-1.K^-1
+h_gr=711//J.kg^-1.K^-1
+h_pl=1880//J.kg^-1.K^-1
+t2=373//K
+t1=300//K
+delT=t2-t1
+W=2 //Kg
+
+//(a) For Iron
+q=W*h_ir*delT
+
+//(b)for Graphite
+q1=W*h_gr*delT
+
+//(b)for polypropylene
+q2=W*h_pl*delT
+
+printf("The heat energy required to raise temperature %.0f K from its temperature of \niron, graphite and polypropylene is %.0f,%.0f,%.0f J respectively",delT,q,q1,q2)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ddb035b5c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.2/ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 12.2, page no-350
+clear
+clc
+
+alfe=5.3*10^-6//per k
+lo=0.1//m
+delT=973//K
+delL=alfe*lo*delT
+printf("The change in length produced by heating is %.3f mm",delL*10^3)
+
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cdf91167c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.3/ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 12.3, page no-351
+clear
+clc
+k=371//J/msk
+delT=50//in degrees
+delx=10*10^-3
+ht=k*delT/delx
+printf("The steady state heat transfer of 10 mm copper sheet is %.3f *10^6 J.m^-2.s^-1",ht*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5c74f485 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.4/ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 12.4, page no-351
+clear
+clc
+alfe=8.8*10^-6//per K
+t1=1300//K
+t2=327//K
+delT=t1-t2
+E=370 //GPa
+ep=alfe*delT
+sig=ep*E
+printf("\nThe unconstrained thermal expansion produced by the heating is %.4f *10^-3",ep*10^3)
+printf("\nthe compression stress produced by heating is %.3f GPa",sig)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c0a59bd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.5/ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 12.5, page no-352
+clear
+clc
+
+K=120//W/m.K
+t2=423
+t1=323
+delT=t2-t1
+delx=7.5*10^-3//m
+A=0.5//m^2
+Q=K*A*(delT/delx)
+hph=Q*3600
+printf("The heat flux transmitted through a sheet per hour is %.2f *10^9 J.h^-1",hph*10^-9)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff54f3d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.6/ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 12.6, page no-353
+clear
+clc
+
+alfe=17*10^-6///per K
+t2=293 //K
+t1=233 //K
+delT=t2-t1
+st=119//MPa
+k=alfe*delT
+printf("\nThe strain produced in te rod is %.2f * 10^-3",k*10^3)
+E=(st*10^6)/k
+printf("\nThe Youngs Modulus of the rod is %.1f GPa",E*10^-9)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a48c611cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.7/ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 12.7, page no-353
+clear
+clc
+
+lo=11.6 //m
+delx=5.4*10^-3//m
+alfL=12*10^-6//per K
+delT=delx/(lo*alfL)
+printf("The maximum temperature cange can withstand without any thermal stress is %.2f K",delT)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..538dd523f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.8/ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 12.7, page no-354
+clear
+clc
+
+lo=0.35//m
+alfe=23.6*10^-6///per K
+t2=358 //K
+t1=288 //K
+delT=t2-t1
+ym=69//GPa
+k=alfe*delT
+printf("\nThe strain produced in te rod is %.3f * 10^-3",k*10^3)
+E=ym*k*10^9
+printf("\nThe compressive stress produced in Al rod is %.3f GPa",E*10^-9)
diff --git a/1826/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce b/1826/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..468100de3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH12/EX12.9/ex12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 12.9, page no-355
+clear
+clc
+alfe=20*10^-6//per K
+t1=293//K
+sig=172///MPa
+E=100 //GPa
+delT=(sig*10^6)/(E*alfe*10^9)
+printf("\nTf-Ti=%.0f",delT)
+printf("\n\nthe maximum temperature at which the rod may be heated without\nexceeding a compresssive stress of %.0f MPa is %.0f K",sig,delT+t1)
diff --git a/1826/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce b/1826/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4c61ae7a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH14/EX14.1/ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 14.1, page no-385
+clear
+clc
+eb=10000//eV
+k=1.2*10^-4
+b=0.151
+e=1.6*10^-19
+rc=k*(eb*e)^b
+printf("The penetration depth of the electron is %.4f µm",rc*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce b/1826/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74d83482d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH14/EX14.2/ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 14.2, page no-386
+clear
+clc
+ed=0.4//eV
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+kT=0.025//eV
+q=10^8
+r=q*%e^(-(ed/kT))
+printf("The escape rate per unit time = %2.1f per sec\n Therefore, the luminescent lifetime is nearly %.0f sec",r,r)
diff --git a/1826/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce b/1826/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e51a846f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH15/EX15.1/ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 15.1, page no-406
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+eg=1.8//eV
+E=e*eg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+lam=h*c/E
+printf("The wavelenth of light emitted from given LED is %.4f µm",lam*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce b/1826/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f5d184d87 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH15/EX15.2/ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 15.2, page no-406
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+lam=6751*10^-10//m
+E=h*c/lam
+E=E/e
+printf("The band gap of the given GaAsP is %.1f eV",E)
diff --git a/1826/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce b/1826/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2369d00b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH16/EX16.1/ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 16.1, page no-416
+clear
+clc
+
+lam=0.4*10^-6//m
+A=4*10^-6//m^2
+in=200//W/m^2
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+N=in*A*lam/(h*c)
+printf("The number of pairs generated per second is %.3f * 10^14",N*10^-14)
diff --git a/1826/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce b/1826/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..522dfa0c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH16/EX16.2/ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 16.2, page no-417
+clear
+clc
+
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+eg=1.43 //eV
+E=e*eg
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+lam=h*c/E
+printf("The wavelength of emitted radiation is %.2f µm",lam*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ba8016ec --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.1/ex18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 18.1, page no-460
+clear
+clc
+atom=4
+kci=0.629*10^-9//m
+alfk=1.264*10^-40//m^2
+alfCl=3.408*10^-40//m^2
+eps0=8.854*10^-12
+pol=alfk+alfCl
+N=atom/kci^3
+epsr=(N*pol/eps0)+1
+printf("\nThe electronic polarisability for KCL = %.3f *10^-40 F m^2\n",pol*10^40)
+printf("\nThe no of Dipoles per m^3 = %.3f * 10^28 atoms m^-3\n",N/10^28)
+printf("\nThe dielectric constant of KCL is %.3f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5d1de5546 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.10/ex18_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 18.10, page no-466
+clear
+clc
+
+epsr=1.0024
+N=2.7*10^25 //atoms.m^-3
+eps=8.854*10^-12//F.m^-1
+alfe=eps*(epsr-1)/N
+printf("The polarisability of argon atom is %.1f * 10^-40 F m^2",alfe*10^40)
+
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db7b8cdcd --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.11/ex18_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 18.11, page no-466
+clear
+clc
+
+epsr=1.0000684
+N=2.7*10^25 //atoms.m^-3
+eps=8.854*10^-12//F.m^-1
+alfe=eps*(epsr-1)/N
+printf("The electronic polarisability of He atom at NTP is %.3f * 10^-41 F m^2",alfe*10^41)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b6feb63f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.12/ex18_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.12, page no-467
+clear
+clc
+epsr=12
+N=5*10^28 //atoms.m^-3
+eps=8.854*10^-12//F.m^-1
+alfe=eps*(epsr-1)/N
+printf("The electronic polarisability of given element is %.3f * 10^-39 F m^2",alfe*10^39)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b218be605 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.13/ex18_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 18.13, page no-467
+clear
+clc
+
+c=2*10^-6//F
+v=1000//V
+epsr=100
+E=(c*v^2)/2
+c0=c/epsr
+e2=(c0*v^2)/2
+E1=E-e2
+printf("The energy stored in dielectric is %.2f J",E1)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b7fdfb943 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.14/ex18_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 18.14, page no-468
+clear
+clc
+epsr=4.94
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+d=2.07*10^3//kg.m^-3
+w=32.07
+N=6.023*10^23*10^3*d/w
+alfe=3*eps*(epsr-1)/(N*(epsr+2))
+printf("The electronic polarisability of sulphur is %f * 10^-40 F.m^2",alfe*10^40)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_15.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1018eeffa --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.15/ex18_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 18.15, page no-469
+clear
+clc
+A=6.45*10^-4//m^2
+d=2*10^-3//m
+epsr=6
+v=10//v
+eps=8.85*10^-12//F/m
+c=eps*epsr*A/d
+printf("Capaccitance of Capacitor = %.3f pF",c*10^12)
+q=c*v
+E=v/d
+p=eps*(epsr-1)*E
+printf("\ncharge stored on the plate is %.3f *10^-11 C",q*10^11)
+printf("\nPolarisation produce in the plate is %.3f *10^-7 Cm^-2",p*10^7)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec76e5765 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.16/ex18_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.16, page no-470
+clear
+clc
+E=600*10^3 //V/m
+eps=8.854*10^-12 //F/m
+epsr=6
+p=eps*(epsr-1)*E
+printf("Polarisation produced in NaCl is %.3f *10^-5 C.m^-2",p*10^5)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b44753216 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.17/ex18_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.17, page no-470
+clear
+clc
+E=1000 //V/m
+p=4.3*10^-8
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+epsr=1+p/(eps*E)
+printf("Relative permitivity of NaCl is %.2f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb927b0b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.18/ex18_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 18.18, page no-471
+clear
+clc
+A=1000*10^-6 //m^2
+d=5*10^-3
+epsr=4
+Q=3*10^-10
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+c=(eps*epsr*A)/d
+v=Q/c
+E=v/d
+printf("The voltage across capacitor is %.2f V\nThe electric field strength is %.2f V/m",v,E)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bac8fcf98 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.19/ex18_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.19, page no-472
+clear
+clc
+epsr=1.0000684
+N=2.7*10^25//m^-3
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+alfe=eps*(epsr-1)/N
+printf("The electronic polarisability of He atoms at NTP is %.3f *10^-41 F.m^2",alfe*10^41)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..069ecb401 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.2/ex18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Example 18.2, page no-460
+clear
+clc
+r=0.12*10^-9//m
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+alf=4*%pi*eps*r^3
+printf("The electronic polarisability of an isolated Se is %.4f * 10^-40 F m^2",alf*10^40)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0b098e68 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.20/ex18_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 18.20, page no-472
+clear
+clc
+A=3*10^-3//m^2
+d=1*10^-3 //m
+epsr=3.5
+Q=20*10^-9//C
+eps=8.854*10^-12 //F.m^-1
+c=eps*epsr*A/d
+E=Q/(c*d)
+printf("The capacitance of capacitor is %.2f pF\nThe electric field strength is %.2f*10^3 V/m",c*10^12,E*10^-3)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0d23a3f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.21/ex18_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 18.21, page no-473
+clear
+clc
+A=7.54*10^-4 //m^2
+d=2.45*10^-3 //m
+epsr=6
+v=10 //V
+eps=8.854*10^-12//F/m
+c=eps*epsr*A/d
+printf("\nThe capacitance of the capacitor is %.3f pF",c*10^12)
+Q=c*v
+E=v/d
+p=eps*(epsr-1)*E
+D=eps*epsr*E
+printf("\nCharge stored on capacitor = %.3f *10^-11 C\nE=%.2f*10^3 V/m\nPolarisation=%.3f*10^-7 Cm^-2\ndielectric displacement = %.3f*10^-7 cm",Q*10^11,E*10^-3,p*10^7,D*10^7)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30ae7efd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.22/ex18_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.22, page no-475
+clear
+clc
+E=500
+epsr=6
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+p=eps*(epsr-1)*E
+printf("The polarisation produced in NaCl is %.3f * 10^-8 C.m^-2",p*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5064c4ea6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.23/ex18_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 18.23, page no-475
+clear
+clc
+
+E=500
+epsr=15
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+p=eps*(epsr-1)*E
+printf("The polarisation produced in NaCl is %.3f * 10^-8 C.m^-2",p*10^8)
+
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.24/ex18_24.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.24/ex18_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..28a23fb7c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.24/ex18_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 18.24, page no-475
+clear
+clc
+A=650*10^-6 //mm^2
+d=4 *10^-3//mm
+epsr=3.5
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+q=2*10^-10//C
+v=q*d/(eps*epsr*A)
+printf("The voltage across capacitor is %.2f V",v)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.25/ex18_25.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.25/ex18_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..06ffff775 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.25/ex18_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 18.25, page no-476
+clear
+clc
+A=5*10^-4 //m^2
+d=1.5*10^-3//m
+epsr=6
+v=100
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+q=eps*epsr*A*v/d
+printf("The charge on the capacitor is %.2f *10^-9 C",q*10^9)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.26/ex18_26.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.26/ex18_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7052c08be --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.26/ex18_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 18.26, page no-476
+clear
+clc
+
+d=2.08*10^3//kg-m^3
+wt=32
+ep=3.28*10^-40
+eps=8.854*10^-15
+k=(3*10^28*7*10^-40)/(3*eps)
+epsr=2.5812/(1-0.7906)
+printf("The dielectric constant of the given material is %.3f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..527126e1e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.3/ex18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.3, page no-461
+clear
+clc
+
+n=2.69
+er=4.94
+alfi_by_alfe=(((n+2)*(er-1))/((er+2)*(n-1)))-1
+printf("The ratio of the electronic to ionic polariability is %.4f",1/alfi_by_alfe)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..586d08ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.4/ex18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.4, page no-462
+clear
+clc
+N= 2.7*10^25//atoms m^-3
+alfe=0.35*10^-40 //F m^2
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+epsr=(1+(2*N*alfe)/(3*eps))/(1-(N*alfe)/(3*eps))
+printf("The dielectric constant of Ne gas is %.8f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6cba66646 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.5/ex18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 18.5, page no-462
+clear
+clc
+
+eps=8.85*10^-12//F m^-1
+epsr=6
+A=5*10^-4//m^2
+d=1.5*10^-3
+v=100
+Q=eps*epsr*A*v/d
+printf("The charge on the capacitor is %.2f * 10^-9 C",Q*10^9)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..011ee45bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.6/ex18_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 18.6, page no-463
+clear
+clc
+N=2.7*10^25//m^-3
+d=0.384*10^-9//m
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+alfe=4*%pi*eps*d^3
+epsr=(1+(2*N*alfe)/(3*eps))/(1-(N*alfe)/(3*eps))
+printf("The dielectric constant of Ar is %.8f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b31836e98 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.7/ex18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 18.7, page no-464
+clear
+clc
+c=2*10^-6//F
+epsr=80
+v=1000 //v
+E1=(c*v^2)/2
+c0=c/epsr
+E2=(c0*v^2)/2
+E=E1-E2
+printf("\nThe Energy stored in capacitor =%.0f J",E1)
+printf("\nThe energy stored in polarising the capacitor = %.4f J",E)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e78b292d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.8/ex18_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 18.8, page no-464
+clear
+clc
+N=5*10^28 //m^-3
+alfe=2*10^-40 //F m^2
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+P=N*alfe
+E_ratio=1/(1-(P/(3*eps)))
+printf("The ratio of the internal field to the applied field = %.4f",E_ratio)
diff --git a/1826/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce b/1826/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0608553b --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH18/EX18.9/ex18_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 18.9, page no-465
+clear
+clc
+E=1000//V.m^-1
+P=4.3*10^-8 //C.m^-2
+eps=8.854*10^-12 //F.m^-1
+epsr=1+P/(eps*E)
+printf("The relative permittivity of NaCl is %.2f",epsr)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.1/ex19_1.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.1/ex19_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c4e71699 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.1/ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 19.1, page no-541
+clear
+clc
+M=2300//A/m
+B=0.00314// Wb/m^2
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+H=(B/mu)-M
+mur=(M/H)+1
+printf("The magnetic force H is %.4f A/m and the relative permeability mu_r is %.5f",H,mur)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.10/ex19_10.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.10/ex19_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..028b7f604 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.10/ex19_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 19.10, page no-548
+clear
+clc
+
+d=8900//kg/m^3
+wt=58.71
+avg=6.022*10^26
+bet=9.27*10^-24
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+mm=0.6*bet
+N=d*avg/wt
+ms=mm*N
+bs=mu*ms
+printf("\nThe saturation magnetisation is %.3f *10^5 A/m\nThe saturation flux density is %.3f Wb/m^2",ms*10^-5,bs)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.11/ex19_11.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.11/ex19_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05654bce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.11/ex19_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 19.11, page no-548
+clear
+clc
+awt=157.25//atomic weight
+an=64//atomic number
+d=7860//density
+k=9.27*10^-24
+avg=6.023*10^26
+N=d*8*k*avg/awt
+printf("The saturation magnetisation of gadolinium is %.2f*10^6 A/m",N*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.12/ex19_12.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.12/ex19_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..364f5aab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.12/ex19_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 19.12, page no-549
+clear
+clc
+H=1000 //A/m
+sus=-0.3*10^-5
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+M=sus*H
+B=mu*(M+H)
+printf("The magnetic flux density inside the material is %.3f T or Wb.m^-2",B*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9e3cbf69 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.2/ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 19.2, page no-542
+clear
+clc
+H=10^4 //A/m
+sus=3.7*10^-3
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+M=sus*H
+B=mu*(M+H)
+printf("The magnetisation in the material is %.0f A/m and flux density in the material is %.2f * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2",M,B*10^2)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b5c8d108b --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.3/ex19_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 19.3, page no-542
+clear
+clc
+H=10^4 //A/m
+sus=-0.8*10^-5
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+M=sus*H
+B=mu*(M+H)
+printf("The flux density in the material is %.2f * 10^-2 Wb.m^-2",B*10^2)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7ee61feb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.4/ex19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 19.4, page no-543
+clear
+clc
+
+H=1800//A/m
+fi=3*10^-5//Wb
+A=0.2*10^-4//m^2
+
+B=fi/A
+mu=B/H
+printf("\nThe magnetic flux is %.1f Wb/m^2\nThe permeability is %.3f*10^-4 H/m",B,mu*10^4)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.5/ex19_5.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.5/ex19_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7943c49c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.5/ex19_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 19.5, page no-544
+clear
+clc
+
+B=0.65//Wb/m^2
+r=8906//kg/m^3
+M=58.7
+avg=6.023*10^26
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+k=9.27*10^-24//A.m^2
+N=r*avg/M
+mu_m=B/(N*mu)
+mu_m=mu_m/k
+
+printf("The magnetic moment of nickel atom is %.2f Bohr magneton",mu_m)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.6/ex19_6.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.6/ex19_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21477f17e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.6/ex19_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 19.6, page no-545
+clear
+clc
+a=2.5*10^-10//m
+M=1.8*10^6//A/m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+n=2/a^3
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+h=6.625*10^-34
+ma=M/n
+beta1=e*h/(4*%pi*m)
+printf("The average magnetisation contributed per atom = %.3f Bohr Magneton",ma/beta1)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.7/ex19_7.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.7/ex19_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da562b480 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.7/ex19_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 19.7, page no-545
+clear
+clc
+
+mu=9.4*10^-24
+H=2
+k=1.38*10^-23
+T=2*mu*H/(k*log(2))
+printf("The temperature of the system T is %.1f K",T)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.8/ex19_8.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.8/ex19_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6d555f31f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.8/ex19_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 19.8, page no-547
+clear
+clc
+ba=7.1//Bohr Magnetron
+aw=1.8*10^6 //A/m
+d=7.8*10^3
+avg=6.023*10^26
+M=157.26
+mu=4*%pi*10^-7
+k=9.27*10^-24 //Bohr Magnetron
+N=d*avg/M
+mm=N*ba*k
+B=N*mu*k*7.1
+printf("\nThe saturation magnetic field of Gd atom is %f Wb/m^2",B)
diff --git a/1826/CH19/EX19.9/ex19_9.sce b/1826/CH19/EX19.9/ex19_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..531d5e346 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH19/EX19.9/ex19_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Example 19.9, page no-547
+clear
+clc
+bet=9.27*10^-24
+V=0.839*10^-9
+M=32*bet/V^3
+printf("The saturation magnetisation is %.3f *10^5 A/m",M*10^-5)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4379df466 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.13/ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 2.13, page no-37
+clear
+clc
+//(i)
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+a=4.12*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nFor (111) plane\nThe lattice spacing is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+//(ii)
+
+h=1
+k=1
+l=2
+a=4.12*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\n\nFor (112) plane\nThe lattice spacing is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+//(iii)
+
+h=1
+k=2
+l=3
+a=4.12*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\n\nFor (123) plane\nThe lattice spacing is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e44b94481 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.15/ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 2.15, page no-38
+clear
+clc
+h=2
+k=2
+l=0
+a=4.938*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice spacing for (220) plane is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4dd38e4c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.16/ex2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 2.16, page no-39
+clear
+clc
+a=0.405*10^-10//m
+t=0.005//m
+A=25*10^-2//m
+n=t*A/a^3
+printf("The number of atoms in the Al foil is %.2f * 10^28",n*10^-28)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..554d79fa2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.17/ex2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Example 2.17, page no-39
+clear
+clc
+a=2.88*10^-10//
+d=7200//k/m^3
+n=1/(d*a^3)
+printf("The number of unit cell present in 1 kg metal is %.4f *10^24",n*10^-24)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.18/ex2_18.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.18/ex2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..439ef6635 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.18/ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 2.18, page no-39
+clear
+clc
+rbcc=0.1258*10^-9
+rfcc=0.1292*10^-9
+a=4*rbcc/sqrt(3)
+vbcc=(a^3)/2
+a1=4*rfcc/sqrt(2)
+vfcc=(a1^3)/4
+vp=(vbcc-vfcc)
+vp=floor(vp*10^32)
+vp=vp*10^-32/vbcc
+printf("The volume change in %% duringg the structural change is %.4f",vp*100)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.19/ex2_19.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.19/ex2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2698e789 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.19/ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 2.19, page no-40
+clear
+clc
+awt=63.5*10^-3//g
+avg=6.023*10^26
+r=1.273*10^-10
+n=4
+a=4*r/sqrt(2)
+d=n*awt/(avg*a^3)
+printf("The density of copper is %.4f gm/m^3",d)
+
+
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b62d0d362 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.2/ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 2.2, page no-29
+clear
+clc
+// Intercepts are in the ratio 3a:4b along X,Y and parallel to Z axis
+//x intercept 3,y intercept 4 and z intercept infinity
+a=2*10^-10// 2 Angstrom
+h=4
+k=3
+l=0
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("The lattice spacing for the plane 430 is %.1f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.20/ex2_20.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.20/ex2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47e812867 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.20/ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 2.20, page no-41
+clear
+clc
+d=7860
+m=55.85
+n=2
+avg=6.023*10^26
+a=(n*m*10^-3/(avg*d))^(1/3)
+r=a*sqrt(3)/4
+printf("\nThe lattice constant of alfa-iron is %.4f A°",a*10^10)
+printf("\nThe atomic radius of alfa-iron is %.5f *10^-10 m",r*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2c555347 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.22/ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 2.22, page no-42
+clear
+clc
+a=3.81*10^-10//m
+h=1
+k=3
+l=2
+lam=0.58*10^-10
+n=2
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+theta=asin(n*lam/(2*d))
+printf("The angle of glancing at which 2nd order diffraction pattern of NaCl occurs is %.2f°",theta*180/%pi)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..423554562 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.23/ex2_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 2.23, page no-43
+clear
+clc
+h=3
+k=0
+l=2
+theta=35//in degrees
+lam=0.7*10^-10//m
+n=1
+d=n*lam/(2*sin(theta*%pi/180))
+printf("\nThe interplanar distance for(302) plane is %.3f*10^-11 m",d*10^11)
+a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice constance is %.2f*10^-10 m",a*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.jpg b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..2e7ed2d57 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.jpg diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..297146193 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 2.24, page no-44
+clear
+clc
+///for plane (0,0,1)
+deff('z=f(x,y)','z=x^0-y^0')
+x=0:0.2:3 ;y=x ;
+//clf() ;
+subplot(311)
+fplot3d(x,y,f,alpha=5,theta=31)
+
+///For plane(1,0,1)
+deff('z=f(x,y)','z=x^1-y^0')
+x=0:0.2:3 ;y=x ;
+//clf() ;
+subplot(312)
+fplot3d(x,y,f,alpha=5,theta=31)
+
+///For plane(1,1,1)
+deff('z=f(x,y)','z=x^1-y^1')
+x=0:0.2:3 ;y=x ;
+//clf() ;
+subplot(313)
+fplot3d(x,y,f,alpha=5,theta=31)
+
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24c.jpg b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24c.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd0ce6c5e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.24/ex2_24c.jpg diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.25/ex2_25.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.25/ex2_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..22c78d294 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.25/ex2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 2.25, page no-45
+clear
+clc
+theta=12//in degrees
+lam=2.82*10^-10//m
+n=1
+d=n*lam/(2*sin(theta*%pi/180))
+printf("The interplanar spacing is %.3f *10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.26/ex2_26.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.26/ex2_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ff572853 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.26/ex2_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 2.26, page no-46
+clear
+clc
+theta=27.5/2//in degrees
+a=0.563*10^-9
+n=1
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice spacing for the plane (111) is %.2f * 10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+lam=2*d*sin(theta*%pi/180)/n
+printf("\nThe deBroglie wavelength of the neutrons is %.3f *10^-10 m",lam*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.27/ex2_27.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.27/ex2_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d8964ac6f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.27/ex2_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 2.27, page no-46
+clear
+clc
+h=1
+k=1
+l=0
+d=2*10^-10//m
+a=d*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+R=a/(2*sqrt(2))
+printf("The lattice constant is %.3f*10^-10 m\nThe atomic radius of the crystal is %.1f *10^-10 m",a*10^10,R*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.28/ex2_28.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.28/ex2_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b84a7d4de --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.28/ex2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 2.28, page no-47
+clear
+clc
+theta=22//in degrees
+d=1.8*10^-10//m
+n=1
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+lam=2*d*sin(theta*%pi/180)/n
+E=(1/(2*m))*(h/lam)^(2)
+printf("\nThe deBroglie wavelength of the neutron is %.3f *10^-10\nthe energy of the neutron is %.2f eV",lam*10^10,E/e)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.29/ex2_29.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.29/ex2_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..edc6bff85 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.29/ex2_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 2.29, page no-48
+clear
+clc
+
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+a=3*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe interplanar spacing for the plane(101) is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8800ef2c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.3/ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 2.3, page no-31
+clear
+clc
+
+d=9.6*10^2//kg/m^3
+awt=23
+n=2
+avg=6.023*10^26
+m=n*awt/avg
+a=(m/d)^(1/3)
+printf("The lattice constant od sodium is %.1f A°",a*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.30/ex2_30.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.30/ex2_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6458048a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.30/ex2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 2.30, page no-48
+clear
+clc
+h=3
+k=2
+l=1
+rfcc=0.1278*10^-9//m
+a=4*rfcc/sqrt(2)
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice constant = %.3f *106-10\nThe interplanar spacing for the plane(321) is %.3f*10^-11 m",a*10^10,d*10^11)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.31/ex2_31.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.31/ex2_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7c99f7853 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.31/ex2_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 2.31, page no-49
+clear
+clc
+a=0.4049*10^-10//m
+t=0.005//m
+A=25*10^-2//m
+n=t*A/a^3
+printf("The number of atoms in the Al foil is %.2f * 10^28",n*10^-28)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.32/ex2_32.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.32/ex2_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc021f35d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.32/ex2_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 2.32, page no-49
+clear
+clc
+theta=20//in degrees
+d=2*10^-10//m
+n=1
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=1.67*10^-27//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+lam=2*d*sin(theta*%pi/180)/n
+E=(1/(2*m))*(h/lam)^(2)
+printf("\nThe deBroglie wavelength of the neutron is %.3f *10^-10\nthe energy of the neutron is %.4f eV",lam*10^10,E/e)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.35/ex2_35.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.35/ex2_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3dc2c5b2d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.35/ex2_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 2.35, page no-51
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+ek=235.2*e
+n=1
+theta=9.21
+lam=h/sqrt(2*m*ek)
+d=n*lam/(2*sin(theta*%pi/180))
+printf("\nThe deBroglie wavelength of electron is %.3f *10^-11 m\nThe interplanar spacing is %.3f *10^-10 m",lam*10^11,d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.36/ex2_36.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.36/ex2_36.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e67b5da86 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.36/ex2_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 2.36, page no-52
+clear
+clc
+// Intercepts are in the ratio 3a:4b along X,Y and parallel to Z axis
+//x intercept 3,y intercept 4 and z intercept infinity
+a=2*10^-10// 2 Angstrom
+h=4
+k=3
+l=0
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("The lattice spacing for the plane 430 is %.1f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.38/ex2_38.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.38/ex2_38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6a3136cd --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.38/ex2_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +// Example 2.38, page no-53
+clear
+clc
+printf("Same as example 2.24 of the same chapter")
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a57e20c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.4/ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 2.4, page no-31
+clear
+clc
+
+d=4*10^3//kg/m^3
+awtcs=132.9
+awtcl=35.5
+a=4.12*10^-10
+m=d*a^3
+N=(awtcs+awtcl)/m
+printf("The value of Avogadro Constant %.4f *10^26 per kg mole",N*10^-26)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2245e92c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.5/ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 2.5, page no-31
+clear
+clc
+lam=1.5418*10^-10//m
+theta=30//in degrees
+h=1
+k=1
+l=1
+a=lam*sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)/(2*sin(theta*%pi/180))
+printf("The lattice constant is %.4f *10^-10 m",a*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..352cad0f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.6/ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 2.6, page no-33
+clear
+clc
+h=1
+k=0
+l=0
+a=2.814*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("The lattice spacing for the plane(100) is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ab942fd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.7/ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 2.7, page no-33
+clear
+clc
+h=3
+k=2
+l=1
+a=4.12*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("The lattice spacing for the plane(321) is %.4f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce b/1826/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1608243c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX2.8/ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 2.8, page no-34
+clear
+clc
+///(i)
+h=1
+k=0
+l=1
+a=4.2*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice spacing for the plane(101) is %.3f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+///(ii)
+h=2
+k=2
+l=1
+a=4.12*10^-10
+d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+printf("\nThe lattice spacing for the plane(220) is %.1f*10^-10 m",d*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH2/EX20.21/ex2_21.sce b/1826/CH2/EX20.21/ex2_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a7796e795 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH2/EX20.21/ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 2.21, page no-42
+clear
+clc
+d=8960
+m=63.54
+n=4
+avg=6.023*10^26
+a=(n*m*10^-3/(avg*d))^(1/3)
+printf("\nThe lattice constant of copper is %.4f A°",a*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce b/1826/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78d5ed47f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH20/EX20.2/ex20_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 20.1, page no-568
+clear
+clc
+h0=0.0306
+t1=2.0
+t2=3.7
+he=h0*(1-((t1^2)/t2^2))
+printf("The critical field at %d K is %.5f T",t1,he)
diff --git a/1826/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce b/1826/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60737d936 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH20/EX20.3/ex20_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 20.3, page no-569
+clear
+clc
+
+t1=4.2
+t2=7.18
+h0=6.5*10^4//A/m
+he=h0*(1-((t1^2)/t2^2))
+r=0.5*10^-3
+I=2*%pi*he*r
+printf("The critical current through a wire of lead is %.2f A",I)
diff --git a/1826/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce b/1826/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d35f2212f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH20/EX20.4/ex20_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 20.4, page no-570
+clear
+clc
+
+tc1=4.185
+m1=199.5
+m2=203.4
+tc2=tc1* sqrt(m1/m2)
+printf("The critical temperature for metal with isotopic mass of %.1f is %.3f K",m2,tc2)
diff --git a/1826/CH23/EX23.1/ex23_1.sce b/1826/CH23/EX23.1/ex23_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6895fa0e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH23/EX23.1/ex23_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +// Example 23.1, page no-625
+clear
+clc
+p_wt=500 //kg
+s_req=32/(32+54)
+printf("Therefore, sulphur required for %d *10^3 kg of final rubber product = %d * 10^-3 kg",p_wt,s_req*p_wt)
diff --git a/1826/CH23/EX23.2/ex23_2.sce b/1826/CH23/EX23.2/ex23_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da48e6977 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH23/EX23.2/ex23_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 23.2, page no-625
+clear
+clc
+E=370*10^3//energy of c-c bond j/mol\
+lam=3200*10^-10 //m
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+E1=h*c/lam
+Ec=E/(6.02*10^23)
+printf("\nE=%.2f*10^-19 J",E1*10^19)
+printf("\nThe Energy of c-c Bond = %.1f * 10^-19",Ec*10^19)
+printf("\n\nThe UV light photon energy is sufficient to break a C-C bond.\nTherefore, the polymer deteriorates under the influence of UV light")
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.1/ex3_1.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.1/ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..edb5aaffc --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.1/ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 3.1, page no-89
+clear
+clc
+h=6.626*10^-34//Js
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+v=10000//V
+lam_min=(h*c)/(e*v)
+V=c/lam_min
+printf("\n(i)\nThe wavelength of X-rays emitted Lamda_min = %.2f A°\n(ii)\nThe frequency of X-ray beam emitted is %.1f*10^18 Hz",lam_min*10^10,V*10^-18)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fdeff39a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.2/ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 3.2, page no-89
+clear
+clc
+v=10000//V
+i=2*10^-3 //A
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+t=1
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+//(i)
+n=i*t/e
+printf("The no of electrons striking the target per second =%.2f *10^16",n*10^-16)
+//(ii)
+v1=sqrt(2*e*v/m)
+//(iii)
+lam=12400/v
+printf("\n(ii)\nThe velocity of electron =%.2f*10^7 m/s\n(iii)\nWavelength of x-rays=%.2f A°",v1*10^-7,lam)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.3/ex3_3.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.3/ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..04a6004b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.3/ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 3.3, page no-90
+clear
+clc
+d=5.6534*10^-10
+theta=13.6666 //in degrees
+n=1
+//(i)
+lam=2*d*sin(theta*%pi/180)/n
+printf("\n(i)\nLambda =%.3f*10^-10 m",lam*10^10)
+//(ii)
+n=2
+theta=asin(n*lam/(2*d))
+theta=theta*180/%pi
+printf("\n(ii)\n2nd order Bragg reflection at angle Theta2 = %f°",theta)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f25d8589 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.4/ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 3.4, page no-91
+clear
+clc
+v=24800
+n=1
+lam=1.54*10^-10//m
+ga=15.8 //degree
+//(i)
+d=n*lam/(2*sin(ga*%pi/180))
+printf("\n(i)\ngrating spacinf for NaCl crystal =%f *10^-10 m",d*10^10)
+//(ii)
+lam_min=12400/v
+lam_min=lam_min*10^-10
+theta=asin(n*lam_min/(2*d))
+theta=theta*180/%pi
+printf("\n(ii)\nglancing angle for minimum wavelength = %f degrees",theta)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.5/ex3_5.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.5/ex3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7b98672ec --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.5/ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 3.5, page no-92
+clear
+clc
+lam=0.7078 *10^-10
+wt=42
+wt1=48
+lam1=(lam*(wt-1)^2)/(wt1-1)^2
+printf("\nWavelength of cadmium radiation is %.4f A°",lam1*10^10)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.6/ex3_6.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.6/ex3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..25af64203 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.6/ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 3.6, page no-92
+clear
+clc
+lam=10^-10//m
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=1.675*10^-27
+e1=1.602*10^-19//ev
+e=(h^2)/(2*m*lam^2)
+e=e/e1
+printf("\nThe energy of thermal neutron with wavelength 1A° is %f eV",e)
diff --git a/1826/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce b/1826/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abb9c52f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH3/EX3.8/ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +// Example 3.8, page no-94
+clear
+clc
+lam=0.1//nm
+T=(2.516^2)/(lam)^2
+printf("temperature of thermal neutron corresponding to 1A is %.0f K",T)
diff --git a/1826/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce b/1826/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c9ac9357 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 4.1, page no-92
+clear
+clc
+R=2.81*10^-10 //m
+e=1.6*10^-19
+eps=8.854*10^-12
+U=-(e^2)/(4*%pi*eps*R)
+printf("The Coulomb interatomic energy is %.2f eV",U*10^19/1.6)
diff --git a/1826/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce b/1826/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a526cad24 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH5/EX5.1/ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 5.1, page no-130
+clear
+clc
+
+a=3.615*10^-10//m
+t_ang=0.75 //in degree
+h=1
+k=1
+l=0
+d_110=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)
+D=d_110/tan(t_ang*%pi/(180*2))
+printf("The average distance between the dislocations is %.3f A°",D*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce b/1826/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcfc28ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH5/EX5.2/ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 5.2, page no-130
+clear
+clc
+lp=4.0185*10^-10//m
+dens=4285//kg/m^3
+avg=6.022*10^26
+wt_cs=132.9
+wt_cl=35.5
+N=(dens*avg*lp^3)/(wt_cs+wt_cl)
+sd=(1-N)*100/1
+printf("The number of Schottky defects per unit cell = %.3f%%",sd)
diff --git a/1826/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce b/1826/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..038d80fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH6/EX6.1/ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 6.1, page no-143
+clear
+clc
+e=1.609*10^-19//C
+eg=1.8 //eV
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+E=e*eg
+lamda=h*c/E
+printf("The wavelength of light emitted from given LED is %.3f µm",lamda*10^7)
diff --git a/1826/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce b/1826/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..586ea9fee --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH6/EX6.2/ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 6.2, page no-144
+clear
+clc
+lam=6715*10^-10//m
+h=6.626*10^-34
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+Eg=h*c/lam
+Eg=Eg/e
+printf("The band gap of the given GaAsP is %.2f eV",Eg)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3bb375d26 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.1/ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 7.1, page no-160
+clear
+clc
+rho=1.73*10^-8 //Ohm-m
+z=63.5
+d=8.92*10^3 //kg/m^3
+avg=6.023*10^26
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+
+n=avg*d/z
+sig=1/rho
+tau=sig*m/(n*e^2)
+mu=sig/(n*e)
+
+printf("Mobility of electrons in copper is %.2f *10^-3 m^2/V-s",mu*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ed6cf25d --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.10/ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 7.10, page no-166
+clear
+clc
+rho=1.6*10^-8 //Ohm-m
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+fe=5.5*e//J
+avg=6.023*10^23
+d=1.05*10^4//density
+wt=107.9*10^-3//atomic weight
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+c=3*10^8//m/s
+sig=1/rho
+n=avg*d/wt
+t=sig*m/(n*e^2)
+printf("\nThe conductivity of silver piece is %.2f*10^7 per Ohm-m\n\nThe relaxation time is %.2f*10^-14 s",sig*10^-7,t*10^14)
+lam=c*t
+vd=sig*100/(n*e)
+printf("\n\nThe driftt velocityy of electrons in the silver piece is %.2f m/s",vd)
+
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.11/ex7_11.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.11/ex7_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a7121c226 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.11/ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 7.11, page no-167
+clear
+clc
+r1=1.7*10^-8
+t2=300
+t1=700+273
+r2=r1*sqrt((t1/t2))
+printf("The resistivityy of the copper wire is %.4f*10^-8 Ohm-m",r2*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.12/ex7_12.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.12/ex7_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b219f1d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.12/ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Example 7.12, page no-168
+clear
+clc
+
+rho=1.54*10^-8
+e=1.6*10^-19 //C
+ef=5.5*e//J
+n=5.8*10^28///per cubic meter
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+
+//(i)
+t=m/(rho*n*e^2)
+mu=e*t/m
+printf("\n(i)\nThe relaxation time is %.2f*10^-14 s\nThe mobility of the electrons is %.4f *10^-3 m^2/V-s",t*10^14,mu*10^3)
+
+//(ii)
+vd=e*t*100/m
+printf("\n\n(ii)\nthe drift velocity of elctron is %.5f m/s",vd)
+
+//(iii)
+vf=sqrt(2*ef/m)
+printf("\n\n(iii)\nFermi velocity is %.2f*10^6 m/s",vf*10^-6)
+
+//(iv)
+lam=vf*t
+printf("\n\n(iv)\nThe mean free path is %.3f*10^-8 m",lam*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0fb7b0092 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.2/ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 7.2, page no-161
+clear
+clc
+r=1.85*10^-10//m
+t=3*10^-14//s
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+a=r*(4/sqrt(3))
+ne=2/a^3
+rho=m/(ne*t*e^2)
+printf("Resistivity of copper is %.3f*10^-8 Ohm-m",rho*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3a37c46f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.3/ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 7.3, page no-161
+clear
+clc
+
+r=1.85*10^-10//m
+t=3.1*10^14//s
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+n=25.33*10^27
+rho=m/(n*t*e^2)
+printf("The electric Resistivity of sodium at 0°C is %.3f*10^-36 Ohm-m",rho*10^36)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..974f814fb --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.4/ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 7.4, page no-162
+clear
+clc
+
+r=1.85*10^-10//m
+t=3.4*10^-14//s
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+n=5.8*10^28//per m^3
+rho=m/(n*t*e^2)
+printf("\nThe electric resistivity of material is %.3f*10^-8 Ohm-m",rho*10^8)
+mu=e*t/m
+printf("\nThe mobility of the electron in a metal is %.2f*10^-3 m^2/v-s",mu*10^3)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d184880c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.5/ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 7.5, page no-163
+clear
+clc
+
+rho=1.54*10^-8//ohm-m
+E=100//V/m
+n=5.8*10^28//m^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+mu=1/(rho*n*e)
+vd=mu*E
+printf("\nMobility of electron in silvetr is %.4f*10^-3 m^2/v-s\n\nThe drift velocity of the electron in silver is %.5f m/s ",mu*10^3,vd)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..235f1aea9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.6/ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 7.6, page no-163
+clear
+clc
+
+d=10.5*10^3 //kg/m^3
+sig=6.8*10^7//per Ohm-m
+wt=107.9//kg/m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+avg=6.023*10^26//atoms/m^3
+
+n=avg*d/wt
+mu=sig/(n*e)
+printf("The mobility of electron is %.3f *10^-2 m^2.V/s",mu*10^2)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9389f062a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.7/ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 7.7, page no-164
+clear
+clc
+sig=5.87*10^7
+k=390//W/m-k
+T=293
+L=k/(sig*T)
+printf("The Lorentz number is %.3f *10^-8 W.Ohm/K^2",L*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5431f5125 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.8/ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 7.8, page no-164
+clear
+clc
+
+t=1*10^-14//s
+T=300//K
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+n=6*10^28//per m^3
+sig=(n*t*e^2)/m
+printf("\nthe electrical conductivity is %.4f * 10^7/ohm-m",sig*10^-7)
+k=1.38*10^-23
+k1=n*%pi^2*k^2*T*t/(3*m)
+printf("\n\nThermal conductivity is %.2f W/m-k",k1)
+L=k1/(sig*T)
+printf("\n\nthe Lorentz number is %.4f *10^-8 W.Ohm/k^2",L*10^8)
diff --git a/1826/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce b/1826/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9c07584a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH7/EX7.9/ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 7.9, page no-165
+clear
+clc
+
+d=8900 //kg/m^3
+cu=63.5
+t=10^-14 //s
+avg=6.023*10^23
+n=avg*d*1000/cu
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+sig=(n*t*e^2)/m
+printf("The electrical conductivity is %.3f *10^7 /Ohm-m",sig*10^-7)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8a0139d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.1/ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Example 8.1, page no-208
+clear
+clc
+d_cu=8.96*10^3//density of cu
+a_cu=63.55//Atomic weight of cu
+d_z=7100
+a_z=65.38
+d_al=2700
+a_al=27
+avg=6.023*10^26
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+
+//(i)
+n_cu=d_cu*avg/a_cu
+e_cu=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n_cu/%pi)^(2/3)
+e_cu=e_cu/e
+printf("\n(i)For Cu\nThe electron concentration in Cu is %.4f*10^28 per m^3\nFermi energy at 0 k =%.4f eV ",n_cu*10^-28,e_cu)
+
+//(ii)
+n_z=d_z*avg*2/a_z
+e_z=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n_z/%pi)^(2/3)
+e_z=e_z/e
+printf("\n(i)For Zn\nThe electron concentration in Zn is %.4f*10^28 per m^3\nFermi energy at 0 k =%.4f eV ",n_z*10^-28,e_z)
+
+//(i)
+n_al=d_al*avg*3/a_al
+e_al=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n_al/%pi)^(2/3)
+e_al=e_al/e
+printf("\n(i)For Al\nThe electron concentration in Al is %.4f*10^28 per m^3\nFermi energy at 0 k =%.4f eV ",n_al*10^-28,e_al)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02761cd2f --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.10/ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 8.10, page no-215
+clear
+clc
+n=18.1*10^28//per cubic m
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=((3*n/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+ef=ef/e
+printf("The Fermi energy at 0 K is %.2f eV ",ef)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cc67491a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.11/ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 8.11, page no-215
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+Ed=0.5*e
+k=1.38*10^-23
+x=0.01
+T=Ed/(k*log((1/x)-1))
+
+printf("Temperature at which there is 1%% probability that a state with 0.5 eV energy occupied above the Fermi energy level is %.1f K",T)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ebf8d3b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.12/ex8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +// Example 8.12, page no-216
+clear
+clc
+printf("Theorotical Exam[ple")
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..316095b90 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.13/ex8_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +// Example 8.1, page no-217
+clear
+clc
+printf("Theorotical Exam[ple")
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c69f28205 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.14/ex8_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 8.14, page no-218
+clear
+clc
+ef=2.1
+k=1.38*10^-23
+T=300//K
+e=1.6*10^-19//c
+//(i)
+p1=0.99
+E1=ef+(k*T*log(-1+1/p1))/e
+
+//(ii)
+p2=0.01
+E2=ef+(k*T*log(-1+1/p2))/e
+
+//(iii)
+p3=0.5
+E3=ef+(k*T*log(-1+1/p3))/e
+
+printf("\nThe energies for the occupying of delectrons at %d K for the probability of %.2f is %.2f",T,p1,E1)
+
+printf("\nThe energies for the occupying of delectrons at %d K for the probability of %.2f is %.2f",T,p2,E2)
+
+printf("\nThe energies for the occupying of delectrons at %d K for the probability of %.2f is %.2f",T,p3,E3)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2e16bc25 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.15/ex8_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 8.15, page no-219
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19 //C
+ed=0.02*e
+T1=200
+T2=400
+k=1.38*10^-23
+fe1=1/(1+%e^(ed/(k*T1)))
+fe2=1/(1+%e^(ed/(k*T2)))
+printf("\nThe Fermi distribution function for the given energy at %d K is %.4f",T1,fe1)
+printf("\nThe Fermi distribution function for the given energy at %d K is %.4f",T2,fe2)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.16/ex8_16.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.16/ex8_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d18410867 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.16/ex8_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 8.16, page no-220
+clear
+clc
+d=10500//density
+avg=6.022*10^26
+awt=107.9
+n=d*avg/awt//per cubic m
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=((3*n/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+ef=ef/e
+printf("The Fermi energy for given metal is %.2f eV ",ef)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.17/ex8_17.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.17/ex8_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e667507a --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.17/ex8_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 8.17, page no-221
+clear
+clc
+e=1.6*10^-19 //C
+ed=0.2*e
+T1=300
+T2=1000
+k=1.38*10^-23
+fe1=1/(1+%e^(ed/(k*T1)))
+fe2=1/(1+%e^(ed/(k*T2)))
+printf("\nThe Fermi distribution function for the given energy at %d K is %.6f",T1,fe1)
+printf("\nThe Fermi distribution function for the given energy at %d K is %.4f",T2,fe2)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..439d0ddd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.18/ex8_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 8.18, page no-221
+clear
+clc
+
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=3*e
+k=((3/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+k=ef/k
+n=k^(1.5)
+printf("The number of free electrons concentration in metal is %.2f *10^28 per cubic meter ",n*10^-28)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.19/ex8_19.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.19/ex8_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5fbabe0a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.19/ex8_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 8.18, page no-221
+clear
+clc
+
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=5.5*e
+k=((3/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+k=ef/k
+n=k^(1.5)
+printf("The number of free electrons concentration in metal is %.3f *10^28 per cubic meter ",n*10^-28)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f712f8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.2/ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 8.2, page no-210
+clear
+clc
+avg=6.023*10^26
+h=6.626*10^-34
+m=9.1*10^-31//kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+n=8.4905*10^28
+
+ef=(h^2/(8*m))*(3*n/%pi)^(2/3)
+ef=ef/e
+gam=6.82*10^27
+x=(gam*sqrt(ef))/2
+printf("The density of states for Cu at the Fermi level for T = 0 K is %.0f*10^27 m^-3",x*10^-27)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.20/ex8_20.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.20/ex8_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78851a4d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.20/ex8_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Example 8.18, page no-221
+clear
+clc
+
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=7*e
+k=((3/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+k=ef/k
+n=k^(1.5)
+printf("The number of free electrons concentration in metal is %.2f *10^28 per cubic meter ",n*10^-28)
+vth=sqrt(2*ef/m)
+printf("\nThe termal velocity of electrons in copper is %.3f *10^6 m/s",vth*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba423e1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.3/ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 8.3, page no-210
+clear
+clc
+rni=63//n Ohm.m
+rcr=129
+k=1120
+c=(k*10^-9)/(0.8*(1-0.8))
+printf("The Nordheims coeeficient is %.0f *10^-6 Ohm-m",c*10^6)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..791e3a60e --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.4/ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 8.4, page no-211
+clear
+clc
+d=2700//kh/m^3
+awt=27
+t=10^-14//s
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+avg=6.023*10^26
+n=avg*d*3/awt
+sig=(n*t*e^2)/m
+printf("The conductivity of Al is %.4f*10^7 ohm-m.",sig*10^-7)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c7b5fc95 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.5/ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 8.5, page no-211
+clear
+clc
+e1=0.01//eV
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ed=e*e1
+T=200//K
+E=1/(1+%e^(ed/(T*1.38*10^-23)))
+printf("The Fermy distribution function for energy E is %.4f",E)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e98be265 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.6/ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 8.6, page no-212
+clear
+clc
+
+v=0.86*10^6//m/s
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+k=1.38*10^-23 //J/K
+E=(m*v^2)/2
+T=E/k
+printf("\nThe fermi energy is %.3f*10^-19 J\nThe Fermi Temperature Tf is %.2f*10^4 K",E*10^19,T*10^-4)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c4d73038c --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.7/ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 8.7, page no-212
+clear
+clc
+
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+dE=0.01 //eV
+h=6.63*10^-34///Js
+eF=3//eV
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+E1=eF*e
+E2=E1+e*dE
+
+n=(4*%pi*(2*m)^(1.5))/h^3
+k=((2*0.3523/3)*((E2^(1.5)-(E1^(1.5)))))
+n=n*k
+printf("The number of states lying between the energy level is %.2f*10^25",n*10^-25)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c6310b89 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.8/ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Example 8.8, page no-214
+clear
+clc
+Tf=24600//K
+m=9.11*10^-31//Kg
+k=1.38*10^-23
+vf=sqrt(2*k*Tf/m)
+printf("The Fermi Velocity is %.4f *10^6 m/s",vf*10^-6)
diff --git a/1826/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce b/1826/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd5a49b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/1826/CH8/EX8.9/ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 8.9, page no-214
+clear
+clc
+n=18.1*10^28//per cubic m
+h=6.62*10^-34//Js
+m=9.1*10^-31//Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19//C
+ef=((3*n/(8*%pi))^(2/3))*((h^2)/(2*m))
+ef=ef/e
+printf("The Fermi energy at 0 K is %.2f eV ",ef)
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