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-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce6
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce22
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce28
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce30
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce37
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce16
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce16
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce16
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce12
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce12
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce30
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.2.a/ex4_2_a.sce7
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.2.b/ex4_2_b.sce11
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce23
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce23
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce50
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce16
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce27
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce20
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.26/ex4_26.sce28
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce20
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce20
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce22
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce27
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce11
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce23
-rw-r--r--165/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce23
27 files changed, 576 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d596a222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.1/ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Example 4.1
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=200*10^-6; //Full Scale Current
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+disp(S,'Sensitivity of 200 uA meter') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aae8a77fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.10/ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Example 4.10
+clc;
+
+Im=20*10^-3; //Full Scale Current
+Vm=100*10^-3; //Voltage across MCI
+Rm=Vm/Im; //Meter Resistence
+
+//Shunt resistence for fullscale current of 50 A
+I=50;
+Rsh=Im*Rm/(I-Im);
+disp(Rsh,'Shunt resistence for fullscale current of 50 A')
+
+P=Vm*I; //Power Dissipation
+disp(P,'Power Dissipation when as Ammeter')
+
+//Voltage Multiplier for full scale reading with 500 V
+V=500;
+Rsh=V/Im-Rm;
+disp(Rsh,'Voltage Multiplier for full scale reading with 500 V')
+
+P=V*Im; //Power Dissipation
+disp(P,'Power Dissipation when used as Voltmeter') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fe233ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.11/ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Example 4.11
+clc;
+
+R1=10000;
+R2=10000;
+V=100; //Voltage across given terminals
+VR2=R2*V/(R1+R2); //Using Voltage divider between R1 R2
+ //Also the true voltage across R2
+
+// Case I: Given is sensitivity of 1000
+S1=1000; //Given sentivity
+Rv=S1*VR2; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=R2*Rv/(R2+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V1=V*Req/(R1+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V1,'Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 1000 indicates ')
+
+// Case II: Given is sensitivity of 20000
+S2=20000; //Given sentivity
+Rv=S2*VR2; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=R2*Rv/(R2+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V2=V*Req/(R1+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V2,'Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 20000 indicates ')
+
+if (V1>V2) then
+ disp('Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 1000 is better')
+else
+ disp('Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 20000 is better')
+end \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc51abb2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.12/ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Example 4.12
+clc;
+
+Ra=25000;
+Rb=5000;
+V=30; //Voltage across given terminals
+VRb=Rb*V/(Ra+Rb); //Using Voltage divider between Ra Rb
+ //Also the true voltage across Rb
+disp(VRb,'True voltage across Rb')
+
+// Case I: Given is sensitivity of 1000
+S1=1000; //Given sentivity
+R=10; //Range of meter 1
+Rv=S1*R; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=Rb*Rv/(Rb+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V1=V*Req/(Ra+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V1,'Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 1000 indicates ')
+Ev1=(VRb-V1)*100/VRb; //Error in voltmeter 1
+
+// Case II: Given is sensitivity of 20000
+S2=20000; //Given sentivity
+R=10; //Range of meter 2
+Rv=S2*R; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=Rb*Rv/(Rb+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V2=V*Req/(Ra+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V2,'Voltmeter with Sensitivity of 20000 indicates ')
+Ev2=(VRb-V2)*100/VRb; //Error in voltmeter 2
+
+disp(Ev1,' Error in voltmeter 1')
+disp(Ev2,' Error in voltmeter 2') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27bfb9a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.13/ex4_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//Example 4.13
+clc;
+
+Ra=45000;
+Rb=5000;
+S=20000; //Given sentivity
+V=50; //Voltage across given terminals
+VRb=Rb*V/(Ra+Rb); //Using Voltage divide between Ra Rb
+ //Also the true voltage across Rb
+disp(VRb,'True voltage across Rb')
+
+// Case I: For range of 5 V
+R=5; //Range of meter 1
+Rv=S*R; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=Rb*Rv/(Rb+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V1=V*Req/(Ra+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V1,'Voltmeter with range 5 V')
+Ev1=(VRb-V1)*100/VRb; //Error in voltmeter 1
+disp(Ev1,' Error in voltmeter 1')
+
+// Case II: For range of 10 V
+R=10; //Range of meter 2
+Rv=S*R; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=Rb*Rv/(Rb+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V2=V*Req/(Ra+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V2,'Voltmeter with range 10 V')
+Ev2=(VRb-V2)*100/VRb; //Error in voltmeter 2
+disp(Ev2,' Error in voltmeter 2')
+
+// Case III: For range of 30 V
+R=30; //Range of meter 3
+Rv=S*R; //Voltmeter Resistence
+Req=Rb*Rv/(Rb+Rv); //R2 is parallel to meter
+V3=V*Req/(Ra+Req); //Voltage across the total combination
+disp(V3,'Voltmeter with range 30 V')
+Ev3=(VRb-V3)*100/VRb; //Error in voltmeter 3
+disp(Ev3,' Error in voltmeter 3') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbb247a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.14/ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 4.14
+clc;
+
+Rm=100; //Internal resistence of current meter
+//Given resistence values
+//Also from the figure R1 is in series to (R2||R3)
+//To determine % currnet through R3
+R1=1000;
+R2=1000;
+R3=1000;
+Rt=R1+R2*R3/(R2+R3); //Thevenins resistence across
+ //terminals of the meter
+Im=Rt*100/(Rt+Rm); //Percentage current through meter
+I=100-Im; //Percentage error due to loading
+disp(Im,'Percentage of expected current through meter')
+disp(I,'Percentage error due to loading') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a2e1db3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.15/ex4_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 4.15
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=1*10^-3; //Full scale deflection current
+Rm=200; //Meter resistence
+Erms=10; //RMS voltage
+Range=0.45*Erms; //RMS to DC value
+
+//Using Sensitivity
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sentitivity of meter
+Rs=S*Range-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier Resistence using Sensitivity')
+
+//Using KVl
+Rs=0.45*Erms/Ifsd-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier resistence ') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da1558df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.16/ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 4.16
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=100*10^-6; //Full scale deflection current
+Rm=500; //Meter resistence
+Erms=100; //RMS voltage
+Range=0.45*Erms; //RMS to DC value
+
+//Using Sensitivity
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sentitivity of meter
+Rs=S*Range-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier Resistence using Sensitivity')
+
+//Using KVl
+Rs=0.45*Erms/Ifsd-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier resistence ') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a08f215c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.17/ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 4.17
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=100*10^-6; //Full scale deflection current
+Rm=100; //Meter resistence
+Erms=50; //RMS voltage
+
+//Using Sensitivity
+Sdc=1/Ifsd; //DC Sentitivity of meter
+Sac=0.9*Sdc; //AC Sentitivity of meter
+Rs=Sac*Erms-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier Resistence') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a41064d70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.18/ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 4.18
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=1*10^-3; //Full scale deflection current
+Rm=250; //Meter resistence
+Erms=10; //RMS voltage
+
+//Using Sensitivity
+Sdc=1/Ifsd; //DC Sentitivity of meter
+Sac=0.9*Sdc; //AC Sentitivity of meter
+Rs=Sac*Erms-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Multiplier Resistence') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c800e5237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.19/ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Example 4.19
+close;
+clc;
+
+e=10; //in volts
+R1=10000; //In ohms
+R2=10000; //In ohms
+Ifsd=100*10^-6; //in amperes
+Range=10; //in volts
+Sdc=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+Rs=Sdc*Range; //Multiplier Resistence
+
+//Voltage across R2
+R=R2*Rs/(R2+Rs);
+ER2=e*R/(R1+R);
+printf('\nThe reading obtained by DC voltmeter = %.2f V\n',ER2)
+
+//Reading obtained using half wave rectifier
+Shw=0.45*Sdc;
+Rs=Shw*Range;
+R=R2*Rs/(R2+Rs);
+ER2hw=e*R/(R1+R);
+printf('\nReading obtained using half wave rectifier = %.2f V\n',ER2hw)
+
+//Reading obtained using full wave rectifier
+Sfw=0.90*Sdc;
+Rs=Sfw*Range;
+R=R2*Rs/(R2+Rs);
+ER2fw=e*R/(R1+R);
+printf('\nReading obtained using full wave rectifier = %.2f V\n',ER2fw) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.2.a/ex4_2_a.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.2.a/ex4_2_a.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2ee5d300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.2.a/ex4_2_a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Example 4.2(a)
+clc;
+V=10; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Im=50*10^-6; //Full Scale Deflection Current
+Rm=500; //Internal resistance of movement
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.2.b/ex4_2_b.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.2.b/ex4_2_b.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae0920c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.2.b/ex4_2_b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 4.2(b)
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=500*10^-6; //Full Scale Current
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+disp(S,'Sensitivity of 500 uA meter')
+
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rm=1000; //Internal resistance of movement
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..491cb0837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.20/ex4_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Example 4.20
+close;
+clc;
+
+V=3; //in volts
+Rm=100; //In ohms
+Rh=1000; //In ohms
+Ifsd=1*10^-3; //in amperes
+
+//Calculation of R1
+R1=Rh-Ifsd*Rm*Rh/V;
+
+//Calculation of R2
+R2=Ifsd*Rm*Rh/(V-Ifsd*Rh);
+
+//R2 compensation
+drop=3; //by percent
+V=V-drop*V/100;
+R2new=Ifsd*Rm*Rh/(V-Ifsd*Rh);
+
+printf('\nValue of R1 = %.2f ohm\n',R1)
+printf('\nValue of R2 = %.2f ohm\n',R2)
+printf('\nValue of R2 after compensation = %.2f ohm\n',R2new) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1a4025ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.21/ex4_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Example 4.21
+close;
+clc;
+
+V=3; //in volts
+Rm=100; //In ohms
+Rh=2000; //In ohms
+Ifsd=1*10^-3; //in amperes
+
+//Calculation of R1
+R1=Rh-Ifsd*Rm*Rh/V;
+
+//Calculation of R2
+R2=Ifsd*Rm*Rh/(V-Ifsd*Rh);
+
+//R2 compensation
+drop=5; //by percent
+V=V-drop*V/100;
+R2new=Ifsd*Rm*Rh/(V-Ifsd*Rh);
+
+printf('\nValue of R1 = %.2f ohm\n',R1)
+printf('\nValue of R2 = %.2f ohm\n',R2)
+printf('\nValue of R2 after compensation = %.2f ohm\n',R2new) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d3fe0805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.22/ex4_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//Example 4.22
+close;
+clc;
+
+E=3; //in volts
+Rm=100; //In ohms
+Im=1*10^-3; //in amperes
+//Rs value that will give FSD current
+Rs=E/Im-Rm;
+printf('\nValue of Rs that will limit Current to FSD = %.2f k ohm\n',Rs/1000)
+
+function [Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm)
+ Rx=(Rs+Rm)/x-(Rs+Rm);
+endfunction
+
+//For 20% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=20/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 20 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000)
+
+//For 40% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=40/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 40 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000)
+
+//For 50% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=50/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 50 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000)
+
+//For 75% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=75/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 75 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000)
+
+//For 90% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=90/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 90 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000)
+
+//For 100% deflection
+funcprot(0);
+x=100/100; //x=I/Im
+[Rx]=deflection(x,Rs,Rm);
+printf('\nValue of Rx that will 100 percent deflection = %.2f k ohm\n',Rx/1000) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9e02a357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.23/ex4_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 4.23
+close;
+clc;
+
+E=3; //in volts
+Im=1*10^-3; //in amperes
+//After aging battery sterngth
+E1=2.8; //in volts
+
+Rt=E/Im; //Initial internal resistence
+Rt1=E1/Im; //Internal resistence after battery aging
+e=(Rt-Rt1)*100/Rt; //% error in reading
+
+printf('\nTotal internal resistence of ohmmeter = %.2f k ohm\n',Rt/1000)
+printf('\nInternal resistence of ohmmeter after battery decay = %.2f k ohm\n',Rt1/1000)
+printf('\nPercentage error in reading = %.2f percent\n',e) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc3cc462b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.24/ex4_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 4.24
+close;
+clc;
+
+E=3; //in volts
+Rm=100; //In ohms
+Rh=2000; //In ohms
+Im=1*10^-3; //in amperes
+
+//Calculation of R2
+R2=Im*Rm*Rh/(E-Im*Rh);
+
+//Calculation of R1
+R1=Rh-Rm*R2/(R2+Rm);
+
+//Value of R2 when battery is 2.7 V
+E1=2.7; //in volts
+R2_1=Im*Rm*Rh/(E1-Im*Rh);
+
+//Value of R2 when battery is 3.1 V
+E2=3.1; //in volts
+R2_2=Im*Rm*Rh/(E2-Im*Rh);
+
+printf('\nValue of R2 = %.2f ohm\n',R2)
+printf('\nValue of R1 = %.2f ohm\n',R1)
+printf('\nValue of R2 when battery is 2.7 V = %.2f ohm\n',R2_1)
+printf('\nValue of R2 when battery is 3.1 V = %.2f ohm\n',R2_2) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..088204815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.25/ex4_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 4.25
+close;
+clc;
+
+V=3; //in volts
+Rm=50; //In ohms
+Rh=10; //in ohms
+Im=10*10^-3; //in amperes
+Ih=0.5*Im; //Half scale definition
+Vm=Ih*Rm; //Voltage across the movement
+//Voltage across unknown resitence =Voltage across meter movement
+Ix=Vm/Rh; //Current through unknown resistence
+Ish=Ix-Im/2; //Current through shunt
+Rsh=Vm/Ish; //Shunt resistence
+printf('\nValue of Shunt resistence Rs = %.2f ohm\n',Rsh)
+//Calculation of R1
+It=Ix+Im/2+Ish; //Total battery current
+V_drop=V-Vm; //Voltage drop across limiting resistor
+R1=V_drop/It;
+printf('Value of limiting resistence R1 = %.2f ohm\n',R1) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.26/ex4_26.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.26/ex4_26.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd7e878db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.26/ex4_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Example 4.26
+close;
+clc;
+
+E=3; //in volts
+Rm=2000; //Meter resitence
+Rz=28000; //Multiplier resistence
+
+//Given R x 1 range
+R=10; //in ohms
+Rx=20; //in ohms
+V=E*R/(R+Rx); //Voltage across parallel combination
+Im=V/(Rm+Rz); //Current through meter
+printf('\nCurrent through meter in R x 1 range for 20 ohm = %.2f uA\n',Im*10^6)
+
+//Ohmmeter is set at R x 10 range
+R=100 //in ohms
+Rx=200; //in ohms
+V=E*R/(R+Rx); //Voltage across parallel combination
+Im=V/(Rm+Rz); //Current through meter
+printf('\nCurrent through meter in R x 10 range for 200 ohm = %.2f uA\n',Im*10^6)
+
+//Ohmmeter is set at R x 100 range
+R=1000; //in ohms
+Rx=2000; //in ohms
+V=E*R/(R+Rx); //Voltage across parallel combination
+Im=V/(Rm+Rz); //Current through meter
+printf('\nCurrent through meter in R x 100 range for 2 k ohm = %.2f uA\n',Im*10^6) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..268419dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.3/ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 4.3
+clc;
+
+Im=50*10^-6; //Full Scale Deflection Current
+Rm=500; //Internal resistance of movement
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-20 V
+V=20; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence 0-20 V')
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-50 V
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 0-50 V')
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-100 V
+V=100; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 0-100 V') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..780100089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.4/ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 4.4
+clc;
+
+Im=10*10^-3; //Full Scale Deflection Current
+Rm=500; //Internal resistance of movement
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-20 V
+V=20; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence 0-20 V')
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-50 V
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 0-50 V')
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-100 V
+V=100; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Im-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 0-100 V') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e77522020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.5/ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Example 4.5
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=10*10^-3; //Full Scale Deflection Current
+Rm=100; //Internal resistance of movement
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-5 V
+V=5; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R3=Rs;
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-50 V
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-R3-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R2=Rs;
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-100 V
+V=100; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-R2-R3-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R1=Rs;
+disp(R3,R2,R1,'Value of Resistence R1, R2, R3 are:')
+disp('respectively') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5ae7a9c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.6/ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 4.5
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=2*10^-3; //Full Scale Deflection Current
+Rm=50; //Internal resistance of movement
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-10 V
+V=10; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R4=Rs;
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-50 V
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-R4-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R3=Rs;
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-100 V
+V=100; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-R3-R4-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R2=Rs;
+
+//Case IV: For Range 0-250 V
+V=250; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=V/Ifsd-R2-R3-R4-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+R1=Rs;
+disp(R4,R3,R2,R1,'Value of Resistence R1, R2, R3, R4 are:')
+disp('respectively') \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1043839a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.7/ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 4.7
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=200*10^-6; //Full Scale Current
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+disp(S,'Sensitivity of 200 uA meter')
+
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rm=100; //Internal resistance of movement
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence')
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1322017c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.8/ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Example 4.8
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=50*10^-6; //Full Scale Current
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+Rm=1000; //Internal resistance of movement
+disp(S,'Sensitivity of 50 uA meter')
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-5 V
+V=5; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 5 V range')
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-10 V
+V=10; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 10 V range')
+
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-50 V
+V=50; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 50 V range')
diff --git a/165/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce b/165/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ae0a9418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/165/CH4/EX4.9/ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Example 4.9
+clc;
+
+Ifsd=50*10^-6; //Full Scale Current
+S=1/Ifsd; //Sensitivity
+Rm=1000; //Internal resistance of movement
+disp(S,'Sensitivity of 50 uA meter')
+
+//Case I: For Range 0-3 V
+V=3; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 5 V range')
+
+//Case II: For Range 0-10 V
+V=10; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 10 V range')
+
+
+//Case III: For Range 0-30 V
+V=30; //Full range voltage of the instrument
+Rs=S*V-Rm; //Multiplier resistence
+disp(Rs,'Value of Multipliier Resistence for 50 V range')