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| author | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | priyanka | 2015-06-24 15:03:17 +0530 |
| commit | b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b (patch) | |
| tree | ab291cffc65280e58ac82470ba63fbcca7805165 /181 | |
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initial commit / add all books
Diffstat (limited to '181')
366 files changed, 5282 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b981dfc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Calculate wave vector carried by photon
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-1 in page 7
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+c=3*10^8; // Speed of light in m/s
+h=6.64*10^-34;// Planks constant in Js
+E_photon=2*1.6*10^-19; // Energy of photon in J
+
+//Calculations
+lambda=(c*h)/E_photon;
+k=(2*%pi/lambda);
+
+printf("The wavelenght of a 2.0eV photon = %0.3e m\n",lambda);
+printf("The magnitude of k vector = %0.2e m^-1",k);
+
+// Results
+// The wavelength of a 2.0 eV photon is 6225 Angstrom
+// The magnitude of k-vector is 1.01 * 10^7 m^-1
diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c214392ce --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +The wavelenght of a 2.0eV photon = 6.225e-007 m
+The magnitude of k vector = 1.01e+007 m^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..41cd6df4d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Position of Fermi energy at 0K
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-10 in page 34
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+h=1.5*10^-34; // Constant of calculation in Js
+m_c=0.067*0.91*10^-30; // Effective mass of conduction electron in Kg
+n_0=10^24; // Electron concentration at 0K /m^3
+
+// Calculation
+E_f= ((h^2*(3*%pi^2*n_0)^(2/3))/(2*m_c));
+A=E_f/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("Position of Fermi level at 0K is %0.4f eV",A);
+
+// Result
+// Fermi energy at 0K as measured from edge of conduction band is 0.11 eV
+// Fermi energy is placed 0.11 eV above the edge of conduction band
+// Fermi energy is within the conduction band
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3044d186a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.10/example1_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Position of Fermi level at 0K is 0.1104eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8d161129a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Time taken to reach Brillouin zone
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-11 in page 46
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation in Js
+Kb=1.112*10^8; // Wave vector at Brillouin xone along x-axis /cm
+E_0=10^4; // External electric field applied in V/cm
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+tou=(h*Kb)/(e*E_0);
+
+printf("Time taken by electron is %0.3e s",tou);
+
+// Result
+// Time taken by electron to reach Brillouin zone is 7.297 ps
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..11272c34f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.11/example1_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Time taken by electron is 7.298e-012 s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..70e134027 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Calculate drift velocity
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-12 in page 46
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+m_c=0.067*0.91*10^-30; // Effective electron mass in Kg
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+E_0=10^5; // External electric field in KV/m
+tou1=10^-13; // First Brillouin zone time in s
+tou2=10^-12; // Second Brillouin zone time in s
+tou3=10^-11; // Third Brillouin zone time in s
+
+// Calculation
+v_01=(e*tou1*E_0)/m_c;
+v_02=(e*tou2*E_0)/m_c;
+v_03=(e*tou3*E_0)/m_c;
+
+printf("(a)Drift velocity in first case is %0.2e m/s\n",v_01);
+printf("(b)Drift velocity in second case is %0.2e m/s\n",v_02);
+printf("(c)Drift velocity in third case is %0.2e m/s",v_03);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Drift velocity in first case is 2.62*10^4 cm/s
+// (b) Drift velocity in second case is 2.62*10^5 cm/s
+// (c) Drift velocity in third case is 2.62*10^6 cm/s
diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..81b2d071e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.12/example1_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Drift velocity in first case is 2.62e+004 m/s
+Drift velocity in second case is 2.62e+005 m/s
+Drift velocity in third case is 2.62e+006 m/s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d01bcf05 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Compute conductivity,drift velocity,current density
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-13 in page 47
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+mu=35.2*10^-4; // Mobility of electrons in m^2/Vs
+n_0=7.87*10^28; // Number of free electrons per cubic meter
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+E_0=30*10^2; // External electric field applied in V/m
+
+// Calculation
+sigma=n_0*e*mu;
+printf("(a)Mobility = %0.1e m^2/Vs\n",mu);
+printf("Conductivity of the specimen is %0.2e s/m\n\n",sigma);
+V_0=mu*E_0;
+J=sigma*E_0;
+printf("(b)Electric field Eo = %0.0e V/m\n",E_0);
+printf("Drift velocity of free electrons is %0.2f m/s\n",V_0);
+printf("Current density is %0.2e A/meter^3",J);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Conductivity of specimen is 4.43*10^7 s/m
+// (b) Drift velocity of free electrons is 10.56 m/s
+// (c) Current density is 13.3*10^10 A/meter cube
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a9d22013 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.13/example1_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +(a)Mobility = 3.5e-003 m^2/Vs
+Conductivity of the specimen is 4.43e+007 s/m
+
+(b)Electric field Eo = 3e+003 V/m
+Drift velocity of free electrons is 10.56 m/s
+Current density is 1.33e+011 A/meter^3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6df320d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Calculate drift velocity in copper conductor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-14 in page 47
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+A=10^-5; // Cross sectional area in m^2
+I=100; // Current flowing in A
+n_0=8.5*10^28; // Free electron concentration of copper per cubic meter
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+V_d=I/(n_0*A*e);
+
+printf("The drift velocity in copper is %0.3e m/s",V_d);
+
+// Result
+// Drift velocity in copper is 7.353*10^-4 m/s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71583899e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.14/example1_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + The drift velocity in copper is 7.353e-004 m/s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d6b41d58 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Calculate drift velocity in copper
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-16 in page 47
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+tou=10^-14; // Relaxation time in s
+m_c=0.02*9.1*10^-31; // Effective mass of electron in Kg
+E_0=0.1; // Electric field across conductor in V/m
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+V_0=(e*E_0*tou)/m_c;
+
+printf("The drift velocity of electrons in copper is %0.3f m/s",V_0);
+
+// Result
+// Drift velocity of electrons in copper is 0.009 m/s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..436ca2363 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.16/example1_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The drift velocity of electrons in copper is 0.009 m/s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0770d41ab --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Equilibrium hole concentration in Si
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-17 in page 48
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+n_0=10^17; // Free electron concentration /cm^3
+n_i=1.5*10^10; // Constant of calculation
+// Calculation
+p_0= n_i^2/n_0;
+
+printf("Equilibrium hole concentration is %0.2e cm^-3",p_0);
+
+// Result
+// Equilibrium hole concentration in Si sample is 2.25*10^3 cm^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8420df307 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.17/example1_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Equilibrium hole concentration is 2.25e+003 cm^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2991a80de --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Time taken to reach Brillouin zone
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-18 in page 48
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation in Js
+kB=1.112*10^8; // Brillouin zone edge along x-axis
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+E_0=10^4; // External electric field in V/m
+
+// Calculation
+tou=(h*kB)/(e*E_0);
+printf("Time taken to reach Brillouin zone is %0.3e s",tou);
+
+// Result
+// Time taken by GaAs electron to reach Brillouin zone is 7.298 ps
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..530478647 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.18/example1_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Time taken to reach Brillouin zone is 7.298e-012 s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f52f87f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Calculate semiconductor band gap
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-2 in page 7
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+lambda=0.5*10^-6; // Wavelength of emitted light in m
+c=3*10^8; // Speed of light in vacuum in m/s
+h=1.05*10^-34;// Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+E_g= (2*%pi*h*c)/lambda;
+A= E_g*10^19/1.6;
+
+printf("The material band gap has to be %0.3f eV",A);
+
+// Result
+//The material band gap is 2.474 eV
+// Semiconductors like C,BN,GaN,SiC meet this criterion
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1605bec8a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The material band gap has to be 2.474 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78bfc7583 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Electron,hole concentration at minimum conductivity
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-20 in page 49
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+mu_n=1350; // Mobility of electrons in cm^2/Vs
+mu_p=450; // Movility of holes in cm^2/Vs
+n_i=1.5*10^10; // Intrinsic carrier concentration /cm^3
+
+// Calculation\
+//Minimum conductivity of Si when slightly p-type has been proved in text
+//Thus the electron and hole concentrations are derived as below
+n_0=n_i*sqrt(mu_p/mu_n);
+p_0=n_i*sqrt(mu_n/mu_p);
+
+printf("(a)Electron concentration is %0.2e cm^-3\n",n_0);
+printf("(b)Hole concentration is %0.2e cm^-3",p_0);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Electron concentration is 8.66*10^9 cm^-3
+// (b) Hole concentration is 2.6*10^10 cm^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74f8b767a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.20/example1_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Electron concentration is 8.66e+009 cm^-3
+Hole concentration is 2.60e+010 cm^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..97df7a5c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Position of Fermi level at room temperature
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-22 in page 50
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+C_Ge=4.41*10^22; // Concentration of Ge atom /cm^3
+N_D=4.41*10^15; // Number of free donor atoms
+N_C=8.87*10^18; // Number of conduction electrons assuming full ionization
+K_BT=0.026; // Measured in eV at room temperature
+
+// Calculation
+E_F=K_BT*log(N_D/N_C);
+
+printf("Position of fermi level is %0.4f",E_F);
+
+// Result
+// Position of Fermi level from edge of conduction band is -0.1977
+// Thus E_F is below E_C
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..456580338 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.21/example1_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Position of fermi level is -0.1977
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d27ce99f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Mobility of free electrons in Alluminium
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-22 in page 50
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+n_0=18*10^28; // Derived from the given formula in textbook
+rho=3.44*10^-6; // Resistivity in ohm-cm
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+mu=10^2/(n_0*e*rho);
+
+printf("Mobility of free electrons is %0.0e m^2/V-s",mu);
+
+// Result
+// Mobility of free electrons in Alluminium is 10^-3 m^2/V-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e697a7c49 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.22/example1_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Mobility of free electrons is 1e-003 m^2/V-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2249d2dd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Percentage of increse in carrier concentration
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-23 in page 51
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+kT=0.026; // Value at T=300K
+T=300; // Room temperature in K
+dT=1/300; // Rate of change of temperature
+E_g=0.785; // Band gap energy in germanium in eV
+
+// Calculation
+dni=((1.5+(E_g/(2*kT)))*dT)*100;
+
+printf("Rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is %0.1f percent/degree",dni);
+
+// Result
+// Percentage rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is 5.5 %/degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f53772e1a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.23/example1_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is 5.5 percent/degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0114b1b80 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Previous problem calculated for intrinsic silicon
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-24 in page 51
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+kT=0.026; // Value at T=300K
+T=300; // Room temperature in K
+dT=1/300; // Rate of change of temperature
+E_g=1.21; // Band gap energy in silicon in eV
+
+// Calculation
+dni=((1.5+(E_g/(2*kT)))*dT)*100;
+
+printf("Rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is %0.1f percent/degree",dni);
+
+// Result
+// Percentage rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is 8.3 %/degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5644750d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.24/example1_24.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Rise in intrinsic carrier concentration is 8.3 percent/degree
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a4516914 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Find drift velocity,mobility,conductivity
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-25 in page 51
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+A=0.835*10^-6; // Cross section of wire in m^2
+J=2.4*10^6; // Current density in A/m^2
+n_0=8.4*10^27; // Concentration of electrons in copper in electrons/m^3
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+ohm=0.0214; // Resistance per meter
+E_0=2*ohm; // Electric field in V/m
+
+// Calculations
+v_0=(J)/(n_0*e);
+printf("(a)The drift velocity is %0.2e m/s\n",v_0);
+mu=v_0/E_0;
+printf("(b)The mobility of electrons is %0.2e m^2/V-s\n",mu);
+sigma=(n_0*10*e*mu);
+printf("(c)Therefore the conductivity is %0.2e /ohm-m",sigma);
+
+// Result
+// (a) The drift velocity is 1.78*10^-3 m/s
+// (b) Mobility in this case is 4.16*10^-2 m^2/V-s
+// (c) Conductivity is 5.61*10^8 1/ohm-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42b1559bf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.25/example1_25.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + The drift velocity is 1.79e-003 m/s
+The mobility of electrons is 4.17e-002 m^2/V-s
+Therefore the conductivity is 5.61e+008 /ohm-m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fd4dc6be --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Determine concentration of electrons and holes
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-26 in page 52
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+N_D=2*10^14; // Number of donor atoms in atoms/cm^2
+N_A=3*10^14; // Number of acceptor atoms in atoms/cm^2
+ni=2.5*10^19; // number of intrinsic atoms in atoms/cm^2
+
+// Calculation
+p_0=(0.5*10^14)+sqrt(0.25*10^28 + 6.25*10^26);
+n_0=-(0.5*10^14)+sqrt(0.25*10^28 + 6.25*10^26);
+printf("(a)Concentration of free electrons is %0.3e cm^-3\n",n_0);
+printf("(b)Concentration of holes is %0.3e cm^-3\n",p_0);
+printf("since p_0>n_0 the sample is p-type\n");
+printf("When N_A=N_D=10^15,\n n_0=p_0 from the neutrality equation\n");
+printf("Thus the germanium sample in this question is intrinsic by compensation");
+printf("When N_D=10^16,\n");
+p_0=(6.25*10^26)/10^16;
+printf("(c)p_0=%0.2e cm^-3\n",p_0);
+printf("Since n_0>p_0,germanium sample in this case is n-type");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Number of free electrons are 0.058*10^14 cm^-3
+// (b) Number of holes are 1.058*10^14 cm^-3
+// Semiconductor can be made intrinsic without doping or by equal doping
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a157b172 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.26/example1_26.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +(a)Concentration of free electrons is 5.902e+012 cm^-3
+(b)Concentration of holes is 1.059e+014 cm^-3
+since p_0>n_0 the sample is p-type
+When N_A=N_D=10^15,
+ n_0=p_0 from the neutrality equation
+Thus the germanium sample in this question is intrinsic by compensationWhen N_D=10^16,
+(c)p_0=6.25e+010 cm^-3
+Since n_0>p_0,germanium sample in this case is n-type
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d523d56d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Concentration of holes and electrons
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-27 in page 52
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+sigma=100; // Conductivity of p-type germanium
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in eV
+mu_p=1800; // Mobility of holes in cm^2/Vs
+ni=2.5*10^13; // Number of intrinsic atoms in germanium
+mu_n=1300; // Mobility of electrons in cm^2/Vs
+sigma1=0.1; // Conductivity in n-type silicon in /ohm-cm
+ni1=1.5*10^10; // Number of intrinsic atoms in silicon
+P_p=3.47*10^17; // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+printf("For Germanium:\n");
+p_0=sigma/(e*mu_p);
+n_0=(ni^2)/P_p;
+printf("(a)Concentration of holes is %0.2e cm^-3\n",p_0);
+printf("(b)Concentration of electrons is %0.2e m^-3\n",n_0);
+printf("For Silicon:\n");
+n_0=sigma1/(e*mu_n);
+p_0=(ni1^2)/(4.81*10^14);
+printf("(c)Concentration of electrons is %0.2e cm^-3\n",n_0);
+printf("(d)Concentration of holes is %0.2e m^-3",p_0);
+
+// Result
+// (a) For Ge,Hole conc. = 3.47*10^17 cm^-3, Electron conc. = 1.8*10^15 m^-3
+// (b) For Si,Hole conc. = 4.68*10^5 cm^-3, Electron conc. = 4.81*10^14 cm^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2994aa08 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.27/example1_27.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + For Germanium:
+(a)Concentration of holes is 3.47e+017 cm^-3
+(b)Concentration of electrons is 1.80e+009 m^-3
+For Silicon:
+(c)Concentration of electrons is 4.81e+014 cm^-3
+(d)Concentration of holes is 4.68e+005 m^-3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..82277dfc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// To prove,resistivity is 45 ohm-cm
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-28 in page 53
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+ni=2.5*10^13; // Intrinsic concentration /cm^3
+mu=5600; // Sum of mobilities of holes and electrons
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+sigma=e*ni*mu;
+printf("Conductivity of germanium is %0.3f (s/cm)^-1\n",sigma);
+rho=1/sigma;
+printf("Therefore resistivity is %0.1f ohm-cm",rho);
+
+// Result
+// Conductivity of germanium = 0.0232 (s/cm)^-1
+// Resistivity = 44.6 ohm-cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f186a1631 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.28/example1_28.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Conductivity of germanium is 0.022 (s/cm)^-1
+Therefore resistivity is 44.6 ohm-cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa9b969dd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Find conductivity of intrinsic germanium
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-29 in page 53
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+ni=2.5*10^13; // Intrinsic concentration /cm^3
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+mu_n=3800; // Mobility of electrons in cm^2/Vs
+mu_p=1800; // Mobility of holes in cm^2/Vs
+N_D=4.41*10^15; // Concentration of donor atoms in Ge /cm^3
+
+// Calculation
+sigma=(ni*e)*(mu_n+mu_p);
+printf("(a)Intrinsic conductivity=%0.4f s/cm\n",sigma);
+p_0=(ni^2)/N_D;
+printf("p_0=%0.2e /cm^3\n",p_0);
+sigma1=N_D*e*mu_n;
+printf("(b)Since n_0>p_0, Conductivity=%0.2f s/cm\n",sigma1);
+n_0=(ni^2)/N_D;
+printf("With given acceptor impurity,\nn_0=%0.2e /cm^3\n",n_0);
+sigma2=N_D*e*mu_p;
+printf("(c)Since p_0>n_0, Conductivity=%0.2f s/cm",sigma2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Conductivity in first case is 0.0224 s/cm
+// (b) Conductivity in second case is 2.68 s/cm
+// (c) Conductivity in third case is 1.27 s/cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..722bc6f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.29/example1_29.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + (a)Intrinsic conductivity=0.0224 s/cm
+p_0=1.42e+011 /cm^3
+(b)Since n_0>p_0, Conductivity=2.68 s/cm
+With given acceptor impurity,
+n_0=1.42e+011 /cm^3
+(c)Since p_0>n_0, Conductivity=1.27 s/cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e78296a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Calculate E-k relation of conduction electrons
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-3 in page 20
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+m_c=0.1*0.91*10^-30; // Effective mass of conduction electron in kg
+k=0.3*10^10; // Wave vector in /m
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation in Js
+
+// Calculation
+E= (h^2*k^2)/(2*m_c);
+A= E/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("Energy of conduction electrons = %0.1f eV",A);
+
+// Result
+//Energy of the conduction electrons in vertically upward direction is 3.4 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32ab47d57 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.3/example1_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Energy of conduction electrons = 3.4 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1f688cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Energies of electrons in conduction band
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-4 in page 21
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+k=0.01*10^10; // k-vector value /m
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation Js
+m_0=0.91*10^-30; // Mass of conduction electron Kg
+m_c1=0.067*m_0; // Effective mass of GaAs conduction electron Kg
+m_c2=0.01*m_0; // Effective mass if InAs conduction electron Kg
+
+// Calculation
+E_1=(h^2*(9*k^2))/(2*m_c1);
+A_1=(E_1)/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("(a)Energy of conduction electron in GaAs = %0.2e eV\n",A_1);
+
+E_2=(h^2*(9*k^2))/(2*m_c2);
+A_2=(E_2)/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("(b)Energy of conduction electron in InAs = %0.3e eV",A_2);
+
+// Results
+// (a) Energy of conduction electron in GaAs is 50.9 meV
+// (b) Energy of conduction electron in InAs is 340.7 meV
+
diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..68949e2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.4/example1_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Energy of conduction electron in GaAs = 5.09e-002 eV
+(b)Energy of conduction electron in InAs = 3.407e-001 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..625127dce --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Energies of electrons in conduction band
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-5 in page 21
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation Js
+k=0.1,0.1,0,0; // Values of k-vector
+m_c=0.067*0.091*10^-30; // Effective mass of conduction electron
+
+// Calculation
+E=(h^2*(((0.1*10^10)^2)+((0.1*10^10)^2)))/(2*m_c);
+A= E/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("Energy of conduction electron is %0.3f eV",A);
+
+// Result
+// Energy of conduction electron in the vertically upward direction = 11.302 eV
+// The non parabolic E-k dispersion relation is more appropriate here
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..761ecd752 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.5/example1_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Energy of conduction electron is 11.302 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56cf58d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Estimation of smallest k-vector along x-direction
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-6 in page 21
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+x=1; // x-coordiante
+y=1; // y-coordinate
+z=1; // z-coordinate
+E=0.3*1.6*10^-19; // Energy separation in eV
+m_c=0.067*0.91*10^-30; // Effective mass of conduction electron in kg
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation in Js
+
+// Calculation
+k_x=(2*m_c*E)/(3*h^2);
+A=sqrt(k_x);
+
+printf("K vector along (111) direction is %0.1e m^-1",A);
+
+// Result
+//Value of k-vector along (111) direction is 4.2*10^8 m^-1
+//Parabolic expression has been used to compute the k-vector
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d82ecc18e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.6/example1_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + K vector along (111) direction is 4.2e+008 m^-1
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6909f5b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Energies of electrons in conduction band
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-7 in page 22
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+k=0.01*10^10; // k-vector value /m
+h=1.05*10^-34; // Constant of calculation Js
+m_0=0.91*10^-30; // Mass of conduction electron Kg
+m_c1=0.067*m_0; // Effective mass of GaAs conduction electron Kg
+m_c2=0.01*m_0; // Effective mass if InAs conduction electron Kg
+
+// Calculation
+E_1=(h^2*(9*k^2))/(2*m_c1);
+A_1=(E_1)/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("(a)Energy of conduction electron in GaAs = %0.2e eV\n",A_1);
+
+E_2=(h^2*(9*k^2))/(2*m_c2);
+A_2=(E_2)/(1.6*10^-19);
+
+printf("(b)Energy of conduction electron in InAs = %0.3e eV",A_2);
+
+// Results
+// (a) Energy of conduction electron in GaAs is 50.9 meV
+// (b) Energy of conduction electron in InAs is 340.7 meV
diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e6e0ebe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.7/example1_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Energy of GaAs conduction electron = 5.086e-002 eV
+(b)Energy of InAs conduction electron = 3.407e-001 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..708aa4d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find position of Fermi level
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-8 in page 33
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+n_0=6*10^17; // Electron concentration in the conduction band /cm^3
+k_bT=0.026; // Expressed in eV at room temperature
+N_c=4.45*10^17; // Constant of Calculation /cm^3
+
+// Calculation
+E_f=k_bT*log(n_0/N_c);
+A=E_f*10^3;
+
+printf("Position of Fermi level is %0.2f meV",A);
+
+// Result
+// Position of Fermi level is 7.77 meV
+// Intrinsic carrier density is lesser than dopant density
+// Hence semiconductor is non-degenerate
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47841e1b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.8/example1_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Position of Fermi level is 7.77 meV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.sce b/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e4495cee --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find Fermi level at room temperature
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 1-9 in page 34
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Data given
+k=1; // Assumed constant
+m_e=2*k; // Effective mass of an electron in Kg
+m_h=k; // Effective mass of only heavy hole in Kg
+k_bT=0.026; // Expressed in eV at room temperature
+
+// Calculation
+E_f=(3/4)*0.026*log(m_e/m_h);
+printf("E_f = ((-E_g/2) - %0.3f) eV\n",E_f);
+printf("Thus Fermi level is below center of forbidden gap by 0.014 eV");
+
+// Result
+// Fermi level in the intrinsic semiconductor is ((-E_g/2) - 0.014) eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.txt b/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8987228f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH1/EX1.9/example1_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +E_f = ((-E_g/2) - 0.014) eV
+Thus Fermi level is below center of forbidden gap by 0.014 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aa8f81892 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Calculate height of potential-energy barrier
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-1 in page 77
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+rho1=1.5; // Resistivity of p-side of Ge diode in ohm-cm
+rho2=1; // Resistivity of n-side of Ge diode in ohm-cm
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+mu_p=1800; // Mobility of holes
+mu_n=3800; // Mobility of electrons
+
+// Calculation
+N_A=1/(rho1*e*mu_p);
+N_D=1/(rho2*e*mu_n);
+printf("(a) rho = 2 ohm-cm\n");
+printf("N_A=%0.2e /cm^3\n",N_A);
+printf("N_D=%0.2e /cm^3\n",N_D);
+printf("The height of the potential energy barrier is:\n");
+V_0=0.026*log((N_A*N_D)/(2.5*10^13)^2);
+printf("V_0=%0.3f eV\n\n",V_0);
+printf("(b)For silicon:\n");
+N_A1=1/(rho1*e*500);
+N_D1=1/(2*e*1300);
+printf("N_A=%0.2e /cm^3\n",N_A1);
+printf("N_D=%0.2e /cm^3\n",N_D1);
+V_01=0.026*log((N_A1*N_D1)/(1.5*10^10)^2);
+printf("The height of the potential energy barrier is:\n");
+printf("V_0=%0.3f eV",V_01);
+
+// Result
+// (a) For Ge, V_0 = 0.226 eV
+// (b) For Si, V_0 = 0.655 eV
diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f658283f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +(a) rho = 2 ohm-cm
+N_A=2.31e+015 /cm^3
+N_D=1.64e+015 /cm^3
+The height of the potential energy barrier is:
+V_0=0.227 eV
+
+(b)For silicon:
+N_A=8.33e+015 /cm^3
+N_D=2.40e+015 /cm^3
+The height of the potential energy barrier is:
+V_0=0.656 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..79265ea71 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Reverse saturation point of current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-10 in page 93
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+b=2.11; // Constant
+Lsigma=3*10^-4; // Constant
+Vt=0.026; // Threshold voltage in V
+A=1.5*10^-6; // Cross sectional area in mm^2
+sigmai=2.24; // Intrinsic conductivity /ohm-cm
+
+// Calculation
+I_0=((A*Vt*b*sigmai^2)/(1+b)^2)*((1/0.45)+(1/0.015));
+
+printf("Reverse saturation point of current is %0.2e A",I_0);
+
+// Result
+// Reverse saturation point of current is 2.94 mu-A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4efa6c473 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.10/example2_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Reverse saturation point of current is 2.94 mu-A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16a5211ff --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Find reverse saturation current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-12 in page 94
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+A=5*10^-2; // Cross sectional area in m^2
+b=2.6; // Constant of calculation
+Lsigma=10^-4; // Constant of calculation
+sigmai=4.32*10^-6; // Intrinsic conductivity in ohm/cm
+Vt=0.026; // Constant in eV
+
+// Calculation
+I_0=A*Vt*(b/(1+b)^2)*sigmai^2*(2*10^4);
+
+printf("The reverse saturation current = %0.2e A",I_0);
+
+// Result
+// The reverse saturation current = 97.25 pA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..63263a9d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.12/example2_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The reverse saturation current = 97.25 pA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ac3a6953 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Ratio of reverse saturation current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-13 in page 95
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+b1=2.6; // Constant of calculation
+b2=2.11;// Constant of calculation
+sigmai1=4.32*10^-6; // Intrinsic conductivity for Si /ohm-cm
+sigmai2=2.24*10^-2; // Intrinsic conductivity for Ge /ohm-cm
+
+// Calculation
+printf("For Si:\n");
+Y1=((b1*sigmai1^2)/(1+b1)^2)*(2*10^4);
+printf("Y_Si = %0.2e ohm-cm^2\n",Y1);
+printf("For Ge:\n");
+Y2=((b2*sigmai2^2)/(1+b2)^2)*(2*10^2);
+printf("Y_Ge = %0.2e ohm-cm^2\n",Y2);
+Y=Y2/Y1;
+printf("Therefore the ratio is %0.1e",Y);
+
+
+// Result
+// Y_Si = 7.49*10^-8 ohm-cm^2
+// Y_Ge = 2.189*10^-2 ohm-cm^2
+// Ratio = 0.29*10^6
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0e0d5bd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.13/example2_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +For Si:
+Y_Si = 7.49e-008 ohm-cm^2
+For Ge:
+Y_Ge = 2.19e-002 ohm-cm^2
+Therefore the ratio is 2.9e+005
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..589aff5e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Calculate the current flowing
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-14 in page 96
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I_0=9*10^-7; // Current flowing in A
+V=0.1; // Applied forward bias in V
+
+// Calculation
+I=I_0*(exp(40*V)-1);
+printf("Current flowing through diode = %0.2e A",I);
+
+// Result
+// Current flowing through the diode under forward bias = 48.15 mu-A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ad2af54e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.14/example2_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Current flowing through the diode under forward bias = 48.15 mu- A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09ca90141 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find voltage to be applied
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-15 in page 96
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+J_0=500*10^-3; // Saturation current density in mA/m^2
+J=10^5; // Forward current density in A/m^2
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+etaK=1.38*10^-23; // Constant of calculation
+T=350; // Temperature in K
+
+// Calculation
+A=2.303*log10(2*10^5);
+V=(A*etaK*T)/e;
+
+printf("Voltage to be applied = %0.4f V",V);
+
+// Result
+// The voltage to be applied = 0.3685 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d428dbe24 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.15/example2_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The voltage to be applied = 0.3685 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a32821fd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Find current when forward biased
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-16 in page 97
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+k_T=1.38*10^-23; // Constant of calculation
+T=293; // Temperature in K
+I_s=1.5*10^-13; // Saturation current in A
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+V=0.55; // Forward bias voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+printf("At T = 20 degrees:\n");
+V_T=(k_T*T)/e;
+I=I_s*(exp(V/0.02527)-1);
+printf("V_T = %0.4f V\n",V_T);
+printf("(a)I = %0.3e A\n",I);
+printf("At T = 100 degrees:\n");
+V_T=(k_T*373)/e;
+printf("V_T = %0.4f V\n",V_T);
+printf("I_s doubles 8 times ie I_s = 256.Therefore,\n");
+I=1.5*256*10^-13*(exp(0.55/0.032)-1);
+printf("(b)I = %0.3f A",I);
+
+// Result
+// (a) At T=20 degrees, I = 4.251*10^-4 A
+// (b) At T=100 degrees, I = 0.001 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cf04be90d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.16/example2_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + At T = 20 degrees:
+V_T = 0.0253 V
+(a)I = 4.251e-004 A
+At T = 100 degrees:
+V_T = 0.0322 V
+I_s doubles 8 times ie I_s = 256.Therefore,
+(b)I = 0.001 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f39e21b91 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Calculate current and voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-17 in page 97
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I1=2*10^-6; // Saturation current in A
+I2=4*10^-6; // Saturation current in A
+Vz=100; // Breakdown voltages are equal
+eta=2; // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+printf("At V=90V,none of the diodes will break down.I is determined by the diode with the smallest I_0\n");
+printf("Thus for D1,I = 1 mu-A and for D2,I = -1 mu-A\n");
+V2=eta*0.026*log(1-(I1/I2));
+printf("(a)V2 = %0.1e V\n",V2);
+printf("(b)V1 = -89.964 V");
+
+// Result
+// (a) V2 = -36 mV
+// (b) V1 = -89.964 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef4b44fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.17/example2_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + At V=90V,none of the diodes will break down.I is determined by the diode with the smallest I_0
+Thus for D1,I = 1 mu-A and for D2,I = -1 mu-A
+(a)V2 = -3.6e-002 V
+(b)V1 = -89.964 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90286d15f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Calculate forward currents for voltages
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-18 in page 98
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vt=0.026; // Thermal voltage at room temperature in eV
+V=[0.1 0.2 0.3]; // Given voltages in V
+
+// Calculation
+V1=0.026*-2.3;
+printf("(a)V=%0.2f V\n",V1);
+R=(exp(1.92)-1)/(exp(-1.92)-1);
+printf("(b)Ration of forward bias current to reverse bias current=%0.2f\n",R);
+printf("(c):\n")
+for i=1:3
+ I=15*(exp(V(i)/0.026)-1);
+ printf("I = %0.3e A\n",I);
+end
+
+// Result
+// (a) V = -0.060 V
+// (b) Ratio = -6.83
+// (c) Forward currents = 0.687 mA, 32.86 mA and 1.539 A respectively
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2837707f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.18/example2_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +(a)V=-0.06 V
+(b)Ration of forward bias current to reverse bias current=-6.82
+(c):
+I = 6.872e+002 A
+I = 3.286e+004 A
+I = 1.539e+006 A
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4cdc7063b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Factor to be multiplied with reverse saturation current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-19 in page 98
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+T1=25; // Initial temperature for Ge in degree celcius
+T2=70; // Final temperature for Ge in degree celcius
+T_2=150; // Final temperature for Si in degree celcius
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)Let the reverse saturation current for Ge at 25 degrees be Io(25)\n");
+A=2^((T2-T1)/10);
+printf("The factor to be multiplied when temperature is raised to 70 degrees is %0.0f\n",A);
+printf("Therefore, Io(70) = %0.0f*Io(25)\n\n",A);
+printf("(b)Let the reverse saturation current for Si at 25 degrees be Io(25)\n");
+A1=2^((T_2-T1)/10);
+printf("The factor to be multiplied when temperature is raised to 150 degrees is %0.0f\n",A1);
+printf("Therefore, Io(150) = %0.0f*Io(25)",A1);
+
+// Results
+// (a) Io(70) = 23*Io(25)
+// (b) Io(150) = 5793*Io(25)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2d28e356 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.19/example2_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +(a)Let the reverse saturation current for Ge at 25 degrees be Io(25)
+The factor to be multiplied when temperature is raised to 70 degrees is 23
+Therefore, Io(70) = 23*Io(25)
+
+(b)Let the reverse saturation current for Si at 25 degrees be Io(25)
+The factor to be multiplied when temperature is raised to 150 degrees is 5793
+Therefore, Io(150) = 5793*Io(25)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a78b309d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Width of depletion zone at 300K
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-2 in page 83
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+N_d=10^16; // Donor concentration /cm^3
+N_a=5*10^18; // Acceptor concentration /cm^3
+ni=1.5*10^10; // Intrinsic concentration /cm^3
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+epsln=11.8*8.85*10^-14; // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+V_0=0.0259*log((N_d*N_a)/(ni^2));
+printf("The height of the barrier energy is %0.2f V\n",V_0);
+
+W=sqrt(2*((epsln*V_0)/(e)*((1/N_a)+(1/N_d))));
+printf("Width of depletion zone is %0.3e cm",W);
+
+// Result
+// The height of the barrier energy is 0.86 V
+// Width of depletion zone in n-type Si is 3.354*10^-5 cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..38ec74ee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +The height of the barrier energy is 0.86 V
+Width of depletion zone is 3.345e-005 cm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a41da47f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Leakage resistance shunting the diode
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-20 in page 99
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// Kirchoff's law has been applied and equations solved to get final expression
+
+// Calculation
+I_R=(0.08*5*10^-6)/0.15;
+R=10/I_R;
+printf("Leakage resistance = %0.2e Mohm",R);
+
+// Result
+// Leakage resistance shunting the diode = 3.75 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..776b8af98 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.20/example2_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Leakage resistance shunting the diode = 3.75 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0396064d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Maximum reverse-bias voltage to be maintained
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-21 in page 99
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rt=0.15*10^-3; // Thermal resistance of mechanical contact between diode and surroundings in mW/degree celcius
+T1=25; // Ambient temperature in degree celcius
+T2=35; // Rise in ambient temperature in degree celcius
+I_25=5*10^-6; // Reverse saturation current at 25 degrees in mu-A
+
+// Calculation
+Po=Rt*(T2-T1);
+printf("P_out = %0.2e mW\n",Po);
+printf("We know that reverse saturation current doubles for every 10 degree rise in temperature\n");
+I_35=2*I_25;
+V=Po/I_35;
+printf("Thus the maximum reverse bias voltage to be maintained is %0.0f V",V);
+
+// Result
+// Maximum reverse bias voltage that can be maintained across diode is 150V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dc5a426f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.21/example2_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +P_out = 1.50e-003 mW
+We know that reverse saturation current doubles for every 10 degree rise in temperature
+Thus the maximum reverse bias voltage to be maintained is 150 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b4c8003e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Factor to be multiplied with current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-22 in page 100
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V_T=0.0364; // Thermal voltage in V
+// Simplified expression for I has been derived
+I_25=0.01; // Current at 25 degrees in mA
+I_150=2.42; // Current at 150 degrees in mA
+
+// Calculation
+printf("At 150 degrees:\n");
+I=5792*(exp(0.4/0.0728)-1);
+printf("I = %0.0f * Io(25)\n",I);
+printf("At 25 degrees:\n");
+I=exp(0.4/0.0514)-1;
+printf("I = %0.0f * Io(25)\n",I);
+R=I_150/I_25;
+printf("Factor to be multiplied with current = %0.0f",R);
+
+// Result
+// When temp is increased from 25-150 degrees,current has to be multiplied by 242
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d835d9096 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.22/example2_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + At 150 degrees:
+I = 1403698 * Io(25)
+At 25 degrees:
+I = 2396 * Io(25)
+Factor to be multiplied with current = 242
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..29048a0fa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Find the diffusion length
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-24 in page 101
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+C_D=1.5*10^-6; // Diffusion capacitance in F
+D_p=13; // Constant
+eta=2; // Constant
+V_t=0.026; // Voltage at room temperature in V
+I=1*10^-3; // Current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+L_p=sqrt((C_D*D_p*eta*V_t)/I);
+
+printf("Diffusion length = %0.3e m",L_p);
+
+// Result
+// Diffusion length = 31.84*10^-3 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..95740f3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.24/example2_24.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Diffusion length = 31.84*10^-3 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ad8a0de9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Find static resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-25 in page 103
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I_0=20*10^-6; // Current in micro A
+V_F=0.2; // Forward voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+I=I_0*(exp(40*V_F)-1);
+r_dc=(0.0343/(80*10^-6))*exp(0.2/0.0343);
+
+printf("Forward current through the diode = %0.3e A\n",I);
+printf("Static resistance = %0.3e ohm",r_dc);
+
+// Result
+// Forward current = 59.599 mA
+// Static resistance = 0.146 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eeb71f831 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.25/example2_25.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Forward current through the diode = 5.960e-002 A
+Static resistance = 1.461e+005 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9f451b42 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Dynamic resistance in forward,reverse direction
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-26 in page 103
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+T=398; // Temperature in K
+I_0=80*10^-6; // Current in micro A
+eta=1; // Constant
+V_F=[-0.2 0.2]; // Forward voltages in Volts
+V_T=0.0343; // Thermal voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+alp=[1 2];
+for i=1:2
+ R_ac=(V_T/I_0)*exp(V_F(i)/V_T);
+ printf("(%0.0f)Dynamic resistance = %0.3e ohm\n",alp(i),R_ac);
+end
+
+// Result
+// (a) Dynamic resistance in forward direction = 1.258 ohm
+// (b) Dynamic resistance in reverse direction = 0.146 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24d9e7543 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.26/example2_26.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(1)Dynamic resistance = 1.259e+000 ohm
+(2)Dynamic resistance = 1.461e+005 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2a7a3557a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Dynamic resistance at forward bias
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-27 in page 103
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+k_BT=25.86*10^-3; // Constant
+I_0=1.5*10^-6; // Current in microA
+V=0.15; // Forward bias voltage in volts
+V_T=0.02586; // Thermal voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+R_ac=k_BT/(I_0*exp(V/V_T));
+
+printf("Dynamic resistance = %0.2f W",R_ac);
+
+// Result
+// Dynamic resistance at forward bias = 52.17 W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd5afbde8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.27/example2_27.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Dynamic resistance at forward bias = 52.17 W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc4724f58 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Maximum forward current,forward resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-28 in page 104
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+P_max=2.5; // Maximum power in watt
+V_f=0.9; // Forward voltage in V
+I_max=2.2; // Maximum current in A
+
+// Calculation
+I_fmax=P_max/V_f;
+R_f=P_max/(I_max)^2;
+
+printf("(a)Maximum forward current = %0.2f A\n",I_fmax);
+printf("(b)Forward diode resistance = %0.3f ohm",R_f);
+
+// Result
+// Forward current = 2.78 A
+// Diode forward resistance = 0.517 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3e47a8b93 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.28/example2_28.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Maximum forward current = 2.78 A
+(b)Forward diode resistance = 0.517 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d419ff2e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Height of potential energy barrier
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-29 in page 104
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+rho1=2; // Resistivity of p-side in ohm-cm
+rho2=1; // Resistivity of n-side in ohm-cm
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+
+// Calculation
+N_A1=1/(rho1*e*1800);
+N_D1=1/(rho2*e*3800);
+N_A2=1/(rho1*e*500);
+N_D2=1/(rho2*e*1300);
+V_01=0.026*log((N_A1*N_D1)/(2.5*10^13)^2);
+V_02=0.026*log((N_A2*N_D2)/(1.5*10^10)^2);
+printf("(a)For Ge:\n");
+printf("N_A = %0.2e /cm^3\nN_D = %0.2e /cm^3\n",N_A1,N_D1);
+printf("Therefore barrier potential energy for Ge = %0.2f eV\n\n",V_01);
+printf("(b)For Si:\n");
+printf("N_A = %0.2e /cm^3\nN_D = %0.2e /cm^3\n",N_A2,N_D2);
+printf("Therefore barrier potential energy for Si = %0.3f eV",V_02);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Height of barrier potential energy for Ge = 0.22 eV
+// (b) Height of barrier potential energy for Si = 0.667 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94341c18a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.29/example2_29.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +(a)For Ge:
+N_A = 1.74e+015 /cm^3
+N_D = 1.64e+015 /cm^3
+Therefore barrier potential energy for Ge = 0.22 eV
+
+(b)For Si:
+N_A = 6.25e+015 /cm^3
+N_D = 4.81e+015 /cm^3
+Therefore barrier potential energy for Si = 0.666 eV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f19dc7127 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Find thermal and barrier volatge
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-3 in page 84
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+T=303; // Temperature in K
+ni=1.5*10^16; // Intrinsic concentration /cm^3
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+k_BT=1.38*10^-23; // Measured in eV at 303K
+N_A=10^22; // Acceptor concentration /cm^3
+N_D=1.2*10^21; // Donor concentration /cm^3
+
+// Calculation
+V_T=(k_BT*T)/e;
+printf("Thermal voltage = %0.2e V\n",V_T);
+ni1=ni^2;
+printf("ni^2 = %0.3e\n",ni1);
+V_0=V_T*log((N_A*N_D)/(ni1));
+printf("Barrier voltage = %0.3f V",V_0);
+
+// Result
+// Thermal voltage = 26.1 mV
+// Barrier voltage = 0.635 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0f9f4707e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Thermal voltage = 2.61e-002 V
+ni^2 = 2.250e+032
+Barrier voltage = 0.645 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..507b5003d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Dynamic resistance in forward,reverse direction
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-30 in page 105
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V_T=0.0343; // Thermal voltage at 398K in V
+eta=1; // Constant for Ge
+
+// Calculation
+// Final expression for r derived after differentiating w.r.t V
+r1=((35*10^-6)/(34.3*10^-3))*exp(5.83);
+A1=1/r1;
+r2=3.185*10^-6
+A2=1/r2;
+
+printf("(a)Dynamic resistance in forward direction = %0.3f ohm\n",A1);
+printf("(b)Dynamic resistance in reverse direction = %0.3e ohm",A2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Resistance in forward direction = 2.879 ohm
+// (b) Resistance in reverse direction = 0.314 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6ec956eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.30/example2_30.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a) Resistance in forward direction = 2.879 ohm
+(b) Resistance in reverse direction = 0.314 Mohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21909f6bb --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Maximum and minimum Zener currents
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-31 in page 110
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V_z=10; // Zener voltage in V
+R_s=1*10^3; // Shunt resistance in K-ohm
+R_l=10*10^3; // Load resistance in K-ohm
+Vi_max=40; // Maximum input voltage in V
+Vi_min=25; // Minimum input voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+I_zmax=((Vi_max-V_z)/1000)-(5*10^-3);
+I_zmin=((Vi_min-V_z)/R_s)-(5*10^-3);
+
+printf("Maximum value of zener current = %0.2e A\n",I_zmax);
+printf("Minimum value of zener current = %0.2e A",I_zmin);
+
+// Result
+// Maximum zener current = 25 mA
+// Minimum zener current = 10 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9612d7cb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.31/example2_31.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Maximum value of zener current = 2.50e-002 A
+Minimum value of zener current = 1.00e-002 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0e37bcca --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find the range for R
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-32 in page 110
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+P=250; // Maximum power dissipation in mW
+V=15; // Supply voltage in V
+
+// Caluclation
+I=(250*10^-3)/5;
+printf("Maximum permissible current = %0.3e A\n",I);
+printf("10 percent of 50mA = 5mA\n");
+I1=I-(5*10^-3);
+printf("Maximum current through diode to maintain constant voltage = %0.1e A",I1);
+
+// Result
+// Maximum current to maintain constant voltage = 45mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec626f99c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.32/example2_32.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Maximum permissible current = 5.000e-002 A
+10 percent of 50mA = 5mA
+Maximum current through diode to maintain constant voltage = 4.5e-002 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8641b61aa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find breakdown voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-33 in page 111
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+E=1.5*10^5; // Electric field in V/cm
+epsln=11.9*8.854*10^-16; // Constant
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in eV
+N_d=2*10^15; // Doping concentration /cm^3
+
+// Calculation
+W=(E*epsln)/(e*N_d);
+V_b=(W*E)/2;
+
+printf("Width of depletion region = %0.3e m\n",W);
+printf("Therefore,breakdown voltage Vbr = %0.4f V",V_b);
+
+// Result
+// Breakdown voltage = 0.3704 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d8ac74b7e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.33/example2_33.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Width of depletion region = 4.939e-006 m
+Therefore,breakdown voltage Vbr = 0.3704 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..323e5d1df --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Calculate V_z
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-35 in page 112
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// (a) Proof of V_z=51/sigma has been given
+sigmai=1/45; // Intrinsic conductivity in 1/ohm-cm
+sigmap=1/3.9; // Conductivity of p material in1/ohm-cm
+I_0=6*10^-6; // Current in microA
+
+// Calculation
+Vz1=51/sigmai;
+Vz2=51/sigmap;
+I=I_0*(exp(100/26)-1);
+printf("(a)Proof of V_z=51/sigmap has been given\n");
+printf("(b)When material is intrinsic, Vz = %0.3f V\n",Vz1);
+printf("(c)When resistivity drops, Vz = %0.1f V\n",Vz2);
+printf("(d)I = %0.3e A",I);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vz = 51/sigmap is proved
+// (b) Vz1 = 2300V
+// (c) Vz2 = 198.9V
+// (d) I = 0.274 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d1f833000 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.35/example2_35.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Proof of V_z = 51/sigmap has been given
+(b)When material is intrinsic, Vz = 2295.000 V
+(c)When resistivity drops, Vz = 198.9 V
+(d)I = 2.749e-004 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..66d5b5a37 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find the ideality factor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-37 in page 112
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I1=0.5*10^-3; // Diode current in mA at 340mV
+I2=15*10^-3; // Diode current in mA at 465mV
+kb_T=5*10^-3; // Constant in mV
+
+// Calculation
+// After simplifying the current equation we get an expression for eta
+eta=5/(2.303*log10(30));
+
+printf("Ideality factor = %0.2f",eta);
+
+// Result
+// Ideality factor = 1.47
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c046e5c49 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.37/example2_37.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Ideality factor = 1.47
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4be752217 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Temperature coefficient of Avalanche diode
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-38 in page 113
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V=12; // Voltage of avalanche diode in V
+T=1.7*10^-3; // Temperature coeff of Si diode
+
+// Calculation
+A=(T/V)*100;
+printf("Temperature coeff in percentage = %0.4f percent/degree-C",A);
+
+// Result
+// Temperature coeff in percentage = 0.0142 %/degree-C
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78097694f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.38/example2_38.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Temperature coeff in percentage = 0.0142 %/degree-C
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b624319b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Limits for varying V
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-39 in page 113
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I_d=5*10^-3; // Diode current in mA
+R=2.5*10^3; // Resistance in K-ohm
+I_T=40*10^-3; // Diode current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+I_max=I_T-I_d;
+printf("(a)I_max = %0.2e A\n",I_max);
+printf("(b)Minimum I_d for good regulation is 5 mA,hence I_T=30 mA\n");
+V_max1=(30*3.5)+60;
+printf("V_max = %0.0f V\n",V_max1);
+printf("Maximum I_d for good regulation is 40 mA,hence I_T=65 mA\n");
+V_max2=(65*3.5)+60;
+printf("V_max = %0.1f V",V_max2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) I_max = 35 mA
+// (b) V_max1 = 165 V
+// (c) V_max2 = 287.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c4c1dc4e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.39/example2_39.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +(a)I_max = 3.50e-002 A
+(b)Minimum I_d for good regulation is 5 mA,hence I_T=30 mA
+V_max = 165 V
+Maximum I_d for good regulation is 40 mA,hence I_T=65 mA
+V_max = 287.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3f9df43ba --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Barrier potential for silicon junction
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-4 in page 84
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+t=[70 0]; // Declaring the variables
+t1=25; // Given temperature in K
+
+// Calculation
+alp=[1 2];
+for i=1:2
+delta_V=-0.002*(t(i)-t1);
+Vb=0.7+delta_V;
+printf("(%0.0f)delta_V at %d degrees = %0.2f V\n",alp(i),t(i),delta_V);
+printf("Thus the barrier potential at %d degress = %0.2f V\n",t(i),Vb);
+end
+
+// Result
+// (a) Barrier potential at 70 degrees is 0.61 V
+// (b) Barrier potential at 0 degrees is 0.75 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c0a721ae --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + (1)delta_V at 70 degrees = -0.09 V
+Thus the barrier potential at 70 degress = 0.61 V
+(2)delta_V at 0 degrees = 0.05 V
+Thus the barrier potential at 0 degress = 0.75 V
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..badaddb89 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Find depletion layer capacitance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-5 in page 86
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+epsln=12/(36*%pi*10^11); // Constant for Si in F/cm
+A=8.11058*10^-1; // Cross sectional area in m^2
+mu_p=500; // Mobility of holes
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+V_j=4.9; // Junction potential in V
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)We have C_t/A = sqrt((e*epsnl)/2)*sqrt(Na/Vj)\n");
+K=sqrt((e*epsln)/2);
+printf("sqrt((e*epsln)/2) = %0.2e\n",K);
+printf("Hence C_t = %0.2e * sqrt(Na/Vj) F/cm^2\n",K);
+K1=K*10^12;
+printf("Or C_t = %0.2e * sqrt(Na/Vj) pF/cm^2\n",K1);
+N_A=1/(3*mu_p*e);
+C_T=(2.9*10^-4)*sqrt(N_A/V_j)*(8.14*10^-3);
+printf("(b)The depletion layer capacitance = %0.2f pF",C_T);
+
+// Result
+// (a) The expression for depletion layer capacitance is proved
+// (b) The depletion layer capacitance in silicon is 68.84 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e0feb3a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +(a)We have C_t/A = sqrt((e*epsnl)/2)*sqrt(Na/Vj)
+sqrt((e*epsln)/2) = 2.91e-016
+Hence C_t = 2.91e-016 * sqrt(Na/Vj) F/cm^2
+Or C_t = 2.91e-004 * sqrt(Na/Vj) pF/cm^2
+(b)The depletion layer capacitance = 68.84 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9bec91b26 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Compute decrease in capacitance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-6 in page 87
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V=6.5; // Incresed bias voltage in V
+lambda=(20*sqrt(5)); // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+C_T=lambda/sqrt(V);
+
+printf("Transition capacitance of abrupt junction at 6.5 V = %0.2f pF\n",C_T);
+printf("This corresponds to a decrese of 2.46 pF");
+
+// Result
+// Transition capacitance = 17.54 pF
+// This corresponds to a decrese of 2.46 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05d78eae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Transition capacitance of abrupt junction at 6.5 V = 17.54 pF
+This corresponds to a decrese of 2.46 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f9b82a4f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Calculate barrier capacitance of Ge
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-7 in page 87
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+epsln=1.41*10^-12; // Dielectric constant
+A=0.0225; // Junction area in cm^2
+W=2*10^-4; // Space-charge thickness in cm
+
+// Calculation
+C_T=epsln*(A/W);
+
+printf("Barrier capacitance = %0.2e F",C_T);
+
+// Result
+// Barrier capacitance = 159.3 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af698f523 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.7/example2_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Barrier capacitance = 159.3 pF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.sce b/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76d577975 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Calculate width of depletion layer
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 2-8 in page 87
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V=[10.2 0.3 0.1]; // Applied voltages in V
+epsln=16; // Constant of calculation
+A=1*10^-6; // Cross sectional area in m^2
+
+// Calculation
+alp=[1 2 3];
+for i=1:3
+ W=sqrt((V(i)*10^-10)/14.3);
+ printf("(%0.0f)Width of depletion layer for %0.2f V = %0.2e mu-m\n\n",alp(i),V(i),W);
+end
+W=[8.5 1.45];
+alp1=[1 2];
+for j=1:2
+ C_T=(epsln*10^-9)/(36*%pi*W(j));
+ printf("(%0.0f)Space charge capacitance for %0.2f mu-m = %0.2e F\n\n",alp(j),W(j),C_T);
+end
+
+// Result
+// Widths of depletion layer are:
+// (a) 8.5 mu-m
+// (b) 1.45 mu-m
+// (c) 0.84 mu-m respectively
+// Space charge capacitances are:
+// (a) 16.65 pF
+// (b) 97.6 pF respectively
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.txt b/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ff3755ba --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH2/EX2.8/example2_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +(1)Width of depletion layer for 10.20 V = 8.45e-006 mu-m
+
+(2)Width of depletion layer for 0.30 V = 1.45e-006 mu-m
+
+(3)Width of depletion layer for 0.10 V = 8.36e-007 mu-m
+
+(1)Space charge capacitance for 8.50 mu-m = 1.66e-011 F
+
+(2)Space charge capacitance for 1.45 mu-m = 9.76e-011 F
+
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d0e83a5b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Find current if diode is forwar-biased
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-1 in page 143
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I=29.8*10^-3; // Current in mA
+V=0.208; // Voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+I=(45-V)/(1.5*10^3);
+printf("I = %0.2e A\n",I);
+printf("For this current,V = 0.2 V\n");
+printf("(a)Therefore I = 29.8 mA\n");
+printf("(b)If battery is inserted with reverse polarity,voltage drop across the 1.5 K resistors is only 15 mV and may be neglected\n");
+printf("(c)In forward direction, I=29.8 mA\n");
+printf("In reverse direction we draw a load line from V=-30 V to I=-30 mA\n");
+y=[-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0];
+x=[-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0];
+x=-30-y;
+plot(x,y);
+xlabel('Voltage');
+ylabel('Current');
+title('Current in forward direction');
+I=-30*(20/30);
+printf("Then,I = %0.0f mA\n",I);
+printf("Current=20 mA as there is a 10 V drop");
+
+// Result
+// Graph shows current in reverse direction
+// I' = -20 mA
+// Set axis positions to 'origin' in axis properties to view the graph correctly
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..200d3ec19 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +I = 2.99e-002 A
+For this current,V = 0.2 V
+(a)Therefore I = 29.8 mA
+(b)If battery is inserted with reverse polarity,voltage drop across the 1.5 K resistors is only 15 mV and may be neglected
+(c)In forward direction, I=29.8 mA
+In reverse direction we draw a load line from V=-30 V to I=-30 mA
+Then,I = -20 mA
+Current=20 mA as there is a 10 V drop
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2d5c89cc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Full scale reading of dc metere
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-10 in page 158
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+R=5020; // Total resistance in ohm
+Vrms=5.58; // Input rms voltage in V
+// Calculation
+I_dc=(2*sqrt(2)*Vrms)/(%pi*5020);
+V_0=R*I_dc;
+printf("Full scale reading = %0.2f V",V_0);
+
+// Result
+// Full scale reading = 5.58 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01f34a1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Full scale reading = 5.02 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8b649cbac --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Find dc output,Peak inverse voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-11 in page 159
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vi=220; // AC input voltage in V
+N=10; // Turn ratio of transformer
+
+// Calculation
+V2=Vi/N;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+V_dc=0.318*Vm;
+PIV=Vm;
+
+printf("(a)DC output voltage = %0.2f V\n",V_dc);
+printf("(b)PIV = %0.2f V",Vm);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Dc output voltage = 9.89V
+// (b) PIV = 31.11 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b81ffb99e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a) Dc output voltage = 9.89V
+(b) PIV = 31.11 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b194072d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Determine maximum and average values of power
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-12 in page 159
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V1=230; // Input voltage in V
+N=1/3; // Turn ratio
+Rl=200; // Load resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+V2=V1*N;
+Vm=sqrt(2)*V2;
+Im=Vm/Rl;
+P=Im^2*Rl;
+Vdc=0.318*Vm;
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+Pdc=Idc^2*Rl;
+printf("Maximum load power = %0.2f W\n",P);
+printf("Average load power = %0.2f W",Pdc);
+
+// Result
+// Maximum power = 58.78 W
+// Average power = 5.94 W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69433b0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Maximum load power = 58.78 W
+Average load power = 5.94 W
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed1d5e8c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find maximum value of ac voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-13 in page 160
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vdc=30; // DC voltage in V
+Rf=25; // Internal resistance in ohms
+Rl=500; // Load resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+Im=%pi*Idc;
+Vi=Im^2*(Rf+Rl);
+printf("Voltage required at the input = %0.2f V",Vi);
+
+// Result
+// Voltage required at the input is = 18.65 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..338360ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Voltage required at the input is = 18.65 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..61e20b65f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate ac voltage,rectification efficiency
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-14 in page 160
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vdc=100; // DC voltage in V
+Rl=500; // Load resistance in ohms
+Rf=20; // Internal resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+Im=Idc*%pi;
+Vm=Im*(Rl+Rf);
+eta=(0.406/(1+(Rf/Rl)))*100;
+
+printf("(a)AC voltage required = %0.2f V\n",Vm);
+printf("(b)Rectification efficiency = %0.0f percent",eta);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vm = 326.73V
+// (b) Rectification efficiency = 39 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a90241f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)AC voltage required = 326.73 V
+(b)Rectification efficiency = 39 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44644e7db --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Find current,dc voltage,voltage across load
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-15 in page 150
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vm=50; // Maximum voltage in V
+f=50; // Frequency in Hz
+Rf=20; // Internal resistance in ohms
+Rl=5000; // Load resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Im=Vm/(Rl+Rf);
+printf("Since diode conducts only during pisitive half of the input,Im = %0.0e A\n",Im);
+printf("(a)Hence i = 10*sin100*pi*t\n");
+Vdc=(Im/%pi)*Rl;
+printf("(b)V_dc = %0.1f V\n",Vdc);
+printf("Hence V_0v=15.9sin100*pi*t\n");
+printf("(c)When diode is reverse biased,voltage across diode = %0.1f*sin100*pi*t for 0<100*pi*t<pi and 0 for pi,100*pi*t<2*pi",Vdc);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Current in the circuit = 10sin100*pi*t
+// (b) DC output voltage across load = 15.9sin100*pi*t
+// (c) Voltage across diode = 15.9sin100*pi*t for 0<100*pi*t and 0 for pi<100*pi*t<2*pi
diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2177ba27d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Since diode conducts only during pisitive half of the input,Im = 1e-002 A
+(a)Hence i = 10*sin100*pi*t
+(b)V_dc = 15.9 V
+Hence V_0v=15.9sin100*pi*t
+(c)When diode is reverse biased,voltage across diode = 15.9*sin100*pi*t for 0<100*pi*t<pi and 0 for pi,100*pi*t<2*pi
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7c52f81f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Estimate value of capacitance needed
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-16 in page 161
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vrms=230; // RMS voltage in V
+f=50; // Frequency in Hz
+gamma_hwr=0.003; // Ripple factor assumed
+I=0.5; // Load current in A
+
+// Calculation
+Vm=sqrt(2)*Vrms;
+Vdc=(Vm/%pi);
+Rl=Vdc/I;
+C=1/(2*sqrt(3)*f*gamma_hwr*Rl);
+printf("Capacitance needed = %0.2e F",C);
+
+// Result
+// Capacitance needed = 9.29 mF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..982a06311 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Capacitance needed = 9.29 mF
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ead13b9bf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Calculate the ripple factor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-17 in page 161
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rl=3.15*10^3; // Load resistance in K-ohms
+Rf=20; // Internal resistance in ohms
+Vm=230; // Maximum voltage in volts
+f=50; // Frequency in Hertz
+
+// Calculation
+Irms=0.707*(Vm/(Rl+Rf));
+Idc=0.637*(Vm/(Rl+Rf));
+gamma_fwr=sqrt((Irms/Idc)^2-(1));
+
+printf("Ripple factor = %0.2f",gamma_fwr);
+
+// Result
+// Ripple factor = 0.48
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..01926e815 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.17/example3_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Ripple factor = 0.48
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..37f571e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Find DC output voltage,pulse frequency
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-18 in page 162
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=230; // Peak voltage in V
+f=50; // Frequency in Hz
+Rl=200; // Load resistance in ohms
+N=1/4; // Turn ratio
+
+// Calculation
+Vs=Vp*N;
+Vm=Vs*sqrt(2);
+Idc=(2*Vm)/(%pi*Rl);
+Vdc=Idc*Rl;
+fout=2*f;
+printf("(a)DC output voltage = %0.2f V\n",Vdc);
+printf("(b)Pulse frequency of output = %0.0f Hz",fout);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vdc = 51.77 V
+// (b) F_out = 100 HZ
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12d7c7123 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.18/example3_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)DC output voltage = 51.77 V
+(b)Pulse frequency of output = 100 Hz
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..80937aaa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Find maximum dc voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-19 in page 162
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=220; // Peak voltage in V
+f=50; // Frequency in Hz
+Rl=1.5*10^3; // Load resistance in ohms
+N=0.1; // Turn ratio
+
+// Calculation
+Vs=Vp*N;
+Vrms=Vs*sqrt(2);
+Vm=Vrms/2;
+Idc=(2*Vm)/(%pi*Rl);
+Vdc=Idc*Rl;
+printf("Maximum dc output voltage = %0.2f V",Vdc);
+
+// Result
+// Dc output voltage = 9.9 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a31e3a5d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.19/example3_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Dc output voltage = 9.9 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4dd3d48fb --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +// Find the diode currents
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-2 in page 144
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+R=10*10^3; // Resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a) R = 10K.Assume both diodes are conducting.We have:\n");
+printf("100 = 10.02*I1 + 10*I2 + 0.2\n 100 = 10.01*I2 + 10*I1 + 0.6\n");
+function y=f(i);
+ y(1)=10.02*i(1)+10*i(2)+0.2-100
+ y(2)=10.015*i(2)+10*i(1)+0.6-100
+endfunction
+ans=fsolve([0.1;0.1],f);
+I1=ans([1]);
+I2=ans([2]);
+printf("I1 = %0.3f A,I2 = %0.3f A\n",I1,I2);
+printf("Solving,we find I2<0.Thus D is not ON\n");
+I1=(100-0.2)/10.02;
+printf("I1 = %0.2e A and I2 = 0\n\n",I1);
+printf("(b) R=1K.Assume both diodes are ON,we have:\n");
+printf("100 = 1.52*I1 + 1.5*I2 + 0.2\n 100 = 1.515*I2 + 1.5*I1 + 0.6\n");
+function y1=g(j);
+ y1(1)=1.52*j(1)+1.5*j(2)+0.2-100
+ y1(2)=1.515*j(2)+1.5*j(1)+0.6-100
+endfunction
+ans1=fsolve([0.1;0.1],g);
+I1=ans1([1]);
+I2=ans1([2]);
+printf("Solving,we find\nI1 = %0.3f A and I2 = %0.3f A.Hence assumption is valid",I1,I2);
+
+// Result
+// Since both currents are positive,assumption is valid for I1 = 39.717 mA and I2 = 26.287 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b561d3b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +(a) R = 10K.Assume both diodes are conducting.We have:
+100 = 10.02*I1 + 10*I2 + 0.2
+ 100 = 10.01*I2 + 10*I1 + 0.6
+I1 = 15.692 A,I2 = -5.744 A
+Solving,we find I2<0.Thus D is not ON
+I1 = 9.96e+000 A and I2 = 0
+
+(b) R=1K.Assume both diodes are ON,we have:
+100 = 1.52*I1 + 1.5*I2 + 0.2
+ 100 = 1.515*I2 + 1.5*I1 + 0.6
+Solving,we find
+I1 = 39.716 A and I2 = 26.288 A.Hence assumption is valid
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<head> <style type="text/css"> <!-- body { font-size: 11 pt; color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica } --> </style> </head> <body> Calculate the dc load current </body> </html> "><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="40.0" width="260.0" x="210.0" y="220.0"/></TextBlock></root></mxGraphModel><mxCell as="defaultParent" id="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-8000" parent="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7fff"/></XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1abc395ff --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate input voltage,value of filter
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-20 in page 163
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vdc=30; // DC voltage in volts
+Rl=1000; // Load resistance in ohms
+gamma_fwr=0.015; // Ripple factor
+
+// Calculation
+Idc=Vdc/Rl;
+C=2900/(gamma_fwr*Rl);
+Vm=Vdc+((5000*Idc)/C);
+Vi=(2*Vm)/sqrt(2);
+printf("Value of capacitor filter = %0.0f mu-F",C);
+printf("Input voltage required = %0.2f V\n",Vi);
+
+
+// Result
+// V_in = 43.52 V
+// C = 193 mu-F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ff4749bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.20/example3_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Value of capacitor filter = 193 mu-F
+Input voltage required = 43.52 V
diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09878ade5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate inductance for L-section filter
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-21 in page 163
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+C=40*10^-6; // Capacitance in micro-F
+r=0.0001; // Ripple factor
+Vm=40; // Maximum voltage in V
+Idc=0.1; // DC current in A
+R=40; // Circuit resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+L=(1.76/C)*sqrt(0.472/r);
+Vdc=((2*sqrt(2)*Vm)/%pi)-(Idc*R);
+
+printf("(a)Inductance L = %0.2e H\n",L);
+printf("(b)Output voltage = %0.0f V",Vdc);
+
+// Result
+// (a) L = 3.02*10^6 H
+// (b) V_dc = 32 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ed2082e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.21/example3_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Inductance L = 3.02e+006 H
+(b)Output voltage = 32 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bcc2f165b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// DC output voltage and ripple voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-22 in page 164
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+C=4; // Capacitances in micro-F
+L=20; // Inductance choke in H
+Il=50*10^-6; // Load current in micro-A
+R=200; // Resistance of choke in ohm
+
+// Calculation
+Vdc=(300*sqrt(2))-((4170/C)*0.05)-(0.05*R);
+r=(3300*0.05)/(4*4*20*353);
+Vrms=r*Vdc;
+
+printf("(a)Output voltage = %0.2f V\n",Vdc);
+printf("(b)Ripple voltage = %0.3f V",Vrms);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Output voltage = 362.13 V
+// (b) Ripple voltage = 0.529 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c91c55ab6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.22/example3_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Output voltage = 362.14 V
+(b)Ripple voltage = 0.529 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4353e297a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Sketch steady state output
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-23 in page 168
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rf=0; // Forward resistance of diode
+Rr=2*10^6; // Reverse resistance of diode
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Diode conducts when Vi<2.5 V\n");
+printf("Diode is open when Vi>2.5 V and Vo = 2.5+((Vi-2.5)/3)\n");
+printf("Diode conducts when Vi>2.5 V");
+
+// Result
+// Diagram shows the output of the clipping circuit to a sinusoidal input
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb4dfde61 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.23/example3_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Diode conducts when Vi<2.5 V
+Diode is open when Vi>2.5 V and Vo = 2.5+((Vi-2.5)/3)
+Diode conducts when Vi>2.5 V
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0fde79333 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Sketch output voltage Vo
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-24 in page 169
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// Data is provided in the diagrams
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)When Vi<50 V, Second diode conducts\n");
+Vo=100-((2/3)*27);
+printf("Vo = %0.0f V\n",Vo);
+printf("When 50<Vi<100 both diodes conduct and Vo=Vi.When Vi>100, only the first diode conducts.Hence Vo = 100 V\n");
+printf("(b)When Vi<25 V,neither diodes conduct and Vo = 25 V.When Vi>25,upper diode conducts\n");
+Vi=((100-25)*(3/2))+25;
+printf("When Vo reaches 100 V, Vi rises to %0.1f V",Vi);
+
+// Result
+// The output voltage is shown in the xcos diagrams
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4189bbe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.24/example3_24.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +(a)When Vi<50 V, Second diode conducts
+Vo = 82 V
+When 50<Vi<100 both diodes conduct and Vo=Vi.When Vi>100, only the first diode conducts.Hence Vo = 100 V
+(b)When Vi<25 V,neither diodes conduct and Vo = 25 V.When Vi>25,upper diode conducts
+When Vo reaches 100 V, Vi rises to 137.5 V
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11 pt; font-family: Arial,Helvetica; color: black } --> </style> </head> <body> 25 V </body> </html> "><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="40.0" width="40.0" x="720.0" y="330.0"/></TextBlock></root></mxGraphModel><mxCell as="defaultParent" id="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7eaf" parent="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7eae"/></XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ab38c79a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Devise a circuit
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-25 in page 169
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// The xcos diagram shows the devised circuit
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.xcos b/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7270b27ba --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.25/example3_25.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" title="example3_25"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.3 - 20110720 1111--><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7d8f"/><mxCell id="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7d90" parent="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7d8f"/><BasicBlock dependsOnU="1" id="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7d87" interfaceFunctionName="Resistor" ordering="1" parent="-6581ef8e:1326815ff14:-7d90" simulationFunctionName="resistor" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="Resistor"><ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="0.01"/></ScilabString><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" realPart="0.01"/></ScilabDouble><ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78b6a80f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find currents and voltages
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-27 in page 179
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+//Diode acts as short circuited.Both diodes are forward biased
+V1=0; // Voltage at junction 1 in V
+V2=0; // Voltage at junction 2 in V
+
+//Calculation
+I1=(20-V1)/(20*10^3);
+I2=(V2-(-10))/(20*10^3);
+
+printf("I1 = %0.0e A\n",I1);
+printf("I2 = %0.1e A",I2);
+
+// Result
+// I1 = 1 mA
+// I2 = 0.5 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a443ccb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.27/example3_27.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + I1 = 1e-003 A
+I2 = 5.0e-004 A
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9822297f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Find voltage across diode
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-28 in page 180
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I=0.1075; // Cirremt across diode in A
+Rd=1; // Internal resistance of diode in ohm
+
+// Calculation
+Vd=I*Rd;
+printf("Voltage across diode = %0.4f V",Vd);
+
+// Result
+// Voltage across diode = 0.1075 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ccb054e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.28/example3_28.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Voltage across diode = 0.1075V
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53eaccfaa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Calculate break region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-3 in page 145
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+R=10^4; // Factor multiplied with dynamic resistance of diode
+Vt=26; // Thermal voltage in volts
+eta1=2; // Constant at room temperature for Si
+eta2=1; // Constant at room temperature for Ge
+
+// Calculation
+printf("r1/r2 = 10^4\n");
+V1=eta1*Vt*4*2.3;
+V2=eta2*Vt*4*2.3;
+printf("Break region for silicon = %0.0f mV\n",V1);
+printf("Break region for Germanium = %0.0f mV",V2);
+
+// Result
+// Break region for silicon = 478 mV
+// Break region for Germanium = 239 mV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fdf413f6d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +r1/r2 = 10^4
+Break region for silicon = 478 mV
+Break region for Germanium = 239 mV
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ded5b33b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Calculate R,I_l(max)
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-30 in page 181
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+V_0=50; // Zener diode voltage in V
+I_L=0; // Load current in A
+
+// Calculation
+R=(150)/(40*10^-3);
+printf("(a)R = %0.2e ohm\n",R);
+printf("I_L = I_max when Id = Id_min = 10mA\n");
+I_Lmax=40-10;
+printf("(b)Maximum load current = %0.0f mA",I_Lmax);
+
+// Result
+// (a) R = 3.75 K-ohms
+// (b) I_Lmax = 30 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd204da19 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)R = 3.75e+003 ohm
+I_L = I_max when Id = Id_min = 10mA
+(b)Maximum load current = 30 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.xcos b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35e8c57ab --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.30/example3_30.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" title="example3_30"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.2 - 20110511 1831--><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-3721ad33:1314dc6b131:-7f5c"/><mxCell id="-3721ad33:1314dc6b131:-7f5d" parent="-3721ad33:1314dc6b131:-7f5c"/><BasicBlock angle="270" dependsOnU="1" id="-3721ad33:1314dc6b131:-7f41" interfaceFunctionName="Resistor" ordering="1" parent="-3721ad33:1314dc6b131:-7f5d" simulationFunctionName="resistor" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="Resistor;rotation=270;flip=false;mirror=false"><ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="0.01"/></ScilabString><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e51bff29 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Calculate the peak load current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-4 in page 153
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rf=30; // Internal resistance in ohms
+Rl=990; // Load resistance in ohms
+Vm=110; // Rms supply voltage in in V
+
+// Calculation
+Im=(Vm/2)/(Rf+Rl);
+I_dc=Im/%pi;
+I_rms=Im/2;
+V_dc=(Im*Rl)/%pi;
+Pi=I_rms^2*(Rf+Rl);
+R=(((Vm/%pi)-(I_dc*Rl))/(I_dc*Rl))*100;
+
+printf("(a)Im = %0.2e A\n",Im);
+printf("(b)I_dc = %0.2e A\n",I_dc);
+printf("(c)I_rms = %0.2e A\n",I_rms);
+printf("(d)V_dc = %0.3e V\n",V_dc);
+printf("(e)Input power = %0.2f W\n",Pi);
+printf("(f)Percentage regulation = %0.3f percent",R);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Im=53.9mA
+// (b) Idc=17.2mA
+// (c) Irms=27mA
+// (d) Vdc=16.99V
+// (e) Pi=0.74W
+// (f) Percentage regulation=106%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b2a2280e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + (a)Im = 5.39e-002 A
+(b)I_dc = 1.72e-002 A
+(c)I_rms = 2.70e-002 A
+(d)V_dc = 1.699e+001 V
+(e)Input power = 0.74 W
+(f)Percentage regulation = 106.061 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.sce b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..62f835c36 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Calculate the dc load current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 3-8 in page 157
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vm=280; // Supply voltage in V
+Rl=2000; // Load resistance in ohms
+Rf=500; // Internal resistance of the diodes in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Idc=(2*Vm)/(%pi*2500);
+Idc_t=Idc/2;
+printf("(a)I_dc = %0.2e A\n(b)I_dc(tube) = %0.2e A\n",Idc,Idc_t);
+printf("(c)Voltage across conducting diode is sinusoidal with a peak value 0.2 Vm\n");
+V_rms=0.905*(280*sqrt(2));
+Pdc=Idc^2*Rl;
+R=(Rf/Rl)*100;
+printf("Rms voltage V_rms = %0.0f V\n",V_rms);
+printf("(d)DC output power = %0.1f W\n",Pdc);
+printf("(e)Percentage regulation = %0.0f percent",R);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Idc = 71 mA,
+// (b) Idc_tube = 35.7 mA,
+// (c) V_rms = 358 V,
+// (d) P_dc = 10.167W,
+// (e) Percentage regulation = 25%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.txt b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..574147691 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + (a)I_dc = 7.13e-002 A
+(b)I_dc(tube) = 3.57e-002 A
+(c)Voltage across conducting diode is sinusoidal with a peak value 0.2 Vm
+(d)Rms voltage V_rms = 358 V
+(e)DC output power = 10.2 W
+(f)Percentage regulation = 25 percent
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.xcos b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4cafdf262 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH3/EX3.8/example3_8.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1" title="example3_8"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.2 - 20110511 1831--><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7f7d"/><mxCell id="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7f7e" parent="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7f7d"/><BasicBlock dependsOnU="1" id="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7f4f" interfaceFunctionName="Diode" ordering="1" parent="-2d85d470:1314777ee15:-7f7e" simulationFunctionName="Diode" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="Diode;flip=false;mirror=false"><ScilabString as="exprs" height="4" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="0.000001"/><data column="0" line="1" value="0.04"/><data column="0" line="2" value="15"/><data column="0" line="3" value="500"/></ScilabString><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a4cecd41 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Calculate Base and Collector Currents
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-1 in page 208
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+alpha=0.90; // Current Gain in CB mode
+Ico=15*10^-6; // Reverse saturation Current in micro-A
+Ie=4*10^-3; // Emitter Current in mA
+
+// Calculations
+Ic=Ico+(alpha*Ie);
+Ib=Ie-Ic;
+
+printf("(a)The value of the Base Current is %0.2e A \n",Ib);
+printf("(b)The value of the Collector Current is %0.3e A \n",Ic);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of the Base Current is 385 mu-A
+// (b) The value of the Collector Current is 3.615 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd18b6083 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)The value of the Base Current is 3.85e-004 A
+(b)The value of the Collector Current is 3.615e-003 A
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..232f3b593 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Measurement of Circuit Voltage changes
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-10 in page 211
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Vb=-5; // Base Voltage of BJT in V
+Rc=1*10^3; // Collector Resistance in K-ohms
+Ie=2*10^-3; // Emitter Current of BJT in mA
+delB=+0.4; // Change in Base Voltage
+
+// Calculations
+delE=+0.4;
+delC=0;
+
+printf("(a)Change in Emitter voltage is +%0.2f V\n",delE);
+printf("(b)Change in Collector Voltage is %0.2f V\n",delC);
+
+// Results
+// (a) Change in Emitter Voltage in the Circuit = +0.4 V
+// (b) Change in Collector Voltage in the Circuit = 0.0 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e1984927 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.10/example4_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)Change in Emitter voltage is +0.40 V
+(b)Change in Collector Voltage is 0.00 V
+
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef0d0d76d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Determine mode of operation of BJT
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-11 in page 212
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter Voltage in V
+beta_bjt=100; // beta gain of BJ
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Assume active mode for circuit 1\n");
+Vb1=2;
+Ve_1=Vb1-Vbe;
+Ie1=1*10^-3;
+Ic1=Ie1*(beta_bjt/(1+beta_bjt));
+Ve1=6-(3*0.99);
+printf("(a)Ve = %0.2f V\n(b)Ic = %0.2e A\n(c)Ve = %0.2f V\n",Ve_1,Ic1,Ve1);
+printf("Thus the circuit operates in an active mode\n\n");
+
+printf("For circuit 2,assume active mode\n");
+Vcc=1;
+Ve2=Vcc+Vbe;
+Ie2=(6-Ve2)/(10*10^3);
+Vc=0+(10*0.43);
+printf("(a)Ve = %0.1f V\n(b)Ie = %0.2e A\n(c)Vc = %0.2f V\n",Ve2,Ie2,Vc);
+printf("This circuit operates in a saturated mode\n\n");
+
+printf("For circuit 3,assume active mode\n");
+Ve3=-5+Vbe;
+Ie3=(9.5-Ve3)/(200*10^3);
+Ic=Ie3*(beta_bjt/(1+beta_bjt));
+Vc3=-50+(0.492*20);
+printf("(a)Ve = %0.1f V\n(b)Ie = %0.4e A\n(c)Ic = %0.3e A\n(d)Vc = %0.1f V\n",Ve3,Ie3,Ic,Vc3);
+printf("The circuit operates in an active mode\n\n");
+
+printf("For circuit 4,assume active mode\n");
+Ve4=-20.7;
+Ie4=(30+Ve4)/(5*10^3);
+Vc4=(-Ie4*(beta_bjt/(1+beta_bjt))*(2*10^3))-10;
+printf("(a)Ie = %0.2e A\n(b)Vc = %0.2f V\n",Ie4,Vc4);
+printf("The circuit operates in an active mode");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Circuit 1 operates in active mode
+// (b) Circuit 2 operates in saturation mode
+// (c) Circuit 3 operates in active mode
+// (d) Circuit 4 operates in active mode
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6eb276770 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.11/example4_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + Assume active mode for circuit 1
+(a)Ve = 1.30 V
+(b)Ic = 9.90e-004 A
+(c)Ve = 3.03 V
+Thus the circuit operates in an active mode
+
+For circuit 2,assume active mode
+(a)Ve = 1.7 V
+(b)Ie = 4.30e-004 A
+(c)Vc = 4.30 V
+This circuit operates in a saturated mode
+
+For circuit 3,assume active mode
+(a)Ve = -4.3 V
+(b)Ie = 6.9000e-005 A
+(c)Ic = 6.832e-005 A
+(d)Vc = -40.2 V
+The circuit operates in an active mode
+
+For circuit 4,assume active mode
+(a)Ie = 1.86e-003 A
+(b)Vc = -13.68 V
+The circuit operates in an active mode
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac296160a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate alpha using beta
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-2 in page 209
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+beta_bjt=90; // beta gain for the BJT
+Ic=4*10^-3; // Collector Current in mA
+
+// Calculations
+alpha=beta_bjt/(1+beta_bjt);
+Ib=Ic/beta_bjt;
+Ie=Ic+Ib;
+
+printf("(a)The Current gain alpha for BJT is %0.3f \n",alpha);
+printf("(b)The value of the base Current is %0.2e A \n",Ib);
+printf("(c)The value of the Emitter Current is %0.2e A \n",Ie);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The Current Gain alpha for BJT is 0.989
+// (b) The value of the Base Current is 44.44 mu-A
+// (c) The value of the Emitter Current is 4.04 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2940e6c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)The Current gain alpha for BJT is 0.989
+(b)The value of the base Current is 4.44e-005 A
+(c)The value of the Emitter Current is 4.04e-003 A
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b17525591 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Collector Current in C-E mode
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-3 in page 209
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+alpha=0.90; // Current Gain of BJT
+Ico=15*10^-6; // Reverse Saturation Current of BJT in micro-A
+Ib=0.5*10^-3; // Base Current in C-E mode in mA
+
+// Calculations
+beta_bjt=alpha/(1-alpha);
+Ic=(beta_bjt*Ib)+(beta_bjt+1)*Ico;
+
+printf("(a)The value of Current gain beta for BJT is %0.0f \n",beta_bjt);
+printf("(b)The value of the Collector Current is %0.2e A \n",Ic);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of Current Gain beta for BJT is 9
+// (b) The value of the Collector Current is 4.65 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..007ab9ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)The value of Current gain beta for BJT is 9
+(b)The value of the Collector Current is 4.65e-003 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb6e627b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Calculate beta for the BJT
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-4 in page 209
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Ib=20*10^-6; // Base current in micro-A
+Ic=5*10^-3; // Collector Current in mA
+
+// Calculations
+beta_bjt=Ic/Ib;
+
+printf("The Current gain beta for the Device is %0.0f \n",beta_bjt);
+
+// Results
+// The Current Gain beta for the Device is 250
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c3c09c46d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The Current Gain beta for the Device is 250
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9fd52c0a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// To Compute alpha, beta and Emitter Current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-5 in page 209
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Ib=50*10^-6; // Base Current in mu-A
+Ic=5*10^-3; // Collector Current in mA
+
+// Calculations
+Ie=Ic+Ib;
+beta_bjt=Ic/Ib;
+alpha=Ic/Ie;
+
+printf("(a)The value of the Emitter Current is %0.2e A \n",Ie);
+printf("(b)The value of beta gain of the BJT is %0.0f \n",beta_bjt);
+printf("(c)The value of alpha gain of the BJT is %0.3f \n",alpha);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of the Emitter Current is 5.05 mA
+// (b) The value of the beta gain of the BJT is 100
+// (c) The value of the alpha gain of the BJT is 0.990
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08c61d8cf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)The value of the Emitter Current is 5.05e-003 A
+(b)The value of beta gain of the BJT is 100
+(c)The value of alpha gain of the BJT is 0.990
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c38335698 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Calculate alpha reverse and beta reverse
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-6 in page 210
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Ie=10*10^-3; // Emitter Current in mA
+Ib=5*10^-3; // Base Current in mu-A
+
+// Calculations
+Ic=Ie-Ib;
+beta_reverse=Ib/Ic;
+alpha_reverse=Ie/Ic;
+
+printf("The value of inverse beta of the BJT is %0.0f \n",beta_reverse);
+printf("The value of inverse alpha of the BJT is %0.0f \n",alpha_reverse);
+
+// Results
+// The value of inverse beta of the BJT is 1
+// The value of inverse alpha of the BJT is 2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2de706e5f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +The value of inverse beta of the BJT is 1
+The value of inverse alpha of the BJT is 2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d85859712 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +// Calculate Labeled Currents and Voltages
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-7 in page 210
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+beta_bjt=100; // beta gain of BJT
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter voltage of BJT in V
+
+//Calculation
+Vcc1=10;
+Vee1=-10;
+Ve1=-0.7;
+R1=10*10^3;
+Ie1=(Vcc1-Vbe)/R1;
+Ib1=Ie1/(beta_bjt+1);
+Vc1=Vcc1-R1*(Ie1-Ib1);
+Vcc2=10;
+Vee2=-15;
+Ve2=-0.7;
+R2=5*10^3;
+Ie2=(Vcc2-Vbe)/R2;
+Ic2=(beta_bjt/(beta_bjt+1))*Ie2;
+Vc2=Vee2+R2*(Ie2);
+printf("Circuit 1:\n(a)Emitter Current=%0.2e A\n(b)Base Current=%0.2e A\n(c)Collector Voltage=%0.3f V\n\n",Ie1,Ib1,Vc1);
+printf("Circuit 2:\n(a)Emitter Current=%0.2e A\n(b)Collector Current=%0.3e A\n(c)Collector Voltage=%0.3f V\n",Ie2,Ic2,Vc2);
+
+// Results
+// (a) Circuit 1 : Emitter Current = 0.93 mA
+// (b) Circuit 1 : Base Current = 9.2 mu-A
+//(c) Circuit 1 : Collector Voltage = 0.792 V
+
+//(a) Circuit 2 : Emitter Current = 1.86 mA
+//(b) Circuit 2 : Collector Current = 1.842 mA
+//(c) Circuit 2 : Collector Voltage : -5.7 V
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e1cdafcb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + Circuit 1:
+(a)Emitter Current=9.30e-004 A
+(b)Base Current=9.21e-006 A
+(c)Collector Voltage=0.792 V
+
+Circuit 2:
+(a)Emitter Current=1.86e-003 A
+(b)Collector Current=1.842e-003 A
+(c)Collector Voltage=-5.700 V
+
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Voltages </body> </html> "><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="40.0" width="350.0" x="630.0" y="500.0"/></TextBlock></root></mxGraphModel><mxCell as="defaultParent" id="-5fe95730:131621e6d01:-8000" parent="-5fe95730:131621e6d01:-7fff"/></XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32c2ee292 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Calculate labeled Voltages
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-8 in page 211
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter voltage of BJT in V
+Vcc2=10; // DC voltage across Collector in V
+Vee2=-15; // DC voltage across Emitter in V
+Rc2=5*10^3; // Collector Resistance in K-ohms
+// Beta Current Gain of BJT is Infinity
+
+// Calculations
+Vb1=0;
+Ve1=-0.7;
+Ve2=0.7;
+Vc2=Vee2+Rc2*((Vcc2-Vbe)/Rc2);
+
+printf("Circuit 1:\n(a)Base Voltage = %0.1f V\n(b)Emitter Voltage = %0.1f V\n",Vb1,Ve1);
+printf("Circuit 2:\n(a)Emitter Voltage = %0.1f V\n(b)Collector Voltage = %0.1f V\n",Ve2,Vc2);
+
+//Results
+// Circuit 1 : Base Voltage = 0 V
+// Circuit 1 : Emitter Voltage = -0.7 V
+// Circuit 2 : Emitter Voltage = 0.7 V
+// Circuit 2 : Collector Voltage = -5.7 V
diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dfc78accd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.8/example4_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + Circuit 1:
+(a)Base Voltage = 0.0 V
+(b)Emitter Voltage = -0.7 V
+Circuit 2:
+(a)Emitter Voltage = 0.7 V
+(b)Collector Voltage = -5.7 V
+
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.sce b/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32d2b36ea --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Calculating BJT parameters assuming Vbe
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 4-9 in page 211
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Ve=1; // Emitter Voltage of BJT in V
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter Voltage of BJT in V
+Rb=20*10^3; // Base Resistance of Circuit in K-ohms
+Rc=5*10^3; // Collector Resistance of Circuit in K-ohms
+Re=5*10^3; // Emitter Resistance of Circuit in K-ohms
+Vcc=5; // DC voltage across Collector in V
+Vee=-5; // DC voltage across Emitter in V
+
+// Calculations
+Vb=Ve-Vbe;
+Ib=Vb/Rb;
+Ie=(Vcc-1)/Re;
+Ic=Ie-Ib;
+Vc=(Rc*Ic)-Vcc;
+beta_bjt=Ic/Ib;
+alpha=Ic/Ie;
+
+printf("Circuit Parameters:\n(a)Base Voltage = %0.3f V\n(b)Base Current = %0.3e A\n(c)Emitter Current = %0.3e A\n(d)Collector Current = %0.3e A\n(e)Collector Voltage = %0.3f V\n(f)beta gain = %0.3f\n(g)alpha gain = %0.3f\n",Vb,Ib,Ie,Ic,Vc,beta_bjt,alpha);
+
+// Results
+// For the BJT Circuit,
+// (a) Base Voltage = 0.3 V
+// (b) Base Current = 0.015 mA
+// (c) Emitter Current = 0.8 mA
+// (d) Collector Current = 0.785 mA
+// (e) Collector Voltage = -1.075 volt
+// (f) Beta gain = 52.3
+// (g) Alpha gain = 0.98
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.txt b/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3389fe652 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH4/EX4.9/example4_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Circuit Parameters:
+(a)Base Voltage = 0.300 V
+(b)Base Current = 1.500e-005 A
+(c)Emitter Current = 8.000e-004 A
+(d)Collector Current = 7.850e-004 A
+(e)Collector Voltage = -1.075 V
+(f)beta gain = 52.333
+(g)alpha gain = 0.981
+
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce b/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c6d5c3914 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +// Calculate BJT parameters using beta gain
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 5-1 in page 235
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Part 1
+// Given Data
+beta_bjt=100; // Beta Gain of BJT
+Vcc=10; // DC voltage across Collector in V
+Rb=100000; // Base Resistance of BJT in ohm
+Rc=2000; // Collector Resistance of BJT in ohm
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter voltage of BJT
+
+// Calculations
+Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/((beta_bjt*Rc)+Rc+Rb);
+Ic=beta_bjt*Ib;
+
+Vce=Vcc-(Ib+Ic)*Rc;
+
+printf("Part 1 \n");
+printf("(a)The value of Base Current in the BJT circuit is %0.3e A \n",Ib);
+printf("(b)The value of Collector Current in the BJT circuit is %0.3e A \n",Ic);
+printf("(c)The value of Collector-Emitter voltage in the circuit is %0.3f V \n",Vce);
+
+// Part 2
+// Given Data
+Vce2=7; // Collector-Emitter voltage of BJT
+Vcc=10; // DC voltage across Collector in V
+Rc=2000; // Collector Resistance of BJT in ohm
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter voltage of BJT
+Rc2=2000; // Collector Resistance of BJT in ohm
+
+// Calculations
+constant=(Vcc-Vce2)/Rc;
+Ib2=constant/101;
+Ic2=100*Ib2;
+Rb2=(Vcc-Vbe-(Rc2*constant))/Ib2;
+
+printf("\nPart 2 \n");
+printf("(a)The value of the Base Resistance of the Circuit is %0.3e ohm \n ",Rb2);
+
+// Results
+// Circuit 1: Value of Base Current of circuit = 0.031 mA
+// Circuit 1: Value of Collector Current of circuit = 3.1 mA
+// Circuit 1: Value of Collector-Emitter voltage of BJT circuit = 3.779 V
+// Circuit 2: Value of BAse Resistance required = 424.24 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt b/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..750412ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + Part 1
+(a)The value of Base Current in the BJT circuit is 3.079e-005 A
+(b)The value of Collector Current in the BJT circuit is 3.079e-003 A
+(c)The value of Collector-Emitter voltage in the circuit is 3.779 V
+
+Part 2
+(a)The value of the Base Resistance of the Circuit is 4.242e+005 ohm
+
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce b/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0bad3504 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// To establish Operating Point & Stability Factor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 5-4 in page 238
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+beta_bjt=50; // Beta Gain of the BJT circuit
+Vbe=0.7; // Base-Emitter voltage of BJT in V
+Vcc=22.5; // DC voltage across Collector in V
+Rc=5600; // Resistance across Collector in ohm
+Vce=12; // Operating Collector-Emitter voltage of circuit in V
+Ic=1.5*10^-3; // Operating Collector current of circuit in mA
+sfactor=3; // Stability factor of the circuit
+
+// Calculations
+Re=((Vcc-Vce)/Ic)-Rc;
+constant=((beta_bjt+1)*(sfactor-1))/((beta_bjt+1)-sfactor);
+Rb=constant*Re;
+Ib=Ic/beta_bjt;
+voltage=(Ib*Rb)+Vbe+((Ib+Ic)*Re);
+R1=Rb*(Vcc/voltage);
+R2=(R1*voltage)/(Vcc-voltage);
+
+printf("(a)The value of Emitter Resistance of the BJT circuit is %0.2e ohm \n",Re);
+printf("(b)The value of Resistance-1 of the BJT circuit is %0.2e ohm \n",R1);
+printf("(c)The value of Resistance-2 of the BJT circuit is %0.2e ohm \n",R2);
+
+// Results
+// The value of Emitter Resistance of the BJT circuit is 1.4 K-ohm
+// The value of Resistance-1 of the BJT circuit is 22.8 K-ohm
+// The value of Resistance-2 of the BJT circuit is 3.4 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.txt b/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..caa1ef2fd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)The value of Emitter Resistance of the BJT circuit is 1.40e+003 ohm
+(b)The value of Resistance-1 of the BJT circuit is 2.28e+004 ohm
+(c)The value of Resistance-2 of the BJT circuit is 3.42e+003 ohm
+
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce b/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..75023031f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +// Design Bias Circuit for given Stability Factor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 5-5 in page 239
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vcc=20; // Supply DC Voltage in V
+Rc=1.5*10^3; // Collector Resistance in ohm
+Vce=8; // Collector-Emitter Resistance in V
+Ic=4*10^-3; // Collector Current in A
+S=12; // Stability Factor of circuit
+beta_bjt=50; // Beta Gain of BJT
+
+// Calculations
+Ib=Ic/beta_bjt;
+Re=(Vcc-Vce-Ic*Rc)/(Ib+Ic);
+Rb=Re*((S*beta_bjt)/((beta_bjt+1)-S));
+Ie=Ic+Ib;
+Vbn=0.2+Ie*Re;
+Vth=Vbn+Ib*Rb;
+R1=(Vcc*Rb)/Vth;
+Ir1=(Vcc-Vbn)/R1;
+Ir2=Ir1-Ib;
+R2=Vbn/Ir2;
+
+// For S=3
+S_2=3;
+Rc_2=1.47*10^3;
+Re_2=Re;
+Rb_2=Re*((S_2*beta_bjt)/((beta_bjt+1)-S_2));
+Vth_2=Vbn+(Ib*Rb_2)+6.16;
+R1_2=(Vcc*Rb_2)/Vth_2;
+Ir1_2=(Vcc-Vbn)/R1_2;
+Ir2_2=Ir1_2-Ib;
+R2_2=Vbn/Ir2-2;
+
+printf("For S=12 \n");
+printf("(a)Ib = %0.2e A \n(b)Ir1 = %0.2e A \n(c)Ir2 = %0.2e A \n",Ib,Ir1,Ir2);
+printf("(d)Re = %0.2e ohm \n(e)Rb = %0.2e ohm \n(f)R1 = %0.2e ohm \n(g)R2 = %0.2e ohm \n",Re,Rb,R1,R2);
+printf("(h)Base-Ground Voltage Vbn = %0.2f V \n(i)Thevenin Voltage Vth = %0.2f V \n",Vbn,Vth);
+printf("\n For S=3 \n");
+printf("(a)Re = %0.2e ohm \n(b)Rb = %0.2e ohm \n(c)R1 = %0.2e ohm \n(d)R2 = %0.2e ohm \n",Re_2,Rb_2,R1_2,R2_2);
+printf("(e)Thevenin Voltage Vth = %0.2f V \n(f)Ir1 = %0.2e A \n(g)Ir2 = %0.2e A \n",Vth_2,Ir1_2,Ir2_2);
+
+// Results
+// S=12
+// (a) Ib=80 mu-A
+// (b) Re=1.47 K-ohm
+// (c) Rb=21.17 K-ohm
+// (d) Vbn=5.91 V
+// (e) Vth=7.60 V
+// (f) R1=55.71 K-ohm
+// (g) R2=37.16 K-ohm
+// (h) IR1=0.253 mA
+// (i) IR2=0.173 mA
+// S=3
+// (a) Rb=3.13 K-ohm
+// (b) R1=10.16 K-ohm
+// (c) IR1=1.387 mA
+// (d) R2=4.52 K-ohm
+// (e) IR2=1.307 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.txt b/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a853ae43a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + For S=12
+(a)Ib = 8.00e-005 A
+(b)Ir1 = 2.44e-004 A
+(c)Ir2 = 1.64e-004 A
+(d)Re = 1.47e+003 ohm
+(e)Rb = 2.26e+004 ohm
+(f)R1 = 5.65e+004 ohm
+(g)R2 = 3.77e+004 ohm
+(h)Base-Ground Voltage Vbn = 6.20 V
+(i)Thevenin Voltage Vth = 8.01 V
+
+ For S=3
+(a)Re = 1.47e+003 ohm
+(b)Rb = 4.60e+003 ohm
+(c)R1 = 7.22e+003 ohm
+(d)R2 = 3.77e+004 ohm
+(e)Thevenin Voltage Vth = 12.73 V
+(f)Ir1 = 1.91e-003 A
+(g)Ir2 = 1.83e-003 A
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.sce b/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8db9f4d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Calculate circuit parameters of a Emitter Follower
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 5-8 in page 251
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rs=0.5*10^3; // Source resistance in ohm
+Rl=5*10^3; // Load resistance in ohm
+hfe=50; // h-parameter value of the BJT
+hie=1*10^3; // h-parameter value of the BJT in ohm
+hoe=25*10^-6; // h-parameter value of the BJT in A/V
+
+// Calculations
+Ai=(1+hfe)/(1+hoe*Rl);
+Ri=hie+Ai*Rl;
+Av=1-(hie/Ri);
+Avs=Av*(Ri/(Ri+Rs));
+
+printf("(a)The current gain of circuit Ai = %0.1f \n",Ai);
+printf("(b)The input resistance of circuit Ri = %0.2e ohm \n",Ri);
+printf("(c)The voltage gain of circuit Av = %0.4f \n",Av);
+printf("(d)The voltage gain of circuit Avs = %0.4f \n",Avs);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The current gain of circuit Ai=45.3
+// (b) The input resistance of circuit Ri=227 ohm
+// (c) The voltage gain of circuit Av=0.9956
+// (d) The voltage gain of circuit Avs=0.9934
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.txt b/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..441dd8a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.8/example5_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +(a)The current gain of circuit Ai = 45.3
+(b)The input resistance of circuit Ri = 2.28e+005 ohm
+(c)The voltage gain of circuit Av = 0.9956
+(d)The voltage gain of circuit Avs = 0.9934
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.sce b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..71239f8a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Design of an Emitter Follower
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 5-9 in page 252
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ri=500*10^3; // Input Resistance in ohm
+Ro=20; // Output Resistance in ohm
+hfe=50; // h-parameter of BJT
+hie=1*10^3; // h-parameter of BJT in ohm
+hoe=25*10^-6; // h-parameter of BJT in A/V
+const=499*10^3; // Product of Ai and Rl in ohm
+Av=0.999; // Voltage gain of circuit
+const_2=10^6; // Product of Ai and Rl in ohm for Av=0.999
+
+// Calculations
+Ai=1+hfe-(const*hoe);
+Rl=const/Ai;
+Rs=((hfe+1)*hoe*Ro)-hie;
+Ri_2=hie/(1-Av);
+Rl_2=(((1+hfe)/const_2)-1)/hoe;
+
+printf("The current gain of circuit=%0.1f \n",Ai);
+printf("When Av=0.999, \n(a)Ri=%0.2e ohm \n(b)Rl=%0.2e ohm \n",Ri_2,Rl_2);
+
+// Results
+// The current gain of circuit = 38.5
+// For Av = 0.999,
+// (a) Ri = 1 M-ohm,
+// (b) Rl = -40.0 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.txt b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..589210d6b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +The current gain of circuit=38.5
+When Av=0.999,
+(a)Ri=1.00e+006 ohm
+(b)Rl=-4.00e+004 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.xcos b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e83203ac --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH5/EX5.9/example5_9.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><XcosDiagram background="-1"><!--Xcos - 1.0 - scilab-5.3.2 - 20110511 1831--><mxGraphModel as="model"><root><mxCell id="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-7fff"/><mxCell id="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-8000" parent="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-7fff"/><BasicBlock angle="90" id="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-7fde" interfaceFunctionName="ConstantVoltage" parent="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-8000" simulationFunctionName="ConstantVoltage" simulationFunctionType="DEFAULT" style="ConstantVoltage;rotation=90"><ScilabString as="exprs" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" value="0.01"/></ScilabString><ScilabDouble as="realParameters" height="1" width="1"><data column="0" line="0" realPart="0.01"/></ScilabDouble><ScilabDouble as="integerParameters" height="0" 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Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 11 pt } --> </style> </head> <body> <pre><font color="rgb(0,0,0)"><span>Design</span></font> <font color="rgb(0,0,0)"><span>of</span></font> <font color="rgb(0,0,0)"><span>an</span></font> <font color="rgb(0,0,0)"><span>Emitter</span></font> <font color="rgb(0,0,0)"><span>Follower</span></font></pre> </body> </html> "><mxGeometry as="geometry" height="40.0" width="260.0" x="230.0" y="400.0"/></TextBlock></root></mxGraphModel><mxCell as="defaultParent" id="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-8000" parent="-59f4ccb5:131bc0c722d:-7fff"/></XcosDiagram>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74590ca91 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Determine approximate drain-source resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-1 in page 274
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+I_ds=10*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-2; // Peak voltage in V
+Vgs=[0 -0.5]; // Values of Vgs in V
+
+// Calculation
+alp=[1 2];
+for i=1:2
+ r=Vp^2/(2*I_ds*(Vgs(i)-Vp));
+ printf("(%0.0f)r_ds when Vgs = %d V is %0.2f ohm\n",alp(i),Vgs(i),r);
+end
+
+// Result
+// (a) When Vgs = 0 V, r_ds = 100 ohms
+// (b) When Vgs = 0.5 V, r_ds = 133.33 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db5179362 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(1)r_ds when Vgs = 0 V is 100.00 ohm
+(2)r_ds when Vgs = 0 V is 133.33 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e26dd267 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Find pinch off,saturation voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-10 in page 279
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Nd=3*10^21; // Donor concentration in /m^3
+epsln=12; // Dielectric constant of silicon
+epsln_0=12*8.85*10^-12; // Constant of calculation
+e=1.6*10^-19; // Charge on an electron in C
+a=2*10^-6; // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculation
+Vp=(e*Nd*(a)^2)/(2*epsln_0);
+printf("(a)Pinch off voltage = %0.3f V\n",Vp);
+Vds=Vp-2;
+printf("(b)Saturation voltage = %0.3f V",Vds);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Pinch off voltage = 9.040 V
+// (b) Saturation voltage = 7.040 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8bb7be6e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.10/example6_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Pinch off voltage = 9.040 V
+(b)Saturation voltage = 7.040 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dbc2f577b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Determine drain-source resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-11 in page 287
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=10*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-2; // Peak voltage in V
+Vgs=[1 2]; // Gate-source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+for i=1:2
+ rds=Vp^2/(2*Ids*(Vgs(i)-Vp));
+ printf("Rds = %0.1f ohm\n",rds);
+end
+
+// Result
+// Rds = 66.7 ohm, 50 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8d65f862e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.11/example6_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Rds = 66.7 ohm, 50 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2876aa285 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Determine approximate Rds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-12 in page 287
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.25*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=2; // Voltage in V
+Vgs=[4 6 10]; // Drain-source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+for i=1:3
+ rds=1/(2*K*(Vgs(i)-Vt));
+ printf("Rds = %0.0f ohm\n",rds);
+end
+
+// Result
+// Rds = 1 K-ohm, 500 ohm, 250 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f2bb0eb9c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.12/example6_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + Rds = 1000 ohm
+Rds = 500 ohm
+Rds = 250 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1565dd6bd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Find Vgs,operating region,Id,Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-13 in page 288
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in in V
+Vds=6; // Drain-source voltage in V
+K=0.2*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=1; // Voltage given
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs=Vds;
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.0f V\n",Vgs);
+printf("Vds=6V>Vgs-Vt=5V\n");
+Id=K*(Vgs-Vt)^2;
+Rd=(Vdd-Vds)/Id;
+printf("(b)Id = %0.0e A\n",Id);
+printf("(c)Rd = %0.0f ohms",Rd);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = 6 V
+// (b) Id = 5 mA
+// (c) Rd = 800 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e0e4822e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.13/example6_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Vgs = 6 V
+Vds=6V>Vgs-Vt=5V
+(b)Id = 5e-003 A
+(c)Rd = 800 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..868ad1c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Find operating region,Vgs,Vds,Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-14 in page 288
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.2*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=1; // Given voltage in V
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in V
+Id=3.2*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Vds=Vgs>Vgs-Vt=Active region operation\n");
+Vgs=Vt+sqrt(Id/K);
+Vds=Vgs;
+Rd=(Vdd-Vds)/Id;
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.0f V,\n(b)Vds = %0.0f V,\n(c)Rd = %0.2e ohm",Vgs,Vds,Rd);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = 5 V
+// (b) Vds = 5 V
+// (c) Rd = 1.56 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f7049c201 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.14/example6_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + Vds=Vgs>Vgs-Vt=Active region operation
+(a)Vgs = 5 V,
+(b)Vds = 5 V,
+(c)Rd = 1.56e+003 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7735fb0a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Find Id when Vgs=4V
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-15 in page 288
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.15*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=2; // Given voltgae in V
+Vdd=12; // Drain voltage in V
+Vgs=4; // Gate-source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Vgg=sqrt(5.4/0.15)+2;
+Id=K*(Vgs-Vt)^2;
+printf("(a)Vgg = %0.0f V,\n(b)Id = %0.1e A",Vgg,Id);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgg = 8 V
+// (b) Id = 0.6 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dc19f101d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.15/example6_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Vgg = 8 V,
+(b)Id = 6.0e-004 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb9458ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Determine Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-16 in page 289
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.25*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=2; // Voltage given in V
+Vdd=16; // Drain voltage in V
+Vgg=[4 10]; // Gate voltage values in V
+
+// Calculation
+for i=1:2
+ id=K*(Vgg(i)-2)^2;
+ rd=(16-(Vgg(i)-2))/id;
+ printf("Rd when Vgg is %d V = %0.1e ohm\n",Vgg(i),rd);
+end
+
+// Result
+// (a) Rd = 14 K-ohm
+// (b) 500 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..858649f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.16/example6_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Rd when Vgg is 4 V = 1.4e+004 ohm
+Rd when Vgg is 10 V = 5.0e+002 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b64548359 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Determine Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-17 in page 289
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.25*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2;
+Vt=2; // Given voltage in V
+Rd=1*10^3; // Drain resistance in ohms
+Vdd=16; // Drain voltage in V
+Vgg=4; // Gate voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+id=K*(4-Vt)^2;
+Vd=(-1*10^3*id)+16;
+printf("(a)Id = %0.0e A,\n(b)Vd = %0.0f V\n",id,Vd);
+printf("Since Vds=15>Vgs-Vt=2,active region operation is confirmed");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 1 mA
+// (b) Vds = 15 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d353c119f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.17/example6_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Id = 1e-003 A,
+(b)Vd = 15 V
+Since Vds=15>Vgs-Vt=2,active region operation is confirmed
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7dc76ea46 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Find Id,Vds1,Vds2
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-18 in page 289
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids1=8*10-3; // Drain-source current of M1 in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Ids2=16*10^-3; // Drain-source current of M2 in mA
+Vdd=11; // Drain voltage in V
+Vgg=10; // Gate voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Id=Ids2;
+printf("(a)Id = %0.2e A\n",Id);
+Vds=(28+sqrt(28^2-128))/2;
+Vds1=(28-sqrt(28^2-128))/2;
+printf("(b)Vds1 = %0.2f V, %0.2f V\n",Vds,Vds1);
+printf("For ohmic operation Vds1 = 1.19 V\n");
+Vds2=Vdd-1.19;
+printf("(c)Vds2 = %0.2f V",Vds2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 16 mA
+// (b) Vds1 = 1.19 V
+// (c) Vds2 = 9.81 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1fc0190bb --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.18/example6_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Id = 1.60e-002 A
+(b)Vds1 = 26.81 V, 1.19 V
+For ohmic operation Vds1 = 1.19 V
+(c)Vds2 = 9.81 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aed11e4f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Find operating region,Vgs,Vds,Id
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-19 in page 290
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids = 4*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in V
+Rd=1*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)Vd=Vgs<Vgs-Vp.Hence ohmic region operation is confirmed\n");
+Vgs1=(-12+sqrt(12^2+160))/2;
+Vgs2=(-12-sqrt(12^2+160))/2;
+printf("(b)Vgs = %0.2f V,%0.2f V\n",Vgs1,Vgs2);
+Vds=Vgs1;
+id=(10-Vds)/(1*10^3);
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.2f V,\n(d)Id = %0.2e A",Vds,id);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Ohmic region operation is confirmed
+// (b) Vgs = 2.72V
+// (c) Vds = 2.72V
+// (d) Id = 7.28mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56dfb69b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.19/example6_19.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Vd=Vgs<Vgs-Vp.Hence ohmic region operation is confirmed
+(b)Vgs = 2.72 V,-14.72 V
+(c)Vds = 2.72 V,
+(d)Id = 7.28e-003 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e87880c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Find Id and Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-2 in page 274
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=12*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vgs=-2; // Gate to source voltage in V
+Rd=3*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+Vcc=15; // Supply voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+id=Ids*(1-(Vgs/Vp))^2;
+Vds=-id*Rd+Vcc;
+
+printf("(a)Id = %0.0e A\n",id);
+printf("(b)Vds = %0.0f V",Vds);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 3mA
+// (b) Vds = 6V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..95b2b16dc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Id = 3e-003 A
+(b)Vds = 6 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb84f2a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Find Vgs,Id,operating region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-20 in page 290
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=4*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in V
+Vds=6; // Drain-source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs=Vds;
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.0f V\n",Vgs);
+printf("(b)Vds=Vgs<Vgs-Vp.Hence ohmic region operation\n");
+Id=4*10^-3*((2*(5/2)*(3/2))-(9/4));
+printf("(c)Id = %0.1e A",Id);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = 6 V
+// Ohmic region operation is confirmed
+// (c) Id = 21 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a58c6c9d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.20/example6_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Vgs = 6 V
+(b)Vds=Vgs<Vgs-Vp.Hence ohmic region operation
+(c)Id = 2.1e-002 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..57aa0052a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Find operating region,Vgs,Vds,Id
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-21 in page 290
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+K=0.2*10^-3; // Constant in mA/V^2
+Vt=1; // Voltage in V
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in V
+Rd=1*10^3; // Drain resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)Vds=Vgs>Vgs-Vt.Hence active region operation\n");
+printf("0.2*Vgs^2+0.6*Vgs-9.8=0\n");
+Vgs1=(-0.6+sqrt(0.6^2-4*0.2*-9.8))/(2*0.2);
+Vgs2=(-0.6-sqrt(0.6^2-4*0.2*-9.8))/(2*0.2);
+printf("(b)Vgs = %0.2f V or %0.2f V\n",Vgs1,Vgs2);
+printf("Since 0<Vgs<10, Vgs = %0.2f V\n",Vgs1);
+Id=(Vdd-5.66)/Rd;
+printf("(c)Vds = Vgs = 5.66 V\n(d)Id = %0.2e A",Id);
+
+//Result
+// (a) The region of operation is active
+// (b) Vgs = 5.66 V
+// (c) Vds = 5.66 V
+// (c) Id = 4.34 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..35183224b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.21/example6_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +(a)Vds=Vgs>Vgs-Vt.Hence active region operation
+0.2*Vgs^2+0.6*Vgs-9.8=0
+(b)Vgs = 5.66 V or -8.66 V
+Since 0<Vgs<10, Vgs = 5.66 V
+(c)Vds = Vgs = 5.66 V
+(d)Id = 4.34e-003 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b426dbc8d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Find the value of Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-3 in page 275
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=12*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Rs=0; // Source resistance in ohms
+Vds=0.1; // Drain-source voltage in V
+Vgg=0; // Gate voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+id=Ids*(50*10^-3-625*10^-6);
+Rd=(15-Vds)/id;
+
+printf("(a)i_d = %0.3e A\n",id);
+printf("(b)Rd = %0.3e ohm",Rd);
+
+// Result
+// (a) i_d = 592.6 mu-A
+// (b) Rd = 25.15 k-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a1e5ac27 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)i_d = 5.925e-004 A
+(b)Rd = 2.515e+004 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8badcbe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Find id,Vds,slope of operation of JFET
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-4 in page 275
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=12*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Rd=1*10^3; // Drain resistance in k-ohm
+Vdd=15; // Drain voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Id=Ids;
+Vds=(-Rd*Id)+Vdd;
+printf("Id = %0.2e A\n",Id);
+printf("Vds = %0.0f V\n",Vds);
+printf("Consider it to be operating in the ohmic region\n");
+Vds1=(7+sqrt(49-45))/(3/2);
+Vds2=(7-sqrt(49-45))/(3/2);
+printf("Then Vds = %0.2f V,%0.2f V\n",Vds1,Vds2);
+printf("6V is neglected since it is lesser than -Vp\n");
+id=(15-Vds2)/(1*10^3);
+Vds=Vds2;
+printf("(a)Id = %0.3e A\n",id);
+printf("(b)Vds = %0.2f V",Vds);
+printf("Since Vds<Vgs-Vp,operation region is confirmed in the ohmic region");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 11.67 mA
+// (b) Vds = 3.33 V
+// (c) Operation region is in the ohmic region
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f938d5e80 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Id = 1.20e-002 A
+Vds = 3 V
+Consider it to be operating in the ohmic region
+Then Vds = 6.00 V,3.33 V
+6V is neglected since it is lesser than -Vp
+(a)Id = 1.167e-002 A
+(b)Vds = 3.33 VSince Vds<Vgs-Vp,operation region is confirmed in the ohmic region
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..97e5a56b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Find id,Vgs,Rd,Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-5 in page 276
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=10*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=12; // Drain voltage in V
+Vgg=0; // Gate voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+id=10*10^-3*(1-(2/4))^2;
+Vgs=(sqrt(9/10)-1)*4;
+Rd=(12-7.5)/(0.625*10^-3);
+Vds=12-2-(3*0.625);
+printf("(a)Id = %0.2e A\n",id);
+printf("(b)Vgs = %0.3f V\n",Vgs);
+printf("(c)Rd = %0.2e ohm\n",Rd);
+printf("(d)Vds = %0.3f V",Vds);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 2.5 mA
+// Vgs = -0.205 V
+// (c) Rd = 7.2 k-ohm
+// (d) Vds = 8.125 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..54602e70c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.5/example6_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + (a)Id = 2.50e-003 A
+(b)Vgs = -0.205 V
+(c)Rd = 7.20e+003 ohm
+(d)Vds = 8.125 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af5e0e75c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Determine Vgs,Id,Vds,operating region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-6 in page 276
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=16*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=18; // Drain voltage in V
+Rd=500; // Drain resistance in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+vgs1=(-10+sqrt(100-64))/2;
+vgs2=(-10-sqrt(100-64))/2;
+printf("(a)Vgs = %d V,%d V\n",vgs1,vgs2);
+id=-vgs1/500;
+Vds=18-((1*10^3)*(4*10^-3));
+printf("(b)id = %0.0e A\n",id);
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.0f V\n",Vds);
+printf("Saturation region operation is confirmed from above results");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = -2V
+// (b) Id = 4 mA,
+// (c) Vds = 14 V,
diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ba495b16 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.6/example6_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + (a)Vgs = -2 V,-8 V
+(b)id = 4e-003 A
+(c)Vds = 14 V
+Saturation region operation is confirmed from above results
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..378ef574b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Determine Vgs,Id,Vds
+// Determine Vgs,Id,Vds,operating region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-7 in page 277
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=8*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=18; // Drain voltage in V
+Rd=8*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+vgs1=(-214+sqrt(214^2-(4*63*180)))/(2*63);
+vgs2=(-214-sqrt(214^2-(4*63*180)))/(2*63);
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.2f V,%0.2f V\n",vgs1,vgs2);
+id1=-vgs1/(1*10^3);
+id2=-vgs2/(1*10^3);
+printf("(b)Id = %0.2e A,%0.2e A\n",id1,id2);
+Vds1=((-9*10^3)*id1)+18;
+Vds2=((-9*10^3)*id2)+18;
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.2f V,%0.2f V",Vds1,Vds2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = -1.53 V,-1.86 V
+// (b) Id = 1.53 mA,1.86 mA
+// (c) Vds = 4.23 V,1.26 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67b98a135 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.7/example6_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Vgs = -1.53 V,-1.86 V
+(b)Id = 1.53e-003 A,1.86e-003 A
+(c)Vds = 4.21 V,1.22 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fbd11f627 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Determine R,Ids,Vgs
+// Determine Vgs,Id,Vds,operating region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-8 in page 277
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=-3; // Peak voltage in V
+Vgg=5; // Gate voltage in V
+Ids=10*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+R=5/(10*10^-3);
+printf("(a)R = %0.0f ohm\n",R);
+Ids=5/400;
+Vds=(2*Ids*R)+15;
+printf("(b)Idss = %0.2e A\n",Ids);
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.0f V\n",Vds);
+printf("This confirms active region\n");
+Rid=14/2;
+Vgs=Vgg-Rid;
+printf("(d)Vgs = %0.0f V\n",Vgs);
+printf("Vds=2>Vgs-Vp=-1.5+3=1.5 -> Active region");
+
+// Result
+// (a) R = 500ohm,
+// (b) Ids = 12.5mA,
+// (c) Vgs = -2V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eee6983e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.8/example6_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + (a)R = 500 ohm
+(b)Idss = 1.25e-002 A
+(c)Vds = 28 V
+This confirms active region
+(d)Vgs = -2 V
+Vds=2>Vgs-Vp=-1.5+3=1.5 -> Active region
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.sce b/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..273bac7df --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Find Id,Vgs,Vds,region of operation
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 6-9 in page 277
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=4*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vp=-2; // Peak voltage in V
+Vdd=10; // Supply voltage in V
+Vgs=0; // Gate source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vp));
+printf("(a)Id = %0.0e A\n",Id);
+printf("(b)Since Id=Idss, Vgs=0 V\n");
+Vds=10-Vgs;
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.0f V\n",Vds);
+printf("Since Vds=10V>Vgs-Vp=2V,Active region operation of upper JFET is confirmed");
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = 4 mA,
+// (b) Vgs = 0 V,
+// (c) Vds = 10 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.txt b/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02d359c86 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH6/EX6.9/example6_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Id = 4e-003 A
+(b)Since Id=Idss, Vgs=0 V
+(c)Vds = 10 V
+Since Vds=10V>Vgs-Vp=2V,Active region operation of upper JFET is confirmed
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..40abf30da --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find voltage gain,output impedance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-11 in page 320
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// The Thevenin equivalent of fig. is derived
+
+// Calculation
+A=(9.5*10)/(10+20);
+R_0=(1/(10*10^3))+(1/(20*10^3));
+R=1/R_0;
+printf("(a)Voltage gain = %0.2f\n",A);
+printf("(b)Output impedance = %0.2e",R);
+
+// Result
+// (a) A = 3.17
+// (b) R_0 = 6.67 K
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8255e2513 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.11/example7_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Voltage gain = 3.17
+(b)Output impedance = 6.67e+003
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8c6841d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Find voltage gain A1 and A2
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-12 in page 321
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rd=30*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohm
+Rs=2*10^3; // Source resistance in K-ohm
+mu=19; // Constant for FET
+rd=10*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohm
+
+// Calculation
+A1=(-mu*(Rd+rd+((mu+1)*Rs))*Rd)/((rd+Rd)*(Rd+rd+(2*(mu+1)*Rs)));
+A2=(mu*(mu+1)*Rs*Rd)/((rd+Rd)*(Rd+rd+(2*(mu+1)*Rs)));
+printf("(a)For the given values of Rd,Rs,rd and mu we have:\n");
+printf("A1 = %0.2f\nA2 = %0.2f\n\n",A1,A2);
+printf("(b)If Rs-->infinity,\n");
+A_1=(-mu*Rd)/(2*(rd+Rd));
+printf("A1 = %0.2f = -A2\nOr A1 = -A2 = %0.2f",A_1,A_1);
+
+// Result
+// (a) A1 = -9.5; A2 = 4.75
+// (b) A1 = -A2 = -7.13
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7067a1f57 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.12/example7_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + (a)For the given values of Rd,Rs,rd and mu we have:
+A1 = -9.50
+A2 = 4.75
+
+(b)If Rs-->infinity,
+A1 = -7.13 = -A2
+Or A1 = -A2 = -7.13
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8245efb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Determine Vgs,Id,Vds,Av
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-13 in page 322
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rd=12; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+Rg=1; // Gate resistance in M-ohms
+Rs=0.47; // Source resistance in ohms
+Vdd=30; // Drain voltage in volts
+Idds=3*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Vgs=-1.41* (1+ 2Vgs/2.4 + Vgs^2/2.4)\n");
+Vgs1=(-1.175+sqrt(1.175^2-4*0.245*1.41))/(2*0.245);
+Vgs2=(-1.175-sqrt(1.175^2-4*0.245*1.41))/(2*0.245);
+printf("(a)Upon solving we get Vgs = %0.3f V or %0.3f V\n",Vgs1,Vgs2);
+Id=3*(1-(2.398/2.4))^2;
+Vds=Vdd-Id*(Rd+Rs);
+gm=((2*Idds)/2.4)*(1-(2.398/2.4));
+Av=gm*12;
+printf("(b)Drain current Ids = %0.1e A\n",Id);
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.2f V\n",Vds);
+printf("(d)Small signal voltage gain Av = %0.2e",Av);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = -2.398 V
+// (b) Ids = 2.1*10^-6 A
+// (c) Vds = 30 V
+// (d) Av = 2.5*10^-5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7624f1b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.13/example7_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Vgs=-1.41* (1+ 2Vgs/2.4 + Vgs^2/2.4)
+(a)Upon solving we get Vgs = -2.398 V or -2.398 V
+(b)Drain current Ids = 2.1e-006 A
+(c)Vds = 30.00 V
+(d)Small signal voltage gain Av = 2.50e-005
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76586aff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find the value of R1
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-14 in page 322
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=2*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-1; // Voltage in volts
+Rd=56*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+Vdn=10; // Drain to ground voltage in volts
+Vdd=24; // Drain voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+Id=(Vdd-Vdn)/Rd;
+Vgs=-0.65;
+R1=-Vgs/Id;
+printf("R1 = %0.1e ohms",R1);
+
+// Result
+// R1 = 2.6 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c6314c638 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.14/example7_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +R1 = 2.6e+003 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a51db7f6a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Find Vo for given Vi
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-15 in page 323
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=5.6*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Peak voltage in V
+Vi=[0 10]; // Input voltage values in V
+
+// Calculation
+alp=[1 2];
+for i=1:2
+ Vg=(-2.8+sqrt(2.8^2-(4*0.35*5.6)))/(2*0.35);
+ Id=(Vi(i)+12-Vg)/10;
+ Vo=(10*Id)-12;
+ printf("(%0.0f)For Vi = %d V, Vo = %0.1f V\n",alp(i),Vi(i),Vo);
+end
+printf("If Vo = 0,\n");
+Vgs=4*(sqrt(0.214)-1);
+printf("(3)Then Vi = Vgs = %0.2f V",Vgs);
+
+// Result
+// When Vi=0,Vo=4V
+// When Vi=10,Vo=14V
+// When Vo=0,Vi=-2.15V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84ca2d6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.15/example7_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(1)For Vi = 0 V, Vo = 4.0 V
+(2)For Vi = 10 V, Vo = 14.0 V
+If Vo = 0,
+(3)Then Vi = Vgs = -2.15 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f48892571 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate quiescent values of Id,Vgs,Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-16 in page 324
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+// We find Thevenins equivalent to the left of the gate
+
+// Calculation
+Rth=(1/(200*10^3))+(1/(1.3*10^6));
+A=1/Rth;
+Vth=(200/1500)*60;
+printf("(a)Rth = %0.3e ohms and Vth = %0.0f V\n",A,Vth);
+Vgs=(8+sqrt(8^2-(4*16)))/2;
+Id=-2-(Vgs/4);
+printf("(b)Vgs = %0.0f V and Id = %0.2f mA\n",Vgs,Id);
+Vds=-60+((18+4)*2.25);
+printf("(c)Vds = %0.1f V",Vds);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Id = -3 mA
+// (b) Vgs = 4 V
+// (c) Vds = -10.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b346e64b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.16/example7_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Rth = 1.733e+005 ohms and Vth = 8 V
+(b)Vgs = 4 V and Id = -3.00 mA
+(c)Vds = -10.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9f859443 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Find amplification
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-2 in page 312
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+mu=30; // FET parameter
+rd=5; // FET parameter
+Rd=10; // FET parameter value in ohms
+R=50; // Resistor value in ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Av=(-299/50)/((1/rd)+(1/Rd)+(1/R));
+printf("Amplification Av = %0.1f",Av);
+
+// Result
+// Av = -18.7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..72274e1bc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Amplification Av = -18.7
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f8bf9687e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Calculate transconductance,amplification factor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-20 in page 328
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Id=2*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vgs=2; // Gate-source voltage in V
+Rd=200*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+gm=Id/Vgs;
+mu=gm*Rd;
+printf("(a)Transconductance gm = %0.0e A/V\n",gm);
+printf("(b)Amplification factor mu = %0.0f",mu);
+
+// Result
+// (a) gm = 1 mA/V
+// (b) mu = 200
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa7536d4a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.20/example7_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Transconductance gm = 1e-003 A/V
+(b)Amplification factor mu = 200
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f11228f31 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Calculate dynamic resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-21 in page 328
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+mu=80; // Amplification factor
+gm=400*10^-6; // Transconductance in micro-mho
+
+// Calculation
+rd=mu/gm;
+printf("Dynamic resistance Rd = %0.1e ohm",rd);
+
+// Result
+// Rd = 0.2*10^6 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7170c2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.21/example7_21.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Dynamic resistance Rd = 2.0e+005 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3097bff7e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate Rd,gm,mu
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-22 in page 329
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vds1=6; // Drain-source voltage when Vgs is zero
+Vds2=16; // Drain-source voltage when Vgs is 0.3
+Id1=12*10^-3; // Drain current in mA when Vgs is zero
+Id2=12.3*10^-3; // Drain current in mA when Vgs is zero
+
+// Calculation
+rd=(Vds2-Vds1)/(Id2-Id1);
+gm=(Id2-Id1)/(0-0.3*10^-3);
+mu=-gm*rd*10^-4;
+printf("(a)Drain resistance Rd = %0.2e ohms\n",rd);
+printf("(b)Transconductance gm = %0.0f(neglecting the sign)\n",-gm);
+printf("(c)Amplification factor mu = %0.2f",mu);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Rd = 33.33k-ohms
+// (b) gm = 1
+// (c) mu = 3.33
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b1e2539a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.22/example7_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Drain resistance Rd = 3.33e+004 ohms
+(b)Transconductance gm = 1(neglecting the sign)
+(c)Amplification factor mu = 3.33
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6cc98710e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Find the value of Rs
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-23 in page 329
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vgs=1.5; // Gate-source voltage in V
+Id=2*10^-3; // Drain saturation current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+Rs=Vgs/Id;
+printf("Rs = %0.0f ohm",Rs);
+
+// Result
+// Rs = 750 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b568c5cdc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.23/example7_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Rs = 750 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ab5e31ca --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Find voltage gain of amplifier
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-24 in page 329
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rl=250; // Load resistance in k-ohms
+gm=0.5; // Transconductance in mA/V
+rd=200; // Dynamic resistance in k-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+mu=rd*gm;
+Av=(-mu*Rl)/(rd+Rl);
+printf("Voltage gain Av = %0.2f",Av);
+
+// Result
+// Voltage gain Av = -55.55
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..225108c7f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.24/example7_24.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Voltage gain Av = -55.56
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..db63c4850 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Find pinch off voltage
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-25 in page 330
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=10; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Original pinch off voltage in V
+Vgs=-2; // Gate-source voltage in V
+gm=4; // Transcondonductance in m-mho
+
+// Calculation
+Ids=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vp))^2;
+A=(-2*Ids)/gm;
+printf("Pinch off voltage Vp = %0.0f V",A);
+
+// Result
+// Vp at gm = 4 m-mho is -1V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..611b95992 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.25/example7_25.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Pinch off voltage Vp = -1 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c10795e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate quiescent values of Id,Vds,Vgs
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-26 in page 330
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Ids=20*10^-3; // Drain-souce current in mA
+Vp=-4; // Pinch off voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+printf("We get the equation:\n0.3125*Id^2-6*Id+20=0\n");
+Id1=(6+sqrt(6^2-4*0.3125*20))/(2*0.3125);
+Id2=(6-sqrt(6^2-4*0.3125*20))/(2*0.3125);
+printf("Id = %0.1f mA and %0.1f mA\n",Id1,Id2);
+printf("We consider only %0.1f mA\n",Id2);
+Vgs=-Id2*0.5;
+Vds=30-(Id2*(5+0.5));
+printf("Vgs = %0.2f V\n(c)Vds = %0.2f V",Vgs,Vds);
+
+// Result
+// Id = 4.3 mA
+// Vgs = -2.15 V
+// Vds = 6.35 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4af06f160 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.26/example7_26.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)Id = 14.9 mA and 4.3 mA
+We consider only 4.3mA
+(b)Vgs = -2.15 V
+(c)Vds = 6.33 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..51e0c0837 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Find Id,Vds,Vgs,Av
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-27 in page 331
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-2.4; // Pinch off voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Id^2-6.73*Id+5.76=0\n");
+Id1=(6.73+sqrt(6.73^2-4*1*5.76))/2;
+Id2=(6.73-sqrt(6.73^2-4*1*5.76))/2;
+printf("Id = %0.2f mA or %0.2f mA\n",Id1,Id2);
+printf("(a)The possible value is 1.01 mA\n");
+Vgs=-Id2*1;
+Vds=20-(1.09*(1+10));
+printf("Vgs = %0.2f V\nVds = %0.2f V\n",Vgs,Vds);
+gm=(-2/Vp)*sqrt(Id2*Idss);
+Av=gm*10;
+printf("(b)Voltage gain Av = %0.1f",Av);
+
+// Result
+// Id = 1.01 mA
+// Vgs = -1.01 V
+// (a) Vds = 8.01 V
+// (b) Av = 14.5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f879c941c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.27/example7_27.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Id^2-6.73*Id+5.76=0
+Id = 5.72 mA or 1.01 mA
+(a)The possible value is 1.01 mA
+Vgs = -1.01 V
+Vds = 8.01 V
+(b)Voltage gain Av = 14.5
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..299bedbaa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate Av,Zo,Zi
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-28 in page 332
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rd=15; // Drain resistance in k-ohms
+Rg=1; // Gate resistance in M-ohms
+rd=5; // Dynamic resistance in k-ohms
+gm=5; // Transconductance in m-mho
+Vdd=20; // Drain voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+mu=rd*gm;
+Av=(mu*Rd)/(rd+Rd);
+Zo=rd;
+Zi=Rg;
+printf("(a)Av = %0.2f\n(b)Zo = %0.0f k-ohms\n(c)Zi = %0.0f M-ohms",Av,Zo,Zi);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Av = 18.75
+// (b) Zo = 5 K-ohms
+// (c) Zi = 1 M-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1da22b63 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.28/example7_28.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)Av = 18.75
+(b)Zo = 5 k-ohms
+(c)Zi = 1 M-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d8d1ce29a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Calculate Vo,Vi
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-29 in page 333
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=5*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-4.5; // Pinch off voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+printf("When Vi is zero:\n");
+Vgs1=(-25.67+sqrt(25.67^2-(4*2.963*55)))/(2*2.963);
+Vgs2=(-25.67-sqrt(25.67^2-(4*2.963*55)))/(2*2.963);
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.2f V or %0.2f V\n",Vgs1,Vgs2);
+printf("Since the gate is connected to ground,Vo = -Vgs.Hence Vo = %0.2f V or %0.2f V\n",-Vgs1,-Vgs2);
+printf("When Vo is zero:\n");
+Id=5/(12*10^3);
+Vgs=4.5*(0.288-1);
+Vi=Vgs;
+printf("(b)Vi = %0.1f V",Vi);
+
+// Result
+// (a) When Vi is zero, Vo = 4.78V or 3.88V
+// (b) When Vo is zero, Vi = -3.2V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94f767b96 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.29/example7_29.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + When Vi is zero:
+(a)Vgs = -3.88 V or -4.78 V
+Since the gate is connected to ground,Vo = -Vgs.Hence Vo = 3.88 V or 4.78 V
+When Vo is zero:
+(b)Vi = -3.2 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..020697bb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Find amplification with 40k resistor instead
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-3 in page 313
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Av=-18.7; // Amplification from prev problem
+R1=2.54; // Resistance value in ohms
+R=40; // Load resistor in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Avs=(Av)*(R1/(R1+R));
+printf("Amplification Avs = %0.2f",Avs);
+
+// Result
+// Avs = -1.11
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6d86cc9d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Amplification Avs = -1.12
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e503552ef --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Calculate Av,Zo
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-30 in page 334
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gm=5; // Transconductance in mA/V
+rd=10*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+mu=50; // Amplification factor
+Rd=5*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Av=(-mu*Rd)/(rd+Rd+((mu+1)*0.1*10^3));
+Avs=Av*(100/110);
+Zo=rd+((mu+1)*0.1*10^3);
+Zo1=(1/15.1)+(1/5);
+A=1/Zo1;
+printf("Av = %0.2f\n",Av);
+printf("Over all voltage gain Avs = %0.1f\n",Avs);
+printf("Output impedance = %0.2e K\n",Zo);
+printf("Effective output impedance Zo = %0.2f k-ohms",A);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Avs = -11.3
+// (b) Zo = 3.75 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da50c0553 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.30/example7_30.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +Av = -12.44
+Over all voltage gain Avs = -11.3
+Output impedance = 1.51e+004 K
+Effective output impedance Zo = 3.76 k-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a2ca55a6c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Calculate Vgsq,gm,Rs,Vdsq,Rl +// Basic Electronics +// By Debashis De +// First Edition, 2010 +// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India +// Example 7-31 in page 335 + +clear; clc; close; + +// Given data +Vp=-4; // Pinch off voltage in V +Idss=1.65*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA +Idq=0.8*10^-3; // Desired operating point of current in mA +Av=10; // Voltage gain in dB + +// Calculation +printf("We know that Id = Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vp))^2\n"); +Vgs=4*(sqrt(0.485)-1); +gmo=(-2*Idss)/Vp; +gm=gmo*(1-(Vgs/Vp)); +Rs=Vgs/-Idq; +Rl=Av/gm; +Vds=24-(Idq*Rl)-(Idq*Rs); +printf("(a)Vgsq = %0.3f V\n(b)gm = %0.3e A/V\n(c)Rs = %0.3e ohms\n(d)Rl = %0.2e ohms\n(e)Vds = %0.3f V\n",Vgs,gm,Rs,Rl,Vds); +printf("Therefore,\n(e)Vdsq = 16.48 V"); + +// Result +// (a) Vgsq = -1.214 V +// (b) gm = 0.575 mA/V +// (c) Rs = 1.518 K-ohm +// (d) Rl = 17.4 K-ohm +// (e) Vdsq = 16.48 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..964e16608 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.31/example7_31.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +(a)Vgsq = -1.216 V
+(b)gm = 5.742e-004 A/V
+(c)Rs = 1.520e+003 ohms
+(d)Rl = 1.74e+004 ohms
+(e)Vds = 8.852 V
+Therefore,
+(e)Vdsq = 16.48 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ba9c9e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Calculate Zo for rd=50k-ohms
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-32 in page 337
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+rd=50*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+Rd=20*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Zo=(rd*Rd)/(rd+Rd);
+printf("Output impedance Zo = %0.3e ohms",Zo);
+
+// Result
+// Zo = 14.28 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1947c6cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.32/example7_32.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Output impedance Zo = 1.429e+004 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..34330054b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Find voltage gain,Current gain ratio
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-33 in page 337
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Rd=5*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+Rg=500*10^3; // Gate resistance in K-ohms
+mu=60; // Amplification factor
+rds=30*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Av=(mu*Rd)/(Rd+rds);
+Ai=(mu*Rg)/(rds+Rd);
+printf("(a)Voltage gain Av = %0.2f\n(b)Current gain Ai = %0.2f",Av,Ai);
+
+// Reuslt
+// (a) Av = 8.57
+// (b) Ai = 857.14
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84a522853 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.33/example7_33.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Voltage gain Av = 8.57
+(b)Current gain Ai = 857.14
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e37a60474 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Determine Zo,draw small signal model
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-34 in page 338
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gm=1; // Transconductance in m-mho
+rd=50*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+Rd=5*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+printf("The equivalent circuit at low-frequency small signal model is as shown in the figure\n");
+Zo=(rd*Rd)/(Rd+rd);
+printf("Zo = %0.2e ohms",Zo);
+
+// Result
+// Zo = 4.54 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..681afbe20 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.34/example7_34.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + The equivalent circuit at low-frequency small signal model is as shown in the figure
+Zo = 4.55e+003 ohms
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d8c01fc68 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Find values of R2,Vdd,Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-35 in page 338
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=-5; // Pinch off voltage in V
+Idss=12*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vdd=18; // Drain voltage in V
+Rs=2*10^3; // Source resistance in K-ohms
+Rd=2*10^3; // Drain resistance in K-ohms
+R2=90*10^3; // Original value of R2 in K-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs1=(-5.3+sqrt(5.3^2-(4*0.48*10.35)))/(2*0.48);
+Vgs2=(-5.3-sqrt(5.3^2-(4*0.48*10.35)))/(2*0.48);
+printf("Vgs = %0.2f V or %0.2f V\nTherefore Vgs = -2.53 V\n",Vgs1,Vgs2);
+Id=(3.306-Vgs2)/2;
+Vds=18-(Id*Rd)-(Id*Rs);
+r2=(13.47*400)/4.53;
+vdd=((16-2.53)*(400+90))/90;
+vds=vdd-16-16;
+printf("(a)The new value of R2 is %0.1f K-ohm\n",r2);
+printf("(b)The new value of Vdd = %0.2f V\n",vdd);
+printf("(c)The new value of Vds = %0.2f V",vds);
+
+// Result
+// (a) R2 = 1189.4 K-ohm
+// (b) Vdd = 73.34 V
+// (c) Vds = 41.34 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b54b22778 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.35/example7_35.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + Vgs = -2.53 V or -8.51 V
+Therefore Vgs = -2.53 V
+(a)The new value of R2 is 1189.4 K-ohm
+(b)The new value of Vdd = 73.34 V
+(c)The new value of Vds = 41.34 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe84a14c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Equation for drain current
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-36 in page 340
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given
+Idss=12; // Drain source current in mA
+Vgs=-5; // Gate source voltage in V when off
+
+// Calculation
+printf("Equation for drain current:Id = %0.0f*(1-(Vgs/%0.0f))^2",Idss,Vgs);
+x=[-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0];
+y=[12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0];
+y=12*(1+(x/5))^2;
+plot(x,y);
+xlabel('Vgs');
+ylabel('Id');
+title('Transfer characteristics of FET');
+
+// Result
+// Graph shows the transfer characteristics of FET for the given values
+// Set axis properties to 'origin' to view graph correctly
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..337a66c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.36/example7_36.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Equation for drain current:Id = 12*(1-(Vgs/-5))^2
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fdb34f8a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Find Vgs,Vp
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-37 in page 340
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=12; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vgs_off=-6; // Gate-source voltage when FET is off
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs=6*(sqrt(5/12)-1);
+Vp=Vgs_off;
+printf("(a)Vgs = %0.2f V\n(b)Vp = -Vgs(off) = 6V",Vgs);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Vgs = -2.13 V
+// (b) Vp = 6 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c206fa890 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.37/example7_37.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Vgs = -2.13 V
+(b)Vp = -Vgs(off) = 6V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d10a05e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Find the values of Rs and Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-38 in page 341
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Id=1.5*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vds=10; // Drain-source voltage in V
+Idss=5*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-2; // Pinch off voltage in V
+Vdd=20; // Drain voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs=2*(sqrt(1.5/5)-1);
+Vs=-Vgs;
+Rs=Vs/Id;
+Rd=(20-10.9)/Id;
+printf("Rs = %0.1e ohms\nRd = %0.2e ohms",Rs,Rd);
+
+// Result
+// Rs = 0.6 K-ohms
+// Rd = 6.06 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b7ddd3cab --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.38/example7_38.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Rs = 6.0e+002 ohms
+Rd = 6.07e+003 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ccdd0df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Find the value of Rs
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-39 in page 341
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Id=2.5*10^-3; // Drain current in mA
+Vds=8; // Drain-source voltage in V
+Vdd=30; // Drain voltage in V
+R1=1*10^6; // R1 value in M-ohms
+R2=500*10^3; // R2 value in K-ohms
+Idss=15*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-5; // Pinch off voltage in volts
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs=5*(sqrt(5/30)-1);
+V2=(Vdd*R2)/(R1+R2);
+Rs=(V2-Vgs)/Id;
+printf("Rs = %0.2e ohms\n",Rs);
+Rd=(Vdd-Vds-(Id*Rs))/Id;
+printf("Rd = %0.2e ohms",Rd);
+
+// Result
+// Rs = 5.18 K-ohms
+// Rd = 3.62 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcc8d8d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.39/example7_39.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Rs = 5.18e+003 ohms
+Rd = 3.62e+003 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7bfe273bd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate voltage gain Av
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-40 in page 342
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gm=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mA/V
+rd=10*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+Zc=31.83*10^3; // Capacitive impedance in K-ohms
+Vth=16.67; // Thevenin voltage in V at 1 KHz
+
+// Calculation
+R=(rd*25*10^3)/(rd+(25*10^3));
+Av=-gm*R;
+printf("(a)Av after neglecting capacitance = %0.2f\n",Av);
+Rth=(rd*50*10^3)/(rd+50*10^3);
+Av1=(-50*10^3*Vth)/((50*10^3+Rth)-%i*Zc);
+printf("(b)Av after considering capacitance = %0.2f",Av1);
+
+// Result
+// Av after neglecting capacitance = -14.28
+// Av after considering capacitance = -11.01
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d186e3b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.40/example7_40.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Av after neglecting capacitance = -14.29
+Av after considering capacitance = -11.01
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..44166b49b --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Calculate voltage amplification in circuit
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-41 in page 343
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gfs=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mS
+Rl=10*10^3; // Load resistance
+
+// Calculation
+Av=gfs*Rl;
+printf("Av = %0.0f",Av);
+
+// Result
+// Av = 20
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a0cc215e --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.41/example7_41.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Av = 20
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..86e64bdbe --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Find the value of Rs
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-43 in page 344
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=10*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=-5; // Pinch off voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Vgs = 5*(sqrt(6.4/10)-1);
+Rs=-Vgs/(6.4*10^-3);
+printf("Rs = %0.0f ohms",Rs);
+
+// Result
+// Rs = 156 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a0bb9b41 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.43/example7_43.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Rs = 156 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a8d5c24f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Calculate value of Id,Vgs,Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-44 in page 345
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Idss=4*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vp=4; // Pinch off voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Rth=(200*10^3*1.3*10^6)/((200*10^3)+(1.3*10^6));
+Vth=(200/1500)*(1-60);
+Vgs=1;
+Id=(-8-Vgs)/4;
+Vds=-60-((18+4)*Id);
+printf("Id = %0.2f mA\nVgs = %0.0f V\nVds = %0.1f V",Id,Vgs,Vds);
+
+// Result
+// Vgs = 1 V
+// Vds = -10.5 V
+// Id = -2.25 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0e26ffe18 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.44/example7_44.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Id = -2.25e+000 A
+Vgs = 1 V
+Vds = -10.5 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ebe93dd89 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +// Calculate input admittance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-45 in page 348
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+mu=20; // Amplification factor
+rd=10*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+gm=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mA/V
+Cgs=3*10^-12; // Gate-source capacitance in pF
+Cds=1*10^-12; // Drain-source capacitance in pF
+Cgd=2*10^-12; // Gate-drain capacitance in pF
+
+// Calculation
+printf("(a)Rd = 50 K\n");
+printf("At f=1000Hz\n");
+Ygs=%i*2*%pi*10^3*Cgs;
+Yds=%i*2*%pi*10^3*Cds;
+Ygd=%i*2*%pi*10^3*Cgd;
+Yd=2*10^-6;
+gd=10^-4;
+Av=(-gm+Ygd)/(gd+Yd+Yds+Ygs);
+C1=Cgs+(17.7*Cgd);
+printf("Av = %0.1f\nC1 = %0.1e F\n\n",Av,C1);
+printf("At f=10^6Hz\n");
+Ygs1=%i*1.88*10^-6;
+Yds1=%i*0.628*10^-6;
+Ygd1=%i*1.26*10^-6;
+Av1=(-gm+Ygd1)/(gd+Yd+Yds+Ygs);
+R1=10^6/2.48;
+C2=37.6*10^-12;
+printf("Av = %0.1f\nR1 = %0.2e ohm\nC1=%0.1e F\n\n",Av1,R1,C2);
+Zl=%i*5*10^4;
+Yl=%i*2*10^-6;
+printf("(b)Zl = j5*10^4;Yl = j2*10^-6\n");
+printf("For f=1000Hz\n");
+Av2=-gm/(gd+Yl);
+C3=Cgs+(20.2*Cgd);
+R2=20.8*10^6;
+printf("Av = %0.2f\nR1 = %0.2e ohm\nC1 = %0.1e F\n\n",Av2,R2,C3);
+printf("For f=10^6Hz\n");
+Av3=(-200+(%i*1.26))/(10+(%i*3.88));
+C4=Cgs+(18.4*Cgd);
+R3=10^6/8.64;
+printf("Av = %0.2f\nR1 = %0.2e ohm\nC1 = %0.2e F",Av3,R3,C4);
+
+// Result
+// (a)Rd = 50 K
+// At f=1000Hz
+// Av = -19.6
+// C1 = 3.8e-011 F
+
+// At f=10^6Hz
+// Av = -19.6
+// R1 = 4.03e+005 ohm
+// C1=3.8e-011 F
+
+// (b)Zl = j5*10^4;Yl = j2*10^-6
+// For f=1000Hz
+// Av = -19.99
+// R1 = 2.08e+007 ohm
+// C1 = 4.3e-011 F
+
+// For f=10^6Hz
+// Av = -17.34
+// R1 = 1.16e+005 ohm
+// C1 = 3.98e-011 F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..464429a7d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.45/example7_45.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +(a)Rd = 50 K
+At f=1000Hz
+Av = -19.6
+C1 = 3.8e-011 F
+
+At f=10^6Hz
+Av = -19.6
+R1 = 4.03e+005 ohm
+C1=3.8e-011 F
+
+(b)Zl = j5*10^4;Yl = j2*10^-6
+For f=1000Hz
+Av = -19.99
+R1 = 2.08e+007 ohm
+C1 = 4.3e-011 F
+
+For f=10^6Hz
+Av = -17.34
+R1 = 1.16e+005 ohm
+C1 = 3.98e-011 F
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78b066fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Calculate gain and frequency
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-47 in page 351
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gm=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mA/V
+Rs=100*10^3; // Source resistance in K-ohms
+rd=50*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+Ct=9*10^-12; // Total capacitance in pF
+gd=2*10^-5; // Constant
+
+// Calculation
+omega=(gm+gd)/Ct;
+f=omega/(2*%pi);
+printf("(a)f = %0.1e Hz\n",f);
+Av=gm*Rs/(1+(gm+gd)*Rs);
+printf("For f=35.6MHz,\n");
+Av1=(10^2*(sqrt(4.45)))/(202*sqrt(2));
+printf("(b)Av = %0.3f",Av1);
+
+// Result
+// (a) f = 35.6 MHz
+// (b) Av = 0.738
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..67cc65468 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.47/example7_47.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + (a)f = 3.6e+007 Hz
+For f=35.6MHz,
+(b)Av = 0.738
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cb8257faa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Calculate the values of Id,Vgs,Vds
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-48 in page 351
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=3; // Pinch off voltage in V
+// Id = 0.2(Vgs-3)^2
+
+// Calculation
+Id1=(25+7)/10;
+Id2=(25-7)/10;
+printf("Id = %0.1f mA or %0.1f mA\n",Id1,Id2);
+printf("FET will be cut off at Id=3.2mA.Hence Id=1.8mA\n");
+Vgs=0.5*(30-18);
+Vds=30-(1.8*10);
+printf("Vgs = %0.0f V\nVds = %0.0f V",Vgs,Vds);
+
+// Result
+// Id = 1.8 mA
+// Vgs = 6 V
+// Vds = 12 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31bf666cc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.48/example7_48.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +Id = 3.2 mA or 1.8 mA
+FET will be cut off at Id=3.2mA.Hence Id=1.8mA
+Vgs = 6 V
+Vds = 12 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1deb7320 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +// Calculate complex voltage gain,Input admittance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-52 in page 355
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+mu=100; // Amplification factor
+rd=40*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+gm=2.5*10^-3; // Transconductance in mA/V
+Cgs=4*10^-12; // Gate-source capacitance in pF
+Cds=0.6*10^-12; // Drain-source capacitance in pF
+Cgd=2.4*10^-12; // Gate-drain capacitance in pF
+
+// Calculation
+Ygs=%i*2*%pi*10^2*4*10^-12;
+Yds=%i*2*%pi*10^2*0.6*10^-12;
+Ygd=%i*2*%pi*10^2*2.4*10^-12;
+gd=2.5*10^-5;
+Yd=10^-5;
+Av=(-2.5/3.5)*10^2;
+Ci=Cgs+(1-Av)*Cgd;
+printf("Av = %0.2f\nCi = %0.3e F\n",Av,Ci);
+printf("For f=10^6 Hz,\n");
+Ygs1=%i*2.51*10^-6;
+Yds1=%i*0.377*10^-6;
+Ygd=%i*1.51*10^-6;
+Av=((-2.5*3.5*10^2)/12.30)+%i*((2.5*0.188*10^2)/12.30);
+C1=Cgs+(72*Cgd);
+G1=2*%pi*2.4*10^-12*3.82;
+R1=1/G1;
+printf("Av =");
+disp(Av);
+printf("C1 = %0.3e F\nR1 = %0.3e ohms",C1,R1);
+
+// Result
+// Av = -71.4
+// Ci = 177.8 pF
+// At f=10^6 Hz,
+// Av = -71.2+j3.82
+// C1 = 177 pF
+// R1 = 173.5 K-ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..186263fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.52/example7_52.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Av = -71.43
+Ci = 1.778e-010 F
+For f=10^6 Hz,
+Av =
+ - 71.138211 + 3.8211382i
+C1 = 1.768e-010 F
+R1 = 1.736e+010 ohms
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2c857f23d --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Find the maximum transconductance +// Basic Electronics +// By Debashis De +// First Edition, 2010 +// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India +// Example 7-54 in page 358 + +clear; clc; close; + +// Given data +Idss=1*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA +Vp=-5; // Pinch off voltage in V + +// Calculation +gm=(2*Idss)/-Vp; +printf("gm = %0.1e mho",gm); + +// Result +// gm = 0.4 m-mho
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..785b8c514 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.54/example7_54.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + gm = 4.0e-004 mho
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ea3b760c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Evaluate Vds and Rd
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-55 in page 358
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+b=10^-4; // Constant in A/V^2
+Vdd=10; // Drain voltage in V
+Vt=1; // Voltage expressed in volts
+Ids=0.5*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+
+// Calculation
+Vds=1+sqrt(5);
+Rd=(Vdd-Vds)/Ids;
+printf("Vds = Vgs = %0.2f V\nRd = %0.2e ohm",Vds,Rd);
+
+// Result
+// Vds = 3.24 V
+// Rd = 13.5 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..639ca0693 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.55/example7_55.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Vds = Vgs = 3.24 V
+Rd = 1.35e+004 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fc12a19db --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Verify FET operation in pinch-off region
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-56 in page 358
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vp=-2; // Pinch off voltage in V
+Idss=4*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Rd=910; // Drain resistance in ohms
+Rs=3*10^3; // Source resistance in K-ohms
+R1=12*10^6; // R1 value in M-ohms
+R2=8.57*10^6; // R2 value in M-ohms
+Vdd=24; // Drain voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+Vgg = Vdd*R2/(R1+R2);
+Id1=(73+sqrt(73^2-(4*9*144)))/(2*9);
+Id2=(73-sqrt(73^2-(4*9*144)))/(2*9);
+printf("Id = %0.2e A or %0.2e A\n",Id1,Id2);
+printf("A value of 3.39 mA is selected\n");
+Vgsq=10-(3.39*10^-3*3*10^3);
+Vdsq=Vdd-(3.39*10^-3*3.91*10^3);
+Vdgq=Vdsq-Vgsq;
+printf("Vgsq = %0.2fV\nVdsq = %0.2fV\nVdgq = %0.3f V\n",Vgsq,Vdsq,Vdgq);
+printf("Vdgq>Vd.Hence the FET is in the pinch off region");
+
+// Result
+// FET operates in the pinch off region
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d05a7bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.56/example7_56.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Id = 4.72e+000 A or 3.39e+000 A
+A value of 3.39 mA is selected
+Vgsq = -0.17V
+Vdsq = 10.75V
+Vdgq = 10.915 V
+Vdgq>Vd.Hence the FET is in the pinch off region
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..698f9309c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Calculate voltage gain Av
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-57 in page 359
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+gm=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mA/V
+rd=10*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+C=0.025*10^-6; // Capacitance in microF
+
+// Calculation
+Rl=(30*30)/(30+30);
+Av=(-gm*rd*Rl*10^3)/(Rl+rd);
+f1=1/(2*%pi*37.5*10^3*C);
+Avl=Av/sqrt(1+(f1/(5*10^3))^2);
+printf("(a)Av = %0.0f\n(b)Avl = %0.2f",Av,Avl);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Av = -30
+// (b) Avl = -29.94
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a986a5cf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.57/example7_57.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(a)Av = -30
+(b)Avl = -29.94
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..564599556 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Design a source follower
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-59 in page 361
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+Vds=14; // Drain-source voltage in V
+Idq=3*10^-3; // Drain-source current in mA
+Vdd=20; // Drain voltage in V
+gm=2*10^-3; // Transconductance in mS
+rd=50*10^3; // Dynamic resistance in K-ohms
+Vgs=-1.5; // Gate-source voltage in V
+
+// Calculation
+R=(20-14)/Idq;
+R1=Vgs/-Idq;
+R2=R-R1;
+Ro=1/gm;
+Av=R/(R+Ro);
+R_1=1/(1-(Av*(R2/R)));
+printf("R1 = %0.1e ohms\nR2 = %0.1e ohms\nRo = %0.1e ohms\n",R1,R2,Ro);
+printf("Av = %0.1f*Av1\n",Av);
+printf("Effective input resistance R1 = %0.1f*R3",R_1);
+
+// Result
+// R1 = 0.5 K
+// R2 = 1.5 K
+// Ro = 0.5 K
+// Av = 0.8*Av'
+// R1(effective) = 2.5*R3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bcea73b1a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.59/example7_59.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + R1 = 5.0e+002 ohms
+R2 = 1.5e+003 ohms
+Ro = 5.0e+002 ohms
+Av = 0.8*Av1
+Effective input resistance R1 = 2.5*R3
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce b/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f066ccb26 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Find gain if v2,v1 are zero
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 7-6 in page 315
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given data
+mu=30; // FET parameter
+rd=15; // Resistance value in k-ohms
+Rd=1; // Drain resistance value in k-ohms
+Rs=0.5; // Source resistance in k-ohms
+
+// Calculation
+Av1=(-mu*(rd+Rd))/(Rd+((mu+1)^2*Rs)+((mu+2)*rd));
+Av2=((mu/(mu+1))*(((mu+1)*Rs)+rd))/(((Rd+rd)/(mu+1))+((mu+1)*Rs)+rd);
+printf("(a)Av when v2 is zero = %0.3f\n",Av1);
+printf("(b)Av when v1 is zero = %0.3f",Av2);
+
+// Result
+// (a) Av1 = -0.499
+// (b) Av2 = 0.952
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.txt b/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e535935cc --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + (a)Av when v2 is zero = -0.499
+(b)Av when v1 is zero = 0.952
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ed7092e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Calculate the Gate Source Resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-1 in page 376
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+P=0.5; // Value of Allowable Gate Power Dissipation in watt
+Es=14; // Trigger Source Voltage in V
+slope=130; // Slope of Gate-Cathode Characteristic line
+
+// Calculations
+Ig=sqrt(P/slope);
+Vg=slope*Ig;
+Rs=(Es-Vg)/Ig;
+
+printf("(a)The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is %0.2e ohm \n",Rs);
+printf("(b)The value of the Gate Voltage is %0.2e V \n",Vg);
+printf("(c)The value of the Gate Current is %0.2e A \n",Ig);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is 95.3 ohm
+// (b) The value of the Gate Voltage is 8.06 V
+// (c) The value of the Gate Current is 62 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..322c21343 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is 9.57e+001 ohm
+(b)The value of the Gate Voltage is 8.06e+000 V
+(c)The value of the Gate Current is 6.20e-002 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7cc002d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +// Design of Triggering Circuit for a UJT
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-10 in page 390
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Vs=30; // DC source voltage in V
+eta=0.51; // Intrinsic stand off ratio
+Ip=10*10^-6; // Peak Emitter current of UJT in mu-A
+Vv=3.5; // Valley voltage in V
+Iv=10*10^-3; // Valley current in A
+f=60; // Source frequency in Hz
+tg=50*10^-6; // width of triggering pulse in seconds
+C=0.5*10^-6; // Assumption for circuit Capacitance in mu-F
+Vd=0.5; // Fixed value of Vb in V
+
+// Calculations
+Vp=(eta*Vs)+Vd;
+Rlow=(Vs-Vp)/Ip;
+Rup=(Vs-Vv)/Iv;
+tou=1/f;
+R=(tou/C)*(1/log(1/(1-eta)));
+Rb1=tg/C;
+Rb2=10^4/(eta*Vs);
+
+printf("(a)The value of Base-1 Resistance of UJT is %0.2f ohm \n",Rb1);
+printf("(b)The value of Base-2 Resistance of UJT is %0.2f ohm \n",Rb2);
+printf("(c)Circuit resistance of the arrangement is %0.2e ohm \n",R);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of Base-1 Resistance of UJT is 100 ohm
+// (b) The value of Base-2 Resistance of UJT is 654 ohm
+// (c) Circuit resistance of the arrangement is 46.7 K-ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8fa8dc18c --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)The value of Base-1 Resistance of UJT is 100.00 ohm
+(b)The value of Base-2 Resistance of UJT is 653.59 ohm
+(c)Circuit resistance of the arrangement is 4.67e+004 ohm
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30b2ccf70 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// To determine Emitter source voltage of UJT
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-11 in page 391
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Re=1*10^3; // Emitter Resistance of UJT in ohm
+Iv=5*10^-3; // Valley current of UJT in A
+Vv=2; // Valley voltage of UJT in V
+
+// Calculations
+Ve=Vv;
+Ie=Iv;
+Vee=(Ie*Re)+Ve;
+
+printf("The value of Emitter source voltage of UJT for turn-off is %0.2f V",Vee);
+
+// Results
+// The value of Emitter source voltage of UJT for turn-off is 7 V
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..06346a0b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The value of Emitter source voltage of UJT for turn-off is 7 V.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30fb95a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Firing angle of Thyristor
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-2 in page 377
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Il=50^10*-3; // Latching current of the Thyristor in mA
+t=50^10*-6; // Duration of firing pulse in second
+Es=50; // DC voltage of the circuit in V
+R=10; // Resistance of the circuit in ohm
+L=0.25; // Inductance of the circuit in H
+e=2.718282; // Constant of calculation
+
+// Calculations
+tou=0.025;
+i=(Es/R)*(1-exp((-(50*10^-6))/tou));
+printf("(a) i = %0.3e A\n",i);
+
+if(i<Il)
+ printf("Since the Gate current is less than Latching Current, SCR will not get fired \n");
+else
+ printf("Since the Gate current is more than Latching Current, SCR will get fired \n");
+end
+
+// Results
+// SCR will not get fired in the Circuit
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..240b705cf --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a) i = 9.990e-003 A
+Since the Gate current is more than Latching Current, SCR will get fired
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..411795964 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Calculate width of Gating pulse
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-3 in page 377
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Il=4*10^-3; // Latching current of SCR in A
+V=100; // DC voltage of the circuit in V
+L=0.1; // Inductance of the circuit in H
+
+// Calculations
+t=(L/V)*Il;
+
+printf("Required width of the gating pulse is %0.2e s",t);
+
+// Results
+// Required width of the gating pulse is 4 mu-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a960923a --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Required width of the gating pulse is 4.00e-006 s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f18357eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// To calculate required Gate source Resistance
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-4 in page 378
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+P=0.012; // Value of Allowable Gate Power Dissipation in watt
+Es=10; // Trigger Source Voltage in V
+slope=3*10^3; // Slope of Gate-Cathode Characteristic line
+
+// Calculations
+Ig=sqrt(P/slope);
+Vg=slope*Ig;
+Rs=(Es-Vg)/Ig;
+
+printf("(a)The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is %0.0f ohm \n",Rs);
+printf("(b)The value of the Gate Voltage is %0.2e V \n",Vg);
+printf("(c)The value of the Gate Current is %0.2e A \n",Ig);
+
+
+// Results
+// (a) The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is 2 K-ohm
+// (b) The value of the Gate Voltage is 6 V
+// (c) The value of the Gate Current is 2 mA
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a5fbdaa11 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +(a)The value of Gate Resistance for the Circuit is 2000 ohm
+(b)The value of the Gate Voltage is 6.00e+000 V
+(c)The value of the Gate Current is 2.00e-003 A
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac84fbf51 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// To calculate series Resistance across SCR
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-5 in page 378
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Ig_min=0.5; // Minimum gate current for quick ON, in A
+Vs=15; // Gate source voltage in V
+slope=16; // Slope of Gate-Cathode Characteristic line
+
+// Calculations
+Vg=slope*Ig_min;
+Rg=(Vs-Vg)/Ig_min;
+
+printf("The value of Gate Resistance is %0.2f ohm \n",Rg);
+
+// Results
+// The value of Gate Resistance is 14 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2df754040 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +The value of Gate Resistance is 14 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..927a94f5f --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// To determine critical value of dv/dt
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-6 in page 379
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+ij2=32*10^-3; // Limiting value of the charging current in A
+Cj2=40*10^-12; // Capacitance of reverse biased junction J2 in F
+
+// Calculations
+dv_dt=ij2/Cj2;
+
+printf("The value of dv/dt of the given SCR is %0.2e volt/second \n",dv_dt);
+
+// Results
+// The value of dv/dt of the given SCR is 800 V/mu-s
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..80e4dda49 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +The value of dv/dt of the given SCR is 8.00e+008 volt/second
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a5b2d4aa --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Calculate surge current & I2t ratings
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-7 in page 379
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+ish=3000; // half cycle surge current rating of SCR in A
+f=50; // Frequency of operation of supply in Hz
+
+// Calculations
+I=ish*sqrt(2*f)/sqrt(4*f);
+I2t_rate=(I*I)/(2*f);
+
+printf("(a)The surge current rating of one cycle for the SCR is %0.2f A \n",I);
+printf("(b)The I2t rating of one cycle for the SCR is %0.2f A^2-second \n",I2t_rate);
+
+// Results
+// (a) The surge current rating of one cycle for the SCR is 2121.32 A
+// (b) The I2t rating of one cycle for the SCR is 45000 A^2-second
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..970a52106 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a)The surge current rating of one cycle for the SCR is 2121.32 A
+(b)The I2t rating of one cycle for the SCR is 45000.00 A^2-second
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce b/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0080c08d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Max and Min firing delays
+// Basic Electronics
+// By Debashis De
+// First Edition, 2010
+// Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. India
+// Example 8-8 in page 386
+
+clear; clc; close;
+
+// Given Data
+Vc=40; // Breakdown voltage of DIAC in V
+C=470*10^-9; // Capacitance in nF
+E=240; // Rms voltage at 50 Hz in V
+omga=2*%pi*50; // Angular frequency
+
+// Calculation
+printf("When DIAC is not conducting:\n")
+A=asind(40/335.8)+8.4;
+Z=1/(omga*C);
+R1=atand(1/(omga*1000*C));
+Zd=sqrt(R1^(2+(1/omga^2*C^2)));
+printf("Minimum delay = %0.2f degrees\n\n",A);
+printf("When DIAC conducts:\n");
+A1=asind(40/88.6)+74.84;
+printf("Maximum delay = %0.2f degrees",A1);
+
+// Result
+// Minimum delay = 15.24 degrees
+// Maximum delay = 101.6 degrees
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.txt b/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..adfbe88f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/181/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +When DIAC is not conducting:
+Minimum delay = 15.24 degrees
+
+When DIAC conducts:
+Maximum delay = 101.68 degrees
\ No newline at end of file |