Merge pull request #1 from prashantsinalkar/masterHEADmaster

Initial commit

16 files changed, 4728 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/1-Survey_of_Units_and_Dimensions.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/1-Survey_of_Units_and_Dimensions.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa77488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/1-Survey_of_Units_and_Dimensions.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 1: Survey of Units and Dimensions"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.1: Force_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"gc=32.1739 //lbm ft/lbf s^2\n",
+"m=10 //lbm\n",
+"a=10 //ft/s^2\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"F=m*a/gc\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Force to accelerate = %.3f lbf',F)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.2: Force_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"gc=32.1739 //lbm ft/lbf s^2\n",
+"m=10 //lbm\n",
+"a=gc //ft/s^2\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"F=m*a/gc\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Force to accelerate = %d lbf',F)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.3: velocity_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"v=88 //ft/s\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"v2=v*3600/5280\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('velocity = %d mph',v2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.4: velocity_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"v=88 //ft/s\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"v2=v*1/5280*3600\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('velocity = %d mph',v2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.5: Force_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"F=5e-9 //lbf/ft^2 hr\n",
+"g=32.1739\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"F2=F*3600*g\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Force without dimensions = %.2e lbm/ft sec',F2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 1.6: density_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"rho=62.305 //lbf/ft^2\n",
+"g=32.1739 //ft/s^2\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"gam=rho/g\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Density of water in this system = %.3f lbf/ft^2',gam)\n",
+"printf('\n Specific weight = %.3f lbf/ft^2',rho)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/10-The_Pvt_relationships.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/10-The_Pvt_relationships.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07874fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/10-The_Pvt_relationships.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 10: The Pvt relationships"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.1: Pressure_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"T1=212+460 //R\n",
+"sv=0.193 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"M=44\n",
+"a=924.2 //atm ft^2 /mole^2\n",
+"b=0.685 //ft^3/mol\n",
+"R=0.73 //atm ft^3/R mol\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"v=sv*M\n",
+"p=R*T1/v\n",
+"p2=R*T1/(v-b) -a/v^2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('For ideal gas case, Table B-6 and for vanderwaals case, Table B-8 have been used')\n",
+"printf('\n In vanderwaals equation, pressure = %.1f atm',p2)\n",
+"printf('\n In ideal gas case, pressure = %.1f atm',p)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.2: volume_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"p=50.9 //atm\n",
+"t=212+460 //R\n",
+"R=0.73\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"pc=72.9 //atm\n",
+"tc=87.9 +460 //R\n",
+"pr=p/pc\n",
+"Tr=t/tc\n",
+"z=0.88\n",
+"v=z*R*t/p\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('volume = %.3f ft^3/mole',v)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 10.3: Pressure_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t=212+460 //R\n",
+"v=0.193 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"M=44\n",
+"R=0.73\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"tc=87.9+460 //F\n",
+"zc=0.275\n",
+"vc=1.51 //ft^3/mol\n",
+"tr=t/tc\n",
+"vr=v*M/vc\n",
+"vrd=vr*zc\n",
+"z=0.88\n",
+"p=z*R*t/(M*v)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Pressure = %.1f atm',p)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/11-The_Ideal_gas_and_mixture_relationships.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/11-The_Ideal_gas_and_mixture_relationships.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbb9ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/11-The_Ideal_gas_and_mixture_relationships.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 11: The Ideal gas and mixture relationships"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.10: Entropy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T2=546.6 //R\n",
+"T1=520 //R\n",
+"T3=560 //R\n",
+"v2=1389.2\n",
+"v1=186.2\n",
+"R0=1.986\n",
+"c1=5.02\n",
+"c2=4.97\n",
+"n1=1\n",
+"n2=2\n",
+"v3=1203\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"ds1=n1*c1*log(T2/T1) + n1*R0*log(v2/v1)\n",
+"ds2=n2*c2*log(T2/T3)+n2*R0*log(v2/v3)\n",
+"ds=ds1+ds2\n",
+"ds3=n1*c1*log(T2/T1)+n2*c2*log(T2/T3)\n",
+"ds4=n2*R0*log(v2/v3)+ n1*R0*log(v2/v1)\n",
+"dss=ds3+ds4\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in  entropy for gas 1 = %.3f Btu/R',ds1)\n",
+"printf('\n Change in  entropy for gas 1 = %.3f Btu/R',ds2)\n",
+"printf('\n Net change in entropy = %.3f Btu/R',ds)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, change in entropy = %.3f Btu/R',dss)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in the textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.11: Entropy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m1=1 //lbm\n",
+"m2=0.94 //lbm\n",
+"M1=29\n",
+"M2=18\n",
+"p1=50 //psia\n",
+"p2=100 //psia\n",
+"t1=250 +460 //R\n",
+"R0=1.986\n",
+"cpa=6.96\n",
+"cpb=8.01\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"xa = (m1/M1)/((m1/M1)+ m2/M2)\n",
+"xb=1-xa\n",
+"t2=t1*(p2/p1)^(R0/(xa*cpa+xb*cpb))\n",
+"d=R0/(xa*cpa+xb*cpb)\n",
+"k=1/(1-d)\n",
+"dsa=cpa*log(t2/t1) -R0*log(p2/p1)\n",
+"dSa=(m1/M1)*dsa\n",
+"dSw=-dSa\n",
+"dsw=dSw*M2/m2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Final remperature = %d R',t2)\n",
+"printf('\n Change in entropy of air = %.3f btu/mole R and %.5f Btu/R',dsa,dSa)\n",
+"printf('\n Change in entropy of water = %.4f btu/mole R and %.5f Btu/R',dsw,dSw)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.12: Volume_and_mass_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T=250 + 460 //R\n",
+"p=29.825 //psia\n",
+"pt=50 //psia\n",
+"vg=13.821 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"R=10.73\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"pa=pt-p\n",
+"V=1/M *R*T/pa\n",
+"ma=V/vg\n",
+"xa=p/pt\n",
+"mb=xa/M *18/(1-xa)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('In case 1, volume occupied = %.2f ft^3',V)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 1, mass of steam = %.2f lbm steam',ma)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, mass of steam = %.3f lbm steam',mb)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.13: Percentage_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"ps=0.64 //psia\n",
+"p=14.7 //psia\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"M2=46\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"xa=ps/p\n",
+"mb=xa*9/M *M2/(1-xa)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('percentage = %.1f percent',mb*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.14: Partial_Pressure_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"ps=0.5069 //psia\n",
+"p=20 //psia\n",
+"m1=0.01\n",
+"m2=1\n",
+"M1=18\n",
+"M2=29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"xw= (m1/M1)/(m1/M1+m2/M2)\n",
+"pw=xw*p\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('partial pressure of water vapor = %.3f psia',pw)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.1: Work_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n=1.3\n",
+"T1=460+60 //R\n",
+"P1=14.7 //psia\n",
+"P2=125 //psia\n",
+"R=1545\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"T2=T1*(P2/P1)^((n-1)/n)\n",
+"wrev=R/M *(T2-T1)/(1-n)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Work done = %d ft-lbf/lbm',wrev)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.2: Kinetic_energy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P2=10 //psia\n",
+"P1=100 //psia\n",
+"T1=900 //R\n",
+"w=50 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"k=1.39\n",
+"cp=0.2418\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"T2=T1*(P2/P1)^((k-1)/k)\n",
+"T2=477\n",
+"KE=-w-cp*(T2-T1)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in kinetic energy = %.1f Btu/lbm',KE)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.3: Temperature_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T1=900 //R\n",
+"P1=100 //psia\n",
+"P2=10 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-9')\n",
+"pr1=8.411\n",
+"pr2=pr1*P2/P1\n",
+"T2=468 //R\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Final temperature = %d R ',T2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.4: Temperature_work_and_Enthalpy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cr=6\n",
+"p1=14.7 //psia\n",
+"t1=60.3 //F\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"R=1.986\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('from table b-9')\n",
+"vr1=158.58 \n",
+"u1=88.62 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"pr1=1.2147\n",
+"vr2=vr1/cr\n",
+"T2=1050 //R\n",
+"u2=181.47 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"pr2=14.686\n",
+"p2=p1*(pr2/pr1)\n",
+"dw=u1-u2\n",
+"h2=u2+T2*R/M\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('final temperature = %d R',T2)\n",
+"printf('\n final pressure = %.1f psia',p2)\n",
+"printf('\n work done = %.2f Btu/lbm',dw)\n",
+"printf('\n final enthalpy = %.1f Btu/lbm',h2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.5: Weight_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m1=10 //lbm\n",
+"m2=15 //lnm\n",
+"p=50 //psia\n",
+"t=60+460 //R\n",
+"M1=32\n",
+"M2=28.02\n",
+"R0=10.73 \n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"n1=m1/M1\n",
+"n2=m2/M2\n",
+"x1=n1/(n1+n2)\n",
+"x2=n2/(n1+n2)\n",
+"M=x1*M1+x2*M2\n",
+"R=R0/M\n",
+"V=(n1+n2)*R0*t/p\n",
+"rho=p/(R0*t)\n",
+"rho2=M*rho\n",
+"p1=x1*p\n",
+"p2=x2*p\n",
+"v1=x1*V\n",
+"v2=x2*V\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('part a')\n",
+"printf('Mole fractions of oxygen and nitrogen are %.3f and %.3f respectively',x1,x2)\n",
+"disp('part b')\n",
+"printf('Average molecular weight = %.1f ',M)\n",
+"disp('part c')\n",
+"printf('specific gas constant = %.4f psia ft^3/lbm R',R)\n",
+"disp('part d')\n",
+"printf('volume of mixture = %.1f ft^3',V)\n",
+"printf('density of mixture is %.5f mole/ft^3 and %.2f lbm/ft^3',rho,rho2)\n",
+"disp('part e')\n",
+"printf('partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen are %.2f psia and %.2f psia respectively' ,p1,p2)\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m1=10 //lbm\n",
+"m2=15 //lnm\n",
+"p=50 //psia\n",
+"t=60+460 //R\n",
+"M1=32\n",
+"M2=28.02\n",
+"R0=10.73 \n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"n1=m1/M1\n",
+"n2=m2/M2\n",
+"x1=n1/(n1+n2)\n",
+"x2=n2/(n1+n2)\n",
+"M=x1*M1+x2*M2\n",
+"R=1545/M\n",
+"V=(n1+n2)*R0*t/p\n",
+"rho=p/(R0*t)\n",
+"rho2=M*rho\n",
+"p1=x1*p\n",
+"p2=x2*p\n",
+"v1=x1*V\n",
+"v2=x2*V\n",
+"pt=p1+p2\n",
+"vt=v1+v2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('part a')\n",
+"printf('Mole fractions of oxygen and nitrogen are %.3f and %.3f respectively',x1,x2)\n",
+"disp('part b')\n",
+"printf('Average molecular weight = %.1f ',M)\n",
+"disp('part c')\n",
+"printf('specific gas constant = %.4f lbf ft/lbm R',R)\n",
+"disp('part d')\n",
+"printf('volume of mixture = %.1f ft^3',V)\n",
+"printf('\n density of mixture is %.5f mole/ft^3 and %.3f lbm/ft^3',rho,rho2)\n",
+"disp('part e')\n",
+"printf('partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen are %.2f psia and %.2f psia respectively' ,p1,p2)\n",
+"printf('\n partial volumes of oxygen and nitrogen are %.2f ft^3 and %.2f ft^3 respectively',v1,v2)\n",
+"printf('\n Net partial pressure in case of oxygen = %.2f psia',pt)\n",
+"printf('\n Net partial volume =%.2f ft^3',vt)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.6: Analysis_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"\n",
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m1=5.28\n",
+"m2=1.28\n",
+"m3=23.52\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"m=m1+m2+m3\n",
+"x1=m1/m\n",
+"x2=m2/m\n",
+"x3=m3/m\n",
+"C=12/44 *m1/ m\n",
+"O=(32/44 *m1 + m2)/m\n",
+"N=m3/m\n",
+"sum1=(x1+x2+x3)*100\n",
+"sum2=(C+N+O)*100\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('From gravimetric analysis, co2 = %.1f percent , o2 = %.1f percent and n2 = %.1f percent',x1*100,x2*100,x3*100)\n",
+"printf('\n From ultimate analysis, co2 = %.2f percent , o2 = %.2f percent and n2 = %.2f percent',C*100,O*100,N*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Sum in case 1 = %.1f percent',sum1)\n",
+"printf('\n Sum in case 2 = %.1f percent',sum2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.7: Entropy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x1=1/3\n",
+"n1=1\n",
+"n2=2\n",
+"x2=2/3\n",
+"p=12.7 //psia\n",
+"cp1=7.01 //Btu/mole R\n",
+"cp2=6.94 //Btu/mole R\n",
+"R0=1.986\n",
+"T2=460+86.6 //R\n",
+"T1=460 //R\n",
+"p0=14.7 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"p1=x1*p\n",
+"p2=x2*p\n",
+"ds1= cp1*log(T2/T1) - R0*log(p1/p0)\n",
+"ds2= cp2*log(T2/T1) - R0*log(p2/p0)\n",
+"S=n1*ds1+n2*ds2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Entropy of mixture = %.2f Btu/R',S)\n",
+"printf('\n the answer given in textbook is wrong. please check using a calculator')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.8: Internal_energy_and_entropy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"c1=4.97 //Btu/mol R\n",
+"c2=5.02 //Btu/mol R\n",
+"n1=2\n",
+"n2=1\n",
+"T1=86.6+460 //R\n",
+"T2=50+460 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"du=(n1*c1+n2*c2)*(T2-T1)\n",
+"ds=(n1*c1+n2*c2)*log(T2/T1)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in internal energy = %d Btu',du)\n",
+"printf('\n Change in entropy = %.3f Btu/R',ds)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 11.9: Pressure_and_temperature_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n1=1\n",
+"n2=2\n",
+"c1=5.02\n",
+"c2=4.97\n",
+"t1=60 //F\n",
+"t2=100 //F\n",
+"R0=10.73\n",
+"p1=30 //psia\n",
+"p2=10 //psia\n",
+"//calcualtions\n",
+"t=(n1*c1*t1+n2*c2*t2)/(n1*c1+n2*c2)\n",
+"V1= n1*R0*(t1+460)/p1\n",
+"V2=n2*R0*(t2+460)/p2\n",
+"V=V1+V2\n",
+"pm=(n1+n2)*R0*(t+460)/V\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Pressure of mixture = %.1f psia',pm)\n",
+"printf('\n Mixing temperature = %.1f F',t)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/12-Non_steady_flow_friction_and_availability.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/12-Non_steady_flow_friction_and_availability.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bfe834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/12-Non_steady_flow_friction_and_availability.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 12: Non steady flow friction and availability"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.1: Work_done_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p1=100 //psia\n",
+"p2=14.7 //psia\n",
+"k=1.4\n",
+"T1=700 //R\n",
+"R=10.73/29\n",
+"V=50\n",
+"cv=0.171\n",
+"cp=0.24\n",
+"R2=1.986/29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"T2=T1/ (p1/p2)^((k-1)/k)\n",
+"m1=p1*V/(R*T1)\n",
+"m2=p2*V/(R*T2)\n",
+"Wrev= cv*(m1*T1 - m2*T2) - (m1-m2)*(T2)*cp\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Work done in case 1 = %d Btu',Wrev)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.2: Friction_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p1=100 //psia\n",
+"p2=10 //psia\n",
+"n=1.3\n",
+"T1=800 //R\n",
+"cv=0.172\n",
+"R=1.986/29\n",
+"T0=537 //R\n",
+"cp=0.24\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((n-1)/n)\n",
+"dwir=cv*(T1-T2)\n",
+"dwr=R*(T2-T1)/(1-n)\n",
+"dq=dwr-dwir\n",
+"dI=-T0*(cp*log(T2/T1) - R*log(p2/p1))\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('The friction of the process per pound of air = %.1f Btu/lbm',dq)\n",
+"printf('\n Loss of available energy = %.2f Btu/lbm',dI)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.3: Energy_loss_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"ms=10 //lbm\n",
+"den=62.3 //lbm/ft^3\n",
+"A1=0.0218 //ft^2\n",
+"A2=0.00545 //ft^2\n",
+"p2=50 //psia\n",
+"p1=100 //psia\n",
+"gc=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"dz=30 //ft\n",
+"T0=537 //R\n",
+"T1=620 //R\n",
+"T2=420 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"V1=ms/(A1*den)\n",
+"V2=ms/(A2*den)\n",
+"df=-144/den*(p2-p1) - (V2^2 -V1^2)/(2*gc) - dz\n",
+"dI=-T0/T1 *df\n",
+"dI2= -T0/T2 *df\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Friction = %.1f ft-lbf/lbm',df)\n",
+"printf('\n Available energy loss in case a = %.1f ft-lbf/lbm',dI)\n",
+"printf('\n Available energy loss in case b = %.1f ft-lbf/lbm',dI2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.4: Pressure_drop_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"r=2.5 //in\n",
+"mf=160 //cfm\n",
+"rho=1/14\n",
+"mu=0.0000121\n",
+"v=14 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"g=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"z=100 //ft\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"A=3.14*(r/12)^2\n",
+"V=mf/A /60\n",
+"Re=(2*r/12)*V*rho/mu\n",
+"disp('From fig 12.4,')\n",
+"f=0.0225/4\n",
+"dp=4*f*(rho)*(V/v)^2 /(2*g*(2*r/12)) *z\n",
+"//dp=2.32\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Pressure drop = %.2f lbf/ft^2 100 ft',dp)\n",
+"disp('The answer in the textbook is wrong. Please use a calculator to verify it.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.5: Mass_rate_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"D=0.0724 //ft\n",
+"gc=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"rho=1/14\n",
+"L=100 //ft\n",
+"mu2=1.46*10^(-10)\n",
+"dp=2.32\n",
+"dia=5 //in\n",
+"rho2=48500\n",
+"vol=14 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"ref=D^3 *2*dp*gc*rho/(mu2*L)\n",
+"mf=rho2*%pi/4 *(dia/12) *sqrt(mu2)\n",
+"mfr=mf*vol*60\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Mass rate of air flow = %d cfm',mfr)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.6: Loss_and_effectiveness_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cp=0.25\n",
+"T=3460 //R\n",
+"T0=520 //R\n",
+"dG=1228 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"hf=cp*(T-T0)-T0*cp*log(T/T0)\n",
+"dC=hf-dG\n",
+"Ec=hf/dG\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Loss of available energy = %d Btu/lbm mixture ',dC)\n",
+"printf('\n Effectiveness of combustion = %.3f ',Ec)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.7: Loss_and_effectiveness_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cp1=0.25\n",
+"T=3460 //R\n",
+"T0=946.2 //R\n",
+"T00=520 //R\n",
+"dG=1228 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"cp=0.45\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dqa=cp1*(T-T0)\n",
+"w=cp*dqa\n",
+"hf=cp1*(T-T00)-T00*cp1*log(T/T00)\n",
+"heat=w-hf\n",
+"eff=w/hf\n",
+"epower=w/dG\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Loss of available energy = %.1f Btu/lbm mixture ',heat)\n",
+"printf('\n Efficiency of cycle = %.3f ',eff)\n",
+"printf('\n Effectiveness of overall cycle = %.2f',epower)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 12.8: Loss_and_effectiveness_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p1=400 //psia\n",
+"t1=600 //F\n",
+"h1=1306.9 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"b1=480.9 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"p2=50 //psia\n",
+"h2=1122 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"h3=1169.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"b3=310.9 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('All the values are obtained from Mollier chart,')\n",
+"dw13=h1-h3\n",
+"dw12=h1-h2\n",
+"dasf=b3-b1\n",
+"etae=dw13/dw12\n",
+"eta=abs(dw13/dasf)\n",
+"dq=dw13+dasf\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Engine efficiency = %.1f percent',etae*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Effectiveness = %.1f percent',eta*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Loss of available energy  = %.1f Btu/lbm',dq)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/13-Fluid_Flow.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/13-Fluid_Flow.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4f1534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/13-Fluid_Flow.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 13: Fluid Flow"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.10: Thrust_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"M1=0.5\n",
+"M2=1\n",
+"A1=0.5 //ft^2\n",
+"A2=1 //ft^2\n",
+"p1=14.7 //psia\n",
+"p2=14.7 //psia\n",
+"k=1.4\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"thru=p2*144*A2*(1+k*M2^2)-p1*144*A1*(1+k*M1^2)\n",
+"net=thru-p1*144*(A2-A1)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Internal thrust = %d lbf',thru)\n",
+"printf('\n Net thrust = %d lbf',net)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.11: Mass_flow_rate_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p1=50 //psia\n",
+"pr=0.58\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"p=p1*pr\n",
+"s1=1.6585\n",
+"h1=1174.1 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"sf=0.3680\n",
+"sfg=1.3313\n",
+"hfg=945.3\n",
+"vg=13.746\n",
+"hf=218.82\n",
+"x= (s1-sf)/sfg\n",
+"v2=vg*x\n",
+"h2=hf+x*hfg\n",
+"V2rev=223.77*sqrt(h1-h2)\n",
+"m=%pi/4 *1/144 *V2rev/v2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('mass flow rate = %.3f lbm/sec',m)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.12: Mass_flow_rate_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"k=1.31\n",
+"p1=7200 //lbf/ft^2\n",
+"v1=8.515 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"pr=0.6\n",
+"m1=0.574\n",
+"T1=741 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"V2rev=8.02*sqrt(k/(k-1) *p1*v1*(1- (pr)^((k-1)/k)))\n",
+"v2=v1*(1/pr)^(1/k)\n",
+"m=%pi/4 *1/144 *V2rev/v2\n",
+"C=m/m1\n",
+"T2=T1*(0.887)\n",
+"t=250+460 //R\n",
+"dt=t-T2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Mass flow rate = %.3f lbm/sec',m)\n",
+"printf('\n Meta stable under cooling = %d F',dt)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.13: Area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"C=0.98\n",
+"m=1\n",
+"v=12.55 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"V=1372 //ft/s\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"A=m*v/(C*V) *144\n",
+"D=sqrt(A*4/%pi)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Area = %.3f in^2',A)\n",
+"printf('\n diameter = %.2f in',D)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.14: Area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"nn=0.95\n",
+"p1=50 //psia\n",
+"p2=30 //psia\n",
+"v1=8.515\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"cv=sqrt(nn)\n",
+"V2rev=1372\n",
+"V2act=cv*V2rev\n",
+"n=1.283\n",
+"v2=v1*(p1/p2)^(1/n)\n",
+"A=m*v2/V2act *144\n",
+"D=sqrt(A*4/%pi)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Area = %.2f in^2',A)\n",
+"printf('\n diameter = %.3f in',D)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.15: Area_of_discharge_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"dFf=110.5 //ft-lbf/lbm\n",
+"Vd=1028 //ft/s\n",
+"gc=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"p0=100 //psia\n",
+"k=1.4\n",
+"v0=2.08\n",
+"p1=55 //psia\n",
+"p2=99.2 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dFe=0.01*Vd^2 /(2*gc)\n",
+"dF=dFf+dFe\n",
+"V2ig=(p0*144)^(1/k) *v0/(1-1/k) *((p1*144)^(1-1/k) -(p2*144)^(1-1/k))\n",
+"C2=(V2ig+dF)/V2ig\n",
+"C=sqrt(C2)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Coefficient of discharge = %.3f ',C)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.16: Pressure_drop_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"dL=1/6 //ft\n",
+"mf=0.430 //lbm/sec\n",
+"rho=62.4 \n",
+"gc=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"d=0.81/12 //ft\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"V=mf*4/(rho*%pi)\n",
+"VD=V/dL^2\n",
+"Vd=1.92 //ft/s\n",
+"dFf=0.031/(2*gc) *2.31\n",
+"dFe=0.04*Vd^2 /(2*gc)\n",
+"dF=dFf+dFe\n",
+"dp=rho*(3.5/(2*gc) +dF)\n",
+"vd22=(2*gc)/rho *dp /(1-(d/dL)^4)\n",
+"vd2=sqrt(vd22)\n",
+"C=Vd/vd2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Pressure drop in the nozzle = %.2f lbf/ft^2',dp)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of discharge = %.3f ',C)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.17: Mass_flow_rate_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"K=0.6003\n",
+"Y1=0.91\n",
+"D1=6.065\n",
+"D2=1.820\n",
+"rho1=0.156\n",
+"p1=30\n",
+"p2=20.18\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"bet=D2/D1\n",
+"m=0.525*K*Y1 *D2^2 *sqrt(rho1*(p1-p2))\n",
+"C=K*sqrt(1-bet^4)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('mass flow rate = %.3f lbm/sec',m)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of discharge = %.3f',C)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.1: Velocity_and_area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"h1=1329.1 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"v1=6.218 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"J=778\n",
+"g=32.174\n",
+"m=1\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"p=[80 60 54.6 40 20]\n",
+"h=[ 1304.1 1273.8 1265 1234.2 1174.8]\n",
+"v=[ 7.384 9.208 9.844 12.554 21.279]\n",
+"Fc=1\n",
+"V2=Fc*sqrt(2*J*g*(h1-h))\n",
+"A=m*v ./V2\n",
+"V2=[0 V2]\n",
+"A=[0 A]\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('velocity (ft/s)= ')\n",
+"disp(V2 )\n",
+"disp('Area (ft^2)= ')\n",
+"disp(A)\n",
+"disp('The initial values of velocity and area are 0 and infinity respectively. Since, Infinity in calculations stops the code to display an error. It has been mentioned separately.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.2: Area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n=1.4\n",
+"p1=50 //psia\n",
+"J=778\n",
+"cp=0.24\n",
+"T1=520 //R\n",
+"k=n\n",
+"R=1545/29\n",
+"m=1\n",
+"p2=10 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"rpt=(2/(n+1))^(n/(n-1))\n",
+"pt=p1*rpt\n",
+"Vtrev=223.77*sqrt(cp*T1*(1- rpt^((k-1)/k)))\n",
+"v1=R*T1/p1/144\n",
+"vt=v1*(p1/pt)^(1/k)\n",
+"At=m*vt/Vtrev\n",
+"V2rev=223.77*sqrt(cp*T1*(1-(p2/p1)^((k-1)/k)))\n",
+"v2=v1*(p1/p2)^(1/k)\n",
+"A2=m*v2/V2rev\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Area required = %.5f ft^2',At)\n",
+"printf('\n Area in case 2 at the exit= %.5f ft^2',A2)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.3: Area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"J=778\n",
+"g=32.2\n",
+"pc=54.6 //psia\n",
+"h1=1329.1 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"h2=1265 //btu/lbm\n",
+"V2rev=1790 //ft/s\n",
+"cv=0.99\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"cv2=0.96\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"V2d=cv*V2rev\n",
+"hd=cv^2 *(h1-h2)\n",
+"h2d=h1-hd\n",
+"v2d=9.946\n",
+"A2d=m*v2d/V2d\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Throat area= %.4f ft^2',A2d)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.4: velocity_and_flow_rate_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"zm=0.216\n",
+"pm=62.3 //lbm/ft^2\n",
+"p1=0.0736 //lbm/ft^2\n",
+"g=32.2\n",
+"d=4\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"H=zm*(pm-p1)/12/p1\n",
+"V=sqrt(2*g*H)\n",
+"m=%pi/4 *d^2 *V*p1\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('average velocity = %.1f ft/sec',V)\n",
+"printf('\n mass flow rate = %.1f lbm/sec',m)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.5: Area_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p0=50 //psia\n",
+"T0=520 //R\n",
+"rho0=0.259 //lbm/ft^3\n",
+"p2=10 //psia\n",
+"mf=1 //lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-17,')\n",
+"pr=0.528\n",
+"Tr=0.833\n",
+"rhor=0.634\n",
+"ps=pr*p0\n",
+"Ts=Tr*T0\n",
+"rhos=rho0*rhor\n",
+"Vs=49.1*sqrt(Ts)\n",
+"As=mf/(Vs*rhos)\n",
+"p2r=p2/p0\n",
+"M2=1.71\n",
+"V2=1.487*Vs\n",
+"T2=0.632*Ts\n",
+"A2=As*1.35\n",
+"rho2=rhos*0.317\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Area of throat = %.5f ft^2',As)\n",
+"printf('\n Area of exit = %.5f ft^2',A2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.6: Length_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"M1=0.2\n",
+"M2=0.4\n",
+"D=0.5  //ft\n",
+"f=0.015\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"f1=14.5\n",
+"f2=2.31\n",
+"dl=(f1-f2)*D/f\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Length of pipe = %.1f ft',dl)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.7: Change_in_entropy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"py=20 //psia\n",
+"px=3.55 //psia\n",
+"R=1.986/29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"pr=py/px\n",
+"disp('from table B-19')\n",
+"Mx=2\n",
+"My=0.577\n",
+"pr2=0.721\n",
+"ds=R*log(1/pr2)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in entropy = %.4f Btu/lbm R',ds)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.8: Pressure_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"pi=50 //psia\n",
+"pe=34.6 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-18 and B-17,')\n",
+"pr1=1.35\n",
+"p0f=pi/pr1\n",
+"pfs=0.528*p0f\n",
+"per=pe/pfs\n",
+"Me=0.6\n",
+"p0e=1.19\n",
+"pyx=p0e/pr1\n",
+"Mx=1.64\n",
+"My=0.658\n",
+"px=0.22*pi\n",
+"py=32.9 //psia\n",
+"p2yx=0.852\n",
+"pe2=1.65*pfs\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Mach numbers before and after are %.2f and %.3f respectively',Mx,My)\n",
+"printf('\n Pressure before and after are %.1f psia and %.1f psia',px,py)\n",
+"printf('\n Exhaust pressure = %.1f psia',pe2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 13.9: Heat_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T1=550 //R\n",
+"T2=2660 //R\n",
+"ts1=0.207\n",
+"ts2=0.833\n",
+"cp=0.24\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"Ts=T1/ts1\n",
+"Ts0=T2/ts2\n",
+"disp('From table B-20')\n",
+"tr1=0.529\n",
+"tr2=0.174\n",
+"dq=cp*Ts0*(tr1-tr2)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Heat required = %d Btu/lbm',dq)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/14-Psychrometrics.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/14-Psychrometrics.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51e5eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/14-Psychrometrics.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 14: Psychrometrics"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.10: Approach_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"t1=100 //F\n",
+"t2=75 //F\n",
+"db=65 //F\n",
+"disp('From psychrometric charts,')\n",
+"t11=82 //F\n",
+"phi1=0.4\n",
+"H1=30 //Btu/lbm dry air\n",
+"w1=65 //grains/lbm dry air\n",
+"w2=250 //grains/lbm dry air\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"cr=t1-t2\n",
+"appr=t2-db\n",
+"dmf3=(w2-w1)*0.0001427\n",
+"hf3=68\n",
+"hf4=43\n",
+"H2=62.2\n",
+"H1=30\n",
+"mf4= (H1-H2+ dmf3*hf3)/(hf4-hf3)\n",
+"per=dmf3/(dmf3+mf4)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('cooling range = %d F',cr)\n",
+"printf('\n Approach = %d F',appr)\n",
+"printf('\n amount of water cooled per pound of dry air = %.3f lbm dry air/lbm dry air',mf4)\n",
+"printf('\n percentage of water lost by evaporation = %.2f percent',per*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.11: Heat_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"mfr=1\n",
+"water=900 //gallons\n",
+"t2=110 //F\n",
+"t1=80 //F\n",
+"cp1=1\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"mfa=mfr*water*8.33*60\n",
+"mfc=mfa/(60*0.075)\n",
+"qa=mfa*(t2-t1)\n",
+"dH=qa/(mfc*4.5)\n",
+"dH2=mfr*cp1*(t2-t1)\n",
+"H1=23.73\n",
+"H2=5.08\n",
+"f=3.309\n",
+"lnmean=(H1-H2)/log(H1/H2)\n",
+"dtt=(t2-t1)/lnmean\n",
+"per=25\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('flow rate of air = %d lbm/hr.It is equal to %d cfm',mfa,mfc)\n",
+"printf('\n Total heat transferred = %d Btu/hr',qa)\n",
+"printf('\n Enthalpy = %.1f Btu/lbm dry air',dH)\n",
+"printf('\n Using second method, Enthalpy = %.1f Btu/lbm',dH2)\n",
+"printf('\n Performance factor = %.3f ',f)\n",
+"printf('\n logrithamic mean enthalpy difference = %.2f . Estimated low percentage = %d low',dtt,per)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.1: Pressure_and_density_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t1=80+460 //R\n",
+"ps=0.5069 //psia\n",
+"disp('from steam tables,')\n",
+"vs=633.1 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"phi=0.3\n",
+"R=85.6\n",
+"Ra=53.3\n",
+"p=14.696\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"tdew=46 //F\n",
+"pw=phi*ps\n",
+"rhos=1/vs\n",
+"rhow=phi*rhos\n",
+"rhow2= pw*144/(R*t1)\n",
+"pa=p-pw\n",
+"rhoa= pa*144/(Ra*t1)\n",
+"w=rhow/rhoa\n",
+"mu=phi*(p-ps)/(p-pw)\n",
+"Ws=0.622*(ps/(p-ps))\n",
+"mu2=w/Ws\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('part a')\n",
+"printf('partial pressure of water = %.5f psia',pw)\n",
+"printf('\n dew temperature = %d F',tdew)\n",
+"disp('part b')\n",
+"printf('density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow)\n",
+"printf('\n in case 2, density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow2)\n",
+"printf('\n density of air = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhoa)\n",
+"disp('part c')\n",
+"printf('specific humidity  = %.4f lbm steam/lbm air',w)\n",
+"disp('part d')\n",
+"printf('In method 1, Degree of saturation = %.3f',mu)\n",
+"printf('\n In method 2, Degree of saturation = %.3f',mu2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.2: Moisture_content_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p=14.696 //psia\n",
+"ps=0.0808  //psia\n",
+"ps2=0.5069 //psia\n",
+"phi2=0.5\n",
+"phi=0.6\n",
+"grain=7000\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"pw=phi*ps\n",
+"w1=0.622*pw/(p-pw)\n",
+"pw2=phi2*ps2\n",
+"w2=0.622*pw2/(p-pw2)\n",
+"dw=w2-w1\n",
+"dwg=dw*grain\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('change in moisture content = %.6f lbm water/lbm dry air',dw)\n",
+"printf('\n in grains, change = %.2f grains water/lbm dry air',dwg)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.3: Humidity_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t1=80 //F\n",
+"t2=60 //F\n",
+"p=14.696 //psia\n",
+"ps=0.507 //psia\n",
+"pss=0.256 //psia\n",
+"cp=0.24\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"ws=0.622*pss/(p-pss)\n",
+"w=(cp*(t2-t1) + ws*1060)/(1060+ 0.45*(t1-t2))\n",
+"pw=w*p/(0.622+w)\n",
+"phi=pw/ps\n",
+"td=46 //F\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('\n humidity ratio = %.4f lbm/lbm dry air',w)\n",
+"printf('\n relative humidity  = %.1f percent',phi*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Dew point = %d F',td)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.4: Enthalpy_and_sigma_function_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"W=0.0065  //lbm/lbm of dry air\n",
+"t=80 //F\n",
+"td=60 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"H=0.24*t+W*(1060+0.45*t)\n",
+"sig=H-W*(td-32)\n",
+"Ws=0.0111\n",
+"H2=0.24*td+Ws*(1060+0.45*td)\n",
+"sig2=H2-Ws*(td-32)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('In case 1, enthalpy = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',H)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 1, sigma function = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',sig)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, enthalpy = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',H2)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, sigma function = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',sig2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.5: Enthalpy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t1=30 //F\n",
+"t2=60 //F\n",
+"t3=80 //F\n",
+"W1=0.00206\n",
+"W2=0.01090\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"cm1=0.24+0.45*W1\n",
+"H1=cm1*t1+W1*1060\n",
+"cm2=0.24+0.45*W2\n",
+"H2=cm2*t3+W2*1060\n",
+"hf=t2-32\n",
+"dq=H2-H1-(W2-W1)*hf\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('In case 1, Enthalpy = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',H1)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, Enthalpy = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',H2)\n",
+"printf('\n Heat added = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',dq)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.6: Humidity_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"pw=0.15//psia\n",
+"disp('using psychrometric charts,')\n",
+"tdew=46 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"va=13.74 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
+"rhoa=1/va\n",
+"V=13.74\n",
+"mw=46/7000\n",
+"rhow=mw/V\n",
+"w=0.00657\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('part a')\n",
+"printf('partial pressure of water = %.2f psia',pw)\n",
+"printf('\n dew temperature = %d F',tdew)\n",
+"disp('part b')\n",
+"printf('density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow)\n",
+"printf('\n density of air = %.4f lbm/ft^3',rhoa)\n",
+"disp('part c')\n",
+"printf('specific humidity  = %.5f lbm water/lbm air',w)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.7: Enthalpy_change_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"W1=0.00206 //lbm/lbm dry air\n",
+"W2=0.01090 //lbm/lbm dry air\n",
+"t=60 //F\n",
+"disp('From humidity charts,')\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dw=W1-W2\n",
+"hs=144.4\n",
+"hs2=66.8-32\n",
+"w1=14.4 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"ws1=20 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"w2=76.3 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"ws2=98.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"dwh1=-(w1-ws1)/7000 *hs\n",
+"H1=9.3+dwh1\n",
+"dwh2=(w2-ws2)/7000 *hs2\n",
+"H2=31.3+dwh2\n",
+"dwc=dw*(t-32)\n",
+"dq=H2-H1+dwc\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Enthalpy change = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',dq)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.8: Enthalpy_and_temperature_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"disp('From psychrometric charts at 50 F and 80 F,')\n",
+"va1=13 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
+"va2=13.88 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
+"flow=2000 //cfm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"ma1= flow/va1\n",
+"ma2=flow/va2\n",
+"disp('The two initial states have been multiplied by 108/262 and distance 2-3 is located')\n",
+"t=62.5// F\n",
+"phi=0.83 //percent\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('humidity = %.2f ',phi)\n",
+"printf('\n Temperature = %.1f F',t)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 14.9: Dry_bulb_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t=90 //F\n",
+"ts=67.2 //F\n",
+"phi=0.3\n",
+"per=0.8\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dep=t-ts\n",
+"dt=dep*per\n",
+"tf=t-dt\n",
+"disp('from psychrometric charts,')\n",
+"phi2=0.8\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Dry bulb temperature = %.2f F',tf)\n",
+"printf('\n percent humidity  = %.2f',phi2)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/15-Vapor_cycles_and_processes.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/15-Vapor_cycles_and_processes.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d46abb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/15-Vapor_cycles_and_processes.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 15: Vapor cycles and processes"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.1: Efficiency_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p1=600 //psia\n",
+"p2=0.2563 //psia\n",
+"t1=486.21 //F\n",
+"t2=60 //F\n",
+"fur=0.75\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('from steam tables,')\n",
+"h1=1203.2\n",
+"hf1=471.6\n",
+"hfg1=731.6\n",
+"h2=1088\n",
+"hf2=28.06\n",
+"hfg2=1059.9\n",
+"s1=1.4454\n",
+"sf1=0.6720\n",
+"sfg1=0.7734\n",
+"s2=2.0948\n",
+"sf2=0.0555\n",
+"sfg2=2.0393\n",
+"xd=(s1-sf2)/sfg2\n",
+"hd=hf2+xd*hfg2\n",
+"xa=0.3023\n",
+"ha=hf2+xa*hfg2\n",
+"wbc=0\n",
+"wda=0\n",
+"wcd=h1-hd\n",
+"wab=ha-hf1\n",
+"W=wab+wcd+wbc+wda\n",
+"Wrev=hfg1- (t2+459.7)*sfg1\n",
+"etat=(t1-t2)/(t1+459.7)\n",
+"eta=fur*etat\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency = %d percent',etat*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Furnace efficiency = %.1f percent',eta*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.2: Efficiency_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"dhab=-123.1\n",
+"etac=0.5\n",
+"ha=348.5\n",
+"etaf=0.75\n",
+"eta=0.85\n",
+"hf=471.6\n",
+"hfg=731.6\n",
+"hc=1203.2\n",
+"dhcd=452.7\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dwabs=dhab/etac\n",
+"hbd=ha-dwabs\n",
+"dwcds=dhcd*eta\n",
+"dqa=hc-hbd\n",
+"etat=(dwcds+dwabs)/dqa\n",
+"eta=etat*etaf\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',etat*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Overall efficiency = %.1f percent',eta*100)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.3: Efficiency_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"t=60 //F\n",
+"J=778.16\n",
+"p1=600 //psia\n",
+"p2=0.2563 //psia\n",
+"etaf=0.85 \n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"vf=0.01604 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"dw=-vf*(p1-p2)*144/J\n",
+"ha=28.06 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hb=29.84 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hd=1203.2 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"he=750.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"dqa=hd-hb\n",
+"dqr=ha-he\n",
+"dw=dqa+dqr\n",
+"dwturb=hd-he\n",
+"dwpump=ha-hb\n",
+"etat=dw/dqa\n",
+"eta=etat*etaf\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',etat*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Overall efficiency = %.1f percent',eta*100)\n",
+"    "
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.4: Efficiency_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"dhab=-1.78\n",
+"etac=0.5\n",
+"ha=28.06\n",
+"eta=0.85\n",
+"hf=471.6\n",
+"hfg=731.6\n",
+"hd=1203.2\n",
+"dhcd=452.7\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dwabs=dhab/etac\n",
+"hbd=ha-dwabs\n",
+"dwcds=dhcd*eta\n",
+"dqa=hd-hbd\n",
+"etat=(dwcds+dwabs)/dqa\n",
+"eta=etat*eta\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',etat*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Overall efficiency = %.1f percent',eta*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.5: Efficiency_and_pressure_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"sh=1.6070\n",
+"ph=94.8 //psia\n",
+"th=324 //F\n",
+"tr=60 //F\n",
+"hh=1186.2 \n",
+"pi=94.8 //psia\n",
+"hi=1399.5\n",
+"si=1.8265\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"Q=hi-hh\n",
+"Hr=-(tr+459.7)*(si-sh)\n",
+"work= Q+Hr\n",
+"eff=work/Q\n",
+"Qa1=1557.5\n",
+"W1=637.1 \n",
+"etat=W1/Qa1\n",
+"he=1374\n",
+"hj=948\n",
+"Whp=he-hh\n",
+"Wlp=hi-hj\n",
+"Wnet=Whp+Wlp\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency in case 1= %.1f percent',eff*100)\n",
+"printf('\n Thermal efficiency in case 1= %.1f percent',etat*100)\n",
+"printf('\n High pressure work = %.1f Btu/lbm',Whp)\n",
+"printf('\n Low pressure work = %.1f Btu/lbm',Wlp)\n",
+"printf('\n Net work = %.1f Btu/lbm',Wnet)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 15.6: Efficiency_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p2=600 //psia\n",
+"p1=44 //psia\n",
+"te=486.21 //F\n",
+"tb=273.1 //F\n",
+"J=778.16\n",
+"p3=0.25 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"hc=241.9\n",
+"hj=834.6\n",
+"y=1-0.805\n",
+"v1=0.0172\n",
+"v2=0.016\n",
+"ha=28.06\n",
+"hd=hc+v1*(p2-p1)*144/J\n",
+"hb=ha+v2*(p1-p3)*144/J\n",
+"hh=1374\n",
+"Qa=hh-hd\n",
+"Qr=(ha-hj)*(1-y)\n",
+"etat=(Qa+Qr)/Qa\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',etat*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/16-Combustion.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/16-Combustion.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1238c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/16-Combustion.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 16: Combustion"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.10: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"N2=78.1 //Moles of Nitrogen\n",
+"M=29 //Molar mass of Air\n",
+"ba=2.12 //Basis\n",
+"x4=0.3 //Moles of Ch4\n",
+"x5=3.7 //Moles of H2\n",
+"x6=14.7 //moles of H2o\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"c=14.7\n",
+"b= x4*4 + x5*2 + x6*2\n",
+"a=b/ba\n",
+"AF=(O2+N2)*M/(a*12 + b)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel',AF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.11: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"co2=8.7 //Moles of CO2\n",
+"co=8.9 //Moles of CO\n",
+"N2=78.1 //Moles of Nitrogen\n",
+"M=29 //Molar mass of Air\n",
+"ba=2.12 //Basis\n",
+"x4=0.3 //Moles of Ch4\n",
+"x5=3.7 //Moles of H2\n",
+"x6=14.7 //moles of H2o\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"c=14.7\n",
+"Z=2.238\n",
+"X=(Z*17-x4*4-x5*2)/2\n",
+"a=co2+co/2+x4+x6/2\n",
+"b=3.764*a\n",
+"AF=(O2+N2)*M/(Z*113)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel',AF)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.12: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x1=8.7 //Moles of Co2\n",
+"x2=8.9 //Moles of CO\n",
+"x3=0.3 //Moles of O2\n",
+"N=78.1 //Moles of N2\n",
+"z=113 //Af factor\n",
+"M=29 //Molar mass of air\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"co2=(x1+x2+x3)*100/(N+x1+x2+x3)\n",
+"a=2.325\n",
+"AF=103*M/(a*z)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.2f',AF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.13: Equation_formulation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"co=1.2 //Moles of CO\n",
+"co2=10.8 //Moles of CO2\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"H2=co/2\n",
+"ch4=0.3\n",
+"N2=88-H2-ch4\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Nitrogen = %.1f percent',N2)\n",
+"printf('\n Equation is a(96 CH4 + 3 H2+ 1 CO) + %.1f/3.76 O2 + %.1f N2 = %.1f CO2 + %.1f CO + %.1f H2 + %.1f CH4 + %.1f N2',N2,N2,co2,co,H2,ch4,N2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.14: Higher_heating_value.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"dH=-2369859 //Btu\n",
+"r=1.986 //Gas constant\n",
+"dn=5.5 //Change in number of moles\n",
+"T=536.7 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dQ=dH+dn*r*T\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Higher heating value = %d Btu',dQ)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.15: Lower_heating_value.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"M2=18 //Molar mass of water\n",
+"M=170 //Molar mass of octane\n",
+"p=0.4593 //Pressure of octane //psia\n",
+"disp('from steam tables,')\n",
+"vfg=694.9 \n",
+"J=778.2\n",
+"m=9*18 //Mass of water\n",
+"u1=-2363996 //Btu\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"hfg=1050.4 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"ufg= hfg- p*vfg*144/J\n",
+"dU=ufg*m \n",
+"Lhv=u1+dU\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Lower heating value = %d Btu/lbm',Lhv)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.16: Heat_of_reactio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n1=8 //Moles of CO2\n",
+"n2=9 //Moles of H2O\n",
+"n3=1 //Moles of Octane\n",
+"n4=12.5 //Moles of Oxygen\n",
+"disp('From Table B-10,')\n",
+"U11=3852 //Internal energy at 1000 R of CO2\n",
+"U12=115 //Internal energy at 537 R of CO2\n",
+"U21=3009 //Internal energy at 1000 R of H2O\n",
+"U22=101 //Internal energy at  537 R of H2O\n",
+"U31=24773 //Internal energy at 1000 R of Octane\n",
+"U32=640 //Internal energy at 537 R of Octane\n",
+"U41=2539 //Internal energy at 1000 R of Oxygen\n",
+"U42=83 //Internal energy at 537 R of Oxygen\n",
+"H=-2203389 //heat Btu\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dU1=n1*(U11-U12)+n2*(U21-U22)\n",
+"dU2=n3*(U31-U32)+n4*(U41-U42)\n",
+"Q=H+dU1-dU2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Heat of reaction = %d Btu',Q)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook.')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.17: Temperature_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n1=8 //Moles of CO2\n",
+"n2=9 //Moles of H2O\n",
+"n3=47 //Moles of N2\n",
+"disp('from table B-10,')\n",
+"h1=118 //Enthalpy of CO2\n",
+"h2=104 //Enthalpy of H2O\n",
+"h3=82.5 //Enthalpy of N2\n",
+"Q=2203279 //Btu\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"U11=n1*h1+n2*h2+n3*h3\n",
+"U12=U11+Q\n",
+"T2=5271 //R\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Upon interpolating, T2 = %d R',T2)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.18: Equilibrium_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"n1=0.95\n",
+"n2=0.05\n",
+"n3=0.025\n",
+"P=147 //psia\n",
+"pa=14.7 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"n=n1+n2+n3\n",
+"p1=n1/n *P/pa\n",
+"p2=n2/n *P/pa\n",
+"p3=n3/n *P/pa\n",
+"Kp1= p1/(p2*p3^0.5)\n",
+"Kp2= p1^2 /(p2^2 *p3)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('In case 1, Equilibrium constant = %.1f ',Kp1)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, Equilibrium constant = %.1f ',Kp2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.19: Dissociation_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"kp=5 \n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"x=poly(0,'x')\n",
+"vec=roots(24*x^3 + 3*x-2)\n",
+"x=vec(3)\n",
+"y=poly(0,'y')\n",
+"vec2=roots(249*y^3 +3*y-2)\n",
+"y=vec2(3)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('percentage of dissociation = %.1f percent',x*100)\n",
+"printf('\n If pressure =10 . degree of dissociation = %d percent',y*100)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.1: Molecule_formulatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"per=85\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"a=per/12\n",
+"b=100-per\n",
+"ad=1.13*a\n",
+"bd=1.13*b\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Molecule is C %d H %d',ad,bd+1)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.20: Extent_of_reaction.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x=poly(0,'x')\n",
+"vec=roots(24*x^3 +48*x^2 + 7*x -4)\n",
+"x=vec(3) *100\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Extent of reaction= %d percent',100-x)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.2: Molecule_formulatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"per=0.071 //mass fraction of nitrogen\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"O2=8.74\n",
+"N2=per/2 + 3.76*O2\n",
+"Nin=32.85\n",
+"CO2=7.333\n",
+"H2o=3\n",
+"So2=0.0312\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Oxygen = %.2f and Nitrogen = %.2f',O2,N2)\n",
+"printf('\n Equation is C %.3f H %d + %.2f O2 + %.2f N2 = %.3f CO2 + %d H2O + %.5f SO2 + %.2f N2',CO2,2*H2o,O2,Nin,CO2,H2o,So2,N2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.3: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"m1=8.74\n",
+"m2=32.85\n",
+"fuel=100 //lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"mass=M*(m1+m2)\n",
+"AF=mass/fuel\n",
+"a2=9.75\n",
+"b2=12.19\n",
+"AF2=mass/(fuel+a2+b2)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.2f lbm air/lbm fuel',AF)\n",
+"printf('\n In dry air, Air-fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel as fired',AF2)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.4: Mass_and_energy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m1=322.3 //Mass of Co2\n",
+"m2=2 //Mass of SO2\n",
+"m3=926 //Mass of N2\n",
+"basis=121.94 //Basis taken\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"m=m1+m2+m3\n",
+"ratio=m/basis\n",
+"dh=5777 //Btu/mol\n",
+"h1=dh*7.364\n",
+"h2=14037\n",
+"h3=130501\n",
+"H=h1+h2+h3\n",
+"hrat=H/basis\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Mass of dry flue gases = %.2f lbm dry flue gas/lbm fuel ash and moisture free',m/100)\n",
+"printf('\n Mass of dry flue gases = %.2f lbm dry flue gas/lbm fuel as fired ',ratio)\n",
+"printf('\n Energy carried away = %.1f btu/mol coal as fired which is same as  = %.1f Btu/lbm mol coal ',H, hrat)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off errors in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.6: Percentage_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p=14.7 //psia\n",
+"ps=0.363 //psia\n",
+"n2=7.52 //moles\n",
+"n1=1 //moles\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"x= (n1+n2)*ps/p /(1-ps/p)\n",
+"n=n1+n2+x\n",
+"y1=n1/n\n",
+"y2=n1/(n1+n2)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Final orsat composition is %d CO2 + %.2f H20 + %.2f N2',n1, x, n2)\n",
+"printf('\n Percentage of co2 on a wet basis = %.1f percent',y1*100)\n",
+"printf('\n percentage of co2 on a dry basis = %.2f percent',y2*100)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.7: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"N2=78.1\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"co2=8.7\n",
+"co=8.9\n",
+"x4=0.3\n",
+"x5=3.7\n",
+"x6=14.7\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"Z=(co2+co+x4)/8\n",
+"AF=(O2+N2)*M/(Z*113)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel',AF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.8: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"basis=100 //lbm\n",
+"x1=0.6\n",
+"ash=12 //lbm\n",
+"N2=79.7\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"x=ash/x1\n",
+"C=(1-x1)*x\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"a= (14.6+0.2)/(5.83-0.66)\n",
+"AF=(O2+N2)*M/(a*100)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel as fired',AF)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 16.9: Air_fuel_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"N2=78.1 //Moles of Nitrogen\n",
+"M=29 //Molar mass of Air\n",
+"ba=2.12 //Basis\n",
+"x4=0.3 //Moles of Ch4\n",
+"x5=3.7 //Moles of H2\n",
+"x6=14.7 //moles of H2o\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"O2=N2/3.76\n",
+"Z=(x4*4+x5*2+x6*2)/17\n",
+"AF=(O2+N2)*M/(Z*113)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Air fuel ratio = %.1f lbm air/lbm fuel',AF)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/17-Gas_cycles_and_processes.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/17-Gas_cycles_and_processes.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..475a657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/17-Gas_cycles_and_processes.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 17: Gas cycles and processes"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 17.1: Efficiency_and_air_fuel_ratio_Equilibrium_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"ha=1033 //Btu/mol air\n",
+"hbd=2992 //Btu/mol air\n",
+"hc=7823 //Btu/mol air\n",
+"hdd=5142 //Btu/mol air\n",
+"Hv=2733000 //Btu/mol\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"Wt=hc-hdd\n",
+"Wc=ha-hbd\n",
+"Net=Wt+Wc\n",
+"Heat=hc-hbd\n",
+"etat=Net*100/Heat\n",
+"molair=Heat/Hv\n",
+"mr=molair*142/M\n",
+"Af=1/mr\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('\n Thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',etat)\n",
+"printf('\n Moles of fuel burned per mol of air = %.5f mol fuel/mol air',molair)\n",
+"printf('\n Mass ratio in pounds = %.5f lbm fuel/lbm air',mr)\n",
+"printf('\n Air fuel ratio = %d lbm air/lbm fuel',Af)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/18-Refrigeration.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/18-Refrigeration.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ed9863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/18-Refrigeration.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 18: Refrigeration"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.1: Work_and_cop_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"Ta=500 //R\n",
+"Tr=540 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"cop=Ta/(Tr-Ta)\n",
+"hp=4.71/cop\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"ha=48.02\n",
+"hb=46.6\n",
+"hc=824.1\n",
+"hd=886.9\n",
+"Wc=-(hd-hc)\n",
+"We=-(hb-ha)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Coefficient of performance = %.1f ',cop)\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp)\n",
+"printf('\n Work of compression = %.1f Btu/lbm',Wc)\n",
+"printf('\n Work of expansion = %.2f Btu/lbm',We)\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.2: cop_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x=0.8\n",
+"he=26.28 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hb=26.28 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"pe=98.76 //psia\n",
+"pc=51.68 //psia\n",
+"hc=82.71 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hf=86.80+0.95\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dwisen=-(hf-hc)\n",
+"dwact=dwisen/x\n",
+"hd=hc-dwact\n",
+"cop=(hc-hb)/(hd-hc)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Coefficient of performance = %.2f',cop)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.3: work_done_and_cop_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"hc=613.3//btu/lbm\n",
+"hb=138.9//btu/lbm\n",
+"ha=138.9//btu/lbm\n",
+"hd=713.4 //btu/lbm\n",
+"ta=464.7 //R\n",
+"t0=545.7 //R\n",
+"v=8.150 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"Qa=hc-hb\n",
+"Qr=ha-hd\n",
+"Wcd=Qa+Qr\n",
+"cop=abs(Qa/Wcd)\n",
+"hp=abs(4.71/cop)\n",
+"carnot=abs(ta/(t0-ta))\n",
+"rel=abs(cop/carnot)\n",
+"mass=200/Qa\n",
+"C=mass*v\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Work done = %.1f Btu/lbm',Wcd)\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of performance actual = %.2f ',cop)\n",
+"printf('\n Ideal cop = %.3f',carnot)\n",
+"printf('\n relative efficiency = %.3f',rel)\n",
+"printf('\n Mass flow rate = %.3f lbm/min ton',mass)\n",
+"printf('\n Compressor capacity = %.2f cfm/ton',C)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.4: Pressure_ratio_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"pc=0.6982 //psia\n",
+"pe=0.1217 //psia\n",
+"m=200 //gal/min\n",
+"qual=0.98\n",
+"h1=23.07 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"h2=8.05  //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hw=1071.3\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"rp=pc/pe\n",
+"m2=m/0.01602 *0.1388 //Conversion of units \n",
+"m2=1670\n",
+"dh=15.02\n",
+"Qa=m2*(h1-h2)\n",
+"h3=h2 + qual*hw\n",
+"m3=Qa/(h3-h1)\n",
+"v=0.016+ qual*2444\n",
+"C=m3*v\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Pressure ratio = %.2f',rp)\n",
+"printf('\n Heat = %d Btu/min',Qa)\n",
+"printf('\n Water make up required = %.2f lbm/min',m3)\n",
+"printf('\n Volume of vapor entering ejector = %d cfm',C)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')\n",
+""
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.5: Work_done_and_heat_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"disp('From fig B-4,')\n",
+"disp('Appropraite notation from textbook has been used')\n",
+"disp('All are enthalpy values at different stages')\n",
+"hc=73.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hb=26.28 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hd=91.58 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hc2=190.7 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hd2=244.3 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hb2=44.4 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"m1=1 //lbm\n",
+"m2=0.461 //lbm\n",
+"hc1=73.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hd1=83.35 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hc2=190.7 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hd2=244.3 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hb1=12.55 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hc22=197.58 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hd22=224 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"//Calculations\n",
+"w1=hc-hd\n",
+"qa1=hc-hb\n",
+"cop1=abs(qa1/(w1))\n",
+"hp1=4.71/cop1\n",
+"w2=hc2-hd2\n",
+"qa2=hc2-hb2\n",
+"cop2=abs(qa2/(w2))\n",
+"hp2=4.71/cop2\n",
+"qa3=m1*(hc1-hb1)\n",
+"w3=m1*(hc1-hd1) + m2*(hc22-hd22)\n",
+"cop3=abs(qa3/w3)\n",
+"hp3=4.71/cop3\n",
+"//results\n",
+"disp('part a')\n",
+"printf('Work done = %.2f Btu/lbm',w1)\n",
+"printf('\n Heat = %.2f Btu/lbm',qa1)\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp1)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of performance actual = %.2f ',cop1)\n",
+"disp('case 2')\n",
+"printf('\n Work done = %.1f Btu/lbm',w2)\n",
+"printf('\n Heat = %.2f Btu/lbm',qa2)\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp2)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of performance actual = %.2f ',cop2)\n",
+"disp('part b')\n",
+"printf('\n Work done = %.1f Btu/lbm',w3)\n",
+"printf('\n Heat = %.2f Btu/lbm',qa3)\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp3)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of performance actual = %.2f ',cop3)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 18.6: hp_and_cop_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"disp('From fig B-4,')\n",
+"disp('Appropraite notation from textbook has been used')\n",
+"disp('All are enthalpy values at different stages')\n",
+"ha=44.36 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hc=18.04 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hj=197.58 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hh=213.5 //Btu/lbm \n",
+"hd=hc //Btu/lbm\n",
+"he=190.66 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hk=241.25 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"m=(hc-ha)/(ha-hj)\n",
+"hi=(m*hj+hh)/(1+m)\n",
+"Qa=he-hd\n",
+"W=he-hh + (1+m)*(hi-hk)\n",
+"cop=abs(Qa/W)\n",
+"hp=4.71/cop\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('\n horsepower required per ton of refrigeration = %.3f hp/ton refrigeration',hp)\n",
+"printf('\n Coefficient of performance actual = %.2f ',cop)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/2-Fundamental_Concepts.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/2-Fundamental_Concepts.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8928a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/2-Fundamental_Concepts.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 2: Fundamental Concepts"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.1: Potential_energy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"z=100 //ft\n",
+"m=32.1739 //lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"PE=m*z\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Potential energy = %.2f ft-lbm',PE)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 2.2: Absolute_energy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m0=18.016 //lbm\n",
+"gc=32.1739 //lbm ft/lbf sec^2\n",
+"c=186000*5280\n",
+"dU=94.4*10^6 //ft-lbf\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"U=m0/gc *c^2\n",
+"dm= -dU*gc/c^2\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Absolute energy of this mixture = %.2e ft-lbf',U)\n",
+"printf('\n In case b, there is no change in mass')\n",
+"printf('\n Change in mass = %.2e lbm',dm)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook.')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/3-Temperature_and_the_Ideal_gas.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/3-Temperature_and_the_Ideal_gas.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..896c8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/3-Temperature_and_the_Ideal_gas.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 3: Temperature and the Ideal gas"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.2: volume_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p=14.7 //psia\n",
+"R0=1545 \n",
+"t=460 +60 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"v=R0*t/(p*144)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Volume = %.1f ft^3/mol',v)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 3.3: density_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"p=20 //psia\n",
+"R0=1545 \n",
+"t=460 +100 //R\n",
+"M=28\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"v=R0*t/(p*144*M)\n",
+"rho=1/v\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('density of nitrogen = %.4f lbm/ft^3',rho)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/5-The_first_law_and_the_dynamic_open_system.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/5-The_first_law_and_the_dynamic_open_system.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e084c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/5-The_first_law_and_the_dynamic_open_system.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 5: The first law and the dynamic open system"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.2: work_done_and_power_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"rate= 5 //lbm/sec\n",
+"Q=50 //Btu/s\n",
+"h2=1020 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"h1=1000 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"V2=50 //ft/s\n",
+"V1=100 //ft/s\n",
+"J=778\n",
+"g=32.2 //ft/s^2\n",
+"gc=g\n",
+"Z2=0\n",
+"Z1=100 //ft\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dw=Q/rate -(h2-h1) -(V2^2- V1^2)/(2*gc*J) -g/gc *(Z2-Z1)/J\n",
+"power=dw*rate\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('work done by the system = %.1f Btu/lbm',dw)\n",
+"printf('\n Power = %.1f Btu/s',power)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.3: Area_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"V=100 //ft/s\n",
+"v=15 //lbm/ft^3\n",
+"m=5 //lbm/s\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"A=m*v/V\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Area of inlet pipe = %.2f ft^2',A)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 5.4: Temperature_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P=100 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-4')\n",
+"h=1187.2 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"t1=328 //F\n",
+"t2=540 //F\n",
+"dt=t2-t1\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Final temperature of the steam = %d F',t2)\n",
+"printf('\n Change in temperature = %d F',dt)"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/7-The_Second_law.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/7-The_Second_law.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a7fd41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/7-The_Second_law.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 7: The Second law"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.2: Entropy_and_efficiency_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cv=0.175 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"R0=1.986\n",
+"M=29\n",
+"T2=1040 //R\n",
+"T1=520 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"cp=cv+R0/M\n",
+"sab=cv*log(T2/T1)\n",
+"sac=cp*log(T2/T1)\n",
+"dqab=cv*(T2-T1)\n",
+"dqca=cp*(T1-T2)\n",
+"dqrev=T2*(sac-sab)\n",
+"eta=(dqab+dqrev+dqca)/(dqab+dqrev)\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Entropy in ab part = %.4f Btu/lbm R',sab)\n",
+"printf('\n Entropy in ac part = %.4f Btu/lbm R',sac)\n",
+"printf('\n Efficiency = %.2f percent',eta*100)\n",
+"disp('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.3: Entropy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"tc=32 //F\n",
+"th=80 //F\n",
+"mw=5 //lbm\n",
+"mi=1 //lbm\n",
+"P=14.7 //psia\n",
+"cp=1\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"t= (-144*mi+tc*mi+th*mw)/(mw+mi)\n",
+"ds1=144/(tc+460)\n",
+"ds2=cp*log((460+t)/(460+tc))\n",
+"dsice=ds1+ds2\n",
+"dswater=mw*cp*log((t+460)/(460+th))\n",
+"ds=dsice+dswater\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in entropy of the process = %.4f Btu/R',ds)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 7.4: Energy_calculations.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cp=1\n",
+"T2=60 //F\n",
+"T1=100 //F\n",
+"ta=32 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dq=cp*(T2-T1)\n",
+"ds=cp*log((460+T2)/(460+T1))\n",
+"dE=dq-ds*(ta+460)\n",
+"dec=dq-dE\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in available energy = %.1f Btu/lbm',dE)\n",
+"printf('\n The available energy of the isolated system decreased in the amount of  %.1f Btu/lbm',dec)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/8-Second_and_Third_law_topics.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/8-Second_and_Third_law_topics.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a71a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/8-Second_and_Third_law_topics.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Second and Third law topics"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: PvsS_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P=500 //psia\n",
+"T=700 //F\n",
+"J=778\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dpds=1490 *144/J\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('dp by ds at constant volume = %d F/ft^3/lbm',dpds)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: Thermal_efficiency_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cp=0.25 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"T0=520 //R\n",
+"T1=3460 //R\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dq=cp*(T0-T1)\n",
+"ds=cp*log(T0/T1)\n",
+"dE=dq-T0*ds\n",
+"eta=dE/dq\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Thermal efficiency = %.1f percent',eta*100)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: Loss_of_available_energy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"cp=0.25 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"T0=520 //R\n",
+"T1=3460 //R\n",
+"dG=21069 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"dH=21502 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"dq=cp*(T0-T1)\n",
+"ds=cp*log(T0/T1)\n",
+"dE=dq-T0*ds\n",
+"eta=dE/dq\n",
+"dw=eta*dH\n",
+"de=-dG+dw\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Loss of available energy = %d Btu/lbm',de)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/9-Properties_of_the_pure_substance.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/9-Properties_of_the_pure_substance.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..614055e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermodynamics_by_Gaggioli_and_Obert/9-Properties_of_the_pure_substance.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 9: Properties of the pure substance"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.10: Quality_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"pb=14.696 //psia\n",
+"pa=150 //psia\n",
+"tb=300 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"hb=1192.8 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"ha=hb\n",
+"hf=330.51 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hfg=863.6 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"x=(ha-hf)/hfg\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Quality of wet steam = %.1f percent',x*100)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.1: Internal_energy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T=32 //F\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"J=778.16\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"hf=0 \n",
+"p=0.08854 //psia\n",
+"vf=0.01602 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"u=hf-p*144*vf/J\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Internal energy = %.7f Btu/lbm',u)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.2: Entropy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P=40 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('from steam tables,')\n",
+"hf=200.8 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hg=27 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"T=495  //R\n",
+"ds=(hf-hg)/T\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Change in entropy = %.3f Btu/lbm R',ds)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.3: Enthalpy_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x=0.35\n",
+"T=18 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-14,')\n",
+"hf=12.12 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hg=80.27 //Btu.lbm\n",
+"hfg=-hf+hg\n",
+"h=hf+x*hfg\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('specific enthalpy = %.1f Btu/lbm',h)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.4: Heat_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"x=0.35\n",
+"T=18 //F\n",
+"T2=55.5 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table B-14,')\n",
+"hf=12.12 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hg=80.27 //Btu.lbm\n",
+"hfg=-hf+hg\n",
+"h=hf+x*hfg\n",
+"h2=85.68 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"dh=h2-h\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Heat required = %.2f Btu/lbm',dh)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.5: Enthalpy_and_Quality_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P=1460 //psia\n",
+"T=135 //F\n",
+"P2=700 //psia\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From mollier chart,')\n",
+"h=120 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"x=0.83\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('enthalpy = %d Btu/lbm',h)\n",
+"printf('\n Qulaity = %.2f',x)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.6: Heat_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"m=1 //lbm\n",
+"P1=144 //psia\n",
+"P2=150 //psia\n",
+"T1=360 //F\n",
+"J=778.16\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table 3,')\n",
+"v1=3.160 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"h1=1196.5 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"u1=h1-P1*144*v1/J\n",
+"h2=1211.4 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"u2=h2-P2*144*v1/J\n",
+"dq=u2-u1\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Heat transferred = %.1f Btu/lbm',dq)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.7: Work_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"T1=100 //F\n",
+"P2=1000 //psia\n",
+"x=0.6\n",
+"J=778.16\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From table 3,')\n",
+"v=0.01613 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"P1=0.9 //psia\n",
+"wrev=-v*(P2-P1)*144/J\n",
+"dv=0.000051 //ft^3/lbm\n",
+"wcomp=(P2+P1)/2 *dv*144/J\n",
+"wact=wrev/x\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Work done = %.1f Btu/lbm',wrev)\n",
+"printf('\n In case 2, work required = %.1f Btu/lbm',wact)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.8: Heat_calculatio.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"pa=1000 //atm\n",
+"ta=100 //F\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"hf=67.97 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"w=3 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"ha=hf+w\n",
+"disp('from steam table 2,')\n",
+"hc=1191.8 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"qrev=hc-ha\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Heat transferred = %.1f Btu/lbm',qrev)"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 9.9: Work_done_calculation.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc\n",
+"clear\n",
+"//Initialization of variables\n",
+"P1=144 //psia\n",
+"T1=400 //F\n",
+"y=0.7\n",
+"//calculations\n",
+"disp('From steam tables,')\n",
+"h1=1220.4 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"s1=1.6050 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"s2=1.6050 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"P2=3 //psia\n",
+"sf=0.2008 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"sfg=1.6855 //Btu/lbm R\n",
+"x=(s1-sf)/sfg\n",
+"hf=109.37 //Btu/lbm\n",
+"hfg=1013.2 //Btu/;bm\n",
+"h2=hf+x*hfg\n",
+"work=h1-h2\n",
+"dw=y*work\n",
+"h2d=h1-dw\n",
+"//results\n",
+"printf('Work done = %d Btu/lbm',work)\n",
+"printf('\n work done in case 2 = %.1f Btu/lbm',dw)\n",
+"printf('\n Final state pressure = %d psia',P2)\n",
+"disp('The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}