59 files changed, 879 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/46/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce b/46/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf24aea7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Example 10.1
+clear
+clc
+t1=60;//Fahrenheit
+t2=100;//Fahrenheit
+p1=3;//psi
+p2=15;//psi
+T1=71;//Fahrenheit
+T2=75;//Fahrenheit
+pb=((T2-T1)/(t2-t1))*100;
+disp('%',pb,'proportional band=')
+Gain=(p2-p1)/(T2-T1);
+disp('psi/F',Gain,'Gain=')
+//Assume pb is changed to 75% then
+pb=75;//%
+T=(pb*(t2-t1))/100;
+disp('Fahrenheit',T,'T=')
+Gain=(p2-p1)/T;
+disp('psi/F',Gain,'Gain=')
diff --git a/46/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce b/46/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e71b2cc9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example 12.1

+clc

+syms Gc G1 G2 G3 H1 H2 R U1;

+G=Gc*G1*G2*G3*H1*H2;

+g=Gc*G1*G2*G3/(1+G);

+disp(g,'C/R=')

+g1=G2*G3/(1+G);

+disp(g1,'C/U1=')

+g2=G3*H1*H2/(1+G);

+disp(g2,'B/U2=')

+C1=g*R;

+C2=g1*U1;

+disp(C1+C2,'C=')

diff --git a/46/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce b/46/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b0f8d3ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Example 12.2

+clc

+syms Gc1 Gc2 G1 G2 G3 H1 H2;

+Ga=Gc2*G1/.H2

+Gb=G2*G3

+g=Gc1*Ga*Gb/.H1;

+g=simple(g);

+disp(g,'C/R=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH14/EX14.1/Example14_1.sce b/46/CH14/EX14.1/Example14_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dadfd2ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH14/EX14.1/Example14_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Example 14.1
+clear
+clc
+s=%s;
+G1=10*((0.5*s+1)/s);
+G2=1/(2*s+1);
+H=1;
+G=G1*G2*H
+//The characteristic equation is therefore
+disp('1+G=0')
+disp('=0',1+G,'1+G=');
+//which is equivalent to
+disp("s^2+3*s+5=0");
+h=poly([5,3,1],'s','coeff');
+r=roots(h)
+disp(r,'roots=')
+//Since the real part of roots are negative, the system is stable
+n=length(r);
+c=0;
+for i=1:n
+if (real(r(i,1))<0)
+c=c+1;
+end 
+end
+if(c>=1)
+printf("system is stable\n")
+else ("system is unstable")
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce b/46/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..183ea422e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Example 14.2
+clear;
+clc
+h=poly([2,4,5,3,1],'s','coeff');
+r=routh_t(h)
+//Since there is no change in sign in the first column, there are no roots having positive real parts, and the system is stable.
+y=coeff(h);
+n=length(y);
+c=0;
+for i=1:n
+if (r(i,1)<0)
+c=c+1;
+end 
+end
+if(c>=1)
+printf("system is unstable")
+else ("system is stable")
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce b/46/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58e2d550a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Example 14.3

+clc

+syms Kc s s3;

+G1=1/((s+1)*(0.5*s+1));

+H=3/(s+3);

+G=Kc*G1*H;

+G=simple(G);

+//The characteristic equation is therefore

+disp('1+G=0')

+disp('=0',1+G,'1+G=');

+//which is equivalent to

+disp("s^3+6*s^2+11*s+6+6*Kc=0")

+routh=[1 11;6 6+6*Kc]

+routh=[routh;-det(routh(1:2,1:2))/routh(2,1),0]

+routh=[routh;-det(routh(2:3,1:2))/routh(3,1),0]

+routh=simple(routh)

+disp('>0',routh(3,1))

+disp('Kc<10')

+Kc=10;

+routh=horner(routh,Kc);

+routh=dbl(routh)

+C=routh(2,1);

+D=routh(2,2);

+p=poly([D 0 C],'s','coeff')

+disp('6*s^2+66=0')

+r=roots(p)

+disp('=0',simple((s-r(1,1))*(s-r(2,1))*(s-s3)))

+//On comparing with the equation

+poly([6+6*Kc 11 6 1],'s','coeff')

+//we get

+s3=-6;

+printf("s1=3.3166248*i,s2=3.3166248*i,,s3=6\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce b/46/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a8917620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Example 14.4

+clc

+s=%s;

+tau1=1;

+tau2=1/2;

+tau3=1/3;

+taui=0.25;

+Kc=5;

+n=Kc/(tau1*tau2*tau3)*(taui*s+1);

+d=taui*s*(s+(1/tau1))*(s+(1/tau2))*(s+(1/tau3));

+G=syslin('c',n/d);

+//The characteristic equation is therefore

+disp('1+G=0')

+disp('=0',1+G,'1+G=');

+//which is equivalent to

+disp("s^4+6*s^3+11*s^2+36*s+120=0")

+h=poly([120 36 11 6 1],'s','coeff')

+r=routh_t(h)

+y=coeff(h);

+n=length(y);

+c=0;

+for i=1:n

+if (r(i,1)<0)

+c=c+1;

+end 

+end

+if(c>=1)

+printf("system is unstable\n")

+else ("system is stable")

+end

diff --git a/46/CH15/EX15.1/Example15_1.sce b/46/CH15/EX15.1/Example15_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e927db95e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH15/EX15.1/Example15_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Example 15.1

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms K;

+N=1;

+D=poly([-1 -2 -3],'s','roots');

+G=syslin('c',N/D);

+disp(K*G,'G=')

+evans(G)

+v=[-3.5 3.5 -6 6];

+mtlb_axis(v);

+xgrid

+

diff --git a/46/CH15/EX15.1/figure15_1.jpg b/46/CH15/EX15.1/figure15_1.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..121688b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH15/EX15.1/figure15_1.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH15/EX15.2/Example15_2.sce b/46/CH15/EX15.2/Example15_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55d6b37e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH15/EX15.2/Example15_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 15.2

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms Kc;

+N=1+(2*s/3)+1/(3*s);

+D=(20*s+1)*(10*s+1)*(0.5*s+1);

+G=N/D;

+G=syslin('c',G);

+disp(Kc*G,'G=')

+clf

+evans(G)

+v=[-2.5 1 -5 5];

+mtlb_axis(v);

+xgrid
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH15/EX15.2/figure15_2.jpg b/46/CH15/EX15.2/figure15_2.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faa7f45b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH15/EX15.2/figure15_2.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.1/Example16_1.sce b/46/CH16/EX16.1/Example16_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc4d8ddd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.1/Example16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 16.1

+clc

+s=%s;

+j=%i;

+f=10/%pi;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+G=1/(0.1*s+1);

+s=w*j;

+Gs=horner(G,s);

+disp(Gs,'G(20j)=')

+[r,theta]=polar(Gs)

+theta=theta*180/%pi;

+disp('degrees',theta,'theta=')

+

diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.2/Example16_2.sce b/46/CH16/EX16.2/Example16_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5dcd03dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.2/Example16_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 16.2

+clc

+syms tau s zeta w;

+j=%i;

+n=1;

+d=tau^2*s^2+2*zeta*tau*s+1;

+G=n/d

+s=j*w;

+G=1/(2*s*tau*zeta+s^2*tau^2+1)   

+[num den]=numden(G)

+d=abs(den)

+cof_a_0=coeffs(den,'%i',0)

+cof_a_1=coeffs(den,'%i',1) 

+AR=1/d

+theta=AR*atan(-cof_a_1/cof_a_0);

+disp(theta,'Phase angle=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.4/Example16_4.sce b/46/CH16/EX16.4/Example16_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4f104071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.4/Example16_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 16.4
+clc
+s=%s;
+H=1/(s+1);
+Hs=syslin('c',H)
+J=1/(s+5);
+Js=syslin('c',J)
+G=Hs*Js;
+Gs=syslin('c',G)
+clf
+bode([Hs;Js;Gs;])
+legend(['1/(s+1)';'1/(s/5+1)';'1/(5*(s+1)*(s/5+1))'])
diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.4/figure16_4.jpg b/46/CH16/EX16.4/figure16_4.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b7cf5a80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.4/figure16_4.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.5/Example16_5.sce b/46/CH16/EX16.5/Example16_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9e951dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.5/Example16_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example 16.5
+clc
+s=poly(0,'s');
+disp("G=10*(0.5*s+1)*exp(-s/10)/(((s+1)^2)*(0.1*s+1))")
+printf("exp(-0.1*s)=(2-0.1*s)/(2+0.1*s)\n)")
+G=10*(0.5*s+1)*(2-0.1*s)/(((s+1)^2)*(0.1*s+1)*(2+0.1*s));
+Gs=syslin('c',G)
+clf
+bode(Gs)
diff --git a/46/CH16/EX16.5/figure16_5.jpg b/46/CH16/EX16.5/figure16_5.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7388a021a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH16/EX16.5/figure16_5.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.1/Example17_1.sce b/46/CH17/EX17.1/Example17_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b649134cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.1/Example17_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 17.1
+clc
+s=%s;
+syms Kc
+tau=1;
+taum=1;
+wC=1;
+g1=Kc;
+g2=1/(s+1);
+g3=1/(s+1);
+G1=g2*g3;
+G1=syslin('c',G1)
+G=g1*g2/.g3;
+disp(G,'C(s)/R(s)=')
+//This equation can be written in the form of Kc*(s+1)/((1+Kc)*(tau2^2*s^2+2*tau2*zeta2*s+1)
+tau2=sqrt(1/(1+Kc))
+zeta2=sqrt(1/(1+Kc))
+clf
+bode(G1)
+show_margins(G1)
+//To make the open loop gain 1 at w=4
+phaseangle=-152//degrees
+phasemargin=180+phaseangle//degrees
+//At this phase margin, the gain margin is
+A=0.062//gain margin
+Kc=1/A
+zeta2=dbl(zeta2)
diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.1/figure17_1.jpg b/46/CH17/EX17.1/figure17_1.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..642c9b62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.1/figure17_1.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.3/Example17_3.sce b/46/CH17/EX17.3/Example17_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa966f96e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.3/Example17_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 17.3
+clc;
+syms Kc tauI s;
+g1=Kc*(1+1/(tauI*s));
+g2=1/(s+1);
+g2=exp(-1.02*s)
+G=g1*g2*g3//Openloop transfer function
+//By solving the equation -180=-atan(w)-57.3*1.02*w, we get
+wc0=2;//rad/min
+disp('AR=Kcu/sqrt(1+wc0^2)')
+AR=1;
+Kcu=AR*sqrt(1+wc0^2);
+//From Ziegler-Nicholas rules
+Kc=Kcu*0.45//ultimate gain
+Pu=2*%pi/wc0;//ultimate period
+tauI=Pu/1.2;
+disp('min',tauI,'tauI=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.4/Example17_4.sce b/46/CH17/EX17.4/Example17_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a2e58d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.4/Example17_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//Example 17.4

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms Kc K1 tauI tauD

+K=0.09;

+Kc=K1/K;

+Gc=K1*(1+1/(tauI*s)+tauD*s)

+g1=1/((s+1)*(s+2));

+//g2=exp(-0.5*s), we can write it as g2=(2-0.5*s)/(2+0.5*s). Therefore,

+g2=(2-0.5*s)/(2+0.5*s);

+G=g1*g2;

+G=syslin('c',G)

+clf

+bode(G)

+show_margins(G)

+//From the bode diagrams we get

+wc0=1.56;//rad/min

+A=0.145;

+Ku=1/A

+Pu=2*%pi/wc0

+//By Z-N rules

+//For P controller

+K1=0.5*Ku

+Gc=K1

+G1=Gc*G/K1

+//For PI controller

+K1=0.45*Ku

+tauI=Pu/1.2

+Gc=K1*(1+1/(tauI*s))

+G2=Gc*G/K1

+//For PID controller

+K1=0.6*Ku

+tauI=Pu/2

+tauD=Pu/8

+Gc=K1*(1+1/(tauI*s)+tauD*s)

+G3=Gc*G/K1

+clf

+bode([G1;G2;G3])

+legend(['G1';'G2';'G3']);

+

+

diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4a.jpg b/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4a.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f416d1dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4a.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4b.jpg b/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4b.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6dbafe2d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH17/EX17.4/figure17_4b.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH18/EX18.3/Example18_3.sce b/46/CH18/EX18.3/Example18_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff0e6c006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH18/EX18.3/Example18_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 18.3

+clc

+s=%s;

+Kf=-1;

+tp=2;

+//Applying feedforward control rules

+T1=1.5*tp

+T2=0.7*tp

+Gfs=Kf*(T1*s+1)/(T2*s+1);

+disp(Gfs,'Gf(s)=')

diff --git a/46/CH18/EX18.5/Example18_5.sce b/46/CH18/EX18.5/Example18_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9067b8fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH18/EX18.5/Example18_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 18.5

+clc

+syms K tau s l;

+Gm=K/(tau*s+1);

+//For this case

+Gma=1;

+Gmm=K/(tau*s+1);

+Gm=Gma*Gmm;

+GI=1/Gmm

+f=1/(l*s+1);

+//In order to be able to implement this transfer function let f(s)=1/(l*s+1)

+//Thus IMC becomes

+GI=f/Gmm

+Gc=GI/(1-GI*Gm)

+//On simplification, it will be in the form of 

+Gc=tau*(1+1/(tau*s))/(l*s*K)

+printf("The result is in the form of PI controller")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH18/EX18.6/Example18_6.sce b/46/CH18/EX18.6/Example18_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..663248075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH18/EX18.6/Example18_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Example 

+clc

+syms K taud s tau t

+G=K*exp(-taud*s)/(tau*s+1)

+//we can use an approximation that

+printf("exp(-taud*s)=(2-taud*s/2)/(2+taud*s)\n")

+Gm=K*(2-taud*s/2)/((2+taud*s)*(tau*s+1));//here Gm=G

+//For this model

+Gma=(2-taud*s/2)/(2+taud*s);

+Gmm=K/(tau*s+1);

+Gm=Gma*Gmm;

+GI=1/Gmm

+f=1/(l*s+1);

+//In order to be able to implement this transfer function let f(s)=1/(l*s+1)

+//Thus IMC becomes

+GI=f/Gmm

+Gc=GI/(1-GI*Gm)

+//This may be reduced algebraically to the form given by Eq.(18.21) with

+printf("Kc=(2*tau+taud)/(2*l+taud)\n")

+printf("tauI=tau+taud/2\n")

+printf("tau*taud)/(2*tau+taud)\n")

+printf("tau1=l*taud/2*(l+taud)\n")

diff --git a/46/CH19/EX19.1/Example19_1.sce b/46/CH19/EX19.1/Example19_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a0724ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH19/EX19.1/Example19_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Example 19.1

+clc

+s=poly(0,'s');

+syms tauI Kc

+Gc=1+1/(tauI*s);

+g1=1/(s+1);

+//g2=exp(-s);

+//we can write exp(-s) as (2-s)/(2+s).Therefore,

+g2=(2-s)/(2+s);

+G=g1*g2;

+G=syslin('c',G)

+Gp=Kc*Gc*G

+Gs=Gp/(1+Gp)//Overall transfer function

+//Ziegler Nicholas method

+scf(1);

+clf

+bode(G)

+show_margins(G)

+//From bode diagrams we get

+wc0=2.03

+Kcu=2.26

+Pu=2*%pi/wc0

+//Since Gc is a PI controller, by Z-N rules

+Kc=0.45*Kcu

+tauI=Pu/1.2

+//Cohen-Coon method

+//Comaparing G with Eq.(19.6), we get

+T=1;

+Td=1;

+Kp=1;

+Kc=T*(0.9+Td/(12*T))/(Kp*Td)

+tauI=Td*(30+3*Td/T)/(9+20*Td/T)

diff --git a/46/CH19/EX19.1/figure19_1.jpg b/46/CH19/EX19.1/figure19_1.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a64bd748e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH19/EX19.1/figure19_1.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH19/EX19.2/Example19_2.sce b/46/CH19/EX19.2/Example19_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..126b65204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH19/EX19.2/Example19_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//Example 19.2

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t Kc tauI;

+Gc=Kc*(1+1/(tauI*s))

+G=1/(s+1)^4;

+G=syslin('c',G)

+Gs=Gc*G/(1+Gc*G)//Overall transfer function

+Us=1/s;

+Cs=G*Us;

+//Cohen-Coon method

+Ct=ilaplace(Cs,s,t)

+Ct1=diff(Ct,t)

+Ct2=diff(Ct1,t)

+disp('=0',Ct2)

+//On solving the equation we get

+t=linsolve(-1,3)

+S=dbl(Ct1)

+C3=dbl(Ct)

+//From the figure 19.10 (B Vs t)

+y2=0.353;

+y1=0;

+x2=3;

+Td=3-(y2-y1)/S

+Bu=1;//ultimate value of B

+//From Eq.(19.4)

+T=Bu/S

+Kp=1;

+//From Table 19.2

+Kc=T*(0.9+Td/(12*T))/(Kp*Td)

+tauI=Td*(30+3*Td/T)/(9+20*Td/T)

+//By Z-N method

+clf

+bode(G)

+show_margins(G)

+//From Bode diagrams we get

+Kcu=4;

+Pu=2*%pi;

+//Since Gc is a PI controller, by Z-N rules

+Kc=0.45*Kcu

+tauI=Pu/1.2

+//By fitting the process reaction curve to a first order wit transport lag model by means of a least square fitting procedure. Applying the least square fit procedure out to t=5 produced the following results

+Td=1.5;

+T=3;

+//By applying Cohen-Coon rules, we get

+Kc=T*(0.9+Td/(12*T))/(Kp*Td)

+tauI=Td*(30+3*Td/T)/(9+20*Td/T)

diff --git a/46/CH19/EX19.2/figure19_2.jpg b/46/CH19/EX19.2/figure19_2.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..366297af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH19/EX19.2/figure19_2.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce b/46/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b24ada8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//Example 2.1

+syms t s;

+fs=laplace('1',t,s);

+disp(fs,'f(s)=')

+

diff --git a/46/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce b/46/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f6a27ffea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Example 2.3

+clc

+s=%s;

+xs=2/(s+3);

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+syms t; 

+xt=ilaplace(xs,s,t);

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

diff --git a/46/CH20/EX20.1/Example20_1.sce b/46/CH20/EX20.1/Example20_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..980f81868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH20/EX20.1/Example20_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Example 20.1
+clc
+Cv=4;
+G=1.26;
+P=100;//psi
+q=Cv*sqrt(P/G);
+disp('gpm',q,'q=')
diff --git a/46/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce b/46/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d57275982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH20/EX20.2/Example20_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Example 20.2
+clc
+L=100;//ft
+D=1;//ft
+D1=D/12;//inches
+D2=D1*2.42;//centimetres
+rho=62.4;//lb/ft^3
+mu=1.5;//cp
+Cv=4;
+pv=100;//psi
+G=1;
+q=Cv*sqrt(pv/G);//maximum flow
+disp('gpm',q,'q=')
+printf("Let us start flow from q=30 gpm\n")
+q=30;//gpm
+q1=q/(60*7.48);//ft^3/sec
+q2=q1*60*60;//ft^3/hr
+Re=4*q2*rho/(%pi*mu*D2)//Reynolds number
+//For this value of Reynolds number and for smooth pipe fanning friction factor is 0.005
+f=0.005;//fanning friction factor
+gc=32.2;
+p=32*f*L*rho*q1^2/(144*%pi^2*gc*D1^5);//psi
+P=pv-p
+qmax=Cv*sqrt(P/G);
+disp('gpm',qmax,'qmax=')
+x=q/qmax//lift
+ 
diff --git a/46/CH20/EX20.3/Example20_3.sce b/46/CH20/EX20.3/Example20_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0525bf49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH20/EX20.3/Example20_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Example 20.3
+clc
+L=200;//ft
+D=1;//ft
+D1=D/12;//inches
+D2=D1*2.42;//centimetres
+rho=62.4;//lb/ft^3
+mu=1.5;//cp
+pv=100;//psi
+G=1;
+q=30;//maximum flow
+disp('gpm',30,'q=')
+q1=q/(60*7.48);//ft^3/sec
+q2=q1*60*60;//ft^3/hr
+Re=4*q2*rho/(%pi*mu*D2)//Reynolds number
+//For this value of Reynolds number and for smooth pipe fanning friction factor is 0.005
+f=0.005;//fanning friction factor
+gc=32.2;
+p=32*f*L*rho*q1^2/(144*%pi^2*gc*D1^5);//psi
+P=pv-p
+Cv=q/sqrt(P/G)
+//For q=20
+q=20;//gpm
+q1=q/(60*7.48);//ft^3/sec
+p=32*f*L*rho*q1^2/(144*%pi^2*gc*D1^5);//psi
+P=pv-p
+qmax=Cv*sqrt(P/G);
+disp('gpm',qmax,'qmax=')
+x=q/qmax//lift
+ 
diff --git a/46/CH22/EX22.1/Example22_1.sce b/46/CH22/EX22.1/Example22_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37d76c1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH22/EX22.1/Example22_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Example 22.1

+clc

+disp("f(t)=u(t)=1")

+disp("f(nT)=1")//for n>=0

+syms z n

+//From Eq.(22.8)

+Z=symsum(z^(-n),n,0,%inf)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH22/EX22.2/Example22_2.sce b/46/CH22/EX22.2/Example22_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52a091137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH22/EX22.2/Example22_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Example 22.2

+clc

+syms T tau z n

+disp("f(t)=exp(-t/tau)")

+ft=exp(-n*T/tau)*z^(-n);

+Z=symsum(ft,n,0,%inf)

+

diff --git a/46/CH24/EX24.1/Example24_1.sce b/46/CH24/EX24.1/Example24_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ef339d7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH24/EX24.1/Example24_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Example 24.1

+clc

+syms K b z w;

+Gz=K*(1-b)/(z-b)

+//where b=exp(-T/tau)

+//From Eq.(24.4)

+z=w+1/w-1;

+Gz=eval(Gz)

+disp('=0',1+Gz,'1+G(z)=')

+//which is equivalent to

+disp('(K+1)*(1-b)*w+(1+b)-K(1-b)=0')

+routh=[(K+1)*(1-b);(1+b)-K*(1-b)]

+//b is always positive and less than one and K is positive

+//The first element in the array is positive

+//For stability, the Routh test requires that all elements of the first column be positive

+//Therefore,

+disp('>0',routh(2,1))

+disp('K<(1+b)/(1-b)')

+

diff --git a/46/CH26/EX26.1.a/Example26_1a.sce b/46/CH26/EX26.1.a/Example26_1a.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8f7cecd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH26/EX26.1.a/Example26_1a.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 26.1(a)
+clc
+T=1;
+tau=1.25;
+b=exp(-T/tau)
+//For quarter decay ratio
+alpha=0.5
+K=(alpha+b)/(1-b)
+//Ultimate value of C is
+Ci=K/(K+1);
+disp(Ci,'C(inf)=')
+Ri=1;
+Offset=Ri-Ci
+Period=2*T
diff --git a/46/CH26/EX26.1.b/Example26_2b.sce b/46/CH26/EX26.1.b/Example26_2b.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..22b82525a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH26/EX26.1.b/Example26_2b.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 26.1(a)
+clc
+T=0.5;
+tau=1.25;
+b=exp(-T/tau)
+//For quarter decay ratio
+alpha=0.5
+K=(alpha+b)/(1-b)
+//Ultimate value of C is
+Ci=K/(K+1);
+disp(Ci,'C(inf)=')
+Ri=1;
+Offset=Ri-Ci
+Period=2*T
diff --git a/46/CH29/EX29.1/Example29_1.sce b/46/CH29/EX29.1/Example29_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14ab3d8b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH29/EX29.1/Example29_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Example 29.1

+clc

+syms t tau

+A=[-1 1;0 -2]

+B=[0;1]

+x0=[-1;0]

+printf("x1=Ax+Bu(t)")

+//On solving given equation

+//let X=exp(A*t)

+X=[exp(-t) exp(-t)-exp(-2*t);0 exp(-2*t)]

+//Y=exp(A*(t-tau))

+Y=[exp(-(t-tau) ) exp(-(t-tau))-exp(-2*(t-tau));0 exp(-2*(t-tau))]

+//From Eq.(29.4)

+xt=X*x0+integ(Y*B,tau,0,t)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH29/EX29.2/Example29_2.sce b/46/CH29/EX29.2/Example29_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04e6796a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH29/EX29.2/Example29_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 29.2

+clc

+A=[-2 0;4 -3]

+B=[1 0;0 2]

+syms s H1s H2s  U1s U2s

+I=eye(2,2)

+Gs=inv(s*I-A)*B

+Hs=[H1s;H2s]

+Us=[U1s;U2s]

+Hs=Gs*Us

+//On comparing

+H1s=Hs(1,1)

+H2s=Hs(2,1)

+U2s=0;

+U1s=1/s;

+H1s=eval(H1s)

+H2s=eval(H2s)

+//On inverse laplace transformations

+H1t=ilaplace(H1s,s,t)

+H2s=ilaplace(H2s,s,t)

diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e93b70b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 3.1

+clc

+s=%s;

+xs=1/(s*(s+1));

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+syms t;

+[A]=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..acda68807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 3.2

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t;

+num=poly([-8 9 -6 0 1],'s','coeff');

+den=s*(s-2)*poly([-2 -1 2 1],'s','coeff');

+xs=syslin('c',num/den);

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+A=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+F3=ilaplace(A(3),s,t);

+F4=ilaplace(A(4),s,t);

+F5=ilaplace(A(5),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2+F3+F4+F5;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.3/Example3_3.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.3/Example3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f1a273ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.3/Example3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 3.3

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t;

+xs=2/(s*(s^2+2*s+2));

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+[A]=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.4/Example3_4.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.4/Example3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78ce8c22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.4/Example3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 3.4

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t;

+xs=2/((s^2+4)*(s+1));

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+[A]=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.5/Example3_5.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.5/Example3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b65e49736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.5/Example3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Example 3.5

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t;

+xs=1/(s*(s^2-2*s+5));

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+[A]=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH3/EX3.6/Example3_6.sce b/46/CH3/EX3.6/Example3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a841414de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH3/EX3.6/Example3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 3.6

+clc

+s=%s;

+syms t;

+xs=1/(s*(s^3+3*s^2+3*s+1));

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+[A]=pfss(xs)

+F1=ilaplace(A(1),s,t);

+F2=ilaplace(A(2),s,t);

+xt=F1+F2;

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

+

diff --git a/46/CH30/EX30.1/Example30_1.sce b/46/CH30/EX30.1/Example30_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04d59a57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH30/EX30.1/Example30_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Example 30.1

+clc

+A1=1;

+A2=1/2;

+R1=1/2;

+R2=2;

+R3=1;

+A=[-1/(R1*A1)-1/(R3*A1) 1/(A1*R1);1/(R1*A2) -1/(R2*A2)-1/(A2*R1)]

+B=[1/A1 0;0 1/A2]

+syms s M1 M2;

+I=eye(2,2)

+Gp=inv(s*I-A)*B

+G11=Gp(1,1)

+G12=Gp(1,2)

+G21=Gp(2,1)

+G22=Gp(2,2)

+M=[M1;M2]

+Cs=inv(s*I-A)*B*M

+M1=1/s;

+M2=0;

+Cs=eval(Cs)

+M1=0;

+M2=1/s;

+Cs=eval(Cs)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH30/EX30.2/Example30_2.sce b/46/CH30/EX30.2/Example30_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..216f176ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH30/EX30.2/Example30_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Example 30.2

+clc

+syms s K1 K2

+Gc11=K1;

+Gc22=K2;

+A1=1;

+A2=1/2;

+R2=2;

+R3=1;

+//In this problem ,Gv is a unit diagonal matrix i.e.,

+Gv1=1;

+Gv2=1;

+A=[-1/(R1*A1)-1/(R3*A1) 1/(A1*R1);1/(R1*A2) -1/(R2*A2)-1/(A2*R1)]

+B=[1/A1 0;0 1/A2]

+I=eye(2,2)

+Gp=inv(s*I-A)*B

+G11=Gp(1,1)

+G12=Gp(1,2)

+G21=Gp(2,1)

+G22=Gp(2,2)

+Gc12=-G12*Gv2*Gc22/(G11*Gv1)

+Gc21=-G21*Gv1*Gc11/(G22*Gv2)

+Gv=[Gv1 0;0 Gv2]

+Gc=[Gc11 Gc12;Gc21 Gc22]

+Go=Gp*Gv*Gc;

+Go=simple(Go)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH30/EX30.3/Example30_3.sce b/46/CH30/EX30.3/Example30_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77fc98570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH30/EX30.3/Example30_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Example 30.3

+clc

+A1=1;

+A2=1/2;

+R1=1/2;

+R2=2;

+R3=1;

+Gc11=K1;

+Gc22=K2;

+Gc12=0;

+Gc21=0;

+A=[-1/(R1*A1)-1/(R3*A1) 1/(A1*R1);1/(R1*A2) -1/(R2*A2)-1/(A2*R1)]

+B=[1/A1 0;0 1/A2]

+syms s;

+I=eye(2,2)

+Gp=inv(s*I-A)*B

+G11=Gp(1,1)

+G12=Gp(1,2)

+G21=Gp(2,1)

+G22=Gp(2,2)

+Gv1=1;

+Gv2=1;

+Gm=I

+Gv=[Gv1 0;0 Gv2]

+Gc=[Gc11 Gc12;Gc21 Gc22]

+Go=Gp*Gv*Gc;

+Go=simple(Go)

+//From Eq.(30.32)

+P=det(I+Go*Gm)

+disp('=0',simple(P))

+

diff --git a/46/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce b/46/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68cec8dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Example 4.1

+clc

+s=%s;

+num=poly(1,'s','coeff');

+den=s*poly([1 3 3 1],'s','coeff');

+xs=num/den;

+disp(xs,'xs=')

+syms s;

+xt=limit(s*xs,s,0);//final value theorem

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce b/46/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94ce2e3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Example 4.2

+clc

+s=%s;

+num=poly([-8 0 9 -6 1],'s','coeff');

+den=s*(s-2)*poly([-2 -1 2 1],'s','coeff')

+xs=num/den;

+disp(xs,'x(s)=')

+disp(s*xs,'s*x(s)=')

+[A]=pfss(s*xs)

+printf("since xs becomes infinite for s=1 and s=2, the conditions of the final value theorem are not satisfied\n")

+printf("Final value theorem is not applicable \n")

+

diff --git a/46/CH4/EX4.4/Example4_4.sce b/46/CH4/EX4.4/Example4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b675b8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH4/EX4.4/Example4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Example 4.4

+clc

+syms t s a k;

+xt=laplace('%e^(-a*t)*cos(k*t)',t,s);

+disp(xt,'x(t)=')

+x

+

+

diff --git a/46/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce b/46/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f5368ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Example 5.1

+tau=0.1;//min

+xs=90;//degrees

+A=10;//degrees

+Y_inf=10;//degrees

+Y_t=8;//degrees

+//Substituting into Eq.(5.12) the appropriate values of Y_t,A,and tau gives

+t=-0.1*logm(1-(Y_t/A));//min

+disp('min',t,'time=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/46/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce b/46/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..475584914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//Example 5.2

+clear

+clc

+tau=0.1;//min

+xs=100;//Fahrenheit

+ys=100;//Fahrenheit

+A=2;//Fahrenheit

+f=10/%pi;//cycles/min

+w=2*%pi*f;//rad/min

+//From Eq.(5.25), the amplitude of the response and the phase angle are calculated;thus

+disp('Fahrenheit',A/sqrt((tau*w)^2+1),'A/sqrt((tau*w)^2+1)=')

+phi=atan(-w*tau);//radians

+phi=phi*180/%pi;//degrees

+disp('degrees',phi,'phase lag=')

+t=0:0.01:1;

+//From Eq.(5.19), the input of the thermometer is  therefore

+disp("X(t)=2*sin(20*t)");

+//or

+xt=xs+2*sin(20*t);

+//The response of the thermometer is therefore

+disp("Y(t)=0.8944*sin(20*t-63.4349)")

+//or

+yt=ys+0.8944*sin(20*t-63.4349);

+Lag=phi/(360*f);//min

+Lag=abs(Lag);//min

+disp('min',Lag,'Lag=')

+clf;

+plot(t,yt)

+plot(t,xt)

+xlabel('time')

+ylabel('x(t) , y(t)')

+title('x(t) , y(t) Vs time')

+xgrid

+

+

diff --git a/46/CH5/EX5.2/figure5_2.jpg b/46/CH5/EX5.2/figure5_2.jpg
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8b463c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH5/EX5.2/figure5_2.jpg
diff --git a/46/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce b/46/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc04a958a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Example 6.1

+clc;

+syms s t;

+tau=1;//min

+R=1/9;//ft/cfm

+A=9;

+//from Equation 6.8

+g=R/(tau*s+1);

+disp(g,'H(s)/Q(s)=')

+//from Example 4.5 

+disp('Q(t)=90[u(t)-u(t-0.1)')

+//where u(t) is a unit step function, the laplace transform of it gives

+Qs=90*(1-exp(-0.1*s))/s

+disp(Qs,'Q(s)=')

+Hs=Qs*g;

+disp(Hs,'H(s)=')

+//taking first term for t<0.1, the second term goes equals to zero

+Ht=ilaplace('10*(1/(s*(s+1)))',s,t);//t<0.1

+disp(Ht,'H(t)=')

+disp('H(t)=10(1-yexp(-(-t-0.1)))')//t>0.1

+Ht=10*((1-exp(-t))-(1-exp(-(-t-0.1))));

+disp(Ht,'H(t)=')

+//from Eq.(5.16)

+Ht=R*A*exp(-(t/tau));//impulse 

+disp(Ht,'H(t)=')

+

diff --git a/46/CH7/EX7.1/Example7_1.sce b/46/CH7/EX7.1/Example7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..088c1ca88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/46/CH7/EX7.1/Example7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Example 7.1

+clc

+s=%s;

+tau1=0.5;

+tau2=1;

+R2=1;

+//From Eq.(7.8)

+g=R2/((tau1*s+1)*(tau2*s+1))

+disp(g,'H2(s)/Q(s)=')

+Qs=1/s;

+H2s=g*Qs;

+disp(H2s,'H2(s)=')

+syms t;

+H2t=ilaplace(H2s,s,t);

+disp(H2t,'H2(t)=')
\ No newline at end of file