15 files changed, 697 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a58d18d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+L=3000 //mm //Length
+d1=1000 //mm //Internal diameter
+t=15 //mm //Thickness
+P=1.5 //N/mm**2 //Fluid Pressure
+E=2*10**5 //n/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity
+mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Hoop stress
+f1=P*d1*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Longitudinal Stress
+f2=P*d1*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Max shear stress
+q_max=(f1-f2)*2**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Diametrical Strain
+//Let e1=dell_d*d**-1  .....................(1)
+e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1 
+
+//Sub values in equation 1 and further simplifying we get
+dell_d=e1*d1 //mm
+
+//Longitudinal strain
+//e2=dell_L*L**-1      ......................(2)
+e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1 
+
+//Sub values in equation 2 and further simplifying we get
+dell_L=e2*L //mm
+
+//Change in Volume 
+//Let Z=dell_V*V**-1      ................(3)
+Z=2*e1+e2
+
+//Sub values in equation 3 and further simplifying we get
+dell_V=Z*%pi*4**-1*d1**2*L
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Max Intensity of shear stress %0.2f  N/mm**2",q_max)
+printf("\n Change in the Dimensions of the shell is:dell_d %0.2f  mm",dell_d)
+printf("\n                                         :dell_L %0.2f  mm",dell_L)
+printf("\n                                         :dell_V %0.2f  mm**3",dell_V)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f02a0b052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter 
+d2=200 //mm //Internal Diameter
+p=14 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure
+t=50 //mm //Thickness
+r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter
+r2=100 //mm //Internal Diameter
+
+//Calculations
+
+//From Lame's Equation
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a //N/mm**2    ...................(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2   ...................(2)
+
+//At 
+p_x=14 //N/mm**2
+
+//Sub value of p_x in equation 1 we get
+//14=(100)**-1*b-a    ............................(3)
+
+//At
+p_x2=0 //N/mm**2
+
+//Sub value in equation 1 we get
+//0=b*(150**2)**-1-a   ......................(4)
+
+//From Equations 3 and 4 we get
+//14=b*(100**2)**-1-b*(100**2)**-1
+//After sub values and further simplifying we get
+b=14*100**2*150**2*(150**2-100**2)**-1
+
+//From equation 4 we get
+a=b*(150**2)**-1
+
+//Hoop Stress
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2
+
+//At 
+x=100 //mm
+F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2
+
+//At
+x2=125 //mm
+F_x2=b*(x2**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2
+
+//At
+x3=150 //mm
+F_x3=b*(x3**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2
+
+//If thin Cyclindrical shell theory is used,hoop stress is uniform and is given by
+F=p*d2*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Percentage error in estimating max hoop tension
+E=(F_x-F)*F_x**-1*100 //%
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Max Hoop Stress Developed in the cross-section is %0.2f  N/mm**2",F)
+printf("\n Plot of Variation of hoop stress")
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a29dbff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.12/Ex8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter 
+d2=200 //mm //Internal Diameter
+p=12 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure
+F_max=16 //N/mm**2 //Tensile stress
+r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter
+r2=100 //mm //Internal Diameter
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Let p_o be the External Pressure applied.
+//From LLame's theorem
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a   ..............(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a   ...........................(2)
+
+//Now At
+x=100 //mm
+p_x=12 //N/mm**2
+//sub in equation 1 we get
+//12=b*(100**2)**-1-a    . ..................(3)
+
+//The Max Hoop stress occurs at least value of x where
+//16=b*(100**2)**-1+a      .......................(4)
+
+//From Equations 1 and 2 we get
+//28=b*(100**2)**-1+b*(100**2)**-1
+//After furhter Simplifying we get
+b=28*100**2*2**-1
+
+//sub in equation 1 we get
+a=-(12-(b*(100**2)**-1))
+
+//Thus At
+x2=150 //mm
+p_o=b*(x2**2)**-1-a
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Minimum External applied is %0.2f  N/mm**2",p_o)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..320b02e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.13/Ex8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d1=160 //mm //Internal Diameter 
+r1=80 //mm //External Diameter
+p1=40 //N/mm**2 //Internal Diameter
+P_max=120 //N/mm**2 //Allowable stress
+
+//Calculations
+
+//From Lame's Equation we have
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a       ..........................(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a      ...........................(2)
+
+//At 
+//Sub in equation 1 we get
+//120=b*(80**2)**-1+a     ........................(3)
+
+//The hoop tension at inner edge is max stress
+//Hence
+//120=b*(80**2)**-1+a    .............................(4)
+
+//From Equation 3 and 4 we get
+b=160*80**2*2**-1 
+
+//Sub in equation 3 we get
+a=-(40-(b*(80**2)**-1))
+
+//Let External radius be r_o.Since at External Surface is Zero,we get
+//0=b*(r_o)**-1-a
+//After Further simplifying we get
+r_o=(b*a**-1)**0.5
+
+//Thickness of Cyclinder 
+t=r_o-r1 //mm
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Thickness Required is %0.2f  mm",t)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b923e1abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.14/Ex8_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d_o=300 //mm //Outside diameter 
+d1=180 //mm //Internal Diameter
+p=12 //N/mm**2 //internal Fluid pressure
+p_o=6 //N/mm**2 //External Pressure
+r_o=150 //mm //Outside Diameter
+r=90 //mm //Internal Diameter
+
+
+//Calculations
+
+//From Lame's Equation we have
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a       ..........................(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a      ...........................(2)
+
+//At 
+x=90 //N/mm**2 
+r1=90 //N/mm**2 
+p=42 //N/mm**2
+//Sub in equation 1 we get
+//42=b*(90**2)**-1-a       ..............................(3)
+
+//At 
+p2=6 //N/mm**2
+//sub in equation 1 we get
+//6=b*(150**2)**-1-a   ..............................(4)
+
+//From equations 3 and 4  weget
+//36=b*(90**2)**-1-b2(150**2)**-1
+//After further simplifying we get
+b=36*90**2*150**2*(150**2-90**2)**-1
+
+//Sub value of b in equation 4 we get
+a=b*(150**2)**-1-p_o
+
+//At 
+F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a //N/mm**2
+
+//At 
+x2=150 //mm 
+r=150 //mm 
+
+F_x2=b*(x2**2)**-1+a  //N/mm**2
+
+//Now if External pressure is doubled i.e p_o2=12 //N/mm**2 We have
+p_o2=12 //N/mm**2
+//sub in equation 4 we get
+//12=b2*(150**2)**-1-a2                    ..........................(5)
+
+//Max Hoop stress is to be 70.5 //N/mm**2,which occurs at x=r1=90 //mm
+//Sub in equation 4 we get
+//70.5=b*(90**2)**-1+a2           ................................(6)
+
+//Adding equation 5 and 6
+//82.5=b2*(150**2)**-1+b*(90**2)**-1
+//After furhter simplifying we get
+b2=82.5*150**2*90**2*(150**2+90**2)**-1
+
+//Sub in equation 5 we get
+a2=b2*(150**2)**-1-12 
+
+//If p_i is the internal pressure required then from Lame's theorem
+p_i=b2*(r1**2)**-1-a2
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Stresses int the material are:F_x %0.2f  N/mm**2",F_x)
+printf("\n                              :F_x2 %0.2f  N/mm**2",F_x2)
+printf("\n Internal Pressure that can be maintained is %0.2f  N/mm**2",p_i)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17ed164c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.16/Ex8_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+do=200 //mm //Inner Diameter
+r_o=100 //mm //Inner radius
+d1=300 //mm //outer diameter
+r1=150 //mm //Outer radius
+d2=250 //mm //Junction Diameter
+r2=125 //mm //Junction radius
+E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus of Elasticity
+p=30 //N/mm**2 //radial pressure
+
+//Calculations
+
+//from Lame's Equation we get
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a       ..........................(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a      ...........................(2)
+
+//Then from Boundary condition 
+//p_x=0 at x=100 //mm
+//0=b1*(100**2)**-1-a1     .....................(3)
+
+//p_x2=30 //N/mm**2 at x2=125 //mm
+//30=b1*(125**2)**-1-a1    ................................(4)
+
+//From equation 3 and 4 we get
+b1=30*125**2*100**2*(100**2-125**2)**-1
+
+//From Equation 3 we get
+a1=b1*(100**2)**-1
+
+//therefore Hoop stress in inner cyclinder at junction
+F_2_1=b1*(125**2)**-1+a1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Outer Cyclinder
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a       ..........................(5)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a      ...........................(6)
+
+//Now at x=125 //mm
+//p_x3=30 //N/mm**2
+//30=b2*(125**2)**-1-a2     ..................................(7)
+
+//At x=150 //mm
+//p_x4=0
+//0=b2*(150**2)**-1-a2     ...................................(8)
+
+//From equations 7 and 8
+b2=30*150**2*125**2*(150**2-125**2)**-1
+
+//From eqauation 8 we get
+a2=b2*(150**2)**-1
+
+//Hoop stress at junction 
+F_2_0=b2*(125**2)**-1+a2 //N/mm**2
+
+rho_r=(F_2_0-F_2_1)*E**-1*r2
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Shrinkage Allowance is %0.3f  mm",rho_r)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d7860c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.17/Ex8_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d_o=500 //mm //Outer Diameter
+r_o=250 //mm //Outer Radius
+d1=300 //mm //Inner Diameter
+r1=150 //mm //Inner Radius
+d2=400 //mm //Junction Diameter
+E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2 //Modulus ofElasticity
+alpha=12*10**-6 //Per degree celsius
+dell_d=0.2 //mm
+dell_r=0.1 //mm
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Let p be the radial pressure developed at junction
+//Let Lame's Equation for internal cyclinder be
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a   ................................(1)
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a     ...............................(2)
+
+//At 
+x=150 //mm 
+p_x=0
+//Sub in equation 1 we get
+//0=b*(150**2)**-1-a    .........................(3)
+
+//At 
+x2=200 //mm
+//p_x2=p
+//p=b*(200**2)**-1-a    ......................(4)
+  
+//From Equation 3 and 4
+//p=b*(200**2)**-1-b(150**2)**-1
+//after further simplifying we get
+//b=-51428.571*p
+
+//sub in equation 3 we get
+//a1=-2.2857*p
+
+//therefore hoop stress at junction is
+//F_2_1=-21428.571*p*(200**2)**-1-2.2857*p
+//after Further simplifying we geet
+//F_2_1=3.5714*p
+
+//Let Lame's Equation for cyclinder be 
+//p_x=b*(x**2)**-1-a    .........................5
+//F_x=b*(x**2)**-1+a   .............................6
+
+//At 
+x=200 //mm
+//p_x=p2
+//p2=b2*(20**2)**-1-a2    ...................7
+
+//At
+x2=200 //mm
+p_x2=0
+//0=b2*(250**2)**-1-a2    ....................8
+
+//from equation 7 and 8 we get
+//p2=b2*(200**2)**-1-b2*(250**2)**-1
+//After further simplifying we get
+//p2=b2*(250**2-200**2)*(200**2*250**2)**-1
+//b2=111111.11*p
+
+//from equation 7
+//a2=b2*(250**2)**-1
+//further simplifying we get
+//a2=1.778*p
+
+//At the junctionhoop stress in outer cyclinder 
+//F_2_0=b2*(200**2)**-1+a2
+//After further simplifying we get
+//F_2_0=4.5556*p
+
+//Considering circumferential strain,the compatibility condition
+//rho_r*r2**-1=1*E**-1*(F_2_1+F_2_0)
+//where F_2_1 is compressive and F_2_0 is tensile
+//furter simplifying we get
+p=0.1*200**-1*2*10**5*(3.5714+4.5556)**-1
+
+//Let T be the rise in temperature required
+//dell_d=d*alpha*T
+//After sub values and further simplifying we get
+d=250 //mm
+T=dell_d*(d*alpha)**-1 //Per degree celsius
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Radial Pressure Developed at junction %0.2f  N/mm**2",p)
+printf("\n Min Temperatureto outer cyclinder %0.2f  Per degree Celsius",T)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea64b7d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+L=2000 //mm //Length
+d=200 //mm // diameter
+t=10 //mm //Thickness
+dell_V=25000 //mm**3 //Additional volume
+E=2*10**5 //n/mm**2 //Modulus of elasticity
+mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Let p be the pressure developed
+
+//Circumferential Stress
+
+//f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+//After sub values and further simplifying
+//f1=10*p
+
+//f1=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+//After sub values and further simplifying
+//f1=5*p
+
+//Diameterical strain = Circumferential stress
+//Let X=dell_d*d**-1     ................................(1)
+//X=e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1 
+//After sub values and further simplifying
+//e1=8.5*p*E**-1
+
+//Longitudinal strain
+//Let Y=dell_L*L**-1    ......................................(2)
+//Y=e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1 
+//After sub values and further simplifying
+//e2=2*p*E**-1
+
+//Volumetric strain
+//Let X=dell_V*V**-1    
+//X=2*e1+e2
+//After sub values and further simplifying
+//X=19*p*E**-1
+//After further simplifying we get
+p=dell_V*(%pi*4**-1*d**2*L)**-1*E*19**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Hoop Stress
+f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1
+
+//Sub value of X in equation 1 we get
+dell_d=8.5*p*E**-1*d
+
+//Sub value of Y in equation 2 we get
+dell_L=2*p*E**-1*L
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Pressure Developed is %0.2f  N/mm**2",p)
+printf("\n Hoop stress Developed is %0.2f  N/mm**2",f1)
+printf("\n Change in diameter is %0.2f  mm",dell_d)
+printf("\n Change in Length is %0.2f  mm",dell_L)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf692919b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d=750 //mm //Diameter of water supply pipes
+h=50*10**3 //mm //Water head
+sigma=20 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress
+rho=9810*10**-9 //N/mm**3
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Pressure of water
+P=rho*h //N/mm**2
+
+//Stress
+//sigma=p*d*(2*t)**-1
+//After further simplifying
+t=P*d*(2*sigma)**-1 //mm 
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Thickness of seamless pipe is %0.3f  mm",t)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..536feaeea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d=2500 //mm //Diameter of riveted boiler
+P=1 //N/mm**2 //Pressure
+rho1=0.7 //Percent efficiency
+rho2=0.4 //Circumferential joints
+sigma=150 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Equating Bursting force to longitudinal joint strength ,we get
+//p*d*L=rho1*2*t*L*sigma
+//After rearranging and further simplifying we get
+t=P*d*(2*sigma*rho1)**-1 //mm
+
+//Considering Longitudinal force
+//%pi*d**2*4**-1*P=rho2*%pi*d*t*sigma
+//After rearranging and further simplifying we get
+t2=P*d*(4*sigma*rho2)**-1
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Thickness of plate required is %0.2f  mm",t)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a11dcc63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+//Boiler Dimensions
+t=16 //mm //Thickness
+p=2 //N/mm**2 //internal pressure
+f=150 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress
+rho1=0.75 //Longitudinal joints
+rho2=0.45 //circumferential joints
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Equating Bursting force to longitudinal joint strength ,we get
+d1=rho1*2*t*f*p**-1 //mm
+
+//Considering circumferential strength 
+d2=4*rho2*t*f*p**-1 //mm
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Largest diameter of Boiler is %0.2f  mm",d1)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..769bbd3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d=250 //mm //Diameter iron pipe
+t=10 //mm //Thickness
+d2=6 //mm //Diameter of steel
+p=80 //N/mm**2 //stress
+P=3 //N/mm**2 //Pressure
+E_c=1*10**5 //N/mm**2
+mu=0.3 //Poissons ratio
+E_s=2*10**5 //N/mm**2
+n=1 //No.of wires
+
+//Calculations
+
+L=6 //mm //Length of cyclinder
+
+//Force Exerted by steel wire at diameterical section
+F=p*2*%pi*d2**2*1*4**-1 //N
+
+//Initial stress in cyclinder
+f_c=F*(2*t*d2)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//LEt due to fluid pressure alone stresses developed in steel wire be F_w and in cyclinder f1 and f2
+f2=P*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Considering the equilibrium of half the cyclinder, 6mm long we get
+//F_w*2*%pi*4**-1*d2**2*n+f1*2*t*d2=P*d*d2
+//After further simplifying we get
+//F_w+2.122*f1=79.58        . ......................................(1)
+
+//Equating strain in wire to circumferential strain in cyclinder 
+//F_w=(f1-mu*f2)*E_s*E_c**-1 //N/mm**2
+//After further simplifying we get
+//F_w=2*f1-11.25    ....................................(2)
+
+//Sub in equation in1 we get
+f1=(79.58+11.25)*(4.122)**-1 //N/mm**2
+F_w=2*f1-11.25  //N/mm**2
+
+//Final stresses
+//1) In steel Wir
+sigma=F_w+p //N/mm**2
+
+//2) In Cyclinde
+sigma2=f1-f_c
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Final Stresses developed in:cyclinder is %0.2f  N/mm**2",sigma)
+printf("\n                            :Steel is %0.2f  N/mm**2",sigma2)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..134c16ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d=750 //mm //Diameter of shell
+t=8 //mm //THickness
+p=2.5 //N/mm**2
+E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2
+mu=0.25 //Poissons ratio
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Hoop stress
+f1=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+f2=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Change in Diameter
+dell_d=d*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1 //mm
+
+//Change in Volume
+dell_V=3*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1*%pi*6**-1*d**3
+
+//Answer for Change in diameter is incorrect in book
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Stress introduced is %0.2f  N/mm**2",f1)
+printf("\n Change in Diameter is %0.2f  N/mm**2",dell_d)
+printf("\n Change in Volume is %0.2f  mm**3",dell_V)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ae842bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+d=600 //mm //Diameter of sherical shell
+t=10 //mm //Thickness
+f=80 //N/mm**2 //Permissible stress
+rho=0.75 //Efficiency joint
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Max Pressure
+p=f*4*t*rho*d**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Max Pressure is %0.2f  N/mm**2",p)
diff --git a/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..884b6515e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3864/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+clear
+//
+//
+
+//Initilization of Variables
+
+L=1000 //mm //Length of shell
+d=200 //mm //Diameter
+t=6 //mm //Thickness
+p=1.5 //N/mm**2 //Internal Pressure
+E=2*10**5 //N/mm**2
+mu=0.25 //Poissons Ratio
+
+//Calculations
+
+//Change in Volume of sphere
+dell_V_s=3*p*d*(1-mu)*(4*t*E)**-1*%pi*6**-1*d**3
+
+//Hoop stress
+f1=p*d*(2*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Longitudinal stress
+f2=p*d*(4*t)**-1 //N/mm**2
+
+//Principal strain
+e1=(f1-mu*f2)*E**-1
+e2=(f2-mu*f1)*E**-1
+
+V_c=1000 //mm**3
+
+//Change in Volume of cyclinder
+dell_V_c=(2*e1+e2)*%pi*4**-1*d**2*L
+
+//Total Change in Diameter
+dell_V=dell_V_s+dell_V_c //mm**3
+
+//Result
+printf("\n Change in Volume is %0.2f  mm**3",dell_V)