diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3669')
121 files changed, 1646 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..239ed86dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge of electron(c)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; //permittivity(C/Nm)
+r0=236*10**-12; //seperation(m)
+IE=5.14; //ionisation energy of Na(eV)
+Ea=-3.65; //electron affinity(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+V=-e**2/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0);
+BE=IE+Ea+(V); //bond energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('bond energy is %0.3f eV \n',(BE))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.2/2.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e25b66476 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.602*10**-19; //charge of electron(c)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; //permittivity(C/Nm)
+r0=0.314*10**-9; //seperation(m)
+A=1.75; //madelung constant
+n=5.77; //repulsive exponent value
+IE=4.1; //ionisation energy of K(eV)
+Ea=3.6; //electron affinity(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+E=-A*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0); //energy(eV)
+Ce=E/2; //cohesive energy per atom(eV)
+x=IE-Ea; //energy(eV)
+CE=Ce+(x/2); //total cohesive energy per atom(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('total cohesive energy per atom is %0.3f eV \n',(CE))
+printf('answer varies due to ing off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.3/3.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..893939b31 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.602*10**-19; //charge of electron(c)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; //permittivity(C/Nm)
+r0=0.281*10**-9; //seperation(m)
+alpham=1.748; //madelung constant
+n=9; //repulsive exponent value
+
+//Calculation
+E=-alpham*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0); //cohesive energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('cohesive energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.4/4.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39c446e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge of electron(c)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; //permittivity(C/Nm)
+r0=2.5*10**-10; //seperation(m)
+
+//Calculation
+PE=e**2/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0); //potential energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('potential energy is %0.3f eV \n',(PE))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.5/5.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..121913e1f --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+m=1;
+n=9; //repulsive exponent value
+a=1.748*10**-28;
+r0=0.281*10**-9; //seperation(m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+//Calculation
+Ur0=-a*(1-(m/n))/(e*r0**m); //cohesive energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('cohesive energy is %0.3f eV \n',(Ur0))
diff --git a/3669/CH1/EX1.6/6.sce b/3669/CH1/EX1.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb6540e94 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH1/EX1.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge of electron(c)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12; //permittivity(C/Nm)
+r0=0.281*10**-9; //seperation(m)
+IE=5.14; //ionisation energy of Na(eV)
+Ea=-3.61; //electron affinity(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+V=-e**2/(4*e*%pi*epsilon0*r0);
+CE=IE+Ea+(V); //cohesive energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('cohesive energy is %0.3f eV \n',CE)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce b/3669/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..254485c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH10/EX10.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+c=3*10**8; //velocity of light(m/s)
+lamda=1.55*10**-6; //wavelength(m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+Eg=h*c/(lamda*e); //energy gap(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy gap is %0.3f eV \n',(Eg))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce b/3669/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e884281ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH10/EX10.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+c=3*10**8; //velocity of light(m/s)
+Eg=1.44; //energy gap(eV)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=h*c/(Eg*e); //wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength is %0.3f angstrom \n',(lamda*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc278891a --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.48; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.45; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+theta0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+thetac=asin(n2/n1); //critical angle(radian)
+thetac=thetac*180/%pi; //critical angle(degrees)
+thetac_m=60*(thetac-int(thetac));
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1; //fractional refractive indices change
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',int(theta0),(theta0_m))
+printf('critical angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',int(thetac),int(thetac_m))
+printf('fractional refractive indices change is %0.3f \n',(delta))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.10/10.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa5a22b12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.45; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.44; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1; //fractional refractive indices change
+
+//Result
+printf('fractional refractive indices change is %0.3f *10**-3 \n',(delta*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.11/11.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39b5879f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.50; //refractive index of core
+delta=4/100; //fractional refractive indices change
+
+//Calculation
+n2=n1-(n1*delta); //refractive index of cladding
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+theta0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+thetac=asin(n2/n1); //critical angle(radian)
+thetac=thetac*180/%pi; //critical angle(degrees)
+thetac_m=60*(thetac-int(thetac));
+
+//Result
+printf('refractive index of cladding is %0.3f \n',n2)
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',int(theta0),int(theta0_m))
+printf('critical angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes\n',int(thetac),int(thetac_m))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.12/12.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..904071c0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.563; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.498; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+theta0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',int(theta0),(theta0_m))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5baa4ac13 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.563; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.498; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+theta0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes\n',int(theta0),(theta0_m))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be1227a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.563; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.498; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1; //fractional refractive indices change
+
+//Result
+printf('fractional refractive indices change is %0.3f \n',(delta))
diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b31859731 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.55; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.50; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.5/5.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f720d8679 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+NA=0.39; //numerical aperture
+n1_n2=0.05; //difference in refractive indices
+
+//Calculation
+x=NA**2/n1_n2;
+n2=(x-n1_n2)/2; //refractive index of cladding
+n1=n2+n1_n2; //refractive index of core
+
+//Result
+printf('refractive index of core is %0.3f \n',n1)
+printf('refractive index of cladding is %0.3f \n',n2)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.6/6.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b31859731 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.55; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.50; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.7/7.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72147e5cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n1=1.48; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.45; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Calculation
+NA=sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)); //numerical aperture
+theta0=asin(NA); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+
+//Result
+printf('numerical aperture is %0.3f \n',(NA))
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',int(theta0),(theta0_m))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.8/8.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..106b6d054 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+NA=0.33; //numerical aperture
+delta=0.02; //fractional refractive indices change
+
+//Calculation
+x=1-delta
+y=sqrt(1-x**2);
+n1=NA/y; //refractive index of core
+n2=n1*x; //refractive index of cladding
+
+//Result
+printf('refractive index of core is %0.3f \n',(n1))
+printf('refractive index of cladding is %0.3f \n',(n2))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH11/EX11.9/9.sce b/3669/CH11/EX11.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..913d86828 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH11/EX11.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+NA=0.20; //numerical aperture
+n2=1.59; //refractive index of cladding
+n0=1.33; //refractive index of water
+
+//Calculation
+n1=sqrt(NA**2+n2**2); //refractive index of core
+theta0=asin(NA/n0); //acceptance angle(radian)
+theta0=theta0*180/%pi; //acceptance angle(degrees)
+theta0_m=60*(theta0-int(theta0));
+theta0_s=60*(theta0_m-int(theta0_m));
+
+//Result
+printf('acceptance angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds \n',int(theta0),int(theta0_m),(theta0_s))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.1/1.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a9c09087 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+I1=10; //intensity(w/m**2)
+I2=25; //intensity(w/m**2)
+
+//Calculation
+a1bya2=sqrt(I1/I2);
+I=((1+a1bya2)**2)/((a1bya2-1)**2); //ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity
+
+//Result
+printf('ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is %0.3f \n',(I))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.10/10.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92acd4c5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+a12=36; //intensity 1
+a22=1; //intensity 2
+
+//Calculation
+a1=sqrt(a12);
+a2=sqrt(a22);
+Imin=(a1-a2)**2; //minimum intensity
+Imax=(a1+a2)**2; //maximum intensity
+r=Imax/Imin;
+
+//Result
+printf('ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is %0.3f \n',(r))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.11/11.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ce285f6e --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+D5=0.3; //diameter of 5th ring(cm)
+D15=0.62; //diameter of 15th ring(cm)
+
+//Calculation
+D_25=2*(D15**2)-(D5**2);
+D25=sqrt(D_25); //diameter of 25th ring(cm)
+
+//Result
+printf('diameter of 25th ring is %0.3f cm \n',(D25))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.2/2.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c4f60457 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=5460*10**-10; //wavelength(m)
+d=1*10**-4; //seperation(m)
+D=2; //distance(m)
+n=10; //position
+
+//Calculation
+Xmax10=n*lamda*D/d;
+tan_phi=Xmax10/D;
+phi_max10=atan(tan_phi);
+phi_max10=phi_max10*180/%pi; //angular position of 10th maximum(degrees)
+phim=60*(phi_max10-int(phi_max10));
+phis=60*(phim-int(phim));
+xmin1=lamda*D/(2*d);
+tan_phi1=xmin1/D;
+phi_min1=atan(tan_phi1);
+phi_min1=phi_min1*180/%pi; //angular position of 1st minimum(degrees)
+phi_m=60*(phi_min1-int(phi_min1));
+phi_s=60*(phi_m-int(phi_m));
+
+//Result
+printf('angular position of 10th maximum is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds \n',int(phi_max10),int(phim),(phis))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
+printf('angular position of 1st minimum is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes %0.3f seconds \n',int(phi_min1),int(phi_m),int(phi_s))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.3/3.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f038f744 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mew=1.33; //refractive index of soap
+t=5000*10**-10; //thickness(m)
+n0=0;
+n1=1;
+n2=2;
+n3=3;
+
+//Calculation
+x=4*mew*t;
+lamda1=x/((2*n0)+1); //for n=0
+lamda2=x/((2*n1)+1); //for n=1
+lamda3=x/((2*n2)+1); //for n=2
+lamda4=x/((2*n3)+1); //for n=3
+
+//Result
+printf('%0.3f angstrom lies in the visible region', lamda3*10**10)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.4/4.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e8fe2283 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+D15=0.59*10**-2; //diameter of 15th ring(m)
+D5=0.336*10**-2; //diameter of 5th ring(m)
+R=1; //radius(m)
+m=10;
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=((D15**2)-(D5**2))/(4*m*R); //wavelength of light(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength of light is %0.3f angstrom \n',int(lamda*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.5/5.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d745a866c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+D10=0.5*10**-2; //diameter of 10th ring(m)
+lamda=5900*10**-10; //wavelength of light(m)
+n=10;
+
+//Calculation
+R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda); //radius of curvature(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('radius of curvature is %0.3f m \n',(R))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.6/6.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fcb2111b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda1=650*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+lamda2=500*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+D=1; //distance(m)
+d=0.5*10**-3; //seperation(m)
+n=10;
+
+//Calculation
+x=n*lamda1*D/d; //least distance of the point(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('least distance of the point is %0.3f mm \n',int(x*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.7/7.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21bf9989a --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=500*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+n=10;
+D10=2*10**-3; //diameter(m)
+
+//Calculation
+r10=D10/2; //radius(m)
+R=D10**2/(4*n*lamda);
+t=r10**2/(2*R); //thickness(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('thickness is %0.3f micro m \n',t*10**6)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.8/8.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9f2d3ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+d=0.2*10**-3; //seperation(m)
+lamda=550*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+D=1; //diameter(m)
+
+//Calculation
+beta=lamda*D/d; //fringe width(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('fringe width is %0.3f mm \n',beta*10**3)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH14/EX14.9/9.sce b/3669/CH14/EX14.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cc75b28e --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH14/EX14.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=500*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+D=2; //diameter(m)
+beta=(5/100)*10**-2; //fringe width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+d=lamda*D/beta; //separation between slits(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('separation between slits is %0.3f mm \n',int(d*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9525d9e00 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+r=0.1249; //atomic radius(nm)
+n=2; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculation
+a=4*r/sqrt(3); //edge length(m)
+V=a**3; //volume(nm**3)
+v=4*%pi*r**3*n/3; //volume of atoms(nm**3)
+Fv=V-v; //free volume/unit cell(nm**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('free volume/unit cell is %0.3f nm**3 \n',(Fv))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa0ab8828 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=2; //number of atoms
+M=6.94; //atomic weight(kg)
+rho=530; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+a3=n*M/(rho*Na);
+a=a3**(1/3); //lattice constant(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom \n',(a*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d644b741 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=2; //number of atoms
+M=55.85; //atomic weight(kg)
+rho=7860; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+a3=n*M/(rho*Na);
+a=a3**(1/3); //lattice constant(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('lattice constant is %0.3f angstrom \n',(a*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0d57b6a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+a=0.356*10**-9; //lattice constant(m)
+n=8; //number of atoms
+
+//Calculation
+N=n/a**3; //number of atoms per m**3
+
+//Result
+printf('//number of atoms per m**3 is %0.3f *10**27 \n',(N/10**27))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f3de1c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+a=3.5; //lattice constant(angstrom)
+
+//Calculation
+A=a**2;
+N=10**7*10**7/A; //number of atoms per sq. mm
+
+//Result
+printf('number of atoms per sq. mm is %0.3f *10**12 \n',(N/10**12))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH2/EX2.6/6.sce b/3669/CH2/EX2.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d4285147 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH2/EX2.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=8; //number of atoms
+a=5.62*10**-10; //lattice constant(m)
+M=72.59; //atomic weight(kg)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+rho=n*M/(a**3*Na); //density(kg/m**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('density is %0.3f kg/m**3 \n',(rho))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c31733fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.071*10**-9; //wavelength(m)
+a=0.28*10**-9; //lattice constant(m)
+h=1;
+k=1;
+l=0;
+n=2; //order of diffraction
+
+//Calculation
+d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2);
+x=n*lamda/(2*d);
+theta=asin(x); //angle(radian)
+theta=theta*180/%pi; //glancing angle(degrees)
+
+//Result
+printf('glancing angle is %0.3f degrees \n',int(theta))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8f138d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.54; //wavelength(angstrom)
+h=1;
+k=1;
+l=1;
+n=1;
+theta=19.2; //angle(degrees)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));
+a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); //cube edge of unit cell(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf('cube edge of unit cell is %0.3f angstrom \n',(a))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9890ba6e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=1.54; //wavelength(angstrom)
+h=2;
+k=2;
+l=0;
+n=1;
+theta=38.2; //angle(degrees)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));
+a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); //lattice parameter of nickel(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf('lattice parameter of nickel is %0.3f angstrom \n',(a))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2f8760a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+a=0.36; //edge length(nm)
+h1=1;
+k1=1;
+l1=1;
+h2=3;
+k2=2;
+l2=1;
+
+//Calculation
+d1=a/sqrt(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2); //interplanar spacing for (111)(nm)
+d2=a/sqrt(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2); //interplanar spacing for (321)(nm)
+
+//Result
+printf('interplanar spacing for (111) is %0.3f nm \n',(d1))
+printf('interplanar spacing for (321) is %0.3f nm \n',(d2))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aedb0b938 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.675; //wavelength(angstrom)
+n=3; //order of diffraction
+theta=5+(25/60); //angle(degrees)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=lamda/(2*sin(theta));
+theta3=asin(3*lamda/(2*d)); //glancing angle(radian)
+theta3=theta3*180/%pi; //glancing angle(degrees)
+theta_d=int(theta3);
+theta_m=(theta3-theta_d)*60;
+
+//Result
+printf('glancing angle is %0.3f degrees %0.3f minutes \n',theta_d,int(theta_m))
+printf('glancing angle is %2d degrees %2d minutes ',theta_d,int(theta_m))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.14/14.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.14/14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae6a1ba21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.79; //wavelength(angstrom)
+n=3; //order of diffraction
+d=3.04; //spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Calculation
+x=(n*lamda/(2*d));
+theta=asin(x); //glancing angle(radian)
+theta=theta*180/%pi; //glancing angle(degrees)
+theta_d=int(theta);
+theta_m=(theta-theta_d)*60;
+theta_s=(theta_m-int(theta_m))*60;
+
+//Result
+printf('glancing angle is %2d degrees %2d minutes %2d seconds',theta_d,int(theta_m),int(theta_s))
+printf('answer given in the book is wrong\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d2eef86b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=1; //order of diffraction
+theta1=8+(35/60); //angle(degrees)
+d=0.282; //spacing(nm)
+theta2=90;
+
+//Calculation
+theta1=theta1*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+lamda=2*d*sin(theta1)/n; //wavelength(nm)
+theta2=theta2*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+nmax=2*d/lamda; //maximum order of diffraction
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength is %0.3f nm \n',(lamda))
+printf('maximum order of diffraction is %0.3f \n',(nmax))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19c933ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Variable declaration
+T1=500+273; //temperature(K)
+T2=1000+273; //temperature(K)
+f=1*10**-10; //fraction
+
+//Calculation
+x=(T1/T2);
+y=(log(f));
+w=(x*y);
+F=exp(w); //fraction of vacancy sites
+
+//Result
+printf('fraction of vacancy sites is %0.3f *10**-7 \n',(F*10**7))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f6501756 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Variable declaration
+a=1; //assume
+h1=1;
+k1=0;
+l1=0;
+h2=1;
+k2=1;
+l2=0;
+h3=1;
+k3=1;
+l3=1;
+
+//Calculation
+d100=a*6/(h1**2+k1**2+l1**2);
+d110=a*6/(h2**2+k2**2+l2**2);
+d111=a*(6)/(h3**2+k3**2+l3**2);
+
+//Result
+printf('ratio is %0.3f:%0.3f:%0.3f',sqrt( d100), sqrt(d110), sqrt( d111))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48a6940d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=1; //order of diffraction
+theta=38.2; //angle(degrees)
+lamda=1.54; //wavelength(angstrom)
+h=2;
+k=2;
+l=0;
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*lamda/(2*sin(theta));
+a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); //lattice parameter of nickel(angstrom)
+
+//Result
+printf('lattice parameter of nickel is %0.3f angstrom \n',(a))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..330997620 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+theta=90; //angle(degrees)
+lamda=1.5; //wavelength(angstrom)
+d=1.6; //spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda; //order of diffraction
+
+//Result
+printf('order of diffraction is %0.3f \n',int(n))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3e3a0c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Variable declaration
+h=1;
+k=1;
+l=0;
+d=0.203*10**-9; //spacing(m)
+
+//Calculation
+a=d*sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2); //length of unit cell(m)
+V=a**3; //volume of unit cell(m**3)
+r=sqrt(3)*a/4; //radius of the atom(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('length of unit cell is %0.3f *10**-9 m \n',(a*10**9))
+printf('volume of unit cell is %0.3f *10**-27 m**3 \n',(V*10**27))
+printf('radius of the atom is %0.3f *10**-9 m \n',(r*10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..330997620 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Variable declaration
+theta=90; //angle(degrees)
+lamda=1.5; //wavelength(angstrom)
+d=1.6; //spacing(angstrom)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+n=2*d*sin(theta)/lamda; //order of diffraction
+
+//Result
+printf('order of diffraction is %0.3f \n',int(n))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce b/3669/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2bdc7afb --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH3/EX3.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+lamda=0.065; //wavelength(nm)
+a=0.26; //edge length(nm)
+h=1;
+k=1;
+l=0;
+n=2;
+
+//Calculation
+d=a/sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2);
+x=n*lamda/(2*d);
+theta=asin(x); //glancing angle(radian)
+theta=theta*180/%pi; //glancing angle(degrees)
+theta_d=int(theta);
+theta_m=(theta-theta_d)*60;
+theta_s=(theta_m-int(theta_m))*60;
+
+//Result
+
+printf('glancing angle is %2d degrees %2d minutes %2d seconds',theta_d,int(theta_m),int(theta_s))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55edd4f86 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+E=2000; //energy(eV)
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=h/sqrt(2*m*E*e); //wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength is %0.4f nm\n ',(lamda*10**9))
diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b81b2cf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=2*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+E2=2**2*E1; //energy value in 2nd quantum state(eV)
+E4=4**2*E1; //energy value in 2nd quantum state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy value in 2nd quantum state is %0.3f \n',(E2))
+printf('energy value in 4th quantum state is %0.3d eV\n ',(E4))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.11/11.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9df8441e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+V=344; //potemtial(V)
+n=1;
+theta=60; //angle(degrees)
+
+//Calculation
+theta=theta*%pi/180; //angle(radian)
+d=n*h/(2*sin(theta)*sqrt(2*m*V*e)); //interplanar spacing(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('interplanar spacing is %0.3f angstrom \n',(d*10**10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.12/12.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2822b4134 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=1*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+E3=3**2*E1; //energy value in 2nd quantum state(eV)
+E=E3-E1; //energy required to pump an electron(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy required to pump an electron is %0.3f eV \n',(E))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.13/13.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2702f6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=2*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('minimum energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E1))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.14/14.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.14/14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03a43e8c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+V=1600; //voltage(V)
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=1.227/sqrt(V); //wavelength(nm)
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength is %0.3f angstrom \n',(lamda*10))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37e770be6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.626*10**-34; //planck's constant
+lamda=1.66*10**-10; //wavelength(m)
+
+//Calculation
+v=h/(m*lamda); //velocity(m/s)
+E=h**2/(2*m*e*lamda**2); //kinetic energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('velocity is %0.3f *10**4 m/s \n',(v/10**4))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
+printf('kinetic energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa477893d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=1*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in ground state(eV)
+E2=4*E1; //energy value in 1st state(eV)
+E3=9*E1; //energy value in 2nd state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy value in ground state is %0.4f eV",(E1))
+printf('\nenergy value in 1st state is %0.2f eV",(E2))
+printf('\nenergy value in 2nd state is %0.4f eV",(E3))
diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10b9d85f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=4*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('minimum energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E1))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..822e63ad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+V=15*10**3; //voltage(V)
+
+//Calculation
+lamda=1.227/sqrt(V); //wavelength(nm)
+
+//Result
+printf('wavelength is %0.3f nm \n',(lamda))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5562959c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=0.05*10**-9; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('minimum energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E1))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa2ba9e3b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Variable declaration
+n=1;
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+L=3*10**-10; //width(m)
+
+//Calculation
+E1=n**2*h**2/(8*m*e*L**2); //energy value in g state(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('minimum energy is %0.3f eV \n',(E1))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce b/3669/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..394c3e2f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH4/EX4.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Variable declaration
+me=1.676*10**-27; //mass(kg)
+mn=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+
+//Calculation
+lamda_n=h/sqrt(4*mn*me); //de broglie wavelength(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('de broglie wavelength is %0.3f nm \n',int(lamda_n*10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97213b9ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+fE=1/100; //probability(%)
+E_EF=0.5; //fermi energy(eV)
+Kb=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+e=6.24*10**18; //conversion faction from J to eV
+
+//Calculation
+x=E_EF/(Kb*e);
+y=log(1/fE);
+T=x/y; //temperature(K)
+
+//Result
+printf('temperature is %0.3f K \n',(T))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00683decc --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+EF=5.5*1.602*10**-19; //fermi energy of silver(J)
+tow=3.97*10**-14; //relaxation time(s)
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+vf=sqrt(2*EF/m); //fermi velocity(m/s)
+lamda=vf*tow; //mean free path(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('fermi velocity is %0.3f *10**6 m/s \n',(vf/10**6))
+printf('mean free path is %0.3f *10**-8 m \n',(lamda*10**8))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.11/11.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..809b98a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+ne=1; //number of electrons
+M=107.9; //atomic weight
+D=10500; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.025*10**26; //avagadro number(per k mol)
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+
+//Calculation
+n=ne*Na*D/M;
+x=h**2/(8*m);
+y=(3/%pi)**(2/3);
+Ef=x*y*n**(2/3); //fermi energy(eV)
+
+//Result
+printf('fermi energy is %0.3f *10**-19 J \n',(Ef*10**19))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.12/12.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a9ebbe9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+A=10*10**-6; //area(m**2)
+ne=1; //number of electrons
+I=100; //current(amperes)
+w=63.5; //atomic weight
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge(c)
+D=8.92*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number(per k mol)
+
+//Calculation
+n=ne*Na*D/w;
+J=I/A;
+vd=J/(n*e); //drift velocity of free electrons(m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf('drift velocity of free electrons is %0.3f *10**-3 m/s \n',(vd*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f1c16e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Ef=7*1.602*10**-19; //fermi energy(J)
+h=6.63*10**-34; //planck's constant
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+x=h**2/(8*m);
+y=(3/%pi)**(2/3);
+n23=Ef/(x*y);
+n=n23**(3/2); //total number of free electrons(per m**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('total number of free electrons is %0.3f **10**28 per m**3\n',(n/10**28))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ebb6ff2c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho=1.54*10**-8; //resistivity of metal(ohm m)
+n=5.8*10**28; //number of free electrons(per m**3)
+e=1.602*10**-19; //charge(c)
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+tow=m/(n*e**2*rho); //relaxation time(s)
+
+//Result
+printf('relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-15 s \n',(tow*10**15))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..779069d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho=1.43*10**-8; //resistivity of metal(ohm m)
+n=6.5*10**28; //number of free electrons(per m**3)
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge(c)
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+tow=m/(n*e**2*rho); //relaxation time(s)
+
+//Result
+printf('relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-14 s \n',(tow*10**14))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..260e44e3e --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+L=5; //length(m)
+R=0.06; //resistance(ohm)
+I=15; //current(A)
+ne=3; //number of electrons
+rho=2.7*10**-8; //resistivity(ohm m)
+w=26.98; //atomic weight
+D=2.7*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.025*10**26; //avagadro number(per k mol)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+//Calculation
+n=ne*Na*D/w; //number of conduction electrons(per m**3)
+mew=1/(n*e*rho); //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+vd=I*R/(L*rho*n*e); //drift velocity(m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf('number of conduction electrons is %0.3f *10**29 per m**3 \n',(n/10**29))
+printf('mobility of electrons is %0.3f m**2/Vs \n',(mew))
+printf('drift velocity is %0.3f *10**-4 m/s\n',(vd*10**4))
diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..200f5972a --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+ne=1; //number of electrons
+rho=1.73*10**-8; //resistivity(ohm m)
+w=63.5; //atomic weight
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge(c)
+D=8.92*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number(per k mol)
+
+//Calculation
+n=ne*Na*D/w;
+mew=1/(n*e*rho); //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf('mobility of electrons is %0.3f m**2/Vs \n',(mew))
+printf('answer in the book is wrong\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3dc599558 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+ne=1; //number of electrons
+rho=1.721*10**-8; //resistivity(ohm m)
+w=63.54; //atomic weight
+e=1.6*10**-19; //charge(c)
+D=8.95*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.025*10**26; //avagadro number(per k mol)
+
+//Calculation
+n=ne*Na*D/w;
+mew=1/(n*e*rho); //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf('mobility of electrons is %0.3f m**2/Vs \n',(mew))
+printf('answer in the book is wrong\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66eed202b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho=1.5*10**-8; //resistivity of metal(ohm m)
+n=6.5*10**28; //number of free electrons(per m**3)
+e=1.602*10**-19; //charge(c)
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+tow=m/(n*e**2*rho); //relaxation time(s)
+
+//Result
+printf('relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-14 s \n',(tow*10**14))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce b/3669/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d92be74d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH5/EX5.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+rho=1.54*10**-8; //resistivity of metal(ohm m)
+n=5.8*10**28; //number of free electrons(per m**3)
+e=1.602*10**-19; //charge(c)
+m=9.11*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+E=1*10**2; //electric field(V/m)
+Kb=1.381*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+tow=m/(n*e**2*rho); //relaxation time(s)
+vd=e*E*tow/m; //drift velocity(m/s)
+mew=vd/E; //mobility(m**2/Vs)
+Vth=sqrt(3*Kb*T/m); //thermal velocity(m/s)
+
+//Result
+printf('relaxation time is %0.3f *10**-14 s \n',(tow*10**14))
+printf('drift velocity is %0.3f m/s \n',(vd))
+printf('mobility is %0.3f *10**-2 m**2/Vs \n',(mew*10**2))
+printf('thermal velocity is %0.3f *10**5 m/s \n',(Vth/10**5))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6508af5d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+N=3*10**28; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+alpha_e=10**-40; //electronic polarizability(F m**2)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+
+//Calculation
+epsilonr=(alpha_e*N/epsilon0)+1; //dielectric constant of material
+
+//Result
+printf('dielectric constant of material is %0.3f \n',(epsilonr))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3e278bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+N=3*10**25; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+r=0.2*10**-9; //radius(m)
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+E=1; //electric field
+
+//Calculation
+p=4*%pi*epsilon0*r**3; //dipole moment(F m**2)
+P=N*p; //polarization(C m)
+epsilonr=(P/(epsilon0*E))+1; //dielectric constant
+alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //polarizability(F m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('dipole moment is %0.3f *10**-40 F m**2 \n',(p*10**40))
+printf('polarization is %0.3f *10**-15 C m \n',(P*10**15))
+printf('dielectric constant is %0.3f \n',(epsilonr))
+printf('polarizability is %0.3f *10**-40 F m**2 \n',(alpha_e*10**40))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab867ae05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+epsilonr=1.000435; //dielectric constant of material
+N=2.7*10**25; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //electronic polarizability(F m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('electronic polarizability is %0.3f *10**-40 F m**2 \n',(alpha_e*10**40))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4290c690 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+epsilonr=4; //dielectric constant
+D=2.08*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+M=32; //atomic weight
+
+//Calculation
+N=Na*D/M; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+alphae=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //atomic polarizability(F m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('electronic polarizability is %0.3f *10**-40 F m**2 \n',(alphae*10**40))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62f973eab --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+A=100*10**-4; //area(m**2)
+d=1*10**-2; //seperation(m)
+V=100; //potential(V)
+
+//Calculation
+C=epsilon0*A/d; //capacitance(F)
+Q=C*V; //charge on plates(C)
+
+//Result
+printf('capacitance is %e F \n',C)
+printf('charge on plates is %e C \n',Q)
diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..045187ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+epsilonr=1.0000684; //dielectric constant of material
+N=2.7*10**25; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //electronic polarizability(F m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('electronic polarizability is %e F m**2 \n',alpha_e)
diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b18a04e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+A=650*10**-6; //area(m**2)
+d=4*10**-3; //seperation(m)
+Q=2*10**-10; //charge(C)
+epsilonr=3.5;
+
+//Calculation
+V=Q*d/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A); //voltage(V)
+
+//Result
+printf('voltage is %0.3f V \n',(V))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a9931c6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+A=6.45*10**-4; //area(m**2)
+d=2*10**-3; //seperation(m)
+V=12; //voltage(V)
+epsilonr=5;
+
+//Calculation
+P=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)*V/d; //polarization(C m)
+
+//Result
+printf('polarization is %0.3f *10**-9 C m \n',P*10**9)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1de2752d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+epsilonr=3.75; //dielectric constant
+gama=1/3; //internal field constant
+D=2050; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.02*10**26; //avagadro number
+M=32; //atomic weight
+
+//Calculation
+N=Na*D/M; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+alphae=((epsilonr-1)/(epsilonr+2))*3*epsilon0/N; //electronic polarizability(F m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('electronic polarizability is %0.3f *10**-40 F m**2 \n',(alphae*10**40))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a90e9de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+N=1.6*10**20; //number of molecules(/m**3)
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+E=5*10**5; //electric field(V/m)
+x=0.25*10**-9; //separation(m)
+Kb=1.381*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+Pd=N*e**2*x**2*E/(3*Kb*T); //orientational polarization
+
+//Result
+printf('orientational polarization is %0.3f *10**-11 C m \n',(Pd*10**11))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..425310431 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+epsilonr=1.0000684; //dielectric constant of material
+N=2.7*10**25; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+E=10**6; //electric field(V/m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+Z=2; //atomic number
+
+//Calculation
+alpha_e=epsilon0*(epsilonr-1)/N; //electronic polarizability(F m**2)
+r=(alpha_e/(4*%pi*epsilon0))**(1/3); //radius(m)
+d=alpha_e*E/(Z*e); //displacement(m)
+
+//Result
+printf('radius is %0.3f *10**-11 m \n',(r*10**11))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
+printf('displacement is %0.3f *10**-16 m \n',(d*10**16))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce b/3669/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc4102984 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH6/EX6.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+epsilon0=8.85*10**-12;
+A=750*10**-6; //area(m**2)
+d=5*10**-3; //seperation(m)
+Q=2.5*10**-10; //charge(C)
+epsilonr=3.5;
+
+//Calculation
+V=Q*d/(epsilon0*epsilonr*A); //voltage(V)
+
+//Result
+printf('voltage is %0.3f V \n',(V))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11bad9ea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+chi=-0.4*10**-5; //magnetic susceptibility
+H=5*10**5; //magnetic field(A/m)
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+
+//Calculation
+B=mew0*H*(1+chi); //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+M=chi*H; //magnetic moment(A/m)
+
+//Result
+printf('flux density is %0.3f Wb/m**2 \n',(B))
+printf('magnetic moment is %0.3f A/m \n',M)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.10/10.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f8245529 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+B=1.4; //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+B0=6.5*10**-4; //magnetic field(Tesla)
+
+//Calculation
+mewr=B/B0; //relative permeability
+
+//Result
+printf('relative permeability is %0.3f \n',(mewr))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2edb08f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+chi=-0.25*10**-5; //magnetic susceptibility
+H=1000; //magnetic field(A/m)
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+
+//Calculation
+M=chi*H; //magnetisation(A/m)
+B=mew0*(H+M); //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetisation is %0.3f *10**-2 A/m \n',M*10**2)
+printf('flux density is %0.3f *10**-3 Wb/m**2 \n',(B*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f79ec732d --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+H=250; //magnetic field(A/m)
+mewr=15; //relative permeability
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+
+//Calculation
+M=H*(mewr-1); //magnetisation(A/m)
+B=mew0*(H+M); //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetisation is %0.3f A/m \n',M)
+printf('flux density is %0.3f *10**-3 Wb/m**2 \n',(B*10**3))
diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26664c423 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+chi=-0.42*10**-3; //magnetic susceptibility
+H=1000; //magnetic field(A/m)
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+
+//Calculation
+M=chi*H; //magnetisation(A/m)
+B=mew0*(H+M); //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetisation is %0.3f A/m \n',M)
+printf('flux density is %0.3f *10**-3 Wb/m**2 \n',(B*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..956d31574 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+r=10/2; //radius(cm)
+i=500*10**-3; //current(A)
+
+//Calculation
+mew=%pi*(r*10**-2)**2*i; //magnetic moment(Am**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-3 Am**2 \n',(mew*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a4c65bec --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mew0=4*%pi*10**-7;
+B=0.0044; //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+M=3300; //magnetic moment(A/m)
+
+//Calculation
+H=(B/mew0)-M; //magnetizing force(A/m)
+mewr=1+(M/H); //relative permeability
+
+//Result
+printf('magnetizing force is %0.3f A/m \n',int(H))
+printf('relative permeability is %0.3f \n',(mewr))
+printf('answer varies due to approximating off errors\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33ad17389 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+r=0.052*10**-9; //radius(m)
+B=3; //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+delta_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m); //change in magnetic moment(A m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('change in magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-29 Am**2 \n',(delta_mew*10**29))
+printf('answer given in the book is wrong\n')
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..123c657ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+r=5.29*10**-11; //radius(m)
+B=2; //flux density(Wb/m**2)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+m=9.1*10**-31; //mass(kg)
+
+//Calculation
+d_mew=e**2*r**2*B/(4*m); //change in magnetic moment(A m**2)
+
+//Result
+printf('change in magnetic moment is %0.3f *10**-29 Am**2 \n',(d_mew*10**29))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH7/EX7.9/9.sce b/3669/CH7/EX7.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81090b7bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH7/EX7.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+N=10**28; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+chi1=2.8*10**-4; //susceptibility
+T1=350; //temperature(K)
+T2=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+chi2=chi1*T1/T2; //susceptibility
+
+//Result
+printf('susceptibility is %0.3f *10**-4 \n',(chi2*10**4))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afa76c6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+ni=2.5*10**19; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+mewn=0.4; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewp=0.2; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+sigma_i=ni*e*(mewn+mewp);
+rhoi=1/sigma_i; //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('resistivity is %0.3f ohm m \n',(rhoi))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65c2ecffd --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.10/10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewe=0.14; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.05; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=1.5*10**16; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+A=28.09; //atomic weight
+D=2.33*10**3; //density(kg/m**3)
+Na=6.025*10**26; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+N=Na*D/A; //number of atoms(per m**3)
+n=N/10**8; //electron concentration(per m**3)
+p=ni**2/n; //hole concentration(per m**3)
+sigma=e*((n*mewe)+(p*mewh)); //conductivity(per ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('conductivity is %0.3f per ohm m\n \n',(sigma) )
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..298be18a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.11/11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewe=0.36; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.18; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=2.5*10**19; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+N=4.2*10**28; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+n=N/10**6; //electron concentration(per m**3)
+p=ni**2/n; //hole concentration(per m**3)
+rhoi=1/(e*((n*mewe)+(p*mewh))); //resistivity(per ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('resistivity is %0.3f *10**-4 per ohm m \n',(rhoi*10**4))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a5b6c131 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.12/12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+np=2.4*10**9; //carrier concentration(per m**3)
+N=4.2*10**28; //avagadro number
+
+//Calculation
+p=np/2; //hole concentration(per m**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('hole concentration is %0.3f *10**9 per m**3 \n',p/10**9)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ed2f0536 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.13/13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewn=0.35; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.602*10**-19;
+rho=0.2; //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Calculation
+n=1/(rho*e*mewn); //density of donor atoms
+
+//Result
+printf('density of donor atoms is %0.3f *10**19 electrons/m**3 \n',(n/10**19))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be3466179 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.14/14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Kb=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T1=300; //temperature(K)
+T2=320; //temperature(K)
+rho1=5; //resistivity(ohm m)
+rho2=2.5; //resistivity(ohm m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+//Calculation
+Eg=2*Kb*log(rho1/rho2)/((1/T1)-(1/T2)); //energy gap(J)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy gap is %0.3f eV \n',(Eg/e))
diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6867fbff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.15/15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Kb=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+mewe=0.19; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+Dn=mewe*Kb*T/e; //diffusion coefficient(m**2/sec)
+
+//Result
+printf('diffusion coefficient is %0.3f *10**-3 m**2/sec \n',(Dn*10**3))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96239c1b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.16/16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Kb=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T1=293; //temperature(K)
+T2=305; //temperature(K)
+rho1=4.5; //resistivity(ohm m)
+rho2=2.0; //resistivity(ohm m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+//Calculation
+Eg=2*Kb*log(rho1/rho2)/((1/T1)-(1/T2)); //energy gap(J)
+
+//Result
+printf('energy gap is %0.3f eV \n',(Eg/e))
diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..944f52c62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewn=0.3; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+rho=0.25; //resistivity(ohm m)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+
+//Calculation
+n=1/(rho*e*mewn); //number of donor atoms(per m**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('number of donor atoms is %0.3f *10**19 per m**3 \n',(n/10**19))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0991a2dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewn=0.21; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+Kb=1.38*10**-23; //boltzmann constant
+T=300; //temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+Dn=mewn*Kb*T/e; //diffusion coefficient of electrons(m**2/s)
+
+//Result
+printf('diffusion coefficient of electrons is %0.3f *10**-4 m**2/s \n',(Dn*10**4))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..875820172 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Rh=3.22*10**-4; //hall coefficient(m**3/C)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+rho=8.5*10**-3; //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Calculation
+p=1/(Rh*e); //carrier concentration(per m**3)
+mewp=Rh/rho; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf('carrier concentration is %0.3f *10**21 per m**3 \n',(p/10**21))
+printf('//mobility of holes is %0.3f m**2/Vs\n',(mewp))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29341220c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewe=0.36; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.17; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+rhoi=2.12; //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Calculation
+ni=1/(rhoi*e*(mewe+mewh)); //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+
+//Result
+printf('intrinsic concentration is %0.3f *10**16 per m**3 \n',(ni/10**16))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7eabf993a --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//variable declaration
+mewe=0.39; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.19; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=2.4*10**19; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+rhoi=1/(ni*e*(mewe+mewh)); //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('resistivity is %0.3f ohm m \n',(rhoi))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83acd4f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewe=0.135; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.048; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=1.5*10**16; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+Nd=10**23; //doping concentration(per m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+sigma=ni*e*(mewe+mewh); //conductivity(per ohm m)
+p=ni**2/Nd; //hole concentration(per m**3)
+sigman=Nd*e*mewe; //conductivity(per ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('conductivity is %0.3f *10**-3 per ohm m \n',(sigma*10**3))
+printf('hole concentration is %0.3f *10**9 per m**3 \n',p/10**9)
+printf('conductivity is %0.3f *10**3 per ohm m \n',sigman/10**3)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb1ffc904 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.8/8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+Rh=3.66*10**-4; //hall coefficient(m**3/C)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+rhoh=8.93*10**-3; //resistivity(ohm m)
+
+//Calculation
+p=1/(Rh*e); //carrier concentration(per m**3)
+mewp=Rh/rhoh; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+
+//Result
+printf('carrier concentration is %0.3f *10**22 per m**3 \n',(p/10**22))
+printf('//mobility of holes is %0.3f *10**-2 m**2/Vs \n',(mewp*10**2))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce b/3669/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a314224dc --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH8/EX8.9/9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+mewe=0.13; //mobility of electrons(m**2/Vs)
+mewh=0.05; //mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+ni=1.5*10**16; //intrinsic concentration(per m**3)
+
+//Calculation
+sigma=ni*e*(mewe+mewh); //conductivity(per ohm m)
+
+//Result
+printf('conductivity is %0.3f *10**-4 per ohm m \n',sigma*10**4)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fc630fb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.1/1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+T=8; //temperature(K)
+Hc=1*10**5; //critical field(amp/m)
+H0=2*10**5; //critical field(amp/m)
+
+//Calculation
+Tc=T/sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)); //transition temperature(K)
+
+//Result
+printf('transition temperature is %0.3f K \n',(Tc))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a156853b --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.2/2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.626*10**-34; //plancks constant
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+V=8.5*10**-6; //voltage(V)
+
+//Calculation
+new=2*e*V/h; //frequency(Hz)
+
+//Result
+printf('frequency is %0.3f *10**9 Hz \n',(new/10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e364307f --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.3/3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+T=2; //temperature(K)
+H0=0.0306; //critical field(amp/m)
+Tc=3.7; //transition temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); //critical field(Tesla)
+
+//Result
+printf('critical field is %0.3f Tesla \n',(Hc))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33a37b669 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.4/4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+H0=250*10**3; //critical field(amp/m)
+Tc=12; //transition temperature(K)
+Hc=200*10**3; //critical field(Tesla)
+
+//Calculation
+T=Tc*sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)**2); //temperature(K)
+
+//Result
+printf('temperature is %0.3f K \n',(T))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..289d5dd26 --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.5/5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+T=2.5; //temperature(K)
+H0=0.03; //critical field(amp/m)
+Tc=3.7; //transition temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); //critical field(Tesla)
+
+//Result
+printf('critical field is %0.3f Tesla \n',(Hc))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c83039f4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.6/6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+h=6.625*10**-34; //plancks constant
+e=1.6*10**-19;
+V=650*10**-6; //voltage(V)
+
+//Calculation
+new=2*e*V/h; //frequency(Hz)
+
+//Result
+printf('frequency is %0.3f *10**9 Hz \n',(new/10**9))
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3669/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce b/3669/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2f904e3c --- /dev/null +++ b/3669/CH9/EX9.7/7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+//Variable declaration
+T=5; //temperature(K)
+H0=6.5*10**3; //critical field(amp/m)
+Tc=7.2; //transition temperature(K)
+
+//Calculation
+Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); //critical field(Tesla)
+
+//Result
+printf('critical field is %0.3f *10**3 A/m \n',(Hc/10**3))
\ No newline at end of file |