diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3257')
95 files changed, 1005 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b04128620 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
+// Degree of polymerization in polyvinyl chloride
+clc
+w_avg = 62500 // average molecular weight
+
+A_H = 1 // Atomic weight of hydrogen
+A_C = 12// Atomic weight of carbon
+A_cl= 35.5 // Atomic weight of Chlorine
+n_H= 3 // Number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule
+n_C = 2// Number of carbon atoms in a molecule
+n_cl = 1// Number of chlorine atoms in a molecule
+printf("\n Example 10_1")
+w = A_H*n_H+A_C*n_C+A_cl*n_cl // molecular weight
+D = w_avg/w
+
+printf("\n Degree of polymerization in polyvinyl chloride is %d",D)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60d59248f --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 10_1
+ Degree of polymerization in polyvinyl chloride is 1000
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c11bb0890 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Lowering the viscosity of a polymer
+clc
+T1 = 453 // First temperature in K
+T2 = 423 // Second temperature in K
+k = 2.2 // ratio of obtained result to desired output
+printf("\n Example 10.2")
+del_t = T1-T2 // temperature difference in Kelvin
+neeta1 = 10^(12-(17.5*del_t/(52+del_t))) // First viscosity
+neeta2 = neeta1/k // Desired viscocity
+del_t = ((12-log10(neeta2))*52/(5.5+log10(neeta2)))
+T_n = T2 + del_t
+printf("\n Polymer should be processed at %.1f K .",T_n)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2eea37b0d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 10.2
+ Polymer should be processed at 455.6 K .
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c921ab6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+// stress relaxation in a thermoplastic members under tension
+
+clc
+sigma1 = 6 // stress in MPa
+sigma2 = 3 // stress factor after 25 days
+sigma3 = 1 // stress factor at one tenth of initial value
+t1 = 25 // number of days
+printf("\n Example 10.3")
+lambda = -t1/log(sigma2/sigma1)
+t = -lambda*log(sigma3/sigma1)
+printf("\n It will take time of %.1f days \n for stress level to reach one tenth of its original value.",t)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..942d31dab --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 10.3
+ It will take time of 64.6 days
+ for stress level to reach one tenth of its original value.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c183bd831 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// properties of a graphite epoxy reinforce plastic
+clc
+x = 0.15
+Ef = 250 // elastic modulus of fiber in GPa
+Em = 80 // elastic modulus of resin in GPa
+sigma_f = 2000 // strength of fiber in MPa
+sigma_m = 100 // strength of resin in MPa
+Fc = 1 // let
+printf("\n Example 10.4")
+Ec = x*Ef+(1-x)*Em
+F_ratio = x*Ef/((1-x)*Em)
+printf("\n Part A:")
+printf("\n Elastic modulus of composite is %.1f GPa.",Ec)
+Fm = Fc/(1+F_ratio)
+Ff = Fc*(1-(1/(1+F_ratio)))
+printf("\n Fraction of load supported by fibers is %d%%.",Ff*100)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..87548259b --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 10.4
+ Part A:
+ Elastic modulus of composite is 105.5 GPa.
+ Fraction of load supported by fibers is 35%.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b43d4261 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.JPG diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7d42d80c --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Analysis of plastic extruder
+clc
+H = 0.007 // channel depth in m
+D = 0.05 // diameter barrel in m
+N = 0.833 // revolution / sec
+theta= 20 // thread angle in degrees
+D_d = 0.005 // screw diameter in m
+neeta = 300 // temperature in degree Celsius
+l_d = 0.02 // land length in m
+l = 1 // melt pumping zone in m
+A = 1.96e-5 // area
+printf("\n Example 10.5")
+K = %pi*D_d^4/(128*neeta*l_d)
+a = (%pi)^2*H*D^2*N*sin(theta*%pi/180)*cos(theta*%pi/180)/2
+b = %pi*D*H^3*(sin(theta*%pi/180))^2/(12*neeta*l)
+p=a/(K+b)
+Q = K*p
+v = Q/A
+printf("\n Flow rate is %.2e m^3/sec.",Q)
+printf("\n Final velocity is %0.2f m/sec.",v)
+
+p = 0 : 1 : 13;
+y = 0.256*p;
+z = 2.31 - 0.175e*p
+plot2d(p, y);
+plot(p, z);
+xlabel("Pressure (MPa)");
+ylabel("Flow Rate, q*1e-5 (m^3/s)")
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d9151373 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 10.5
+ Flow rate is 1.37e-05 m^3/sec.
+ Final velocity is 0.70 m/sec.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..243c4726a --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Blow film
+clc
+w = 300 // width in mm
+printf("\n Example 10.6")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+p = 2*w // perimeter
+D = p/%pi // tube diameter
+d = D/2.5 // tube expansion consideration
+printf("\n Extrusion diameter is to be %d mm.",d)
+
+printf("\n Part B:")
+printf("\n It is a theoretical problem.")
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5b1b8004e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 10.6
+
+ Part A:
+ Extrusion diameter is to be 76 mm.
+ Part B:
+ It is a theoretical problem.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42ee1398e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Injection molding of gears
+clc
+D = 110 // diameter in mm
+p = 100 // pressure on mould cavity in MPa
+C = 980 // capacity of machine in KN
+printf("\n Example 10.7")
+A = %pi*D^2/4
+f = A*1e-6*p*1e6/1e3 // required force in kN
+k = floor(C/f)
+
+printf("\n Mould can support the production of %d gear per cycle.",k)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.txt b/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..af8d2cc5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 10.7
+ Mould can support the production of 1 gear per cycle.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..748aea2b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Particle shape factor determination
+clc
+D = 1 // let
+L = 1 //let
+h = 2*D // length to diameter ratio
+printf("\n Example 11.1")
+printf("\n Part A:")
+D_eq = D
+A = %pi*D^2
+V = %pi*D^3/6
+k = A/V*D_eq
+printf("\n Shape factor for spherical particle is %d",k)
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+A = 6*L^2
+V = L^3
+D_eq = (6*V/%pi)^(1/3)
+k = A/V*D_eq
+printf("\n Shape factor for cubic particle is %.2f",k)
+printf("\n\n Part C:")
+A = 2*%pi*D^2/4+%pi*D*h
+V= %pi*D^2/4*h
+D_eq = (6*V/%pi)^(1/3)
+k = A/V*D_eq
+printf("\n Shape factor for cylindrical particle is %.2f",k)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0a0c8d6f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
+ Example 11.1
+ Part A:
+ Shape factor for spherical particle is 6
+
+ Part B:
+ Shape factor for cubic particle is 7.44
+
+ Part C:
+ Shape factor for cylindrical particle is 7.21
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2f65d059 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Density of metal powder lubricant mix
+clc
+m_fe = 1000 // mass of iron in gram
+m_l = 25 // mass in gram
+d_fe = 7.86 // density of iron in gram/cc
+d_l = 1.2 // density of lubricant in gram/cc
+d_ap = 2.75 // apparent density in gram/cc
+m_L = 30 // mass of lubricant in gram
+printf("\n Example 11.2")
+V = m_fe/d_fe + m_l/d_l // Combined volume in CC
+w = m_fe + m_L // combined mass in gram
+d_th = w/V // theoretical density in gram/cc
+d_m_ap = d_ap/d_fe*d_th // apparent density of mix
+
+printf("\n Apparent density of metal powder lubricant mix is %.2f g/cm^3.",d_m_ap) // Answer in book is 2.42 g/cm^3
+
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..34595644b --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 11.2
+ Apparent density of metal powder lubricant mix is 2.43 g/cm^3.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dae7da46 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Pressure decay in composition
+clc
+k = 0.6 // given constant
+mu = 0.4// given constant
+d = 10 // diameter in mm
+px = 0 // pressure measure in N/mm^2
+px_p0 = 0.5 // pressure ratio
+printf("\n Example 11.3")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+if px==0 then // no function deals with the calculation for an infinite number so if statement is used here
+ printf("\n Value of X must approach infinity for pressure to decay to zero.")
+end
+
+printf("\n Part B:")
+X = - log(px_p0)/(4*k*mu/d)
+printf("\n Value of X, required to get pressure to decay to %.1f is %.2f mm. ",px_p0,X)
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cf02843e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 11.3
+
+ Part A:
+ Value of X must approach infinity for pressure to decay to zero.
+ Part B:
+ Value of X, required to get pressure to decay to 0.5 is 7.22 mm.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e52b228a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Shrinkage in sintering
+clc
+L = 1 // let
+del_l = 5/100*L // linear shrinkage
+rho_sint = 90 // sintered density in%
+printf("\n Example 11.4")
+rho_green = rho_sint*(1-(del_l/L))^3
+printf("\n Density of green compact becomes %d%%.",rho_green)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..994487ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 11.4
+ Density of green compact becomes 77%.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..247808315 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Effect of porosity on properties
+clc
+UTS0 = 125 // in MPa
+E0 = 500 // Youngs modulus in GPa
+k0 = 0.6 // thermal conductivity in W/m-K
+n = 6 // given
+p = 0.15 // given
+printf("\n Example 11.7")
+UTS = UTS0*exp(-5*p)
+E = E0*(1-1.9*p+0.9*p^2)
+k = k0*(1-p)
+printf("\n Due to %d%% porosity", p*100)
+printf("\n Tensile strength becomes %d MPa.",UTS)
+printf("\n Modulus of elasticity becomes %d GPa.",E)
+printf("\n Thermal conductivity becomes %.2f W/m-K.",k)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..79356e178 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+ Example 11.7
+ Due to 15% porosity
+ Tensile strength becomes 59 MPa.
+ Modulus of elasticity becomes 367 GPa.
+ Thermal conductivity becomes 0.51 W/m-K.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..80a8e48de --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Dimensional changes during shaping of ceramic components
+clc
+L = 25 // length in mm
+s_d = 0.09 // drying shrinkage
+s_f = 0.05 // firing shrinkage
+p_f = 4 //porosity of fired part
+printf("\n Example 11.9")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+L_d = L/(1-s_f)
+L_o = (1+s_d)*L_d
+printf("\n Initial length of part is %.2f mm.",L_o)
+printf("\n Part B:")
+Va_Vd = (1-p_f/100)/(1/(1-s_f)^3)
+printf("\n Porosity P_d of dried part is %.2f%%.",(1-Va_Vd)*100) // Answer in book is 18%
+
diff --git a/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.txt b/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ae1cb8fe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 11.9
+
+ Part A:
+ Initial length of part is 28.68 mm.
+ Part B:
+ Porosity P_d of dried part is 17.69%.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3921da000 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Estimation of welding speed for different materials
+clc
+V = 20 // applied voltage in Volt
+I = 200 // Current in ampere
+A = 30 // cross sectional area in mm^2
+e = 0.75 // efficiency
+u_al = 2.9 // specific energy of aluminium in J/mm^3
+u_c = 12.3 // specific energy of carbon in J/mm^3
+u_ti = 14.3// specific energy of titanium in J/mm^3
+printf("\n Example 12.1")
+v_al = e*V*I/(u_al*A)// velocity for aluminum in mm/s
+v_c = e*V*I/(u_c*A) // velocity for carbon in mm/s
+v_ti = e*V*I/(u_ti*A) // velocity for titanium in mm/s
+printf("\n velocity for aluminum is %.1f mm/sec. ",v_al)
+printf("\n velocity for carbon is %.1f mm/sec. ",v_c)
+printf("\n velocity for titanium is %.1f mm/sec. ",v_ti)
diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt b/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5ef320ad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 12.1
+ velocity for aluminum is 34.5 mm/sec.
+ velocity for carbon is 8.1 mm/sec.
+ velocity for titanium is 7.0 mm/sec.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0532aa291 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// current in shielded metal arc welding
+clc
+V = 20 // applied voltage in Volt
+b = 10 // base in mm
+h = 10 // height in mm
+e = 0.75 // efficiency
+u = 10.3 // specific energy in J/mm^3
+v = 10 // weld speed in mm/sec
+printf("\n Example 12.2")
+A = 1/2*b*h // Area in mm^2
+I = v*u*A/(e*V) // Current in Ampere
+printf("\n Amount of current needed for welding is %d Ampere.",I)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt b/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e8b710221 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 12.2
+ Amount of current needed for welding is 343 Ampere.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c33c10d69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Heat generation in resistance spot welding
+clc
+I = 5500 // current in ampere
+R = 250 // resistance in micro ohm
+T = 0.15 // time in sec
+d = 6 // diameter in mm
+t = 3 // thickness in mm
+rho = 7850 // density in kg/m^3
+E = 1400 // energy required per gram mass
+printf("\n Example 12.5")
+Heat = I^2*R*1e-6*T
+V = %pi/4*d^2*t
+m = V*rho*1e-6
+E_tot = m*E
+H_r = Heat - E_tot
+H_per = H_r/Heat*100
+printf("\n Amount of heat generated is %d J.", Heat)
+printf("\n Amount of heat in weld zone is %d J or %d%%.", H_r, H_per)
+// Answer in book is 196 J
+
diff --git a/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.txt b/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c3e4226e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 12.5
+ Amount of heat generated is 1134 J.
+ Amount of heat in weld zone is 202 J or 17%.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..25890574d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Calculation of ultimate tensile strength
+clc
+K = 689655 // in kPa
+n = 0.5
+A0 = 1 // let
+printf("\n Example 2.1")
+sigma = K*n^n
+A_neck = A0*exp(-n)
+P= sigma*A_neck
+UTS = P/A0
+printf("\n True ultimate tensile strength is %.2fkPa",sigma)
+printf("\n Engineering UTS of material is %.2f kPa",UTS)
+// Answer in book is 295521.79 kPa
+
diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt b/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2dcd1321b --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 2.1
+ True ultimate tensile strength is 487659.73kPa
+ Engineering UTS of material is 295780.58 kPa
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48b9448f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Calculation of modulus resilience from hardness
+clc
+h = 400 // hardness of specimen in HB
+E = 205e3 // Youngs modulus of steel in MPa
+g = 9.8 // gravitational acceleration in m/s^2
+printf("\n Example 2.3")
+Y = h*1e6*g/3 // As, Hardness = c*Y
+m_r = (Y/1e6)^2/(2*E) // modulus of resilience
+
+printf("\n Modulus of resilience of body is %.2f Nm/m^3.", m_r)
+// while numerical value of answer in book is 4.17
+
diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt b/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0277c593e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 2.3
+ Modulus of resilience of body is 4.16 Nm/m^3.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a067740d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Elimination of stress by tension
+clc
+sigma_t = 140 // in MPa
+sigma_c = -140 // in MPa
+l = 0.25 // length of specimen in m
+Y = 150 // yield stress of material in MPa
+E = 70 // Youngs modulus in GPa
+printf("\ Example 2.4")
+epsilon_tot = (sigma_c*1e6)/(E*1e9) + Y*1e6/(E*1e9) // total strain
+l_f = l*exp(epsilon_tot)
+
+printf("\n Stretched length should be %0.4f m",l_f)
+// Numerical value of answer in book is 0.2510
+
diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt b/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3fa125a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + Example 2.4
+ Stretched length should be 0.2500 m
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91dfe23c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Yielding of a thin walled shell
+clc
+r = 254 // radius in mm
+t = 2.54 // thickness in mm
+sigma_1 = 140 // stress in MPa
+sigma_2 = 140 // stress in MPa
+sigma_min = 0 // stress in MPa
+printf("\ Example 2.5")
+Y = sigma_2 - sigma_min
+p = 2*(t/1e3)*Y/(r*1e-3)
+printf("\n\n According to maximum shear stress criterion, Required pressure is %.1f MPa",p)
+Y = sqrt(0.5*(sigma_1^2+sigma_2^2))
+p = 2*(t/1e3)*Y/(r*1e-3)
+printf("\n\n According to maximum distortion energy criterion, Required pressure is %.1f MPa",p)
+
+
diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt b/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c8488de6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + Example 2.5
+
+ According to maximum shear stress criterion, Required pressure is 2.8 MPa.
+
+ According to maximum distortion energy criterion, Required pressure is 2.8 MPa.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6b30d838 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Temperature rise in simple deformation
+clc
+d = 25 // diameter of cylinder in mm
+h_i = 25 // Height of cylinder in mm
+cp = 1255 // specific heat capacity in J/kg.K
+rho = 2768 // density in kg
+del_t = 55 // temperature change in K
+K = 104 // in MPa
+n = 0.5
+printf("\n Example 2.8")
+v = %pi/4*(d*1e-3)^2*h_i*1e-3 // volume of cylinder
+H = cp*rho*v*del_t // heat in Joule
+
+epsilon = (H/(v*K*1e6/(n+1)))^(1/(n+1))
+h_f = h_i/exp(epsilon)
+
+printf("\n Final height of specimen is %.1f mm",h_f)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt b/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a6331e4d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 2.8
+ Final height of specimen is 3.5 mm.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..81399601b --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Determination of coefficient of friction
+clc
+h = 20 // height in mm
+od_i = 40 // initial outer diameter in mm
+id_i = 20 // initial inner diameter in mm
+od_f = 50 // final outer diameter in mm
+del_l = 40// percentage reduction in length
+printf("\n Example 4.1")
+h_f = h*(1-del_l/100)
+v = %pi/4 * (od_i^2-id_i^2)*h
+id_f = sqrt(od_f^2-(4/%pi)*v/h_f)
+del_id = (id_f - id_i)/id_i *100
+
+printf("\n For a change of %d %% in length and %.1f %% in ID, \n By interpolation from figure, \n\n mu is 0.03 and m is 0.11",del_l,del_id)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt b/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89c2dd85e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+ Example 4.1
+ For a change of 40 % in length and 11.8 % in ID,
+ By interpolation from figure,
+
+ mu is 0.03 and m is 0.11
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8095428c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Adhesive wear in sliding
+clc
+v = 1 // wear volume in mm^3
+k = 1e-2 // from table
+W = 100 //load in kg
+p = 150 // hardness in HB
+printf("\n Example 4.2")
+L = 3*v*p/(k*W)
+printf("\n Distance traveled is %d mm.",L)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt b/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c88f5211 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 4.2
+ Distance traveled is 450 mm.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f84a753d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Determining the amount of phases in carbon steel
+clc
+m = 10 // mass in kg
+t1 = 1173 // temperature in kelvin
+t2 = 1001 // temperature in kelvin
+t3 = 999 // temperature in kelvin
+c_gamma1 = 0.77 // from table for t2
+c_o = 0.4// from table
+c_a = 0.022// from table
+c_gamma2 = 6.67// from table for t3
+printf("\n Example 5.1")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+printf("\n From figure, Percent gamma is 100 (10 kg) and percent alpha is zero")
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+per_alpha = 100*((c_gamma1-c_o)/(c_gamma1-c_a))
+per_gamma = 100*((c_o-c_a)/(c_gamma1-c_a))
+printf("\n %% alpha is : %.1f%% \t %% gamma is : %0.1f%%",per_alpha, per_gamma)
+printf("\n Mass of alpha is : %.1f kg \t mass of gamma is : %.1f kg",per_alpha*m/100, per_gamma*m/100)
+// while alpha percentage is 50 and gamma percentage is 50
+printf("\n\n Part C:")
+per_alpha = 100*((c_gamma2-c_o)/(c_gamma2-c_a))
+printf("\n %% alpha is : %d%% ",per_alpha)
+printf("\n Mass of alpha is : %.1f kg ",per_alpha*m/100 )
diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt b/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b6e6e870 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +
+ Example 5.1
+
+ Part A:
+ From figure, Percent gamma is 100 (10 kg) and percent alpha is zero
+
+ Part B:
+ % alpha is : 49.5% % gamma is : 50.5%
+ Mass of alpha is : 4.9 kg mass of gamma is : 5.1 kg
+
+ Part C:
+ % alpha is : 94%
+ Mass of alpha is : 9.4 kg
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0090f8901 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Design and analysis of sprue for casting
+clc
+Q = 1.667e-4 // discharge in m^3/sec
+d = 20 // diameter of sprue in mm
+h = 200 // height of sprue in mm
+g = 9.81 // acceleration due to gravity in m/s^2
+p = 2700 // density in kg/m^3
+neeta = 0.004 // viscosity coefficient
+
+printf("\n Example 5.2")
+A1 = %pi/4*(d*1e-3)^2
+v1 = Q/A1
+v2 = sqrt((h*1e-3)*2*g+v1^2)
+A2 = Q/v2^2
+D = sqrt(4/%pi * A2)
+Re = v2*D*p/neeta
+
+printf("\n Resultant velocity is %.2f m/sec \n Reynolds number is %d",v2,Re)
+// answers in book are as velocity: 1.45 m/sec and Reynolds number: 11745
+
diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt b/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1053b5a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 5.2
+ Resultant velocity is 2.05 m/sec
+ Reynolds number is 9833
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6df2ece5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// solidification time for various solid shapes
+clc
+n = 2
+v = 1 // let
+printf("\n Example 5.3")
+A_cube = 6*(v^(1/3))^2// surface area of cube
+A_cylinder = 6*%pi*((v/(2*%pi))^(1/3))^2 //surface area of cylinder
+
+A_sphere = 4*%pi*((((3*v)/(4*%pi))^(1/3))^2)
+K1 = 1/(A_sphere)^2 // proportional solidification time for sphere
+K2 = 1/(A_cube)^2// proportional solidification time for cube
+K3 = 1/(A_cylinder)^2// proportional solidification time for cylinder
+printf("\n Respective time periods are as:")
+printf("\n t_sphere: %.3fC \t t_cube = %.3fC \t t_cylinder = %.3fC",K1,K2,K3 )
+
diff --git a/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt b/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1bd95a45f --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 5.3
+ Respective time periods are as:
+ t_sphere: 0.043C t_cube = 0.028C t_cylinder = 0.033C
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..70d4e7201 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Calculation of upsetting force
+clc
+d1 = 200 // diameter in mm
+h1 = 125 // height in mm
+h2 = 50 // height in mm
+K = 760 // in MPa
+n = 0.19
+mu = 0.2 // coefficient of friction
+printf("\n Example 6.1")
+epsilon1 = log(h1/h2)
+Yf = K*epsilon1^n
+v = %pi/4*d1^2*h1
+r2 = sqrt(v/(%pi*h2))
+
+P_av= Yf*(1+(2*mu*r2/(3*h2)))
+F = P_av*1e6*%pi*(r2*1e-3)^2
+printf("\n Required upsetting force is %.2e N",F)
+// Answer in book is 8.32e7N
+
diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt b/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..66bb030ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.1
+ Required upsetting force is 8.35e+07 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b762cc03d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Power required for rolling
+clc
+t1 = 20 // initial thickness in mm
+t2 = 12 // final thickness in mm
+R = 300 // roll radius
+N = 100 // rpm of roll
+w = 250 // width in mm
+K = 895 // in MPa
+n = 0.49 // from table
+mu = 0.1 // frictional coefficient
+printf("\n Example 6.4")
+L = sqrt((R*1e-3)*(t1-t2)*1e-3)
+epsilon = log(t1/t2)
+Y_bar = K*epsilon^n/(1+n)
+Y_bar_1 = Y_bar*(1+(mu*L/((t1+t2)*1e-3)))
+F = L*w*Y_bar_1*1e3
+p = 2*%pi*F*L*N/60000
+
+printf("\n Power required for rolling is %d kW.",p)
+// Answer in book is 3111kW
+
diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt b/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0a8db52f --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.4
+ Power required for rolling is 3131 kW.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..340fae020 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Force in hot extrusion
+clc
+D = 150 // initial diameter in mm
+H = 300 // height in mm
+v = 330 // velocity in m/sec
+d = 75 // final diameter in mm
+mu = 0.1 // frictional coefficient
+C = 240 // in MPa
+m = 0.06 // constant
+a = 0.8 // from table
+b = 1.5 // from table
+printf("\n Example 6.6")
+R = D^2/d^2 // its calculated value in book is 2, while in actual its 4
+epsilon = 6*(H*1e-3)*log(R)/(D*1e-3)
+sigma = C*epsilon^m
+Y_bar = sigma // assumption
+p = Y_bar*(a+b*log(R))
+F = p*1e6*%pi*(D*1e-3)^2/4
+printf("\n Force required for rolling is %.1e N.",F)
+// Answer in book is 8.8e6 N. It is because of wrong calculation of value of R
+
diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt b/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8b546b7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 6.6
+ Force required for rolling is 1.5e+07 N.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e2584e30d --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Power required for rolling
+clc
+t1 = 6 // initial thickness in mm
+t2 = 3 // final thickness in mm
+v = 0.6 // velocity in m/s
+x = 0.35 // fractional difference between values
+K = 895 // in MPa
+n = 0.49 // from table
+
+printf("\n Example 6.7")
+
+epsilon = log(t1/t2)
+Y_bar = K*epsilon^n/(1+n)
+Af = %pi/4*(t2*1e-3)^2
+F = Y_bar*Af*epsilon
+power = F*v // power
+printf("\n Part A:")
+printf("\n Power required for operation is %d W.",power*1e6)
+p_act = (1+x)*power
+Yf = K*epsilon^n
+sigma_d = F*(1+x)/Af
+p = Yf - sigma_d
+
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+printf("\n Die pressure at exit of die is %d MPa.",p)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt b/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..056080e81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 6.7
+ Part A:
+ Power required for operation is 1475 W.
+
+ Part B:
+ Die pressure at exit of die is 278 MPa.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4151722f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Calculation of maximum punch force
+clc
+L = 30 // diameter of punching in mm
+t = 3 // thickness of sheet in mm
+UTS = 1e3 // Tensile strength in MN
+printf("\n Example 7.1")
+F = 0.7*UTS*t*1e-3*L*1e-3*%pi
+printf("\n Maximum required punching force is %.3f MN.",F) // Answer in book is 0.197 MN
+
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..87a009167 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.1
+ Maximum required punching force is 0.198 MN.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b14c97ba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Estimating diameter of expansion
+clc
+
+D_0 = 300 // original diameter in mm
+e = 40 // allowable strain in %
+printf("\n Example 7.10")
+D_f = (1+e/100)*D_0
+printf("\n Maximum diameter to which object can be safely expanded is %d mm.",D_f)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..69ecf24d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.10
+ Maximum diameter to which object can be safely expanded is 420 mm.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd3605e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Estimating springback
+clc
+Ri = 10 // initial radius in mm
+Y = 205 // Yield stress in MPa
+E = 190 // Youngs modulus in GPa
+t = 10 // thickness in mm
+printf("\n Example 7.3")
+K = Ri*Y*1e6/(E*1e9*t)
+R_ratio = 4*K^3-3*K+1
+printf("\n Estimated Springback is %.4f",R_ratio)
+// Answer in book is 0.9967
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e40ce4515 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.3
+ Estimated Springback is 0.9968
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..382a12f7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +
+// Work done in stretch forming
+clc
+L_o = 400 // initial length in mm
+L_f = 441.4 // final length in mm
+C = 700 // in MPa
+n = 0.3
+a = 300 // cross sectional area in mm^2
+A = 250 // distance between support and force point
+B = 150 // distance between support and force point
+epsilon = log(L_f/L_o)
+printf("\n Example 7.4")
+u = C*1e6*epsilon^(1+n)/(1+n)
+V = L_o*1e-3*a*1e-6
+work = u*V
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+printf("\n Total work done on ignoring end effect and bending is %d Nm.",work)
+// Answer in book is 3133 Nm
+printf("\n Part B:")
+sigma = 0.3
+L_max = L_o*exp(sigma)
+
+a = 1/2*((A^2-B^2)/L_max + L_max)
+b = L_max - a
+alpha_max = acos(A/a)*180/%pi
+
+printf(" \n Maximum value of alpha before necking begins is %.1f degrees.",alpha_max) // Answer in book is 35.4 degrees
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fcd8718cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +
+ Example 7.4
+
+ Part A:
+ Total work done on ignoring end effect and bending is 3174 Nm.
+ Part B:
+ Maximum value of alpha before necking begins is 35.5 degrees.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..526e3c98c --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Peak pressure in explosive forming
+clc
+m = 0.1 // mass of TNT in kg
+d = 0.5 // standoff distance in m
+K = 3.9e7 // constant of explosive
+a = 1.15
+printf("\n Example 7.5")
+p = K*((m^(1/3))/d)^a
+printf("\n Pressure of amount %.1f MPa is sufficient to form sheet metals.", p/1e6)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ee01115d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.5
+ Pressure of amount 35.8 MPa is sufficient to form sheet metals.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ddb755175 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Estimating the limiting drawing ratio
+clc
+
+del_l = 0.23 // fractional change in length
+del_t = -0.1 // fractional change in thickness
+printf("\n Example 7.7")
+l_ratio = (1+del_l)
+t_ratio = (1+del_t)
+w_ratio = 1/(l_ratio*t_ratio)
+
+R = log(1/w_ratio)/log(1/t_ratio)
+printf("\n\n For planar isotropy and from figure , R = %.3f\n we estimate LDR to be 2.4",R)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8eb31e960 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 7.7
+
+ For planar isotropy and from figure , R = 0.965
+ we estimate LDR to be 2.4
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..810280732 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// Theoretical limiting drawing ratio
+clc
+epsilon_max = 1
+printf("\n Example 7.8")
+D0_Dp = exp(epsilon_max)
+printf("\n Theoretical limiting drawing ratio is %0.3f",D0_Dp)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3b0b6c712 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
+ Example 7.8
+ Theoretical limiting drawing ratio is 2.718
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14bbefccc --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Estimating cup diameter and earing
+clc
+r_0 = 0.9
+r_45 = 1.3
+r_90 = 1.9
+theta1 = 0 // angle in degree
+theta2 = 45 // angle in degree
+theta3 = 90 // angle in degree
+printf("\n Example 7.9")
+R_avg = (r_0+2*r_45+r_90)/4
+del_r = (r_0-2*r_45+r_90)/4
+printf(" \n\n For average R value %.2f LDR of steel can be approximated to be 2.5 (deduced from figure).",R_avg)
+if del_r>0 then
+ printf("\n\n Ear will form in deep drawing of this material.")
+end
diff --git a/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.txt b/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32a4aaba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
+ Example 7.9
+
+ For average R value 1.35 LDR of steel can be approximated to be 2.5 (deduced from figure).
+
+ Ear will form in deep drawing of this material.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..55b62b93e --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Relative energies in cutting
+clc
+t_o = 0.01 // depth in mm
+V = 125 // velocity in m/min
+alpha = 10 // angle i degree
+t_c = 0.014 // depth of cut in mm
+w = 6 // width of cut in mm
+F_c = 55 // force in Kg
+F_t = 25 // force in kg
+printf("\n Example 8.1")
+r = t_o/t_c
+R = sqrt(F_c^2+F_t^2)
+Beta = acos(F_c/R)*180/%pi + alpha
+F = R*(sin(Beta*%pi/180))
+percentage = 100*(F*r/F_c)
+printf("\n Percentage frictional energy is %.1f%%",percentage)
+printf("\n Percentage shear energy is %.1f%%",100-percentage)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt b/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..342be22a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 8.1
+ Percentage frictional energy is 44.4%
+ Percentage shear energy is 55.6%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..041705b76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Comparison of forming and machining energy
+clc
+d_i = 10 // diameter in mm
+l = 125 // length in mm
+del_d = 0.5 // reduction in diameter in mm
+K = 1275 // constant in MPa
+n = 0.45 // constant
+Es = 4.1 // Specific energy in machining in W-S/mm^3
+printf("\n Example 8.2")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+d_o = d_i - del_d
+epsilon = log((d_i/d_o)^2)
+u = K*1e6*epsilon^(n+1)/(1+n)
+W_tension = u*%pi*l*1e-3*(del_d*1e-2)^2
+
+printf("\n Work done by pulling in tension is %d Nm.",W_tension)
+printf("\n\n Part B:")
+V = %pi/4*(d_i^2-d_o^2)*l
+W_mach = Es*V
+ratio = W_mach/W_tension
+printf("\n Work done by machining on lathe is %d Nm.",W_mach)
+printf("\n Work done on machining is about %d time higher than that of tension.",ratio)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt b/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..78b642d59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+ Example 8.2
+
+ Part A:
+ Work done by pulling in tension is 317 Nm.
+
+ Part B:
+ Work done by machining on lathe is 3924 Nm.
+ Work done on machining is about 12 time higher than that of tension.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7bba356c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// increase in tool life by reducing the cutting speed
+clc
+n = 0.5 // Exponential factor
+C = 400 // Constant
+v_ratio = 0.5 // velocity
+printf("\n Example 8.3")
+t_ratio = (1/v_ratio)^(1/n) // From Tylor's equation V*T^n = constant
+del_t = t_ratio -1
+printf("\n On making velocity to %.1f times of initial, \n Increase in life time is %d%%.",v_ratio,del_t*100)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt b/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..162fc5ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 8.3
+ On making velocity to 0.5 times of initial,
+ Increase in life time is 300%.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08ab679e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Material removal rate and cutting force in turning
+clc
+D_o = 10 // diameter in mm
+N = 360 // spindle rpm
+D_i = 9 // machined diameter in mm
+x = 1.75 // axial speed in mm/min
+l = 125 // length in mm
+rate = 4 // specific energy in W-s/mm^3
+printf("\n Example 8.4")
+V_o = %pi*D_o*1e-3*N
+V_i =%pi*D_i*1e-3*N
+d = (D_o-D_i)/2
+f = x*100/N
+mrr = %pi*(D_o-d)*d*f*N
+t = l/(d*N)
+power = rate*mrr/60
+T = power/(2*%pi*N/60) // torque
+F_c = T/((D_o-d)/(2*1000))
+printf("\n Material removal rate is %.2f mm^3/min.",mrr)
+// Answer in book is 2610.08 mm^3/min
+printf("\n Cutting force is %d N.", F_c)
+// Answer in book is 994N
+
diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt b/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f0c5c471 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 8.4
+ Material removal rate is 2611.45 mm^3/min.
+ Cutting force is 972 N.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb5189ba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Calculation of material removal rate, power required and cutting time in face milling
+clc
+D = 160 // diameter in mm
+w = 70 // width in mm
+l = 450//length in mm
+d = 3 // depth in mm
+v = 0.5 // velocity in m/min
+N= 120 // rotation in rpm
+p_u = 1.1 // unit power for material
+printf("\n Example 8.6")
+a = w*d
+mrr = a*v*1000
+l_c = D/2
+t = (l+2*l_c)/(v*1000)
+f = v*1000/(d*N*10)
+power = p_u*mrr/60
+
+printf("\n Material removal rate is %d mm^3/min.",mrr)
+printf("\n power required in milling is %.3f kW.",power/1000)
+printf("\n Required time for milling is %.2f min.",t)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt b/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a236ee1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 8.6
+ Material removal rate is 105000 mm^3/min.
+ power required in milling is 1.925 kW.
+ Required time for milling is 1.22 min.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..595450590 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// chip dimensions in grinding
+clc
+D = 150 // diameter in mm
+d = 0.03 // depth in mm
+C = 3 // per mm^2
+r = 12 // radius in mm
+v = 0.4 // velocity in m/sec
+V = 25 // velocity in m/sec
+printf("\n Example 9.1")
+l = sqrt(D*d)
+t = sqrt((4*v/(V*C*r))*sqrt(d/D))
+printf("\n Length of chip is %.2f mm. \n Thickness of chip is %.3f mm.",l,t)
diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt b/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a93e78b20 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
+ Example 9.1
+ Length of chip is 2.12 mm.
+ Thickness of chip is 0.005 mm.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c2e7ff0a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Forces in surface grinding
+clc
+d = 0.04 // depth of cut in mm
+D = 200 // diameter in mm
+N = 3600 // Rotation in rpm
+w = 20 // width of cut in mm
+v = 1200 // velocity in mm/min
+u = 41 // specific energy in W-s/mm^3
+x = 0.3 // fractional increase
+printf("\n Example 9.2")
+mrr = d*w*v*10
+power = u*mrr/60
+T = power/(2*%pi*N/60)
+F_c = T/(D*1e-3/2)
+F_n = (1+x)*F_c
+
+printf("\n\n Forces in surface grinding are as: \n F_c:%d N \t F_n: %d N",F_c, F_n)
diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt b/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e38ff4ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 9.2
+
+ Forces in surface grinding are as:
+ F_c:174 N F_n: 226 N
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..556a76228 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Machining time in electrochemical machining vs. drilling
+
+clc
+d = 12 // hole diameter in mm
+I = 5 // current density in A/mm^2
+C = 1.5 // material constant in mm^3/A-min
+neeta = 0.92 // efficiency
+depth = 15 // depth of hole in mm
+N = 325 // rotation in rpm
+f1 = 0.15 // feed in mm/rev
+
+printf("\n Example 9.5")
+f = C*I*neeta // feed rate
+T_e = depth/f // time by electrochemical machining
+f_rate = N*f1
+T_d = depth/f_rate// time by drilling
+t_ratio = T_d/T_e
+printf("\n Machining time in electrochemical is %.2f min.",T_e)
+printf("\n Machining time in drilling is %.2f min.",T_d) // answer in boook is 0.030
+printf("\n Machining time in drilling is %d %% of ECM. ",t_ratio*100)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt b/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0bf1a4282 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +
+ Example 9.5
+ Machining time in electrochemical is 2.17 min.
+ Machining time in drilling is 0.31 min.
+ Machining time in drilling is 14 % of ECM.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..417ccf540 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +
+//Machining time in electrical discharge machining vs drilling
+clc
+d = 12.5 // hole diameter in mm
+I = 100 // current density in A/mm^2 for EDM
+I1 = 5 // current density in A/mm^2 for ECM
+h = 20 // depth in mm
+C = 1.5
+neeta = 0.92 // efficiency
+depth = 15 // depth of hole in mm
+N = 325 // rotation in rpm
+f1 = 0.15 // feed in mm/rev
+T_m = 1873.15 // melting point of titanium in K
+t_m = 1373.15 // melting point of electrode in K
+printf("\n Example 9.6")
+printf("\n\n Part A:")
+T_w = T_m -273.15 // melting point in Celsius
+mrr = 4e4*I*T_w^(-1.23)
+v = %pi/4*d^2*h
+t = v/mrr // time by EDM
+f = C*I1*neeta // feed rate
+T_e = depth/f // time by electrochemical machining
+f_rate = N*f1
+T_d = depth/f_rate// time by drilling
+t_edm_ecm = t/T_e // Time ratio between EDM and ECM
+t_edm_d = t/T_d // Time ratio between EDM and drilling
+printf("\n Machining time for EDM is %.1f min.",t)
+printf("\n This time is %.2f time of that for ECM. ",t_edm_ecm) // Answer in book is 2.35 time
+printf("\n This time is %.2f time of that for drilling. ",t_edm_d) // Answer in book is 11.3 times
+printf("\n Part B:")
+t_t = t_m - 273.15
+W_t = 1.1e4*I*t_t^(-2.38)
+printf("\n Wear rate of electrode is %.3f mm^3/min.",W_t)
+
diff --git a/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt b/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..56374acc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3257/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +
+ Example 9.6
+
+ Part A:
+ Machining time for EDM is 5.4 min.
+ This time is 2.46 time of that for ECM.
+ This time is 17.41 time of that for drilling.
+ Part B:
+ Wear rate of electrode is 0.064 mm^3/min.
\ No newline at end of file |
