diff options
Diffstat (limited to '2459/CH1')
33 files changed, 225 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7947f437 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78551dda3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//chapter 1 +//example 1.1 +//page8 + +Eg=24 // V +Ri=.01 // ohm +P=100 // W + +I=P/Eg // we know that P=Eg*I since for ideal source, V is equivalent to Eg +Vi=I*Ri +V=Eg-(I*Ri) + +printf("voltage drop in internal resistance = %.3f V \n",Vi) +printf("terminal voltage = %.3f V",V) diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..34256f5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fecffbd30 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.10
+//page18
+
+V=120 // V
+R1=40 // ohm
+R2=20 // ohm
+R3=60 // ohm
+
+//removing load, voltage across AB is
+E0=R2*V/(R1+R2)
+
+//replacing voltage source by short and removing load, resistance across AB is
+R0=R3+(R1*R2/(R1+R2))
+
+//for maximum power transfer, load must be equal to resistance across AB so
+Rl=R0
+
+P=E0^2/(4*Rl)
+printf("load resistance for maximum power transfer = %.3f ohm \n",Rl)
+printf("maximum power to load = %.3f W",P)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Figure1_10.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Figure1_10.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c4be30aa --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.10/Figure1_10.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b21f206a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..661645acc --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.11
+//page20
+
+R1=4 // ohm
+R2=6 // ohm
+R3=5 // ohm
+R4=8 // ohm
+V=40 // V
+
+// load is removed and A and B are shorted
+load_source=R1+(R2*R3/(R2+R3))
+source_current=V/load_source
+
+norton_current=source_current*(R2/(R2+R3)) // short circuit current in AB
+
+printf("shortcircuit current in AB = %.3f A \n",norton_current)
+
+// load is removed and battery is replaced by a short
+norton_resistance=R3+(R1*R2/(R1+R2))
+printf("norton resistance= %.3f ohm \n",norton_resistance)
+
+// equivalent circuit is norton current source in parallel with norton resistance
+I=norton_current*(norton_resistance/(norton_resistance+R4)) // current through 8 ohm resistance
+printf("current through 8ohm resistor = %.3f A",I)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Figure1_11.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Figure1_11.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e84a48660 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.11/Figure1_11.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d176fe5e --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ab35bba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// chapter 1
+// example 1.12
+// page 21
+
+printf("To find Norton equivalent circuit we need to find \nNorton current I_N and Norton resistance R_N \n \n")
+printf("If Thevenin resistnce = Ro and Thevenin voltage = Eo then \n \n")
+printf("To convert Thevenin circuit to Norton circuit, \n")
+printf("I_N=Eo/Ro and R_N=Ro \n \n")
+printf("To convert Norton circuit to Thevenin circuit, \n")
+printf("Eo=I_N*R_N and Ro=R_N \n")
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Figure1_12.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Figure1_12.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b17e009e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.12/Figure1_12.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..af8a7ed84 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32b015ae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.2
+//page10
+
+Eg=500 // V
+Ri=1000 // ohm
+
+// for Rl=10 ohm
+Rl1=10 // ohm
+I1=Eg/(Rl1+Ri)
+printf("load current for Rl=10ohm is %.3f A \n",I1)
+
+// for Rl=10 ohm
+Rl2=50 // ohm
+I2=Eg/(Rl2+Ri)
+printf("load current for Rl=50ohm is %.3f A \n",I2)
+
+// for Rl=10 ohm
+Rl3=100 // ohm
+I3=Eg/(Rl3+Ri)
+printf("load current for Rl=100ohm is %.3f A",I3)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0420205d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23978aa3a --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.3
+//page11
+
+V=10 // V
+R=10 // ohm
+
+I=V/R // calculate short-circuit current by shorting AB
+printf("equivalent current source has magnitude = %.3f A",I)
+
+// no load is connected across AB and 10V source has negligible resistance
+// so resistance across AB is 10 ohm
+
+// the constant voltage source when converted to constant current source will thus have a source of 1A in parallel with resistor of 10 ohm
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Figure1_3.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Figure1_3.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..fcf12b845 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.3/Figure1_3.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcf5ecb54 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea879a23d --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.4
+//page12
+
+I=6 // mA
+R=2 // kilo ohm
+
+V=I*R // by ohm law
+printf("voltage of voltage source = %.3f V",V)
+
+// this voltage source when connected in series with 2000 ohm gives equivalent voltage source for the given constant current source
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Figure1_4.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Figure1_4.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1b4801a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.4/Figure1_4.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc714ec4e --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6cef9cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.5
+//page13
+
+E=200 // V
+Ri=100 // ohm
+
+Rl=100 // for load=100ohm
+I=E/(Ri+Rl)
+Pl=I^2*Rl
+Pt=I^2*(Rl+Ri)
+efficiency=(Pl/Pt)*100
+printf("for load=100 ohm, power delivered to load= %.3f W and efficiency=%.3f percentage \n \n",Pl,efficiency)
+
+Rl=300 //for load=300ohm
+I=E/(Ri+Rl)
+Pl=I^2*Rl
+Pt=I^2*(Rl+Ri)
+efficiency=(Pl/Pt)*100
+printf("for load=300 ohm, power delivered to load= %.3f W and efficiency=%.3f percentage \n \n",Pl,efficiency)
+
+printf("comment: \n ")
+printf("if load resistance is equal to internal resistance,maximum power is \n transferred but efficiency is low \n ")
+printf("if load resistance is more than internal resistance, power transferred \n is less but efficiency is high")
+
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc72449c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d09f8b850 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.6
+//page14
+
+//for maximum power transfer, resistance of load and amplifier should match
+//so we take load=15 ohm
+
+Rl=15 // ohm
+Ri=15 // ohm
+V=12 // V
+
+Rt=Rl+Ri
+I=V/Rt
+P=I^2*Rl
+
+printf("for maximum power transfer load must equal amplifier resistance \nso required load = %d ohm\n \n",Rl)
+printf("power delivered to load = %.3f W",P)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Figure1_6.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Figure1_6.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce117e90d --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.6/Figure1_6.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1281fd1b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f9c90470 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.7
+//page14
+
+V=50 // V
+Rl=100 // ohm
+Zi=100+50*%i
+//for maximum power transfer load impedence should be conjugate of internal resistance so
+Zl=100-50*%i
+
+Zt=Zi+Zl
+I=V/Zt
+P=I^2*Rl
+
+printf("load for maximum power (in ohms)=")
+disp(Zl)
+
+printf("maximum power transfered to load=%.3f W",P)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Figure1_7.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Figure1_7.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..98606b30a --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.7/Figure1_7.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d93c428a --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3dbc5177 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//chapter1
+//example1.8
+//page16
+
+R=8 // ohm
+R1=10 // ohm
+R2=20 // ohm
+R3=12 // ohm
+Rl=100 // ohm
+//removing 100 ohm resistance, we form linear equations by assuming currents I1 through loop1 and I2 through loop2
+
+//100=10*I1+20*(I1-I2)
+//0=(12+8)*I2+20*(I2-I1)
+
+//thus we get the following linear equations
+
+//30*I1-20*I2=100
+//-20*I1+40*I2=0
+//solving these equations
+
+a=[30 -20;-20 40]
+b=[100;0]
+x=inv(a)*b // matrix of I1 and I2
+
+I2=x(2,1) // current through 8 ohm resistor
+
+E0=I2*R
+printf("voltage across AB with 100 ohm resistance not connected = %.3f V \n",E0)
+
+R_equi=(R1*R2/(R1+R2))+R3
+R0=R_equi*R/(R_equi+R)
+printf("resistance between AB with 100 ohm removed and voltage source shorted = %.3f ohm \n",R0)
+
+I=E0/(R0+Rl)
+printf("current through 100 ohm resistor = %.3f A",I)
+
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Figure1_8.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Figure1_8.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e75b7852c --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.8/Figure1_8.JPG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.PNG b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.PNG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b4d41610 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.PNG diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8272208d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//chapter1
+//exzmple1.8
+//page16
+
+R1=1 // kilo ohm
+R2=1 // kilo ohm
+R3=1 // kilo ohm
+V=20 // V
+
+E0=(R3/(R1+R2))*V // thevenin voltage = voltage across R3 since A and B are open circuited which means no drop across R2
+R0=R2+(R1*R3/(R1+R3)) // thevenin resistance = resistance between A and B with no load and voltage source shorted
+
+printf("thevenin voltage = %.2f V \nthevenin resistance = %.2f kilo ohm",E0,R0)
diff --git a/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Figure1_9.JPG b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Figure1_9.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d88dae4b --- /dev/null +++ b/2459/CH1/EX1.9/Figure1_9.JPG |
