initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.1/Example14_1.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.1/Example14_1.sce
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+//Example 14.1

+//Program to determine the attenuation per kilometer for the fiber 

+//and estimate the accuracy of the result

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+L1=2*10^3;          //metres - INITIAL LENGTH

+L2=2;               //metres - FINAL LENGTH

+V1=2.1;             //volts - INITIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE

+V2=10.7;            //volts - FINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE

+

+//Attenuation per Kilometer

+alpha_dB=10/(L1-L2)*log10(V2/V1);

+

+//Uncertainity in measured attenuation

+Uncertainity=0.2/(L1-L2);

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Attenuation is %0.1f dB/km.",alpha_dB*10^3);

+printf("\n\n\t Uncertainity in measured attenuation is +-%0.1f dB.",Uncertainity*10^3);
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diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..485bd8fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.2/Example14_2.sce
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+//Example 14.2

+//Program to determine the absorption loss for the fiber under test

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+t1=10;               //s - INITIAL TIME

+t2=100;              //s - FINAL TIME

+Tinf_minus_Tt1=0.525;//From Figure 14.6

+Tinf_minus_Tt2=0.021;//From Figure 14.6

+C=1.64*10^4;         //J/degree C - THERMAL CAPACITY PER KILOMETER

+Tinf=4.3*10^(-4);    //degree C - MAXIMUM THERMAL TEMPERATURE RISE  

+Popt=98*10^(-3);     //Watt - OPTICAL POWER  

+

+//Time constant for the calorimeter

+tc=(t2-t1)/(log(Tinf_minus_Tt1)-log(Tinf_minus_Tt2));

+

+//Absorption loss of the test fiber

+alpha_abs=C*Tinf/(Popt*tc);

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Time constant for the calorimeter is %0.1f s.",tc);

+printf("\n\n\t Absorption loss of the test fiber is %0.1f dB/km.",alpha_abs);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d16525bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.3/Example14_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 14.3

+//Program to determine the loss due to scattering for the fiber

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+Vsc=6.14*10^(-9);              //V - OPTICAL OUTPUT POWER

+Vopt=153.38*10^(-6);           //V - OPTICAL POWER WITHOUT SCATTERING

+l=2.92;                        //cm - LENGTH OF THE FIBER

+

+//Loss due to scattering for the fiber

+alpha_sc=4.343*10^5/l*Vsc/Vopt;

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Loss due to scattering for the fiber is %0.1f dB/km.",alpha_sc);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38cac7c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.4/Example14_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Example 14.4

+//Program to calculate:

+//(a)3 dB Pulse Broadening in ns/km

+//(b)Fiber Bandwidth-Length product

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+tau_o=12.6;          //ns - 3 dB width of Output Pulse

+tau_i=0.3;           //ns - 3 dB width of Input Pulse

+L=1.2;               //km - LENGTH

+

+//(a)3 dB Pulse Broadening in ns/km

+tau=sqrt(tau_o^2-tau_i^2)/L;

+

+//(b)Fiber Bandwidth-Length product

+Bopt=0.44/tau;

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t (a)3 dB Pulse Broadening is %0.1f ns/km.",tau);

+printf("\n\n\t (b)Fiber Bandwidth-Length product is %0.1f MHz km.",Bopt*10^3);
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diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.5/Example14_5.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.5/Example14_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e1552d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.5/Example14_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Example 14.5

+//Program to calculate the Numerical Aperture(NA) of the fiber

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+D=10;                 //cm - SCREEN POSITION

+A=6.2;                //cm - OUTPUT PATTERN SIZE

+

+// Numerical Aperture(NA) of the fiber

+NA=A/sqrt(A^2+4*D^2);

+

+//Displaying The Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t  The Numerical Aperture(NA) of the fiber is %0.2f .",NA);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.6/Example14_6.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.6/Example14_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65eb2a02c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.6/Example14_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 14.6

+//Program to determine outer diameter of the optical fiber in micrometer

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+l=0.1;                //m - MIRROR POSITION

+d_PHI_by_dt=4;        //rad/s - ANGULAR VELOCITY

+We=300*10^(-6);       //us - WIDTH OF SHADOW PULSE

+

+//Outer diameter of the optical fiber

+d0=We*l*d_PHI_by_dt;

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t  The Outer diameter of the optical fiber is %1.0f um.",d0*10^6);
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diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.7/Example14_7.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.7/Example14_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..684d249e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.7/Example14_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Example 14.7

+//Program to:

+//(a) Convert optical signal powers to dBm

+//(b) Convert optical signal powers to dBu

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//(a)Convert optical signal powers to dBm

+Po=5*10^(-3);      //Watt - GIVEN OPTICAL POWER

+dBm=10*log10(Po/1*10^3);

+printf("\n\n\t  (a)The %1.0f mW of optical power is equivalent to %0.2f dBm.",Po/10^(-3), dBm);

+

+Po=20*10^(-6);     //Watt - GIVEN OPTICAL POWER

+dBm=10*log10(Po/1*10^3);

+printf("\n\n\t     The %1.0f uW of optical power is equivalent to %0.2f dBm.",Po/10^(-6), dBm);

+

+//(b)Convert optical signal powers to dBu

+Po=0.03*10^(-3);   //Watt - GIVEN OPTICAL POWER

+dBm=10*log10(Po/1*10^6);

+printf("\n\n\t  (b)The %0.2f mW of optical power is equivalent to %0.2f dBu.",Po/10^(-3), dBm);

+

+Po=800*10^(-9);    //Watt - GIVEN OPTICAL POWER

+dBm=10*log10(Po/1*10^6);

+printf("\n\n\t     The %1.0f nW of optical power is equivalent to %0.2f dBu.",Po/10^(-9), dBm);

diff --git a/401/CH14/EX14.8/Example14_8.sce b/401/CH14/EX14.8/Example14_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0de638921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH14/EX14.8/Example14_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Example 14.8

+//Program to calculate the ratio in dB of back scattered optical 

+//power to the forward optical power at the fiber input

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+NA=0.2;            //NUMERICAL APERTURE

+gamma_r=0.7*10^-3; //per m - RAYLEIGH SCATTERING COEFFICIENT

+Wo=50*10^(-9);     //s - PULSE DURATION

+c=2.998*10^8;      //m/s - VELOCITY OF LIGHT IN VACCUM

+n1=1.5;            //CORE REFRACTIVE INDEX

+

+//Calculated Ratio Pra(0)/Pi

+Pra0_by_Pi=0.5*NA^2*gamma_r*Wo*c/(4*n1^3);

+

+//Displaying the Result in command window

+printf("\n\n\t  Pra(0)/Pi = %0.1f dB.",10*log10(Pra0_by_Pi));