initial commit / add all books

80 files changed, 2389 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/3035/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3035/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..28e4460ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+max_dm_kW = 150.0       //Maximum demand(kW)
+pf = 0.85               //Average power factor
+rate = 90.0             //Cost of maximum demand(Rs/kVA)
+E_rate = 0.3            //Cost of energy consumed(Rs)
+lf = 0.65               //Annual load factor            
+
+// Calculation Section
+max_dm_kVA = max_dm_kW/pf                //Maximum demand(kVA)
+annual_chg_kVA = rate*max_dm_kVA         //Annual fixed charges based on max demand(Rs)
+E_kWh = lf*365*24*max_dm_kW              //Energy consumed per annum(kWh)
+annual_E_chg = E_kWh*E_rate              //Annual energy charges(Rs)
+annual_elect_charge = annual_chg_kVA + annual_E_chg     //Annual electricity charge to be paid(Rs)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Annual electricity charges to be paid by consumer = Rs %.2f' ,annual_elect_charge)
diff --git a/3035/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3035/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a68ca8439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+P = 75.0                //Power(kW)
+cost_plant = 3000.0     //Cost of plant(Rs/kW)
+cost_td = 30.0*10**5    //Cost of transmission & distribution(Rs)
+interest = 0.15         //Interest,insurance charges(/annum)
+depreciation = 0.05     //Depreciation(/annum)
+cost_fix_mt = 4.0*10**5 //Fixed maintainance(Rs)
+cost_var_mt = 6.0*10**5 //Variable maintainance(Rs)
+cost_fuel = 10.0*10**6  //Fuel cost(Rs/annum)
+cost_opr = 3.0*10**6    //Operation cost(Rs/annum)
+max_demand = 70.0       //Maximum demand(MW)
+df = 1.6                //Diversity factor b/w consumers
+lf = 0.6                //Annual load factor
+dividend = 10**6        //Dividend to shareholders(Rs/annum)
+per_L = 0.10            //Total energy loss(% of generated energy)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+cost = cost_plant*P*1000                                        //Cost of plant(Rs)
+per_value = interest+depreciation                               //Total interest & depreciation(/annum)
+cost_fix_ann = (cost+cost_opr)*per_value+cost_fix_mt+dividend   //Total fixed cost(Rs)
+cost_var_ann = cost_fuel+cost_opr+cost_var_mt                   //Total running cost(Rs)
+E_gen_ann = max_demand*1000*24*365*lf                           //Energy generated per annum(kWh)
+E_loss = per_L*E_gen_ann                                        //Energy losses(kWh)
+E_sold = E_gen_ann - E_loss                                     //Energy sold(kWh)
+sum_max_demand = df*max_demand*1000                             //Sum of maximum demand of consumers(kW)
+charge_max_demand = cost_fix_ann/sum_max_demand                 //Charge to consumers per kW of max demand per year(Rs)
+charge_energy = cost_var_ann/E_sold*100                         //Charge for energy(paise per kWh)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Two-part tariff is :')
+printf('Rs %.2f per kW of maximum demand per year + %.1f paise per kWh consumed' ,charge_max_demand,charge_energy)
diff --git a/3035/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3035/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..70ecc09d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+P_D = 500.0     //Total load(MW)
+b_1 = 15.0      //Beta value of controllable thermal plant C1
+g_1 = 0.012     //Gamma value of controllable thermal plant C1
+b_2 = 16.0      //Beta value of controllable thermal plant C2
+g_2 = 0.018     //Gamma value of controllable thermal plant C2
+b_3 = 19.0      //Beta value of controllable thermal plant C3
+g_3 = 0.020     //Gamma value of controllable thermal plant C3
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+l = (P_D+((b_1/(2*g_1))+(b_2/(2*g_2))+(b_3/(2*g_3))))/((1/(2*g_1))+(1/(2*g_2))+(1/(2*g_3))) //Lambda value which is a Lagrange multiplier
+P_G1 = (l - b_1)/(2*g_1)                //(MW)
+P_G2 = (l - b_2)/(2*g_2)                //(MW)
+P_G3 = (l - b_3)/(2*g_3)                //(MW)
+C1 = 1500.0 + b_1*P_G1 + g_1*P_G1**2    //Fuel cost of plant C1(Rs/hr)
+C2 = 2000.0 + b_2*P_G2 + g_2*P_G2**2    //Fuel cost of plant C2(Rs/hr)
+C3 = 1000.0 + b_3*P_G3 + g_3*P_G3**2    //Fuel cost of plant C3(Rs/hr)
+C = C1 + C2 + C3                        //Total fuel cost(Rs/hr)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Value of λ from equation(10.14) = %.3f' ,l)
+printf('Optimal scheduling of thermal plant C1 = %.2f MW' ,P_G1)
+printf('Optimal scheduling of thermal plant C2 = %.2f MW' ,P_G2)
+printf('Optimal scheduling of thermal plant C3 = %.2f MW' ,P_G3)
+printf('Total cost , C = Rs %.2f/hr' ,C)
diff --git a/3035/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3035/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bba3bd9b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V_i = 100.0         //Incident voltage(kV)
+Z_1 = 400.0         //Surge impedance(ohm)
+Z_2 = 350.0         //Surge impedance(ohm)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+beta = 2*Z_2/(Z_1+Z_2)      //Refraction coeffeicient of voltage
+alpha = (Z_2-Z_1)/(Z_1+Z_2) //Reflection coeffeicient of voltage
+V_t = beta*V_i              //Refracted voltage(kV)
+V_r = alpha*V_i             //Reflected voltage(kV)
+I_t = V_t/Z_2*1000          //Refracted current(A)
+I_r = -(V_r/Z_1)*1000       //Reflected current(A)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Reflected voltage , V_r = %.1f kV' ,V_r)
+printf('Refracted voltage , V_t = %.1f kV' ,V_t)
+printf('Reflected current , I_r = %.1f A' ,I_r)
+printf('Refracted current , I_t = %.1f A' ,I_t)
diff --git a/3035/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3035/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f99943b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V_i = 100.0         //Incident voltage(kV)
+Z_1 = 400.0         //Surge impedance(ohm)
+Z_21 = 350.0        //Surge impedance of line connected at T(ohm)
+Z_22 = 50.0         //Surge impedance of cable connected at T(ohm)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+Z_2 = Z_21*Z_22/(Z_21+Z_22)     //Surge impedance(ohm)
+V_t = 2*Z_2*V_i/(Z_1+Z_2)       //Refracted voltage(kV)
+V_r = (Z_2-Z_1)*V_i/(Z_1+Z_2)   //Reflected voltage(kV)
+I_t1 = V_t/Z_21*1000            //Refracted current in Z_21(A)
+I_t2 = V_t/Z_22*1000            //Refracted current in Z_22(A)
+I_r = -(V_r/Z_1)*1000           //Reflected current in Z_1(A)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Refracted voltage , V_t = %.2f kV' ,V_t)
+printf('Refracted current in overhead line , I_t1 = %.2f A',I_t1)
+printf('Refracted current in underground cable , I_t2 = %.2f A' ,I_t2)
diff --git a/3035/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3035/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5aa19060a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V_i = 100.0         //Incident voltage(kV)
+Z_1 = 400.0         //Surge impedance of overhead line(ohm)
+Z_2 = 50.0          //Surge impedance of underground cable(ohm)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+beta = 2*Z_2/(Z_1+Z_2)      //Refraction coeffeicient of voltage
+alpha = (Z_2-Z_1)/(Z_1+Z_2) //Reflection coeffeicient of voltage
+V_t = beta*V_i              //Refracted voltage(kV)
+V_r = alpha*V_i             //Reflected voltage(kV)
+I_t = V_t/Z_2*1000          //Refracted current(A)
+I_r = -(V_r/Z_1)*1000       //Reflected current(A)
+
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Reflected voltage , V_r = %.1f kV' ,V_r)
+printf('Refracted voltage , V_t = %.1f kV' ,V_t)
+printf('Reflected current , I_r = %.1f A' ,I_r)
+printf('Refracted current , I_t = %.1f A' ,I_t)
diff --git a/3035/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3035/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b4e269d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+
+// Variable Declaration
+R = 74.0*10**-6         //Resistance of overhead line(ohm/meter)
+L = 1.212*10**-6        //Inductance of overhead line(H/meter)
+C = 9.577*10**-12       //Capacitance of overhead line(F/meter)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+Z_0 = (L/C)**0.5        //Surge impedance of line(ohm)
+a = R/(2*Z_0)
+x_1 = log(2)/a     //Distance to be travelled(m)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('The distance the surge must travel to attenuate to half value = %.2e meter = %.2e km' ,x_1,x_1*10**-3)
diff --git a/3035/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3035/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8539a169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V_i = 2000.0        //Incident voltage(kV)
+Z = 300.0           //Surge impedance(ohm)
+V_p = 1200.0        //Arrester protection level(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+I_surge = V_i/Z         //Surge current(kA)
+V_oc = 2*V_i            //Open-circuit voltage(kV)
+I_A = (V_oc-V_p)/Z      //Current through the arrestor(kA)
+I_r = I_A - I_surge     //Reflected current in line(kA)
+V_r = -I_r*Z            //Reflected voltage of line(kV)
+V_t = V_p               //Refracted voltage into arrestor(kV)
+V_r_coeff = V_r/V_i     //Reflected coefficient of voltage
+V_t_coeff = V_t/V_i     //Refracted coefficient of voltage
+R_a = V_p/I_A           //Arrestor resistance(ohm)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(a) :')
+printf('Current flowing in line before the surge voltage reaches the arrestor terminal = %.2f kA' ,I_surge)
+printf('\nCase(b) :')
+printf('Current through the arrestor , I_A = %.2f kA' ,I_A)
+printf('\nCase(c) :')
+printf('Refraction coefficient of voltage at arrestor terminals = %.1f ' ,V_t_coeff)
+printf('Reflection coefficient of voltage at arrestor terminals = %.1f ' ,V_r_coeff)
+printf('\nCase(d) :')
+printf('Value of arrestor resistance = %.1f ohm' ,R_a)
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a753815e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+kv_gA = 11.0        //Voltage rating of generator A(kV)
+MVA_gA = 40.0       //MVA rating of generator A
+x_gA = 0.12         //Reactance of generator A(p.u)
+kv_gB = 11.0        //Voltage rating of generator B(kV)
+MVA_gB = 20.0       //MVA rating of generator B
+x_gB = 0.08         //Reactance of generator B(p.u)
+kv_Tlv = 11.0       //Low-voltage winding of transformer(kV)
+kv_Thv = 66.0       //High-voltage winding of transformer(kV)
+x_T = 0.10          //Reactance of Transformer(p.u)
+kv_f = 66.0         //Feeder voltage(kV)
+x_f = 30.0          //Reactance of feeder(ohm)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+MVA_base = 75.0                                     //Base MVA
+kv_base_lv = 11.0                                   //Base voltage on LT side(kV)
+kv_base_hv = 66.0                                   //Base voltage on HT side(kV)
+x_gA_new = x_gA*(MVA_base/MVA_gA)                   //New Reactance of generator A(p.u)
+x_gB_new = x_gB*(MVA_base/MVA_gB)                   //New Reactance of generator B(p.u)
+x_f_new = x_f*(MVA_base/kv_base_hv**2)              //New reactance of feeder(p.u)
+
+x_eq = x_T+(x_gA_new*x_gB_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new))  //Equivalent reactance(p.u)
+V_f = kv_Thv/kv_base_hv                             //Fault voltage by applying Thevenin's Theorem at FF(p.u)
+I_f = V_f/complex(0,x_eq)                           //Fault current(A)
+I_f_ht = I_f*(MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_hv))    //Fault current on HT side(A)
+I_f_lt = I_f_ht*kv_base_hv/kv_base_lv               //Fault current on LT side(A)
+MVA_fault = V_f*MVA_base/x_eq                       //Fault MVA
+I_A = I_f*x_gB_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new)              //Current in generator A(p.u)
+I_A1 = I_A*MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_lv)        //Current in generator A(A)
+I_B = I_f*x_gA_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new)              //Current in generator B(p.u)
+I_B1 = I_B*MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_lv)        //Current in generator B(A)
+
+x_eq2 = x_f_new+x_T+(x_gA_new*x_gB_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new))     //Equivalent reactance(p.u)
+I_f2 = V_f/complex(0,x_eq2)                                     //Fault current(p.u)
+I_f_ht2 = I_f2*(MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_hv))              //Fault current on HT side(A)
+MVA_fault2 = V_f*MVA_base/x_eq2                                 //Fault MVA
+I_A_pu = I_f2*x_gB_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new)                      //Current in generator A(p.u)
+I_A2 = I_A_pu*MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_lv)                 //Current in generator A(A)
+I_B_pu = I_f2*x_gA_new/(x_gA_new+x_gB_new)                      //Current in generator B(p.u)
+I_B2 = I_B_pu*MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_lv)                 //Current in generator B(A)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(a) :')
+printf('Fault MVA for symmetric fault at the high voltage terminals of transformer = %.2f MVA' ,MVA_fault)
+printf('Fault current shared by generator A , I_A = %.2fj A' ,imag(I_A1))
+printf('Fault current shared by generator B , I_B = %.2fj A' ,imag(I_B1))
+printf('\nCase(b) :')
+printf('Fault MVA for symmetric fault at the load end of the feeder = %.2f MVA' ,MVA_fault2)
+printf('Fault current shared by generator A , I_A = %.2fj A' ,imag(I_A2))
+printf('Fault current shared by generator B , I_B = %.2fj A' ,imag(I_B2))
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c20c187f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x1_G1 = complex(0,0.17)     //Positive sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+x2_G1 = complex(0,0.14)     //Negative sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+x0_G1 = complex(0,0.05)     //Zero sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+x1_G2 = complex(0,0.17)     //Positive sequence reactance of G2(p.u)
+x2_G2 = complex(0,0.14)     //Negative sequence reactance of G2(p.u)
+x0_G2 = complex(0,0.05)     //Zero sequence reactance of G2(p.u)
+x1_T1 = complex(0,0.11)     //Positive sequence reactance of T1(p.u)
+x2_T1 = complex(0,0.11)     //Negative sequence reactance of T1(p.u)
+x0_T1 = complex(0,0.11)     //Zero sequence reactance of T1(p.u)
+x1_T2 = complex(0,0.11)     //Positive sequence reactance of T2(p.u)
+x2_T2 = complex(0,0.11)     //Negative sequence reactance of T2(p.u)
+x0_T2 = complex(0,0.11)     //Zero sequence reactance of T2(p.u)
+x1_L = complex(0,0.22)      //Positive sequence reactance of line(p.u)
+x2_L = complex(0,0.22)      //Negative sequence reactance of line(p.u)
+x0_L = complex(0,0.60)      //Zero sequence reactance of line(p.u)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+a = 1.0*exp(%i*120*%pi/180)                                  //Operator
+Z_1T = (x1_G1+x1_T1)*(x1_G2+x1_T2+x1_L)/(x1_G1+x1_T1+x1_G2+x1_T2+x1_L)  //Thevenin reactance of positive sequence(p.u)
+Z_2T = (x2_G1+x2_T1)*(x2_G2+x2_T2+x2_L)/(x2_G1+x2_T1+x2_G2+x2_T2+x2_L)  //Thevenin reactance of negative sequence(p.u)
+Z_0T = (x0_G1+x0_T1)*(x0_T2+x0_L)/(x0_G1+x0_T1+x0_T2+x0_L)              //Thevenin reactance of zero sequence(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                                                               //Pre-fault terminal voltage(p.u)
+I_a1 = V_f/(Z_1T+Z_2T+Z_0T)                                             //Positive sequence current(p.u)
+I_a2 = I_a1                                                             //Negative sequence current(p.u)
+I_a0 = I_a1                                                             //Zero sequence current(p.u)
+I_a = 3*I_a1                                                            //Fault current(p.u)
+
+I_a1_G1 = I_a1*(x1_L+x1_T2+x1_G2)/(x1_L+x1_T1+x1_G1+x1_T2+x1_G2)        //Positive sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a2_G1 = I_a2*(x2_L+x2_T2+x2_G2)/(x2_L+x2_T1+x2_G1+x2_T2+x2_G2)        //Negative sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a0_G1 = I_a0*(x0_L+x0_T2)/(x0_L+x0_T1+x0_G1+x0_T2)                    //Zero sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a_G1 = I_a0_G1+I_a1_G1+I_a2_G1                                        //Phase current through G1(p.u)
+I_b_G1 = I_a0_G1+a**2*I_a1_G1+a*I_a2_G1                                 //Phase current through G1(p.u)
+I_c_G1 = I_a0_G1+a*I_a1_G1+a**2*I_a2_G1                                 //Phase current through G1(p.u)
+
+I_a1_G2 = I_a1*(x1_T1+x1_G1)/(x1_L+x1_T1+x1_G1+x1_T2+x1_G2)*exp(%i*30*%pi/180)   //Positive sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a2_G2 = I_a2*(x2_T1+x2_G1)/(x2_L+x2_T1+x2_G1+x2_T2+x2_G2)*exp(%i*-30*%pi/180)  //Negative sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a0_G2 = 0                                                                                 //Zero sequence current shared by G1(p.u)
+I_a_G2 = I_a0_G2+I_a1_G2+I_a2_G2                                                            //Phase current through G2(p.u)
+I_b_G2 = I_a0_G2+a**2*I_a1_G2+a*I_a2_G2                                                     //Phase current through G2(p.u)
+I_c_G2 = I_a0_G2+a*I_a1_G2+a**2*I_a2_G2                                                     //Phase current through G2(p.u)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Fault current for a L-G fault at bus 1 , I_a = %.3fj p.u' ,imag(I_a))
+printf('\nPhase currents contributed by G1 :')
+printf('I_a = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_a_G1),phasemag(I_a_G1))
+printf('I_b = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_b_G1),phasemag(I_b_G1))
+printf('I_c = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_c_G1),phasemag(I_c_G1))
+printf('\nPhase currents contributed by G2 :')
+printf('I_a = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_a_G2),phasemag(I_a_G2))
+printf('I_b = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_b_G2),phasemag(I_b_G2))
+printf('I_c = %.3f∠%.1f° p.u' ,abs(I_c_G2),phasemag(I_c_G2))
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : Calculation mistakes in Generator G2 part')
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82d1f10e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+
+// Variable Declaration
+kv_G1 = 13.2        //Voltage rating of G1(kV)
+MVA_G1 = 40.0       //MVA rating of G1
+x1_G1 = 0.2         //Positive sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+x2_G1 = 0.2         //Negative sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+x0_G1 = 0.08        //Zero sequence reactance of G1(p.u)
+MVA_T1 = 40.0       //MVA rating of T1
+x_T1 = 0.05         //Reactance(p.u)
+kv_lv_T1 = 13.2     //L.V side rating of T1(kV)
+kv_hv_T1 = 132.0    //H.V side rating of T1(kV)
+kv_L = 132.0        //Voltage rating of line(kV)
+x1_L = 40.0         //Positive sequence resistance of line(ohm)
+x2_L = 40.0         //Negative sequence resistance of line(ohm)
+x0_L = 100.0        //Zero sequence resistance of line(ohm)
+MVA_T2 = 40.0       //MVA rating of T1
+x_T2 = 1.0          //Resistance through which neutral is earthed(ohm)
+xp_T2 = 0.05        //Primary reactance of T2(p.u)
+xs_T2 = 0.045       //Secondary reactance of T2(p.u)
+xt_T2 = 0.06        //Tertiary reactance of T2(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+MVA_base = 40.0                                                                 //Base MVA
+kv_base_G1 = 13.2                                                               //Voltage base on generator side(kV)
+kv_base_L = 132.0                                                               //Voltage base on Line side(kV)
+kv_base_T2t = 3.3                                                               //Voltage base on tertiary side of T2(kV)
+kv_base_T2s = 66                                                                //Voltage base on secondary side of T2(kV)
+R_ng = 2*MVA_base/kv_base_G1**2                                                 //Neutral resistance of generator(p.u)
+x1_L_new = x1_L*MVA_base/kv_base_L**2                                           //New Line reactance(p.u)
+x2_L_new = x2_L*MVA_base/kv_base_L**2                                           //New Line reactance(p.u)
+x0_L_new = x0_L*MVA_base/kv_base_L**2                                           //New Line reactance(p.u)
+R_nT = x_T2*MVA_base/kv_base_T2s**2                                             //Neutral resistance of T2(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                                                                       //Pre-fault voltage at fault point(p.u)
+Z1 = complex(0,x1_G1+x_T1+(x1_L_new/2)+xp_T2+xs_T2)                             //Thevenin impedance of positive sequence(p.u)
+Z2 = complex(0,x2_G1+x_T1+(x2_L_new/2)+xp_T2+xs_T2)                             //Thevenin impedance of negative sequence(p.u)
+Z0 = complex(0.0024,0.0593)                                                     //Thevenin impedance of zero sequence(p.u).Refer diagram
+I_f = 3*V_f/(Z1+Z2+Z0)                                                          //Fault current(p.u)
+I_f1 = abs(I_f)*MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base_T2s)                              //Fault current(A)
+MVA_fault = abs(I_f)*MVA_base                                                   //Fault MVA
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Fault current , I_f = %.2f A' ,I_f1)
+printf('Fault MVA for L-G fault = %.2f MVA' ,MVA_fault)
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59a556e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+MVA_base = 100.0    //Base MVA
+x1 = 0.15           //Reactance b/w F & B(p.u) . (Refer textbook diagram for marking)
+x2 = 0.1            //Reactance b/w F & B(p.u)
+x3 = 0.18           //Reactance b/w B & C(p.u)
+x4 = 0.1            //Reactance b/w B & F(p.u)
+x5 = 0.05           //Reactance b/w F & C(p.u)
+x6 = 0.05           //Reactance b/w F & C(p.u)
+x7 = 0.1            //Reactance b/w C & F(p.u)
+x8 = 0.12           //Reactance b/w C & F(p.u)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+V_f = 1.0           //Fault voltage by applying Thevenin's Theorem at FF(p.u)
+x1_eq = x1+x2
+x2_eq = x7+x8
+x3_eq = x5*x6/(x5+x6)
+x4_eq = x3*x4/(x3+x4+x3_eq)
+x5_eq = x4*x3_eq/(x3+x4+x3_eq)
+x6_eq = x3*x3_eq/(x3+x4+x3_eq)
+x7_eq = (x1_eq+x4_eq)*(x2_eq+x6_eq)/(x1_eq+x4_eq+x2_eq+x6_eq)
+X_eq = x7_eq+x5_eq              //Equivalent reactance
+MVA_SC = V_f*MVA_base/X_eq      //Short circuit MVA at A
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Rating of the circuit breaker at the location A = %.1f MVA' ,MVA_SC)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : Delta to star reactance conversion mistake in textbook')
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b09df903c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x = 1.2                 //Reactance of interconnector(ohm per phase)
+kv = 33.0               //Voltage of bus-bars(kV)
+SC_MVA1 = 3000.0        //Short-circuit MVA at bus-bar of first station(MVA)
+SC_MVA2 = 2000.0        //Short-circuit MVA at bus-bar of second station(MVA)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+MVA_base = 3000.0                   //Base MVA
+kv_base = 33.0                      //Base kV
+x_c = x*(MVA_base/kv_base**2)       //Cable reactance(p.u)
+x1 = MVA_base/SC_MVA1               //Reactance b/w e.m.f source & bus-bars for station 1(p.u)
+x2 = MVA_base/SC_MVA2               //Reactance b/w e.m.f source & bus-bars for station 2(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                           //Fault voltage by applying Thevenin's Theorem at FF(p.u)
+X_eq1 = x1*(x_c+x2)/(x1+x_c+x2)     //Thevenin reactance for short-circuit at bus bars at station 1(p.u)
+SC_MVA1_poss = V_f*MVA_base/X_eq1   //Possible short-circuit at station 1(MVA)
+X_eq2 = x2*(x_c+x1)/(x1+x_c+x2)     //Thevenin reactance for short-circuit at bus bars at station 2(p.u)
+SC_MVA2_poss = V_f*MVA_base/X_eq2   //Possible short-circuit at station 2(MVA)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Possible short-circuit MVA at station 1 = %.2f MVA' ,SC_MVA1_poss)
+printf('Possible short-circuit MVA at station 2 = %.2f MVA' ,SC_MVA2_poss)
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1d543709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+MVA_G1 = 20.0       //MVA rating of generator 1(MVA)
+kv_G1 = 13.2        //Voltage rating of generator 1(kV)
+x_G1 = 0.14         //Reactance of generator 1(p.u)
+MVA_T1 = 20.0       //MVA rating of transformer 1(MVA)
+kv_T1_lv = 13.2     //L.V voltage rating of transformer 1(kV)
+kv_T1_hv = 132.0    //H.V voltage rating of transformer 1(kV)
+x_T1 = 0.08         //Reactance of transformer 1(p.u)
+MVA_G2 = 30.0       //MVA rating of generator 2(MVA)
+kv_G2 = 13.2        //Voltage rating of generator 2(kV)
+x_G2 = 0.16         //Reactance of generator 2(p.u)
+MVA_T2 = 30.0       //MVA rating of transformer 2(MVA)
+kv_T2_lv = 13.2     //L.V voltage rating of transformer 2(kV)
+kv_T2_hv = 132.0    //H.V voltage rating of transformer 2(kV)
+x_T2 = 0.12         //Reactance of transformer 2(p.u)
+x_L = 75.0          //Line reactance(ohm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+MVA_base = 45.0                                 //Base MVA
+kv_lv_base = 13.2                               //L.T base voltage(kV)
+kv_hv_base = 132.0                              //H.T base voltage(kV)
+I_lt_base = MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_lv_base)   //Base current on LT side(A)
+x_G1_new = x_G1*(MVA_base/MVA_G1)               //New reactance of generator 1(p.u)
+x_G2_new = x_G2*(MVA_base/MVA_G2)               //New reactance of generator 2(p.u)
+x_T1_new = x_T1*(MVA_base/MVA_T1)               //New reactance of transformer 1(p.u)
+x_T2_new = x_T2*(MVA_base/MVA_T2)               //New reactance of transformer 2(p.u)
+x_L_new = x_L*(MVA_base/kv_hv_base**2)          //New line reactance(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                                       //Pre-fault voltage at fault point FF(p.u)
+x_T = (x_L_new/2)+((x_G1_new+x_T1_new)*(x_G2_new+x_T2_new)/(x_G1_new+x_T1_new+x_G2_new+x_T2_new)) //Thevenin reactance(p.u)
+I_f = V_f/complex(0,x_T)                                                //Fault current(A)
+I_G1 = I_f*(x_G2_new+x_T2_new)/(x_G1_new+x_T1_new+x_G2_new+x_T2_new)    //Fault current shared by generator 1(p.u)
+I_f_G1 = I_G1*I_lt_base                                                 //Fault current shared by generator 1(A)
+I_G2 = I_f*(x_G1_new+x_T1_new)/(x_G1_new+x_T1_new+x_G2_new+x_T2_new)    //Fault current shared by generator 2(p.u)
+I_f_G2 = I_G2*I_lt_base                                                 //Fault current shared by generator 2(A)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Fault current fed by generator 1 = %.1fj A' ,imag(I_f_G1))
+printf('Fault current fed by generator 2 = %.1fj A' ,imag(I_f_G2))
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : MVA ratings of G2 & T2 are 30 MVA , not 25 MVA as in textbook question')
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aced4fb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+MVA_base = 20.0     //Base MVA
+
+V_f = 1.0                       //Pre-fault voltage at bus 1(p.u).(Refer textbook diagram for marking.After circuit simplification)
+x1 = 0.049                      //Reactance(p.u)
+x2 = 0.064                      //Reactance(p.u)
+x3 = 0.04                       //Reactance(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+x_eq = (x1+x2)*x3/(x1+x2+x3)    //Equivalent reactance(p.u)
+MVA_fault = V_f*MVA_base/x_eq   //Fault MVA
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('SCC of bus 1 = %.f MVA' ,MVA_fault)
+printf('\nNOTE : Changes in answer is due to more decimal places')
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b2ae6e058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x_G1 = 0.15                 //Sub-transient reactance of generator 1(p.u)
+x_G2 = 0.15                 //Sub-transient reactance of generator 2(p.u)
+x_T1 = 0.12                 //Leakage reactance of transformer 1(p.u)
+x_T2 = 0.12                 //Leakage reactance of transformer 2(p.u)
+x_s = 0.2                   //Reactance of tie line(p.u)
+load = complex(1.5,0.5)     //Load(p.u)
+S_12 = complex(0.75,0.25)   //Load at tie line(p.u)
+V1 = 1.0                    //Pre-fault voltage at bus 1(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+V_f = 1.0                                       //Voltage at FF(p.u)
+Y_s = 1/complex(0,x_s)                          //Series admittance of line(p.u)
+V2 = conj(1-(S_12/conj(Y_s)))     //Voltage at bus 2(p.u)
+Z_L = conj(abs(V2)**2/load)             //Load at bus 2(p.u)
+I_s = (V1-V2)*Y_s                               //Current through tie line(p.u)
+I1 = I_s                                        //Current through G1 & T1(p.u)
+I_L = V2/Z_L                                    //Load current(p.u)
+I2 = I_L - I_s                                  //Pre-fault current from generator 2(p.u)
+
+x_eq = (x_G1+x_T1)*(x_G2+x_T2+x_s)/(x_G1+x_T1+x_G2+x_T2+x_s)            //Equivalent reactance of n/w(p.u)
+I_f = 1/complex(0,x_eq)                                                 //Fault current(p.u)
+I_f1 = I_f*(x_G2+x_T2+x_s)/(x_G1+x_T1+x_G2+x_T2+x_s)                    //Fault current through G1,T1 towards F(p.u)
+I_f2 = I_f*(x_G1+x_T1)/(x_G1+x_T1+x_G2+x_T2+x_s)                        //Fault current through G2,T2 & tie-line towards F(p.u)
+
+V_1f = 0                                                                //Post-fault voltage at bus 1(p.u)
+V_2f = V_1f+(I_f2-I_s)*complex(0,x_s)                                   //Post-fault voltage at bus 2(p.u)
+
+SCC = V_f/x_eq                                                          //Fault MVA or SCC
+
+// Result Section
+disp('Case(a) :')
+printf('SCC of bus 1 = %.2f p.u',SCC)
+disp('Case(b) :')
+printf('Total post-fault ac current shared by generator 1 , I_f1 = %.2fj p.u' ,imag(I_f1))
+printf('Total post-fault ac current shared by generator 2 , I_f2 = %.2fj p.u' ,imag(I_f2))
+disp('Case(c) :')
+printf('Post-fault voltage of bus 2 , V_2f = %.3f∠%.2f° p.u' ,abs(V_2f),phasemag(V_2f))
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..766191140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+I_a = 10.0*exp(%i*90*%pi/180)    //Line current(A)
+I_b = 10.0*exp(%i*-90*%pi/180)   //Line current(A)
+I_c = 10.0*exp(%i*0*%pi/180)     //Line current(A)
+
+// Calculation Section
+a = 1.0*exp(%i*120*%pi/180)      //Operator
+I_a0 = 1.0/3*(I_a+I_b+I_c)                  //Zero-sequence component(A)
+I_a1 = 1.0/3*(I_a+a*I_b+a**2*I_c)           //Positive-sequence component(A)
+I_a2 = 1.0/3*(I_a+a**2*I_b+a*I_c)           //Negative-sequence component(A)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Zero-sequence component , I_a0 = %.2f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_a0),phasemag(I_a0))
+printf('Positive-sequence component , I_a1 = %.3f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_a1),phasemag(I_a1))
+printf('Negative-sequence component , I_a2 = %.1f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_a2),phasemag(I_a2))
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c61e2cb75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+kv = 13.2       //Voltage rating of generator(kV)
+MVA = 25.0      //MVA rating of generator
+MVA_sc = 170.0  //Short circuit MVA
+x0 = 0.05       //Zero sequence reactance(p.u)
+x2 = 0.13       //Negative sequence reactance(p.u)
+
+MVA_base = 25.0                                 //Base MVA
+kv_base = 13.2                                  //Line-to-line Base voltage(kV)
+I_base = MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base)         //Base current(A)
+x1 = MVA_base/MVA_sc                            //Positive sequence reactance(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                                       //Pre-fault terminal voltage(p.u)
+Z_f = 0                                         //Fault impedance
+a = 1.0*exp(%i*120*%pi/180)          //Operator
+
+// Calculation Section
+I_a1 = V_f/complex(0,(x0+x1+x2))                //Positive sequence current(p.u)
+I_a2 = I_a1                                     //Negative sequence current(p.u)
+I_a0 = I_a1                                     //Zero sequence current(p.u)
+I_a = 3*I_a1*I_base                             //Fault current at phase a(A)
+I_b = 0                                         //Fault current at phase b(A)
+I_c = 0                                         //Fault current at phase c(A)
+V_a1 = V_f - I_a1*complex(0,x1)                 //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a2 = -I_a2*complex(0,x2)                      //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a0 = -I_a0*complex(0,x0)                      //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a = (V_a0+V_a1+V_a2)*kv_base/3**0.5           //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_b = (V_a0+a**2*V_a1+a*V_a2)*kv_base/3**0.5    //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_c = (V_a0+a*V_a1+a**2*V_a2)*kv_base/3**0.5    //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_ab = (V_a-V_b)                                //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_bc = (V_b-V_c)                                //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_ca = (V_c-V_a)                                //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+
+I_a12 = V_f/complex(0,(x1+x2))                    //Positive sequence current(p.u)
+I_a22 = -I_a12                                    //Negative sequence current(p.u)
+I_a02 = 0                                         //Zero sequence current(p.u)
+I_a_2 = (I_a12+I_a22+I_a02)*I_base                //Fault current at phase a(A)
+I_b_2 = (a**2*I_a12+a*I_a22+I_a02)*I_base         //Fault current at phase b(A)
+I_c_2 = -I_b_2                                    //Fault current at phase c(A)
+V_a12 = V_f - I_a12*complex(0,x1)                 //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a22 = V_a12                                     //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a02 = 0                                         //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a_2 = (V_a02+V_a12+V_a22)*kv_base/3**0.5        //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_b_2 = (V_a02+a**2*V_a12+a*V_a22)*kv_base/3**0.5 //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_c_2 = (V_a02+a*V_a12+a**2*V_a22)*kv_base/3**0.5 //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_ab2 = (V_a_2-V_b_2)                             //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_bc2 = (V_b_2-V_c_2)                             //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_ca2 = (V_c_2-V_a_2)                             //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+
+I_a13 = V_f/complex(0,(x1+(x0*x2/(x0+x2))))       //Positive sequence current(p.u)
+I_a23 = -I_a13*x0/(x0+x2)                         //Negative sequence current(p.u)
+I_a03 = -I_a13*x2/(x0+x2)                         //Zero sequence current(p.u)
+I_a_3 = (I_a13+I_a23+I_a03)*I_base                //Fault current at phase a(A)
+I_b_3 = (I_a03+a**2*I_a13+a*I_a23)*I_base         //Fault current at phase b(A)
+I_c_3 = (I_a03+a*I_a13+a**2*I_a23)*I_base         //Fault current at phase c(A)
+V_a13 = V_f-I_a13*complex(0,x1)                   //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a23 = V_a13                                     //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a03 = V_a13                                     //Terminal voltage(p.u)
+V_a3 = (V_a03+V_a13+V_a23)*kv_base/3**0.5         //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_b3 = (V_a03+a**2*V_a13+a*V_a23)*kv_base/3**0.5  //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_c3 = (V_a03+a*V_a13+a**2*V_a23)*kv_base/3**0.5  //Line-to-neutral voltage at terminal(kV)
+V_ab3 = (V_a3-V_b3)                               //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_bc3 = (V_b3-V_c3)                               //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+V_ca3 = (V_c3-V_a3)                               //Line voltages at terminal(kV)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) : L-G fault :')
+printf('Short circuit current , I_a  = %.1fj A = %.1f∠%.f° A' ,imag(I_a),abs(I_a),phasemag(I_a))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_b  = %.f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_b),phasemag(I_b))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_c  = %.f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_c),phasemag(I_c))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ab = %.2f∠%.2f° kV' ,abs(V_ab),phasemag(V_ab))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_bc = %.2f∠%.2f° kV' ,abs(V_bc),phasemag(V_bc))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ca = %.2f∠%.2f° kV' ,abs(V_ca),phasemag(V_ca))
+printf('\nCase(ii) : L-L fault :')
+printf('Short circuit current , I_a  = %.f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_a_2),phasemag(I_a_2))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_b  = %.2f∠%.1f° A' ,abs(I_b_2),phasemag(I_b_2))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_c  = %.2f∠%.1f° A' ,abs(I_c_2),phasemag(I_c_2))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ab = %.3f∠%.1f° kV' ,abs(V_ab2),phasemag(V_ab2))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_bc = %.f∠%.1f° kV' ,abs(V_bc2),phasemag(V_bc2))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ca = %.3f∠%.1f° kV' ,abs(V_ca2),phasemag(V_ca2))
+printf('\nCase(iii) : L-L-G fault :')
+printf('Short circuit current , I_a  = %.f∠%.f° A' ,abs(I_a_3),phasemag(I_a_3))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_b  = %.2f∠%.1f° A' ,abs(I_b_3),phasemag(I_b_3))
+printf('Short circuit current , I_c  = %.2f∠%.1f° A' ,abs(I_c_3),phasemag(I_c_3))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ab = %.3f∠%.f° kV' ,abs(V_ab3),phasemag(V_ab3))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_bc = %.f∠%.f° kV' ,abs(V_bc3),phasemag(V_bc3))
+printf('Terminal line voltage , V_ca = %.3f∠%.f° kV' ,abs(V_ca3),phasemag(V_ca3))
+printf('\nNOTE : Changes in answer is due to more decimal places')
diff --git a/3035/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/3035/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9de4ed637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x0 = 0.05       //Zero sequence reactance(p.u)
+x2 = 0.13       //Negative sequence reactance(p.u)
+r = 1.0         //Resistance through which generator neutral is earthed(ohm)
+MVA_sc = 170.0  //Short circuit MVA
+
+// Calculation Section
+MVA_base = 25.0                         //Base MVA
+kv_base = 13.2                          //Line-to-line Base voltage(kV)
+I_base = MVA_base*1000/(3**0.5*kv_base) //Base current(A)
+kv_base1 = 11.0                         //Base kV
+Z_n = r*MVA_base/kv_base1**2            //Neutral impedance(p.u)
+V_f = 1.0                               //Pre-fault terminal voltage(p.u)
+x1 = MVA_base/MVA_sc                    //Positive sequence reactance(p.u)
+I_a1 = V_f/complex(3*Z_n,(x1+x2+x0))    //Positive sequence current(p.u)
+I_a0 = I_a1                             //Zero sequence current(p.u)
+I_a2 = I_a1                             //Negative sequence current(p.u)
+I_a = 3*I_a1*I_base                     //Fault current(A)
+V_n = 3*I_a0*Z_n*I_base                 //Potential of neutral(V)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Fault current for a L-G short-circuit at its terminals , I_a = %.2f∠%.2f° A' ,abs(I_a),phasemag(I_a))
+printf('Neutral potential = %.3f∠%.2f° V' ,abs(V_n),phasemag(V_n))
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : For calculating neutral potential in textbook Z_n = 1 is taken instead of Z_n = 0.206611570248')
diff --git a/3035/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3035/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..965ef3750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+TMS = 0.5       //Time multiplier setting
+I_f = 5000.0    //Fault current(A)
+CT = 500.0/5    //CT ratio
+set_plug = 1.0  //Relay plug set
+I_relay = 5.0   //Rated relay current(A)
+
+// Calculation Section
+PSM = I_f/(CT*set_plug*I_relay)     //Plug setting multiplier
+T1 = 1.0                            //Time of operation for obtained PSM & TMS of 1 from graph.Refer Fig 14.22
+T2 = TMS*3/T1                       //Time of operation(sec)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Operating time of the relay = %.1f sec' ,T2)
diff --git a/3035/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3035/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73898c397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+I_f_A = 6000.0      //3-phase fault current of substation A(A)
+I_f_B = 5000.0      //3-phase fault current of substation B(A)
+I_f_C = 3000.0      //3-phase fault current of substation C(A)
+I_f_D = 2000.0      //3-phase fault current of substation D(A)
+I_L_max = 100.0     //Maximum load cuurent(A)
+T = 0.5             //Operating time of breakers(sec)
+ 
+
+I_set = 1.0                         //Setting current(A)
+
+// Calculation Section
+I_L_maxD = I_L_max                  //Maximum load current at D(A)
+CT_D = I_L_max/1                    //CT ratio
+PSM_D = I_f_D/(CT_D*I_set)          //Plug setting multiplier
+TMS_D = 0.1                         //Time multiplier setting
+T_D = 0.14*TMS_D/(PSM_D**0.02-1)    //Time of operation(sec)
+
+I_L_maxC = I_L_max+I_L_maxD         //Maximum load current at C(A)
+CT_C = I_L_maxC/1                   //CT ratio
+PSM_C = I_f_C/(CT_C*I_set)          //Plug setting multiplier
+T_C = T_D+T                         //Minimum time of operation(sec)
+TMS_C = T_C*(PSM_C**0.02-1)/0.14    //Time multiplier setting
+
+I_L_maxB = I_L_max+I_L_maxC         //Maximum load current at B(A)
+CT_B = I_L_maxB/1                   //CT ratio
+PSM_B = I_f_B/(CT_B*I_set)          //Plug setting multiplier
+T_B = T_C+T                         //Minimum time of operation(sec)
+TMS_B = T_B*(PSM_B**0.02-1)/0.14    //Time multiplier setting
+
+I_L_maxA = I_L_max+I_L_maxB         //Maximum load current at A(A)
+CT_A = I_L_maxA/1                   //CT ratio
+PSM_A = I_f_A/(CT_A*I_set)          //Plug setting multiplier
+T_A = T_B+T                         //Minimum time of operation(sec)
+TMS_A = T_A*(PSM_A**0.02-1)/0.14    //Time multiplier setting
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Relay A :')
+printf('CT ratio = %.f/1' ,CT_A)
+printf('PSM of R_A = %.1f' ,PSM_A)
+printf('TMS of R_A = %.1f sec' ,TMS_A)
+printf('\nRelay B :')
+printf('CT ratio = %.f/1' ,CT_B)
+printf('PSM of R_B = %.2f' ,PSM_B)
+printf('TMS of R_B = %.1f sec' ,TMS_B)
+printf('\nRelay C :')
+printf('CT ratio = %.f/1' ,CT_C)
+printf('PSM of R_C = %.1f' ,PSM_C)
+printf('TMS of R_C = %.1f sec' ,TMS_C)
+printf('\nRelay D :')
+printf('CT ratio = %.f/1' ,CT_D)
+printf('PSM of R_D = %.1f' ,PSM_D)
+printf('TMS of R_D = %.2f sec' ,TMS_D)
diff --git a/3035/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3035/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..19d0399b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+kv_hv = 66.0                            //Voltage rating of HV side of transformer(kV)
+kv_lv = 11.0                            //Voltage rating of LV side of transformer(kV)
+CT = 300.0/5                            //CT ratio on low tension side
+
+// Calculation Section
+I = 300.0                               //Assumed current flowing at low tension side(A)
+I_HT = kv_lv/kv_hv*I                    //Line current on HT side(A)
+I_LT_CT = I/CT                          //Pilot wire current from LT side(A)
+CT_ratio_HT = I_HT*3**0.5/I_LT_CT       //Ratio of CT on HT side
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Ratio of CT on high tension side = %.f√3/%.f' ,I_HT,I_LT_CT)
diff --git a/3035/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3035/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44249d938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+kv = 11.0       //Voltage rating(kV)
+MVA = 5.0       //MVA rating
+R = 10.0        //Resistance(ohm)
+per_a = 0.15    //Armature winding reactance
+per_trip = 0.3  //Relay trip for out-of-balance
+
+// Calculation Section
+x_p = per_a*kv**2/MVA                           //Winding Reactance(ohm)
+V = kv/3**0.5*1000                              //Phase voltage(V)
+I = per_trip*MVA*1000/(3**0.5*kv)               //Out of balance current(A)
+p = (((R*I)**2/(V**2-(x_p*I)**2))**0.5)*100     //Percentage of winding remains unsupported
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Percentage of winding that remains unprotected , p = %.1f percentage' ,p)
diff --git a/3035/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3035/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..24b38a335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+G = 50.0            //Rating of machine(MVA)
+f = 50.0            //Frequency of turbo generator(Hz)
+V = 11.0            //Voltage rating of machine(kV)
+H = 9.0             //Cycle corresponding to 180 ms
+P_0 = 40.0          //Pre-fault output power(MW)
+delta_0 = 20.0      //Rotor angle at instant of fault(degree)
+
+funcprot(0)
+// Calculation Section
+P_0_close = 0                              //Output power at instant of reclosing(MW)
+P_a = P_0 - P_0_close                      //Net accelerating power(MW)
+delta_sqr = P_a*180*f/(G*H)                //double derivative(elect.degrees/sec^2)
+
+
+function ans =  integrand1(t)                         //intgs the double derivative to 800*t
+    ans = delta_sqr
+endfunction    
+a = intg(0, 180*10**-3,integrand1)   //Rotor velocity(electrical degrees/sec)
+
+function ans = integrand2(t)                         //intgs the double derivative to 400*t^2
+    ans = delta_sqr*t
+endfunction    
+b = intg(0, 180*10**-3,integrand2)
+delta = delta_0 + b                        //Rotor angle(electrical degrees)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Rotor angle at the instant of reclosure = %.2f electrical degrees' ,delta)
+printf('Rotor velocity at the instant of reclosure = %.1f electrical degrees/sec' ,a)
diff --git a/3035/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3035/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38ff030b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V = 1.0         //Infinite bus voltage(p.u)
+E = 1.0         //e.m.f of finite generator behind transient reactance(p.u)
+X_T = 0.8       //Transfer reactance(p.u)
+P_i = 0.5       //Input power(p.u)
+P_i_d = 0.8     //p.u
+P_0 = 0.5       //Output power(p.u)
+P = 0.5         //Power(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+P_m = E*V/X_T                       //Amplitude of power angle curve(p.u)
+delta_0 = asin(P_i/P_m)        //Radians
+delta = asin(P_i_d/P_m)        //Radians
+delta_m = %pi-delta             //Radians
+A_acc = P_i_d*(delta-delta_0)-P_m*(cos(delta_0)-cos(delta))   //Possible area of a// Result Sectioneleration
+A_dec = P_m*(cos(delta)-cos(delta_m))-P_i_d*(delta_m-delta)   //Possible area of deceleration
+
+// Result Section
+if (A_acc < A_dec) then
+    printf('System is stable')
+    stability = A_dec/A_acc
+    printf('Margin of stability = %.2f' ,stability)
+else
+    printf('System is not stable')
+end
diff --git a/3035/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce b/3035/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e80d4baf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH15/EX15.3/Ex15_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x = 0.25        //Transient reactance(p.u)
+E = 1.0         //e.m.f of finite generator behind transient reactance(p.u)
+x_T = 0.1       //Reactance of transformer(p.u)
+x_L = 0.4       //Reactance of one line(p.u)
+P_i = 0.25      //Pre-fault power(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+X_T = x+x_T+(x_L/2)                 //Transfer reactance at pre-fault state(p.u)
+P_m = E**2/X_T                      //Amplitude of power angle curve at pre-fault state(p.u)
+X_T1 = 1.45                         //Transfer reactance b/w finite generator & infinite bus at faulty state(p.u).Refer texbook problem for figure
+P_m1 = E**2/X_T1                    //Amplitude of power angle curve at faulty state(p.u)
+r1 = X_T/X_T1
+delta_0 = asin(P_i/P_m)        //Radians
+delta_1 = asin(P_i/(r1*P_m))   //Radians
+delta_m = %pi - delta_1         //Radians
+
+function ans = integrand1(delta)
+    ans = r1*P_m*sin(delta)
+endfunction
+a = intg(delta_0, delta_1,integrand1)
+
+A_acc = P_i*(delta_1-delta_0) - a 
+
+function ans = integrand2(delta)
+    ans = r1*P_m*sin(delta)
+endfunction    
+
+b = intg( delta_1, delta_m,integrand2)
+A_dec = b - P_i*(delta_m-delta_1)
+limit = 0.5648                      //Obtained by iterations.Refer textbook.Here assigned directly.
+
+
+// Result Section
+if(A_acc < A_dec) then
+    printf('System is Stable')
+    stability = A_dec/A_acc
+    printf('Margin of stability = %.2f' ,stability)
+else
+    printf('System is not stable')
+end    
+printf('Transient stability limit = %.4f p.u' ,limit)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : angle delta_0 = 7.9° = 0.13788 radian not 0.014 radian as in textbook')
diff --git a/3035/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce b/3035/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..13c6d68ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH15/EX15.4/Ex15_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+
+
+// Variable Declaration
+x = 0.25        //Transient reactance(p.u)
+E = 1.0         //e.m.f of finite generator behind transient reactance(p.u)
+x_T = 0.1       //Reactance of transformer(p.u)
+x_L = 0.4       //Reactance of one line(p.u)
+P_i = 0.7       //Pre-fault power(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+X_T = x+x_T+(x_L/2)                 //Transfer reactance at pre-fault state(p.u)
+P_m = E**2/X_T                      //Amplitude of power angle curve at pre-fault state(p.u)
+X_T1 = 1.45                         //Transfer reactance b/w finite generator & infinite bus at faulty state(p.u).Refer texbook problem for figure
+P_m1 = E**2/X_T1                    //Amplitude of power angle curve at faulty state(p.u)
+r1 = X_T/X_T1
+X_T2 = x+x_T+x_L                    //Transfer reactance for post fault state(p.u)
+r2 = X_T/X_T2
+P_m2 = r2*P_m
+delta_0 = asin(P_i/P_m)        //Radians
+delta_1 = asin(P_i/(r2*P_m))   //Radians
+delta_m = %pi - delta_1         //Radians
+delta_c = 0.7                       //Specified value(radians)
+
+function ans = integrand1(delta)
+    ans = r1*P_m*sin(delta)
+endfunction    
+a = intg(delta_0, delta_c,integrand1)
+
+A_acc = P_i*(delta_c-delta_0) - a 
+
+function ans = integrand2(delta)
+    ans = r2*P_m*sin(delta)
+endfunction
+    
+b = intg(delta_c, delta_m,integrand2)
+A_dec = b - P_i*(delta_m-delta_c)
+cos_delta_cr = ((delta_m-delta_0)*sin(delta_0)-r1*cos(delta_0)+r2*cos(delta_m))/(r2-r1)
+delta_cr = acos(cos_delta_cr)*180/%pi
+
+// Result Section
+if(A_acc < A_dec) then
+    printf('System is Stable')
+    stability = A_dec/A_acc
+    printf('Margin of stability , K = %.2f' ,stability)
+else
+    printf('System is not stable')
+end    
+printf('Critical clearing angle for a certain pre-fault power = %.2f°' ,delta_cr)
+printf('Critical clearing time will be known from circuit-breaker specifications')
diff --git a/3035/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce b/3035/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..32e42b94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH15/EX15.5/Ex15_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+P_i = 0.75      //Pre-fault power(p.u)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+H = 6.0         //Value of H for finite machine(sec)
+x_G = 0.2       //Reactance of machine(p.u)
+x_T = 0.1       //Reactance of transformer(p.u)
+x_L = 0.4       //Reactance of line(p.u)
+V = 1.0         //Voltage of infinite bus(p.u)
+E = 1.0         //e.m.f of finite generator behind transient reactance(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+X_T = x_G+x_T+(x_L)                           //Transfer reactance at pre-fault state(p.u)
+P_m = E**2/X_T                                //Amplitude of power angle curve at pre-fault state(p.u)
+delta_0 = asin(P_i/P_m)                  //Radians
+delta_0a = delta_0*180/%pi
+delta_cr = acos((%pi-2*delta_0)*sin(delta_0)-cos(delta_0))
+delta_cra = delta_cr*180/%pi
+t_cr = ((delta_cra-delta_0a)*2*H/(180*f*P_i))**0.5
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Critical clearing angle for circuit breaker at bus 1 = %.2f°' ,delta_cra)
+printf('Time for circuit breaker at bus 1 ,t_cr = %.3f sec' ,t_cr)
diff --git a/3035/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3035/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c522c7065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+MVA_base = 10.0  //Three-phase base MVA
+kV_base = 13.8   //Line-line base kV
+P = 7.0          //Power delivered(MW)
+PF = 0.8         //Power factor lagging
+Z = 5.7          //Impedance(ohm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+I_base = (MVA_base) * (10**3)/((3**(0.5)) * kV_base)   //Base current(A)
+I_actual = P * (10**3)/((3**(0.5)) * kV_base*PF)       //Actual current delivered by machine(A)
+I_pu = I_actual/I_base                                 //p.u current(p.u)
+Z_pu = Z * (MVA_base/( (kV_base)**2 ))                 //p.u impedance(p.u)
+P_act_pu = P/MVA_base                                  //p.u active power(p.u)
+x = acos(PF)
+y = sin(x)
+P_react = (P * y)/PF                                   //Actual reactive power(MVAR)
+P_react_pu = P_react/MVA_base                          //Actual p.u reactive power(p.u)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('p.u current = %.3f p.u' ,I_pu)
+printf('p.u impedance = %.1f p.u' ,Z_pu)
+printf('p.u active power = %.1f p.u' ,P_act_pu)
+printf('p.u reactive power = %.3f p.u' ,P_react_pu)
diff --git a/3035/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3035/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d6f77b67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+MVA_base = 5.0   //Base MVA on both sides
+hv_base = 11.0   //Line to line base voltages in kV on h.v side
+lv_base = 0.4    //Line to line base voltages in kV on l.v side
+Z = 5.0/100      //Impedance of 5%
+
+// Calculation Section
+Z_base_hv = (hv_base)**2/MVA_base    //Base impedance on h.v side(ohm)
+Z_base_lv = (lv_base)**2/MVA_base    //Base impedance on l.v side(ohm)
+Z_act_hv = Z * Z_base_hv             //Actual impedance viewed from h.v side(ohm)
+Z_act_lv = Z * Z_base_lv             //Actual impedance viewed from l.v side(ohm)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Base impedance on h.v side = %.1f ohm' ,Z_base_hv)
+printf('Base impedance on l.v side = %.3f ohm' ,Z_base_lv)
+printf('Actual impedance viewed from h.v side = %.2f ohm' ,Z_act_hv)
+printf('Actual impedance viewed from l.v side = %.4f ohm' ,Z_act_lv)
diff --git a/3035/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3035/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..639c14101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+P = 5.0             //Power(MW)
+pf = 0.8            //lagging power factor
+d = 15.0            //Distance of line(km)
+J = 4.0             //Current density(amp per mm^2)
+r = 1.78*10**(-8)   //Resistivity(ohm-m)
+kV_1 = 11.0         //Permissible voltage level(kV)
+kV_2 = 22.0         //Permissible voltage level(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+I_1 = (P*10**3)/((3)**(0.5) * (kV_1) * pf)   //Load current(A)
+area_1 = I_1/J                               //Cross-sectional area of the phase conductor(mm^2)
+volume_1 = 3 * (area_1/10**6) * (d*10**3)    //Volume of conductors material(m^3)
+R_1 = r * (d*10**3)/(area_1 * (10**-6))      //Resistance per phase(ohm)
+PL_1 = 3 * (I_1**2) * (R_1*10**(-3))         //Power loss(kW)
+
+I_2 = (P*10**3)/((3)**(0.5) * (kV_2) * pf)   //Load current(A)
+area_2 = I_2/J                               //Cross-sectional area of the phase conductor(mm^2)
+volume_2 = 3 * (area_2/10**6) * (d*10**3)    //Volume of conductors material(m^3)
+R_2 = r * (d*10**3)/(area_2 * (10**-6))      //Resistance per phase(ohm)
+PL_2 = 3 * (I_2**2) * (R_2*10**(-3))         //Power loss(kW)
+area_ch = (area_1-area_2)/area_1*100         //Change in area of 22kV level from 11 kV level(%)
+vol_ch = (volume_1-volume_2)/volume_1*100    //Change in volume of 22kV level from 11 kV level(%)
+loss_ch = (PL_1-PL_2)/PL_1*100               //Change in losses of 22kV level from 11 kV level(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('For 11 kV level :')
+printf('Cross-sectional area of the phase conductor = %d mm^2' ,area_1)
+printf('Volume of conductors material = %.2f m^3' ,volume_1)
+printf('Power loss = %.2f kW' ,PL_1)
+printf('\nFor 22 kV level :')
+printf('Cross-sectional area of the phase conductor = %d mm^2' ,area_2)
+printf('Volume of conductors material = %.2f m^3' ,volume_2)
+printf('Power loss = %.2f kW' ,PL_2)
+printf('\nConductor size has decreased by %.f percent in 22 kV level' ,area_ch)
+printf('Conductor volume has decreased by %.f percent in 22 kV level' ,vol_ch)
+printf('Conductor losses has decreased by %.f percent in 22 kV level' ,loss_ch)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e36dc8d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+l = 10.0       //Length of 1-phase line(km)
+d = 100.0      //Spacing b/w conductors(cm)
+r = 0.3        //Radius(cm)
+u_r_1 = 1.0    //Relative permeability of copper
+u_r_2 = 100.0  //Relative permeability of steel
+
+// Calculation Section
+r_1 = 0.7788*r                                  //Radius of hypothetical conductor(cm)
+L_1 = 4 * 10**(-7) * log(d/r_1)            //Loop inductance(H/m)
+L_T1 = L_1 * l * 10**6                          //Total loop inductance(mH)
+
+L_2 = 4 * 10**(-7) * (log(d/r) + (u_r_2/4))//Loop inductance(H/m)
+L_T2 = L_2 * l * 10**6                          //Total loop inductance(mH)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('(i) Total loop inductance of copper conductor = %.2f mH' ,L_T1)
+printf('(ii)Total loop inductance of steel conductor = %.2f mH' ,L_T2)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7643bd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.10/Ex4_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+
+// calculation of GMD , Dm
+// Dab = (da1b1 * da1b2 * da2b1 * da2b2)*(1/4) = (gkkg)^(1/2) = sqrt(gk)
+// Inductance/phase  = 2 * 10^-7 log ( Dm / Ds)
+
+printf("Inductance/phase = 2 * 10^-7 / 3 * log(g^2*k^2*h*d/(r^3*f^2*m)) H/m")
+
+// Capacitance/phase = 2*%pi*%e/( log(Dm/Ds))
+
+disp("Capacitance/phase = 6*%pi*%e / (log(g^2*k^2*h*d/(r^3*f^2*m))) F/m")
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..389ae6129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.11/Ex4_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+h = 5        //Height of conductor above ground(m)
+d = 1.5      //Conductor spacing(m)
+r = 0.006    //Radius of conductor(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+C_AB = %pi * 8.854*10**-9/log(d/(r*(1+((d*d)/(4*h*h)))**0.5))  //Capacitance with effect of earth(F/km)
+C_AB1 = %pi * 8.854*10**-9/log(d/r)                            //Capacitance ignoring effect of earth(F/km)
+ch = (C_AB - C_AB1)/C_AB * 100                                          //Change in capacitance with effect of earth(%)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Line capacitance with effect of earth , C_AB = %.3e F/km' ,C_AB)
+printf('Line capacitance ignoring effect of earth , C_AB = %.3e F/km' ,C_AB1)
+printf('With effect of earth slight increase in capacitance = %.1f percent' ,ch)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..960dd8d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.12/Ex4_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+R = 0.16             //Resistance(ohm)
+L = 1.26*10**(-3)    //Inductance(H)
+C = 8.77*10**(-9)    //Capacitance(F)
+l = 200.0            //Length of line(km)
+P = 50.0             //Power(MVA)
+pf = 0.8             //Lagging power factor
+V_r = 132000.0       //Receiving end voltage(V)
+f = 50.0             //Frequency(Hz)
+
+// Calculation Section
+w = 2 * %pi * f
+z = complex(R, w*L)        //Series impedance per phase per km(ohm)
+y = complex(0, w*C)        //Shunt admittance per phase per km(mho)
+
+g = (y*z)**(0.5)           //propagation constant(/km)
+gl = g * l
+Z_c = (z/y)**(0.5)         //Surge impedance(ohm)
+
+cosh_gl = cosh(gl)
+sinh_gl = sinh(gl)
+
+A = cosh_gl
+B = Z_c * sinh_gl
+C = (sinh_gl/Z_c)
+D = cosh_gl
+
+fi = acos(pf)                                           //Power factor angle(radians)
+V_R = V_r/(3**0.5)                                           //Receiving end voltage(V)
+I_R = (P*10**6/((3**0.5)*V_r))*(pf - complex(0,sin(fi)))//Receiving end current(A)
+V_S = (A*V_R + B*I_R)                                        //Sending end voltage(V/phase)
+V_S_L = V_S * (3**0.5)*10**-3                                //Sending end line voltage(kV)
+I_S = C*V_R + D*I_R                                          //Sending end current(A)
+pf_S = cos((phasemag(I_S)*%pi/180) - (phasemag(V_S)*%pi/180))         //Sending end power factor
+P_S = abs(V_S*I_S)*pf_S*10**-6                               //Sending end power/phase(MW)
+P_R = (P/3)*pf                                               //Receiving end power/phase(MW)
+P_L = 3*(P_S - P_R)                                          //Total line loss(MW)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Sending end voltage , V_S = %.2f∠%.2f° kV/phase' ,abs(V_S*10**-3),phasemag(V_S))
+printf('Sending end line voltage = %.2f kV' ,abs(V_S_L))
+printf('Sending end current , I_S = %.2f∠%.2f° A' ,abs(I_S),phasemag(I_S))
+printf('Sending end power factor = %.2f lagging' ,pf_S)
+printf('Total transmission line loss = %.3f MW' ,P_L)
+printf('NOTE : Answers are slightly different because of rounding error.')
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd5a300c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+R = 0.1      //Resistance/phase/km(ohm)
+D_m = 800.0  //Spacing b/w conductors(cm)
+d = 1.5      //Diameter of each conductor(cm)
+l = 300.0    //Length of transmission line(km)
+f = 50.0     //Frequency(Hz)
+
+// Calculation Section
+L = 2*10**(-4)*log(D_m*2/d)                //Inductance/phase/km(H)
+C = 2*%pi*8.854*10**(-9)/log(D_m*2/d)  //Capacitance/phase/km(F)
+w = 2 * %pi * f
+z = complex(R, w*L)                             //Series impedance per phase per km(ohm/km)
+y = complex(0, w*C)                             //Shunt admittance per phase per km(mho/km)
+g = (y*z)**(0.5)                                //propagation constant(/km)
+gl = g * l
+Z_c = (z/y)**(0.5)                              //Surge impedance(ohm)
+sinh_gl = sinh(gl)
+tanh_gl = tanh(gl/2)
+Z_S = Z_c * sinh_gl                             //Series impedance(ohm)
+Y_P = (1/Z_c)*tanh(gl/2)                  //Pillar admittance(mho)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Values of equivalent-pi network are :')
+printf('Series impedance , Z_S = (%.2f + j%.2f) ohm' ,real(Z_S),imag(Z_S))
+printf('Pillar admittance , Y_P = %.2e∠%.2f° mho = j%.2e mho' ,abs(Y_P),phasemag(Y_P),imag(Y_P))
+printf('NOTE : Answers are slightly different because of rounding error.')
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7248a223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V_r = 220000.0   //Voltage(V)
+P = 100.0        //Power(MW)
+r = 0.08         //Series resistance(ohm)
+x = 0.8          //Series reactance(ohm)
+s = 6.0*10**(-6) //Shunt susceptance(mho)
+pf = 0.8         //Power factor lagging
+l_1 = 60.0       //Transmission length(km) for case(i)
+l_2 = 200.0      //Transmission length(km) for case(ii)
+l_3 = 300.0      //Transmission length(km) for case(iii)
+l_4 = 500.0      //Transmission length(km) for case(iv)
+
+// Calculation Section
+z = complex(r,x)                                                   //Series impedance/km(ohm)
+y = complex(0,s)                                                   //Shunt admittance/km(mho)
+theta_R = acos(pf)
+P_R = P/3                                                          //Active power at receiving end/phase(MW)
+Q_R = (P/3)*tan(theta_R)                                      //Reactive power at receiving end/phase(MVAR)
+V_R = V_r/(3**0.5)                                                 //Receiving end voltage/phase(V)
+I_R = P*10**6/((3**0.5)*V_r*pf)*(pf - complex(0,sin(theta_R)))//Receiving end current(A)
+Z_c = (z/y)**(0.5)                                                 //Surge impedance(ohm)
+
+A_1 = 1                                                 //Constant A
+B_1 = z*l_1                                             //Constant B(ohm)
+C_1 = 0                                                 //Constant C(mho)
+D_1 = A_1                                               //Constant D
+V_S_1 = A_1*V_R + B_1*I_R                               //Sending end voltage(V/phase)
+I_S_1 = I_R                                             //Sending end current(A)
+theta_S_1 = (phasemag(I_S_1)*%pi/180) - (phasemag(V_S_1)*%pi/180)     //Sending end power factor
+P_S_1 = abs(V_S_1*I_S_1)*cos(theta_S_1)*10**-6     //Sending end power(MW)
+n_1 = (P_R/P_S_1)*100                                   //Transmission efficiency(%)
+reg_1 = (abs(V_S_1/A_1) - V_R)/V_R*100                  //Regulation(%)
+Q_S_1 = V_S_1 * conj(I_S_1)*10**-6                //Sending end reactive power(MVAR)
+Q_line_1 = imag(Q_S_1) - Q_R                             //Reactive power absorbed by line(MVAR)
+
+Z_S_2 = z*l_2
+Y_P_2 = y*l_2/2
+A_2 = 1 + Y_P_2*Z_S_2
+B_2 = Z_S_2
+C_2 = Y_P_2*(2 + Y_P_2*Z_S_2)
+D_2 = A_2
+V_S_2 = A_2*V_R + B_2*I_R              //Sending end voltage(V/phase) 
+I_S_2 = C_2*V_R + D_2*I_R              //Sending end current(A)
+S_S_2 = V_S_2*conj(I_S_2)*10**-6 //Sending end complex power(MVA)
+P_S_2 = real(S_S_2)                     //Power at sending end(MW)
+n_2 = (P_R/P_S_2)*100                  //Transmission efficiency(%)
+reg_2 = (abs(V_S_2/A_2) - V_R)/V_R*100 //Regulation(%)
+Q_line_2 = imag(S_S_2) - Q_R            //Reactive power absorbed by line(MVAR)
+
+g_3 = (y*z)**(0.5)                     //propagation constant(/km)
+gl_3 = g_3 * l_3
+cosh_gl_3 = cosh(gl_3)
+sinh_gl_3 = sinh(gl_3)
+A_3 = cosh_gl_3
+B_3 = Z_c * sinh_gl_3
+C_3 = sinh_gl_3/Z_c
+D_3 = cosh_gl_3
+V_S_3 = A_3*V_R + B_3*I_R              //Sending end voltage(V/phase) 
+I_S_3 = C_3*V_R + D_3*I_R              //Sending end current(A)
+S_S_3 = V_S_3*conj(I_S_3)*10**-6 //Sending end complex power(MVA)
+P_S_3 = real(S_S_3)                     //Power at sending end(MW)
+n_3 = (P_R/P_S_3)*100                  //Transmission efficiency(%)
+reg_3 = (abs(V_S_3/A_3) - V_R)/V_R*100 //Regulation(%)
+Q_line_3 = imag(S_S_3) - Q_R            //Reactive power absorbed by line(MVAR)
+
+g_4 = (y*z)**(0.5)                     //propagation constant(/km)
+gl_4 = g_4 * l_4
+cosh_gl_4 = cosh(gl_4)
+sinh_gl_4 = sinh(gl_4)
+A_4 = cosh_gl_4
+B_4 = Z_c * sinh_gl_4
+C_4 = sinh_gl_4/Z_c
+D_4 = cosh_gl_4
+V_S_4 = A_4*V_R + B_4*I_R              //Sending end voltage(V/phase) 
+I_S_4 = C_4*V_R + D_4*I_R              //Sending end current(A)
+S_S_4 = V_S_4*conj(I_S_4)*10**-6 //Sending end complex power(MVA)
+P_S_4 = real(S_S_4)                     //Power at sending end(MW)
+n_4 = (P_R/P_S_4)*100                  //Transmission efficiency(%)
+reg_4 = (abs(V_S_4/A_4) - V_R)/V_R*100 //Regulation(%)
+Q_line_4 = imag(S_S_4) - Q_R            //Reactive power absorbed by line(MVAR)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) : For Length = 60 km')
+printf('Efficiency , n = %.2f percent' ,n_1)
+printf('Regulation = %.3f percent' ,reg_1)
+printf('Reactive power at sending end , Q_S = %.2f MVAR' ,imag(Q_S_1))
+printf('Reactive power absorbed by line , Q_line = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_line_1)
+printf('\nCase(ii) : For Length = 200 km')
+printf('Efficiency , n = %.2f percent' ,n_2)
+printf('Regulation = %.2f percent' ,reg_2)
+printf('Reactive power at sending end , Q_S = %.2f MVAR' ,imag(S_S_2))
+printf('Reactive power absorbed by line , Q_line = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_line_2)
+printf('\nCase(iii) : For Length = 300 km')
+printf('Efficiency , n = %.2f percent' ,n_3)
+printf('Regulation = %.2f percent' ,reg_3)
+printf('Reactive power at sending end , Q_S = %.2f MVAR' ,imag(S_S_3))
+printf('Reactive power absorbed by line , Q_line = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_line_3)
+printf('\nCase(iv) : For Length = 500 km')
+printf('Efficiency , n = %.2f percent' ,n_4)
+printf('Regulation = %.2f percent' ,reg_4)
+printf('Reactive power at sending end , Q_S = %.2f MVAR' ,imag(S_S_4))
+printf('Reactive power absorbed by line , Q_line = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_line_4)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : Calculation mistake in case(iv) efficiency in textbook')
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8202bc733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+A = 0.8*exp(%i*1.4*%pi/180)     //Line constant
+B = 326.0*exp(%i*84.8*%pi/180)  //Line constant(ohm)
+V_R = 220.0                               //Receiving end voltage(kV)
+V_S = 220.0                               //Sending end voltage(kV)
+P = 75.0                                  //Power(MVA) for case(a)
+pf = 0.8                                  //Power factor lagging
+
+a = phasemag(A)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of A(radian)
+b = phasemag(B)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of B(radian)
+
+// Calculation Section
+P_R = P * pf                                                                        //Active power demanded by load(MW)
+P_React = P *(1-pf**2)**0.5                                                         //Reactive power demanded by load(MVAR)
+cos_b_delta_1 = P_R*abs(B)/(V_R*V_S) + abs(A)*cos(b-a)                         //cos(b-delta)[in radians]
+delta_1 = b - acos(cos_b_delta_1)                                              //delta(radians)
+Q_R_1 = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta_1) - (abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*sin(b-a) //Reactive power at sending end(MVAR)
+Reactive_power_1 = P_React - Q_R_1                                                  //Reactive power to be supplied by compensating equipment(MVAR)
+
+cos_b_delta_2 = (abs(A)*V_R/V_S)*cos(b-a)                                      //cos(b-delta)[in radians]
+delta_2 = b - acos(cos_b_delta_2)                                              //delta(radians)
+Q_R_2 = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta_2) - (abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*sin(b-a) //Reactive power at sending end(MVAR)
+Reactive_power_2 = Q_R_2                                                            //Reactive power to be absorbed by compensating equipment(MVAR)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('(a) Reactive VARs to be supplied by compensating equipment = %.2f MVAR' ,Reactive_power_1)
+printf('(b) Reactive VARs to be absorbed by compensating equipment = %.2f MVAR' ,Reactive_power_2)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..66cbdc538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 25.0       //Resistance/phase(ohm)
+x = 90.0       //Reactance/phase(ohm)
+V_S = 145.0    //Sending end voltage(kV)
+V_R = 132.0    //Receiving end voltage(kV)
+P_R_1 = 0      //Power(MW)
+P_R_2 = 50.0   //Power(MW)
+
+// Calculation Section
+A = 1.0*exp(%i*0*%pi/180)       //Line constant
+B = complex(r,x)                          //Line constant(ohm)
+a = phasemag(A)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of A(radian)
+b = phasemag(B)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of B(radian)
+
+cos_b_delta_1 = (V_R/V_S)*cos(b-a)
+delta_1 = b - acos(cos_b_delta_1)
+Q_R_1 = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta_1) - (abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*sin(b-a)
+
+cos_b_delta_2 = (P_R_2*abs(B)/(V_R*V_S))+(abs(A)*V_R/V_S)*cos(b-a)
+delta_2 = (b - acos(cos_b_delta_2))
+Q_R_2 = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta_2)-(abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*sin(b-a) //Reactive power available at receiving end(MVAR)
+Q_S_2 = Q_R_1 + Q_R_2                                                             //Reactive power to be supplied by equipment(MVAR)
+pf = cos(atan(Q_S_2/P_R_2))                                             //Power factor
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Rating of device = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_R_1)
+printf('Power factor = %.2f lagging' ,pf)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9adde50f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+A = 0.9*exp(%i*1.0*%pi/180)     //Line constant
+B = 143.0*exp(%i*84.5*%pi/180)  //Line constant(ohm)
+V_R = 220.0                               //Receiving end voltage(kV)
+V_S = 240.0                               //Sending end voltage(kV)
+P = 100.0                                 //Power(MVA)
+pf = 0.8                                  //Power factor lagging
+
+a = phasemag(A)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of A(radian)
+b = phasemag(B)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of B(radian)
+
+// Calculation Section
+P_R = P * pf                                                                    //Active power at receiving end(MW)
+cos_b_delta = (P_R*abs(B)/(V_R*V_S))+(abs(A)*V_R/V_S)*cos(b-a)             //cos(b-delta)[in radians]
+delta_1 = (b - acos(cos_b_delta))
+Q_R = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta_1)-(abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*sin(b-a) //Reactive power at receiving end(MVAR)
+P_Re = P *(1-pf**2)**0.5                                                        //Reactive power(MVAR)
+rating = P_Re - Q_R                                                             //Rating of phase modifier(MVAR)
+
+delta_2 = b                                                                     //Maximum power is received when delta = b
+P_Rmax = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))-(abs(A)*V_R**2/abs(B))*cos(b-a)                  //Maximum power at receiving end(MW)
+Q_R = -(abs(A/B)*V_R**2)*sin(b-a)                                          //Reactive power at receive end(MVAR)
+P_S = (V_S**2*abs(A/B))*cos(b-a)-(V_S*V_R/abs(B))*cos(b+delta_2)      //Sending end power(MW)
+n_line = (P_Rmax/P_S)*100                                                       //Line efficiency(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(a) :')
+printf('Rating of phase modifier = %.3f MVAR' ,rating)
+printf('Power angle , delta = %.2f°' ,(delta_1*180/%pi))
+printf('\nCase(b) :')
+printf('Maximum power at receive end , P_Rmax = %.2f MW' ,P_Rmax)
+printf('Reactive power available , Q_R = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_R)
+printf('Line efficiency = %.2f percent' ,n_line)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41853d6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+A = 0.96*exp(%i*1.0*%pi/180)    //Line constant
+B = 100.0*exp(%i*83.0*%pi/180)  //Line constant(ohm)
+V_R = 110.0                               //Receiving end voltage(kV)
+V_S = 110.0                               //Sending end voltage(kV)
+pf = 0.8                                  //Power factor lagging
+delta = 15*%pi/180                    //Power angle(radians)
+
+// Calculation Section
+a = phasemag(A)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of A(radian)
+b = phasemag(B)*%pi/180                        //Phase angle of B(radian)
+
+P_R = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*cos(b-delta) - (abs(A/B)*V_R**2)*cos(b-a) //Active power at receiving end(MW)
+Q_RL = P_R*tan(acos(pf))                                         //Reactive power demanded by load(MVAR)
+
+Q_R = (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b-delta) - (abs(A/B)*V_R**2)*sin(b-a) //Reactive power(MVAR)
+rating = Q_RL - Q_R                                                        //Rating of device(MVAR)
+
+P_S = (V_S**2*abs(A/B))*cos(b-a) - (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*cos(b+delta) //Sending end active power(MW)
+n_line = (P_R/P_S)*100                                                     //Efficiency of line(%)
+
+Q_S = (V_S**2*abs(A/B))*sin(b-a) - (V_R*V_S/abs(B))*sin(b+delta) //Sending end reactive power(MVAR)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('(i)  Active power demanded by load , P_R = %.2f MW' ,P_R)
+printf('     Reactive power demanded by load , Q_RL = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_RL)
+printf('(ii) Rating of the device , Q_R = %.2f MVAR' ,rating)
+printf('(iii)Efficiency of line = %.2f percent' ,n_line)
+printf('(iv) Reactive power supplied by source and line , Q_S = %.2f MVAR' ,Q_S)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15eee1f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 0.4    //Radius of conductor(cm)
+h = 1000   //Height of line(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+d = 2*h                                              //Spacing between conductors(cm)
+L = 2 * 10**(-4) * log(2*h/(0.7788*r)) * 1000   //Inductance of conductor(mH/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Inductance of the conductor = %.3f mH/km' ,L)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6634e89ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+d_ab = 4    //Distance b/w conductor a & b(m)
+d_bc = 9    //Distance b/w conductor b & c(m)
+d_ca = 6    //Distance b/w conductor c & a(m)
+r = 1.0     //Radius of each conductor(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+D_m = (d_ab * d_bc * d_ca)**(1.0/3)             //Geometric mean separation(m)
+r_1 = 0.7788 * (r/100)                          //Radius of hypothetical conductor(m)
+L = 2 * 10**(-7) * log(D_m/r_1) * 10**6    //Line inductance(mH/phase/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Line inductance , L = %.2f mH/phase/km' ,L)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c7117749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 1.0       //Radius of each conductor(cm)
+d_11 = 30     //Distance b/w conductor 1 & 1'(cm)
+d_22 = 30     //Distance b/w conductor 2 & 2'(cm)
+d_12 = 130    //Distance b/w conductor 1 & 2(cm)
+d_122 = 160   //Distance b/w conductor 1 & 2'(cm)
+d_112 = 100   //Distance b/w conductor 1' & 2(cm)
+d_1122 = 130  //Distance b/w conductor 1' & 2'(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+r_1 = 0.7788 * r                               //Radius of hypothetical conductor(cm)
+D_s = (d_11 * r_1 * d_22 * r_1)**(1.0/4)       //Geometric mean radius(cm)
+D_m = (d_12 * d_122 * d_112 * d_1122)**(1.0/4) //Geometric mean separation(cm)
+L = 4 * 10**(-7) * log(D_m/D_s) * 10**6   //Loop inductance(mH/km)
+
+R = 2**0.5                                     //Radius of single conductor(cm)
+d = 130.0                                      //Conductor position(cm)
+L_1 = 4*10**(-7)*log(d/(0.7788*R))*10**6  //Loop inductance(mH/km)
+L_diff = (L_1 - L)/L*100                       //Change in inductance(%)
+r_diff = D_s - R                               //Effective radius difference
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Loop inductance , L = %.3f mH/km' ,L)
+printf('Loop inductance having two conductors only , L = %.3f mH/km'  ,L_1)
+printf('There is an Increase of %.f percent in inductance value ' ,L_diff)
+printf('Effective radius of bundled conductors is about %.1f times that of unbundled system reducing field stress almost by that ratio' ,r_diff)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ca1a121e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 1.5        //Radius of each conductor(cm)
+D_a1a2 = 0.3   //Distance b/w conductor a1 & a2(m)
+D_a2a1 = 0.3   //Distance b/w conductor a2 & a1(m)
+D_a1b1 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & b1(m)
+D_a1b2 = 15.6  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & b2(m)
+D_a2b1 = 15.0  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & b1(m)
+D_a2b2 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & b2(m)
+D_b1c1 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor b1 & c1(m)
+D_b1c2 = 15.6  //Distance b/w conductor b1 & c2(m)
+D_b2c1 = 15.0  //Distance b/w conductor b2 & c1(m)
+D_b2c2 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor b2 & c2(m)
+D_a1c1 = 30.6  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & c1(m)
+D_a1c2 = 30.9  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & c2(m)
+D_a2c1 = 30.3  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & c1(m)
+D_a2c2 = 30.6  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & c2(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+r_1 = 0.7788 * (r/100)                              //Radius of hypothetical conductor(m)
+D_s = (D_a1a2 * r_1 * D_a2a1 * r_1)**(1.0/4)        //Geometric mean radius(m)
+D_ab = (D_a1b1 * D_a1b2 * D_a2b1 * D_a2b2)**(1.0/4) //Mutual GMD b/w conductor a & b(m)
+D_bc = (D_b1c1 * D_b1c2 * D_b2c1 * D_b2c2)**(1.0/4) //Mutual GMD b/w conductor b & c(m)
+D_ca = (D_a1c1 * D_a1c2 * D_a2c1 * D_a2c2)**(1.0/4) //Mutual GMD b/w conductor c & a(m)
+D_m = (D_ab * D_bc * D_ca)**(1.0/3)                 //Geometric mean separation(m)
+L = 2 * 10**(-4) * log(D_m/D_s) * 1000         //Inductance(mH/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Inductance/phase/km = %.3f mH/km' ,L)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..672f32d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+// part - I
+// Dsa = GMR of phase a in section - I
+// (r'Da1a2)(Da1a2r')^(1/4) = sqrt(r'Da1a2)
+// Da1a2 = sqrt(D^2 +  4d^2)
+printf(" Dsa = sqrt(r * sqrt(D^2 + 4*d^2))")
+
+// Dsb = GMR of phase b in section - II
+// Dsb = sqrt(r * Db1b2)
+// Db1b2 = D
+
+printf(" Dsb = sqrt(rD) ")
+
+// Dsc = GMR of phase c in section - I
+//  = sqrt(r'Dc1c2)
+// Dc1c2 = sqrt(D^2 + rd^2)
+printf(" Dsc = sqrt(r * sqrt(D^2 + 4*d^2))")
+
+// part - II
+// Dab = Mutual GMD between phase a and b in section I of the trasportation cycle.
+
+printf(" Dab = sqrt(d * sqrt(d^2 + D^2))")
+printf(" Dbc = sqrt(d * sqrt(d^2 + D^2))")
+printf(" Dca = sqrt(2d * D)")
+
+// part - III
+// GMD for fictitious equilateral spacing
+
+printf ( " Ds = (r)^(1/2) * (D^2 * 4d^2)^(1/6)*D^(1/6)")
+// so the inductance per phase is,
+
+printf(" L = 2 * 10^-4 * log((2^(1/6)*(D^2+d^2)^(1/6) * d^(1/2))/(r^(1/2) * (D^2 + 4d^2)^(1/6))) H/km" )
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e442e8c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 0.6       //Radius of each conductor(cm)
+d = 150       //Separation distance(cm)
+L = 40*10**3  //Length of overhead line(m)
+f = 50        //Frequency(Hertz)
+v = 50*10**3  //System voltage(V)
+
+// Calculation Section
+C_ab = (%pi * 8.854 * 10**(-12))/(log(d/r)) * L   //Capacitance b/w conductors(F)
+I = complex(0,v * 2 * %pi * f * C_ab)                  //Charging current leads voltage by 90°(A)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Capacitance between two conductors , C_ab = %.3e F' ,C_ab)
+printf('Charging current , I = j%.3f A' ,imag(I))
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c434fed23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 0.015      //Radius of each conductor(m)
+D_a1a2 = 0.3   //Distance b/w conductor a1 & a2(m)
+D_a2a1 = 0.3   //Distance b/w conductor a2 & a1(m)
+D_a1b1 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & b1(m)
+D_a1b2 = 15.6  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & b2(m)
+D_a2b1 = 15.0  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & b1(m)
+D_a2b2 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & b2(m)
+D_b1c1 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor b1 & c1(m)
+D_b1c2 = 15.6  //Distance b/w conductor b1 & c2(m)
+D_b2c1 = 15.0  //Distance b/w conductor b2 & c1(m)
+D_b2c2 = 15.3  //Distance b/w conductor b2 & c2(m)
+D_a1c1 = 30.6  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & c1(m)
+D_a1c2 = 30.9  //Distance b/w conductor a1 & c2(m)
+D_a2c1 = 30.3  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & c1(m)
+D_a2c2 = 30.6  //Distance b/w conductor a2 & c2(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+D_s = (D_a1a2 * r * D_a2a1 * r)**(1.0/4)                  //Geometric mean radius(m)
+D_ab = (D_a1b1 * D_a1b2 * D_a2b1 * D_a2b2)**(1.0/4)       //Mutual GMD b/w conductor a & b(m)
+D_bc = (D_b1c1 * D_b1c2 * D_b2c1 * D_b2c2)**(1.0/4)       //Mutual GMD b/w conductor b & c(m)
+D_ca = (D_a1c1 * D_a1c2 * D_a2c1 * D_a2c2)**(1.0/4)       //Mutual GMD b/w conductor c & a(m)
+D_m = (D_ab * D_bc * D_ca)**(1.0/3)                       //Geometric mean separation(m)
+C_n = 2 * %pi * 8.854 * 10**(-9) /(log(D_m/D_s)) //Capacitance per phase(F/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Capacitance per phase , C_n = %.3e F/km' ,C_n)
diff --git a/3035/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3035/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..368774e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+r = 0.015    //Radius of each conductor(m)
+D_ab = 15    //Horizontal distance b/w conductor a & b(m)
+D_bc = 15    //Horizontal distance b/w conductor b & c(m)
+D_ac = 30    //Horizontal distance b/w conductor a & c(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+D_m = (D_ab * D_bc * D_ac)**(1.0/3)                       //Geometric mean separation(m)
+D_s = 2**(1.0/2) * r                                      //Geometric mean radius(m)
+C_n = 2 * %pi * 8.854 * 10**(-9) /(log(D_m/D_s)) //Capacitance/phase/km(F/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Capacitance per phase , C_n = %.3e F/km' ,C_n)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31d14b558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+L = 250.0           //Span(m)
+d = 1.1*10**-2      //Conductor diameter(m)
+w = 0.650*9.81      //Conductor weight(N/m)
+bl = 7000.0         //Breaking load(kg)
+sf = 2              //Safety factor
+P_w_2 = 350.0       //Wind pressure(N/m^2) for case(ii)
+P_w_3 = 400.0       //Wind pressure(N/m^2) for case(iii)
+t_3 = 10.0**-2      //Thickness of ice covering(m) for case(iii)
+w_ice = 915.0       //Ice weight(kg/m^3)
+
+// Calculation Section
+T_0 = (bl/sf)*9.81   //Allowable tension(N)
+
+S_1 = (T_0/w)*(cosh(w*L/(2*T_0))-1)          //Sag(m)
+S_1_1 = (w*L**2)/(8*T_0)                          //Sag using parabolic equation(m)
+
+F_w_2 = P_w_2 * d                                 //Wind force(N/m)
+w_t_2 = (w**2 + F_w_2**2)**0.5                    //Total force on conductor(N/m)
+S_2 = (T_0/w_t_2)*(cosh(w_t_2*L/(2*T_0))-1)  //Sag(m)
+S_2_2 = w_t_2*L**2/(8*T_0)                        //Sag using parabolic equation(m)
+alpha_2 = atan(F_w_2/w)                      //w_t inclined vertical angle(radians)
+S_v_2 = S_2 * cos(alpha_2)                   //Vertical component of sag(m)
+
+D_3 = d + 2*t_3                                   //Diameter of conductor with ice(m)
+F_w_3 = P_w_3 * D_3                               //Wind force(N/m)
+w_ice_3 = (%pi/4)*(D_3**2 - d**2)*w_ice*9.81  //Weight of ice(N/m)
+w_t_3 = ((w+w_ice_3)**2 + F_w_3**2)**0.5          //Total force on conductor(N/m)
+S_3 = (T_0/w_t_3)*(cosh(w_t_3*L/(2*T_0))-1)  //Sag(m)
+S_3_3 = w_t_3*L**2/(8*T_0)                        //Sag using parabolic equation(m)
+alpha_3 = atan(F_w_3/(w+w_ice_3))            //w_t inclined vertical angle(radians)
+S_v_3 = S_3 * cos(alpha_3)                   //Vertical component of sag(m)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) :')
+printf('Sag using catenary equation = %.4f m ' ,S_1)
+printf('Sag using parabolic equation = %.4f m \n' ,S_1_1)
+printf('Case(ii) :')
+printf('Sag using catenary equation = %.4f m ' ,S_2)
+printf('Sag using parabolic equation = %.4f m ' ,S_2_2)
+printf('Vertical component of sag = %.2f m \n' ,S_v_2)
+printf('Case(iii) :')
+printf('Sag using catenary equation = %.4f m ' ,S_3)
+printf('Sag using parabolic equation = %.4f m ' ,S_3_3)
+printf('Vertical component of sag = %.3f m \n' ,S_v_3)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..083c13617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+v = 220.0    //Voltage(kV)
+f = 50.0     //Frequency(Hertz)
+p = 752.0    //Pressure(mm of Hg)
+t = 40.0     //Temperature(°C)
+m = 0.92     //Surface irregularity factor
+r = 1.2      //Conductor radius(cm)
+d = 550.0    //Spacing(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+delta = (0.392*p)/(273+t)           //Air density correction factor
+V_c = 21.1*delta*m*r*log(d/r)  //Corona inception voltage(kv/phase)rms
+V_c_l = 3**0.5*V_c                  //Line-line corona inception voltage(kV)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Corona inception voltage , V_c = %.2f kV/phase' ,V_c)
+printf('Line-to-line corona inception voltage = %.2f kV' ,V_c_l)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3aa90179a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+v = 220.0    //Voltage(kV)
+f = 50.0     //Frequency(Hertz)
+v_o = 1.6    //Over voltage(p.u)
+p = 752.0    //Pressure(mm of Hg)
+t = 40.0     //Temperature(°C)
+m = 0.92     //Surface irregularity factor
+r = 1.2      //Conductor radius(cm)
+d = 550.0    //Spacing(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+delta = (0.392*p)/(273+t)                                    //Air density correction factor
+V_c = 21.1*delta*m*r*log(d/r)                           //Corona inception voltage(kv/phase)rms
+V_ph = (v * v_o)/3**0.5                                      //Phase voltage(kV)
+peek = 3*(241/delta)*(f+25)*(r/d)**0.5*(V_ph-V_c)**2*10**-5  //Peek's formula(kW/km)
+ratio = V_ph/V_c
+F = 0.9                                                      //Ratio of V_ph to V_c
+peterson = 3*2.1*f*F*(V_c/log10(d/r))**2*10**-5         //Peterson's formula(kW/km)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Corona loss using Peeks formula , P = %.2f kW/km' ,peek)
+printf('Corona loss using Petersons formula , P = %.2f kW/km' ,peterson)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d199a5b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+w = 0.85             //Weight of overhead line(kg/m)
+T_0 = 3.5*10**4      //Maximum allowable tension(N)
+L_1 = 160.0          //Span(m) for case(i)
+L_2 = 200.0          //Span(m) for case(ii)
+L_3 = 250.0          //Span(m) for case(iii)
+L_4 = 275.0          //Span(m) for case(iv)
+g_c = 7.1            //Minimum ground clearance(m)
+L_S = 1.5            //Length of suspension insulator string
+
+// Calculation Section
+w1 = w * 9.81            //Weight(N/m)
+
+S_1 = w1*L_1**2/(8*T_0)  //Sag(m)
+H_1 = g_c + S_1 + L_S    //Height of lowest cross-arm(m)
+
+S_2 = w1*L_2**2/(8*T_0)  //Sag(m)
+H_2 = g_c + S_2 + L_S    //Height of lowest cross-arm(m)
+
+S_3 = w1*L_3**2/(8*T_0)  //Sag(m)
+H_3 = g_c + S_3 + L_S    //Height of lowest cross-arm(m)
+
+S_4 = w1*L_4**2/(8*T_0)  //Sag(m)
+H_4 = g_c + S_4 + L_S    //Height of lowest cross-arm(m)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Span in meters\t                          %d\t  %d\t  %d\t  %d' ,L_1,L_2,L_3,L_4)
+printf('Sag in meters\t                         %.3f\t %.3f\t %.3f\t %.3f' ,S_1,S_2,S_3,S_4)
+printf('Height of lowest cross-arm in meters\t %.3f\t %.3f\t %.3f\t %.3f' ,H_1,H_2,H_3,H_4)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : For finding height of lowest cross arm the length of insulation string is not considered in textbook calculation')
+printf('although it is mentioned in formula. Since length of insulation string is taken here there is a difference in answers from that of given in textbook')
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ea0176a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+w = 0.63         //Weight of conductor(kg/m)
+T_0 = 1350.0     //Maximum allowable load(kg)
+h_1 = 20.0       //Height of first tower(m)
+h_2 = 15.0       //Height of second tower(m)
+L = 240.0        //Span(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+h = h_1 - h_2              //Difference in levels of towers(m)
+L_1 = (L/2)+(T_0*h/(w*L))  //Horizontal distance from higher support(m)
+L_2 = (L/2)-(T_0*h/(w*L))  //Horizontal distance from lower support(m)
+S_1 = w*L_1**2/(2*T_0)     //Sag from upper support(m)
+S_2 = w*L_2**2/(2*T_0)     //Sag from lower support(m)
+clearance = (h_1 - S_1)    //Minimum clearance(m)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Minimum clearance between a line conductor & water surface = %.3f m' ,clearance)
+printf('Sag from upper support = %.3f m' ,S_1)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..afb080eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+n = 3       //Number of discs
+m = 0.1     //capacitance of each link pin to self capacitance
+V = 33.0    //Voltage(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+a_1 = 1
+a_2 = (1 + m)*a_1
+a_3 = m*(a_1 + a_2) + a_2
+v_1 = V/(a_1 + a_2 + a_3)   //Voltage across top unit(kV)
+v_2 = a_2 * v_1             //Voltage across middle unit(kV)
+v_3 = a_3 * v_1             //Voltage across bottom unit(kV)
+s_v_1 = (v_1/V)*100         //Voltage across top unit to string voltage(%)
+s_v_2 = (v_2/V)*100         //Voltage across middle unit to string voltage(%)
+s_v_3 = (v_3/V)*100         //Voltage across bottom unit to string voltage(%)
+
+efficiency = V*100/(3*v_3)  //String efficiency(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) :')
+printf('Voltage across top unit , v_1 = %.3f kV' ,v_1)
+printf('Voltage across middle unit , v_2 = %.3f kV' ,v_2)
+printf('Voltage across bottom unit , v_3 = %.3f kV' ,v_3)
+printf('Voltage across top unit as a percentage of string voltage , v_1/V = %.1f percent' ,s_v_1)
+printf('Voltage across middle unit as a percentage of string voltage , v_2/V = %.1f percent' ,s_v_2)
+printf('Voltage across bottom unit as a percentage of string voltage , v_3/V = %.1f percent' ,s_v_3)
+printf('\nCase(ii) :')
+printf('String efficiency = %.2f percent' ,efficiency)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d20f5c5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+n = 8       //Number of discs
+m = 1.0/6   //capacitance of each link pin to self capacitance
+V = 30.0    //Voltage(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+a_1 = 1
+a_2 = (1+m)*a_1
+a_3 = m*(a_1+a_2)+a_2
+a_4 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3)+a_3
+a_5 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4)+a_4
+a_6 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5)+a_5
+a_7 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6)+a_6
+a_8 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6+a_7)+a_7
+v_1 = V/(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6+a_7+a_8)    //Voltage across unit 1(kV)
+v_2 = a_2*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 2(kV)
+v_3 = a_3*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 3(kV)
+v_4 = a_4*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 4(kV)
+v_5 = a_5*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 5(kV)
+v_6 = a_6*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 6(kV)
+v_7 = a_7*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 7(kV)
+v_8 = a_8*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 8(kV)
+s_v_1 = v_1/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 1 as a % of V
+s_v_2 = v_2/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 2 as a % of V
+s_v_3 = v_3/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 3 as a % of V
+s_v_4 = v_4/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 4 as a % of V
+s_v_5 = v_5/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 5 as a % of V
+s_v_6 = v_6/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 6 as a % of V
+s_v_7 = v_7/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 7 as a % of V
+s_v_8 = v_8/V*100                            //Voltage across unit 8 as a % of V
+
+V_2 = V*100/s_v_8
+V_sys = (3**0.5)*V_2                         //Permissible system voltage(kV)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) :')
+printf('Unit number                          1      2      3      4      5       6       7       8\n')
+printf('Percentage of conductor voltage    %.2f   %.2f   %.2f   %.2f   %.2f   %.2f   %.2f   %.2f' ,s_v_1,s_v_2,s_v_3,s_v_4,s_v_5,s_v_6,s_v_7,s_v_8)
+printf('\nCase(ii) :')
+printf('System voltage at which this string can be used = %.2f kV' ,V_sys)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4658b7dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+v_dry = 65.0     //Dry power frequency flashover voltage for each disc(kV)
+v_wet = 43.0     //Wet power frequency flashover voltage for each disc(kV)
+V = 110          //Voltage of system to be insulated(kV)
+m = 1.0/6        //capacitance of each link pin to self capacitance
+n_4 = 4          //Number of units in a string
+n_8 = 8          //Number of units in a string
+n_10 = 10        //Number of units in a string
+v_dry_4 = 210.0  //Dry power frequency flashover voltage for 4 units(kV)
+v_dry_8 = 385.0  //Dry power frequency flashover voltage for 8 units(kV)
+v_dry_10 = 460.0 //Dry power frequency flashover voltage for 10 units(kV)
+v_wet_4 = 150.0  //Wet power frequency flashover voltage for 4 units(kV)
+v_wet_8 = 285.0  //Wet power frequency flashover voltage for 8 units(kV)
+v_wet_10 = 345.0 //Wet power frequency flashover voltage for 10 units(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+eff_dry_4 = v_dry_4*100/(n_4*v_dry)
+eff_dry_8 = v_dry_8*100/(n_8*v_dry)
+eff_dry_10 = v_dry_10*100/(n_10*v_dry)
+eff_wet_4 = v_wet_4*100/(n_4*v_wet)
+eff_wet_8 = v_wet_8*100/(n_8*v_wet)
+eff_wet_10 = v_wet_10*100/(n_10*v_wet)
+
+a_1 = 1
+a_2 = (1+m)*a_1
+a_3 = m*(a_1+a_2)+a_2
+a_4 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3)+a_3
+a_5 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4)+a_4
+a_6 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5)+a_5
+a_7 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6)+a_6
+a_8 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6+a_7)+a_7
+v_1 = V/(a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6+a_7+a_8)    //Voltage across unit 1(kV)
+v_8 = a_8*v_1                                //Voltage across unit 8(kV)
+s_v_8 = v_8/V                                //Ratio of Voltage across unit 8 to string voltage
+voltage_2 = V/(3**0.5)*s_v_8                 //Voltage across the disc adjacent to conductor(kV)
+sf_dry = v_dry/voltage_2                     //Factor of safety for dry flashover
+sf_wet = v_wet/voltage_2                     //Factor of safety for wet flashover
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) :')
+printf(' No. of units       Dry string efficiency(%%)      Wet string efficiency(%%)')
+
+printf(' %d                  %.2f                         %.2f        ' ,n_4,eff_dry_4,eff_wet_4)
+printf(' %d                  %.2f                         %.2f        ' ,n_8,eff_dry_8,eff_wet_8)
+printf(' %d                 %.2f                         %.2f        ' ,n_10,eff_dry_10,eff_wet_10)
+
+printf('\nCase(ii) :')
+printf('Factor of safety for dry flashover = %.2f' ,sf_dry)
+printf('Factor of safety for wet flashover = %.2f' ,sf_wet)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..266d45d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+n = 4        //Number of disc
+v_2 = 13.2   //Voltage across second unit(kV)
+v_3 = 18.0   //Voltage across third unit(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+m = 0.198                       //Obtained by solving the quadratic equation
+a_1 = 1
+a_2 = 1+m
+a_3 = m*(a_1+a_2)+a_2
+a_4 = m*(a_1+a_2+a_3)+a_3
+v_1 = v_2/a_2                   //Voltage across first unit(kV)
+v_4 = a_4*v_1                   //Voltage across second unit(kV)
+V = v_1+v_2+v_3+v_4             //Conductor voltage(kV)
+efficiency = V/(n*v_4)*100      //String efficiency(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Conductor voltage with respect to the cross-arm , V = %.2f kV' ,V)
+printf('String efficiency = %.2f percent' ,efficiency)
diff --git a/3035/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3035/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4aeec87ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+n = 3       //Number of disc
+
+unit_1 = 100/3.072                  //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of Topmost unit
+unit_2 = 1.014/3.072*100            //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of second unit
+unit_3 = 1.058/3.072*100            //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of bottom unit
+efficiency = 3.072*100/(n*1.058)    //String efficiency(%)
+
+// Calculation Section
+unit_1g = 100/3.752                 //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of Topmost unit
+unit_2g = 1.18/3.752*100            //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of second unit
+unit_3g = 1.5724/3.752*100          //Disc voltage as % of conductor voltage of bottom unit
+efficiency1 = 3.752*100/(n*1.5724)    //String efficiency(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Disc voltages as a percentage of the conductor voltage with guard ring are :')
+printf('Topmost unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_1)
+printf('Second unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_2)
+printf('Bottom unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_3)
+printf('String efficiency = %.2f percent' ,efficiency)
+printf('\nDisc voltages as a percentage of the conductor voltage without guard ring are :')
+printf('Topmost unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_1g)
+printf('Second unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_2g)
+printf('Bottom unit = %.2f percent' ,unit_3g)
+printf('String efficiency = %.2f percent' ,efficiency1)
diff --git a/3035/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3035/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3c748f3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+C_m = 0.28      //Capacitance b/w ant 2 cores(micro-F/km)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+V_L = 11.0      //Line voltage(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+C = 2*C_m                           //Capacitance b/w any conductor & shield(micro-F/km)
+w = 2*%pi*f                     //Angular frequency
+I_c = V_L*10**3*w*C*10**-6/3**0.5   //Charging current/phase/km(A)
+Total = 3**0.5*I_c*V_L              //Total charging kVAR/km
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Charging current/phase/km , I_c = %.3f A' ,I_c)
+printf('Total charging kVAR/km = %.2f ' ,Total)
diff --git a/3035/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3035/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec90610d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+E_c = 100.0     //Safe working stress(kV/cm) rms
+V = 130.0       //Operating voltage(kV) rms
+d = 1.5         //Diameter of conductor(cm)
+
+// Calculation Section
+ln_D = 2*V/(E_c*d)+log(d)
+D = exp(ln_D)
+thick_1 = (D-d)/2               //Insulation thickness(cm)
+
+d_2 = 2*V/E_c
+D_2 = 2.718*d_2                 //Sheath diameter(cm)
+thick_2 = (D_2-d_2)/2           //Insulation thickness(cm)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('(i)  Internal sheath radius = %.2f cm' ,thick_1)
+printf('(ii) Internal sheath radius = %.2f cm' ,thick_2)
diff --git a/3035/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3035/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3d6cee144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+d = 3.0         //Diameter of conductor(cm)
+D = 8.5         //Sheath diameter(cm)
+e_r1 = 5.0      //Permittivity of inner dielectric
+e_r2 = 3.0      //Permittivity of outer dielectric
+E_c = 30.0      //Safe working stress(kV/cm) rms
+
+// Calculation Section
+E_i = E_c
+D_1 = e_r1/e_r2*d
+thick_1 = (D_1-d)/2     //Thickness of first layer(cm)
+thick_2 = (D-D_1)/2     //Thickness of second layer(cm)
+
+V_1 = E_c*d*log(D_1/d)/2       //Voltage across first layer(kV)
+V_2 = E_i*D_1*log(D/D_1)/2     //Voltage across second layer(kV)
+V = V_1 + V_2                       //Permissible conductor voltage(kV)
+
+V_3 = E_c*d*log(D/d)/2         //Permissible conductor voltage(kV) for homogeneous permittivity of 5
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(i) :')
+printf('Thickness of first layer = %.2f cm' ,thick_1)
+printf('Thickness of second layer = %.2f cm' ,thick_2)
+printf('\nCase(ii) :')
+printf('Permissible conductor voltage = %.2f kV' ,V)
+printf('\nCase(iii) :')
+printf('Permissible conductor voltage if a homogeneous insulation of permittivity 5 is used , V = %.2f kV' ,V_3)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : Relative permittivity of outer dielectric is 3 & not 9 as given in textbook')
diff --git a/3035/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3035/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58290a367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+E = 40.0        //Safe working stress(kV/cm) rms
+d = 1.5         //Conductor diameter(cm)
+D = 6.7         //Sheath diameter(cm)
+t = 0.1         //Thickness of lead tube(cm)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+r = d/2                     //Conductor radius(cm)
+R = D/2                     //Sheath radius(cm)
+r_i = r+((R-r)/2)-t/2       //Internal radius of intersheath(cm)
+r_e = r_i + t               //External radius of intersheath(cm)
+V_1 = E*r*log(r_i/r)   //Voltage across conductor & intersheath(kV)
+V_2 = E*r_e*log(R/r_e) //Voltage across intersheath & earthed sheath(kV)
+V = V_1 + V_2               //Safe working voltage with intersheath(kV)
+V_no = E*r*log(R/r)    //Safe working voltage without intersheath(kV)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Safe working voltage with intersheath , V = %.2f kV' ,V)
+printf('Safe working voltage without intersheath , V = %.2f kV' ,V_no)
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fbd5dc3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+V = 400.0       //Voltage supplied(V)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+P_1 = 75.0      //Power of induction motor at middle of distributor(kVA)
+pf_1 = 0.8      //Power factor of induction motor at middle of distributor
+P_2 = 50.0      //Power of induction motor at far end(kVA)
+pf_2 = 0.85     //Power factor of induction motor at far end
+demand_f = 1.0  //Demand factor
+diver_f = 1.2   //Diversity factor
+L = 150.0       //Length of line(m)
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)                                       //Power factor angle for 75 kVA(radians)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)                                       //Power factor angle for 50 kVA(radians)
+load = P_1*exp(%i*theta_1)+P_2*exp(%i*theta_2)      //Total connected load(kVA)
+pf_r = cos(phasemag(load)*%pi/180)                              //Resultant power factor
+I_max = abs(load)*1000/(3**0.5*V*diver_f)                       //Maximum distributor current per phase(A)
+L_1 = L/2
+V_per = 0.06*V/3**0.5                                           //Permissible voltage drop(V)
+
+R_f = 0.734*10**-3                                              //Resistance(ohm/m)
+X_f = 0.336*10**-3                                              //Reactance(ohm/m)
+I_2f = P_2*10**3/(3**0.5*V)
+I_1f = P_1*10**3/(3**0.5*V)
+V_f = I_1f*L_1*(R_f*pf_1+X_f*sin(theta_1))+I_2f*L*(R_f*pf_2+X_f*sin(theta_2))
+d_f = 9.0                                                       //Overall conductor diameter(mm)
+area_f = %pi*d_f**2/4                                       //Area of ferret conductor(mm^2)
+
+R_R = 0.587*10**-3                                              //Resistance(ohm/m)
+X_R = 0.333*10**-3                                              //Reactance(ohm/m)
+I_2R = P_2*10**3/(3**0.5*V)
+I_1R = P_1*10**3/(3**0.5*V)
+V_R = I_1R*L_1*(R_R*pf_1+X_R*sin(theta_1))+I_2R*L*(R_R*pf_2+X_R*sin(theta_2))
+d_R = 10.0                                                      //Overall conductor diameter(mm)
+area_R = %pi*d_R**2/4                                       //Area of rabbit conductor(mm^2)
+
+
+// Result Section
+if(V_f > V_per) then
+    printf('Overall cross-sectional area of the 7/3.35 mm Rabbit ACSR conductors having overall conductor diameter of 10.0 mm = %.2f mm^2' ,area_R)
+else
+    printf('Overall cross-sectional area of the 7/3.00 mm Ferret ACSR conductors having overall conductor diameter of 9.0 mm = %.2f mm^2' ,area_f)
+end
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c75d525a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+
+V = 400.0       //Voltage supplied(V)
+i = 0.5         //Current per meter(A)
+demand_f = 1.0  //Demand factor
+diver_f = 1.0   //Diversity factor
+L = 275.0       //Length of line(m)
+pf = 0.9        //Power factor lagging
+
+// Calculation Section
+I = i*L                                                 //Current in distributor/phase(A)
+theta = acos(pf)                                   //Power factor angle
+V_per = 0.06*V/3**0.5                                   //Permissible voltage drop(V)
+
+r_w = 0.985                                             //Resistance(ohm/km)
+x_w = 0.341                                             //Reactance(ohm/km)
+V_w = 0.5*i*(r_w*pf+x_w*sin(theta))*L**2*10**-3    //Voltage drop for Weasel(V)
+d_w = 7.77                                              //Diameter of weasel conductor(mm)
+area_w = %pi*d_w**2/4                               //Area of weasel conductor(mm^2)
+
+r_f = 0.734                                             //Resistance(ohm/km)
+x_f = 0.336                                             //Reactance(ohm/km)
+V_f = 0.5*i*(r_f*pf+x_f*sin(theta))*L**2*10**-3    //Voltage drop for Ferret(V)
+d_f = 9.00                                              //Diameter of Ferret conductor(mm)
+area_f = %pi*d_f**2/4                               //Area of Ferret conductor(mm^2)
+
+r_r = 0.587                                             //Resistance(ohm/km)
+x_r = 0.333                                             //Reactance(ohm/km)
+V_r = 0.5*i*(r_r*pf+x_r*sin(theta))*L**2*10**-3    //Voltage drop for Rabbit(V)
+d_r = 10.0                                              //Diameter of Rabbit conductor(mm)
+area_r = %pi*d_r**2/4                               //Area of Rabbit conductor(mm^2)
+
+// Result Section
+if(V_w < V_per) then
+    printf('Overall cross-sectional area of the 7/2.59 mm Weasel ACSR conductors having overall conductor diameter of 7.77 mm = %.2f mm^2' ,area_w)
+else if(V_f < V_per) then
+    printf('Overall cross-sectional area of the 7/3.00 mm Ferret ACSR conductors having overall conductor diameter of 9.0 mm = %.2f mm^2' ,area_f)
+else
+    printf('Overall cross-sectional area of the 7/3.35 mm Rabbit ACSR conductors having overall conductor diameter of 10.0 mm = %.2f mm^2' ,area_r)
+end
+end
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4b1b3597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+// Variable Declaration
+V = 400.0       //Voltage supplied(V)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+L = 300.0       //Length of line(m)
+I_1 = 50.0      //Current at 100 m from feeding point(A)
+pf_1 = 0.8      //Power factor at 100 m from feeding point
+L_1 = 100.0     //Length of line upto feeding point(m)
+I_2 = 25.0      //Current at 100 m from feeding point(A)
+pf_2 = 0.78     //Power factor at 100 m from feeding point
+L_2 = 200.0     //Length of line from feeding point to far end(m)
+i = 0.2         //Distributed load current(A/metre)
+v_drop = 15.0   //Permissible voltage drop
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)               //Power factor angle for 50 A(radians)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)               //Power factor angle for 25 A(radians)
+
+r_f = 0.734*10**-3                      //Resistance(ohm/m)
+x_f = 0.336*10**-3                      //Reactance(ohm/m)
+V_con_f = I_1*L_1*(r_f*pf_1+x_f*sin(theta_1))+I_2*L*(r_f*pf_2+x_f*sin(theta_2)) //Voltage drop at B due to concentrated loading(V)
+V_dis_f = 0.5*i*r_f*(L_1+L_2)**2        //Voltage drop at B due to distributed loading(V)
+V_f = V_con_f+V_dis_f                   //Total voltage drop(V)
+
+r_r = 0.587*10**-3                      //Resistance(ohm/m)
+x_r = 0.333*10**-3                      //Reactance(ohm/m)
+V_con_r = I_1*L_1*(r_r*pf_1+x_r*sin(theta_1))+I_2*L*(r_r*pf_2+x_r*sin(theta_2)) //Voltage drop at B due to concentrated loading(V)
+V_dis_r = 0.5*i*r_r*(L_1+L_2)**2        //Voltage drop at B due to distributed loading(V)
+V_r = V_con_r+V_dis_r                   //Total voltage drop(V)
+
+// Result Section
+if(V_f < v_drop) then
+    printf('Ferret ACSR conductors of size 7/3.00 mm having an overall conductor diameter of 9.0 mm is to be used')
+    printf('Total voltage drop = %.2f V, which is within limit' ,V_f)
+else
+    printf('Rabbit ACSR conductors of size 7/3.35 mm having an overall conductor diameter of 10.0 mm is to be used')
+    printf('Total voltage drop = %.2f V, which is within limit' ,V_r)
+end
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : In distributed load : current is 0.2 A/meter and not 0.25 A/meter as given in problem statement')
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7383b055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+P = 5.0         //Power of substation(MVA)
+V_hv = 33.0     //High voltage(kV)
+V_lv = 11.0     //Low voltage(kV)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+P_1 = 0.5       //Minimum load(MW)
+pf_1 = 0.85     //Lagging power factor of minimum load
+P_2 = 2.8       //Maximum load(MW)
+pf_2 = 0.78     //Lagging power factor of maximum load
+pf_i = 0.9      //Lagging power factor of incoming current
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)
+theta_i = acos(pf_i)
+
+load_react = P_1*tan(theta_1)*1000                      //Load reactive power(kVAR)
+line_react = P_1*tan(theta_i)*1000                      //Reactive power supplied by line(kVAR)
+rating_fix = load_react - line_react                         //kVAR rating of fixed capacitor bank(kVAR)
+
+bank_react = P_2*(tan(theta_2)-tan(theta_i))*1000  //Reactive power to be supplied by capacitor banks(kVAR)
+rating_swi = bank_react - rating_fix                         //Reactive power rating of switched unit(kVAR)
+
+C_fix = rating_fix*10**-3/(3**0.5*V_lv**2*2*%pi*f)       //Capacitance for fixed bank
+C_swi = rating_swi*10**-3/(3**0.5*V_lv**2*2*%pi*f)       //Capacitance for switched bank
+
+// Result Section
+printf('kVAR rating of fixed capacitors = %.1f kVAR' ,rating_fix)
+printf('kVAR rating of switched capacitors = %.1f kVAR' ,rating_swi)
+printf('Capacitance of fixed bank , C = %.2e F/phase' ,C_fix)
+printf('Capacitance of switched bank , C = %.2e F/phase' ,C_swi)
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86d42a601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+V = 400.0       //Voltage of induction motor(V)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+I = 40.0        //Line current(A)
+pf_1 = 0.78     //Lagging power factor of motor
+pf_2 = 0.95     //Raised lagging power factor
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)                                           //Motor power factor angle(radians)
+P_act_m = 3**0.5*V*I*pf_1*10**-3                                    //Active power demand of motor(kW)
+P_rea_m = P_act_m*tan(theta_1)                                 //Reactive power demand of motor(kVAR)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)                                           //Improved power factor angle(radians)
+P_act_l = 3**0.5*V*I*pf_1*10**-3                                    //Active power supplied by line(kW)
+P_rea_l = P_act_m*tan(theta_2)                                 //Reactive power supplied by line to motor(kVAR)
+rating = P_rea_m - P_rea_l                                          //kVAR rating of capacitor bank(kVAR per phase)
+I_C = rating*1000/(3**0.5*V)                                        //Current drawn by capacitor bank(A)
+I_L = I*exp(%i*-theta_1)+I_C*exp(%i*90*%pi/180)     //Line current(A)
+I_phase = I_C/3**0.5                                                //Phase current of delta connected capacitor bank(A)
+C = I_phase/(V*2*%pi*f)                                         //Per phase capacitance of bank(micro-F/phase)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('kVAR rating of the bank = %.2f kVAR per phase' ,rating)
+printf('Line current = %.2f∠%.2f° A' ,abs(I_L),phasemag(I_L))
+printf('Per phase capacitance of the bank , C = %.2e F/phase',C)
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ca96c00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+P_1 = 250.0     //Load at unity power factor(kW)
+pf_1 = 1        //Power factor
+P_2 = 1500.0    //Load at 0.9 power factor(kW)
+pf_2 = 0.9      //Lagging power factor
+P_3 = 1000.0    //Load at 0.8 power factor(kW)
+pf_3 = 0.8      //Lagging power factor
+P_4 = 700.0     //Load at 0.78 power factor(kW)
+pf_4 = 0.76     //Lagging power factor
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)
+theta_3 = acos(pf_3)
+theta_4 = acos(pf_4)
+kW_T = P_1+P_2+P_3+P_4                   //Total kW carried by feeder(kW)
+kVAR_T = P_1*tan(theta_1)+P_2*tan(theta_2)+P_3*tan(theta_3)+P_4*tan(theta_4)
+pf_feed = cos(atan(kVAR_T/kW_T))
+feeder_KVA = (kW_T**2+kVAR_T**2)**0.5    //Feeder kVA
+feeder_kW = feeder_KVA                   //Load at unity pf(kW)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Feeder power factor = %.3f lagging' ,pf_feed)
+printf('Load at unity power factor = %.f kW' ,feeder_kW)
+printf('\nNOTE : ERROR : The load data should be 700 kW at 0.76 pf lagging instead of 700 kW at 0.78 lagging')
diff --git a/3035/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3035/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..362d5fa03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+V = 400.0       //Voltage(V)
+f = 50.0        //Frequency(Hz)
+HP_1 = 75.0     //Power(H.P)
+HP_2 = 25.0     //Power(H.P)
+HP_3 = 10.0     //Power(H.P)
+pf_1 = 0.75     //Power factor at 3/4 load
+pf_2 = 0.78     //Power factor at 4/5 load
+pf_3 = 0.8      //Power factor at full load
+pf_4 = 0.9      //Lagging power factor improved
+pf_5 = 0.74     //Power factor of 2nd motor at 2/3 of full load
+pf_6 = 0.8      //Power factor of 3rd motor at full load
+
+// Calculation Section
+theta_1 = acos(pf_1)
+theta_2 = acos(pf_2)
+theta_3 = acos(pf_3)
+S_1P = (0.75*HP_1*746*10**-3/pf_1)*exp(%i*theta_1)    //kVA demanded by first motor(kVA)
+S_2P = (0.8*HP_2*746*10**-3/pf_2)*exp(%i*theta_2)     //kVA demanded by second motor(kVA)
+S_3P = (HP_3*746*10**-3/pf_3)*exp(%i*theta_3)         //kVA demanded by third motor(kVA)
+S_TP = S_1P + S_2P + S_3P                                   //Total kVA demanded by all loads(kVA)
+pf_l_wc = cos(phasemag(S_TP)*%pi/180)                       //Line power factor without capacitive correction
+kW_T = real(S_TP)                                            //Total kW demanded by load(kW)
+kVAR_T = imag(S_TP)                                          //Total lagging kVAR demanded by loads(kVAR)
+theta_4 = acos(pf_4)
+P_react = kW_T*tan(theta_4)                            //Reactive power supplied by line for 0.9 pf(kVAR)
+power = kVAR_T - P_react                                    //Reactive power supplied by capacitor bank(kVAR)
+
+theta_5 = acos(pf_5)
+theta_6 = acos(pf_6)
+S_2L = (2*HP_2*746*10**-3/(3*pf_5))*exp(%i*theta_5)   //kVA demanded by second motor(kVA)
+S_3L = (HP_3*746*10**-3/pf_3)*exp(%i*theta_3)         //kVA demanded by third motor(kVA)
+S_TL = S_2L + S_3L                                          //Total kVA demanded during lean period(kVA)
+S_line = real(S_TL) - complex(0,power-imag(S_TL))           //kVA supplied by line(kVA)
+pf_line = cos(phasemag(S_line)*%pi/180)                     //Line power factor
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Line power factor with capacitor bank connected during lean period = %.2f leading' ,pf_line)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ee1315c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+w = 0.8     //Coal to be burnt for every kWh of electric energy(kg)
+C = 5000    //Calorific value of coal(kilo-calories/kg)
+
+// Calculation Section
+heat_energy = C*w/860       //Heat energy of combustion of given coal(kWh)
+efficiency = 1/heat_energy  //Overall efficiency
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Overall efficiency of the plant = %.3f' ,efficiency)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a77e0889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+P = 250.0       //Power(MW)
+C = 6100.0      //Calorific value(kcal/kg)
+n_1 = 0.9       //Plant runs at full load
+h_1 = 20.0      //Time for full load(hour)
+n_2 = 0.75      //Plant runs at full load
+h_2 = 4.0       //Time for full load(hour)
+n_t = 0.3       //Thermal efficiency
+n_g = 0.93      //Generator efficiency
+
+// Calculation Section
+E_T = (P*n_1*h_1+P*n_2*h_2)*1000    //Total electric energy produced by plant in a day(kWh)
+efficiency = n_t * n_g              //Overall efficiency of the plant
+heat_energy = E_T*860/efficiency    //Heat energy of combustion of coal(kcal)
+coal_requ = heat_energy/C           //Daily coal requirement(kg)
+coal_requ_ton = coal_requ*10**-3    //Daily coal requirement(tonnes)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Daily coal requirement = %.2e kg = %.f tonnes' ,coal_requ,coal_requ_ton)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab9b291fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+Q = 1.0         //Water discharge(m^3/sec)
+h = 200.0       //Height(m)
+n_h = 0.85      //Hydraulic efficiency
+n_e = 0.95      //Electric efficiency
+
+// Calculation Section
+n = n_h*n_e             //Overall efficiency
+P = (736.0/75)*Q*h*n    //Electrical power available(kW)
+E = P*1.0               //Energy available in an hour(kWh)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Electrical power available = %.2f kW' ,P)
+printf('Energy available in an hour = %.2f kWh' ,E)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69af6b5c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+Ad = 6.0*10**6      //Reservoir capacity(m^3)
+h = 150.0           //Head(m)
+n = 0.78            //Overall efficiency
+P = 25.0*10**6      //Power(Watt)
+t = 4.0             //Supply time(hour)
+
+// Calculation Section
+AX = P*75*3600*t/(736*h*n*1000)   //unit(m^3)
+X_d = AX/Ad*100                   //Fall in reservoir level(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Percentage fall in reservoir level = %.2f percent' ,X_d)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adce57cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+X_s = 1.0       //Synchronous reactance of generator(p.u)
+V_b = 1.0       //Terminal voltage of generator=voltage of infinite bus(p.u)
+P_G = 0.5       //Real power output at unity pf(p.u)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+I = P_G/V_b                         //Generator current(p.u)
+E = complex(V_b,I*X_s)              //Excitation emf of finite machine(p.u)
+delta = phasemag(E)               //Power angle = angle b/w E & V_b(degree)
+
+P_Gn = P_G/2                        //Real power o/p when steam i/p is halved(p.u)
+sin_delta_n = P_Gn*X_s/(abs(E)*V_b)
+delta_n = asin(sin_delta_n)    //New power angle(radian)
+E_n = abs(E)*exp(%i*delta_n)  //Excitation emf of finite machine with new angle(p.u)
+I_n = (E_n-V_b)/complex(0,X_s)      //Current when steam i/p is halved(p.u)
+pf_n = cos(phasemag(I_n)*%pi/180)   //Power factor when steam i/p is halved
+
+P_po = abs(E)*V_b/X_s               //Pull out power(p.u)
+
+stiff_a = abs(E)*V_b/X_s*cos(phasemag(E)*%pi/180)     //Electrical stiffness in case(a) (p.u/radian)
+stiff_b = abs(E)*V_b/X_s*cos(phasemag(I_n)*%pi/180)   //Electrical stiffness in case(b) (p.u/radian)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(a) :')
+printf('Excitation voltage of finite machine , E = %.2f∠%.2f° p.u' ,abs(E),delta)
+printf('Power angle = %.2f°' ,delta)
+printf('\nCase(b) :')
+printf('Current if steam input is reduced to half , I_n = %.3f∠%.2f° p.u' ,abs(I_n),phasemag(I_n))
+printf('Power factor if steam input is reduced to half = %.2f lagging' ,pf_n)
+printf('Power angle if steam input is reduced to half = %.2f°' ,delta_n*180/%pi)
+printf('\nCase(c) :')
+printf('Pull out power = %.2f p.u' ,P_po)
+printf('\nCase(d) :')
+printf('Electrical stiffness for case(a) = %.1f p.u/radian' ,stiff_a)
+printf('Electrical stiffness for case(b) = %.3f p.u/radian' ,stiff_b)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fc61b859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+X_s = 1.1       //Synchronous reactance of generator(p.u)
+V_b = 1.0       //Terminal voltage of generator=voltage of infinite bus(p.u)
+E = 1.25        //Excitation emf of finite machine(p.u)
+P_G = 0.3       //Active power output(p.u)
+dec = 0.25      //Excitation is decreased
+
+// Calculation Section
+sin_delta = P_G*X_s/(E*V_b)
+delta = asin(sin_delta)                //Power angle(radian)
+Q_G = V_b/X_s*(E*cos(delta)-V_b)       //Reactive power output(p.u)
+
+E_n = (1-dec)*E                             //New excitation emf of finite machine(p.u)
+P_Gn = P_G                                  //New active power output(p.u)
+sin_delta_n = P_G*X_s/(E_n*V_b)
+delta_n = asin(sin_delta_n)            //New power angle(radian)
+Q_Gn = V_b/X_s*(E_n*cos(delta_n)-V_b)  //New reactive power output(p.u)
+
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Case(a) :')
+printf('Power angle = %.2f°' ,delta*180/%pi)
+printf('Reactive power output , Q_G = %.3f p.u' ,Q_G)
+printf('\nCase(b) :')
+printf('Active power if excitation is decreased , P_Gn = %.1f p.u' ,P_Gn)
+printf('Reactive power if excitation is decreased , Q_Gn = %.3f p.u' ,Q_Gn)
+printf('Power angle if excitation is decreased = %.2f°' ,delta_n*180/%pi)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..827ddd0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+X_s = 1.05      //Synchronous reactance of generator(p.u)
+V_b = 0.95      //Terminal voltage of generator=voltage of infinite bus(p.u)
+X_L = 0.1       //Reactance of link(p.u)
+E = 1.2         //Excitation emf of finite machine(p.u)
+P_G = 0.15      //Active power output(p.u)
+inc = 1         //Turbine torque increased
+
+// Calculation Section
+sin_delta = P_G*(X_s+X_L)/(E*V_b)
+delta = asin(sin_delta)                    //Power angle(radian)
+Q_G = V_b/(X_s+X_L)*(E*cos(delta)-V_b)     //Reactive power output(p.u)
+
+P_Gn = (1+inc)*P_G                              //New active power output(p.u)
+sin_delta_n = P_Gn*(X_s+X_L)/(E*V_b)
+delta_n = asin(sin_delta_n)                //Power angle(radian)
+Q_Gn = V_b/(X_s+X_L)*(E*cos(delta_n)-V_b)  //Reactive power output(p.u)
+P_change = (P_Gn-P_G)/P_G*100                   //Change in active power output(%)
+Q_change = (Q_Gn-Q_G)/Q_G*100                   //Change in reactive power output(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Change in active power supplied by generator = %.f percent' ,P_change)
+printf('Change in reactive power supplied by generator = %.2f percent' ,Q_change)
diff --git a/3035/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3035/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f018745e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+X_s = 6.0       //Synchronous reactance of alternator(ohms/phase)
+pf = 0.8        //Lagging power factor
+P_G = 5.0       //Power delivered(MW)
+V = 11.0        //Voltage of infinite bus(kV)
+
+// Calculation Section
+delta = acos(pf)
+I = P_G*1000/(3**0.5*V*pf)*(pf - complex(0,sin(delta)))      //Alternator current(A)
+V_b = V*10**3/3**0.5                                              //Voltage of infinite bus(V/phase)
+E = complex(7531.79669352,1574.59164324)                           //Initial excitation voltage(V)
+pf_n = 1.0                                                        //New power factor
+P_Gn = P_G                                                        //New power delivered(MW)
+I_n = P_Gn*1000/(3**0.5*V*pf_n)                                   //Alternator current(A)
+E_n = complex(V_b,I_n*X_s)                                        //New excitation voltage(V)
+excitation_change = (abs(E)-abs(E_n))/abs(E)*100                  //Percentage change in excitation(%)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Percentage change in excitation = %.2f percent' ,excitation_change)
diff --git a/3035/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3035/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..287834b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+Y_s12 = complex(2.96,-20.16)     //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 2(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p12 = complex(0,0.152)         //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 2(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s15 = complex(2.72,-18.32)     //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p15 = complex(0,0.185)         //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s23 = complex(3.0,-22.8)       //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 3(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p23 = complex(0,0.110)         //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 3(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s25 = complex(1.48,-10.30)     //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p25 = complex(0,0.312)         //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s34 = complex(2.96,-20.16)     //Line admittance b/w buses 3 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p34 = complex(0,0.152)         //Line admittance b/w buses 3 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s45 = complex(3.0,-22.8)       //Line admittance b/w buses 4 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p45 = complex(0,0.110)         //Line admittance b/w buses 4 & 5(*10^-3 mho)
+
+
+// Calculation Section
+Y_s13 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 3(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p13 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 3(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_s14 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p14 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 1 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_11 = (Y_s12+Y_s13+Y_s14+Y_s15)+(Y_p12+Y_p13+Y_p14+Y_p15)
+Y_12 = -Y_s12
+Y_13 = -Y_s13
+Y_14 = -Y_s14
+Y_15 = -Y_s15
+
+Y_s21 = Y_s12
+Y_p21 = Y_p12
+Y_s24 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p24 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_21 = Y_12
+Y_22 = (Y_s21+Y_s23+Y_s24+Y_s25)+(Y_p21+Y_p23+Y_p24+Y_p25)
+Y_23 = -Y_s23
+Y_24 = -Y_s24
+Y_25 = -Y_s25
+
+Y_s31 = Y_s13
+Y_p31 = Y_p13
+Y_s32 = Y_s23
+Y_p32 = Y_p23
+Y_s35 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_p35 = complex(0,0)             //Line admittance b/w buses 2 & 4(*10^-3 mho)
+Y_33 = (Y_s31+Y_s32+Y_s34+Y_s35)+(Y_p31+Y_p32+Y_p34+Y_p35)
+Y_34 = -Y_s34
+Y_35 = -Y_s35
+Y_31 = Y_13
+Y_32 = Y_23
+Y_33 = (Y_s31+Y_s32+Y_s34+Y_s35)+(Y_p31+Y_p32+Y_p34+Y_p35)
+Y_34 = -Y_s34
+Y_35 = -Y_s35
+
+Y_s41 = Y_s14
+Y_p41 = Y_p14
+Y_s42 = Y_s24
+Y_p42 = Y_p24
+Y_s43 = Y_s34
+Y_p43 = Y_p34
+Y_41 = Y_14
+Y_42 = Y_24
+Y_43 = Y_34
+Y_44 = (Y_s41+Y_s42+Y_s43+Y_s45)+(Y_p41+Y_p42+Y_p43+Y_p45)
+Y_45 = -Y_s45
+
+Y_s51 = Y_s15
+Y_p51 = Y_p15
+Y_s52 = Y_s25
+Y_p52 = Y_p25
+Y_s53 = Y_s35
+Y_p53 = Y_p35
+Y_s54 = Y_s45
+Y_p54 = Y_p45
+Y_51 = Y_15
+Y_52 = Y_25
+Y_53 = Y_35
+Y_54 = Y_45
+Y_55 = (Y_s51+Y_s52+Y_s53+Y_s54)+(Y_p51+Y_p52+Y_p53+Y_p54)
+
+Y_bus = [[Y_11, Y_12, Y_13, Y_14, Y_15],
+         [Y_21, Y_22, Y_23, Y_24, Y_25],
+         [Y_31, Y_32, Y_33, Y_34, Y_35],
+         [Y_41, Y_42, Y_43, Y_44, Y_45],
+         [Y_51, Y_52, Y_53, Y_54, Y_55]]
+
+// Result Section
+printf('The Y bus matrix for the five-bus system is :\n')
+disp(Y_bus)
diff --git a/3035/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3035/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1371d69df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3035/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Variable Declaration
+V_1 = complex(1.04,0)           //Voltage at bus 1(p.u)
+S_D1 = complex(0.55,0.15)       //Power at bus 1(p.u)
+S_D2 = complex(1.0,0.3)         //Power at bus 2(p.u)
+Y_11 = complex(0.988,-9.734)    //Admittance at bus 1(p.u)
+Y_22 = Y_11                     //Admittance at bus 2(p.u)
+Y_12 = complex(-0.988,9.9)      //Admittance b/w bus 1 & 2(p.u)
+Y_21 = Y_12                     //Admittance b/w bus 2 & 1(p.u)
+
+// Calculation Section
+V_2_0 = complex(1,0)                                            //Initial value of V_2 
+S_2 = complex(-1,0.3)                                           //P_2+j*Q_2
+V_2_1 =  (1/Y_22)*(S_2/conj(V_2_0)-Y_21*V_1)
+V_2_2 =  (1/Y_22)*(S_2/conj(V_2_1)-Y_21*V_1)
+V_2_3 =  (1/Y_22)*(S_2/conj(V_2_2)-Y_21*V_1)
+V_2_4 =  (1/Y_22)*(S_2/conj(V_2_3)-Y_21*V_1)
+V_2_5 =  (1/Y_22)*(S_2/conj(V_2_4)-Y_21*V_1)
+V_2 = V_2_5                                                     //Voltage 2(p.u)
+S_1_con = conj(V_1)*Y_11*V_1 + conj(V_1)*Y_12*V_2   //Conjugate of slack bus net power
+S_1 = conj(S_1_con)
+S_G1 = S_1 + S_D1                                               //Generated power at bus 1(p.u)
+P_L = real(S_G1) - (real(S_D1) + real(S_D2))                       //Real power loss(p.u)
+Q_L = imag(S_G1) - (imag(S_D1) + imag(S_D2))                       //Reactive power loss(p.u)
+
+// Result Section
+printf('Voltage at bus 2 , V_2 = %.4f∠%.2f° p.u' ,abs(V_2),phasemag(V_2))
+printf('Generated power at bus 1 , S_G1 = (%.2f + j%.3f) p.u' ,real(S_G1),imag(S_G1))
+printf('Real power loss in the system = %.2f p.u' ,P_L)
+printf('Reactive power loss in the system = %.3f p.u' ,Q_L)