initial commit / add all books

159 files changed, 2250 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bee1d84c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex1.1

+clc

+disp("I = K(d^1.5)") //formula used for fusing current

+d=0.0031

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing values of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b34a720bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex1.10

+clc

+B = 2*10^-6 //magnetic flux density

+V = 4*10^6  //electron velocity

+e= 1.6*10^-19//elcetron charge

+disp("B ="+string(B)+"ax wb/m.sq")

+disp("V ="+string(V)+"az m/s")

+disp("e = "+string(e)+ "C")

+disp("F = e[VxB] ="+string(e*V*B)+"ay N")//force

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d7dd8bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Ex1.11

+clc

+Hx = 1*10^-3  //magnetic field in x-axis

+Hy = 2*10^-3  //magnetic field in y-axis

+V = (4*10^6)  //electron velocity

+micro_not=(4*%pi*(10^-7)) //permitivity in vaccum

+e=1.6*10^-19  //charge of electorn

+disp("H = "+string(Hx)+"ax  + "+string(Hy)+"ay A/m")

+disp("V = "+string(V)+"ay m/s")

+Bx = micro_not*Hx; By = micro_not*Hy //magnetic flux density

+disp("B = micro_not*H = "+string(Bx)+"ax + "+string(By)+"ay wb/m.sq")

+disp("F = e[VxB] = "+string(e*V*Bx)+"az N") //force on electron due to field

+

+

+// note : there is a misprint in the textbook for the above problem

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..398e78088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex1.12

+clc

+n = 5*10^22//number of atoms in silicon/cm_cube

+donors = 10^-7 //donor atoms

+disp("n = "+string(n)+" /cm.cube")

+disp("donors = "+string(donors))

+disp("ND = "+string(n*donors)+" /cm.cube") //donor atom concentration

+

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02170cc5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//Ex1.13

+clc

+ND =5*10^16//donor atom concentration

+disp("n = "+string(ND)+"/cm.cube") //free electrons

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..269c66a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex1.14

+clc

+ni = 1.5*10^10 //intrinsic concentration

+ND = 5*10^16 //donor atom concentration

+disp("ni ="+string(ni)+"/cm.cube")

+disp("ND = "+string(ND)+" /cm.cube")

+disp("p = (ni^2)/ND = "+string((ni^2)/ND)+"atom/cm.cube") //hole concentration

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa2c3e6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex1.15

+clc

+ni = 1.52*10^10 //intrinsic concentration

+e=1.6*10^-19 //charge of electron

+micro_n = 1350; micro_p = 480 // charge mobility

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")

+disp("ni = pi ="+string(ni)+"/cm.cube")

+disp("micro_n = "+string(micro_n)+"cm.sq/V-s")

+disp("micro_p = "+string(micro_p)+"cm.sq/V-s")

+disp("sigma = e(micro_n*ni + micro_p*pi ) ="+string(e*(micro_n*ni + micro_p*ni))+"mho/cm") //conductivity

+disp("rho = 1/sigma ="+string(1/(e*(micro_n*ni + micro_p*ni)))+"ohm-cm") //resistivity

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9881577de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex1.16

+clc

+ni = 2.5*(10^13) //intrinsic concentration

+donor = 10^-7 //donor atoms

+ND = 4.41*(10^22)*(10^-7) //donor atom concentration

+e = 1.6*(10^-19) //electron charge

+micro_n = 3800; micro_p = 1800 //charge mobility

+disp("ni ="+string(ni)+" /cm.cube")

+disp("donor = "+string(donor))

+disp("n = ND ="+string(ND)+" /cm.cube")

+disp("p = (ni^2)/ND = "+string((ni^2)/ND)+" /cm.cube") //hole concentration

+disp("micro_n = 3800 cm.sq/V-s; micro_p = 1800 cm.sq/V-s")

+sigma = ni*e*(micro_n+micro_p) //conductivity

+disp("sigma = ni*e(micro_n + micro_p) = "+string(sigma)+"mho/cm")

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..39791c34e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex1.17

+clc

+ni = 2.5*10^19 //intrinsic concentration

+NA = 10^21 //acceptor atom concentration

+disp("ni = "+string(ni)+" /m.cube")

+disp("NA = "+string(NA)+" /m.cube ")

+disp("np = (ni^2)/ NA ="+string((ni^2)/NA)+"e/m.cube") //electron concentration

+//textbook has not calcutated for hole concentration

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..345793b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex1.18

+clc

+micro_p = 1800 //hole mobility

+rho_p = 1 //resistivity

+e = 1.6*10^-19 //electorn charge

+disp("micro_p ="+string(micro_p)+" cm.sq/V-s")

+disp("rho_p = "+string(rho_p)+"ohm-cm")

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")

+disp("pp = 1/(e*micro_p*rho_p) = "+string(1/(e*micro_p*rho_p))+" holes/cm.cube") //number of trivalent impurity

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d9f99fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex1.19

+clc

+micro_n = 1300 //eletron mobility

+rho_n = 2 //resistivity

+e = 1.6*10^-19 //electron charge

+disp("micro_n ="+string(micro_n)+" cm.sq/V-s")

+disp("rho_n = "+string(rho_n)+"ohm-cm")

+disp("e"+string(e)+"C")

+disp("nn = 1/(e*micro_n*rho_n) = "+string(1/(e*micro_n*rho_n))+" e/cm.cube") //number of pentavalent impurity

+

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..758f7bcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex1.2

+clc

+disp("fusing current, I = K(d^1.5) Amp.")//formula used for fusing current

+d=0.0201

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+// note : calculation for fusing current of Iron is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fbf7087c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex1.20

+clc

+EGo = 1.1 //energy band gap

+micro_n = 0.13 //electron mobility

+micro_p = 0.05 //hole mobility

+N = 3*10^25 //atom concentration

+K = 1.38*10^-23 //Boltzmann constant

+T = 300 //room temperature

+e=1.6*10^-19//electron charge

+disp("EGo = "+string(EGo)+"eV = "+string(EGo*e)+"J")

+disp("micro_n = "+string(micro_n)+" m.sq/V-s")

+disp("micro_p = "+string(micro_p)+"m.sq/V-s")

+disp("N = "+string(N)+" /m.cube")

+disp("T = "+string(T)+"degree_K")

+disp("K = "+string(K)+"J/K")

+disp("ni = N*exp(-(EGo/(2*T*K))) = "+string(N*exp(-(EGo*e/(2*T*K))))+" /m.cube") //intrinsic concentration

+ni = N*exp(-(EGo*e/(2*T*K)))

+disp("sigma = ni*e(micro_n+micro_p) = "+string(ni*e*(micro_n+micro_p))+"mho/m") //conductivity

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9395b7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex1.21

+clc

+K = 1.38*10^-23 //Boltzmann constant

+e = 1.6*10^-19 //electron charge

+T = 300 //room temperature

+disp("K = "+string(K)+" J/K")

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")

+disp("T = "+string(T)+"degree_K")

+disp("VT = K*T/e = "+string(K*T/e)+"V") //volt-equivalent temperature

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71e0defa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//Ex1.3

+clc

+disp("fusing current, I = K(d^1.5) Amp.") //formula used for fusing current

+disp("(a)") 

+d=0.0159

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+disp("(b)")

+d=0.0063

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+disp("(c)")

+d=0.0403

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+disp("(d)")

+d=0.0452

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+disp("(e)")

+d=0.0508

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+disp("(f)")

+d=0.162

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"inches") //initializing value of diameter

+I1=10244*(d^1.5);I2=7585*(d^1.5); I3=5320*(d^1.5); I4=3148*(d^1.5); I5=1642*(d^1.5)  //calculation for fusing current

+disp("for Copper, I = 10244*(d^1.5) = "+string(I1)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Aluminum, I = 7585*(d^1.5) = "+string(I2)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Silver, I = 5320*(d^1.5) = "+string(I3)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Iron, I = 3148*(d^1.5) = "+string(I4)+"Amp.")

+disp("for Tin, I = 1642*(d^1.5) = "+string(I5)+"Amp.")

+

+

+

+// note : in part (e) ... calculation for fusing current of silver is wrong.

+// note : in part (f) ... calculation for fusing current of Iron is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41da73e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex1.4

+clc

+A=0.5189*10^-6//wire cross sectional area

+rho=1.725*10^-8//resistivity

+l=100 //wire length

+disp("A ="+string(A)+"merer square") 

+disp("rho ="+string(rho)+"ohm-m")

+disp("l ="+string(l)+"m")

+disp("R = rho*l/A = "+string(rho*l/A)+"ohm") //resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9ab7a545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex1.5

+clc

+A=0.2588*10^-6//wire cross-sectional area

+rho=1.725*10^-8//resistivity

+l=100 //wire length

+disp("A ="+string(A)+"merer square")

+disp("rho ="+string(rho)+"ohm-m")

+disp("l ="+string(l)+"m")

+disp("R = rho*l/A = "+string(rho*l/A)+"ohm") //resistance of wire

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ae88f119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex1.6

+clc

+R1 = 14//resistance at temperature T1 

+alpha=0.005

+T1=20;//initial temperature

+T2=120 //final temperature

+disp("R1 = "+string(R1)+ "ohm; alpha = "+string(alpha)+"; T1 = "+string(T1)+"degreeC; T2 = "+string(T2)+"degreeC")

+disp("R2 = R1(1+(alpha*(T1-T2))) = "+string(R1*(1+(alpha*(T2-T1))))+"ohm") //resistance at temperature T2

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..70782ff0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//EX1.7

+clc

+Ex=3;Ey=4;Ez=2//electric field

+e=1.6*10^-19 //electorn charge

+disp("E = 3ax + 4ay + 2az k V/m")

+disp("e = 1.6*10^-19 C")

+disp("F=eE = "+string(Ex*e*1000)+"ax + "+string(Ey*e*1000)+"ay + "+string(Ez*e*1000)+"az N") //force

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b04df252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Ex1.8

+clc

+F=0.1*10^-12//force applied

+e = 1.6*10^-19//electron charge

+disp("F= "+string(F)+"N ; e = "+string(e)+"C")

+disp("E = F/e ="+string(F/e)+"V/m")//electric field

diff --git a/2534/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/2534/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b53c63fa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex1.9

+clc

+F = 3*(10^-12) //force applied

+E = 5*(10^-6)  //electric field

+disp("F = "+string(F)+"N")

+disp("E = "+string(E)+"V/m")

+disp("Q= F/E = "+string(F/E)+"C") //chage

+

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..00496373a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex10_1

+clc

+Av = 80//voltage gain

+beta = 0.001//feedback ratio

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback

+disp("Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av) = "+string(Avf))

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f59638232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex10_10

+clc

+//parameters of emitter follower circuit:

+hie = 1.1*10^3//input resistance

+hfe = 80//current gain

+hoe = 2*10^-5//output conductance

+Re = 2.2*10^3//emitter resistance

+disp("hie = "+string(hie)+"ohm")

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"mho")

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")

+gm = hfe/hie

+Rif = hie*(1+gm*Re)//input resistance with feedback

+disp("Rif = hie*(1+gm*Re) = "+string(Rif)+"ohm")

+Rof = hie/(1+hfe)//output resistance with feedback

+disp("Rof = hie/(1+hfe) = "+string(Rof)+"ohm")

+Avf = gm*Re/(1+gm*Re)//voltage gain with negative feedback

+disp("Avf = gm*Re/(1+gm*Re) = "+string(Avf))

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0e014044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex10_2

+clc

+Av = 50//voltage gain

+beta = 0.01//feedback ratio

+BW = 100*10^3//bandwidth

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+disp("Bandwidth = "+string(BW)+"Hz")

+Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback

+disp("Avf = Av/(1+beta*Av) = "+string(Avf))

+BWf = BW*(1+beta*Av)//bandwidth with negative feedback

+disp("(B.W)f = "+string(BWf)+"Hz")

+

+

+// note : using variable "BW" instad of "B.W" ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.

+// similarly using "BWf" instead of (B.W)f.

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d702d97e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex10_3

+clc

+Av = 200// voltage gain

+D = 0.05// harmonic distortion in amplifier

+Df = 0.02//final reduced distortion

+beta = (D/Df-1)/Av//feedback gain

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+disp("D = "+string(D))

+disp("Df = "+string(Df))

+disp("beta = (D/Df - 1)/Av = "+string(beta))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta*100)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1af98a93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex10_4

+clc

+Av1 = 100//initial voltage gain

+beta = 0.001//feedback ratio

+disp("Av1 = "+string(Av1))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+Af1 = Av1/(1+beta*Av1)//initial gain with negative feedback

+disp("Af1 = Av1/(1+beta*Av1) = "+string(Af1))

+

+Av2 = 150//final voltage gain

+beta = 0.001//feedback ratio

+disp("Av2 = "+string(Av2))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+Af2 = Av2/(1+beta*Av2)//final gain with negative feedback

+disp("Af2 = Av2/(1+beta*Av2) = "+string(Af2))

+

+change_in_gain = Af2 - Af1//required change in gain

+disp("change in gain required = Af2 - Af1 = "+string(change_in_gain))

+delta_Avf = change_in_gain/Af1

+disp("delta_Avf = Af2-Af1/Af1 = "+string(delta_Avf)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04e9c94fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex10_5

+clc

+Av = 40//voltage gain in decibles

+disp("Av = "+string(Av)+"dB")

+Av = 10^(Av/20)//voltage gain in V/V

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+Avf = 20//voltage gain with negative feedback in decibles

+disp("Avf = "+string(Avf)+"dB")

+Avf = 10^(Avf/20)//voltage gain with negative feedback in V/V

+disp("Avf = "+string(Avf))

+beta = ((Av/Avf)-1)/Av//feedback ratio

+disp("beta = (Av/Avf - 1)/Av = "+string(beta))

+

+

+

+// note: solution in the textbook for the above problem is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d7d7e057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex10_6

+clc

+Av = 100//voltage gain

+beta = 0.05//feedback ratio

+BW = 400*10^3 //bandwidth

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+disp("B.W. = "+string(BW)+"Hz")

+Af = Av/(1+beta*Av)//gain with negative feedback

+disp("Af = Av/(1+beta*Av) = "+string(Af))

+BWf = BW*(1+beta*Av)//bandwidth with negative feedback

+disp("(B.W)f = "+string(BWf)+"Hz")

+

+

+// note : using variable "BW" instad of "B.W" ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.

+// similarly using "BWf" instead of (B.W)f.

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e0e2834c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex10_7

+clc

+Po = 100//output power

+RL = 10//load resistance

+disp("Po = "+string(Po)+"W")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+vo = (RL*Po)^0.5//output voltage

+vi = 2//input voltage

+disp("vo = (Rl*Po)^0.5 = "+string(vo)+"V")

+disp("vi = "+string(vi)+"V")

+Av = vo/vi//voltage gain

+disp("Av = vo/vi = "+string(Av))

+D = 0.04// harmonic distortion in amplifier

+Df = 0.0002//distortion after feedback

+beta = (D/Df-1)/Av//feedback gain

+disp("D = "+string(D))

+disp("Df = "+string(Df))

+disp("beta = (D/Df - 1)/Av = "+string(beta))

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4186357d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex10_8

+clc

+BW = 500*10^3//bandwidth

+A = 200//gain of amplifier

+BWf = 2*10^6//bandwidth with negative feedback

+disp("B.W = "+string(BW)+"HZ")

+disp("A = "+string(A))

+disp("(B.W)f = "+string(BWf)+"Hz")

+beta = ((BWf/BW)-1)/A//feedback ratio

+disp("beta = ((B.W)f/B.W - 1)/A = "+string(beta))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta*100)+"%")

+

+// note : using variable "BW" instad of "B.W" ... as, if using B.W the software takes it as a function.

+// similarly using "BWf" instead of (B.W)f.

diff --git a/2534/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/2534/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb4e408d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex10_9

+clc

+A = 150//gain of amplifier

+beta = 0.05//feedback ratio

+disp("A = "+string(A))

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+Af = A/(1+beta*A)//gain with negative feedback

+disp("Af = A/(1+beta*A) = "+string(Af))

+fL = 20*10^3//lower 3dB frequency

+fU = 160*10^3//upper 3dB frequency

+disp("fL = "+string(fL)+"Hz")

+disp("fU = "+string(fU)+"Hz")

+fLf = fL/(1+beta*A)//lower 3dB gain with negative feedback

+disp("fLf = fL/(1+beta*A) = "+string(fLf)+"Hz")

+fUf = fU*(1+beta*A)//upper 3dB gain with negative feedback

+disp("fUf = fU*(1+beta*A) = "+string(fUf)+"Hz")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9031957d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//Ex11_1

+clc

+VCC = 20//collector voltage

+RL = 12//load resistance

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+Pi_dc = (VCC^2)/(2*RL)//input power

+disp("Pi(dc) = (VCC^2)/(2*RL) = "+string(Pi_dc)+"W")

+Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(8*RL)//output power

+disp("Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(8*RL) = "+string(Po_ac)+"W")

+eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency

+disp("eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = "+string(eta*100)+"%")

+

+

+// note : has modifed variables:

+//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)

+//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc).

+

+// note: there is a misprinting in the above problem given in the textbook 

+//       author want to ask for efficiency instead of frequency.

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5d94e961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.10/Ex11_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex11_10

+clc

+VCC = 18//collector voltage

+Vp = 15//output peak voltage

+RL = 12//load resistnce

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+Ip = Vp/RL//output peak current

+Idc = (2/%pi)*Ip//input direct current

+disp("Ip = Vp/RL = "+string(Ip)+"A")

+disp("Idc = (2/%pi)*Ip = "+string(Idc)+"A")

+Pi_dc = VCC*Idc//input power

+disp("Pi_dc = VCC*Idc = "+string(Pi_dc)+"W")

+Po_ac = (Vp^2)/(2*RL)//output power

+disp("Po_ac = (Vp^2)/(2*RL) = "+string(Po_ac)+"W")

+eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency

+disp("eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = "+string(eta*100)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01da3bdc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.11/Ex11_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex11_11

+clc

+Vop_p = 7//peak to peap output voltage

+Vip_p = 100*10^-3//peak to peap input voltage

+Av = Vop_p/Vip_p

+disp("Av = output voltage/input voltage")

+disp("   = "+string(Av))//voltage gain

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ee1a3e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.12/Ex11_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex11_12

+clc

+Ai = 50//current gain

+Av = 70//voltage gain

+disp("Ai = "+string(Ai))

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))

+Ap = Ai*Av//power gain

+disp("Ap = Ai*Av = "+string(Ap))

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.13/Ex11_13.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.13/Ex11_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b1887ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.13/Ex11_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex11_13

+clc

+vc = 9//collector voltage

+ic = 3*10^-3//collector current

+Pd = vc*ic//power dissipated at collector junction

+disp("vc = "+string(vc)+"V")

+disp("ic = "+string(ic)+"A")

+disp("Pd = vc*ic = "+string(Pd)+"W")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.14/Ex11_14.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.14/Ex11_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b55484caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.14/Ex11_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex11_14

+clc

+Pac = 3.2*10^-3//output power

+Pd = 27*10^-3//power dissipated collector junction

+P_eta = Pac/Pd//power efficiency

+disp("Pac = "+string(Pac)+"W")

+disp("Pd = "+string(Pd)+"W")

+disp("P_eta = Pac/Pd = "+string(P_eta*100)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a11d05350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex11_2

+clc

+Po_ac = 64//output power

+eta = 0.3//efficiency

+Pi_dc = Po_ac/eta//input power

+disp("Po_ac = "+string(Po_ac)+"W")

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+disp("Pi_dc = Po_ac/eta = "+string(Pi_dc)+"W")

+power_losses = Pi_dc - Po_ac//power losses

+disp("Power losses = Pi_dc - Po_ac = "+string(power_losses)+"W")

+

+// note : has modifed variables:

+//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)

+//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc).

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95924b337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex11_3

+clc

+VCEmax = 18// highest value for collector emitter voltage

+VCEmin = 2// lowest value for collector emitter voltage

+VQ = 9//operating point voltage

+disp("VCEmin = "+string(VCEmin)+"V")

+disp("VCEmax = "+string(VCEmax)+"V")

+disp("VQ = "+string(VQ)+"V")

+D2 = [(1/2)*(VCEmax + VCEmin) - VQ]/(VCEmax - VCEmin)*100//second harmonic distortion

+disp("D2 = [(1/2)*(VCEmax + VCEmin) - VQ]/(VCEmax - VCEmin)*100")

+disp("   ="+string(D2)+"%")

+

+// note : for above problem there is a misprint for the formula given in solution in the textbook

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..815685ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//Ex11_4

+clc

+//according to the given eqution for output current, we have:

+I1 = 5.0

+I2 = 0.9

+I3 = 0.6

+I4 = 0.3

+I5 = 0.01

+D2 = I2/I1// second harmonic distortion

+D3 = I3/I1//third harmonic distortion

+D4 = I4/I1//fourth harmonic distortion

+D5 = I5/I1//fifth harmonic distortion

+disp("I1 = "+string(I1)+"A")

+disp("I2 = "+string(I2)+"A")

+disp("I3 = "+string(I3)+"A")

+disp("I4 = "+string(I4)+"A")

+disp("I5 = "+string(I5)+"A")

+disp("D2 = I2/I1 = "+string(D2))

+disp("D3 = I3/I1 = "+string(D3))

+disp("D4 = I4/I1 = "+string(D4))

+disp("D5 = I5/I1 = "+string(D5))

+D = [(D2^2)+(D3^2)+(D4^2)+(D5^2)]^(1/2)//total harmonic distortion

+disp("D = [(D2^2)+(D3^2)+(D4^2)+(D5^2)]^(1/2) = "+string(D*100)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea5b18ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex11_5

+clc

+VCC = 9//collector voltage

+Vp = 5//output peak voltage

+VQ = VCC//operating point

+VCEmax = VQ + Vp// maximum value of collector emitter voltage

+VCEmin = VQ - Vp// minimum value of collector emitter voltage

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("VQ = VCC = "+string(VQ)+"V")

+disp("VCEmax = VQ + Vp = "+string(VCEmax)+"V")

+disp("VCEmin = VQ - Vp = "+string(VCEmin)+"V")

+eta = 50*[(VCEmax - VCEmin)/(VCEmax + VCEmin)]//amplifier efficiency

+disp("eta = 50*[(VCEmax - VCEmin)/(VCEmax + VCEmin)] = "+string(eta)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5536ddbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex11_6

+clc

+VCC = 20//collector voltage

+RL = 10//load resistance

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+Pi_dc = (VCC^2)/(RL)//input power

+disp("Pi(dc) = (VCC^2)/(RL) = "+string(Pi_dc)+"W")

+Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(2*RL)//output power

+disp("Po_ac = (VCC^2)/(2*RL) = "+string(Po_ac)+"W")

+eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency

+disp("eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = "+string(eta*100)+"%")

+

+

+// note : has modifed variables:

+//        using Po_ac instead of Po(ac)

+//        and   Pi_dc instead of Pi(dc).

+

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a92cddd06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex11_7

+clc

+RL = 3.6*10^3//output impedence of power amplifier

+RL_dash = 4//resistance of speaker

+n = (RL/RL_dash)^.5//turns ratio

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm") 

+disp("RL_dash = "+string(RL_dash)+"ohm") 

+disp("n = RL/RL_dash = "+string(n)) 

+disp("turn ratio = "+string((numer(n)))+": "+string(denom(n)))

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b3bc5f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex11_8

+clc

+VCC = 15//collector voltage

+Vp = 12//output peak voltage

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+eta = 78.5*(Vp/VCC)//amplifier efficiency

+disp("eta = 78.5*(Vp/VCC) = "+string(eta)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce b/2534/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45104ba81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH11/EX11.9/Ex11_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex11_9

+clc

+VCC = 25//collector voltage

+Vi = 9//inout rms voltage

+RL = 10//load resistnce

+Vi_peak = 1.414*Vi//input peak voltage

+Vo = Vi_peak//output peak voltage

+Po_ac = (Vo^2)/(2*RL)//output power

+Io = Vo/RL//output current

+IC = (2/%pi)*Io//collector current

+Pi_dc = VCC*IC//input power

+eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc//efficiency

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+disp("Vi = "+string(Vi)+"V")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+disp("Vi_peak = (2^2)Vi = "+string(Vi_peak)+"V")

+disp("Vo = Vi_peak = "+string(Vo)+"V")

+disp("Po_ac = (Vo^2)/(2*RL) = "+string(Po_ac)+"W")

+disp("Io = Vo/RL = "+string(Io)+"A")

+disp("IC = (2/%pi)*Io = "+string(IC)+"A")

+disp("Pi_dc = VCC*IC = "+string(Pi_dc)+"W")

+disp("eta = Po_ac/Pi_dc = "+string(eta*100)+"%")

diff --git a/2534/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/2534/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9b158eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex13_1

+clc

+A = 100//amplification gain

+A_Beta = 1//for sustain oscillation 

+Beta = A_Beta/A//feeback ratio

+disp("A = "+string(A))

+disp("A_Beta = "+string(A_Beta))

+disp("Beta = "+string(Beta))

diff --git a/2534/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/2534/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bfa05822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex13_2

+clc

+Rf = 0.5*10^6//feeback resistance

+Cf = 100*10^-12//capacitance across feedback

+Rc = 0.5*10^6//critical resistance

+f0 = 1/[2*%pi*Rf*Cf*(6+4*(Rc/Rf))^(1/2)]//frequency of oscillation

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")

+disp("Cf = "+string(Cf)+"F")

+disp("Rc = "+string(Rc)+"ohm")

+disp("f0 = 1/[2*pi*Rf*Cf*(6+4*(Rc/Rf))^(1/2)] = "+string(f0)+"Hz")

diff --git a/2534/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/2534/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65974b03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex13_3

+clc

+Rf = 1.5*10^6//feeback resistance

+Cf = 1*10^-9//capacitance across feedback

+f0 = 1/(2*%pi*Rf*Cf)//frequency of oscillation

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")

+disp("Cf = "+string(Cf)+"F")

+disp("f0 = 1/(2*pi*Rf*Cf) = "+string(f0)+"Hz")

diff --git a/2534/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/2534/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c12910cc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex13_4

+clc

+C1 = 1*10^-9//capacitance of capacitor 1

+C2 = 10*10^-9//capacitance of capacitor 2

+L = 110*10^-6//inductance of inductor

+beta = C1/C2//feedback factor

+f0 = ((C1+C2)/(C1*C2*L))^.5/(2*%pi)//operating frequency

+disp("C1 = "+string(C1)+"F")

+disp("C2 = "+string(C2)+"F")

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"H")

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))

+disp("f0 = ((C1+C2)/(C1*C2*L))^.5/(2*pi) = "+string(f0)+"Hz")

+

+//note : unit given for inductance "L" is wrong in the textook for the above question.

diff --git a/2534/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/2534/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb94fbbb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex14_1

+clc

+Ad = 100//differential gain

+Ac = 0.01//common mode gain

+CMRR = Ad/Ac//Common Mode Rejection Ratio

+CMRR_dB = 20*log10(CMRR)//Common Mode Rejection Ratio in decibles

+disp("Ad = "+string(Ad))

+disp("Ac = "+string(Ac))

+disp("CMRR = Ad/Ac = "+string(CMRR))

+disp("CMRR = "+string(CMRR_dB)+"dB")

diff --git a/2534/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/2534/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3aec5896c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Ex14_2

+clc

+CMRR_dB = 100//Common Mode Rejection Ratio in decibles

+CMRR = 10^(100/20)//CMRR as a ratio

+disp("CMRR = "+string(CMRR_dB)+"dB")

+disp("CMRR = 10^(100/20) = "+string(CMRR))

diff --git a/2534/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/2534/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca4d524a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex14_3

+clc

+Rf = 10*10^3//feedback resistance

+R1 = 10*10^3//resistance 1

+R2 = 2*10^3//resistance 2

+v1 = 10//input voltage across resistance 1

+v2 = 4//input voltage across resistance 2

+//note: according to the given fig. in the textbook for the question we have:

+

+vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2))//output voltage of adder circuit

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")

+disp("R1 = "+string(R1)+"ohm")

+disp("R2 = "+string(R2)+"ohm")

+disp("v1 = "+string(v1)+"V")

+disp("v2 = "+string(v2)+"V")

+disp("vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)) = "+string(vo)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/2534/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5aed62b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex14_4

+clc

+Rf = 1*10^3//feedback resistance

+R1 = 1*10^3//resistance 1

+R2 = 1*10^3//resistance 2

+R3 = 1*10^3//resistance 3

+v1 = 2//input voltage 1

+v2 = 1//input voltage 2

+v3 = 3//input voltage 3

+vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)+(v3/R3))//output voltage of adder circuit

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")

+disp("R1 = "+string(R1)+"ohm")

+disp("R2 = "+string(R2)+"ohm")

+disp("R3 = "+string(R3)+"ohm")

+disp("v1 = "+string(v1)+"V")

+disp("v2 = "+string(v2)+"V")

+disp("v3 = "+string(v3)+"V")

+disp("vo = -Rf*((v1/R1)+(v2/R2)+(v3/R3)) = "+string(vo)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce b/2534/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eebd1134e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex14_7

+clc

+Af = -20//closed loop gain of op-amp

+R = 10*10^3//output resistance

+Rf = -Af*R//feedback resistance

+disp("Af = "+string(Af))

+disp("R = "+string(R)+"ohm")

+disp("Rf = -Af/R = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7a99d55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//Ex2_1

+clc

+Q = 2*10^-6; V = 10 

+disp("Q = "+string(Q)+"C")// charge

+disp("V = "+string(V)+"V") //voltage

+disp("C = Q/V = "+string(Q/V)+"F")//calculation for capacitance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..587726c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex2_10

+clc

+C = 10*10^-6

+V = 100

+W = C*(V^2)/2

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("V = "+string(V)+"V")//voltage

+disp("W = C*(V^2)/2 = "+string(W)+"Joules")//calculating for energy stored

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c6573611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex2_11

+clc

+C = 10*10^-6

+delta_V = 100

+delta_t = 10

+ic = C*delta_V/delta_t

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("delta_V = "+string(delta_V)+"V")//change in voltage

+disp("delta_t = "+string(delta_t)+"sec")//change in time

+disp("ic = C*(delta delta_V/delta_t) = "+string(ic)+"A")//calculation for instantaneous current

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..751860fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex2_12

+clc

+Ii = 10

+If = 15

+delta_t = 2

+dI = Ii - If

+disp("Ii = "+string(Ii)+"A")//initial current

+disp("If = "+string(If)+"A")//final current

+disp("delta_t = "+string(delta_t)+"sec")//time taken to change current

+disp("dI/dt = "+string(abs(dI)/delta_t)+"Amp/sec.")//calculation for rate of change of current

+//wronge answer given in the textbook i.e. 0.5 Amp/sec.

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f503f84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex2_13

+clc

+r = 5.0//rate of current change

+vL = 50//induced voltage

+L = vL/(r)

+disp("diL/dt = "+string(r)+"A/s")//rate of current change 

+disp("vL = "+string(vL)+"V")

+disp("vL = L*(diL/dt)") 

+disp("L = vL/(diL/dt) = "+string(L)+" Henry")//calculation for inductane

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cc0ed34c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex2_14

+clc

+I = 5

+L = 5

+WL = L*(I^2)/2

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")//current flow

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"H")//inductance

+disp("WL= "+string(WL)+"joules")//energy stored

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..046c4b2d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex2_15

+clc

+flux1 = 100*10^-6

+flux2 = 50*10^-6

+flux12 = flux1 - flux2

+disp("flux1 = "+string(flux1)+"Wb")//flux of coil 1

+disp("flux2 = "+string(flux2)+"Wb")//flux of coil 2

+disp("K = flux linkage between coil 1 and coil 2/flux of coil 1")//coefficient of coupling

+disp("  = "+string(flux12/flux1))

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..617e14551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex2_16

+clc

+L1 = 100*10^-3

+L2 = 50*10^-3

+K = 0.3

+M = K*(L1*L2)^0.5

+disp("L1 = "+string(L1)+"H")//inductance of coil 1

+disp("L2 = "+string(L2)+"H")//inductance of coil 2

+disp("K = "+string(K))//coefficient of coupling

+disp("M = K*(L1*L2)^0.5")

+disp("M = "+string(M)+"H")//mutual inductance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c193d919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex2_17

+clc

+L1 = 10*10^-3

+L2 = 15*10^-3

+LT = L1 + L2

+disp("L1 = "+string(L1)+"H")//inductance of coil 1

+disp("L2 = "+string(L2)+"H")//inductance of coil 2

+disp("LT = L1+L2 = "+string(LT)+"H")//series inductance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebaa03689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex2_18

+clc

+L1 = 1*10^-3

+L2 = 5*10^-3

+LT = (L1*L2)/(L1+L2)

+disp("L1 = "+string(L1)+"H")//inductance of coil 1

+disp("L2 = "+string(L2)+"H")//inductance of coil 2

+disp("1/LT = 1/L1 + 1/L2")

+disp("LT = (L1*L2)/(L1+L2) = "+string(LT)+"H")//parallel inductance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1559e54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex2_19

+clc

+VNL = 50

+VL = 40

+IL = 4

+Rs = (VNL - VL)/IL

+disp("VNL  = "+string(VNL)+"V")//no load voltage

+disp("VL  = "+string(VL)+"V")//load voltage

+disp("IL  = "+string(IL)+"A")//load current

+disp("Rs = (VNL - VL)/IL = "+string(Rs)+"ohm")//source resistane

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55e7afacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex2_2

+clc

+C= 10*10^-6

+V = 10

+disp("C ="+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("V = "+string(V)+"V")//voltage

+disp("Q = C*V = "+string(C*V)+"C")//calculation for charge

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..457703173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//Ex2_20

+clc

+V = 2.5

+disp("V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = "+string(V)+"V")//four batteries of equal voltage connected in series

+disp("VT = V1+V2+V3+V4 = "+string(V+V+V+V)+"V")//resultant voltage(series voltage)

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4e725572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//Ex2_20

+clc

+V = 2

+disp("V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = "+string(V)+"V")//four batteries of equal voltage connected in series

+disp("VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = V4 = "+string(V)+"V")//parallel voltage

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7535622b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//Ex2_22

+clc

+//considering the fig. 2.17 given in the question 

+R1 = 1

+R2 = 3

+R3 = 2

+V = 20

+disp("R1 ="+string(R1)+"ohm")//value of resitance R1

+disp("R2 ="+string(R2)+"ohm")//value of resitance R2

+disp("R3 ="+string(R3)+"ohm")//value of resitance R3(across A and B terminals, 

+                            //across which thevenin equivalate circuit is need to determine)

+disp("V ="+string(V)+"V")//value of D.C. voltage applied

+

+//TO FIND THEVENIN'S RESISTANCE (RTH),.. 

+//CONSIDERING FIG 2.17

+// WE REMOVE THE RESISTANCE (R1) ACROSS LOAD TERMINAL AB I.E. 

+//AND ALSO WE SHORT THE VOLTAGE SOURCE

+//NOW ACCORDING TO MODIFIED CIRCUIT

+

+disp("1/RTH = 1/R3 + 1/R2 = "+string(1/((1/R3)+(1/R2)))+"ohm")//R1 and R2 are in parallel

+

+//TO FIND THEVENIN VOLTAGE (VTH),.. 

+//CONSIDERING FIG 2.17

+//WE DISCONNECT LOAD RESISTANCE (R1) AND MADE  TERMINAL AB OPEN CIRCUIT

+//ACCORDING TO MODIFIED CIRCUIT

+

+//applying KVL in the loop, to find the amount of current flowing in circuit

+//taking current as 'I' amperes

+

+disp("V = (R3*I)+(R2*I)")

+I = V/(R2+R3)

+disp("or, I = V/(R2+R3) = "+string(I)+"amperes")

+//Voltage drop across R2 resistance = Thevenin voltage

+//thus, voltage across AB i.e., thevenin voltage, is given as

+disp("VTH = R2*I = "+string(R2*I)+"V")

+

+//  NOTE :  Notations used in the program are as mentioned in the main fig. 2.17

+

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4eaab344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex2_3

+clc

+Q = 5*10^-12

+V = 50

+disp("Q = "+string(Q)+"C")//charge

+disp("V = "+string(V)+"V")//voltage

+disp("C = Q/V = "+string(Q/V)+"F")//calculation for capacitance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1356e1854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex2_4

+clc

+I = 10*10^-6

+t= 10

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")//current

+disp("t = "+string(t)+"seconds")//time

+disp("Q = I*t = "+string(I*t)+"C")//calculation for charge

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e5a67faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex2_5

+clc

+C = 2.0*10^-6

+t= 2

+I = 10*10^-6

+Q = I*t

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("t = "+string(t)+"seconds")//time

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")//current

+disp("Q = I*t = "+string(Q)+"C")//calculation for charge

+disp("V = Q/C = "+string(Q/C)+"V")//calculation for voltage

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4a044db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex2_6

+clc

+C = 12* 10^ -6

+f = 1.0*10^3

+Xc = 1/(2*%pi*f*C)

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("at... f = "+string(f)+"Hz")//frequency

+disp("Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = "+string(1/(2*%pi*f*C))+"ohm")//calculation for capacitive reactance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ad62d054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex2_7

+clc

+C = 0.2*10^-6

+f1 = 1.0*10^3

+f2 = 50

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("at... f = "+string(f1)+"Hz")//frequency

+disp("Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = "+string(1/(2*%pi*f1*C))+"ohm")//calculation for capacitive reactance

+disp("at... f = "+string(f2)+"Hz")//frequency

+disp("Xc = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = "+string(1/(2*%pi*f2*C))+"ohm")//calculation for capacitive reactance

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e0e5c61e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex2_8

+clc

+C1 = 0.5*10^-6

+C2 = 0.5*10^-6

+CT = (C1*C2)/(C1+C2)

+disp("C1 = "+string(C1)+"F")//capacitance 1

+disp("C1 = "+string(C1)+"F")//capacitance 2

+disp("1/CT = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = (C1*C2)/(C1+C2) = "+string(C1*C2/(C1+C2))+"F")//series capacitance

+// proper ans. = 0.25*10^-6F

diff --git a/2534/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/2534/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a7ee20b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex2_9

+clc

+C1 = 0.2*10^-12

+C2 = 0.6*10^-12

+C3 = 1.0*10^-12

+disp("C1 = "+string(C1)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("C2 = "+string(C2)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("C3 = "+string(C3)+"F")//capacitance

+disp("CT = C1+C2+C3 = "+string(C1+C2+C3)+"F")//parallel capacitance

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c8e73b38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.1/EX3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex3_1

+clc

+E = 20*10^3

+e = -(1.6*10^-19)

+F = e*E

+disp("E = "+string(E)+"ax V/m")//initializing electic field

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//intializing electron charge

+disp("F = eE = "+string(F)+"ax N")//calculation for force on electron due to electric field

+

+//  NOTE : answer provided in the textbook is wrong Correct answer is, -3.2*10^16ax N

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84957d3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex3_10

+clc

+l = .03

+d = 0.01

+L = 0.18

+Va = 1000

+disp("l = "+string(l)+"m")//lenght of deflection plate

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"m")//plate separation

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"m")//distance of screen from plate

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//anode voltage

+SE = (l*L)/(2*d*Va)

+disp("SE = (l*L)/(2*d*Va) = "+string(SE)+"m/V")

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba09941db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex3_11

+clc

+disp("fm = BIL")//formula used for finding FORCE ON CURRENT ELEMENT

+B = 2.0

+IL = 10*10^-3

+fm = B*IL

+disp("B = "+string(B)+"Wb/m-sq")//magnetic field

+disp("IL = "+string(IL)+"A-m")//current element

+disp("fm ="+string(fm)+"Newton")//answer displayed

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..20dcee0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex3_12

+clc

+disp("v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5")//formula used to calculate velocity of electrons

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+m = 9.1*10^-31

+Va = 3.0*10^3

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("m = "+string(m)+"Kg")//mass of electron

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//potential difference = anode voltage

+v = abs((2*e*Va/m))^.5

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"m/s")

+W = e*Va//kinetic energy

+disp("W = e*Va = "+string(W)+"joules")//Kinetic energy

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbf60b857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex3_13

+clc

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+m = 9.1*10^-31

+Va = 400

+v = (abs(2*e*Va/m))^.5

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("m = "+string(m)+"Kg")//mass of electron

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//anode voltage

+disp("v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5 = "+string(v)+"m/s")//formula used to calculate velocity of electrons

+//as electron traces a circular path, radius of circular path

+H = 47.75

+micro_not = 4*%pi*10^-7

+B = H*micro_not

+disp("B = "+string(B)+"Wb/m-sq")

+r = (v/(e/m)/B)

+disp("r = (v/(e/m))/B = "+string(r)+"m")

+

+//  NOTE : Question is incompletely solved in the textbook

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c2e39ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Ex3_14

+clc

+l = 22

+d = 1.5

+Va = 625

+e = 1.6*10^-19

+m = 9.1*10^-31

+disp("l = "+string(l)+"cm")//distance from location of magnetic field

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"cm")//length over which magnetic field is present

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//voltage applied to anode

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("m = "+string(m)+"Kg")//mass of electron

+SH = l*10^-2*d*10^-2*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5

+disp("SH = D/B = l*d*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5 = "+string(SH)+"m/tesla")//magnetic deflection sensitivity in terms of meter and tesla

+// as B = micro_not*H

+micro_not = 4*%pi*10^-7

+disp("SH = D/H = micro_not*l*d*(e/(2*m*Va))^.5 = "+string(SH*micro_not)+"m-sq/Amp.")//magnetic deflection sensitivity in terms of meter and amperes

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06db83564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//Ex3_15

+clc

+Vd = 50

+d = 1

+disp("(a)")

+disp("Vd = "+string(Vd)+"V")//voltage applied to deflection plates

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"cm")//plate separation

+E = Vd/d/10^-2

+disp("E = Vd/d = "+string(E)+"V/m")//electric field produced

+

+disp("(b)")

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+m = 9.1*10^-31

+Va = 500

+v = abs((2*e*Va/m))^.5

+disp("v = (2*e*Va/m)^.5")// formula for Velocity OF Electron

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("m = "+string(m)+"Kg")//mass of electron

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//voltage applied at anode

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"m/s")

+

+disp("(c)")

+l = 2

+L = 30

+Va = 500

+SE = l*L/2/Va/d*10

+disp("l = "+string(l)+"cm")//length of deflection plate

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"cm")//distance between plates and screen

+disp("d = "+string(d)+"cm")//plate separation

+disp("Va = "+string(Va)+"V")//anode voltage

+disp("SE = (l*L)/(2*Va*d) = "+string(SE)+"mm/volts")//Electrostatic deflection sensitivity

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cf3afa77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex3_16

+clc

+//considering Lissajous pattern given in question

+y1 = 0

+y2 = 5

+phi = asind(y1/y2)

+disp("y1 = "+string(y1)+"cm")//minor axis

+disp("y2 = "+string(y2)+"cm")//major axis

+disp("phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = "+string(phi)+"degree")//phase difference

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e139ff38d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex3_17

+clc

+//considering Lissajous pattern given in question

+y1 = 4

+y2 = 5

+phi = asind(y1/y2)

+disp("y1 = "+string(y1)+"unit")//minor axis

+disp("y2 = "+string(y2)+"unit")//major axis

+disp("phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = "+string(phi)+"degree")//phase difference

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27d57c73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Ex3_16

+clc

+//considering Lissajous pattern given in question

+y1 = 4

+y2 = 4

+phi = asind(y1/y2)

+disp("y1 = "+string(y1)+"cm")//minor axis

+disp("y2 = "+string(y2)+"cm")//major axis

+disp("phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = "+string(phi)+"degree")//phase difference

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bebeef0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex3_16

+clc

+//considering Lissajous pattern given in question

+y1 = 2

+y2 = 6

+phi = asind(y1/y2)

+disp("y1 = "+string(y1)+"cm")//minor axis

+disp("y2 = "+string(y2)+"cm")//major axis

+disp("phi = sin-1(y1/y2) = "+string(phi)+"degree")//phase difference

+disp("OR")

+phi = 180 - phi

+disp("phi = "+string(phi)+"degree")

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c7b44726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex3_2

+clc

+E = 50*10^3

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+N = 10^6

+F = N*e*E

+disp("E = "+string(E)+"az V/m")//value of Electric field applied

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//value of eletron charge

+disp("N = "+string(N))//total number of charge

+disp("F = NeE = "+string(F)+"az N")//force on electron

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..067064cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex3_3

+clc

+v = 5*10^6

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+B = 20*10^-6

+F = e*v*B

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"m/s")//velocity of electron

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//charge of electron

+disp("B = "+string(B)+"Wb/m-sq")//magnetic field

+disp("F = e(VxB) = e*v*B = "+string(F)+"N")//force on the electron due to field

+

+

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..11b66cff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex3_4

+clc

+Bx = 40*10^-6

+By = 10*10^-6

+N = 10^6

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+v = 8*10^6

+disp("B = "+string(Bx)+"ax + "+string(By)+"ay Wb/m-sq")//magnetic field

+disp("N = "+string(N))//number of electrons

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"ax m/s")//velocity of electron

+disp("F = Q(VxB) = "+string(e*N*v*By)+" az N")//force on electron

+//as we are taking curl of V and B,.. thus Vx X Bx = 0

+//force will be only due to V x By.

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c0c23432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex3_5

+clc

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+n = 10^6

+v = 5*10^6

+J = n*e*v

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//charge of electrons

+disp("n = "+string(n)+" /m-cube")//electron density

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"m/s")//electron velocity

+disp("J = nev = "+string(abs(J))+"A/m-sq")//current density

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bb1becd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex3_6

+clc

+v = 2*10^7

+e = -1.6*10^-19

+n = 10^8

+J = n*e*v

+disp("v = "+string(v)+"m/s")//velocity of electron

+disp("e = "+string(e)+"C")//electron charge

+disp("n = "+string(n)+" /m-cube")//electron density

+disp("J = nev = "+string(abs(J))+"A/m-sq")//current density

+

+//note: formula for current density in the solution in the textbook is misprinted 

+//      also the answer is provide in the textbook for above problem is misprinted.

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9766bc703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex3_7

+clc

+l = 4//cycle length

+t = 10*10^-6//scale setting

+T = l*t//time period for full cycle

+disp("T = "+string(T)+" s")

+disp("Frequency = 1/T = "+string(1/T)+"Hz")//frequency of the signal

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2e0f9cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex3_8

+clc

+Vpp = 4.2*10*10^-3//peak to peak voltage of sinusoidal signal  //notation not used in textbook

+Vm = Vpp/2//maximum positive voltage

+Vrms = Vm/(2^.5)//root mean square value of voltage

+disp("Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")

+disp("Vrms = Vm/(2^.5) = "+string(Vrms)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/2534/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..70136e95f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex3_9

+clc

+V = 4.5*10^-3//applied dc voltage

+r = 100// given resistance

+I = V/r//flow of current

+disp("DC voltage = "+string(V)+"V")

+disp("The current in 100 ohm = "+string(I)+"A")

diff --git a/2534/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2534/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d961a9151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Ex4_1

+clc

+Irs = 0.2*10^-6

+Vf = 0.1

+VT = 26*10^-3

+eta = 1//for germanium

+I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)

+disp("Irs = "+string(Irs)+"A")//reverse saturation current

+disp("Vf = "+string(Vf)+"V")//applied voltage

+disp("VT = "+string(VT)+"V")//voltage at room temperature

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+disp("I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)")//current at room temperature

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")

+

+//current in silicon:

+eta = 2//for silicon

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+I = Irs*(exp(Vf/eta/VT)-1)

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")

+

+

+

+

+// note: incomplete solution in textbook for above question.

diff --git a/2534/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2534/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f453139f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex4_2

+clc

+Irs = 2.0*10^-6

+I = 10*10^-3

+VT = 26*10^-3

+eta = 2//for silicon

+disp("Irs = "+string(Irs)+"A")//reverse saturation current

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")//forward current

+disp("VT = "+string(VT)+"V")//voltage at room temperature

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+Vf = eta*VT*log((I/Irs)+1)//voltage produced

+disp("Vf = eta*VT*log((I/Irs)+1) = "+string(Vf)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2534/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..803c68380
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex4_3

+clc

+If = 3*10^-3//forward current

+eta = 1//for germanium

+T = 300//room temperature

+VT = T/11600//voltage at room temperature

+disp("If = "+string(If)+"A")

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+disp("T = "+string(T)+"degreeK")

+disp("VT = "+string(VT)+"V")

+Rdf = (eta*VT/If)//dynamic resistance at room temprature

+disp("Rdf = (eta*VT/If) = "+string(Rdf)+"ohm")

diff --git a/2534/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2534/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2612e9b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex4_4

+clc

+A = 4*10^-6

+W = 1.5*10^-6

+apsilent_r = 16//for germanium

+apsilent_not = 8.85*10^-12//permitivity in vaccum

+disp("A = "+string(A)+"m_sq")//cross sectional are

+disp("W = "+string(W)+"m")//width of depletion layer

+disp("apsient_r = "+string(apsilent_r))//relative permittivity

+disp("CT = apsilent*A/W")//transition capacitance

+disp("   = "+string(apsilent_r*apsilent_not*A/W)+"F")

+

+

+// note: units given in textbook in the solution for cross sectional area and width are misprinted.

diff --git a/2534/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2534/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44981edb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex4_5

+clc

+I = 10*10^-3

+eta = 1//for germanium

+VT = 26*10^-3

+tawo = 6*10^-3

+CD = I*tawo/eta/VT

+disp("I = "+string(I)+"A")//forward current

+disp("eta = "+string(eta))

+disp("VT = "+string(VT)+"V")//voltagr at room temperature

+disp("tawo = "+string(tawo)+"sec")//mean lifetime

+disp("CD = I*tao/eta/VT = "+string(CD)+"F")//

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff977a7fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex5_

+clc

+Vm = 24

+RL = 1.8*10^3

+Im = Vm/RL

+Irms = Im/2

+Idc = Im/(%pi)

+r = ((Irms/Idc)^2 - 1)^.5

+disp("Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")//applied voltage to half wave rectifier

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Im = Vm/RL = "+string(Im)+"A")//peak current

+disp("Irms = Im/2 = "+string(Irms)+"A")//rms current

+disp("Idc = Im/pi = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("r ((Irms/Idc)^2 - 1)^.5 = "+string(r))//ripple factor

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1404afeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex5_11

+clc

+Rf = 10

+RL = 150

+eta_r = 40.6/(1+Rf/RL)

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")//forward resistance

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("eta_r = 40.6/(1+Rf/RL) = "+string(eta_r)+"%")//rectification efficiency

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d29f4bac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex5_12

+clc

+Rf = 12.5

+RL = 100

+eta_r = 80.1/(1+Rf/RL)

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")//forward resistance

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("eta_r = 80.1/(1+Rf/RL) = "+string(eta_r)+"%")//rectification efficiency

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..50006dec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex5_13

+clc

+Vdc = 32

+Vm = %pi*Vdc/2

+Vrms = Vm/(2^.5)

+PIV = Vm

+disp("Vdc = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//D.C. voltage

+disp("Vm = pi*Vdc/2 = "+string(Vm)+"V")//peak voltage

+disp("Vrms = Vm/(2^.5) = "+string(Vrms)+"V")//rms voltage

+disp("PIV = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage

+

+

+// note : value calculated for Vrms in the textbook is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8747bb279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex5_14

+clc

+C = 10*10^-3

+f = 50

+Idc = 200*10^-3

+Vr = Idc/(2*f*C)

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//circuit capacitance

+disp("f = "+string(f)+"Hz")//operating frequency

+disp("Idc = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("Vr = Idc/(2*f*C) = "+string(Vr)+"V")//ripple voltage

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a7a81b905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex5_15

+clc

+C = 600*10^-6

+T = 20*10^-3

+Vr = 1.2

+Vdc = 9

+Vac =Vr/(2*(3^.5))

+r = Vac/Vdc

+Idc = (Vr*C)/(T/2)

+RL = Vdc/Idc

+disp("C = "+string(C)+"F")//rectifier capacitance

+disp("T = "+string(T)+"s")//time

+disp("Vr = "+string(Vr)+"V")//ripple voltage

+disp("Vdc = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//D.C. voltage

+disp("Vac = "+string(Vac)+"V")//A.C. voltage

+disp("r = "+string(r))//ripple factor

+disp("Idc = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e2a10d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//Ex5_16

+clc

+L = 1// assuming inductance

+f = 50//operating frequency

+XL = 2*%pi*f*L//inductance

+RL = 100//assuming load resistance

+r = .01//ripple factor

+

+//let, capacitances C1 = C2 = C

+//that implies XC1 = XC2 = XC

+disp("XL = 2*%pi*f*L = "+string(XL)+"ohm")

+disp("r = "+string(r))

+XC = ((r*8*XL*RL)/(2^.5))^.5//capacitive resistance

+disp("XC = ((r*8*XL*RL)/(2^.5))^.5 = "+string(XC)+"ohm")

+disp("XC = 1/wC = 1/(2*pi*f*C) = "+string(XC))

+C = 1/(2*%pi*f*XC)//capacitance

+disp("C = 1/(2*pi*f*XC) = "+string(C)+"F")

+// thus, design parameters are : 

+disp("design parameters:")

+disp("C1 = C2 = "+string(C)+"F")

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"H")

+

+

+// Note : the calculations done in the textbook for the given problem is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b4ee4dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//Ex5_17

+clc

+f =50

+disp("vi = 16 sin(wt)")

+Vdc = 16

+RL = 100

+C1 = 2*10^-3

+C2 = 2*10^-3

+L = 1.0

+Idc = Vdc/RL

+XC1 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C1)

+XC2 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C2)

+XL = 2*%pi*f*L

+r = ((2^.5)*XC1*XC2)/(8*XL*RL)

+disp("L = "+string(L)+"H")//inductance

+disp("C1 = "+string(C1)+"F")//capacitance 1

+disp("C2 = "+string(C2)+"F")//capacitance 2

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("f = "+string(f)+"Hz")//operating frequency

+disp("Vdc = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//d.c. voltage

+disp("Idc = Vdc/RL = "+string(Idc)+"A")//d.c. current

+disp("XL = 2*%pi*f*L = "+string(XL)+"ohm")//inductive resistance

+disp("XC1 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C1) = "+string(XC1)+"ohm")//capacitive resistance due to capacitance 1

+disp("XC2 = 1/(2*%pi*f*C2) = "+string(XC2)+"ohm")//capacitive resistance due to capacitance 2

+disp("r = ((2^.5)*XC1*XC2)/(8*XL*RL) = "+string(r))//ripple factor

+

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd84722bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex5_2

+clc 

+Vm = 18

+

+//in half wave circuit

+Vdc = Vm/%pi

+PIV = Vm

+disp("Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")//peak voltage to rectifier

+disp("Vdc = Vm/pi = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//D.C. voltage

+disp("PIV = Vm = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage

+

+//in full wave circuit

+Vdc = (2*Vm/%pi)

+PIV = 2*Vm

+disp("Vdc = 2*Vm/pi = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//D.C. voltage

+disp("PIV = 2*Vm = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage for center trapped

+

+//in full wave Bridge rectifier

+disp("PIV = Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")//peak inverse voltage

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ee303ebfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex5_3

+clc

+Vm = 12

+RL = 1.5*10^3

+Im = Vm/RL

+Irms = Im/(2^.5)

+Idc = (2*Im/%pi)

+r =(((Irms/Idc)^2)-1)^.5

+disp("Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")//peak voltage to full rectifier

+disp("Im = Vm/RL = "+string(Im)+"A")//peak current

+disp("Irms = Im/(2^0.5) = "+string(Irms)+"A")//rms current

+disp("Idc = (2*Im/pi) = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("r = (((Irms/Idc)^2)-1)^0.5 = "+string(r))//ripple factor

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ffe388f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex5_4

+clc

+Idc = 10*10^-3

+Irms = 14*10^-3

+RL = 1*10^3

+Pdc = (Idc^2)*RL

+Pac = (Irms^2)*RL

+disp("Idc = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("Irms = "+string(Irms)+"A")//rms current

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Pdc = (Idc^2)*RL = "+string(Pdc)+"W")//D.C. power 

+disp("Pac = (Irms^2)*RL = "+string(Pac)+"W")//A.C. power

+disp("eta_r = Pdc/Pac = "+string(Pdc/Pac*100)+"%")//Rectification efficiency

+

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e45a76af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Ex5_5

+clc

+disp("v = 12 sin(wt)")

+Vm = 12

+RL = 1*10^3

+Rf = 10

+Im = Vm/(RL+Rf)

+Idc =Im/%pi

+Vdc = Idc*RL

+Irms = Im/2

+Pi = (Irms^2)*(RL+Rf)

+VNL = Vm/%pi

+VL = Idc*RL

+Regulation = (VNL - VL)/VL

+disp("Vm = "+string(Vm)+"V")//amplitude of applied signal

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Rf = "+string(Rf)+"ohm")//forward resistance

+disp("Im = Vm/(RL+Rf) = "+string(Im)+"A")//peak current

+disp("Idc = Im/pi = "+string(Idc)+"A")//D.C. current

+disp("Vdc = Idc*RL = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//D.C, voltage

+disp("Pi = (Irms^2)*(RL+Rf)")

+disp("Irms = Im/2 = "+string(Irms)+"A")//rms current

+disp("Pi = "+string(Pi)+"W")//input power

+disp("%Regulation = (VNL - VL)/VL")

+disp("VNL = Vm/pi = "+string(VNL)+"V")//non load voltage

+disp("VL = Idc*RL = "+string(VL)+"")//load voltage

+disp("%Regulation = "+string(Regulation*100)+"%")//percentage regulation

+

+

+//   NOTE : THE POWER CALCULATED IN THE TEXTBOOK IS WRONG.

diff --git a/2534/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/2534/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc32feedf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex5_6

+clc

+Vdc = 15

+disp("Vdc = "+string(Vdc)+"V")//applied D.C. voltage

+//Half Wave Rectifier

+Vm = %pi*Vdc

+PIV = Vm

+disp("Vm = Vdc*pi = "+string(Vm)+"V")//D.C. voltage for half wave rectifier

+disp("PIV = Vm = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage for half wave rectifier

+//Full Wave Rectifier

+Vm = %pi*Vdc/2

+PIV = 2*Vm

+disp("Vm = Vdc*pi/2 = "+string(Vm)+"V")//D.C. voltage for full wave rectifier

+disp("PIV = 2*Vm = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage for full wave rectifier

+//Bridge Rectifier

+Vm = %pi*Vdc/2

+PIV = Vm

+disp("Vm = Vdc*pi/2 = "+string(Vm)+"V")//D.C. voltage for bridge rectifier

+disp("PIV = Vm = "+string(PIV)+"V")//peak inverse voltage for bridge rectifier

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d78fb951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex6_1

+clc

+IB = 40*10^-6

+IC = 3*10^-3

+beta = IC/IB

+alpha = beta/(1+beta)

+disp("IB = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current 

+disp("IC = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+disp("beta = IC/IB = "+string(beta))//current gain in CE configuration

+disp("alpha = beta/(1+beta) = "+string(alpha))//current gain in CB configuration

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a91fdd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex6_10

+clc

+ic = 2.5*10^-3

+ib = 50*10^-6

+disp("ib = "+string(ib)+"A")//base current

+disp("ic = "+string(ic)+"A")//collector current

+beta = ic/ib

+disp("beta = ic/ib = "+string(beta))//current gain 

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23072032c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex6_11

+clc

+ic = 3*10^-3

+ib = 3.08*10^-3

+disp("ib = "+string(ib)+"A")//base current

+disp("ic = "+string(ic)+"A")//collector current

+alpha = ic/ib

+disp("alpha = ie/ib = ic/ib = "+string(alpha))//current gain, assuming ie = ic 

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49bf49bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex6_12

+clc

+//given, collector voltage swings between 11V to 4V

+//thus,

+vc = 11-4

+disp("vc = 11 - 4 = "+string(vc)+"V")//PEAK-to-PEAK collector voltage

+//given, collector current swings between 5mA to 1.4mA

+//thus,

+ic = (5 - 1.4)*10^-3

+disp("ic = 5m - 1.4m = "+string(ic)+"A")//PEAK-to-PEAK collector current

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41d26317d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex6_13

+clc

+ic = 4*10^-3

+ib = 80*10^-6

+disp("ib = "+string(ib)+"A")//base current

+disp("ic = "+string(ic)+"A")//collector current

+Ai = ic/ib

+disp("Ai = ic/ib = "+string(Ai))//current gain in CE amplifier

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..25852e268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex6_2

+clc

+IE = 1.2*10^-3

+beta = 60

+alpha = beta/(1+beta)

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain in CE configuration

+disp("alpha = beta/(1+beta) = "+string(alpha))//current gain in CB configuraion

+disp("IE = "+string(IE)+"A")//emitter current

+IB = IE/(beta+1)

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IB = IE/(beta+1) = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dba690745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex6_3

+clc

+alpha = 0.98

+VBE = 0.7

+IE = -2*10^-3

+Re = 100

+RL = 3.3*10^3

+disp("alpha = "+string(alpha))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base-emitter

+disp("IE = "+string(IE)+"A")//emitter current

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+//now according to circuit given for the question in the textbook

+IC = -alpha * IE

+disp("IC = -alpha*IE = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+IB = -IC - IE

+disp("IB = -IC - IE = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+VBN = VBE+(abs(IE)*Re)

+disp("VBN = VBE+(IE*Re) = "+string(VBN)+"V")//voltage across base and ground(N)

+//ASSUMING... value for R1 = 30*10^3 ohm

+R1 = 30*10^3

+disp("R1 = "+string(R1)+"ohm")//resistancfe R1 as given in circuit

+I = VBN/R1

+disp("I = VBN/R1 = "+string(I)+"A")//current across resistance R1

+//ASSUMING... VCC = 9V

+VCC = 9//collector voltage

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")

+VCN = VCC - (RL*(IC+I+IB))

+disp("VCN = VCC - RL*(IC+I+IB)) = "+string(VCN)+"V")//voltage across collector and ground(N)

+// according to the given diagram for the question in the textbook, unknown resistance is,

+R = (VCN - VBN)/(I+IB)

+disp("R = (VCN - VBN)/(I+IB) = "+string(R)+"ohm")//unknown resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..28fc9bc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex6_4

+clc

+RC = 2.3*10^3

+Re = 1*10^3

+VCC = 12

+VCE = 5

+VBE = 0.7

+beta = 50

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//supply voltage

+disp("VCE = "+string(VCE)+"V")//voltage across collector and emitter

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emitter

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+// according to the given circuit, we have

+IB = (VCC - VCE)/((beta+1)*[RC+Re])

+disp("IB = (VCC - VCE)/((beta+1)*[RC+Re]) = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+//from the circuit we have,

+Rt = (VCE-VBE)/IB

+disp("Rt = (VCE - VBE)/IB = "+string(Rt)+"ohm")//resistance Rt as given in circuit

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa46b80c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex6_5

+clc

+VBB = 1

+VCC = 12

+IC = 12*10^-3

+VCE = 4

+beta = 80

+VBE = 0.7

+disp("VBB = "+string(VBB)+"V")//base supply voltage

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("IC = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+disp("VCE = "+string(VCE)+"V")//voltage across collector and emitter

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emitter

+IB = IC/beta

+disp("IB = IC/beta = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+RC = (VCC - VCE)/IC

+disp("RC = (VCC - VCE)/IC = "+string(int(RC))+"ohm")//collector resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f57448ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex6_6

+clc

+VCC = 9

+VBB = 3

+IC = 2*10^-3

+beta = 50

+VBE = 0.7

+VCE = 4

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("VBB = "+string(VBB)+"V")//base supply voltage

+disp("IC = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emitter

+disp("VCE = "+string(VCE)+"V")//voltage across collector and emitter

+IB = IC/beta

+disp("IB = IC/beta = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+RB = (VBB - VBE)/IB

+disp("RB = (VBB - VBE)/IB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//base resistance according to the given in circuit

+

+

+// note: misprint in the question, author is asking for IB instead of beta, as beta is already provided.

+// note: calculation done in the textbook for the problem is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7e6b54b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex6_7

+clc

+VCC = 12

+VBB = 3

+IC = 12*10^-3

+VCE = 5.5

+beta = 100

+VBE = 0.7

+Re = 50

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("VBB = "+string(VBB)+"V")//base supply voltage

+disp("IC = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+disp("VCE = "+string(VCE)+"V")//voltage across collector and emitter

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emitter

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emittter resistance

+IB = IC/beta

+disp("IB = IC/beta = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+//from base-emitter circuit;

+IE = IC+IB

+Rb = (VBB - VBE - (IE*Re))/IB

+disp("Rb = (VBB - VBE - IE*Re)/IB = "+string(Rb)+"ohm")//base resistance

+//from collector-emitter circuit, we have

+Rc = (VCC - VCE - (IE*Re))/(IC)

+disp("Rc = (VCC - VCE - (IE*Re))/IC = "+string(Rc)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+

+

+//NOTE : in textbook the notation used for base and emitter resistance in fig. and in calculation are different

+

+

+

+// note : calculation perform in the textbook is wrong for the above problem

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba3cfcb2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Ex6_8

+clc

+VBB = 10

+RB = 500*10^3

+VCC = 15

+RC = 1.2*10^3

+beta =100

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBB = "+string(VBB)+"V")//base supply voltage

+disp("RB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//resistance across base terminal

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//resistance across collector terminal

+IB = VBB/RB

+disp("IB = VBB/RB = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+VCE = VCC - (IC*RC)

+disp("VCE = VCC - IC*RC = "+string(VCE)+"V")//voltage across collector and emitter

+

+

+// the answer printed in the textbook for VCE is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/2534/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a83edeb06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex6_9

+clc

+ic = 2*10^-3

+ie = ic// as base current is negligble

+VT = 25*10^-3

+re = VT/ie

+gm = ie/VT

+disp("ic = "+string(ic)+"A")//collector current

+disp("ie = "+string(ie)+"A")//emitter current with negligble base current

+disp("VT = "+string(VT)+"V")//voltage at room temperature

+disp("re = VT/ie = "+string(re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

+disp("gm = ie/VT = "+string(gm)+"mho")//conductance

+rc = 100*10^3//slope of output characteristics

+disp("rc = "+string(rc)+"ohm")

+hoe = 1/rc

+disp("hoe = 1/rc = "+string(hoe)+"Mho")//output conductance

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1bb0de054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex7_1

+clc

+Ie = 6.0*10^-3

+Ve = 1.1

+Re = Ve/Ie

+disp("Ie = "+string(Ie)+"A")//current flowing in emitter resistance

+disp("Ve = "+string(Ve)+"V")//voltage drop across emitter resistance

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fe3b85a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//Ex7_10

+clc

+delta_IC = 0.01*10^-3

+delta_beta = 5

+disp("delta_IC = "+string(delta_IC)+"A")//change of collector current

+disp("delta_beta = "+string(delta_beta)+"A")//change in current gain

+disp("S'''' = delta_IC/delta_beta = "+string(delta_IC/delta_beta))//stability

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c3369c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex7_11

+clc

+TA = 30

+TJ = 48

+PD = 4

+TR = (TJ - TA)/PD

+disp("TA = "+string(TA)+"degreeC")//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated

+disp("TJ = "+string(TJ)+"degreeC")//junction temperature

+disp("PD = "+string(PD)+"W")//dissipated power

+disp("TR = (TJ - TA)/PD = "+string(TR)+"degreeC/W")//termal resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8113669ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex7_12

+clc

+TA = 28

+TJ = 50

+TR = 10

+PD = (TJ - TA)/TR

+disp("TA = "+string(TA)+"degreeC")//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated

+disp("TJ = "+string(TJ)+"degreeC")//junction temperature

+disp("TR = "+string(TR)+"degreeC/W")//termal resistance

+disp("PD = (TJ - TA)/TR = "+string(PD)+"W")//dissipated power

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76031fd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex7_2

+clc

+TA = 30

+TJ = 48

+PD = 4

+TR = (TJ - TA)/PD

+disp("TA = "+string(TA)+"degreeC")//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated

+disp("TJ = "+string(TJ)+"degreeC")//junction temperature

+disp("PD = "+string(PD)+"W")//dissipated power

+disp("TR = (TJ - TA)/PD = "+string(TR)+"degreeC/W")//termal resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e470169eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex7_3

+clc

+TA = 28

+TJ = 50

+TR = 10

+PD = (TJ - TA)/TR

+disp("TA = "+string(TA)+"degreeC")//ambient temperature at which transistor is operated

+disp("TJ = "+string(TJ)+"degreeC")//junction temperature

+disp("TR = "+string(TR)+"degreeC/W")//termal resistance

+disp("PD = (TJ - TA)/TR = "+string(PD)+"W")//dissipated power

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2dfd8486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex7_4

+clc

+RC = 4*10^3

+RB = 1.2*10^6

+VCC = 9

+VBE = .2

+beta = 80

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("RB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//base resistance

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emittter

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB

+disp("IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+VCE = VCC - (IC*RC)

+disp("VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) = "+string(VCE)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("The Q-point is("+string(VCE)+"V, "+string(IC)+"A)")//Q-point in fixed bias circuit

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b497dc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Ex7_5

+clc

+VBE = 0.6

+beta = 100

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//voltage across base and emitter

+//according to given circuit;

+VCC = 12

+RC = 5*10^3

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+// optimum operating point is half of (VCC/RC)

+IC = (1/2)*(VCC/RC)

+disp("IC = VCC/(2*RC) = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current at optimum operating point

+IB = IC/beta

+disp("IB = IC/beta = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+//from the closed circuit in the given fig., we have

+disp("IB*RB = VCC - VBE")

+RB = (VCC - VBE)/IB 

+disp("RB = (VCC - VBE)/IB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//veriable resistance across base-collector as given in circuit

+

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b2115cade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//Ex7_6

+clc

+RC = 2*10^3

+beta = 100

+VCC = 9

+RB = 500*10^3

+VBE = 0.6

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("RB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//base resistance

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//base-emitter voltage

+IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB

+disp("IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB = "+string(IB)+"Amp")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+VCE = VCC - IC*RC

+disp("VCE = VCC - IC*RC = "+string(VCE)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("operating point is("+string(VCE)+"V, "+string(IC)+"A)")

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..70f892aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Ex7_7

+clc

+VCC = 12

+RB = 300*10^3

+RC = 1.5*10^3

+Re = 2*10^3

+beta = 100

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("RB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//base resistance

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+IB = VCC/(RB + beta*Re)

+disp("IB = VCC/(RB + beta*Re) = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+IE = IB + IC

+disp("IE = IB + IC = "+string(IE)+"A")//emitter current

+VCE = VCC - IC*RC - IE*Re

+disp("VCE = VCC - IC*RC - IE*Re = "+string(VCE)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("quiescent point is("+string(VCE)+"V, "+string(IC)+"A)")

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f431e8ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Ex7_8

+clc

+VCC = 9

+RC = 3*10^3

+RB = 500*10^3

+beta = 100

+VBE = 0.7

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("RC = "+string(RC)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("RB = "+string(RB)+"ohm")//base resistance

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//emitter-base voltage

+//for a Fixed Bais Circuit;

+IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB

+disp("IB = (VCC - VBE)/RB  = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+VCE = VCC - IC*RC

+disp("VCE = VCC - IC*RC = "+string(VCE)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("operating point is("+string(VCE)+"V, "+string(IC)+"A)")

+S = 1+beta

+disp("S = 1 + beta = "+string(S))//stability factor

+

+

+// NOTE : in the textbook author has taken beta = 100 for calculation 

+//        but has mention beta = 50 in Question

+//        I am working with beta = 100.

diff --git a/2534/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/2534/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79383d975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex7_9

+clc

+R1 = 80*10^3

+R2 = 25*10^3

+Re = 2*10^3

+Rc = 2*10^3

+beta = 100

+VCC = 12

+VBE = 0.7

+disp("R1 = "+string(R1)+"ohm")

+disp("R2 = "+string(R2)+"ohm")

+disp("Re = "+string(Re)+"ohm")//emitter resistance

+disp("Rc = "+string(Rc)+"ohm")//collector resistance

+disp("beta = "+string(beta))//current gain

+disp("VCC = "+string(VCC)+"V")//collector supply voltage

+disp("VBE = "+string(VBE)+"V")//base-emitter voltage

+Rb = R1*R2/(R1+R2)

+disp("Rb = R1*R2/(R1+R2) = "+string(Rb)+"ohm")//base resistance

+VB = VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))

+disp("VB = VCC(R2/(R1+R2)) = "+string(VB)+"V")//base voltage

+IB = (VB - VBE)/(Rb*(1+((1+beta)*(Re/Rb))))

+disp("IB = (VB - VBE)/(Rb*(1+((1+beta)*(Re/Rb))))")

+disp("   = "+string(IB)+"A")//base current

+IC = beta*IB

+disp("IC = beta*IB = "+string(IC)+"A")//collector current

+IE = IC

+VCE = VCC - IC*Rc - IE*Re

+disp("VCE = VCC - IC*Rc - IE*Re = "+string(VCE)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("operating point is("+string(VCE)+"V, "+string(IC)+"A)")

+S = (1+beta)*[(1+Rb/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re)]

+disp("S = (1+beta)*[(1+Rb/Re)*(1+beta+Rb/Re)] = "+string(S))

+disp("S'' = -(beta/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re) = "+string((-beta/Re)/(1+beta+Rb/Re)))

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05b79bd47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//Ex8_1

+clc

+disp("(a)")

+Vce=0

+Ic=2*10^-3

+Ib=30*10^-6

+Vbe=50*10^-3

+disp("Vce = "+string(Vce)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("Ic = "+string(Ic)+"A")//collector current

+disp("Ib = "+string(Ib)+"A")//base current

+disp("Vbe = "+string(Vbe)+"V")//base-emitter voltage

+hfe=Ic/Ib

+disp("hfe = Ic/Ib = "+string(hfe))//current gain in CE amplifier

+hie=Vbe/Ib

+disp("hie = Vbe/Ib = "+string(hie)+"ohm")//input impedance in CE amplifier

+disp("(b)")

+Ib=0

+Vce=1

+Vbe=0.3*10^-3

+Ic=0.1*10^-3

+disp("Vce = "+string(Vce)+"V")//collector-emitter voltage

+disp("Ic = "+string(Ic)+"A")//collector current

+disp("Ib = "+string(Ib)+"A")//base current

+disp("Vbe = "+string(Vbe)+"V")//base-emitter voltage

+hoe=Ic/Vce

+disp("hoe = Ic/Vce = "+string(hoe)+"mho")//output conductance in CE amplifier

+hre=Vbe/Vce

+disp("hre = Vbe/Vce = "+string(hre))//voltage gain in CE amplifier

+

+// note: textbook answers has printing mistake, regaeding hre.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b4491d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex8_10

+clc

+Av = -200

+Ri = 10*10^3

+RL = 3*10^3

+Ai = Av*Ri/RL

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))//voltage gain

+disp("Ri = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")//input resistance

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Ai = Av*Ri/RL = "+string(Ai))//current gain

+

+// note : there are mis-printring in the textbook for the above problem regading formula and notations.

+//        answer in the textbook for above problem is wrong.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c344545e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//Ex8_11

+clc

+Av = -250

+Ai = -50

+RL = 12*10^3

+disp("Av = "+string(Av))//voltage gain

+disp("Ai = "+string(Ai))//current gain

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+Ri = Ai*RL/Av

+disp("Ri = Ai*RL/Av = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")//input resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6edb890f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex8_2

+clc

+RL = 8*10^3

+hie=1.0*10^3

+hre=2.5*10^-4

+hfe=50

+hoe=25*10^-6

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:

+disp("hie = "+string(hie)+"ohm")//input resistance of CE transistor

+disp("hre = "+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"mho")//output conductance of CE transistor

+//calculation for current gain:

+Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))

+disp("Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = "+string(Ai))

+disp("Ai = "+string(abs(Ai)))

+//calculation for input resistance:

+Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)

+disp("Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")

+

+//note : answer in the textbook regarding above problem is not accuratly calculated.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9c999760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//Ex8_3

+clc

+RL = 8*10^3

+Rs= 500

+hie=1.0*10^3

+hre=2.5*10^-4

+hfe=50

+hoe=25*10^-6

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Rs = "+string(Rs)+"ohm")//source resistance

+//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:

+disp("hie = "+string(hie)+"ohm")//input resistance of CE transistor

+disp("hre = "+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"mho")//output conductance of CE transistor

+

+Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))

+disp("Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = "+string(Ai))//calculation for current gain

+

+Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)

+disp("Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")//calculation for input resistance

+

+Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)

+disp("Ais = (Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)= "+string(Ais))//current gain with source resistance

+

+Avs = Ai*RL/Ri

+disp("Avs = Ai*RL/Ri = "+string(Avs))//voltage gain with source resistance

+

+//note : in the textbook above problem has given two values for hie BUT no value for hfe ... 

+//       thus assuming hie=50 as hfe =50, as given in the previous example 8_2

+

+//note : answer in the textbook is not accuratly calculated.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5854a192a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//Ex8_4

+clc

+RL=5*10^3

+Rs=1.2*10^3

+hre=2.5*10^-4

+hie=1.1*10^3

+hfe=100

+hoe=25*10^-6

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Rs = "+string(Rs)+"ohm")//source resistance

+//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:

+disp("hie = "+string(hie)+"ohm")//input resistance of CE transistor

+disp("hre = "+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"mho")//output conductance of CE transistor

+//calculation for current gain:

+Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))

+disp("Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = "+string(abs(Ai)))

+//calculation for input resistance:

+Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)

+disp("Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")

+//calculation for voltage gain:

+Av = Ai*RL/Ri

+disp("Av = Ai*RL/Ri = "+string(Av))

+//calculation for output resistance:

+Go=hoe-((hre*hfe)/(hie+Rs))

+Ro = 1/Go

+disp("Ro = 1/Go")

+disp("Go = hoe-((hre*hfe)/(hie+Rs)) = "+string(Go)+"mho")

+disp("Ro = "+string(Ro)+"ohm")

+

+//note : in the textbook, above problem has given two values for "hfe" and no value for "hre"... 

+//        thus assuming value for "hre = 2.5*10^-4" as taken in previous example 8_2

+//        and "hfe=100" 

+

+//note : in text LOAD RESISTANCE is noted as Rc in question, but RL in solution.

+//       I have work with Load Resistance with notification RL.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c983b66b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex8_5

+clc

+RL = 22*10^3

+hfb=-0.98

+hob=7.6*10^-7

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("hfb = "+string(hfb))//forward current gain in CB amplifier

+disp("hob = "+string(hob)+"mho")//output conductance in CB amplifier

+Ai = -hfb/(1+(hob*RL))

+disp("Ai = -hfb/(1+(hob*RL)) = "+string(Ai))//current gain

+

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..143477fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex8_6

+clc

+hfb = -0.999

+hib = 50

+hob = 0.82*10^-6

+hrb = 4*10^-6

+RL = 22*10^3

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load impedence

+//h-parameters for CB transistor amplifier are as follows:

+disp("hib = "+string(hib)+"ohm")//input resistance of CB transistor

+disp("hrb = "+string(hrb))//voltage gain of CB transistor

+disp("hfb = "+string(hfb))//current gain of CB transistor

+disp("hob = "+string(hob)+"mho")//output conductance of CB transistor

+Av = -(hfb*RL)/((RL*(hib*hob-hfb*hrb))+hib)

+disp("Av = -(hfb*RL)/((RL*(hib*hob-hfb*hrb))+hib) = "+string(Av))//voltage gain

+

+

+//note : answer provided in the textbook is not precised.

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..168f5e57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//Ex8_7

+clc

+RL = 1.2*10^3

+//assuming Rs = RL as given in problem

+Rs = RL

+//assuming values for h-parameters

+hie = 1.0*10^3

+hre=2.5*10^-4

+hfe = 50

+hoe = 25*10^-6

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+disp("Rs = RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//source resistance

+//h-parameters for CE transistor amplifier are as follows:

+disp("hie = "+string(hie)+"ohm")//input resistance of CE transistor

+disp("hre = "+string(hre))//voltage gain of CE transistor

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))//current gain of CE transistor

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"mho")//output conductance of CE transistor

+//calculation for current gain:

+Ai=-hfe/(1+(hoe*RL))

+disp("Ai = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL)) = "+string(Ai))

+//calculation for input impedence:

+Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL)

+disp("Ri = hie+(hre*Ai*RL) = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")

+//calculation for voltage gain:

+disp("Av = Ai*RL/Ri")

+Av = Ai*RL/Ri

+disp("   = "+string(Av))

+//calculation for output impedence:

+Ro = 1/((hoe - (hfe*hre)/(hie+Rs)))

+disp("Ro = 1/((hoe - (hfe*hre)/(hie+Rs)))")

+disp("     = "+string(Ro)+"ohm")

+//current gain with source impedence:

+Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)

+disp("Ais = (Ai*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)= "+string(Ais))

+//voltage gain with source impedence:

+Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+Rs)

+disp("Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+Rs) = "+string(Avs))

+

+

+

+// NOTE : calculation in the textbook for the above problem is wrong.

+//        while calculating Ri author has use "hie = 1.2*10^3" instead of ASSUMED9 value i.e., "hie = 1.0*10^3"   

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6f022e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Ex8_8

+clc

+Ai = -60

+hfe = 100

+hoe = 10*10^-6

+disp("hfe = "+string(hfe))//forward current gain

+disp("hoe = "+string(hoe)+"A/V")//output conductance

+disp("Ai = "+string(Ai))//current gain

+disp("But, ...

+Ai = -hfe/(1+ hoe*RL)")

+RL = -(1/hoe)*(1+(hfe/Ai))

+disp("Thus,...

+RL = -(1/hoe)*(1+(hfe/Ai)) = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

diff --git a/2534/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/2534/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..653273f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//Ex8_9

+clc

+Ai = -60

+Ri = 2.0*10^3

+RL = 15*10^3

+disp("Ai = "+string(Ai))//current gain

+disp("Ri = "+string(Ri)+"ohm")//input resistance

+disp("RL = "+string(RL)+"ohm")//load resistance

+Av = Ai*RL/Ri

+disp("Av = Ai*RL/Ri = "+string(Av))//voltage gain

+

+//note : in textbook,

+//       author notify LOAD RESISTANCE as 'Rc' in question BUT 'RL' in solution.

+//       I have work with "load resistance notified as RL".

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8531fbf41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Ex9_1

+clc

+h = 5*10^-4      //channel height in centimeters

+a= (1/2)*h       //channel width in centimeters

+rho = 10         //resistivity in ohm_cm

+sigma = 1/rho    //conductivity in mho/cm

+micro_p = 500      //mobility in cm_sq/Vs

+apsilent_r = 12  //relative permiability in F/cm of silicon

+apsilent_not=8.854*10^-14  //permiability in vaccum in F/cm

+disp("a = "+string(a)+"cm")

+disp("sigma = "+string(sigma)+"mho/cm")

+disp("micro_p = "+string(micro_p)+"cm-sq/Vs")

+disp("apsilent_r = "+string(apsilent_r)+"F/cm")

+Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p) // pinch off voltage for silicon p channel FET

+disp("Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p)")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adc8b8126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex9_10

+clc

+VGS = -2//voltage across gate and source

+IDSS = 8*10^-3//maximum drain current

+Vp = -6//pinch-off voltage

+disp("IDSS = "+string(IDSS)+"A")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("VGS = "+string(VGS)+"V")

+ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2

+disp("ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = "+string(ID)+"A")//drainm current

+RD = 2*10^3//drain resistance

+VDD = 12//drain voltage

+VDS = VDD - ID*RD

+disp("VDD = "+string(VDD)+"V")//drain voltage

+disp("RD = "+string(RD)+"ohm")//drain resistance

+disp("VDS = VDD - ID*RD = "+string(VDS)+"V")//voltage across drain and source

+

+// note : notification used for saturated drain-soucre current is given wrong in question i.e., IDS but is right in solution i.e., IDSS.

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0383655eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//Ex9_2

+clc

+//calculating for conductance:

+delta_ID = (4*10^-3)-(2*10^-3)//change in drain current in amperes

+delta_VGS = 3-2//chande in gate-source voltage in volts

+disp("delta_ID = "+string(delta_ID)+"A")

+disp("delta_VGS = "+string(delta_VGS)+"V")

+gm = delta_ID/delta_VGS//condutance at VDS = constant

+disp("gm = delta_ID/delta_VGS")

+disp("gm = "+string(gm)+" mho")

+//calculating for drain resistance:

+delta_ID = (3.2-3)*10^-3//change in drain current in amperes

+delta_VDS = (12-8)//change in voltage across drai and source

+disp("delta_ID = "+string(delta_ID)+"A")

+disp("delta_VDS = "+string(delta_VDS)+"V")

+rd = delta_VDS/delta_ID

+disp("rd = delta_VDS/delta_ID")

+disp("rd = "+string(rd)+" ohm")

+//calculating for micro:

+micro  = rd*gm//amplification factor

+disp("micro = rd*gm")

+disp("micro = "+string(micro))

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d86f3407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Ex9_3

+clc

+disp("Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent*micro_p)")//piunch off voltage

+h = 2*10^-4      //channel height in centimeters

+a= h/2       //channel width in centimeters

+rho = 1         //resistivity in ohm_cm

+sigma = 1/rho    //conductivity in mho/cm

+micro_p = 1800      //mobility in cm_sq/Vs

+apsilent_r = 16  //relative permiability in F/cm of germanium

+apsilent_not=8.854*10^-14  //permiability in vaccum in F/cm

+disp("a = "+string(a)+"cm")

+disp("rho = "+string(rho)+"ohm-cm")

+disp("sigma = "+string(sigma)+"mho/cm")

+disp("micro = "+string(micro_p)+"cm_sq/Vs")

+disp("apsilent_r = "+string(apsilent_r)+"F/cm")

+disp("apsilent_not = "+string(apsilent_not)+"F/cm")

+Vp = (a^2)*sigma/(2*apsilent_r*apsilent_not*micro_p) // pinch off voltage for germanium p_channel FET

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fdc60aa62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Ex9_4

+clc

+gm1= 2*10^-3; gm2 =4*10^-3//conductance

+disp("gm1 = "+string(gm1)+"mho")

+disp("gm2 = "+string(gm2)+"mho")

+Effective_gm = gm1+gm2

+disp("Effective gm = gm1 + gm2 = "+string(Effective_gm)+"mho")//resulant conductance

+rd1 = 20*10^3; rd2 = 30*10^3//resistances

+Effective_rd = (rd1*rd2)/(rd1+rd2)

+disp("rd1 = "+string(rd1)+"ohm")

+disp("rd2 = "+string(rd2)+"ohm")

+disp("Effective rd = (rd1*rd2)/(rd1+rd2) = "+string(Effective_rd)+"ohm")//resulant resistance

+

+

+

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac5d980f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Ex9_5

+clc

+VGS = 4// voltage applied to gate terminal

+IG = 2*10^-9//current flowing in gate

+RGS = VGS/IG

+disp("VGs = "+string(VGS)+"V")

+disp("IG = "+string(IG)+"A")

+disp("RGS = VGS/IG = "+string(RGS)+"ohm")//resistance brtween gate and source

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e84b664f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//Ex9_6

+clc

+Vp = -4//pinch off voltage

+ID = 4*10^-3//drain current

+IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("ID = "+string(ID)+"A")

+disp("IDSS = "+string(IDSS)+"A")

+VGS = abs(Vp)*((ID/IDSS)^.5-1)

+disp("VGS = Vp*((ID/IDSS)^.5-1) = "+string(VGS)+"V")//voltage across gate and source

+

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61d052285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Ex9_7

+clc

+//parameters of JFET 1:

+rd1 = 20*10^3//resistance

+gm1 = 3*10^-3//conductance

+disp("rd1 = "+string(rd1)+"ohm")

+disp("gm1 = "+string(gm1)+"mho")

+//parameters of JFET 2:

+rd2 = 40*10^3//resistance

+gm2 = 4*10^-3//conductance

+disp("rd2 = "+string(rd2)+"ohm")

+disp("gm2 = "+string(gm2)+"mho")

+//the given JFETs are connected in parallel manner

+micro = [(rd1*rd2*gm1)+(rd1*rd2*gm2)]/(rd1+rd2)

+disp("micro = (rd1*rd2*gm1)+(rd1*rd2*gm2)/(rd1+rd2) = "+string(micro))//amplification factor

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ba52fccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.8/Ex9_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Ex9_8

+clc

+//according to the given figure in the textbook for problem 8 in chapter 9:

+VGS = -2//voltage across gate and source

+IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current

+Vp = -6//pinch-off voltage

+disp("IDSS = "+string(IDSS)+"A")

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("VGS = "+string(VGS)+"V")

+ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2

+disp("ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = "+string(ID)+"A")//drainm current

+Rd = 2*10^3//drain resistance

+VDD = 9//drain voltage

+VDS = VDD - ID*Rd

+disp("VDD = "+string(VDD)+"V")//drain voltage

+disp("Rd = "+string(Rd)+"ohm")//drain resistance

+disp("VDS = VDD - ID*Rd = "+string(VDS)+"V")//voltage across drain and source

diff --git a/2534/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce b/2534/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1909cc431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2534/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Ex9_9

+clc

+Vp = -4//pinch off voltage

+VGS = -1.5//gate source voltage

+VDS_minimum = VGS - Vp//minimum VDS for Pinch Off voltage

+disp("Vp = "+string(Vp)+"V")

+disp("VGS = "+string(VGS)+"V")

+disp("VDS_minimum = VGS - Vp = "+string(VDS_minimum)+"V")

+IDSS = 6*10^-3//maximum drain current

+ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2//drain current at VGS = 0V

+disp("IDSS = "+string(IDSS)+"A")

+disp("ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/Vp))^2 = "+string(ID)+"A")