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16 files changed, 226 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.1/Ch07Ex1.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.1/Ch07Ex1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4559115b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.1/Ch07Ex1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.1: Pg:275 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+M_He = 4.001265;    // Mass of helium nucleus, amu

+M_P = 1.007277;    // Mass of proton, amu

+M_N = 1.008666;    // Mass of neutron, amu

+amu = 931.4812;    // One amu

+M = 2*M_P+2*M_N;    // Total initial mass of two protons and two neutrons, amu

+delta_m = M-M_He;    // Mass defect, amu

+BE = delta_m * amu;    // Binding energy of alpha particle, MeV

+printf("\nThe binding energy of an alpha particle = %7.4f Mev", BE);

+printf("\nThe binding energy per nucleon = %8.6f Mev", BE/4);

+

+// Result 

+// The binding energy of an alpha particle = 28.5229 Mev

+// The binding energy per nucleon = 7.130721 Mev 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.10/Ch07Ex10.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.10/Ch07Ex10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98bba02bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.10/Ch07Ex10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.10: Pg:306 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+m_u = 235.0439;    // Mass of uranium, amu

+m_n = 1.0087;    // Mass of neutron, amu

+m_Ba = 140.9139;    // Mass of Barium, amu

+m_Kr = 91.8937;    // Mass of Krypton, amu

+M_1 = m_u + m_n;    // Sum of masses before reaction, amu

+M_2 = m_Ba + m_Kr + 3*m_n;    // Sum of masses after reaction, amu

+delta_m = M_1 -M_2;    // Mass lost in the fission, amu

+// Since the number of atoms in 235 g of Uranium is 6.02e+023

+N = 6.02e+023/235;    // Number of atoms in one gm of U-235

+// Since energy equivalent of 1 amu is 931.5MeV

+E_MeV = delta_m*N*931.5;    // Energy released in fission of Uranium 235, MeV

+printf("\nTotal energy in fission of uranium reaction in MeV = %4.2e MeV ", E_MeV);

+E_kWh = E_MeV*1.6e-013/3.6e+06;    // Energy released in fission of Uranium 235, kWh

+printf("\nTotal energy in fission of uranium reaction in kiloWatt hour = %4.2e kWh", E_kWh);

+

+// Result 

+// Total energy in fission of uranium reaction in MeV = 5.22e+023 MeV 

+// Total energy in fission of uranium reaction in kiloWatt hour = 2.32e+004 kWh 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.11/Ch07Ex11.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.11/Ch07Ex11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba8e1567b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.11/Ch07Ex11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.11: Pg:307 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+P = 3.2e+07/1.6e-013;    // Power developed by the reactor, MeV

+E = 200;    // Energy released by the reactor per fission, MeV

+n = P/E;    // Number of fissions occuring in the reactor per second, per sec

+N = n*1000*3600;    // Number of atoms or nuclei of Uranium 235 consumed in 1000 hours

+// Since the number of atoms in 235 g of Uranium is 6e+023

+M = N/6e+023*235/1000;    // Mass of Uranium 235 consumed in 1000 hours, kg

+printf("\nThe number of atoms of Uranium 235 undergoing fission per second = %4.1e ", N);

+printf("\nThe mass of Uranium 235 consumed in 1000 hours = %4.2f kg ", M);

+

+// Result 

+// The number of atoms of Uranium 235 undergoing fission per second = 3.6e+024 

+// The mass of Uranium 235 consumed in 1000 hours = 1.41 kg  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.12/Ch07Ex12.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.12/Ch07Ex12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..094eef7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.12/Ch07Ex12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.12: Pg:307 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s

+delta_m =0.1/100*1;    // Mass lost in one kg of substance, kg

+delta_E = delta_m*c^2;    // Energy liberated by the fission of one kg of substance, joule

+// Since 1kWh = 1000 watt*3600 sec = 3.6e+06 joule

+delta_E = delta_m*c^2/3.6e+06;    // Energy liberated by the fission of one kg of substance, kWh

+printf("\nThe energy liberated by the fission of one kg of substance = %3.2e kWh", delta_E);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy liberated by the fission of one kg of substance = 2.50e+007 kWh 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.13/Ch07Ex13.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.13/Ch07Ex13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5ca60b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.13/Ch07Ex13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.13: Pg:308 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+P = 2/1.6e-013;    // Power to be produced, MeV/sec

+E_bar = 200;    // Energy released per fission, MeV

+n = P/E_bar;    // Required number of fissions per second

+// Since the number of atoms in 235gm of Uranium is 6.02e+023

+N = (6.02e+023/235)*500;    // Number of atoms in 500 gm of U-235

+E = E_bar*N;    // Total energy released in the complete fission of 500gm of uranium 235, MeV

+printf("\nThe total energy released in the complete fission of 500gm of uranium 235 = %4.2e MeV", E);

+

+// Result 

+// The total energy released in the complete fission of 500gm of uranium 235 = 2.56e+026 MeV 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.14/Ch07Ex14.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.14/Ch07Ex14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..204998819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.14/Ch07Ex14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.14: Pg:309 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+amu = 931.5;    // Energy equivalent of 1 amu, MeV

+M_He = 4.00260;    // Mass of helium, amu

+m_e = 0.00055;    // Mass of electron, amu

+M_C = 12.000;    // Mass of carbon, amu

+m_He = M_He - 2*m_e;    // Mass of helium nucleus, amu

+m_C = M_C - 6*m_e;    // Mass of carbon nucleus, amu

+d_m = 3*m_He - m_C;    // Mass defect, amu

+E = d_m*amu;    // Equivalent energy of mass defect, MeV

+printf("\nThe energy invloved in each fusion reaction inside the star = %4.2f MeV", E);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy invloved in each fusion reaction inside the star = 7.27 MeV
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.15/Ch07Ex15.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.15/Ch07Ex15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95814720d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.15/Ch07Ex15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.15: Pg:311 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+r = 500;    // Counting rate of Geiger-Muller counter, counts/minute

+n = r*1e+08;    // Number of electrons collected per minute

+q = n*1.6e-019;    // Charge per minute, coulomb per minute

+I = q/60;    // Charge per second, coulomb per second

+printf("\nThe average current in the Geiger-Muller counter circuit = %4.2e ampere ", I);

+

+// Result 

+// The average current in the Geiger-Muller counter circuit = 1.33e-010 ampere 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.16/Ch07Ex16.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.16/Ch07Ex16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3273f6f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.16/Ch07Ex16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.16: Pg 315 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+m1 = 12;    // Mass of first trace, unit

+m2 = 16;    // Mass of second trace, unit

+d = 4.8;    // Distance between the traces, cm

+D = [8.4, -8.4];    // Distance of the mark from the trace of mass 16

+x = poly(0, 'x');

+x = roots(m1*x-m2*(x-d));    // The distance of the mark from the trace of mass 16

+M = m2*(x+D)/x;    // Mass of the particle whose trace is at a distance of 8.4 cm from the trace of mass 16

+printf("\nThe mass of the particle whose trace is at a distance of 8.4 cm from the trace of mass 16 = %d or %d", M(1), M(2));

+

+// Result 

+// The mass of the particle whose trace is at a distance of 8.4 cm from the trace of mass 16 = 23 or 9 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.2/Ch07Ex2.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.2/Ch07Ex2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e4340ec72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.2/Ch07Ex2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.2: Pg:275 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+M_H = 1e-03;    // Mass of hydrogen, kg

+M_He = 0.993e-03;    // Mass of helium, kg

+delta_m = M_H-M_He;    // Mass defect, amu

+c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s

+E = delta_m*c^2;    // Energy released, joules

+EL = (5/100)*E/36e+05;    // Electrical energy, kilowatt hour

+printf("\nThe energy released in joule in a thermonuclear reaction = %4.1e joule", E);

+printf("\nThe electrical energy in kilowatt hours in a thermonuclear reaction = %4.2e kilowatt hour", EL);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy released in joule in a thermonuclear reaction = 6.3e+011 joule

+// The electrical energy in kilowatt hours in a thermonuclear reaction = 8.75e+003 kilowatt hour
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.3/Ch07Ex3.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.3/Ch07Ex3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fdf074e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.3/Ch07Ex3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.3: Pg:276 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+M_n = 1.6747e-027;    // Mass of neutron, kg

+M_p = 1.6725e-027;    // Mass of proton, kg

+M_e = 9e-031;    // Mass of electron, kg

+c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s

+delta_m = M_n-(M_p + M_e);    // Mass defect, kg

+E = delta_m*c^2/1.6e-013;    // Energy released, MeV

+printf("\nThe energy produced when a neutron breaks into a proton and an electron  = %4.2f MeV", E);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy produced when a neutron breaks into a proton and an electron  = 0.73 MeV
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.4/Ch07Ex4.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.4/Ch07Ex4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8e138f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.4/Ch07Ex4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.4: Pg:288 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+f0 = 8e+06;    // Cyclotron frequency, c/s

+c = 3e+010;    // Speed of light, cm/s

+m = 1.67e-024;    // Mass of proton, gm

+q = 4.8e-010/c;    // Charge on a proton, esu

+// Since the cyclotron frequency is given by fo = q*B/2*%pi*m. On solving it for B, we have 

+B = 2*%pi*m*f0/q;    // Magnetic field, Weber per meter square 

+printf("\nThe magnetic field to accelerate protons = %5.3f Wb per Sq. m", B/1e+04);

+

+// Result 

+// The magnetic field to accelerate protons = 0.525 Wb per Sq. m 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.5/Ch07Ex5.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.5/Ch07Ex5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..330e83e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.5/Ch07Ex5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.5: Pg:288 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+m = 3.34e-027;    // Mass of deutron, gm

+q = 1.6e-019;    // Charge, coulomb

+r = 0.2;    // Radius of the path of deutron, meter

+B = 1.5;    // Magnetic field, weber per meter square

+v = q*B*r/m;    // velocity of the deutron, m/s

+E = 1/2*m*v^2/1.6e-013;    // Energy of the deutron, MeV

+printf("\nThe velocity of deutron = %5.3e m/s ", v);

+printf("\nThe energy of deutron = %5.3f MeV ", E);

+

+// Result 

+// The velocity of deutron = 1.437e+007 m/s 

+// The energy of deutron = 2.156 MeV  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.6/Ch07Ex6.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.6/Ch07Ex6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6c794cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.6/Ch07Ex6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.6: Pg:293 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+dE = 15/1e+006;    // Increase in energy per revolution, MeV

+n = 1e+006;    // Number of revolutions

+E = dE*n;    // Final energy of an electron after 10e+06 revolutions, MeV

+printf("\nThe energy of an electron undergoing revolutions = %2.0f MeV ", E);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy of an electron undergoing revolutions = 15 MeV  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.7/Ch07Ex7.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.7/Ch07Ex7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f78ebc68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.7/Ch07Ex7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.7: Pg:294 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s

+e = 1.6e-019;    // Charge of an electron, coulomb

+B = 0.5;    // Maximum magnetic field at the electron orbit, Weber per meter square

+R = 0.75;    // Radius of the orbit, meter

+omega = 50;    // frequency of alternating current through electromagnetic coils, Hz

+N = c/(4*2*%pi*omega*R);    // Number of revolutions

+E = B*e*R*c/(e*1e+006);    // Final energy of the electrons, MeV

+E_av = E*1e+06/N;    // Average energy per revolution, eV

+printf("\nThe final energy of electron = %5.1f MeV ", E);

+printf("\nThe average energy of electron = %3.0f eV ", E_av);

+

+// Result 

+// The final energy of electron = 112.5 MeV 

+// The average energy of electron = 353 eV  

+// The answer is wrong in the textbook
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.8/Ch07Ex8.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.8/Ch07Ex8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc370f75b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.8/Ch07Ex8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.8: Pg:295 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+c = 3e+08;    // Velocity of light, m/s

+e = 1.6e-019;    // Charge of an electron, coulomb

+B = 0.5;    // Maximum magnetic field at the electron orbit, Weber per meter square

+D = 1.5;    // Diameter of the orbit, meter 

+R = D/2;    // Radius of the orbit, meter

+omega = 50;    // frequency of alternating current through electromagnetic coils, Hz

+N = c/(4*2*%pi*omega*R);    // Number of revolutions

+E = B*e*R*c/1.6e-013;    // Final energy of the electrons, MeV

+E_av = (E*1e+06)/N;    // Average energy per revolution, eV

+printf("\nThe energy per revolution of the electron = %4.1f eV ", E);

+printf("\nThe average energy of electron = %3.0f eV ", E_av);

+

+// Result 

+// The energy per revolution of the electron = 112.5 eV 

+// The average energy of electron = 353 eV 

+// The answer is given wrong in the textbook
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1871/CH7/EX7.9/Ch07Ex9.sce b/1871/CH7/EX7.9/Ch07Ex9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f19a0dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1871/CH7/EX7.9/Ch07Ex9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Scilab code Ex7.9: Pg:298 (2008)

+clc;clear;

+sigma = 2e+04*1e-028;    // Nuclear reaction cross-section, Sq.m

+x = 1e-04;    // Thickness of the sheet, meter

+m = 112;    // Mean atomic mass of cadmium, amu

+rho = 8.64e+03;    // Density of cadmium sheet, kg per cubic meter

+amu = 1.66e-027;    // Mass equivalent of 1 amu, kg

+// Since cadmium 113 contains 12 percent of natural cadmium. Thus 

+n = 12/100*rho/(m*amu);    // Number of nuclei per unit volume, atoms per cubic meter

+n_sigma = n*sigma;    // Microscopic cross-section, per length

+// As N = N0*exp(-n*sigma*x), so that (N - N0)/N0 = 1-exp(-n_sigma*x)

+frac_N = 1-exp(-n_sigma*x);

+N0 = 1;    // For simlicity assume number of incident neutrons be unity

+N = 1/100*N0;    // Given number of neutrons which pass through cadmium sheet

+x = -log(N/N0)/n_sigma*1e+003;    // Thickness of the cadmium sheet when one percent of the incident neutrons pass through the cadmium sheet, mm

+printf("\nThe fraction of the incident thermal neutrons absorbed by the cadmium sheet = %4.2f ", frac_N);

+printf("\nThe thickness of the cadmium sheet when one percent of the incident neutrons pass through the cadmium sheet = %4.2f mm", x);

+

+// Result 

+// The fraction of the incident thermal neutrons absorbed by the cadmium sheet = 0.67 

+// The thickness of the cadmium sheet when one percent of the incident neutrons pass through the cadmium sheet = 0.41 mm 
\ No newline at end of file