initial commit / add all books

164 files changed, 2109 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e30b57367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+printf("\n trnsfer function of the given network ")

+printf("\n Vi(s)=R*I(s)+s*L*I(s)")

+printf("\n V0=s*L*I")

+printf("\n V0(s)/Vi(s)=s*L*I/(R*I(s)+s*L*I(s))")

+printf("V0(s)/Vi(s)=s*L/(R+s*L) is the required transfer function")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7dc11966d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//find out transfer function of the system 

+

+printf("syms K1 K2 M1 M2 B12 fc1 fc2");printf(" the differential equations in laplace form are \n F(s)=X1(s)[s^2*M1+s*B12+s*fc1+K1]-B12*s*X2(s)")

+printf("\n X1(s)=X2(s)*(s^2*M2+B12*s+s*fc2+K2)/(B12*s)\nf=B12*s/((s^2*M2+B12*s+s*fc2+K2)*(s^2*M1+B12*s+s*fc1+K1)-s^2*B12);\n Transfer function X2(s)/F(s)=f")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.18/example18.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.18/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4eb583a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.18/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//write down systems of equations and find F(s)/X2(s)

+

+

+printf(" the differential equatios are \n F(s)=s^2*M1**X1(s)+(K1+K2)*X2(s)-K2*X2(s)")

+printf("\n X1(s)=X2(s)*(s^2*M2+K3+K2)/K2\n f=((s^2*M1+K1+K2)*(s^2*M2+K2+K3)-K2^2)/K2\n Transfer function F(s)/X2(s)=f")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.19/example18.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.19/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4eb583a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.19/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//write down systems of equations and find F(s)/X2(s)

+

+

+printf(" the differential equatios are \n F(s)=s^2*M1**X1(s)+(K1+K2)*X2(s)-K2*X2(s)")

+printf("\n X1(s)=X2(s)*(s^2*M2+K3+K2)/K2\n f=((s^2*M1+K1+K2)*(s^2*M2+K2+K3)-K2^2)/K2\n Transfer function F(s)/X2(s)=f")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a6b7aa52a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+printf("\n trnsfer function of the given network ")

+printf("\n E0(s)=(1/(C*s))*I(s)")

+printf("\n E0(s/Ei(s)=(I(s)/C*s)*((C*s)/(I(s)*(s^2*LC+s*R*C+1)))")

+printf(" E0(s/Ei(s)= 1/(s^2*LC+s*R*C+1)is the required transfer function")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.20/example20.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.20/example20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2eeb445a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.20/example20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+printf(" given \n N1=300\n N2=50 \n w1=3 rad/sec\n Torque for wheel 1=10Nm \n displacement for wheel 1=3 radian(clockwise)\n angular accerleration of wheel 1 is 4 rad/sec^2 ")

+printf("find a) r1:r2 and r1:r3\n b)w3,w4 \n c)torque for wheel 2,wheel 3 \n displacement for wheel 2,3and 4\n e) angular displacement of wheel3 ")

+n1=300;

+n2=50;

+n3=150;

+n4=30;

+r=n1/n2;

+r1=n1/n3;

+disp(r,"r1:r2=");

+disp(r1,"r1:r3=")

+w1=15;

+w3=r1*w1; w4=n1*w1/n2;

+disp(w3,"w3=")

+disp(w4,"w4=")

+t1=10;

+t2=t1/r;

+t3=t1/r1;

+disp(t2,"torque for wheel 2 (in Nm) is")

+disp(t3,"torque for wheel  3(in Nm) is")

+disp(d2,"displacement for wheel 2 (in radian) is")

+

+d1=3;

+d2=r*d1;

+d3=d2*n2/n3;

+d4=d3*n3/n1;

+disp(d3,"displacement for wheel 3 (in radian) is")

+disp(d4,"displacement for wheel 4 (in radian) is")

+a=r1*4;

+disp(a,"angular displacement for wheel 3(in rad/sec^2) is")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.23/example23.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.23/example23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f9497c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.23/example23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//determine the transfer function

+printf("z1=(1+R*C*s)/(C*s)\n z2=1/(C*s) \n g=z2/z2 \nTransfer function Eo(s)/Ei(s)=g")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.24/example24.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.24/example24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99df02246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.24/example24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//find out transfer function of the system 

+

+printf("z1=(1+R*C2*s)*C1/(C1+C2+C1*C2*R*s)\n f=K1/((s^2*M2+K1+K2)*(K1+s^2*M1)-K1^2 \n Transfer function of electrical network Vo(s)/Vi(s)=f");

+printf("g=(s*B+K2)/(K1+K2+s*B\n");

+printf("Transfer function ofmechanical network analogous to electrical network X2(s)/X1(s)=g");

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.26/example26.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.26/example26.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e633cfc7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.26/example26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//determine the transfer function

+printf("syms R1 R2 C1 C2\nz1=R2/(R2*C2*s+1);\n z2=(R1*C1*s+1)/(C1*s);\n g=z2/(z1+z2);Transfer function Eo(s)/Ei(s)=g")

+

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8976872ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//find transfer function of V2(s)/V1(s

+printf("syms R1 R2 C")

+printf("G=(R2+R1*R2*C*s)/(R1+R2+R1*R2*C*s)\n transfer function V2(s)/V1(s)=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.30/example30.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.30/example30.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9fa30d593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.30/example30.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+

+printf("syms G1 H1 G2 H2 H3 \n l1=G1/(1+G1*H1);//feedback configuration\n l2=G2/(1+G2*H2);//feedback configuration\n l3=l1*l2;//cascading combination\n g=l3/(1+l3*H3");

+printf("\nC(s)/R(s)=g")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.31/example31.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.31/example31.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad0a4d933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.31/example31.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//find the transfer function using block diagram reduction

+printf("syms R1 R2 C1 C2 \n l1=1/(1+R2*C2*s);//unity feedback\nl2=1/(s*C1); \n l3=1/R1;\n l4=s*C2;\n l5=1+R2*C2*s;\n g1=l1*l2;//cascading of blocks\ng2=g1/(1+g1*l4);//feedback configuration\n g3=l3*g2;//cascading of blocks\n g4=g3/(1+g3*l5);\nTransfer function Vo(s)/Vi(s)=g4")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.32/example32.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.32/example32.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93c711f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.32/example32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+printf("syms G1 H1 G2 H2 \nG3l1=G2*G3;//cascading of blocks\nl2=l1/(1+l1*H2);//feedback configuration\nl3=l2*G1;//cascading of blocksl4=H1/G3;l5=l3/(1+l3*l2)\n C(s)/R(s)=l5")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.34/example34.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.34/example34.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f96cbfc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.34/example34.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+printf("syms G1 H1 G2 H2 G3 G4\nl1=(G1-G1*G2*G4)/(1-G1*G2*G3*G4);//X1/R\nl2=G2*(1-G1*G3)/(1-G1*G2*G3*G4);//X2/R\n g=l1+l2;//X1/R+X2/R\n C(s)/R(s)=g");

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.35/example35.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.35/example35.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..447cdc54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.35/example35.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//determine transfer function using bloack diagram reduction techniques

+printf("syms H1 H2 G\n l1=H1/G;\n l2=1+l1;//parallel blocks\nl3=G/(1+G*H2);\nl4=l3*l2;\nC(s)/R(s)=l3");

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.37/example37.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.37/example37.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91810aa14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.37/example37.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+printf("syms G1 H1 G2 H2 G3\n l1=G3/(1+G3*H1);//feedback blocks\n l2=G2*l1;//cascading of blocks\n l3=H2/G3;\n l4=l2/(1+l2*l3);//-ve feedback\n l5=l4*G1;//cascading blocks\n l6=l5/(1+l5);C(s)/R(s)=l6")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.38/example38.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.38/example38.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc34dc297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.38/example38.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+printf("\nl1=3/(s+1);\n l2=-6/(s+2);\n l3=3/(s+3);\n g=l1+l2+l3;\nC(s)/R(s)=g")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.39/example39.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.39/example39.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a83e270b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.39/example39.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//derive transfer function using  block diagram reduction

+printf("syms G1 H1 G2 H2\nL1=G1*G2/(1+G2*H2+G1*G2*H1) //WHEN R3=0,R2=0,R4=0\nL2=G2/(1+G2*H2+G1*G2*H1) //WHEN R3=0,R1=0,R4=0\nL3=-G2/(1+G2*H2+G1*G2*H1) //WHEN R2=0,R1=0,R4=0\nL4=-G2*G1*H1/(1+G2*H2+G1*G2*H1) //WHEN R2=0,R1=0,R3=0\nl=L1+L2+L3+L4;\nC(s)/R(s)=l")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d0c9a78d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//find transfer function of lag network

+printf("syms R1 R2 C\n ei=(R1+R2+(1/C)*s);\n eo=(R2+(1/C)*s);\n G=eo/ei;\n transfer function Eo(s)/Ei(s)is:G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.41/example41.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.41/example41.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a34370b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.41/example41.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+printf("syms a12 a23 a32 a34 a42 a44 a35 a52 a45\n");

+printf("there are two forward paths:\n 1) x1 tox2 to x3 to x4 to x5\n 2) x1 to x2 to x3 to x5")

+printf("\nP1=a12*a23*a34*a45;//forward path2 gain\nP2=a12*a23*a35;//forward path1 gain\n//gain of individual loops\nL1=a23*a32;\nL2=a23*a34*a42;\nL3=a23*a34*a45*a52;\nL4=a23*a35*a52;\nL5=a44;\n//gain of two non touching loops\ng1=L1*L5;\n g2=L4*L5;\n//since all the loops touches the forward path1 and loop 5 do not touch forward path 2\nd1=1;\nd2=1-L5;\n d=1-(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5)+(g1+g2);\nG=(P1*d1+P2*d2)/d;\ntransfer function x5/x1=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.42/example42.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.42/example42.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8dde05aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.42/example42.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+printf("syms G1 G2 G3 G4 H1 H2 H3 H4\n//gains of forward paths\nP1=G1*G2*G3*G4;//forward path1 gain\nP2=G1*G5;//forward path2 gain\n//gain of individual loops\nL1=-G1*H1;\nL2=-G3*H2;\nL3=-G1*G2*G3*H3;\nL4=-H4;\n//gain of two non touching loops\ng1=G1*G3*H1*H2;\ng2=G1*H1*H4;\ng3=G3*H2*H4;\ng4=G1*G2*G3*H2*H4;\n//gain of three non touching loops\nl1=-G1*G3*H1*H2*H4;\n//since all the loops touches the forward path1 and loop 2 do not touch forward path 2\nd1=1;\nd2=1-L2;\nd=1-(L1+L2+L3+L4)+(g1+g2+g3+g4)-l1;\nG=(P1*d1+P2*d2)/d;\ntransfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.43/example43.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.43/example43.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4250148da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.43/example43.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+printf("syms G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 H1 H2 \n //gains of forward paths\n P1=G1*G2*G3*G6;//forward path1 gain\n P2=G1*G2*G4*G6;//forward path2 gain\nP3=G1*G2*G5*G6;//forward path3 gain\n //gain of individual loops\n L1=-G1*H1;\n L2=-G1*G2*G3*H2;\n L3=-G1*G2*G4*H2;\n L4=-G1*G2*G5*H2;\n //NO TWO NON TOUCHING LOOPS ARE THERE\n d1=1;\n d2=1;\n d3=1;\n d=1-(L1+L2+L3+L4);\n G=(P1*d1+P2*d2+P3*d3)/d;\ntransfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.44/example44.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.44/example44.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..966fe9aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.44/example44.sce
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+printf("//to find transfer function using mason gain formula\nsyms G1 G2 G3 G4  \n//gains of forward paths\nP1=G1*G2*G3;//forward path1 gain\n P2=G4;//forward path2 gain\n//gain of individual loops\nL1=-G1*G2;\nL2=G2*G3;\n//NO TWO NON TOUCHING LOOPS ARE THERE\n//since all the loops touches the forward path1 and loop1 and 2 do not touch forward path 2\\nd1=1;\nd2=1-(L1+L2);\nG=(P1*d1+P2*d2)/d2;\ntransfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.45/example45.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.45/example45.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae68be815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.45/example45.sce
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+printf("//to find transfer function using mason gain formula\n syms G1 G2 G3 G4 H1 H2 \n //gains of forward paths\n P1=G1*G2*G3;//forward path1 gain\n P2=-G1*G4;//forward path2 gain\n //gain of individual loops\nL1=-G1*G2*H1;\nL2=-G2*G3*H2;\nL3=-G1*G2*G3;\nL4=G1*G4;\nL5=G4*H2;\n//NO TWO NON TOUCHING LOOPS ARE THERE\nd1=1;\nd2=1;\nd=1-(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5);\nG=(P1*d1+P2*d2)/d;\ntransfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.46/example46.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.46/example46.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..db0d6b4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.46/example46.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+printf("syms G1 G2 G3 G4 H1 H2 \n //gains of forward paths\n P1=G1*G2*G3;//forward path1 gain\n P2=G4;//forward path2 gain\n //gain of individual loops\n L1=-G2*H1;\n L2=-G1*G2*H1;\n L3=-G2*G3*H2;\n //there are no two non touching loops\n //since all the loops touches the forward path1 and loop 1,2,3 do not touch forward path 2\n d1=1;\n d2=1-(L1+L3+L2);\n G=(P1*d1+P2*d2)/d2;\n transfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.48/example48.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.48/example48.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..11950933f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.48/example48.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+syms G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 H1 H2 

+//gains of forward paths

+P1=G2*G6*G4;//forward path1 gain

+P2=G3*G5*G7;//forward path2 gain

+P3=G1*G2*G7;//forward path3 gain

+P4=G3*G8*G6;//forward path4 gain

+P5=-G1*G2*G8*G6*H2;//forward path5 gain

+P6=-G3*G8*G1*G7*H1;//forward path6 gain

+//gain of individual loops

+L1=-G4*H1;

+L2=-G5*H2;

+L3=H1*H2*G1*G8;

+//gain of two non touching loops

+g1=G5*G4*H1*H2;

+

+//since all the loops touches the forward path3,4,5,6 and loop 2 do not touch forward path 1 and loop1 donot touch forward path2

+d1=1-L2;

+d2=1-L1;

+d3=1;

+d4=1;

+d5=1;

+d6=1;

+d=1-(L1+L2+L3)+g1;

+G=(P1*d1+P2*d2+P4*d4+P3*d3+P5*d5+P6*d6)/d;

+disp(G,"transfer function C/R=")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.49/example49.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.49/example49.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f31d3149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.49/example49.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//to find transfer function using mason gain formula

+

+printf("syms R1 R2 C1 C2 \n //gains of forward path\n P1=1/(R1*R2*C1*C2*s^2);//forward path1 gain\n //gain of individual loops\n L1=-1/(R1*C1*s);\n L2=-1/(R2*C1*s);\n L3=-1/(R2*C2*s);\n //gain of two non touching loops\n g1=1/(s^2*R1*R2*C1*C2);\n //since all the loops touches the forward path1 so\n d1=1\n d=1-(L1+L2+L3)+g1;\n G=(P1*d1)/d;\n transfer function C/R=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1518e17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//determine the transfer function

+printf("syms R1 R2 C1 C2 \n z1=R1/(R1*C1*s+1);\n z2=(R2*C2*s+1)/(C2*s)\n g=z2/(z1+z2)\n Transfer function Eo(s)/Ei(s)= g")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.51/example51.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.51/example51.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec240bdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.51/example51.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+printf("\n A thermometer has time constant =15.33sec\n its quickly taken from 0 (degree C) to water bath having a temperatur 100(degree C)\n find the temperature indicated after 60 sec ");

+printf("temperature indicated by thermometer can be given as =100*(1-e^-(t/T))");

+T=15.33;

+t=60;

+h=100*(1-%e^-(t/T));

+disp(h,"temperature indicated by thermometer(in degree C)) after 60 seconds=")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f13e07979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//determine the transfer function of the transformer coupled network

+printf("syms R1 R2 C2 C1 L1 L2 M L3 \n G=s^3*R2*C1*C2*M/(((s^2*C2*(L3+L2))+1+s*R2*C2)*(S^2*L1*C1+s*C1*R1+1)-M^2*s^4*C1*C2)\n Transfer function=G")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..519df72f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//find out transfer function of the system 

+

+printf("syms K1 K2 M1 M2")

+printf(" the differential equatios in laplace form are \n F(s)=M1*S^2*X1(s)+K1*X1(s)-K2*X2(s)")

+printf("\n X1(s)=X2(s)*(s^2*M2+K1+K2)/K1 \n f=K1/((s^2*M2+K1+K2)*(K1+s^2*M1)-K1^2)\nTransfer function X2(s)/F(s)=f")

diff --git a/1151/CH1/EX1.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH1/EX1.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b42fac7fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH1/EX1.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+//write down  equations for block diagram

+printf("F(s)=M*s^2*X(s)+B*S*X(s)+K*X(s) \n given\n  M=10 kg  \n B=30N/m/sec \n K=20N/m")

+printf("putting the values in the above equation")

+printf("F(s)=10*s^2*X(s)+30*S*X(s)+20*X(s")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a23cec31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+printf(" Given C(s)/R(s)=14/(s^2+1.4*s+14)")

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+1.4*s+14=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(14);

+d=1.4/(2*w);

+d1=.7;

+t=2*(d1-d)/w;

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+rt=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-d)/d)))/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+disp(t,"Td=")

+disp(pt1,"peak time(in sec)for sytem without derivative control is")

+disp(rt,"rise time(in sec)for sytem without derivative control is")

+disp(mo1,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem without derivative control is")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=14*(1+0.274*s)/(s^2+5.236*s+14)")

+printf("c(t)=1-e^(-2.618*t)*cos(2.673*t)+0.455*e^(-2.618t)*sin(2.673t)")

+tp=(%pi-atan(2.58))/2.673;

+tr=(1/2.673)*atan(1/0.455);

+mo2=1-%e^(-2.618*tp)*cos(2.673*tp)+0.455*%e^(-2.618*tp)*sin(2.673*tp);

+mp=(mo2-1)*100;

+disp(tp,"peak time(in sec)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(tr,"rise time(in sec)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(mp,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem with derivative control is")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c398f90f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+1.4*s+14=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(14);

+d=1.4/(2*w);

+d1=.7;

+Kt=2*(d1-d)/w;

+ess1=2*d/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(ess1,"steady state error without derivative control = ")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=w^2/(s^2+(2dw+w^2Kt)*s+w^2)=14/(s^2+5.23*s+14")

+disp(Kt,"Kt=")

+rt=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-d1)/d1)))/(w*sqrt(1-d1^2));

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d1^2));

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d1)/sqrt(1-d1^2))*100;

+ess2=2*d1/w+Kt;

+disp(pt1,"peak time(in sec)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(rt,"rise time(in sec)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(mo1,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(ess2,"steady state error with derivative control = ")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60ef2b195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+printf(" Given C(s)/R(s)=10/(s^2+2*s+10)")

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+2*s+10=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(10);

+d=1/(2*w);

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+ts1=4/(d*w);

+ess1=2*d/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(ess1,"steady state error without error control = ")

+disp(ts1,"settling time(in sec)for sytem without  derivative control is")

+disp(mo1,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem without derivative control is")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=10(1+s*Ke)/(s*(s+2)+10*(1+s*Ke))")

+printf("characterstic equation of the error control system is s^2+s*(2+10*Ke)+10=0");

+Ke=(2*d*w-2)/10;

+disp(Ke,"Ke=");

+printf("characterstic equation of the error control system with Ke = 0.16 is s^2+s*3.16+10)=0");

+d2=3.16/(2*w);

+mo2=exp((-%pi*d2)/sqrt(1-d2^2))*100;

+ts2=4/(d2*w);

+ess2=2*d2/w;

+disp(d2,"damping ratio for error control system=")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec) of error control system=")

+disp(ess2,"steady state error with error control = ")

+disp(ts2,"settling time(in sec)for sytem with derivative control is")

+disp(mo2,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem with derivative control is")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3b65377a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+printf(" unity feedback system with transfer function G(s)=K/(s*(s+10))\n Determine K so that the syetm will have damping ratio0.5.For this value of K find settling time ,peak overshootand peak time for unit step input");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is  1+G(s)H(s)=s^2+10*s+K=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d=0.5;

+K=(10/(2*d))^2;

+w=sqrt(K);

+ts1=4/(d*w);

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+disp(K,"K=")

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(pt1,"peak time(in sec)for sytem  is")

+disp(mo1,"maximum overshoot(in %)for sytem  is")

+disp(ts1,"settling time(in sec)is")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b843949ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+printf(" Given G(s)=10/(s*(s+2))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is 1+G(s)H(s)= s^2+2*s+10=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(10);

+d=1/(2*w);

+ess1=2*d/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(ess1,"steady state error without error control = ")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=10/(s^2+(2+K)*s+10))")

+printf("characterstic equation of the error control system is s^2+s*(2+K)+10=0");

+K=(2*d*w-2)/10;

+disp(K,"K=");

+ess=0.38

+disp(ess,"steady state error=")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97e9a310d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+printf(" Given G(s)=10/(s*(s+2))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is 1+G(s)H(s)= s^2+2*s+10=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(10);

+d=1/(2*w);

+ess1=2*d/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(ess1,"steady state error without error control = ")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=2*Ka/(s^2+s*(2+2*Ka)+2*Ka))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the error control system is s^2+s*(2+2*Ka)+2*Ka=0");

+printf("1+Kt=0.2*Ka");

+Ka=(1.98/0.4)^2;

+Kt=0.2*Ka-1;

+disp(Ka,"Ka=")

+disp(Kt,"Kt=")

diff --git a/1151/CH11/EX11.7/example7.sce b/1151/CH11/EX11.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97e9a310d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH11/EX11.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+printf(" Given G(s)=10/(s*(s+2))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is 1+G(s)H(s)= s^2+2*s+10=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(10);

+d=1/(2*w);

+ess1=2*d/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio")

+disp(w,"natural frrequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(ess1,"steady state error without error control = ")

+printf("overal transfer function with derivative control is C(s)/R(s)=2*Ka/(s^2+s*(2+2*Ka)+2*Ka))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the error control system is s^2+s*(2+2*Ka)+2*Ka=0");

+printf("1+Kt=0.2*Ka");

+Ka=(1.98/0.4)^2;

+Kt=0.2*Ka-1;

+disp(Ka,"Ka=")

+disp(Kt,"Kt=")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b90889e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//determine rise time,peak time,setlling time and peak overshoot 

+delta=0.5 // damping ratio

+w=6//rad/sec

+rt=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-delta)/delta)))/(w*sqrt(1-delta^2));

+disp(rt,"the rise time is ")//seconds

+pt=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-delta^2));

+disp(pt,"peak time is")//seconds

+st=4/(delta*w);

+mo=exp((-%pi*delta)/sqrt(1-delta^2))*100;

+disp(st,"settling time(in seconds)")

+disp(mo,"maximum overshoot(in %)")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27edd2158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =K/(s^2+K*H*s+K))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+K*H*s+K=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d1=log(0.25);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+w=%pi/(2*sqrt(1-d^2));

+K=w^2;

+H=2*d*w/K;

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=");

+disp(K,"value of K=");

+disp(H,"value of H=");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.11/example11.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1576d394f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+printf("the second order control system has  transfer function Q(s)/T(s)=1/(J*s^2+f*s+k)");

+printf("given T(s)= 10/s");

+printf("Q(s)=1/(s*(J*s^2+f*s+k)");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is J*s^2+f*s+k =0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+k=10/0.5; 

+d1=log(0.06);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+w=%pi/sqrt(1-d^2);

+j=k/w^2;

+f=2*d*w*j;

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=");

+disp(k,"value of K=");

+disp(j,"value of J=");

+disp(f,"value of f=");

+

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.12/example12.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.12/example12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fdcd3ffaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.12/example12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =16/(s^2+(4+16*K)*s+16)");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is 4+16*K)*s+16=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(16);

+d=0.8;//given

+k=(2*d*w-4)/16;

+mo=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+disp(k,"value of K=");

+disp(mo,"maximum overshoot(in %)");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.13/example13.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.13/example13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ba6dd74a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.13/example13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+ clc;printf("closed loop transfer function =(K/T)/(s^2+s/T+K/T))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+s/T+K/T=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d2=0.9;

+d1=0.3;

+c=(d1/d2)^2;

+disp(c,"K1/K2=")

+printf("hence,the gain K1 at which d=0.3 should be multiplied by 1/9 in order to increase the damping ratio from 0.3 to 0.9");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.14/example14.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.14/example14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a158107f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.14/example14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ clc;printf("closed loop transfer function =(K/T)/(s^2+s/T+K/T))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+s/T+K/T=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d1=log(0.254);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+w=%pi/(3*sqrt(1-d^2));

+t=1/(2*d*w);

+k=w^2*t;

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=");

+disp(k,"value of K=");

+disp(t,"value of T=");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.15/example15.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.15/example15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f468b1077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.15/example15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =16/(s^2+s+16)");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+s+16=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(16);

+d=0.5/w;

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=");

+printf("now consider H(s)=1+Ks");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+(1+16K)*s+16=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d1=0.6;

+k=(2*w*d1-1)/16;

+disp(k," value of K when d=0.6 is")

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+pt2=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d1^2));

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+mo2=exp((-%pi*d1)/sqrt(1-d1^2))*100;

+st1=4/(d*w);

+st2=4/(d1*w);

+disp(pt1,"peak time (in sec) when damping ratio is 0.125:");

+disp(pt2,"peak time(in sec) when damping ratio is 0.6:");

+disp(mo1,"mAXIMUM OVERSHOOT (in %) when damping ratio is 0.125:");

+disp(mo2,"mAXIMUM OVERSHOOT (in %) when damping ratio is 0.6:");

+disp(st1,"setlling time(in sec) when damping ratio is 0.125:");

+disp(st2,"setlling time (in sec) when damping ratio is 0.:");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.16/example16.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.16/example16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..429dea3c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.16/example16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+printf(" given d1=0.8 and d2=0.2"); 

+printf(" we have to dtermine the time constant T for which the damping ratio is reduced from 0.8 to 0.2");

+d1=0.8;

+d2=0.2;

+c=d1/d2;

+disp(c^2,"T2/T1=");

+printf("hence, the original time constant T1 should be multiplied by 16, then the damping ratio becomes 0.2");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.17/example17.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.17/example17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4536643c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.17/example17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =16/(s^2+(0.8+16K)*s+16");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+(0.8+16K)*s+16=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(16);

+d=0.5;

+k=(2*w*d-0.8)/16;

+rt=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-d)/d)))/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+st1=4/(d*w);

+disp(k," value of K is");

+disp(pt1,"peak time (in sec) :");

+disp(mo1,"mAXIMUM OVERSHOOT (in %) :");

+disp(st1,"setlling time(in sec):");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.18/example18.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.18/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec53d3f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.18/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =K/(s^2+(2+kK)*s+K) withd=0.7 and w=4 rad/sec");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+(2+kK)*s+K=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=4;

+K=w^2;

+d=0.7;

+k=(2*d*w-2)/K;

+disp(K,"Value of K is");

+disp(k,"Value of k is");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.19/example19.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.19/example19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2eccf2eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.19/example19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+printf ("time required ny the thermometer to indicate 9805 of the response to a step input=1 minute=60 seconds");

+printf("for 1st order sytem \n c(t)=1-e^(-t/T)\n we have to find time constant T");

+c=0.98;

+d=1-c;

+f=log(d);

+h=-60/f;

+disp(h,"time constant T (in sec)=");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.20/example20.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.20/example20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55df0d043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.20/example20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =10/(s^2+(1+10K)*s+10) with d=0.5" );

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+(1+10K)*s+10=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d=0.5;

+w=sqrt(10);

+k=(2*d*w-1)/10;

+disp(k,"Value of K is");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.22/example22.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.22/example22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..099d83e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.22/example22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =1/s(s+1)");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+s+1=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=1;

+d=0.5/w;

+rt=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-d)/d)))/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+pt1=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+mo1=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+st1=4/(d*w);

+disp(k," value of K is");

+disp(pt1,"peak time (in sec) :");

+disp(mo1,"mAXIMUM OVERSHOOT (in %) :");

+disp(st1,"setlling time(in sec):");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.23/example23.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.23/example23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dadde6f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.23/example23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function C(s)/R(s)=w^2/(s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2)");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+printf("we have to determine w and d given maximum overshoot=0.05 and settling time =2 sec");

+t=2;

+d1=log(0.05);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+w=4/(d*t);

+disp(d,"damping ratio:");

+disp(w,"natural undamped frequency (in rad/sec):")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.24/example24.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.24/example24.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7e255738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.24/example24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+printf("given G(s)=K/(s*(1+s*T)) \n Mp=20 percent \n resonant frequency=6 rad/sec\n we have to determine the value of K,T,resonant peak")

+printf(" H(s)=1 \n C(s)/R(s)=G(s)/(1+G(s)*H(s)) \n =(K/T)/(s^2+s/T+(K/T)");

+printf("compare with w^2/(s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2)");

+d1=log(0.2);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+wr=6;

+w=wr/sqrt(1-(2*(d^2)));

+K=sqrt(4*d*w^2);

+T=sqrt(4*d/w^2);

+mr=1/(2*d*sqrt(1-d^2));

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency (in rad/sec)=")

+disp(d,"damping ratio=")

+disp(K,"value of K=")

+disp(T,"value of T=")

+disp(mr,"resonance peak=")

+

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.25/example25.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.25/example25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41036b583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.25/example25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+printf("given c(t)=1+0.2^e-60t-1.2*e^-10t");

+printf("Laplace transform is C(s)=600/(s*(s+10)*(s+60))\n R(s)=1/s \n transfer function is C(s)/R(s)=600/((s+2)*(s+60))");

+printf("characterstic equation of this system is s^2+70*s+600=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(600);

+d=70/(2*w);

+disp(d,"damping ratio:");

+disp(w,"natural undamped frequency (in rad/sec):")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ca7c33c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//time requiredto get second peak

+

+printf("c(s)=25/(s*(s^2+8*s+25))");

+w=sqrt(25);

+d=0.8;

+t=3*%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+disp(t,"required time");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68c8194e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+printf("C(s)=16/(s^2+(0.8+16a)*s+16)");

+w=sqrt(16);delta=0.5;

+a=(2*d*w-0.8)/16;

+t=(%pi-atan(sqrt((1-delta)/delta)))/(w*sqrt(1-delta^2));

+mo=exp((-%pi*delta)/sqrt(1-delta^2))*100;

+disp(t,"the rise time (in seconds)is ")//seconds

+disp(mo,"maximum overshoot(in%)")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..032514139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =G/(s^2+3*s+G)");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+3*s+G=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+d=0.6;//assume

+G=(1.5/d)^2;

+G'=2*G;

+w=sqrt(G');

+d'=1.5/w;

+w'=w*sqrt(1-d'^2);

+t=2*%pi/w';

+disp(G,"the minimum value of G for the step response of the system that it will exhibit an overshoot is");

+disp(t,"if G is twice the minimum value then time period T(in sec)= ")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61349a9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+printf("open loop transfer function G(s)=10/((s+2)*(s+5))");

+printf("for unity feedback system H(s)=1")

+printf("characterstic equation of closed loop  system is 1+G(s)H(s)=0");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+7*s+");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+w=sqrt(20);

+d=7/(2*w);

+mo=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=")

+disp(mo,"maximum overshoot(in %)")

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05b386c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+ printf("closed loop transfer function =K/(s^2+s/T+K/T))");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+s/T+K/T=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+m1=.75;

+m2=.25;

+t1=-log(m1);

+t2=-log(m2);

+c=t1/t2;

+d1=.4037;d2=.09118;

+e=d1/d2;

+disp(e^2,"K1/K2=");

diff --git a/1151/CH2/EX2.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH2/EX2.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8a0079a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH2/EX2.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+printf("closed loop transfer function =1/(s^2+R/L*s+1/LC)");

+printf("characterstic equation of the given system is s^2+R/L*s+1/LC=0");

+printf("compare it with the standard second order characterstic equation s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2=0");

+R=1000; //given

+L=10^-2;//given

+C=10^-8;//given

+d=R/2*sqrt(C/L);

+w=1/sqrt(L*C);

+disp(d,"damping ratio=");

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency(in rad/sec)=");

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.1/test.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.1/test.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3b21be32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.1/test.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([0 0 50],'s','coeff');

+q= poly([0.1 2 10],'s','coeff');

+M=p/q

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H

+disp (Ess ," for unit ramp input Ess=")

+ else printf (" for unit ramp input Es s=infinite\n")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Es s=0 \n")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H

+ disp (Ess ," for unit parabolic input Ess=")

+ else printf (" for unit parabolic  input Ess=infinite \n")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..df1d8eced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([5 10 500],'s','coeff' );

+q= poly([1.8 25 10 0 0],'s','coeff' );

+M=p/q

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R;

+     kp=(1-Ess)/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+disp(kp,"Kp=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+kv=1/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," for unit ramp input Ess=")

+disp(kv,"Kv=")

+ else printf (" for unit  ramp input Ess=infiite \n")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Ess=0 \nn")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+ka=1/Ess;

+ disp (Ess ," for unit parabolic input Ess=")

+ diisp(ka,"Ka=")

+ else printf (" for unit parabolic  input Ess=infinite \nn")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f63bc25b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ // g i v e n G(s)H(s) =K/ s (s+20) H(s)=1   R(s)=1/s^2

+G =1+400/(s*(s+20));

+h=1/G;

+r=1/s^2;

+e= 0.05;

+disp (e," Steady state error=")

+//if ess=0.02 then k=?

+k=20/0.02;

+disp(k,"K=");

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..09c3505fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([0 0 20],'s','coeff');

+q= poly([1 2 22 4 40 0], 's','coeff');

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R;

+     kp=(1-Ess)/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+disp(kp,"Kp=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Ess=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+kv=1/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," for unit ramp input Ess=")

+disp(kv,"Kv=")

+ else printf (" for unit ramp input Ess=infinite \nn")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" for unit parabolic input Ess=0 \nn")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+ka=1/Ess;

+ disp (Ess ," for unit parabolic input Ess=")

+ diisp(ka,"Ka=")

+ else printf (" for unit parabolic input Ess=infinite\nn")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3af87f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([0 0 108],'s','coeff');

+q= poly([1 7 24 48 0 0],'s','coeff');

+M=p/q

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R;

+     kp=(1-Ess)/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+disp(kp,"Kp=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+kv=1/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," for unitramp input Ess=")

+disp(kv,"Kv=")

+ else printf (" for unit ramp input Ess=infinite \nn")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Es s=0 \nn")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+ka=1/Ess;

+ disp (Ess ," for unit parabolic input Ess=")

+ diisp(ka,"Ka=")

+ else printf (" for unit parabolic input Ess=infinite\nn")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49a69ac1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//determine the type of following feedback system

+printf("a) G(s)=K/((s+10)*(s+5) \n solution : Since in denominator the power of s is zero i.e.m=0,henece its type  zero system");

+printf("\n b) G(s)=20/(s*(0.05*s+1)*(0.1*s+1) \n solution : Since in denominator the power of s is one i.e.m=1,henece its type  one system\n");

+printf("c) G(s)=20*(s+2)/(s^3*(s+2)*(s^2+5*s+5) \n solution : Since in denominator the power of s is three i.e.m=3,henece its type  three system\n");

+printf("d) G(s)=K/(s*(s+1)*(s+2) \n solution : Since in denominator the power of s is one i.e.m=1,henece its type  one system\n");

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8572fbdca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([0 0 1],'s','coeff');

+q= poly([1 2 3 2],'s','coeff');

+M=p/q

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R;

+     kp=(1-Ess)/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+disp(kp,"Kp=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+kv=1/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=")

+disp(kv,"Kv=")

+ else printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=i n f \nn")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Es s=0 \nn")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+ka=1/Ess;

+ disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Es s=")

+ diisp(ka,"Ka=")

+ else printf (" f o r u n i t p a r a b o l i c input Es s=i n f \nn")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH3/EX3.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH3/EX3.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..75f107ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH3/EX3.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+s=%s

+p= poly([0 0 20],'s','coeff');

+q= poly([1 2 22 4 4 0],'s','coeff');

+M=p/q

+ disp (M,"M( s )=")

+ H =1;

+ R =1;

+ b= coeff (p)

+a= coeff (q)

+// s t e p input

+if (a(1 ,1) ==b(1 ,1)) then

+     printf (" f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=0 \nn" )

+ else

+     Ess =1/ H*(1 -(b(1 ,1)*H/a(1 ,1)))*R;

+     kp=(1-Ess)/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," f o r u n i t s t e p input Ess=")

+disp(kp,"Kp=")

+ end

+// ramp input

+ c=0

+ for i =1:2

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+ end

+end

+if(c ==2)

+printf (" f o r u n i t ramp input Es s=0 \nn")

+else if(c ==1) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,2) -b(1 ,2)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+kv=1/Ess;

+disp (Ess ," for unitramp input Es s=")

+disp(kv,"Kv=")

+ else printf (" for unit ramp input Ess=infinite \nn")

+ end

+ end

+// p a r a b o l i c input

+c=0

+for i =1:3

+if(a(1,i)-b(1,i)*H ==0) then

+c=c+1

+end

+end

+if(c ==3)

+printf (" for unit parabolic input Ess=0 \nn")

+ else if(c ==2) then

+Ess =(a(1 ,3) -b(1 ,3)*H)/a(1 ,1)*H;

+ka=1/Ess;

+ disp (Ess ," for unit parabolic input Ess=")

+ diisp(ka,"Ka=")

+ else printf (" for unit parabolic input Ess=infinite \nn")

+ end

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.1/example.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.1/example.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7bfde7a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.1/example.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ // bode p l o t is given in the question we have to find transfer function

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',20*s/((s+1)*(s +10)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode')

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

+printf("a) First line has a slope of 20 db/decade indicating a term in numerator ");

+printf("b) At w=1 rad/sec slope changes from +20 db/decade to 0 db/decade indicating a term (s+1)in denominator(net change 0 bd/decade)");

+printf("c) At w=10 rad/sec slope changes from 0 db/decade to- 20b/decade indicating a term (1+s/10)in denominator");

+printf("e) its also mention 20 logK=6")

+k=2;

+disp(K,"K=");

+printf("the given transfer function is G(s)=20*s/((s+1)*(s +10)))");

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e843ecff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',1000/(s*(0.1*s +1)*(0.001*s +1)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.11/example11.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a940b02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',16*(1+0.5*s)/(s^2*(0.125*s +1)*(0.1*s +1)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,' bode ' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.12/example12.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.12/example12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ec83ef3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.12/example12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',50/(s*(0.25*s +1)*(0.1*s +1)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.13/example13.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.13/example13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d589fa988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.13/example13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',23.7*(1+s)*(1+0.2*s)/(s*(0.1*s +1)*(3*s +1)*(1+0.5*s)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.14/example14.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.14/example14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16dbf1a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.14/example14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',512*(s+3)/(s*(s^2+16*s+256)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.15/example15.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.15/example15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58890eaf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.15/example15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+ // bode p l o t is given already in the question w have to solve the folowing parts

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',10^5/((0.2*s+1)*(0.025*s +1)*(0.01*s +1)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

+printf("a) At w=5 rad/sec slope changes -20 db/decade indicating a term (1+s/5)or(1+0.2*s)in denominator");

+printf("b) At w=40 rad/sec slope changes -60 db/decade indicating a term (1+s/40)^2in denominator(net change -40 bd/decade)");

+printf("c) At w=100 rad/sec slope changes - d80b/decade indicating a term (1+s/100)or(1+0.01*s)in denominator");

+printf("d) its also mention 20 logK=100")

+k=10^5;

+disp(K,"K=");

+printf("the given transfer function is G(s)=10^5/((0.2*s+1)*(0.025*s +1)*(0.01*s +1))");

+p1=-(atan(5*0.2)+2*atan(0.025*5)+atan(0.01*5));

+p2=-(atan(40*0.2)+2*atan(0.025*40)+atan(0.01*40));

+p3=-(atan(100*0.2)+2*atan(0.025*100)+atan(0.01*100));

+disp(p1," at w=5 rad /sec phase change is");

+disp(p2," at w=40 rad /sec phase change is");

+disp(p3," at w=5 rad /sec phase change is");

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.16/example16.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.16/example16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29b86c783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.16/example16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+ // bode p l o t is given in the question we have to find transfer function

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',48/(s*(s +20)*(s^2+2.52*s +16)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

+printf("a) At w=1 rad/sec slope changes -20 db/decade indicating a term K/s \n");

+printf("b) At w=4 rad/sec slope changes from -20 db/decade to -60 db/decade indicating a term (1+2d/w*s+s^2/w^2)in denominator(net change -40 bd/decade)\n ");

+printf("c) At w=10 rad/sec slope changes from -60 db/decade to- 40b/decade indicating a term (1+s/10)in numerator\n");

+printf("d) At w=20 rad/sec slope changes from --40 db/decade to- -60b/decade indicating a term (1+s/20)in denominator\n");

+printf("e) its also mention 20 logK=3.521")

+k=1.5;

+disp(K,"K=");

+printf("the given transfer function is G(s)=48/(s*(s +20)*(s^2+2.52*s +16))");

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.17/example17.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.17/example17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23ffc89b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.17/example17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ // bode p l o t is given in the question we have to find transfer function

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',20*s/((s+1)*(s +10)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

+printf("a) First line has a slope of 20 db/decade indicating a term in numerator \n");

+printf("b) At w=1 rad/sec slope changes from +20 db/decade to 0 db/decade indicating a term (s+1)in denominator(net change 0 bd/decade)\n");

+printf("c) At w=10 rad/sec slope changes from 0 db/decade to- 20b/decade indicating a term (1+s/10)in denominator\n");

+printf("e) its also mention 20 logK=6\n")

+k=2;

+disp(K,"K=");

+printf("the given transfer function is G(s)=20*s/((s+1)*(s +10)))\n");

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.18/example18.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.18/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..014d5efc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.18/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// given g(s)=100/s(s+6.54)

+printf("given G(s)=g(s)=100/s(s+6.54) \n H(s)=1 \n C(s)/R(s)=G(s)/(1+G(s)*H(s)) \n =100/(s^2+6.54*s+100)");

+printf("compare with w^2/(s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2)");

+w=sqrt(100);

+d=6.54/(2*w);

+wr=w*sqrt(1-2*d^2);

+mr=1/(2*d*sqrt(1-d^2));

+b=w*sqrt(1-2*d^2+sqrt(2-4*d^2+4*d^4));

+disp(w,"undamped natural frequency (in rad/sec)=")

+disp(d,"damping ratio=")

+disp(wr,"resonant frequency (in rad/sec)=")

+disp(mr,"resonance peak=")

+disp(b,"bandwidth of closed loop system(in rad/sec)=")

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.19/example19.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.19/example19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fbaf74fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.19/example19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//givenC(s)/R(s)=G(s)/(1+G(s)*H(s))=w^2/(s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2)

+printf("given R(s)=G(s)/(1+G(s)*H(s))=w^2/(s^2+2*d*w*s+w^2)\n its also given maximum overshoot should not exceed 30 percent  ");

+d1=log(0.3);

+d=sqrt(d1^2/(d1^2+%pi^2));

+mr=1/(2*d*sqrt(1-d^2));

+w=10;

+b=w*sqrt(1-2*d^2+sqrt(2-4*d^2+4*d^4));

+disp(d,"damping ratio=")

+disp(mr,"resonance peak=")

+disp(b,"bandwidth of closed loop system(in rad/sec)=")

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.20/example20.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.20/example20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa7395b6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.20/example20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//find %overshoot and peak time

+printf("given mr=1.4 and wr=3 rad/sec");

+p1=poly([1 -1 0.1275],'x','c')

+r=roots(p1)

+disp(r)

+d=sqrt(0.1505)

+mo=exp((-%pi*d)/sqrt(1-d^2))*100;

+disp(mo,"maximum overshoot(in %)")

+wr=3

+w=wr/sqrt(1-2*d^2);

+pt=%pi/(w*sqrt(1-d^2));

+disp(pt,"peak time (in sec)=");

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.21/example21.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.21/example21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..962d7bcf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.21/example21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t 

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',10/(s*(0.2*s +1)*(0.05*s +1)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.22/example22.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.22/example22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..434847bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.22/example22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+printf("given G(s)H(s)=(as+1)/s^2 \n we have to find the value of a for which phase margin is 45 degree\n");

+printf("G(jw)H(jw)=(1+ajw)/(jw)^2  and  <G(jw))H(jw)=-180+atan aw\n")

+aw=tan(45);

+a=sqrt(1/sqrt(2));

+printf("the value of a is");

+disp(a);

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.23/example23.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.23/example23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46a5faee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.23/example23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ // bode p l o t %e^(-0.3*s)/(s*(1+s)

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',1/(s*(1+s))) //%e^(-0.3*s) has no effect on bode plot

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,'bode' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else

+printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eabe34b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH4/EX4.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// bode p l o t

+s=%s;

+sys = syslin('c',2500/(s*(s +5)*(s +50)))

+bode(sys)

+show_margins (sys ,' bode ' )

+gm= g_margin (sys)

+pm= p_margin (sys)

+disp (gm ," g a in margin=")

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+if (gm <=0 | pm <=0)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else

+printf (" sys t em i s s t a b l e ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eec217369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+4)*(s+5); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]); 

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de5e587ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+6)*(s^2+4*s+13); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49cdbcce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+4)*(s^2+4*s+20); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3ea61d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=s+1; 

+den=s*(s-1); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49cdbcce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+4)*(s^2+4*s+20); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4ff0d625b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=(s^2+6*s+10); 

+den=(s^2+2*s+10); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..494d74172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=(s+12); 

+den=s*s*(s+20); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c2cd5a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s^2+6*s+12); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95e0e90ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s^2+6*s+10); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.18/example19.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.18/example19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5da3d30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.18/example19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=(s^2-2*s+5); 

+den=(s^2+1.5*s-1); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.2/example3.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.2/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d64c28653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.2/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s^2+4*s+8); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d64c28653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s^2+4*s+8); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3daacb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+1)*(s^2+4*s+5); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..377cbe4ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=s+1; 

+den=s*s*(s+3.6); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..255042b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s^2+4*s+13); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f90fdd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+2)*(s+4); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f90fdd91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+2)*(s+4); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3ea61d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=s+1; 

+den=s*(s-1); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de96b9368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+6*s^2+4*s +1;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf (" sys t em i s s t a b l e ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69ada3df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s ^5+2*s ^4+24*s^3+48*s^2-25*s-50;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m)

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n s=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+ if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+ end

+ end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf (" sys t em i s ma r g i n a l l y s t a b l e ")

+ end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.11/example11.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2e3bdec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// d e t e rmi n i n g c r i t i c a l v a l u e o f K

+s=%s

+syms K

+m=s ^3+6.5* s ^2+10* s +10* K

+cof_a_0 = coeffs (m, ' s ' ,0);

+cof_a_1 = coeffs (m, ' s ' ,1);

+cof_a_2 = coeffs (m, ' s ' ,2);

+cof_a_3 = coeffs (m, ' s ' ,3);

+ r=[ cof_a_0 cof_a_1 cof_a_2 cof_a_3 ]

+ n= length (r);

+ routh =[r ([4 ,2]) ;r ([3 ,1]) ];

+routh =[ routh ;- det ( routh )/ routh (2 ,1) ,0];

+t= routh (2:3 ,1:2) ; // e x t r a c t i n g the s qu a r e sub b l o c ko f r outh mat r ix

+ routh =[ routh ;- det (t)/t(2 ,1) ,0]

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+routh (3 ,1) =0 // For ma r g ina ly s t a b l e sys t em

+sys = syslin ( ' c ' ,10/(s ^3+6.5* s ^2+10* s ))

+k= kpure ( sys )

+disp (k,"K( ma r g ina l )=")

+disp ( '=0 ' ,routh (2 ,1) *(s^2) +1.5*10^7*k," a u x i l l a r y e q u a t i o n ")

+p= poly ([ 10* K,0 ,6.5] , ' s ' , ' c o e f f ' )

+s= roots (p)

+disp (s," Fr equency o f o s c i l l a t i o n ( i n rad / s e c )=")

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.12/example12.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.12/example12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff846183c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.12/example12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^3+7*s^2+25*s+39;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf (" sys t em i s s t a b l e ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.13/example13.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.13/example13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce50f5449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.13/example13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+8*s^2+4*s +3;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.14/example14.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.14/example14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7407ef0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.14/example14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+ s=%s;

+ syms K

+ p=s^2 -(K +2) *s +((2* K) +5)

+cof_a_0 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,0);

+ cof_a_1 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,1);

+ cof_a_2 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,2);

+ r=[ cof_a_0 cof_a_1 cof_a_2 ]

+ n= length (r);

+routh =[r ([3 ,1]) ;r (2) ,0];

+routh =[ routh ;- det ( routh )/ routh (2 ,1) ,0];

+ disp (routh ," r outh=")

+// f o r sys t em to be s t a b l e

+ routh (2 ,1) >0

+

+ K < -2;

+ routh (3 ,1) >0

+K > -2.5;

+disp ("For s t a b l e sys tem , 􀀀2>K>􀀀2.5")

+ // f o r l imi t e d s t a b i l i t y

+routh (2 ,1) =0

+ K=-2

+ routh (3 ,1) =0

+ K= -2.5

+ disp ("For l imt e d s t a b l e sys t em K=􀀀2 and K=􀀀2.5")

+ // f o r u n s t a b l e sys t em

+ disp ("For u n s t a b l e sys t em K<􀀀2 or K>􀀀2.5")

+ roots (p) // g i v e s the r o o t s o f the po l ynomi a l m

+// f o r c r i t i c a l l y damped c a s e

+28 g=(K+2) ^2 -4*((2* K) +5)

+ roots (g)

+ // f o r s t a b l i t y K=6.47 i s u n s t a b l e

+ // f o r c r i t i c a l damping K=􀀀2.47

+ disp ("For underdamded cas e , 􀀀2>K>􀀀2.47")

+disp (" f o r overdamped cas e , 􀀀2.47>K>􀀀2.5")

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.15/example15.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.15/example15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99f283036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.15/example15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+s=%s;

+ syms K a

+ p=s ^4+10* s ^3+32* s ^2+( K +32) *s+(K*a)

+cof_a_0 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,0);

+cof_a_1 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,1);

+ cof_a_2 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,2);

+cof_a_3 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,3);

+ cof_a_4 = coeffs (p, ' s ' ,4);

+r=[ cof_a_0 cof_a_1 cof_a_3 cof_a_4 ]

+ n= length (r);

+ routh =[r ([5 ,3 ,1]) ;r ([4 ,2]) ,0]

+routh =[ routh ;- det ( routh (1:2 ,1:2) )/ routh (2 ,1) ,-det (routh (1:2 ,2:3) )/ routh (2 ,2) ,0];

+routh =[ routh ;- det ( routh (2:3 ,1:2) )/ routh (3 ,1) ,-det (routh (2:3 ,2:3) )/ routh (3 ,2) ,0];

+routh =[ routh ;- det ( routh (3:4 ,1:2) )/ routh (4 ,1) ,0 ,0];

+disp (routh ," r outh=")

+// f o r the g i v e n sys t em to be s t a b l e

+routh (3 ,1) >0

+K <288;

+routh (4 ,1) >0

+(288 -K)*(K +32) -100(K*a) >0

+// l e t K=200

+K =200;

+a =((288 - K)*(K +32) ) /(100* K)

+// v e l o c i t y e r r o r

+Kv =(K*a) /(4*2*4) ;

+// % v e l o c i t y e r r o r

+Kvs =100/ Kv

+disp (a," c o n t r o l parame t e r=")

+disp (K,"Gain=")

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.16/example16.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.16/example16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce50f5449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.16/example16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+8*s^2+4*s +3;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.17/example17.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.17/example17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce50f5449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.17/example17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+8*s^2+4*s +3;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.18/example18.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.18/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..79714d001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.18/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+s^2+4*s +2;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.19/exmple19.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.19/exmple19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..065bf8141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.19/exmple19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+ // e l eme n t s i n one row o f r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n s a r e a l lz e r o

+s=%s;

+m=s^6+3*s ^5+5* s ^4+9* s ^3+8* s ^2+6* s +4;

+disp (m)

+ r= coeff (m)

+ n= length (r)

+ routh = routh_t (m)

+ disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n s=")

+ c =0;

+for i =1: n

+ if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+ c=c+1;

+end

+ end

+ if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf("system is marginally stable")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c16de6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=2+3*s+s^2+2*s^3+2*s^4;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em i s u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf (" sys t em i s s t a b l e ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.20/example20.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.20/example20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e87195501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.20/example20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s; 

+num=1; 

+den=s*(s+2)*(s^2+6*s+25); 

+t=syslin('c',num/den); 

+clf; 

+evans(t); 

+mtlb_axis([-5 5 -5 5]);

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80a4e32da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=1+2*s+5*s^2+5*s^3+2*s^4;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" sys t em  i s  u n s t a b l e ")

+else printf (" sys t em  i s  s t a b l e ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..160608b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+s=%s;

+m=s^4+2*s^3+3*s^2+4*s +5;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.5/example5.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.5/example5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0de7a8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.5/example5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;s=%s;

+m=s^3+4.5*s^2+3.5*s +1.5;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faa5ef468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+clc;s=%s;

+m=s^5+6*s^4+3*s^3+2*s^2+s+1;

+disp (m)

+r= coeff (m)

+n= length (r)

+routh = routh_t (m) // Thi s Func t ion g e n e r a t e s the Routht a b l e

+disp (routh ," r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n=")

+c =0;

+for i =1: n

+if ( routh (i ,1) <0)

+c=c+1;

+end

+end

+if(c >=1)

+printf (" system is unstable ")

+else printf (" system is stable ")

+end

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.7/example7.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c634a2606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// f i r s t e l ement i n any row o f r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n i s z e r o

+clc;s=%s

+m=s^4+s ^3+2* s ^2+2* s+3

+r= coeff (m); // Ex t r a c t s the c o e f f i c i e n t o f the po l ynomi a l

+n= length (r);

+routh = routh_t (m)

+disp (routh ," r outh=")

+printf (" since there are two sign changes the system is unstable")

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fbb5ce9f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// f i r s t e l ement i n any row o f r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n i s z e r o

+clc;s=%s

+m=s^5+2*s^4+2*s^3+4*s^2+11*s+10;

+r= coeff (m); // Ex t r a c t s the c o e f f i c i e n t o f the po l ynomi a l

+n= length (r);

+routh = routh_t (m)

+disp (routh ," r outh=")

+printf (" since there are two sign changes the system is unstable")

diff --git a/1151/CH6/EX6.9/example9.sce b/1151/CH6/EX6.9/example9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b2bd1854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH6/EX6.9/example9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// f i r s t e l ement i n any row o f r o u t h s t a b u l a t i o n i s z e r o

+clc;s=%s

+m=s^3+s+1;

+r= coeff (m); // Ex t r a c t s the c o e f f i c i e n t o f the po l ynomi a l

+n= length (r);

+routh = routh_t (m)

+disp (routh ," r outh=")

+printf (" since there are two sign changes the system is unstable")

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.1/example_1.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.1/example_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64ed703a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.1/example_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+h=syslin('c',(1/(s*(1+s))));//assume T=1

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.10/example_10.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.10/example_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebc3b871a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.10/example_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=%s;

+num=60;

+den=(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+5);

+ansys=syslin('c',(num/den));

+nyquist(ansys,-1,1000);

+printf("No pole on the right half plane i.e.:\n P=0");

+printf(" N=0\n Z=0");

+disp("hence the system is stable")

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.11/example_11.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.11/example_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce8ba4faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.11/example_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+s=%s;

+num=1;

+den=s*(s+2)*(s+10);

+ansys=syslin('c',(num/den));

+nyquist(ansys,-1,1000);

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.2/example_2.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.2/example_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..742b9f5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.2/example_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')//lets assume T1=1 nad T2=2 and we have considered unity feedback system

+h=syslin('c',1/(s^2+3*s+1));

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.3/example_3.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.3/example_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85b9cbbb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.3/example_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+h=syslin('c',1/(s^2)/(1+s));

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.4/example_4.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.4/example_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08913799c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.4/example_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+h=syslin('c',1/(2*s^3+3*s^2+s));

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.5/example_5.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.5/example_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61c1b4bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.5/example_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+a=(s+1)*(s+2)*(s+1.5);//denominator of transfer function

+h=syslin('c',1/a);//here G(s)H(s)is represented by h

+

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.6/example_6.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.6/example_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2bec3798e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.6/example_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+a=(1+4*s);

+b=s^2*(1+s)*(1+2*s);

+d=a/b;

+h=syslin('c',d);

+clf();   

+nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.7/example_7.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.7/example_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a334bc29a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.7/example_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+h=syslin('c',1/(s*(1+2*s)*(1+s)));

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.8/example_8.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.8/example_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d145a3358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.8/example_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+s=poly(0,'s')

+h=syslin('c',1/((s+1)*(s+2)*(s+3)));

+clf();    nyquist(h)

+// add a datatip

+ax=gca();

+h_h=ax.children($).children(2);//handle on Nyquist curve of h

+tip=datatipCreate(h_h,[1.331,0.684]);

+datatipSetOrientation(tip,"upper left");

+k=kpure(h)

+disp(k,"the system is stable for0 <k<");

diff --git a/1151/CH7/EX7.9/example_9.sce b/1151/CH7/EX7.9/example_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87a4193ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH7/EX7.9/example_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+s=%s;

+num=(1-s);

+den=(s+1);

+ansys=syslin('c',(num/den));

+nyquist(ansys,-1,1000);

+printf("When K>1:nobopen loop pole is on right half of the s plane P=0");

+printf("number of encirclement of point(-1+j0)N=1\n N=Z-P\n1=Z-0\n Z=1");

+printf("hence the system is unstable")

+printf("When K<1: P=0");

+printf(" N=0\n Z=0");

+printf("hence the system is stable")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23990970a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+printf("given the differential equation  \n let select the state variables as x1=y,x2=y(dot),x3=y(double dot)")

+a=[0 1 0;0 0 1;-10 -11 -6]

+b=[0;0;8]

+

+disp("x(t)=[x1;x2;x3]")

+disp(a,"A=")

+disp(b,"B=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.10/example10.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.10/example10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe885f0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.10/example10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+A =[-1 0 0;0 -2 0;0 0 -3]

+B =[1;1;0]

+x=[0 1 2]

+p=cont_mat(A,B)

+disp (p," controllability matrix=");

+d=det(p)

+if d==0 

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is uncontrollable");

+else

+printf ("system is controllable ");

+end

+s=%s

+[r c]= size (A)

+h=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(h)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

+

+

+

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.11/example11.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.11/example11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..142e3c5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.11/example11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+A =[-0.5 0;0 -2]

+B =[0;1]

+C=[0 1]

+p=cont_mat(A,B)

+disp (p," controllability matrix=");

+d=det(p)

+if d==0 

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is uncontrollable");

+else

+printf ("system is controllable ");

+end

+g= obsv_mat (A,C);

+disp (g," Observability Matrix=");

+i= det(g)

+if i ==0

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is unobservable");

+else

+printf (" system is observable ");

+end 

+

+

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.14/example14.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.14/example14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d91050edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.14/example14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+s=%s ;//convert to state space 

+K=1;

+TFcont=syslin ('c',K/(s ^4+3*s^3+3*s^2+3*s+2))

+SScont=tf2ss (TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont( 2 ) , SScont( 3 ) )

+disp(SScont)

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.15/example15.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.15/example15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f5320d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.15/example15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+s=%s ;// convert to state space

+

+TFcont=syslin ('c',20*(10*s+1)/(s^3+3*s^2+2*s+1))

+SScont=tf2ss (TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont( 2 ) , SScont( 3 ) )

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.16/example16.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.16/example16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b0c3f5898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.16/example16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+s=%s ;//convert to state space 

+TFcont=syslin ('c',2/(s^3+6*s^2+11*s+6))

+SScont=tf2ss (TFcont)

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont( 2 ) , SScont( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"A=")

+disp(Bc,"B=")

+C=[1 0 0]

+p=cont_mat(Ac,Bc)

+disp (p," controllability matrix=");

+d=det(p)

+if d==0 

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is uncontrollable");

+else

+printf ("system is controllable ");

+end

+g= obsv_mat (Ac,C);

+disp (g," Observability Matrix=");

+i= det(g)

+if i ==0

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is unobservable");

+else

+printf (" system is observable ");

+end 

+

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.17/example17.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.17/example17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81b5cee0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.17/example17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s;

+A =[-1 1;0 -2];

+B =[1 0 1;0 1 1];

+x =[1 2;1 0;1 1];

+[r c]= size (A)

+p=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(p)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.18/example18.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.18/example18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c1cd75c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.18/example18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s ;// convert to state space

+

+TFcont=syslin ('c',20*(4*s+2)/(s^3+5*s^2+8*s+2))

+SScont=tf2ss (TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont( 2 ) , SScont( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"Matrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"Matrix B=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.19/example19.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.19/example19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d39cce0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.19/example19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s ;// convert to state space

+

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(s+2)/(s^3+3*s^2+2*s+10))

+SScont=tf2ss (TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont( 2 ) , SScont( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"Matrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"Matrix B=")

+C=[2 1 0]

+disp(C," Matrix Ct=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64aa7a822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+clear ; clc;

+xdel ( winsid ()); // c l o s e a l l windows

+mode (0)

+x1 = [1; 2; 3]

+x2 = [1; 0; 1]

+x3 = [2; 2; 4]

+A = [x1 x2 x3 ];

+disp (A, ' [ x1 : x2 : x3 ] =' );

+disp ( clean ( det (A)), ' de t ( [ x1 : x2 : x3 ] ) =' ); // s i n g u l a r

+x3 = [2;2;2]

+A = [x1 x2 x3 ];

+disp (A, ' [ x1 : x2 : x3 ] =' );

+disp (det(A), ' de t ( [ x1 : x2 : x3 ] ) =' );

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.20/example20.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.20/example20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de1526dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.20/example20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+A=[-1 0 0;0 -2 0;0 0 -3]//controlability and observebility

+B=[1;1;0]

+C=[1 0 2]

+p=cont_mat(A,B)

+disp (p," controllability matrix=");

+d=det(p)

+if d==0 

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is uncontrollable");

+else

+printf ("system is controllable ");

+end

+g= obsv_mat (A,C);

+disp (g," Observability Matrix=");

+i= det(g)

+if i ==0

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is unobservable");

+else

+printf (" system is observable ");

+end 

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.21/example21.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.21/example21.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa03cc76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.21/example21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//check the obersebability of the system

+A=[-1 0;0 -2]

+C=[1 1]

+g= obsv_mat (A,C);

+disp (g," Observability Matrix=");

+i= det(g)

+if i ==0

+printf ("matrix is singular, so the system is unobservable");

+else

+printf (" system is observable ");

+end 

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.22/example22.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.22/example22.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbe97f347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.22/example22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s'

+A =[0 1 0;0 0 1;0 -2 -3]

+B =[0;0;1]

+x=[1 2 0]

+[r c]= size (A)

+h=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(h)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.23/example23.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.23/example23.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbce113e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.23/example23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s;//find transfer function of the given system

+A =[-2 -1;-3 -2];

+B =[3;4];

+x =[2 1];

+[r c]= size (A)

+p=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(p)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.25/example25.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.25/example25.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a72b3b612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.25/example25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(1+0.5*s)/(s^2+2*s+0.5) )

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"MAtrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"MAtrix B=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.27/example27.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.27/example27.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4dbcf962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.27/example27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(1+0.5*s)/(s^2+2*s+0.5) )

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.28/example28.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.28/example28.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95fbf373a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.28/example28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',1/(s^3+6*s^2+11*s+6) )

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"MAtrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"MAtrix B=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e7a6c675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+clear ; clc;

+ xdel ( winsid ()); // c l o s e a l l windows

+ s = %s;

+ num = 25.04* s + 5.008;

+den = poly([5.008 25.1026 5.03247 1],'s','c');

+Hss = cont_frm (num ,den);

+disp (Hss , ' Hss = ' )

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.31/example31.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.31/example31.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd280b90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.31/example31.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//write down dcf of the following state space

+A =[0 1 0;0 0 1; -6 -11 -6]

+T =[1 1 1;-1 -2 -3;1 4 9]

+Adcf =inv(T)*A*T

+disp (Adcf ,"Adcf=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.32/example32.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.32/example32.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a256373ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.32/example32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(s+6)/(s^2+5*s+6))

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"MAtrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"MAtrix B=")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.33/example33.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.33/example33.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a347a6fce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.33/example33.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(s^2+3*s+3)/(s^3+2*s^2+3*s-1))

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"MAtrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"MAtrix B=")

+s=%s;

+A =[0 0 1;1 0 -3;0 1 -2];

+B =[3;3;1];

+x =[0 0 1];

+[r c]= size (A)

+p=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(p)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.34/example34.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.34/example34.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3bb3caaad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.34/example34.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s ;

+//create state equation of the following matrix

+TFcont=syslin ('c',(s+6)/(s^2+5*s+6))

+SScont=tf2ss(TFcont )

+[Ac ,Bc ,U, ind ]=canon( SScont ( 2 ) , SScont ( 3 ) )

+disp(Ac,"MAtrix A=")

+disp(Bc,"MAtrix B=")

+

+

diff --git a/1151/CH8/EX8.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH8/EX8.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a95142ecd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH8/EX8.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+s=%s;

+A =[0 1;-2 -3];

+B =[0;1];

+x =[1 0];

+[r c]= size (A)

+p=s*eye(r,c)-A // s*I-A

+q=inv(p)

+c=x*q*B;

+disp(c,"required transfer function =")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.1/example1.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.1/example1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..245a6d809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.1/example1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+s=%s;//given Kv=1000sec^-1

+Kv =1000;

+g =Kv/( s*(0.1*s +1)* (1+.001*s))

+G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated system")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp (gm ," g a i n ma r g i n=")

+disp (( freqGM *2* %pi)," =gain margin frequency");

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," phase margin frequency=");

+printf (" sine the phase margin is less than the desired pahse margin so we need pahse lead compensator ")

+gc =(1+0.016* s) /(1+0.00214* s)

+Gc= syslin ('c',gc)

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lead compensator=");

+ G1=G*Gc

+disp (G1 ," overall transfer function=");

+fmin =0.01;

+ fmax =100;

+ bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+ show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated system")

+ [gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phase margin of compensated system=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," gain crossover frequency=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.2/example2.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.2/example2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ae8a0b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.2/example2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+s=%s;

+ K=20;//K=20sec^-1

+g = K/(s*(s+2)*(s+20));

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp(gm ," gain margin=")

+disp(( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp(pm ," phase margin=")

+disp(( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp("since the phase margin is greater than desired phase margin system need lag compensator ")

+gc =(5*s +1) /(1+50*s);

+ Gc= syslin ('c',gc);

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lag compensator=");

+G1=G*Gc

+disp (G1 ," overall transfer function=");

+fmin =0.01;

+ fmax =100;

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phase margin of compensated system=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," gain crossover frequency=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.3/example3.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.3/example3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b81db06a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.3/example3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+s=%s;

+// g i v e n Kv=20 : v e l o c i t y e r r o r c o n s t s n t

+ K =20;

+g =K/(s *(1+0.2*s))

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated system")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp (gm ," g a i n ma r g i n=")

+disp (( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp (" since phase margin is negative system is unstable ")

+disp (" /n hence we use a lead-lag compensator ")

+gc =(0.118*s +1)/(2.039*(1+0.058*s))

+Gc= syslin ('c',gc)

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lead lag compensator= ")

+G1=G*Gc;

+disp (G1 ," o v e r a l l t r a n s f e r f u n c t i o n=");

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phas e margin o f compensated sys t em=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," g a in c r o s s ov e r f r e q u e n c y=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.4/example4.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.4/example4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29065004b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.4/example4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+s=%s;

+// g i v e n Kv=30 sec^-1: v e l o c i t y e r r o r c o n s t s n t

+ K =30;

+g =K/(s (1+0.1*s)*(1+0.2*s))

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated system")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp (gm ," g a i n ma r g i n=")

+disp (( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp (" since phase margin is negative system is unstable ")

+disp (" /n hence we use a lead-lag compensator ")

+gc =(3.57*s +1)/(1+35.7*s)

+Gc= syslin ('c',gc)

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lead lag compensator= ")

+G1=G*Gc;

+disp (G1 ," o v e r a l l t r a n s f e r f u n c t i o n=");

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phas e margin o f compensated sys t em=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," g a in c r o s s ov e r f r e q u e n c y=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.6/example6.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.6/example6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87b872331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.6/example6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+s=%s;

+// g i v e n Ka=10 sec^-1

+ K =10;

+g =K/(s *s*(1+0.25*s))

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated system")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp (gm ," g a i n ma r g i n=")

+disp (( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp (pm ," phas e margin=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp (" since phase margin is negative system is unstable ")

+disp (" /n hence we use a lead-lag compensator ")

+gc =(0.374*s +1)^2/(1+0.074*s)^2

+Gc= syslin ('c',gc)

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lead lag compensator= ")

+G1=G*Gc;

+disp (G1 ," o v e r a l l t r a n s f e r f u n c t i o n=");

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phas e margin o f compensated sys t em=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," g a in c r o s s ov e r f r e q u e n c y=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.7/example7.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.7/example7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..898a51a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.7/example7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+s=%s;

+ K=2.664;//K=2.664sec^-1

+g = K/(s*(s+1)*(s+4));

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp(gm ," gain margin=")

+disp(( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp(pm ," phase margin=")

+disp(( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp("since the phase margin is greater than desired phase margin system need lag compensator ")

+gc =(s +0.1) /(0.013+s);

+ Gc= syslin ('c',gc);

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lag compensator=");

+G1=G*Gc

+disp (G1 ," overall transfer function=");

+fmin =0.01;

+ fmax =100;

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phase margin of compensated system=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," gain crossover frequency=")

diff --git a/1151/CH9/EX9.8/example8.sce b/1151/CH9/EX9.8/example8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..24f13ef43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1151/CH9/EX9.8/example8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+s=%s;

+ K=23.6;//K=23.6sec^-1

+g = K/(s*(s+4)*(s+5));

+ G= syslin ('c',g)

+fmin =0.01;

+fmax =100;

+bode (G,fmin , fmax )

+show_margins (G)

+xtitle (" uncompensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G)

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G)

+disp(gm ," gain margin=")

+disp(( freqGM *2* %pi)," g a in margin f r e q=");

+disp(pm ," phase margin=")

+disp(( freqPM *2* %pi)," phas e margin f r e q=");

+disp("since the phase margin is greater than desired phase margin system need lag compensator ")

+gc =(s +0.4) /(s+0.0944);

+ Gc= syslin ('c',gc);

+disp (Gc ," transfer function of lag compensator=");

+G1=G*Gc

+disp (G1 ," overall transfer function=");

+fmin =0.01;

+ fmax =100;

+bode (G1 ,fmin , fmax );

+show_margins (G1)

+xtitle (" compensated sys t em")

+[gm , freqGM ]= g_margin (G1);

+[pm , freqPM ]= p_margin (G1);

+disp (pm ," phase margin of compensated system=")

+disp (( freqPM *2* %pi)," gain crossover frequency=")