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| author | Trupti Kini | 2016-09-08 23:30:23 +0600 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Trupti Kini | 2016-09-08 23:30:23 +0600 |
| commit | 28bb57cacd0c8bd76a5c86d7e99e3583f02f0b6c (patch) | |
| tree | dd9b37ba32f2132675139f6d968e042f07e745e6 /OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad | |
| parent | f62f4df01e615088cfabe1576df1105aecafe132 (diff) | |
| download | Python-Textbook-Companions-28bb57cacd0c8bd76a5c86d7e99e3583f02f0b6c.tar.gz Python-Textbook-Companions-28bb57cacd0c8bd76a5c86d7e99e3583f02f0b6c.tar.bz2 Python-Textbook-Companions-28bb57cacd0c8bd76a5c86d7e99e3583f02f0b6c.zip | |
Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/6.1.png
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/6.png
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/7.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter1.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter2.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter3.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter4.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter5.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter6.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter7.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter8.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter9.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/README.txt
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/1.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/2.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/8.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter10_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter11_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter12_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter13_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter14_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter15_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter16_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter17_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter18_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter19_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter1_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter20_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter21_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter22_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter23_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter24_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter25_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter26_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter2_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter6_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter7_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter8_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter9_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter10_ac_load_line_5.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter18_clipping_ckt_output_6.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter8_dc_load_line_6.png
Diffstat (limited to 'OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad')
13 files changed, 5775 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter1.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4a0b038 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 1: Introduction to Operational Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.1_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector current Ic1 is 0.39 mA\n", + "Voltage Vc1 is 3.38 V\n", + "Voltage Ve4 is 2.68 V\n", + "Current Ie4 is 0.297 mA\n", + "Current Ic5 is 0.297 mA\n", + "Voltage Vc5 is 4.87 V\n", + "Voltage Ve6 is 4.17 V\n", + "Current Ie6 is 0.678 mA\n", + "Voltage Ve7 is 4.87 V\n", + "Current I1 is 2.82 mA\n", + "Current Ie8 is 2.82 mA\n", + "Voltage Ve8 at the output terminal is -0.35 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Example 1.1_a\n", + "#The equivalent circuit of the Motorola op-amp MC 1435 is shown in Figure.No-1.2\n", + "#Determine the collector current in each transistor and the dc voltage at the\n", + "#output terminal\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vcc=6 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Vbe5=0.7 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Vee=6 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Vbe3=6.7 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Vbe6=0.7 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Vbe7=0.7 #Voltage in volts\n", + "Rc1=6.7*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Ic1=0 #initialization\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vc1=Vcc-Rc1*Ic1\n", + "Ve4=Vc1-Vbe5\n", + "I4=(Ve4+Vee)/(9.1*10**3+5.5*10**3)\n", + "Vb3=5.5*10**3*I4-Vee\n", + "Ve3=Vb3-Vbe3\n", + "Ie3=(Ve3+Vbe3)/3.3*10**3\n", + "Ic1=1.08*10**-3/2.765 #Since Ie3=2*Ic1\n", + "Vc1=Vcc-Rc1*Ic1\n", + "Ve4=Vc1-Vbe5\n", + "Ie4=(Ve4+Vee)/(29.2*10**3)\n", + "Ic5=Ie4\n", + "Vc5=Vcc-3.8*10**3*Ic5\n", + "Ve6=Vc5-Vbe6\n", + "Ie6=(Ve6+Vee)/(15*10**3)\n", + "Ve7=Ve6+Vbe7\n", + "I1=(Vcc-Ve7)/400\n", + "Ie8=I1\n", + "Ve8=-Vee+2*10**3*Ie8\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Collector current Ic1 is\",round(Ic1*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Voltage Vc1 is\",round(Vc1,2),\"V\" \n", + "print \"Voltage Ve4 is\",round(Ve4,2),\"V\"\n", + "print \"Current Ie4 is\",round(Ie4*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Current Ic5 is\",round(Ic5*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Voltage Vc5 is\",round(Vc5,2),\"V\"\n", + "print \"Voltage Ve6 is\",round(Ve6,2),\"V\"\n", + "print \"Current Ie6 is\",round(Ie6*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Voltage Ve7 is\",round(Ve7,2),\"V\"\n", + "print \"Current I1 is\",round(I1*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Current Ie8 is\",round(Ie8*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Voltage Ve8 at the output terminal is\",round(Ve8,2),\"V\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.1_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain of the dual-input,balanced output-differential amplifier is 82.55\n", + "Voltage gain of the dual-input,unbalanced output-differential amplifier is 22.6\n", + "Overall gain of the op-amp is 1866.34\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Example 1.1_b, Figure.No-1.2\n", + "#Calculate the Voltage gain of the opamp\n", + "\n", + "#Variable decclaration\n", + "Ie1=0.39*10**-3 #Current in amps\n", + "Ie4=0.298*10**-3 #Current in amps\n", + "Ie6=0.678*10**-3 #Current in amps\n", + "Rc1=6.7*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rc5=3.8*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "beta_ac=150\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "re1=(25*10**-3)/Ie1\n", + "re2=re1\n", + "re4=(25*10**-3)/Ie4\n", + "re5=re4\n", + "re6=(25*10**-3)/Ie6\n", + "k=(Rc1*2*beta_ac*re4)/(Rc1+2*beta_ac*re4)\n", + "Ad1=k/re1\n", + "k1=(Rc5*beta_ac*(re6+15*10**3))/(Rc5+beta_ac*(re6+15*10**3))\n", + "Ad2=k1/(2*re5)\n", + "Ad=Ad1*Ad2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Voltage gain of the dual-input,balanced output-differential amplifier is\",round(Ad1,2)\n", + "print \"Voltage gain of the dual-input,unbalanced output-differential amplifier is\",round(Ad2,1)\n", + "print \"Overall gain of the op-amp is\",round(Ad,2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 1.1_c" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input resistance Ri is 19.23 kilo ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 1.1_c, Figure.No-1.2\n", + "#Determine the Input resistance of the opamp\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "beta_ac=150\n", + "re1=64.1 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ri=2*beta_ac*re1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Input resistance Ri is\",round(Ri/10**3,2),\"kilo ohms\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter2.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..129cd7d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 2: Interpretation of Data Sheets and Characteristics of an Op-Amp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.1_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is vo 2.4 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Example 2.1_a\n", + "#Determine the Output voltage for open-loop differential amplifier for figure 2_9\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "vin1=5*10**-6 #input voltage in volts\n", + "vin2=-7*10**-6 #input voltage in volts\n", + "A=200000 #Voltage gain\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "vo=A*(vin1-vin2) #Output voltage in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is vo\",vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.1_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is vo -2000.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Example 2.1_b\n", + "#Determine the Output voltage for open-loop differential amplifier for figure 2_9\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "vin1=10*10**-3 #input voltage in volts\n", + "vin2=20*10**-3 #input voltage in volts\n", + "A=200000 #Voltage gain\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "vo=A*(vin1-vin2) #Output voltage in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is vo\",vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.2_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is vo -4000.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 2.2_a\n", + "#Determine the Output voltage for an inverting amplifier for figure 2_10\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "vin1=20*10**-3 #input voltage in volts\n", + "A=200000 #Voltage gain\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "vo=-A*(vin1) #Output voltage in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is vo\",vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 2.2_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is vo 10.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 2.2_b\n", + "#Determine the Output voltage for an inverting amplifier for figure 2_10\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "vin1=-50*10**-6 #input voltage in volts\n", + "A=200000 #Voltage gain\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "vo=-A*(vin1) #Output voltage in volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is vo\",vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter3.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d73a725 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,415 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 3: An Op-Amp with Negative Feedback" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Closed-loop voltage gain is 11.0\n", + "Input resistance with feedback is 36.37 Giga Ohm\n", + "Output resistance with feedback is 4.12 mOhm\n", + "Bandwidth with feedback is 90.91 KHz\n", + "Total output offset voltage with feedback is 0.715 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.1\n", + "#Compute the following parameters of voltage-series feedback amplifier\n", + "#Af,Ri,Ro,fF,VooT\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1000 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=10000 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms \n", + "A=200000 #Open-loop voltage gain\n", + "Ri=2*10**6 #Input resistance without feedback\n", + "Ro=75 #Output resistance without feedback\n", + "fo=5 #Break frequency of an Op-amp\n", + "Vsat=13 #Saturation voltage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "B=R1/(R1+Rf) #Gain of the feedback circuit\n", + "Af=A/(1+A*B) #Closed-loop voltage gain\n", + "RiF=Ri*(1+A*B) #Input resistance with feedback\n", + "RoF=Ro/(1+A*B) #Output resistance with feedback\n", + "fF=fo*(1+A*B) #Bandwidth with feedback\n", + "VooT=Vsat/(1+A*B) #Total output offset voltage with feedback\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Closed-loop voltage gain is\",round(Af,2)\n", + "print \"Input resistance with feedback is\",round(RiF/10**9,2),\"Giga Ohm\"\n", + "print \"Output resistance with feedback is\",round(RoF*10**3,2),\"mOhm\"\n", + "print \"Bandwidth with feedback is\",round(fF/10**3,2),\"KHz\"\n", + "print \"Total output offset voltage with feedback is \",round(VooT*10**3,3),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Closed-loop voltage gain is 1.0\n", + "Input resistance with feedback is 400.0 Giga Ohm\n", + "Output resistance with feedback is 0.375 mOhm\n", + "Bandwidth with feedback is 1.0 MHz\n", + "Total output offset voltage with feedback is 65.0 uV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.2\n", + "#Compute the following parameters of voltage follower circuit of figure 3-7\n", + "#Af,Ri,Ro,fF,VooT\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1000 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=10000 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms \n", + "A=200000 #Open-loop voltage gain\n", + "Ri=2*10**6 #Input resistance without feedback\n", + "Ro=75 #Output resistance without feedback\n", + "fo=5 #Break frequency of an Op-amp\n", + "Vsat=13 #Saturation voltage\n", + "B=1 #Gain of the feedback circuit of voltage follower\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "Af=A/(1+A*B) #Closed-loop voltage gain\n", + "RiF=Ri*(1+A*B) #Input resistance with feedback\n", + "RoF=Ro/(1+A*B) #Output resistance with feedback\n", + "fF=fo*(1+A*B) #Bandwidth with feedback\n", + "VooT=Vsat/(1+A*B) #Total output offset voltage with feedback\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Closed-loop voltage gain is\",round(Af)\n", + "print \"Input resistance with feedback is\",round(RiF/10**9),\"Giga Ohm\"\n", + "print \"Output resistance with feedback is\",round(RoF*10**3,3),\"mOhm\"\n", + "print \"Bandwidth with feedback is\",round(fF/10**6,2),\"MHz\"\n", + "print \"Total output offset voltage with feedback is \",round(VooT*10**6,3),\"uV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Closed-loop voltage gain is -10.0\n", + "Input resistance with feedback is 470.0 Ohm\n", + "Output resistance with feedback is 4.12 mOhm\n", + "Bandwidth with feedback is 100.0 kHz\n", + "Total output offset voltage with feedback is 0.715 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.3\n", + "#Compute the following parameters of inverting amplifierof figure 3-8\n", + "#Af,Ri,Ro,fF,VooT\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=470 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=4.7*10**3 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms \n", + "A=200000 #Open-loop voltage gain\n", + "Ri=2*10**6 #Input resistance without feedback\n", + "Ro=75 #Output resistance without feedback\n", + "fo=5 #Break frequency of an Op-amp\n", + "Vsat=13 #Saturation voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "K=Rf/(R1+Rf) #Voltage attenuation factor\n", + "B=R1/(R1+Rf) #Gain of the feedback circuit\n", + "Af=-A*K/(1+A*B) #Closed-loop voltage gain\n", + "X=Rf/(1+A)\n", + "RiF=R1+(X*Ri)/(X+Ri) #Input resistance with feedback\n", + "RoF=Ro/(1+A*B) #Output resistance with feedback\n", + "fF=fo*(1+A*B)/K #Bandwidth with feedback\n", + "VooT=Vsat/(1+A*B) #Total output offset voltage with feedback\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Closed-loop voltage gain is\",round(Af)\n", + "print \"Input resistance with feedback is\",round(RiF),\"Ohm\"\n", + "print \"Output resistance with feedback is\",round(RoF*10**3,2),\"mOhm\"\n", + "print \"Bandwidth with feedback is\",round(fF/10**3),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Total output offset voltage with feedback is \",round(VooT*10**3,3),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f41141b6f90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is -10.0 V peak to peak\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=470 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=4.7*10**3 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms \n", + "A=200000 #Open-loop voltage gain\n", + "vin=1 #input voltage in Volts\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "K=Rf/(R1+Rf) #Voltage attenuation factor\n", + "B=R1/(R1+Rf) #Gain of the feedback circuit\n", + "Af=-A*K/(1+A*B) #Closed-loop voltage gain\n", + "vo=Af*vin #output voltage\n", + "\n", + "x=np.arange(0,4*math.pi,0.1)\n", + "y=-5*np.sin(x)\n", + "plt.plot(x,y)\n", + "plt.ylabel('vo')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.title(r'$output voltage$')\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",round(vo),\"V peak to peak\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.5_a & 3.5_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain is -10.0\n", + "Input resistance of inverting amplifier is 1.0 kilo ohms\n", + "Input resistance of noninverting amplifier is 11.0 kilo ohms\n", + "Output voktage is 3.0 V peak to peak at 100 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.5_a & 3.5_b\n", + "#For the circuit of figure 3_14,R1=R2=1 kilo ohm and the opamp is 741 IC.\n", + "#a) What are the gain and input resistance of the amplifier?\n", + "#b) Calculate output voltage vo if vx=2.7 V pp and vy=3 V pp sine waves at 100 Hz\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1000 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "R2=1000 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=10*10**3 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms\n", + "R3=10*10**3\n", + "vx=2.7 #input voltage in Volts\n", + "vy=3 #input voltage in Volts\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#part a\n", + "AD=-Rf/R1 #voltage gain\n", + "RiFx=R1 #Input resistance of inverting amplifier\n", + "RiFy=R2+R3 #Input resistance of noninverting amplifier\n", + "#part b\n", + "vxy=vx-vy\n", + "vo=AD*vxy #output volatage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Voltage gain is\",AD\n", + "print \"Input resistance of inverting amplifier is\",RiFx/10**3,\"kilo ohms\"\n", + "print \"Input resistance of noninverting amplifier is\",round(RiFy/10**3),\"kilo ohms\"\n", + "print \"Output voktage is\",vo,\"V peak to peak at 100 Hz\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.6_a & 3.6_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain is 11.0\n", + "Input resistance of first stage amplifier is 364.0 Giga ohms\n", + "Input resistance of second stage amplifier is 36.4 Giga ohms\n", + "Output voLtage is 5.5 V peak to peak at 1 KHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.6_a & 3.6_b\n", + "#For the differential amplifier of figure 3_16, R1=R3=680 ohm, Rf=R2=6.8 Kilo ohm\n", + "#vx=-1.5 V pp, vy=-2 V pp sine waves at 1 KHz and the opamp is 741 IC.\n", + "#a) What are the gain and input resistance of the amplifier?\n", + "#b) Calculate output voltage of the amplifier.(Assume vooT=0V)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=680 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "R2=6800 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=6800 #Feedback Resistance in Ohms\n", + "R3=680\n", + "Ri=2*10**6 #Open loop input resistance of the opamp\n", + "vx=-1.5 #input voltage in Volts\n", + "vy=-2 #input voltage in Volts\n", + "A=200000 #openloop gain\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#part a\n", + "AD=1+Rf/R1 #voltage gain\n", + "B=R2/(R2+R3)\n", + "RiFy=Ri*(1+A*B) #Input resistance of first stage amplifier\n", + "B=R1/(R1+Rf)\n", + "RiFx=Ri*(1+A*B) #Input resistance of second stage amplifier\n", + "#part b\n", + "vxy=vx-vy\n", + "vo=AD*vxy #output volatage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Voltage gain is\",AD\n", + "print \"Input resistance of first stage amplifier is\",round(RiFy/10**9),\"Giga ohms\"\n", + "print \"Input resistance of second stage amplifier is\",round(RiFx/10**9,1),\"Giga ohms\"\n", + "print \"Output voLtage is\",vo,\"V peak to peak at 1 KHz\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter4.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d79d5385 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4: The Practical Op-Amp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance Rb is 10.0 kilo ohms\n", + "Resistance Ra is 4.0 kilo ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.1\n", + "#Design a Compensating Network for the opamp LM307.\n", + "#The opamp uses +10 V and -10 V supply voltages.\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=10 #Supply voltage\n", + "Vio=10*10**-3 #Input offset voltage\n", + "Rc=10 #Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Rb=(V/Vio)*Rc\n", + "Ra=Rb/2.5 #Since Rb>Rmax,let us choose Rb=10*Rmax where Rmax=Ra/4\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Resistance Rb is\",Rb/10**3,\"kilo ohms\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Ra is \",Ra/10**3,\"kilo ohms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Max output offset voltage is 110.0 milli Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.2\n", + "#The opamp in the circuit of figure 4-13 is the LM307 with Vio=10 mV dc maximum.\n", + "#What is the maximum possible output offset voltage, Voo, caused by\n", + "#the input offset voltage Vio?\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=10*10**3\n", + "Vio=10*10**-3 #Input offset voltage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Aoo=1+Rf/R1 #To find max value of Voo,we reduce input voltage vin to zero.\n", + "Voo=Aoo*Vio #Max output offset voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage is\",Voo*10**3,\"milli Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Closed loop gain of non-inverting amplifier is 11.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.3\n", + "#Design an input offset voltage-compensating network for the circuit in\n", + "#figure 4-13\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=10*10**3\n", + "Rc=10\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Af=1+Rf/(R1+Rc) #Closed loop gain of non-inverting amplifier\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Closed loop gain of non-inverting amplifier is\",round(Af)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Max output offset voltage due to Vio is 606.0 milli Volts\n", + "Max output offset voltage due to Ib is 23.5 milli Volts\n", + "Parallel combination of R1 and Rf,i.e ROM is 465.35 Ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.4\n", + "#a) For the inverting amplifier of Figure 4-19, determine the maximum possible\n", + "#output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Vio and input bias current Ib\n", + "#The opamp is a type 741.\n", + "#b) What value of ROM is needed to reduce the effect of input bias current Ib.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=470\n", + "Rf=47*10**3\n", + "Vio=6*10**-3 #Input offset voltage\n", + "Ib=500*10**-9 #Input bias current\n", + "Vs=15 #Supply voltage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*Vio #Max output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Vio\n", + "VoIb=Rf*Ib #Max output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Ib\n", + "ROM=R1*Rf/(R1+Rf) #Parallel combination of R1 and Rf\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Vio is\",round(Voo*10**3),\"milli Volts\"\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Ib is \",round(VoIb*10**3,1),\"milli Volts\"\n", + "print \"Parallel combination of R1 and Rf,i.e ROM is \",round(ROM,2),\"Ohms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Max output offset voltage due to Vio is 606.0 milli Volts\n", + "Max output offset voltage due to Ib is 50.0 milli Volts\n", + "Parallel combination of R1 and Rf,i.e ROM is 990.1 Ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.5\n", + "#Repeat example 4.4 if R1 replaced by 1 kilo Ohm and Rf replaced by 100 kilo Ohm\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Vio=6*10**-3 #Input offset voltage\n", + "Ib=500*10**-9 #Input bias current\n", + "Vs=15 #Supply voltage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*Vio #Max output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Vio\n", + "VoIb=Rf*Ib #Max output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Ib\n", + "ROM=R1*Rf/(R1+Rf) #Parallel combination of R1 and Rf\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Vio is\",round(Voo*10**3),\"milli Volts\"\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Ib is \",round(VoIb*10**3,1),\"milli Volts\"\n", + "print \"Parallel combination of R1 and Rf,i.e ROM is \",round(ROM,2),\"Ohms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Max output offset voltage due to Ib is 20.0 milli Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.6\n", + "#For the inverting amplifier in figure 4-21, determine the maximum output offset\n", + "#voltage VoIio caused by the input offset current Iio.\n", + "#The opamp is a type 741\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Iio=200*10**-9 #Input offset current\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "VoIio=Rf*Iio #Max output offset voltage due to input offset voltage Ib\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Ib is \",round(VoIio*10**3),\"milli Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Max output offset voltage due to Ib is 85.0 milli Volts\n", + "Max output offset voltage due to Iio is 83.0 milli Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.7\n", + "#Compute the maximum possible output offset voltages in the amplifier circuits\n", + "#shown in the figure 4-22. The opamp is MC1536 with the following specifications.\n", + "#Vio=7.5 mV maximum, Iio=50 nA maximum,Ib=250 nA maximum at TA=25 degree celcius\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=10*10**3\n", + "Vio=7.5*10**-3 #Max input offset voltage\n", + "Iio=50*10**-9 #Max input offset current\n", + "Ib=250*10**-9 #Max input bias current\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "# For figure 4.22(a)\n", + "VooT1=(1+Rf/R1)*Vio+(Rf*Ib) #Since the current generated output offset voltage is due to input bias current Ib\n", + "# For figure 4.22(b)\n", + "VooT2=(1+Rf/R1)*Vio+(Rf*Iio) #Since the current generated output offset voltage is due to input offset current Ib\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Ib is \",VooT1*10**3,\"milli Volts\"\n", + "print \"Max output offset voltage due to Iio is \",VooT2*10**3,\"milli Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.8_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 30.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 1 is -69.4 mV\n", + "Output voltage 2 is -130.6 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.8_a\n", + "#Refer to the inverting amplifier in figure 4-24. The opamp is the LM307 with\n", + "#the following specifications.\n", + "#delta_Vio/delta_T =30 microVolt/degree celcius maximum\n", + "#delta_Iio/delta_T= 300 pA/degree celcius\n", + "#Vs=15 V, R1=1 Kilo Ohm, Rf=100 Kilo Ohm,Rl=10 Kilo Ohm\n", + "#Assume that the amplifier is nulled at 25 degree celcius. Calculate the value\n", + "#of the error voltage Ev and output voltage at 35 degree celcius if\n", + "#a) Vin= 1 mV dc\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=1*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=35-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=-(Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=-(Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",round(Ev*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.8_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 30.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 1 is -969.4 mV\n", + "Output voltage 2 is -1030.6 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.8_b\n", + "#Refer to the inverting amplifier in figure 4-24. The opamp is the LM307 with\n", + "#the following specifications.\n", + "#delta_Vio/delta_T =30 microVolt/degree celcius maximum\n", + "#delta_Iio/delta_T= 300 pA/degree celcius\n", + "#Vs=15 V, R1=1 Kilo Ohm, Rf=100 Kilo Ohm,Rl=10 Kilo Ohm\n", + "#Assume that the amplifier is nulled at 25 degree celcius. Calculate the value\n", + "#of the error voltage Ev and output voltage at 35 degree celcius if\n", + "#a) Vin= 10 mV dc\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=10*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=35-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=-(Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=-(Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",round(Ev*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.8_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 31, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 0.0306 Volts\n", + "Output voltage 1 is -0.0694 Volts\n", + "Output voltage 2 is -0.1306 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.8_a\n", + "#Design of Compensating Network\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=1*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=35-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=-(Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=-(Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",Ev,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",Vo1,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",Vo2,\"Volts\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.9_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 34, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 91.8 mV\n", + "Output voltage 1 is -908.2 mV\n", + "Output voltage 2 is -1091.8 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.9_a\n", + "#Refer again to the amplifier circuit in figure 4-24.Use the same circuit\n", + "#specifications that are given in example 4-8. Assume that the amplifier is\n", + "#nulled at 25 degree celcius. If Vin is a 10 mV peak sine wave at 1 kilo Hz\n", + "#Calculate Ev and Vo at 55 degree celcius.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=10*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=55-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=-(Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=-(Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",round(Ev*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.9_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6982087550>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.9_b\n", + "#Refer again to the amplifier circuit in figure 4-24.Use the same circuit\n", + "#specifications that are given in example 4-8. Assume that the amplifier is\n", + "#nulled at 25 degree celcius. If Vin is a 10 mV peak sine wave at 1 kilo Hz\n", + "#Draw the output voltage waveform at 55 degree celcius.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "x=np.arange(0,2*math.pi,0.1) #x coordinate\n", + "y=-1000*np.sin(x)+91.8 #y coordinate\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "plt.plot(x,y)\n", + "plt.ylabel('voltage')\n", + "plt.xlabel('time')\n", + "plt.title(r'$output waveform$')\n", + "plt.show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.10_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 37, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 30.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 1 is 131.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 2 is 70.4 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.10_a\n", + "#Repeat example 4-8 for the noniverting amplifier shown in figure 4-26.\n", + "#Assume that Rc<<R1.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=1*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=35-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=(1+Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=(1+Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",round(Ev*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.10_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 38, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error voltage is 30.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 1 is 1040.6 mV\n", + "Output voltage 2 is 979.4 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.10_b\n", + "#Repeat example 4-8 for the noniverting amplifier shown in figure 4-26.\n", + "#Assume that Rc<<R1.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=30*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_T=1 #Unit change in temperature\n", + "delta_Iio=(300*10**-12) #Change in input offset current\n", + "Vs=15\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Vin=10*10**-3 #Input voltage\n", + "k=25 #Amplifier is nulled at 25 deg\n", + "T=35-k #Change in temperature\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ev=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_T)*T + Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_T)*T #Error voltage\n", + "Vo1=(1+Rf/R1)*Vin+Ev #Output voltage\n", + "Vo2=(1+Rf/R1)*Vin-Ev #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Error voltage is \",round(Ev*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.11_a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 39, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in Output offset voltage is 3.2 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.11_a\n", + "#The amplifier in figure 4-28(b) is nulled when the low dc supply voltage is\n", + "#20 mV.\n", + "#Because of poor regulation,low dc voltage varies with time from 18 V to 22 V.\n", + "#a) Determine the change in the output offset voltage caused by the change in\n", + "#supply voltages\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=15.85*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_V=1 #Unit change in supply voltage\n", + "V=2 #Change in supply voltage\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_V)*V #Change in output offset voltage\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Change in Output offset voltage is \",round(delta_Voo*10**3,2),\"mV\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.11_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Total Output offset voltage 1 is -996.8 mV\n", + "Total Output offset voltage 2 is -1003.2 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.11_b\n", + "#The amplifier in figure 4-28(b) is nulled when the low dc supply voltage is\n", + "#20 mV.\n", + "#Because of poor regulation,low dc voltage varies with time from 18 V to 22 V.\n", + "#b) Determine the output voltage Vo if Vin=10 mV dc. The opamp is the LM307\n", + "#with SVRR=96 dB.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=15.85*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_V=1 #Unit change in supply voltage\n", + "V=2 #Change in supply voltage\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Vin=10*10**-3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_V)*V #Output offset voltage\n", + "Vo1=(-Rf/R1)*Vin+delta_Voo #Total output offset voltage 1\n", + "Vo2=(-Rf/R1)*Vin-delta_Voo #Total output offset voltage 2\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Total Output offset voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1*10**3,1),\"mV\"\n", + "print \"Total Output offset voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2*10**3,1),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.11_b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 42, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Total Output offset voltage 1 is -0.9968 Volts\n", + "Total Output offset voltage 2 is -1.0032 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.11_b\n", + "#Design of Compensating Network\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=15.85*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_V=1 #Unit change in supply voltage\n", + "V=2 #Change in supply voltage\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Vin=10*10**-3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_V)*V #Output offset voltage\n", + "Vo1=(-Rf/R1)*Vin+delta_Voo #Total output offset voltage 1\n", + "Vo2=(-Rf/R1)*Vin-delta_Voo #Total output offset voltage 2\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Total Output offset voltage 1 is \",round(Vo1,4),\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Total Output offset voltage 2 is \",round(Vo2,4),\"Volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 44, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in Output offset voltage 1 is 16.0 uV rms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.12\n", + "#Referring to figure 4-28(b), suppose that the circuit is nulled when the voltage\n", + "#across terminals +Vcc and -Vee measures 20 V dc. Also suppose that because of\n", + "#poor filtering, 10 mV rms ac ripple is measured across terminals +Vcc and -Vee.\n", + "#While the input signal Vin=0V, how much ripple voltage can we expect at the\n", + "#output if the opamp is the LM307.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=15.85*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_V=1 #Unit change in supply voltage\n", + "V=10*10**-3 #Change in supply voltage\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_Voo=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_V)*V #Output offset voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Change in Output offset voltage 1 is \",round(delta_Voo*10**6),\"uV rms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in Output offset voltage 1 is 2.82 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 4.13\n", + "#Suppose that the circuit in figure 4-24 is initially nulled. Assume also that\n", + "#room temperature and the voltage terminals +Vcc and -Vee remain constant.\n", + "#Determine the maximum possible chnage in output offset voltage after one month\n", + "#if the opamp is the LH0041C.\n", + "#Assume that R1=1kilo Ohm, Rf=100 kilo Ohm and Rl=10 kilo Ohm.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "delta_Vio=5*10**-6 #Change in input offset voltage\n", + "delta_t=1 #Unit change in time\n", + "delta_Iio=2*10**-9 #Change in input offset current \n", + "t=4 #Time elapsed(weeks)\n", + "R1=1*10**3\n", + "Rf=100*10**3\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_Voot=(1+Rf/R1)*(delta_Vio/delta_t)*t+Rf*(delta_Iio/delta_t)*t #Output offset voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Change in Output offset voltage 1 is \",round(delta_Voot*10**3,2),\"mV\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter5.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b5b33054 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5: Frequency response of an Op-Amp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff51168c210>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximum gain is 40 dB\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff4f28db750>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 5.1\n", + "#The 741C is connected as a noniverting amplifier.What maximum gain can be used\n", + "#that will still keep the amplifier's response flat to 10kHz.\n", + "\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, subplot, semilogx, savefig\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=np.arange(0,1000000) #frequency range\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f\n", + "A=200000 #Gain of opamp at 0 Hz\n", + "f0=5 #first break frequency in Hz\n", + "p=2.0*pi*f0\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "tf=A*p/(s+p) #open loop gain\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "subplot(211)\n", + "title('tf=p/(s+p)')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*log10(abs(tf)))\n", + "ylabel('Mag. Ratio (dB)')\n", + "\n", + "#Phase plot\n", + "subplot(212)\n", + "semilogx(f,arctan2(imag(tf),real(tf))*180.0/pi)\n", + "plt.ylabel('Phase (deg.)')\n", + "plt.xlabel('Freq (Hz)')\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "savefig('fig1.png') #savefig('fig1.eps')\n", + "\n", + "Amax=40 #from the graph\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Maximum gain is\",Amax,\"dB\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain equation is Aol(f)=A((1+(f/fo1)*j)*(1+(f/fo2)*j)\n", + "A,the gain of the opamp at 0 Hz is 140000\n", + "First break frequency fo1 is 6 Hz\n", + "Second break frequency fo2 is 1.24 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 5.2\n", + "#Using the frequency response and phase response curves obtained in figure 5-5\n", + "#Obtain the equation for the MC1556 opamp. Also determine the approximate values\n", + "#of the break frequencies.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "phase=-157.5 #Phase shift at about 3 MHz\n", + "f=3*10**6\n", + "fo1=6 #first break frequency,from the graph\n", + "A=140000 #Gain of the opamp at 0Hz\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=-math.atan(f/fo1)*180/math.pi-phase\n", + "fo2=f/math.tan(k*math.pi/180) #second break frequency\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain equation is Aol(f)=A((1+(f/fo1)*j)*(1+(f/fo2)*j)\"\n", + "print \"A,the gain of the opamp at 0 Hz is\",A\n", + "print \"First break frequency fo1 is\",fo1,\"Hz\" \n", + "print \"Second break frequency fo2 is\",round(fo2/10**6,2),\"MHz\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 5.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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/Xn3X3wbMwJbSfD6DcohkTH+1iNQVwqZPeBybi6cD8J/AXGARUBVz\n7K3OsTOAp4BRCa53CrbK2c6YfclWu/sN7pPOR9jKaQDVwCXp/iIiIpJdO3G/pP8BdMKaqXo7n5+J\nrdgH9gdWDbai2fHAO8AewN7Yao+/THD90XH7HwM+oG4z2Ka4c1o7144++TTHAohIoNQkJaXuG+o2\nSYWANdgTBVjAOBP7YgdoCRyGBYnngW+dVzWJnxw6Am/GbEeAG6nbvLQ55n0Z8CTw+5h7bsOC1R7O\nvUQCoYAhsrstcdu/Bf4St+8G6gaIZM1MiT6r79gqYC3WJBZ/jhYEkkCpD0Okfq8CV2BPFmDLWrbB\nRi4NxW2SGkziL/Q1QNsU71UBnIYFo1jNsWaybekUXCTb9IQhpS7Rl3zsvtexhWZmOdubgcuw5qJn\nsY7wT4F5JH5yeBMbVlvfPaPbI4H2uM1hL2FPHD1j7i8iIgWuksSjpMqw4NIsg2vfAZyXwfkiWaEm\nKZHsSfa0Mh641OM1mwN9gBe9FkpEREREREREREREREREREREREREREREsub/AcvxV8ZEmg1JAAAA\nAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff51a48b7d0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "From the plot it is seen that phase angle is -90 degree\n", + "when the magnitude is o dB.Since the phase angle reaches >-180\n", + "when the magnitude is 0dB, voltage follower is stable at 0dB\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff4f2c08510>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 5.3\n", + "#Determine the stability of the voltage follower shown in figure 3-7.\n", + "#Assume that the opamp is a 741 IC\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, subplot, semilogx, savefig\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=arange(10,1000000)\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f\n", + "A=200000\n", + "f0=5\n", + "p=2.0*pi*f0\n", + "B=1 #For voltage follower B=1\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "tf=A*p*B/(s+p) #open loop gain\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "subplot(211)\n", + "title('tf=p/(s+p)')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*log10(abs(tf)))\n", + "ylabel('Mag. Ratio (dB)')\n", + "\n", + "#Phase plot\n", + "subplot(212)\n", + "semilogx(f,arctan2(imag(tf),real(tf))*180.0/pi)\n", + "ylabel('Phase (deg.)')\n", + "xlabel('Freq (Hz)')\n", + "\n", + "show()\n", + "savefig('fig1.png') #savefig('fig1.eps')\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"From the plot it is seen that phase angle is -90 degree\"\n", + "print \"when the magnitude is o dB.Since the phase angle reaches >-180\"\n", + "print \"when the magnitude is 0dB, voltage follower is stable at 0dB\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter6.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e940a81c --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,876 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 6: General Linear Applications" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " Low-freq cutoff is 10.61 kHz\n", + "\n", + " High-freq cutoff is 90.91 kHz\n", + "\n", + " Bandwidth is 80.3 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.1\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 6-3(a) Rin=50 Ohm,Ci=0.1 uF,R1=100 Ohm, Rf=1 KOhm\n", + "#Rl=10 kOhm and supply voltages +15, -15 V.\n", + "#Determine the bandwidth of the amplifier.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=100\n", + "Rf=1*10**3\n", + "Rin=50\n", + "Rl=10*10**3\n", + "Ci=0.1*10**-6 #Capacitance b/w 2 stages being coupled \n", + "RiF=R1 #ac input resistance of the second stage\n", + "Ro=Rin #ac output resistance of the 1st stage\n", + "UGB=10**6 #Unity gain bandwidth\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fl=1/(2*math.pi*Ci*(RiF+Ro)) #Low-freq cutoff\n", + "K=Rf/(R1+Rf)\n", + "Af=-Rf/R1 #closed loop voltage gain\n", + "fh=UGB*K/abs(Af) #High-freq cutoff\n", + "BW=fh-fl #Bandwidth\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"\\n Low-freq cutoff is\",round(fl/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"\\n High-freq cutoff is\",round(fh/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print\"\\n Bandwidth is\",round(BW/10**3,2),\"kHz\" \n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Low-freq cutoff is 31.8 kHz\n", + "High-freq cutoff is 90.91 kHz\n", + "Bandwidth is 90.88 kHz\n", + "The ideal maximum output voltage swing is 15 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.2\n", + "#For the noninverting amplifier of figure 6-4(c), Rin=50 Ohm,Ci=C1=0.1 uF\n", + "#R1=R2=R3=100 kOhm,Rf=1 MOhm,Vcc=15 V.Determine\n", + "#a)the bandwidth of the amplifier\n", + "#b)the maximum output voltage swing\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=100*10**3\n", + "R2=100*10**3\n", + "R3=100*10**3\n", + "Rf=1*10**6\n", + "Rin=50\n", + "Ci=0.1*10**-6 #Capacitance b/w 2 stages being coupled\n", + "Ro=Rin #ac output resistance of the 1st stage\n", + "Vcc=15\n", + "UGB=10**6 #Unity gain bandwidth\n", + "Rif=R2*R3/(R2+R3) #since Ri*(1+A*B)>>R2 or R3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fl=1/(2*math.pi*Ci*(Rif+Ro)) #Low-freq cutoff\n", + "K=Rf/(R1+Rf)\n", + "Af=-Rf/R1 #closed loop voltage gain\n", + "fh=UGB*K/abs(Af) #High-freq cutoff\n", + "BW=fh-fl #Bandwidth\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Low-freq cutoff is\",round(fl,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"High-freq cutoff is\",round(fh/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print\"Bandwidth is\",round(BW/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"The ideal maximum output voltage swing is\",Vcc,\"Volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Inductance is 9.9 mH\n", + "Figure of merit of the coil is 33.2\n", + "Parallel resistance of the tank circuit is 32.98 kHz\n", + "Feedback resistance is 1.03 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.3\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-5(a) is to provide a gain of 10 at a peak frequency of\n", + "#16 kHz. Determine the value of all its components.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fp=16*10**3 #Peak frequency\n", + "Af=10 #Gain at peak frequency\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6 #Assume\n", + "R=30 #Assume the value of internal resistance of the inductor\n", + "R1=100 #Assume the value of internal resisrance of the coil\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "L=1/(((2*math.pi*fp)**2)*10**-8) #Simplifying fp=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "Xl=2*math.pi*fp*L #Inductive reactance\n", + "Qcoil=Xl/R #Figure of merit of the coil\n", + "Rp=((Qcoil)**2)*R #Parallel resistance of the tank circuit\n", + "Rf=-Rp/(1-(Rp/(Af*R1))) #Simplifying Af=(Rf||Rp)/R1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Inductance is\",round(L*10**3,1),\"mH\"\n", + "print \"Figure of merit of the coil is\",round(Qcoil,1)\n", + "print \"Parallel resistance of the tank circuit is\",round(Rp/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Feedback resistance is\",round(Rf/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is -2.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.4\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 6-6 Va=1V, Vb=2V, Vc=3V, Ra=Rb=Rc=3 kOhm,Rf=1 kOhm\n", + "#Supply voltages are 15V and -15V. Assuming that the opamp is initially nulled,\n", + "#determine the output voltage Vo\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Va=1 #Input voltage in Volts\n", + "Vb=2 #Input voltage in Volts\n", + "Vc=3 #Input voltage in Volts\n", + "Ra=3*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rb=3*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rc=3*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=1*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vo=-((Rf/Ra)*Va+(Rf/Rb)*Vb+(Rf/Rc)*Vc) #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",Vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage at non-inverting terminal is 1.0 Volts\n", + "Output voltage is 3.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.5\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 6-7 Va=2V, Vb=-3V, Vc=4V, R=R1=1 kOhm,Rf=2 kOhm\n", + "#Supply voltages are 15V and -15V. Assuming that the opamp is initially nulled,\n", + "#determine the output voltage Vo and voltage V1 at the noninverting terminal.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Va=2 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "Vb=-3 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "Vc=4 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "R1=1*10**3 #Resistance in ohms \n", + "Rf=2*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "V1=(Va+Vb+Vc)/3 #Voltage at non-inverting terminal\n", + "Vo=(1+Rf/R1)*V1 #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage at non-inverting terminal is\",V1,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",Vo,\"Volts\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is 4 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.6\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 6-9 Va=2V, Vb=3V,Vc=4V,Vc=4V,Vd=5V,R=1 kOhm\n", + "#Supply voltages are 15V and -15V. Assuming that the opamp is initially nulled,\n", + "#Determine the output voltage Vo\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Va=2 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "Vb=3 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "Vc=4 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "Vd=5 #Input voltage in volts\n", + "R=1*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vo=-Va-Vb+Vc+Vd #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",Vo,\"Volts\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage at 0 degree is 1.47 Volts\n", + "Output voltage at 100 degree is -4.41 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.7\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 6-12 R1=1 kOhm, Rf=4.7 kOhm, Ra=Rb=Rc=100 kOhm.\n", + "#Vdc=5V and Supply voltages are 15V and -15V.\n", + "#The transducer is a thermistor with the following specifications.\n", + "#Rt=100 kOhm at a reference temperature of 25 degree celcius, temperature\n", + "#coefficient of resistance =-1 kOhm/ degree celcius or 1%/degree celcius.\n", + "#Determine the output voltage Vo at o degree C and 100 degree C.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=4.7*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Ra=100*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rb=100*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rc=100*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Vdc=5 #dc voltage in Volts\n", + "Rt=100*10**3 #Resistance of a thermistor\n", + "temp_coeff=1*10**3\n", + "R=Ra #Ra=Rb=Rc=R\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_R=-temp_coeff*(0-25) #Change in resistance\n", + "Vo1=((Rf*delta_R)/(R1*4*R))*Vdc #Output voltage at degrees\n", + "delta_R=-temp_coeff*(100-25) #Change in resistance\n", + "Vo2=((Rf*delta_R)/(R1*4*R))*Vdc #Output voltage at 100 degrees\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output voltage at 0 degree is\",round(Vo1,2),\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage at 100 degree is\",round(Vo2,2),\"Volts\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Change in resistance is 0.1 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.8\n", + "#The circuit of Figure 6-12 is used as an analog weight scale with the following\n", + "#specifications. The gain of the differential instrumentation amplifier = -100.\n", + "#Assume that Vdc= +10 V and the opamp supply voltages = +/- 10 V. The unstrained\n", + "#resistance of each of the four elements of the strain gage is 100 ohm Vo= 1 V.\n", + "#When a certain weight is placed on the scale platform,the output voltage Vo=1 V.\n", + "#Assuming that the output is initially 0,determine the change in the resistance\n", + "#of each strain-gage element.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A=-100 #Gain of the differential instrumentation amplifier\n", + "Ra=100\n", + "Rb=100\n", + "Rc=100\n", + "Vdc=10\n", + "Vo=1\n", + "R=Ra #Ra=Rb=Rc=R\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delta_R=(Vo*R)/(Vdc*abs(A)) #Change in resistance\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Change in resistance is\",delta_R,\"ohm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Feedback resisrance is 1.8 kOhm\n", + "Gain of the differential amplifier is 38.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.9\n", + "#The differential input and output amplifier of figure 6-14(a) is used as a\n", + "#pre-amplifier and requires a differential output of atleast 3.7 V. Determine\n", + "#the gain of the circuit if the differential input Vin=100 mV.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vo=3.7 #differential output voltage in Volts\n", + "Vin=100*10**-3 #differential input voltage in Volts\n", + "R1=100 #Assume\n", + "Rf=0.5*((Vo*R1)/Vin-1) #Feedback resisrance\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "A=(1+2*Rf/R1) #Gain of the differential amplifier\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Feedback resisrance is\",round(Rf/10**3,1),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Gain of the differential amplifier is\",round(A,0)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Minimum input voltage is 1.1 Volts\n", + "Maximum input voltage is 7.48 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.10\n", + "#In the figure 6-17, for the indicated values of resistors, determine the full\n", + "#scale range for the input voltage.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1min=1*10**3\n", + "R1max=6.8*10**3\n", + "io=1*10**-3 #Meter current for full-wave rectification\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vin_min=1.1*R1min*io #Minimum input voltage\n", + "vin_max=1.1*R1max*io #Maximum input voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Minimum input voltage is\",vin_min,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Maximum input voltage is\",vin_max,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current through diode is 5.0 mA\n", + "Voltage drop across diode is 0.7 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.11\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-18,when the switch is in position 1, Vin=0.5 V and\n", + "#Vo=1.2 V. Determine the current through the diode and the voltage drop across\n", + "#it.Assume that the opamp is initially nulled.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vin=0.5 #Input voltage\n", + "Vo=1.2 #Output voltage\n", + "R1=100 \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Io=Vin/R1 #Current through diode\n", + "Vd=Vo-Vin #Voltage drop across diode\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current through diode is\",Io*10**3,\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Voltage drop across diode is\",Vd,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Load Current is 0.5 mA\n", + "Output voltage is 2 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 6.12\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-19,Vin=5 V, R=1 Kilo Ohm and V1=1 V. Find\n", + "#a) the load current.\n", + "#b) the output voltage Vo.\n", + "#Assume that the op-amp is initially nulled.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vin=5 #Input voltage in Volts\n", + "V1=1 #Voltage in Volts\n", + "R1=10*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I1=Vin/R1 #Load current\n", + "Vo=2*V1 #Output voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load Current is\",I1*10**3,\"mA\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",Vo,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Minimum output voltage is 0.0 Volts\n", + "Maximum output voltage is 5.38 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.13\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-20, Vref=2V, R1=1 kilo Ohm. Rf=2.7 kilo Ohm. Assuming\n", + "#that the opamp is initially nulled, determine the range for the output voltage\n", + "#Vo.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=1*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Rf=2.7*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "Vref=2 #Voltage in Volts\n", + "Io=0 #Since all the binary inputs D0 to D7 are logic zero\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vo_min=Io*Rf #Minimum output voltage\n", + "Io=(Vref/R1)*(1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+1/32+1/64+1/128+1/256)\n", + "Vo_max=Io*Rf #Maximum output voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Minimum output voltage is\",Vo_min,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Maximum output voltage is\",round(Vo_max,2),\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Minimum output voltage at darkness is -0.15 Volts\n", + "Maximum output voltage at illumination is -10.0 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.14\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-21, Vdc=5 V and Rf=3 kilo Ohm. Determine the change in\n", + "#the output voltage if the photocell is exposed to light of 0.61 lux from a dark\n", + "#condition.Assume that the opamp is initially nulled.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Rf=3*10**3\n", + "Vdc=5\n", + "Rt1=100*10**3 #Resistance at darkness in ohms\n", + "Rt2=1.5*10**3 #Resistance at Illumination in ohms\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vomin=-(Vdc/Rt1)*Rf #Min output voltage at darkness\n", + "Vomax=-(Vdc/Rt2)*Rf #Max output voltage at Illumination\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Minimum output voltage at darkness is\",Vomin,\"Volts\"\n", + "print \"Maximum output voltage at illumination is\",round(Vomax,2),\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 6.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f75432e8a90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "\n", + "#Example 6.15\n", + "#In the figure 6-23, R1Cf=1 second, and the input is a step(dc) voltage, as\n", + "#shown in figure 6-26(a). Determine the output voltage and sketch it.\n", + "#Assume that the opamp is initially nulled.\n", + "\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show\n", + "import scipy.integrate\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vin=2 #Input voltage in Volts\n", + "VoO=0 #Output offset voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "def integrnd(x) :\n", + " return 2\n", + "val1, err = scipy.integrate.quad(integrnd, 0, 1)\n", + "val2, err = scipy.integrate.quad(integrnd, 1, 2)\n", + "val3, err = scipy.integrate.quad(integrnd, 2, 3)\n", + "val4, err = scipy.integrate.quad(integrnd, 3, 4)\n", + "\n", + "a=-val1\n", + "b=a+-val2\n", + "c=b+-val3\n", + "d=c+-val4\n", + "\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "x=[0,1,2,3,4]\n", + "y=[VoO,a,b,c,d]\n", + "plt.plot(x,y)\n", + "title('Output voltage')\n", + "xlabel('time')\n", + "ylabel('Voutput')\n", + "plt.show()\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter7.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..924541b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1543 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7: Active Filters and Oscillators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 15.9 kOhms\n", + "Use 20 kohm POT as R\n", + "Resistance R1 is 10.0 kilo ohms\n", + "Resistance Rf is 10.0 kilo ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.1\n", + "#Design a low pass filter at a cutoff frequency of 1kHz\n", + "#with a passband gain of 2\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fh=1*10**3 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6 #Assumption\n", + "R1=10*10**3 #Assumption\n", + "Rf=R1 #Since passband gain is 2,R1 and Rf must be equal\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fh*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,1),\"kOhms\"\n", + "print \"Use 20 kohm POT as R\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3),\"kilo ohms\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3),\"kilo ohms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "New Resistance Rnew is 9937.5 Ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.2\n", + "#Using the frequency scaling technique,convert the 1 kHz cutoff frequency of the\n", + "#lowpass filter of example 7-1 to a cutoff frequency of 1.6 kHz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fc0=1*10**3 #Original cut-off frequency\n", + "fc1=1.6*10**3 #New cut-off frequency\n", + "R=15.9*10**3 #Original resistance value\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=fc0/fc1\n", + "Rnew=R*k\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"New Resistance Rnew is\",Rnew,\"Ohms\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1f62117f50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain magnitude av1 at f1 2.0\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.99\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.96\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.64\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.41\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.63\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.28\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.2\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.07\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.02\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 7.3\n", + "#Plot the frequency response of the lowpass filter of example 7.1\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, semilogx\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Af=2 #Passband gain of the filter\n", + "fh=1000 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "f1=10\n", + "f2=100\n", + "f3=200\n", + "f4=700\n", + "f5=1000\n", + "f6=3000\n", + "f7=7000\n", + "f8=10000\n", + "f9=30000\n", + "f10=100000\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "av1=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f1/fh)**2)\n", + "av2=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f2/fh)**2)\n", + "av3=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f3/fh)**2)\n", + "av4=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f4/fh)**2)\n", + "av5=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f5/fh)**2)\n", + "av6=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f6/fh)**2)\n", + "av7=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f7/fh)**2)\n", + "av8=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f8/fh)**2)\n", + "av9=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f9/fh)**2)\n", + "av10=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f10/fh)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "f=np.arange(0,100000)\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f\n", + "p=2.0*pi*fh\n", + "A=Af*p/(s+p)\n", + "\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "plot()\n", + "title('frequency response')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*np.log10(abs(A)))\n", + "ylabel('Voltage gain(dB)')\n", + "xlabel('frequency(Hz)')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av1 at f1\",round(av1,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av2,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av3,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av4,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av5,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av6,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av7,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av8,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av9,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av10,2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.4.a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 33.86 kOhm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 33.86 kOhm\n", + "Resistance Rf is 15.82 kOhm\n", + " Use 20 kohm POT as Rf\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.4.a\n", + "#Design a second order low-pass filter at a high cutoff frequency of 1 kHz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fh=1*10**3 # Cut-off frequency\n", + "C2=0.0047*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "C3=C2\n", + "R1=27*10**3 # Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2=1/(2*math.pi*fh*C2)\n", + "R3=R2\n", + "Rf=0.586*R1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \" Use 20 kohm POT as Rf\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.4.b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1f625aac10>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain magnitude av1 at f1 1.59\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.59\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.58\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.42\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.12\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.18\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.03\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.02\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.76 *10^-3\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.16 *10^-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.4.b\n", + "#Draw the frequency response of the network in example 7.4.a\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, semilogx\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Af=1.586 #Passband gain of the filter\n", + "fh=1000 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "f1=10\n", + "f2=100\n", + "f3=200\n", + "f4=700\n", + "f5=1000\n", + "f6=3000\n", + "f7=7000\n", + "f8=10000\n", + "f9=30000\n", + "f10=100000\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "av1=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f1/fh)**4)\n", + "av2=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f2/fh)**4)\n", + "av3=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f3/fh)**4)\n", + "av4=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f4/fh)**4)\n", + "av5=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f5/fh)**4)\n", + "av6=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f6/fh)**4)\n", + "av7=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f7/fh)**4)\n", + "av8=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f8/fh)**4)\n", + "av9=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f9/fh)**4)\n", + "av10=Af/math.sqrt(1+(f10/fh)**4)\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "f=np.arange(0,100000) #frequency range\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f**2\n", + "p=2.0*pi*fh**2\n", + "A=Af*p/(s+p)\n", + "\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "plot()\n", + "title('frequency response')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*np.log10(abs(A)))\n", + "ylabel('Voltage gain(dB)')\n", + "xlabel('frequency(Hz)')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av1 at f1\",round(av1,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av2,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av3,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av4,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av5,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av6,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av7,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av8,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av9*10**3,2),\"*10^-3\"\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av10*10**3,2),\"*10^-3\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.5.a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 15.92 kOhm\n", + "Resistance R1 is 10.0 kOhm\n", + "Resistance Rf is 10.0 kOhm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.5.a\n", + "#Design a high pass filter at a cutoff frequency of 1 kHz with a passband gain\n", + "#of 2.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fh=1*10**3 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6 #Assumption\n", + "Af=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fh*C)\n", + "R1=10*10**3\n", + "Rf=R1 #since passband gain is 2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.5.b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1f6224dcd0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain magnitude av1 at f1 0.2\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.39\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.74\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.15\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.41\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.9\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.98\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.99\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 2.0\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 2.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 7.5.b\n", + "#The circuit of figure 6-17,for the indicated value of resistors\n", + "#determine the full scale range for the input voltage.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, semilogx\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Af=2 #Passband gain of the filter\n", + "fl=1000 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "f1=100\n", + "f2=200\n", + "f3=400\n", + "f4=700\n", + "f5=1000\n", + "f6=3000\n", + "f7=7000\n", + "f8=10000\n", + "f9=30000\n", + "f10=100000\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "av1=(Af*(f1/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f1/fl)**2)\n", + "av2=(Af*(f2/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f2/fl)**2)\n", + "av3=(Af*(f3/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f3/fl)**2)\n", + "av4=(Af*(f4/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f4/fl)**2)\n", + "av5=(Af*(f5/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f5/fl)**2)\n", + "av6=(Af*(f6/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f6/fl)**2)\n", + "av7=(Af*(f7/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f7/fl)**2)\n", + "av8=(Af*(f8/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f8/fl)**2)\n", + "av9=(Af*(f9/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f9/fl)**2)\n", + "av10=(Af*(f10/fl))/math.sqrt(1+(f10/fl)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "f=np.arange(100,100000)\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f\n", + "p=2.0*pi*fl\n", + "A=Af*s/(s+p)\n", + "\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "plt.plot()\n", + "plt.title('frequency response')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*np.log10(abs(A)))\n", + "plt.ylabel('Voltage gain(dB)')\n", + "plt.xlabel('frequency(Hz)')\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av1 at f1\",round(av1,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av2,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av3,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av4,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av5,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av6,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av7,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av8,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av9,2)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av10,2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.6.a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Lower cutoff frequency fl is 1.0 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.6.a\n", + "#Determine the low cutoff frequency fl of the filter shown in figure 7-8(a)\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R2=33*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "R3=R2\n", + "C2=0.0047*10**-6 #Capacitance in Farads\n", + "C3=C2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fl=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(R2*R3*C2*C3))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Lower cutoff frequency fl is\",round(fl/10**3,0),\"kHz\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.6.b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1f8840ec50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain magnitude av1 at f1 0.0159\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.0634\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.2506\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.6979\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.1215\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.5763\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.5857\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.5859\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.586\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.586\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 7.6.b\n", + "#Draw the frequency response plot of the filter in example 7.6.a\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, semilogx\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Af=1.586 #Passband gain of the filter\n", + "fl=1000 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "f1=100\n", + "f2=200\n", + "f3=400\n", + "f4=700\n", + "f5=1000\n", + "f6=3000\n", + "f7=7000\n", + "f8=10000\n", + "f9=30000\n", + "f10=100000\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "av1=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f1)**4)\n", + "av2=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f2)**4)\n", + "av3=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f3)**4)\n", + "av4=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f4)**4)\n", + "av5=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f5)**4)\n", + "av6=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f6)**4)\n", + "av7=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f7)**4)\n", + "av8=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f8)**4)\n", + "av9=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f9)**4)\n", + "av10=Af/math.sqrt(1+(fl/f10)**4)\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "f=np.arange(100,100000)\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*fl**2\n", + "p=2.0*pi*f**2\n", + "A=Af*p/(s+p)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "plot()\n", + "title('frequency response')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*np.log10(abs(A)))\n", + "ylabel('Voltage gain(dB)')\n", + "xlabel('frequency(Hz)')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av1 at f1\",round(av1,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av2,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av3,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av4,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av5,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av6,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av7,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av8,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av9,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av10,4)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.7.a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R1 is 10.0 kOhm\n", + "Resistance R is 15.92 kOhm\n", + "Bandpass Gain Af is 4\n", + "Resistance Rf is 10.0 kOhm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.7.a\n", + "#Design a wide band pass filter with fl=200 Hz, fh=1 kHz and passband gain=4.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fl=200 #Low cutoff freq in Hz\n", + "fh=1*10**3 #High cutoff freq in Hz\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fl*C)\n", + "R1=10*10**3\n", + "Rf=R1 #Since passband gain is 2,R1 and Rf must be equal\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n", + "print \"Bandpass Gain Af is 4\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3,2),\"kOhm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.7.b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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gew6MyUg6oRBcdx3UqAGPFjakUETSXqdOsHKl/XDUuuD+iKbxoyo23qIM1oX2\nICxx/BjHuIpTaKP3o4/Ca6/ZH4iWWBXJbFoXPK9ENHo/gK1bsRd4BXgGSMr+B+PG2Qy0Wo9bRCDv\nuuB33OE6mtQXTcIoaBGjP/kdSGl99JFVRb35JtSLy/y2IpKKwuuCT5kCgwa5jia1FdWGcT02NceR\n2GSDYdWxwXtJY906q6/8z3+ssUtEJFLNmjZR4Vln2XKv55/vOqLUVFRdVg2gFvAIcFfEc3fgtv0C\nItowduywP4KrrrKpAURECjN3LnTuDLNmwfHHu44m8eI50vt3Ec8pqIV5c6wX9UEoFAqxfz907GhV\nUC++qKkARKR4w4fbwksLFmTeVEHxTBhrKXym2BDQONaL+iAUCoW49VZYtgzeeUdLrIpI9O67z0oZ\nM2dm1mSkiZxLKpmEnn8+xLPPwvz5WmJVREomNxe6d4eKFWHYsMypnUhUwugInI2VLN6jZEusxkPo\n8MNDzJ1rDVgiIiW1c6ctqNaxI9x7r+toEqO0CSOakd6PYNObj/Au9FfgTKBfrBf1w+uvK1mISOyq\nVMm7Lvill7qOKPlFk2k+BU7GBu+BzSe1BDixFNe9BMgBmmLJ6GPveDbwBbDc25+Pde3NL6YlWkVE\n8luyxFbte/ttaNHCdTTxlYiR3iEgspWgJqVfNvVTbJnW2QWcWwk08x4FJQsREd+cfDIMGWLdbde5\nXOUnBURTJfVPrAQQ9PZbA3eX8rrLi3+KiEhidOhg6+d06ABz5miiwsIUVcJ4ATgLGIWth/EGMM7b\nHh3HmBoBi7EEdVYcryMi8qu+fa09o0cPW+5VfquohPEVMBD4GrgVW5L1LeCbKN97Olb1lP/RoYjX\nbAKOwKqjbgNGYlORiIjEVXiiwp9/1vKuhSmqSuop75ENdAeGAFWwL/FRWEIpSrsY4tnjPcCqwVYB\nTTjQKP6rnJycX7cDgQCBQCCGy4mIHBCeqPD00+GYY6B3b9cRlU4wGCQYDPr2fiVtLW8GDMV6SPkx\ns/ws4A5gkbdfG1uwaT82knw2cAKwNd/r1EtKROJmxQpo1QpGjIA2bVxH459E9JIqB1yElSymYA3W\nXWK9oKczsB44HXgbmOwdbw0sxdowxgJ9+G2yEBGJqyZNbCG2yy+HL790HU3yKCrTnIdVRV0AfIhV\nQ71FcizPqhKGiMTd0KHwj3/ABx/AwQe7jqb04jk1yLtYkhiH25lpC6KEISIJcdddNrPttGlQoYLr\naEonYyesAEVVAAAMIklEQVQfVMIQkUTIzYWuXaFWLXj55dSeqDARbRgiIhmrTBl49VWbQmTgQNfR\nuBXNSG8RkYxWtSq89RaccYY1iHfu7DoiN1K1cKUqKRFJuEWLoH17mDoVTjnFdTQlpyopEZEEad4c\nBg+2NTQ2bnQdTeKpSkpEpAS6dIGvvoKLLoLZs626KlOoSkpEpIRCIbj2Wti+3aYSKZMidTWqkhIR\nSbCsLKua+uGHzFneFZQwRERiUrEivPEGjB1rI8IzgaqkRERKYflyOPtsSxytW7uOpmiqkhIRcahp\nUxg5Erp1g5UrXUcTX0oYIiKl1LYt5OTAhRfCli2uo4kfVUmJiPikb1/49FOYPNkWY0o2mnxQRCRJ\n7N9vg/rq1YMXX0y+iQrVhiEikiTKloVRo2D+fHjqKdfR+M9VwhgIfIGtrvcGUCPiXD9gBbay33mJ\nD01EJHbVq8PEiTaz7cSJrqPxl6uEMQ04HjgJ+ApLEgDHAd28f9sDL6BSkIikmIYNYfx46NkTli51\nHY1/XH0ZTwdyve0FQH1vuyO2yt9eYC2wEmiR6OBERErrtNPguedszqlvv3UdjT+S4dd7T+Adb7su\nsCHi3AagXsIjEhHxQbdu8Je/WEP4rl2uoym9eM5WOx04vIDj9wDhmr17gT3AyCLep8DuUDk5Ob9u\nBwIBAoFALDGKiMTVfffZaPCrr4bRoxM7UWEwGCQYDPr2fi47fV0D9ALaALu9Y3d7/z7i/TsF6I9V\nW0VSt1oRSRm7d8O559oAvwcfdBdHqnarbQ/cibVZ7I44/hbQHagANAKaAB8mPDoRER9VqgQTJsDw\n4TBihOtoYueqhLECSwqbvf35wA3e9j1Yu8Y+4BZgagGvVwlDRFLOZ59ZSWP8eGjZMvHX10hvEZEU\nMmWKLb40bx40apTYa6dqlZSISEZq394WXbrwQti2zXU0JaMShoiIAzfdZNOhT5oE5eLZXzWCShgi\nIinoqadsbfC+fV1HEj0lDBERB8qVgzFj4N13bUR4KkhQQUhERPKrUcOqpM48E446yto3kpnaMERE\nHJs7Fzp3ttLGCSfE7zpqwxARSXEtW8ITT0CHDvD9966jKZxKGCIiSeL++62UMXOmjQ73mwbuiYik\nidxc6N7d1gN/9VX/l3hVlZSISJooUwZeeQVWrICHH3YdzW+pl5SISBKpUgXeessWYDr6aFtTI1mo\nSkpEJAktXWrToU+aZMnDD6qSEhFJQyedBEOGQJcusG6d62iMqqRERJJUhw7WnnHhhTZWo3p1t/Go\nSkpEJImFQtCnD2zaBG++CWXLxv5eqpISEUljWVnw/POwaxfceafbWFwljIHAF8BS4A2ghnc8G9gF\nLPYeL7gITkQkmZQvD6+/Dm+/DYMHu4vDVZVUO2AmkAs84h27G0sYE4ETi3m9qqREJOOsWAGtWtmg\nvrZtS/76VK2Smo4lC4AFQH1HcYiIpIwmTeC116BHD1i+PPHXT4Y2jJ7AOxH7jbDqqCBwlouARESS\nVevW8Mgj1nPqhx8Se+14dqudDhxewPF7sGongHuBPcBIb38TcASwBTgFmAAcD+zI/yY5OTm/bgcC\nAQKBgD9Ri4gkuWuvhS+/tDEa06dDxYoFPy8YDBIMBn27rstutdcAvYA2wO5CnjMLuB34ON9xtWGI\nSEbLzYWuXW0RpqFDo5uoMFXbMNoDdwIdyZssagPhXsaNgSbA6sSGJiKS/MqUscbvTz6Bxx5LzDVd\njfR+FqiAVVsBzAduAFoDA4C9WKN4H2CriwBFRJJd1aowcaLNNdWkiVVRxZNGeouIpLhFi2w98ClT\noHnzwp+XqlVSIiLik+bN4d//ho4dYePG+F1Hkw+KiKSBzp3hq69swsL337fqKr+pSkpEJE2EQtCz\nJ2zdCuPGWcN4JFVJiYgIYF1rBw+GzZuhXz//318JQ0QkjVSoYKWLceNsASY/qQ1DRCTN1K5tS7u2\nbg2NG4NfE2GohCEikoaaNoWRI6FbN5vl1g9KGCIiaapNG3joIZuocMuW0r+fqqRERNJY7942FfrF\nF5f+vVTCEBFJcwMHQuXKpX8fjcMQEckAO3bAQQeVbhyGEoaISIbQwD0REUkIJQwREYmKEoaIiETF\nVcJ4CFgKLAFmYut4h/UDVgDLgfMSH5qIiBTEVcJ4DDgJOBmYAPT3jh8HdPP+bQ+8gEpBcefnIvGi\n++k33c/k4erLeEfEdjXgB2+7IzAKW6J1LbASaJHQyDKQ/kP6S/fTX7qfycPlr/e/A+uAa4B/esfq\nAhsinrMBqJfYsA6I9Q+1JK8r7rlFnS/oXDTHXPwHLM01E3E/S3I8U+6n33+bBR2P9m843lLxfrr4\n24xnwpgOfFrAo4N3/l6gATAUeKqI93E24EIJwz9KGP5KxS+4go4rYUR3Pln+ryfDwL0GwDvACcDd\n3rFHvH+nYO0bC/K9ZiVwZEKiExFJH6uAo1wHUVJNIrZvBoZ728dhPacqAI2wD5cMSU1ERBx5Haue\nWgKMAw6NOHcPVoJYDpyf+NBERERERERERERERER80wj4DzDWdSBpoiPwb2A00M5xLOmgKTAIGAP8\n2XEs6aAq8BFwgetA0kAAeB/7+2ztNpTEU8LwV00sEYs/ymBJQ0pnAHAHShh+OBsb1jCEDByqoITh\nr39h831J6XUAJgNdXAeS4tph881djRKGH8LDFg4FXi3uyck8sd8Q4Dus+22k9liX2xXAXYkOKoWV\n5H5mAY9iX3BLEhVgiinp3+dE4I/YF53kVZJ72Ro4Hbgc6IXGaRWkJPczPJPGVqBiQqKLk1ZAM/J+\n6LLYGI1soDz2ZXYs8DvgRZREilKS+3kzsBCr1+yT0ChTR0nuZ2vgaWAwcGtCo0wNJbmXYVcDf0pQ\nfKmmJPezM/bdORqrnkpp2eT90Gdg04WE3c2B6USkeNnofvopG91Pv2Sje+mnbOJwP5O5Sqog9YD1\nEftOZ7NNA7qf/tL99I/upb98uZ+pljCczVybpnQ//aX76R/dS3/5cj9TLWFsJO9yrkeQd/0MKRnd\nT3/pfvpH99JfGXE/s8lbD1cOm8E2G5vRNn9DmBQtG91PP2Wj++mXbHQv/ZRNht3PUcAm4Bes7u1a\n7/gfgS+xFv9+bkJLSbqf/tL99I/upb90P0VERERERERERERERERERERERERERERERETEN38FPgeG\nuw6klF4DGnvba7Hp+8MC2Noahfk98HJcopKMV851ACI+uh5og41yDSsH7HMTTkyOwtasXu3t5580\nrrhJ5D7Blto8FPje39Ak06Xa5IMihXkR+1U+BVs9bBgwB/gvUBt4HfjQe5zpveZgYBrwGfASB37N\nZ5N3Hp47gP7e9pHYSoQLgdnAMd7xV7BFkuZic/Z0jXj9XdgX+RLgH16ciyLON4nY7w68le+zZRWy\n/Q6w2HtsBa70jk8GLkFERAq1BvvC7w98xIElJ0cCLb3tBli1FcAzwH3e9p+AXApOGLcDD3jbM7FS\nAMBp3j5YwnjN2z4WW/0RbP6euUAlb7+m9++7wEne9j+AG73tycApEddeiyWbcGJYwW8TSnMsGVX3\n9s+JiEXEN6qSknQT/gX+Fjb5GkBb8s7MWR2r9mmFLVEJ9mt9SzHvWxUrnYyNOF7B+zcETPC2vwAO\ni7j2EGC3t7/V+/c/2KRwtwGXAn/wjjcEvol4/xDWbrHZ22+NlXjCamOlqUuAHd6xb7CkJ+IrJQxJ\nVzsjtrOw0sCeAp6XVcCxfeStrq2MfXGXwZJKs0KuGfn+4fcNFXKNcVhJ6F2sOioyWRX0/ILOlcVm\nJh3AgVJT+DlagEh8pzYMyQTTsB5UYeGqoNnA5d72H4Fa3vZ3WKPx77BqrQu94zuwaq+Lvf0srFdS\nUaZjJYnK3n74Gr8AU4FBWAkk7GugTnEfyPMIVl01Jt/xOt77iPhKCUPSSaiQ7b8CpwJLgWVAH+/4\nAOBsrNG7M7DOO74XeBBrIJ9G3l/vPYA/Y20GnwEXFXP9qVj12EKsDeL2iOeMxNpNpkUcm+PFWtB7\nhvfDx24H2nGgfSOc2FpgyVBEROIk3GieKHdgSStSY+DtUr5vECshifhKbRgiBySy3n880Ag4N9/x\n1VjV15FY99yS+j22oprGYIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIiIj47/8rMuTJbEhORQAAAABJRU5E\nrkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1f802ccc10>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Gain magnitude av1 at f1 0.1997\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.5931\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.78\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 2.7735\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 3.3333\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 3.1508\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 2.7735\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 1.78\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.5655\n", + "Gain magnitude av2 at f2 0.3979\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.7.b\n", + "#Draw the frequency response plot for the filter in example 7.7.a\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import pi\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import ylabel, xlabel, title, plot, show, clf, semilogx\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Af=4 #Passband gain of the filter\n", + "fl=200 #Cut-off frequency\n", + "fh=1000 #Higher Cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "f1=10\n", + "f2=30\n", + "f3=100\n", + "f4=200\n", + "f5=447.2\n", + "f6=700\n", + "f7=1000\n", + "f8=2000\n", + "f9=7000\n", + "f10=10000\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "av1=(Af*(f1/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f1/fl)**2)*(1+(f1/fh)**2))\n", + "av2=(Af*(f2/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f2/fl)**2)*(1+(f2/fh)**2))\n", + "av3=(Af*(f3/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f3/fl)**2)*(1+(f3/fh)**2))\n", + "av4=(Af*(f4/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f4/fl)**2)*(1+(f4/fh)**2))\n", + "av5=(Af*(f5/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f5/fl)**2)*(1+(f5/fh)**2))\n", + "av6=(Af*(f6/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f6/fl)**2)*(1+(f6/fh)**2))\n", + "av7=(Af*(f7/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f7/fl)**2)*(1+(f7/fh)**2))\n", + "av8=(Af*(f8/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f8/fl)**2)*(1+(f8/fh)**2))\n", + "av9=(Af*(f9/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f9/fl)**2)*(1+(f9/fh)**2))\n", + "av10=(Af*(f10/fl))/math.sqrt((1+(f10/fl)**2)*(1+(f10/fh)**2))\n", + "\n", + "#Magnitude plot\n", + "f=np.arange(10,100000)\n", + "s=2.0j*pi*f\n", + "p1=2.0*pi*fl\n", + "p2=2.0*pi*fh\n", + "A=(Af*s)*p2/((s+p1)*(s+p2))\n", + "\n", + "clf() #clear the figure\n", + "plot()\n", + "title('frequency response')\n", + "semilogx(f,20*np.log10(abs(A)))\n", + "ylabel('Voltage gain(dB)')\n", + "xlabel('frequency(Hz)')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av1 at f1\",round(av1,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av2,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av3,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av4,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av5,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av6,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av7,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av8,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av9,4)\n", + "print \"Gain magnitude av2 at f2\",round(av10,4)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.7.c" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Center frequency fc is 447.21 Hz\n", + "Quality factor Q is 0.56\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.7.c\n", + "#Calculate the value of Q for the filter.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fh=1*10**3 #Higher cut-off frequency\n", + "fl=200 #Lower cut-off frequency\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fc=math.sqrt(fl*fh) #Center frequency\n", + "Q=fc/(fh-fl) #Quality factor\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Center frequency fc is\",round(fc,2),\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"Quality factor Q is\",round(Q,2)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.8.a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R1 is 4.77 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R2 is 5.97 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 95.49 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.8.a\n", + "#Design the bandpass filter shown in figure 7-13(a) so that fc=1 kHz, Q=3 and\n", + "#Af=10.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fc=1*10**3 #Center frequency\n", + "Q=3 #Quality factor\n", + "Af=10 #Passband gain\n", + "C1=0.01*10**-6 #Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "C2=C1\n", + "R1=Q/(2*math.pi*fc*C1*Af)\n", + "R2=Q/(2*math.pi*fc*C1*(2*Q**2-Af))\n", + "R3=Q/(math.pi*fc*C1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.8.b" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R1 is 2.65 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.8.b\n", + "#Change the centre frequency of example 7.8.a to 1.5 kHz, keeping Af and\n", + "#bandwidth constant.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fc0=1*10**3 #Original center frequency\n", + "fc1=1.5*10**3 #New center frequency\n", + "R2=5.97*10**3 #Original resistance\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2new=R2*(fc0/fc1)**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R2new/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 of highpass section is 15.92 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R of lowpass section is 15.92 kilo ohm\n", + "Bandpass Gain Af is 4\n", + "Resistance R1 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance Rf is 10.0 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.9\n", + "#Design a wide-band reject filter having fh=200 Hz and fl=1 KHz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fh=200 # Low cutoff freq in Hz\n", + "fl=1*10**3 # High cutoff freq in Hz\n", + "C2=0.01*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "R2=1/(2*math.pi*fl*C2)\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6\n", + "R1=10*10**3 # Assumption\n", + "Rf=R1 # Since passband gain is 2,R1 and Rf must be equal\n", + "Af=4 # Since gain of high pass and lowpass is set to 2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2=1/(2*math.pi*fl*C2)\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fh*C)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 of highpass section is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R of lowpass section is\",round(R/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Bandpass Gain Af is\",Af\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 39.01 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.10\n", + "#Design a 60 Hz active notch filter.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fn=60 #Notch-out frequency in Hz\n", + "C=0.068*10**-6 #Assumption\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=1/(2*math.pi*fn*C)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Phase angle phi is -90.0 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.11\n", + "#For the all-pass filter of figure 7-16(a),find the phase angle phi if the\n", + "#frequency of vin is 1 kHz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=1*10**3 #Input frequency in Hz\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6 \n", + "R=15.9*10**3 #Resistance in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi=math.atan(2*math.pi*f*C*R) #Phase angle\n", + "phi1=-2*phi*180/math.pi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Phase angle phi is\",round(phi1),\"degree\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 3.3 kilo ohm\n", + "Use Resistance R as 3.3 kohm\n", + "Resistance Rf is 957.0 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.12\n", + "#Design the phase shift oscillator of figure 7-18 so that fo=200 Hz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fo=200 # Frequency of oscillation\n", + "C=0.1*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "R=3.3*10**3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=0.065/(fo*C)\n", + "R=3.3*10**3 #Using rounded value\n", + "R1=10*R # To prevent loading of amplifier\n", + "Rf=29*R1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Use Resistance R as 3.3 kohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 3.3 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance Rf is 24.0 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.13\n", + "#Design the wein bridge oscillator of figure 7-19 so that fo=965 Hz.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fo=965 # Frequency of oscillation\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "R1=12*10**3 # Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=0.159/(fo*C)\n", + "Rf=2*R1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance Rf is\",round(Rf/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance values R1,R2,R3 is 100.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Capacitance values C1,C2,C3 is 0.01 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.14\n", + "#Design the quadrature oscillator of figure 7-20 so that fo=159 Hz.\n", + "#The opamp is the 1458/772.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fo=159 # Frequency of oscillation\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=0.159/(fo*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance values R1,R2,R3 is\",round(R/10**3,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Capacitance values C1,C2,C3 is\",round(C*10**6,2),\"uF\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 11.6 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R is 10.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.15\n", + "#Design the square wave oscillator of figure 7-21(a) so that fo=1 kHz.\n", + "#The opamp is 741 with dc supply voltages = 15, -15 V.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fo=1*10**3 # Frequency of oscillation\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6 # Assumption\n", + "R1=10*10**3 # Assumption\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=1/(2*fo*C)\n", + "R2=1.16*R1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,1),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",round(R/10**3),\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R1 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.16\n", + "#Design the triangular wave generator of figure 7-23 so that fo=2 kHz and\n", + "#Vo(pp)=7V. The opamp is a 1458/772 and supply voltages =15,-15 V.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "fo=2*10**3 # Frequency of oscillation\n", + "vo=7 #Output voltage\n", + "Vsat=14 #Saturation voltage for opamp 1458\n", + "R3=40*10**3 #Assumption\n", + "C1=0.05*10**-6 #Assumption\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2=(vo*R3)/(2*Vsat)\n", + "k=R3/(4*fo*R2) #Using fo=R3/(4*R1*C1*R2),k=R1*C1;\n", + "R1=k/C1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",round(R1/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 7.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Terminal voltage Vc is 10.43 volts\n", + "Approximate Nominal freq fo is 26.09 kHz\n", + "Approximate Nominal freq fo1 is 41.67 kHz\n", + "Approximate Nominal freq fo2 is 8.33 kHz\n", + "Change in output freq delta_fo is 33.33 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 7.17\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 7-25(c), V=12 V, R2=1.5 Kilo ohm, R1=R3=10 Kilo ohm\n", + "#and C1=0.001 uF.\n", + "#a)Determine the nominal frequency of all the output waveforms.\n", + "#b)Compute the modulation in the output frequencies if Vc is varied between 9.5 V\n", + "#and 11.5 V.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R2=1.5*10**3\n", + "R1=10*10**3\n", + "R3=10*10**3\n", + "C1=0.001*10**-6\n", + "V=12 #Supply voltage\n", + "Vc1=9.5\n", + "Vc2=11.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vc=R3*V/(R2+R3) #Using voltage divider rule\n", + "fo=2*(V-Vc)/(V*R1*C1)\n", + "fo1=2*(V-Vc1)/(V*R1*C1)\n", + "fo2=2*(V-Vc2)/(V*R1*C1)\n", + "delta_fo=fo1-fo2 #Change in output freq\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal voltage Vc is\",round(Vc,2),\"volts\"\n", + "print \"Approximate Nominal freq fo is\",round(fo/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Approximate Nominal freq fo1 is\",round(fo1/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Approximate Nominal freq fo2 is\",round(fo2/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Change in output freq delta_fo is\",round(delta_fo/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter8.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2cb88119 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 8. Comparators and Converters" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f5548e4e5d0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 8.1\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 8-4(a), R1=100 ohm,R2=56 kilo Ohm, Vin=V pp sine wave\n", + "#and the opamp is type 741 with supply voltages 15 V, -15 V.\n", + "#Determine the threshold voltages Vul and Vut and draw the output waveform.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import math\n", + "import array\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=100\n", + "R2=56*10**3\n", + "vin=1 #Input voltage in volt\n", + "pos_Vsat=14 #Positive saturation voltage in volt\n", + "neg_Vsat=-14 #Negative saturation voltage in volt\n", + "Vut=(R1/(R1+R2))*(pos_Vsat) #Upper threshold voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vut=(R1/(R1+R2))*(pos_Vsat) #Upper threshold voltage\n", + "Vlt=(R1/(R1+R2))*(neg_Vsat) #Lower threshold voltage\n", + "\n", + "t=np.arange(0,2*math.pi,0.1)\n", + "vut=0.5*np.sin(t)\n", + "subplot(211)\n", + "plt.plot(t,vut)\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vin')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.title(r'$Input voltage$')\n", + "\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "t1=math.asin(0.025/0.5)\n", + "t2=math.pi-math.asin(-0.025/0.5)\n", + "t3=2*math.pi\n", + "x=[0,t1,t2,t3]\n", + "y=[-14,14,-14,14]\n", + "plt.subplot(212)\n", + "plt.step(x,y) #Plotting square wave\n", + "plt.title('Output Waveform')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vo')\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "plt.show()\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "#Since zener diode is forward biased\n", + "Output voltage during positive half-cycle of the input is -0.7 V\n", + "Output voltage during negative half-cycle of the input is 5.1 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f55408e2f50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 8.2\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 8-7(a), Vin=500 mV peak 60-Hz sinewave, R=100 ohm.\n", + "#IN3826 zener with Vz=5.1 V and the supply voltages= 15 V, -15V.\n", + "#Determine the output voltage swing.Assume that the voltage drop across\n", + "#the forward biased zener=0.7V.\n", + "\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import math\n", + "import array\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "vin=5*10**-3\n", + "R=100\n", + "Vd1=-0.7 # Output voltage during positive half-cycle of the input\n", + "Vd2=5.1 # Output voltage during negative half-cycle of the input\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "t=np.arange(0,2*math.pi,0.1)\n", + "vut=0.5*np.sin(t)\n", + "subplot(211)\n", + "plt.plot(t,vut)\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vin')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.title(r'$Input voltage$')\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "t1=math.pi\n", + "t2=2*math.pi\n", + "x=[0,t1,t2]\n", + "y=[-0.7,-0.7,5.1]\n", + "subplot(2,1,2)\n", + "plt.step(x,y)\n", + "plt.title('Output Waveform')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vo')\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"#Since zener diode is forward biased\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage during positive half-cycle of the input is\",Vd1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage during negative half-cycle of the input is\",Vd2,\"V\" \n", + "plt.show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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7YnVjIJDpsOD8ycH/+TvMGOwW/B93Y/7/ycDNwKfr6GG88QXsPq7CHqIbsYd3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\n+PS6p2FJxz8G3IeFOK7MSyt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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f5522d5d710>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output freq Fo is 2000 Hz\n", + "Output freq Fo/2 is 1000 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 8.3\n", + "#The V..F converter of figure 8-12 is initially adjusted for a 10 kHz full scale\n", + "#output frequency.Determine the output frequencies Fo and Fo/2 if the output\n", + "#signal Vin=2 V.\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import subplot\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "import array\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vin=2 # Input voltage\n", + "Fo1=2*10**3 # Output freq Fo when Vin=2V\n", + "Fo2=1*10**3 # Output freq Fo/2 when Vin=2V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import array\n", + "v=array.array('i',(0 for i in range(0,50)))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "count=1\n", + "for i in range(1,50): #for 5 cycles\n", + " if count<4:\n", + " v[i]=5\n", + " else:\n", + " v[i]=0\n", + " if count<10:\n", + " count=count+1\n", + " else:\n", + " count=1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "plt.subplot(211)\n", + "plt.plot(v)\n", + "plt.title('Output Waveform')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t(microsec)')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Pulse freq output,Fo(V)')\n", + "\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "for i in range(1,50): #for 5 cycles\n", + " if count<10:\n", + " v[i]=5\n", + " else:\n", + " v[i]=0\n", + " if count<20:\n", + " count=count+1\n", + " else:\n", + " count=1\n", + "\n", + "plt.subplot(2,1,2)\n", + "plt.plot(v)\n", + "plt.title('Output Waveform')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t(microsec)')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Pulse freq output,Fo(V)')\n", + "plt.show()\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output freq Fo is \",Fo1,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"Output freq Fo/2 is\",Fo2,\"Hz\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is 0.28 Volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 8.4\n", + "#The F/V converterof figure 8-14(a) is initially adjusted for Vo=2.8V at Fin max\n", + "#of 10 kHz. Determine the output voltage Vo if fin= 1 kHz.\n", + "\n", + "#Variable decclaration\n", + "Vo=2.8 #At Finmax of 10kHz\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vo1=Vo/10 #Output voltage at Fin=1kHz\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Output voltage is\",Vo1,\"Volts\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 8.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f5522c75350>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 8.5\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 8-25(a), Vin=200 mV peak to peak sine wave at 100 Hz.\n", + "#Briefly describe the operation of the circuit and draw the output waveform.\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "import math\n", + "import array\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vin=100*10**-3 # Input voltage\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "t=np.arange(0,math.pi,0.1) #time scale\n", + "v=Vin*np.sin(t)\n", + "\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "plt.xlim(0,2*math.pi)\n", + "plt.ylim(0,0.1)\n", + "plt.plot(t,v)\n", + "plt.ylabel('Vin')\n", + "plt.xlabel('t')\n", + "plt.title(r'$Input voltage$')\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "plt.show()" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter9.ipynb b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter9.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..117f377b --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,813 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 9: Specialixed IC Applications" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 31.6 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 3.27 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R1 is Open\n", + "Resistance R4 is 25.15 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R5 is 25.15 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R6 is 1.8 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R7 is 9.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R8 is 1.5 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 9.1\n", + "#The FLT-U2 is to be used as a second order inverting Butterworth low pass filter\n", + "#with a dc gain of 5,cutoff frequency of 2 kHz and Q=10. Determine the values\n", + "#of the external components.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "dc_gain=5\n", + "f1=2*10**3 # Cutoff freq in Hz\n", + "Q=10 # Figure of merit\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2=(316*10**3)/10 #Resistance R2\n", + "R3=(100*10**3)/((3.16*Q)-1)\n", + "R4=(5.03*10**7)/f1\n", + "R5=R4\n", + "R6=1.8*10**3 # Assumption\n", + "R7=dc_gain*R6\n", + "R8=(R6*R7)/(R6+R7)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is Open\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R4 is\",round(R4/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R5 is\",round(R5/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R6 is\",round(R6/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R7 is\",round(R7/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R8 is\",round(R8/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 100.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 2.96 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R1 is Open ohm\n", + "Resistance R4 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R5 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.2\n", + "#Using the FLT-U2, design a second order inverting Butterworth bandpass filter\n", + "#with centre frequency f1=5 kHz and Q=10.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f1=5*10**3 # Center freq in Hz\n", + "Q=10 # Figure of merit\n", + "R2=100*10**3 # Constant for band-pass filter\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R3=(100*10**3)/((3.48*Q)-1)\n", + "R4=(5.03*10**7)/f1\n", + "R5=R4\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is Open\",\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R4 is\",round(R4/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R5 is\",round(R5/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 100.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 2.96 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R1 is Open ohm\n", + "Resistance R4 is 10.06 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R5 is 10.06 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R6 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R7 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R8 is 10.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R9 is 3.33 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.3\n", + "#Using the FLT-U2, design a notch filter with 5 kHz notch out frequency and\n", + "#Q=10.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f1=5*10**3 # Center freq in Hz\n", + "Q=10 # Figure of merit\n", + "R2=100*10**3 # Constant for band-pass filter\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R3=(100*10**3)/((3.48*Q)-1)\n", + "R4=(5.03*10**7)/f1\n", + "R5=R4\n", + "R6=10*10**3 #Assumption\n", + "R7=R6\n", + "R8=R6\n", + "R9=(R6*R7*R8)/(R6*R7+R6*R8+R7*R8) #Since R6||R7||R8\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is Open\",\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R4 is\",round(R4/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R5 is\",round(R5/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R6 is\",round(R6/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R7 is\",round(R7/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R8 is\",round(R8/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R9 is\",round(R9/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2 is 20.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R3 is 14.14 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.4\n", + "#Using the MF5,design a second order Butterworth lowpass filter with a cutoff\n", + "#frequency of 500Hz and a passband gain of -2. Assume that a 5,-5 V power supply\n", + "#and a CMOS clock are used.\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f1=500 #Cut-off freq in Hz\n", + "Holp=-2 #Passband gain\n", + "R1=10*10**3 #Assumption\n", + "Q=0.707 #Figure of merit Q is fixed for second order butterworth LPF\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "R2=-R1*Holp #Using Holp=-R2/R1;\n", + "R3=Q*R2 #Using Q=R3/R2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",round(R2/10**3),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R3 is\",round(R3/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Capacitance C is 1.0 micro Farad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.5\n", + "#In the circuit of figure 9-16(a), Ra=10 Kilo ohm, the output pulse width\n", + "#tp=10 ms. Determine the value of C.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Ra=10*10**3 #Resistance in ohm\n", + "tp=10*10**-3 #Output pulse width\n", + "C=tp/(1.1*Ra)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "C=tp/(1.1*Ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Capacitance C is\",round(C*10**6),\"micro Farad\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance Ra is 54.55 kilo ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.6\n", + "#The circuit of figure 9-16 (a) is to be used as a divide-by-2 network.\n", + "#The frequency of the input trigger signal is 2 kHz.If the value of C=0.01 uF\n", + "#What should be the value of Ra.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=2*10**3 #Freq of input trigger signal in Hz\n", + "C=0.01*10**-6\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tp=1.2/f\n", + "Ra=tp/(1.1*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance Ra is\",round(Ra/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Charging time of the capacitor is 0.42 ms\n", + "Discharging time of the capacitor is 0.27 ms\n", + "Freq of oscillation is 1.4 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.7\n", + "#In the astable multivibrator of figure 9-21(a), Ra=2.2 kilo ohm, Rb=3.9 kilo ohm\n", + "#and C=0.1 uF. Determine the pulse width tc, negative pulse width td and free\n", + "#running frequency fo.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Ra=2.2*10**3 # Resistance in ohm\n", + "Rb=3.9*10**3 # Resistance in ohm\n", + "C=0.1*10**-6 # capacitance in farad\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tc=0.69*(Ra+Rb)*C # Charging time of the capacitor\n", + "td=0.69*Rb*C # Discharging time of the capacitor\n", + "T=tc+td\n", + "fo=1/T # Freq of oscillation\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Charging time of the capacitor is\",round(tc*10**3,2),\"ms\"\n", + "print \"Discharging time of the capacitor is\",round(td*10**3,2),\"ms\"\n", + "print \"Freq of oscillation is\",round(fo/10**3,1),\"kHz\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Freq of free running ramp generator is 5.16 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.8\n", + "#Referring to the circuit of figure 9-24(a),determine the frequency of the free-\n", + "#running ramp generator if R is set at 10 kHz.\n", + "#Assume that Vbe=Vd1=0.7 V.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R=10*10**3 #Resistance in ohm\n", + "Vcc=5 #Supply voltage in volt\n", + "Vbe=0.7 #Base to emitter voltage in volt\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6 #Capacitance in farad\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/R #Collector current in ampere\n", + "fo=(3*Ic)/(Vcc*C)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Freq of free running ramp generator is\",round(fo/10**3,2),\"kHz\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Free running frequency of VCO is 2.5 kHz\n", + "Lock range frequency of VCO is 1.0 kHz\n", + "Capture range frequency of VCO is 66.49 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.9\n", + "#Referring to the circuit of figure 9-33(a),determine the free-running frequency\n", + "#fout, the lock range fl and the capture range fc.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "R1=12*10**3 # Resistance in ohm\n", + "V_plus=10 # Supply voltage in volt\n", + "V_minus=-10 # Supply voltage in volt\n", + "C1=0.01*10**-6 # Capacitance in farad\n", + "C2=10*10**-6 # Capacitance in farad\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fout=1.2/(4*R1*C1)\n", + "V=V_plus-V_minus\n", + "fl=(8*fout)/V\n", + "fc=math.sqrt(fl/(2*math.pi*3.6*10**3*C2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Free running frequency of VCO is\",round(fout/10**3,1),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Lock range frequency of VCO is\",round(fl/10**3),\"kHz\"\n", + "print \"Capture range frequency of VCO is\",round(fc,2),\"Hz\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R is 20.0 ohm\n", + "Output voltage Vo is 17.0 Volt\n", + "Min input voltage Vin is 19.0 Volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.10\n", + "#Using the 7805C voltage regulator , design a current source that will deliver\n", + "#a 0.25 A current to a 48 ohm, 10 W load.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vr=5 #Voltage in volt\n", + "Il=0.25 #Load current in ampere\n", + "Rl=48 #Load resistance in ohm\n", + "dropout_volt=2 #Constant for IC7805C\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=Vr/Il #Approximate result sice Iq is negligible in the eq. Il=(Vr/Il)+Iq where Iq is quiescent current\n", + "Vl=Rl*Il\n", + "Vo=Vr+Vl\n", + "Vin=Vo+dropout_volt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R is\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"Output voltage Vo is\",Vo,\"Volt\"\n", + "print \"Min input voltage Vin is\",Vin,\"Volt\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance R2_min is 0.71 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R2_max is 2.03 kilo ohm\n", + "Therefore resistance should be varied from R2_min to R2_max values\n", + "To do this we take R2 as 3kohm potentiometer\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.11\n", + "#Design an adjustable voltage regulator to satisfy the following specifications\n", + "#Output voltage Vo= 5 to 12 V\n", + "#Output current Io= 1 A.\n", + "#Voltage regulator is LM317.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Vo_min=5 #Min output voltage in volt\n", + "Vo_max=12 #Max output voltage in volt\n", + "Vref=1.25 #Reference voltage in volt\n", + "Iadj=100*10**-6 #Adjustment pin current in ampere\n", + "R1=240 #Assumption\n", + "C2=1*10**-6 #Added to the circuit to improve transient response\n", + "C3=1*10**-6 #Added to the circuit to obtain high ripple rejection ratios\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R2_min=R1*(Vo_min-Vref)/(Vref+Iadj*R1) #Using Vo_min=Vref*(1+R2/R1)+Iadj*R2\n", + "R2_max=R1*(Vo_max-Vref)/(Vref+Iadj*R1) #Using Vo_max=Vref*(1+R2/R1)+Iadj*R2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance R2_min is\",round(R2_min/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R2_max is\",round(R2_max/10**3,2),\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Therefore resistance should be varied from R2_min to R2_max values\"\n", + "print \"To do this we take R2 as 3kohm potentiometer\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Sense current,Ipk is 1.0 A\n", + "Sense resistance,Rsc is 0.33 ohm\n", + "Constant K is 1.06\n", + "i.e, ton is K times of toff\n", + "OFF time period,toff is 24.27 us\n", + "ON time period,ton is 25.73 us\n", + "Inductance,L is 151.7 uH\n", + "Output capacitance,Co is 125.0 uF\n", + "Resistance R2 is 12.0 kilo ohm\n", + "Resistance R1 is 38.0 kilo ohm\n", + "efficiency is 81.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "#Example 9.12\n", + "#Design a step down switching regulator according to the following\n", + "#specifications.\n", + "#Input voltage Vin= 12 V dc.\n", + "#Output voltage Vo= 5V at 500 m A maximum.\n", + "#Output ripple voltage Vripple= 50 mV or 1% of Vo\n", + "#Switching regulator :uA78S40.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Iomax=500*10**-3 # Max output current in ampere\n", + "Vo=5 # Output voltage in volt\n", + "Vd=1.25 # Voltage drop across the power diode in volt\n", + "Vin=12 # Input voltage in volt\n", + "Vs=1.1 # Output saturation voltage in volt\n", + "Vripple=50*10**-3 # Output ripple voltage in volt\n", + "Vref=1.245 # Reference voltage in volt\n", + "Vr2=1.2 # Voltage across resistance R2 in volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ipk=2*Iomax # Sense current in ampere\n", + "Rsc=0.33/Ipk # Sense resistance in ohm\n", + "K=(Vo+Vd)/(Vin-Vs-Vo) # K= ton/toff\n", + "f=20*10**3 # Assuming operating freq in Hz\n", + "T=1/f\n", + "toff=T/2.06 # Using ton+toff=T and substituting for ton\n", + "ton=1.06*toff\n", + "Ct=45*10**-5*toff # Oscillator timing capacitance in farad\n", + "L=((Vo+Vd)/Ipk)*toff # Inductance in henry\n", + "Co=Ipk*((ton+toff)/(8*Vripple)) # Output capacitance in farad\n", + "I2=0.1*10**-3 # Assuming the current through R2\n", + "R2=Vref/I2 # Resistance R2 in ohm\n", + "R2=12*10**3 # Taking approximate value\n", + "R1=(R2*(Vo-Vr2))/Vr2 # Using Vr2=(R1*Vo)/R1+R2, voltage divider rule\n", + "efficiency=((Vin-Vs+Vd)/Vin)*(Vo/(Vo+Vd))*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Sense current,Ipk is\",Ipk,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Sense resistance,Rsc is\",Rsc,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"Constant K is\",round(K,2)\n", + "print \"i.e, ton is K times of toff\"\n", + "print \"OFF time period,toff is\",round(toff*10**6,2),\"us\"\n", + "print \"ON time period,ton is\",round(ton*10**6,2),\"us\"\n", + "print \"Inductance,L is\",round(L*10**6,2),\"uH\"\n", + "print \"Output capacitance,Co is\",round(Co*10**6,3),\"uF\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R2 is\",R2/10**3,\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"Resistance R1 is\",R1/10**3,\"kilo ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency is\",efficiency\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "## Example 9.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Sense current,Ipk is 6 A\n", + "Sense resistance,Rsc is 0.055 ohm\n", + "Constant K 1.06\n", + "i.e, ton is K times of toff\n", + "OFF time period,toff is 24.27 us\n", + "ON time period,ton is 25.73 us\n", + "Oscillator timing capacitance,Ct is 10.9 nF\n", + "Inductance,L is = %.8f H 25.28 uH\n", + "Output capacitance,Co is = %.7f F 0.75 milli Farad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 9.13\n", + "#Upgrade the switching regulator in Example 9-12 to provide +5V at 3A.\n", + "#Use the same specifications given in example 9-12,except the output ratings.\n", + "\n", + "from __future__ import division #to perform decimal division\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Iomax=3 #Max output current in ampere\n", + "Vo=5 #Output voltage in volt\n", + "Vd=1.25 #Voltage drop across the power diode in volt\n", + "Vin=12 #Input voltage in volt\n", + "Vs=1.1 #Output saturation voltage in volt\n", + "Vripple=50*10**-3 #Output ripple voltage in volt\n", + "Vref=1.245 #Reference voltage in volt\n", + "Vr2=1.2 #Voltage across resistance R2 in volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ipk=2*Iomax #Sense current in ampere\n", + "Rsc=0.33/Ipk #Sense resistance in ohm\n", + "K=(Vo+Vd)/(Vin-Vs-Vo) #K= ton/toff\n", + "f=20*10**3 #Assuming operating freq in Hz\n", + "T=1/f\n", + "toff=T/2.06 #Using ton+toff=T and substituting for ton\n", + "ton=1.06*toff\n", + "Ct=45*10**-5*toff #Oscillator timing capacitance in farad\n", + "L=((Vo+Vd)/Ipk)*toff #Inductance in henry\n", + "Co=Ipk*((ton+toff)/(8*Vripple)) #Output capacitance in farad\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Sense current,Ipk is\",Ipk,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Sense resistance,Rsc is\",Rsc,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"Constant K\",round(K,2)\n", + "print \"i.e, ton is K times of toff\"\n", + "print \"OFF time period,toff is\",round(toff*10**6,2),\"us\"\n", + "print \"ON time period,ton is\",round(ton*10**6,2),\"us\"\n", + "print \"Oscillator timing capacitance,Ct is\",round(Ct*10**9,1),\"nF\"\n", + "print \"Inductance,L is = %.8f H\",round(L*10**6,2),\"uH\"\n", + "print \"Output capacitance,Co is = %.7f F\",round(Co*10**3,5),\"milli Farad\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/README.txt b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cdf11029 --- /dev/null +++ b/OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Jumana - +Course: mtech +College/Institute/Organization: MPBtech. ECE, 6th SemVNIT Nagpur +Department/Designation: MPBtech. ECE, 6th SemVNIT Nagpur +Book Title: OpAmps And Linear Integrated Circuits +Author: Gayakwad +Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi +Year of publication: 2004 +Isbn: 9788120320581 +Edition: 4
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