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author: tslee 2014-11-27 17:17:59 +0530
committer: tslee 2014-11-27 17:17:59 +0530
commit: 6e3407ba85ae84e1cee1ae0c972fd32c5504d827 (patch)
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parent: 36a03d6d76bac315dba73b2ba9555c7e3fe0234f (diff)
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203 files changed, 57361 insertions, 5354 deletions
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/README.txt b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/README.txt
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+Contributed By: Koushik S
+Course: be
+College/Institute/Organization: Visvesvaraya Technological University
+Department/Designation: Electronics and Communication
+Book Title: Antennas and Wave Propagation
+Author: John. D. Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan
+Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi - 110 008
+Year of publication: 2012
+Isbn: 987-0-07-067155-3
+Edition: Fourth Edition
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter11.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 11: Broadband and Frequency-Independent Antennas<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 11-1.1, Page number: 423<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "d = 4       #spacing (mm)\n",
+      "D = 100     #distance between the openings (mm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "lambda_short = 10*d     #Shortest wavelength (mm)\n",
+      "lambda_long = 2*D       #Longest wavelength (mm)\n",
+      "bandwidth = lambda_long/lambda_short    #Bandwidth (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The approximate bandwidth is\", bandwidth,\"to 1\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The approximate bandwidth is 5 to 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 11-7.1, Page number: 438<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import atan,pi,log\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "gain_dbi = 7.0        #Gain (dBi)\n",
+      "bandwidth = 4          #Relative bandwidth (unitless)\n",
+      "s_lambda = 0.15       #Spacing (lambda)\n",
+      "k = 1.2               #Scale constant (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "alpha = atan((1-1/k)/(4*s_lambda))*180/pi   #Apex angle (degrees)\n",
+      "n = round(log(bandwidth)/log(k))    #Number of elements(unitless)\n",
+      "n += 1\n",
+      "n += 2      #Number of elements considering conservative design (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The apex angle is\", round(alpha,1), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The number of elements is\", n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The apex angle is 15.5 degrees\n",
+        "The number of elements is 11.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter12.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d140dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 12: The Cylindrical Antenna and the Moment Method (MM)<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 12-12.1, Page number: 472<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "N = 3        #Piecewise sinusoidal dipole modes (unitless)\n",
+      "l = 1/10.0     #Dipole length (lambda)\n",
+      "z11_exact = 0.4935 - 3454j #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z11_apprx = 0.4944 - 3426j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z12_exact = 0.4935 + 1753j  #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z12_apprx =  0.4945 + 1576j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z13_exact = 0.4935 + 129.9j #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z13_apprx =  0.4885 + 132.2j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "N2 = N + 1  #Number of equal segments (unitless)\n",
+      "d = l/4     #Length of each segment (lambda)\n",
+      "Rmn = 20*(2*pi*d)**2   #Real part of elements of Z-matrix, Zmn (VA)\n",
+      "zmat_apprx = np.array([[(z11_apprx+z13_apprx), z12_apprx],\n",
+      "                        [2*z12_apprx, z11_apprx]])\n",
+      "                        #Z(impedence) matrix    (unitless)\n",
+      "vmat = np.array([0,1])  #Voltage matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i1,i2 = np.linalg.solve(zmat_apprx,vmat)    #Current matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i_ratio = i2/i1         #Current ratio  (unitless)\n",
+      "zin = vmat[1]/i2        #Input impedence (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "zmat_exact = np.array([[(z11_exact+z13_exact), z12_exact],\n",
+      "                        [2*z12_exact, z11_exact]])\n",
+      "i1_e,i2_e = np.linalg.solve(zmat_exact,vmat)    #Current matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i_ratio_exact = i2_e/i1_e         #Current ratio  (unitless)\n",
+      "zin_exact = vmat[1]/i2_e        #Input impedence (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The current ratio is \", np.around(i_ratio,4)\n",
+      "print \"This is nearly equal to 1.9,\" \\\n",
+      "                \"indicating a nearly triangular current distribution\"\n",
+      "print \"The input impdence is \", np.around(zin,3), \"ohm using approximate values\"\n",
+      "print \"The input impedence is \", np.around(zin_exact,3), \"ohm using exact values\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The current ratio is  (2.09+0.0013j)\n",
+        "This is nearly equal to 1.9,indicating a nearly triangular current distribution\n",
+        "The input impdence is  (1.891-1917.848j) ohm using approximate values\n",
+        "The input impedence is  (2.083-1605.074j) ohm using exact values\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 12-12.2, Page number: 473<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import tan, pi\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "z_load = 2.083 + 1605j    #conjugate matched load (ohm)\n",
+      "e0 = 1.0                      #Electric field magnitude (unitless)\n",
+      "l = 1/10.0                    #length of dipole (lambda)\n",
+      "imag = 0+1j                 #Imaginary number \n",
+      "\n",
+      "z11_exact = 0.4935 - 3454j #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z11_apprx = 0.4944 - 3426j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z12_exact = 0.4935 + 1753j  #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z12_apprx =  0.4945 + 1576j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z13_exact = 0.4935 + 129.9j #Exact impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "z13_apprx =  0.4885 + 132.2j #approximate impedence vector(ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "d = l/4     #Length of each segment (lambda)\n",
+      "vm = (2*e0/(2*pi))*tan(2*pi*d/2)    #Voltage vector (VA)\n",
+      "z22 = z11_exact + z_load        #Impedence matrix for loaded dipole (VA)\n",
+      "zmat_exact = np.array([[(z11_exact+z13_exact), z12_exact],\n",
+      "                        [2*z12_exact, z22]])\n",
+      "                        #Z(impedence) matrix    (unitless)\n",
+      "vmat = np.array([vm,vm])  #Voltage matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i1,i2 = np.linalg.solve(zmat_exact,vmat)    #Current matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i3 = i1         #Current vector (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e_zn = (60*tan(2*pi*d/2))*imag      #Free space electric field (V/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e_s = i1*e_zn + i2*e_zn + i3*e_zn         #Scattered field (V/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sigma = 4*pi*(abs(e_s)**2)/(abs(e0)**2) #Radar Cross section (lambda**2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radar cross section using exact values of Z matrix is\", round(sigma,4),\\\n",
+      "                                                    \"lambda^2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radar cross section using exact values of Z matrix is 0.1805 lambda^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 12-12.3, Page number: 475<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "z11_exact = 2-1921j         #Exact impedence vector (ohm)\n",
+      "z12_exact = 1.9971-325.1j   #Exact impedence vector (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "z11_apprx = 1.9739-1992j    #Approximate impedence vector (ohm)\n",
+      "z12_apprx = 1.9739-232.8j   #Approximate impedence vector (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "vmat = np.array([1,0])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "zmat_exact = np.array([[z11_apprx, z12_apprx],\n",
+      "                        [z12_apprx, z11_apprx]])    \n",
+      "                        #Impedence matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "i1,i2 = np.linalg.solve(zmat_exact,vmat)\n",
+      "                        #Current matrix (unitless)\n",
+      "zin = 1/i1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The input impedence for order N = 2 is\", np.around(zin,3), \"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The input impedence for order N = 2 is (1.539-1964.795j) ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter15.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter15.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..223fe26f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter15.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,830 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 15: Antennas for Special Applications<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-2.1, Page number 524<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "freq = 100e3    #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "height = 150    #Height of antenna(m)\n",
+      "RL = 2          #Loss resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/freq    #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "hp = height/wave_lt #Antenna (physical) height (lambda)\n",
+      "he = hp/2           #Effective height (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rr = 400*(hp**2)  #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_E = Rr/(Rr+RL)        #Radiation efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The Effective height of the antenna is \", he, \"lambda\"\n",
+      "print \"The Radiation resistance for 150m vertical radiator is\", Rr, \"ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"The radiation efficiency is\", round(R_E,2), \"or\", round(R_E*100,2), \"%\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Effective height of the antenna is  0.025 lambda\n",
+        "The Radiation resistance for 150m vertical radiator is 1.0 ohm\n",
+        "The radiation efficiency is 0.33 or 33.33 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-4.1, Page number: 529</h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "%pylab inline\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "from math import pi, sin, sqrt, radians\n",
+      "from pylab import *\n",
+      "from cmath import sqrt\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "eps_r1 = 16    #Real part of relative permittivity of ground (unitless)\n",
+      "sigma = 1e-2    #conductivity of ground (mho per meter)\n",
+      "eps_0 = 8.85e-12    #Air permittivity (F/m)\n",
+      "f1 = 1e6       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "f2 = 100e6     #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "eps_r11 = sigma/(2*pi*f1*eps_0)    #Loss part of relative permittivity for f1 (unitless)\n",
+      "eps_r11_2 = sigma/(2*pi*f2*eps_0)    #Loss part of relative permittivity for f2 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "eps_ra = eps_r1 -(1j)*eps_r11    #Relative permittivity for f1 (unitless)\n",
+      "eps_rb = eps_r1 -(1j)*eps_r11_2    #Relative permittivity for f2 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n1 = sqrt(eps_ra)    #Refractive index for f1 (unitless)\n",
+      "n2 = sqrt(eps_rb)    #Refractive index for f2 (unitless)\n",
+      "E_perp1 = [1 + (abs((sin(alpha) - n1)/(sin(alpha)+n1))*exp(1j*(2*pi*sin(alpha) + angle((sin(alpha) - n1)/(sin(alpha)+n1))))) \\\n",
+      "          for alpha in arange(0,pi/2,pi/180)]    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_perp2 = [1 + (abs((sin(alpha) - n2)/(sin(alpha)+n2))*exp(1j*(2*pi*sin(alpha) + angle((sin(alpha) - n2)/(sin(alpha)+n2))))) \\\n",
+      "          for alpha in arange(0,pi/2,pi/180)]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_perp1_rel = E_perp1/max(E_perp1)    #Relative electric field for f1 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_perp2_rel = E_perp2/max(E_perp2)    #Relative electric field for f2 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "theta = arange(0,pi/2,pi/180)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "polar(theta,E_perp1_rel,'g',label=\"1MHz\")\n",
+      "polar(theta,E_perp2_rel,'b--',label=\"100MHz\")\n",
+      "legend(loc=\"upper left\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The loss parameter for 1MHz is \", round(eps_r11)\n",
+      "print \"The loss parameter for 100MHz is \", round(eps_r11_2,2)\n",
+      "print \"The relative permittivity for 1MHz is \", np.around(eps_ra)\n",
+      "print \"The relative permittivity for 100MHz is \", np.around(eps_rb,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The loss parameter for 1MHz is  180.0\n",
+        "The loss parameter for 100MHz is  1.8\n",
+        "The relative permittivity for 1MHz is  (16-180j)\n",
+        "The relative permittivity for 100MHz is  (16-1.8j)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/numeric.py:460: ComplexWarning: Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part\n",
+        "  return array(a, dtype, copy=False, order=order)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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ckDo1DY0z6dKli9IT60TAP/8A2bkifHnpS3zk/xFOvnMSqz1Ww1D/f/lZhUIh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\nzC44mDDG7IKDCWPMLjiYMMbs4n+vNvwywIT7aAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f9dca6680d0>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-12.1, Page number: 541</h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "%pylab inline\n",
+      "from math import pi,acos,sqrt,log10,atan\n",
+      "import cmath\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "from pylab import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 60e6    #Frequency(Hz)\n",
+      "dep = 20    #Depth of antenna location (m)\n",
+      "sigma = 1.33e-2    #Conductivity (mho per m)\n",
+      "eps0 = 8.85e-12    #Air Permittivity (F/m)\n",
+      "epr1 = 80    #Real part of relative permittivity (unitless)\n",
+      "alphat = 10    #Elevation angle (degrees)\n",
+      "cl = 1    #Circumference (lambda)\n",
+      "pitch = 12.5    #Pitch angle (degrees)\n",
+      "c = 3e8    #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dir_gb = 3    #Directivity of George Brown turnstile (unitless)\n",
+      "Aer_gb = 6    #Effective aperture of George Brown turnstile (unitless)\n",
+      "r = 1e3    #Distance between transmitter and receiver (m)\n",
+      "Pt = 100    #Transmitted power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "epr11 = sigma/(eps0*2*pi*f)    #Loss term of relative permittivity (unitless)\n",
+      "epr = epr1 + 1j*epr11    #Relative permittivity (unitless)\n",
+      "alphac = acos(sqrt(1/epr1))    #Critical angle (degrees)\n",
+      "alpha = acos(cos(radians(alphat))/sqrt(epr1))    #Angle of incidence (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n1=12    #Number of turns\n",
+      "rad = cl/(2*pi)    #Radius of loop (lambda)\n",
+      "sl = tan(radians(12.5))\n",
+      "hpbw1 = 52/(cl*sqrt(n1*sl))    #Half power beamwidth for 12 turns(degrees)\n",
+      "dir1 = 12*(cl**2)*n1*sl    #Directivity for 12 turns (unitless)\n",
+      "n2 = n1*2    #Number of turns\n",
+      "hpbw2 = 52/(cl*sqrt(n2*sl))    #Half power beamwidth for 24 turns(degrees)\n",
+      "dir2 = 12*(cl**2)*n2*sl    #Directivity for 24 turns (unitless)\n",
+      "num = 20    #Number of turns chosen\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p_perp = [(sin(theta)-cmath.sqrt(epr - cos(theta)**2))/(sin(theta)+cmath.sqrt(epr - cos(theta)**2)) \\\n",
+      "          for theta in arange(0,pi,pi/180)]\n",
+      "                            #Reflection coefficient (unitless)\n",
+      "p_pall = [(epr*sin(theta)-cmath.sqrt(epr - cos(theta)**2))/(epr*sin(theta)+cmath.sqrt(epr - cos(theta)**2)) \\\n",
+      "            for theta in arange(0,pi,pi/180)]\n",
+      "                            #Reflection coefficient (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Sr = 0.5*(np.absolute(p_perp)**2 + np.absolute(p_pall)**2)    #Relative power density reflected (unitless)\n",
+      "St = 1 - Sr     #Relative power density transmitted (unitless)\n",
+      " \n",
+      "theta = arange(0,pi,pi/180)\n",
+      "subplot(1,2,1)\n",
+      "plot(theta,St)\n",
+      "xlim([0,pi/2])\n",
+      "title(\"Relative power vs Elevation angle\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "subplot(1,2,2, polar=True)\n",
+      "plot(theta,St)\n",
+      "title(\"Pattern of transmission\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f    #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "diam = wave_lt/(sqrt(epr1)*pi)    #Submerged helix diameter (m)\n",
+      "att_cons = (pi*epr11)/(wave_lt*sqrt(epr1))    #Attenuation constant for water (Np/m)\n",
+      "att_d = 20*log10(exp(-att_cons*dep))    #Attenuation in the water path (dB)\n",
+      "Dir = 12*(cl**2)*num*sl    #Directivity for 20 turn helix (unitless)\n",
+      "Ae = Dir*(wave_lt**2)/(4*pi)    #Effective aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pr = Pt*Ae*dir_gb/((r**2)*(wave_lt**2))    #Received power(W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "St = np.around(St,2)\n",
+      "loss_inter = 10*log10(St[10])    #Loss at the interface for alpha = 83.68 (dB)\n",
+      "tot_loss = round(abs(att_d + loss_inter))    #Total loss (dB)\n",
+      "Pr_act = Pr/(10**(tot_loss/10))    #Net Actual received power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Half power beamwidth for 12 turns is \", round(hpbw1), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"Directivity for 12 turns is \", round(dir1,1)\n",
+      "print \"Half power beamwidth for 24 turns is \", round(hpbw2), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"Directivity for 24 turns is \", round(dir2,1)\n",
+      "print \"A helix of \", num, \"turns is chosen for reasonable compromise\"\n",
+      "print \"The signal level at the distance of 1km is\", round(Pr_act,10), \"W\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Half power beamwidth for 12 turns is  32.0 degrees\n",
+        "Directivity for 12 turns is  31.9\n",
+        "Half power beamwidth for 24 turns is  23.0 degrees\n",
+        "Directivity for 24 turns is  63.8\n",
+        "A helix of  20 turns is chosen for reasonable compromise\n",
+        "The signal level at the distance of 1km is 8e-09 W\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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cKZiOjg78/Pzg5+cHoVCIyMhInD59GtOmTcPr168xe/ZszJo1SyyG8ruOSi86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\nDgaMMcYA/B/PBcUPbKxwhwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fdf86780510>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-13.1, Page number: 546<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import atan,pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "freq = 3e9  #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "Re_Zc = 14.4e-3 #Real part of intrinsic impedence of copper (ohm)\n",
+      "Zd = 377    #Intrinsic impedence of air (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "tau = atan(Re_Zc/Zd)*180/pi #Tilt angle (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The tilt angle is\", round(tau,4), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The tilt angle is 0.0022 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 88
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-13.2, Page number: 546<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import atan,pi,sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "freq = 3e9  #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "eps_r = 80  #Relative permittivity of water (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "tau = atan(1/sqrt(eps_r))*180/pi #Forward Tilt angle (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The forward tilt angle is\", round(tau,1), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The forward tilt angle is 6.4 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 89
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-13.3, Page number: 550<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import acos,pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lambda_g = 1.5      #Wavelength in guide (lambda)\n",
+      "m = -1  #Mode number\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "phi = acos((1/lambda_g)+m)*180/pi #Forward Tilt angle (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The beam angle is\", round(phi,1), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The beam angle is 109.5 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 90
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-14.1, Page number:552<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10, sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "freq = 4e9      #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "T_sys = 100     #System Temperature (K)\n",
+      "S_N = 20        #Signal to Noise ratio (dB)\n",
+      "bandwidth = 30e6    #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "P_trans = 5     #Satellite transponder power (W)\n",
+      "dia = 2         #Satellite parabolic dish diameter (m)\n",
+      "sat_spacing = 2 #Spacing between satellites (degrees)\n",
+      "r = 36000e3       #Downlink distance (m)\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23    #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/freq\n",
+      "s_n = (wave_lt**2)/(16*(pi**2)*(r**2)*k*T_sys*bandwidth)    \n",
+      "s_n = 10*log10(s_n)     #Signal to noise ratio for isotropic antennas (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ae = 0.5*pi*(dia**2)/4      #Effective Aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "Gs = 4*pi*Ae/(wave_lt**2)   \n",
+      "Gs = 10*log10(Gs)       #Antenna Gain (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ge = 20 - s_n - Gs - 10*log10(P_trans) #Required earth station antenna gain(dB)\n",
+      "Ae_e = (10**(Ge/10))*(wave_lt**2)/(4*pi)    \n",
+      "            #Required earth station effective aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "Ap = Ae_e*2     #Required Physical aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "De = 2*sqrt(Ap/pi)      #Required diameter of earth-station antenna(m)\n",
+      "hpbw = 65/(De/wave_lt)     #Half power beam width (degree)\n",
+      "bwfn = 145/(De/wave_lt)    #Beamwidth between first null (degree)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The required parabolic dish diameter of earth station antenna is\"\\\n",
+      "                                , round(De,1), \"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Half power beamwidth is\", round(hpbw,1), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The beamwidth between first null is\", round(bwfn,1), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required parabolic dish diameter of earth station antenna is 3.1 m\n",
+        "The Half power beamwidth is 1.6 degrees\n",
+        "The beamwidth between first null is 3.5 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 93
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-20.1, Page number: 568<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Tr = 45     #Satellite receiver temperature (K)\n",
+      "rcp_gain = 6    #Right circularly polarized antenna gain (dBi)\n",
+      "rcp_quad_gain = 3   #RCP gain of quadrifilar helix antenna (dBi)\n",
+      "bandwidth = 9.6e3   #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "snr = 10        #Required Signal-to-Noise ratio (dB)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "f = 1.65e9  #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "r = 780e3   #Distance to the satellite (m)\n",
+      "Ta = 300    #Antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "k = 1.4e-23 #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "theta = 10  #Zenith angle (degree)\n",
+      "Tr_handheld = 75    #Hand held receiver temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tsky = 6        #Sky Temperature (K)\n",
+      "theta_horz = 80 #Zenith angle for horizontal dipole (degree)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "Ld = (wave_lt/(4*pi*r))**2 #Spatial loss factor(unitless)\n",
+      "Ld_db = 10*log10(Ld)    #Spatial loss factor(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Tsys_up = Ta + Tr      #Satellite system temperature (K)\n",
+      "N = k*Tsys_up*bandwidth    #Noise power(W)\n",
+      "N_db = 10*log10(N)      #Noise power (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_vert = cos(pi*cos(theta*pi/180)/2)/sin(theta*pi/180)\n",
+      "        #Pattern factor for vertical lambda/2 dipole (unitless)\n",
+      "E_vert_db = 20*log10(E_vert)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_vert_up = snr - (2.15 + round(E_vert_db,1) - 3) - \\\n",
+      "                        rcp_gain + round(N_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Uplink power for vertical lambda/2 antenna (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_vert_up = 10**(Pt_vert_up/10) \n",
+      "                #Uplink power for vertical lambda/2 antenna (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ta_down = 0.5*(Ta)+0.5*(Tsky)+3   #Downlink antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tsys_down = Ta_down + Tr_handheld   #System temperature(K)\n",
+      "N_down = k*Tsys_down*bandwidth  #Noise power (W)\n",
+      "N_down_db = 10*log10(N_down)    #Noise power (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_vert_down = snr -(2.15+ round(E_vert_db,1) - 3) - \\\n",
+      "                        rcp_gain + round(N_down_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for vertical lambda/2 antenna (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_vert_down = 10**(Pt_vert_down/10)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for vertical lambda/2 antenna (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_horz = cos(pi*cos(theta_horz*pi/180)/2)/sin(theta_horz*pi/180)\n",
+      "        #Pattern factor for horizontal lambda/2 dipole (unitless)\n",
+      "E_horz_db = round(20*log10(E_horz),1)\n",
+      "Pt_horz_up = snr -(2.15 + E_horz_db - 3) - \\\n",
+      "                     rcp_gain + round(N_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Uplink power for horizonal lambda/2 dipole (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_horz_up = 10**(Pt_horz_up/10)\n",
+      "                #Uplink power for horizonal lambda/2 dipole (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_horz_down = snr -(2.15 + E_horz_db - 3) - \\\n",
+      "                    rcp_gain + round(N_down_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for horizonal lambda/2 dipole (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_horz_down = 10**(Pt_horz_down/10)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for horizonal lambda/2 dipole (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_quad_up = snr -(rcp_quad_gain + E_horz_db) - \\\n",
+      "                        rcp_gain + round(N_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Uplink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_quad_up = 10**(Pt_quad_up/10)\n",
+      "                #Uplink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ta_quad = 0.85*(Tsky) + 0.15*(Ta) #Downlink antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tsys_quad = Ta_quad + Tr_handheld   #System temperature(K)\n",
+      "N_quad = k*Tsys_quad*bandwidth  #Noise power (W)\n",
+      "N_quad_db = 10*log10(N_quad)    #Noise power (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_quad_down = snr -(rcp_quad_gain + E_horz_db) - \\\n",
+      "                        rcp_gain + round(N_quad_db) - round(Ld_db)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_quad_down = 10**(Pt_quad_down/10)\n",
+      "                #Downlink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The Uplink power for vertical lambda/2 dipole is\", round(Pt_vert_up,1),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The Uplink power for horizontal lambda/2 dipole is\", round(Pt_horz_up,3),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The Uplink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna is\", round(Pt_quad_up,3),\"W\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The downlink power for vertical lambda/2 dipole is\", round(Pt_vert_down,1),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The downlink power for horizontal lambda/2 dipole is\", round(Pt_horz_down,3),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The downlink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna is\",\\\n",
+      "                    round(Pt_quad_down,3),\"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Uplink power for vertical lambda/2 dipole is 25.4 W\n",
+        "The Uplink power for horizontal lambda/2 dipole is 0.507 W\n",
+        "The Uplink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna is 0.209 W\n",
+        "The downlink power for vertical lambda/2 dipole is 16.0 W\n",
+        "The downlink power for horizontal lambda/2 dipole is 0.32 W\n",
+        "The downlink power for RCP quadrifilar helix antenna is 0.066 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 94
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-20.2, Page number: 571<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 1.6e9       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "r = 1400e3      #Height (m)\n",
+      "r_sep = 3500e3    #Height for 10 degree seperation (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "Ta = 300        #Satellite antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tr = 45         #Satellite receiver temperature (K)\n",
+      "k = 1.3e-23     #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "bandwidth = 9.6e3   #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "snr = 6         #Signal to noise ratio (dB)\n",
+      "rcp_gain = 3    #Helix gain(dB)\n",
+      "beam_angle = 25 #RCP spot beam (degree)\n",
+      "Tsky = 6        #Sky Temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tr_handheld = 75    #Hand held receiver temperature (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "Ld = (wave_lt/(4*pi*r))**2  \n",
+      "Ld = 10*log10(Ld)       #Propagation loss factor (dB)\n",
+      "sat_gain = 40000/(beam_angle**2)\n",
+      "sat_gain = 10*log10(sat_gain)   #Satellite gain (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Tsys = Ta+Tr        #System temperature (K)\n",
+      "N = k*Tsys*bandwidth    #Noise power (W)\n",
+      "N_db = 10*log10(N)      #Noise power (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_up = snr - (rcp_gain) - (sat_gain) + N_db - Ld   #Uplink power (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_up = 10**(Pt_up/10)      #Uplink power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ta_quad = 0.85*(Tsky) + 0.15*(Ta) #Downlink antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tsys_quad = Ta_quad + Tr_handheld   #System temperature(K)\n",
+      "N_quad = k*Tsys_quad*bandwidth  #Noise power (W)\n",
+      "N_quad_db = 10*log10(N_quad)    #Noise power (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_down = snr - (rcp_gain) - (sat_gain) + round(N_quad_db) - round(Ld)  \n",
+      "                                #Downlink power (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_down = 10**(Pt_down/10)      #Downlink power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ld_sep = (wave_lt/(4*pi*r_sep))**2  \n",
+      "Ld_sep = 10*log10(Ld_sep)   #Propagation loss factor(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_sep = snr - (rcp_gain) - sat_gain + ceil(N_db) - round(Ld_sep)\n",
+      "                                #Uplink power (dB)\n",
+      "Pt_sep = 10**(Pt_sep/10)        #Uplink power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The Satellite gain is\", round(sat_gain,1),\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The Uplink power required is\", round(Pt_up,3),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The Downlink power required is\",round(Pt_down,4),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The uplink power required for 10 deg. from horizon is\",round(Pt_sep,3),\"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Satellite gain is 18.1 dB\n",
+        "The Uplink power required is 0.012 W\n",
+        "The Downlink power required is 0.0039 W\n",
+        "The uplink power required for 10 deg. from horizon is 0.078 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 97
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-20.3, Page number: 572<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 30e9        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "Tr = 300        #Receiver temperature (K)\n",
+      "Ta = 275        #Satellite antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "h = 1400e3      #Height (m)\n",
+      "bw = 9.6e3      #Bandwidth per channel (Hz)\n",
+      "rcp_gain = 10   #RCP satellite gain (dBi)\n",
+      "rain_att = 10   #Rain attenuation (dB)\n",
+      "k = 1.4e-23 #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "snr = 10    #Required SNR (dB)\n",
+      "ap_eff = 0.7    #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "Ta_2 = 10       #Dish antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "Ld = (wave_lt/(4*pi*r))**2 #Spatial loss factor(unitless)\n",
+      "Ld_db = 10*log10(Ld)    #Spatial loss factor(dB)\n",
+      "Tsys = Ta+Tr        #System temperature (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N = k*Tsys*bw   #Propagation loss due to rain (W)\n",
+      "N = 10*log10(N) #Propagation loss due to rain (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Dr = -rcp_gain + snr - Ld_db + N + rain_att #Antenna gain (dB)\n",
+      "Dr = 10**(Dr/10)    #Antenna gain (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Dr_req = Dr/ap_eff   #Required antenna gain (unitless)\n",
+      "Dr_req_db = 10*log10(Dr_req)   #Required antenna gain (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dish_dia = 2*wave_lt*sqrt(Dr_req/28)    #Required diameter of dish (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "hpbw = sqrt(40000/Dr_req)   #Half power beam width (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Tsys2 = Ta_2 + Tr   #System temperature(K)\n",
+      "N2 = k*Tsys2*bw     #Propagation loss due to rain(W)\n",
+      "N2 = 10*log10(N2)   #Propagation loss due to rain(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pt_db = snr - Dr_req_db - rcp_gain + N2 - Ld_db + rain_att \n",
+      "                                    #Transmitted power (dB)\n",
+      "Pt = 10**(Pt_db/10)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The uplink antenna gain required is\", round(Dr_req_db,0), \"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The required dish size\", round(dish_dia,3), \"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The HPBW is\", round(hpbw,1), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The downlink satellite power required is\", round(Pt,3), \"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The uplink antenna gain required is 35.0 dB\n",
+        "The required dish size 0.221 m\n",
+        "The HPBW is 3.4 degrees\n",
+        "The downlink satellite power required is 0.377 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 102
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-21.1, Page number: 574</h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dia = 1000    #diameter of asteroid (m)\n",
+      "prc = 0.4     #Power reflection coefficient of asteroid (unitless)\n",
+      "f = 4e9       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "P = 1e9       #Power (W)\n",
+      "s = 20e3      #Asteroid speed (m/s)\n",
+      "ast_dis = 0.4    #Distance of asteroid (AU)\n",
+      "au = 1.5e11     #Astronomical Unit (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8       #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23    #Boltzmann's constant (m^2 kg s^-2 K^-1)\n",
+      "Tsys = 10      #System temperature (K)\n",
+      "B = 1e6     #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "snr = 10    #Signal to noise ratio (dB)\n",
+      "eap = 0.75    #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sigma = prc*pi*s**2    #Radar cross section (m^2)\n",
+      "ast_dm = au*ast_dis    #Astroid distance (m)\n",
+      "lmda = c/f     #Wavelength(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "d4 = (64*(lmda**2)*(ast_dm**4)*k*Tsys*B*snr)/((eap**2)*pi*(sigma)*P)\n",
+      "d = d4**(0.25)    #Diameter of dish (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "delf = 2*s/lmda    #Doppler shift (Hz)\n",
+      "delt = 2*(ast_dm)/c    #Time delay (s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "timp = ast_dm/s    #Time before impact (s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The diameter of the dish is\", round(d), \"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The doppler shift is %.1f Hz\" % delf\n",
+      "print \"The time delay for the radar signal is\", delt, \"s\"\n",
+      "print \"The time before impact is\", timp, \"s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The diameter of the dish is 292.0 m\n",
+        "The doppler shift is 533333.3 Hz\n",
+        "The time delay for the radar signal is 400.0 s\n",
+        "The time before impact is 3000000.0 s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 153
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 15-26.1, Page number: 584<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "t1 = 0.3e-9     #Echo time off the top of pavement (s)\n",
+      "t2 = 2.4e-9     #Echo time off bottom of pavement (s)\n",
+      "t3 = 14.4e-9    #Echo time off bottom of water pocket (s)\n",
+      "er_1 = 4        #Relative permittivity of pavement (unitless)\n",
+      "er_2 = 81       #Relative permittivity of water pocket (unitless)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "d1 = (t2-t1)*c/(2*sqrt(er_1))\n",
+      "d2 = (t3-t2)*c/(2*sqrt(er_2))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of pavement is\", round(d1,2),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The thickness of water pocket is\", round(d2,2), \"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The thickness of pavement is 0.16 m\n",
+        "The thickness of water pocket is 0.2 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 104
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter16.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter16.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00fc2d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 16: Practical Design Considerations of Large Aperture Antennas<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 16-2.1, Page number: 608<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import cos, pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "delta = 1/20.0        #rms deviation (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "del_phi = 4*pi*delta*180/pi #Phase error (degrees)\n",
+      "kg = cos(del_phi*pi/180)**2        #Gain-loss (unitless)\n",
+      "kg = 10*log10(kg)           #Gain-loss (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The gain reduction is\", round(abs(kg),1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The gain reduction is 1.8 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 16-2.2, Page number: 609<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import tan,pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "del_phi = 36.0    #rms phase error (degrees)\n",
+      "n_irr = 100.0     #Number of irregularities\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "max_side = tan(del_phi*pi/180)**2\n",
+      "max_side = -10*log10(max_side)\n",
+      "            #Maximum side-lobe level (dB)\n",
+      "ran_side = (1/n_irr)*tan(del_phi*pi/180)**2\n",
+      "ran_side = -10*log10(ran_side)\n",
+      "            #Random side-lobe level (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The maximum side lobe level from main lobe is\", round(max_side,1),\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The random side lobe level from main lobe is\", round(ran_side,1),\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum side lobe level from main lobe is 2.8 dB\n",
+        "The random side lobe level from main lobe is 22.8 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter17.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter17.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9d63ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter17.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 17: Antenna Temperature, Remote Sensing and Radar Cross Section<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-1.1, Page number: 623<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Ta = 0.24   #Antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "ang = 0.005     #Subtended angle (degrees)\n",
+      "hpbw = 0.116    #Antenna half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ts = Ta*(hpbw**2)/(pi*(ang**2/4))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The averate temperature of the surface is\", round(Ts), \"K\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The averate temperature of the surface is 164.0 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-1.2, Page number: 625<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "eff_aper = 500      #Antenna effective aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "wave_lt = 20e-2        #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "Tsky = 10.0           #sky temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tgnd = 300.0          #Ground temperature (K)\n",
+      "beam_eff = 0.7      #Beam efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "aper_eff = 0.5      #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phy_aper = aper_eff/eff_aper    #Physical aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "diam = 2*sqrt(phy_aper/pi)  #Antenna diameter (m)\n",
+      "diam_l = diam/wave_lt       #Antenna diameter (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ta_sky = Tsky*beam_eff      #Sky contribution to antenna temp. (K)\n",
+      "ta_side = 0.5*Tsky*(1-beam_eff) #Side-lobe contribution to antenna temp. (K)\n",
+      "ta_back = 0.5*Tgnd*(1-beam_eff) #Back-lobe contribution to antenna temp. (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ta = ta_sky + ta_side + ta_back\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The total antenna temperature is\", Ta, \"K\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The total antenna temperature is 53.5 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-2.1, Page number: 629<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Tn = 50.0     #Noise temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tphy = 300.0      #Physical temperature (K)\n",
+      "Eff = 0.99       #Efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "Tn_stg = 80.0       #Noise temperature of first 3 stages (K)\n",
+      "gain_db = 13.0       #Gain (dB)\n",
+      "Tphy_tr = 300   #Transmission line physical temperature (K)\n",
+      "Eff_tr = 0.9    #Transmission line efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "gain = 10**(gain_db/10)\n",
+      "T_r = Tn_stg + Tn_stg/(gain) + Tn_stg/(gain**2)\n",
+      "                #Receiver noise temperature (K)\n",
+      "Tsys = Tn + Tphy*(1/Eff - 1) + Tphy_tr*(1/Eff_tr - 1) + (1/Eff_tr)*T_r\n",
+      "                #System temperature (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The system temperature is\", round(Tsys), \"K\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The system temperature is 180.0 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-2.2, Page number: 630<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "phy_aper = 2208     #Physical aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "f = 1415e6          #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "aper_eff = 0.54     #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "Tsys = 50           #System temperature (K)\n",
+      "bw = 100e6          #RF Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "t_const = 10         #Output time constant (s)\n",
+      "sys_const = 2.2     #System constant (unitless)\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23        #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Tmin = sys_const*Tsys/(sqrt(bw*t_const))    #Minimum detectable temperature(K)\n",
+      "eff_aper = aper_eff*phy_aper        #Effective aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "Smin = 2*k*Tmin/eff_aper        #Minimum detectable flux density (W/m^2/Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The minimum detectable flux density is %.1e W/m^2/Hz\" % Smin"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum detectable flux density is 8.1e-29 W/m^2/Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-3.1, Page number: 631<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23    #Boltzmann's constant (J/K)\n",
+      "trans_pow = 5   #Transponder power (W)\n",
+      "r = 36000e3     #Distance (m)\n",
+      "wave_lt = 7.5e-2    #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "ant_gain = 30   #Antenna gain (dB)\n",
+      "earth_ant = 38  #Earth station antenna gain (dB)\n",
+      "Tsys = 100      #Earth station receiver system temperature (K)\n",
+      "bw = 30e6       #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s_n = wave_lt**2/(16*(pi**2)*(r**2)*k*Tsys*bw)\n",
+      "s_n = 10*log10(s_n)     #Signal to Noise ratio (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "trans_pow_db = 10*log10(trans_pow)  #Transponder power (dB)\n",
+      "erp = ant_gain + trans_pow_db       #Effective radiated power (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "s_n_downlink = erp + earth_ant + s_n    #Signal to Noise ratio downlink(dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The earth station S/N ratio is\", round(s_n_downlink,1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The earth station S/N ratio is 13.2 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-4.1, Page number: 634<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import exp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "tf = 0.693      #Absorption co-efficient (unitless)\n",
+      "Te = 305        #Earth temperature (K)\n",
+      "Ta = 300        #Satellite antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Tf = (Ta - Te*exp(-tf))/(1-exp(-tf))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The forest temperature is\", round(Tf), \"K\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The forest temperature is 295.0 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 17-5.1, Page number: 639<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 10e9        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "wind_speed = 350    #Wind speed (km/h)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "vr = 1e3          #Differential velocity (m/h)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f   #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "freq_shift = 2*(wind_speed*1000/3600)/wave_lt   \n",
+      "                    #Doppler Frequency shift (Hz)\n",
+      "T = 1/(2*freq_shift)    #Pulse repetition interval (s)\n",
+      "prf = 1/T           #Pulse repetition frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fmin = 2*(vr/3600)/wave_lt  #Frequency resolution (Hz)\n",
+      "N = 1/(round(fmin,1)*T)      #Number of pulses \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The minimum pulse repetition frequency is\", round(prf,-3), \"Hz\"\n",
+      "print \"The number of pulses to be sampled is\", round(N)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum pulse repetition frequency is 13000.0 Hz\n",
+        "The number of pulses to be sampled is 699.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter19.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter19.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7875d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter19.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 19: The Fourier Transform Relation between Aperture Distribution and Far-field Pattern<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 19-8.1, Page number: 690<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sin, pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "gal_ext = 400000        #Extent of galaxy (light-years)\n",
+      "alpha = 0.032           #Extent of galaxy (degrees)\n",
+      "f = 5e9                 #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "a = 36e3                #Maximum VLA Spacing (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8                 #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "wid = 0.03             #Width of image (degrees)\n",
+      "hei = 0.008              #Height of image (degrees)\n",
+      "flux_den = 2.5e-23      #Average flux density (W/m^2)\n",
+      "bw = 1e9                #Bandwidth (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dist = gal_ext/sin(alpha*pi/180)    #Distance to the galaxy (light-years)\n",
+      "dist_m = dist*(365*24*3600*c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "a_lambda = a/wave_lt    #Spacing in wavelength  (unitless)\n",
+      "pix_size = 51/a_lambda  #Resolution or Pixel size (degrees)\n",
+      "pix_size_arc = pix_size*3600    #Pixel size (arc seconds)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "area = wid*hei      #Area of image (square degrees)\n",
+      "area_arc = area*(3600**2)    #Area of image (arc seconds)\n",
+      "num_pix = area_arc/pix_size_arc**2  #Number of pixels\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rad_pow = flux_den*4*pi*(dist_m**2)*bw\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance to the galaxy is\", round(dist,-8), \"light years\"\n",
+      "print \"The resolution or pixel size is\", round(pix_size_arc,2), \"arc seconds\"\n",
+      "print \"The number of pixels is\", round(num_pix)\n",
+      "print \"The radio power of the galaxy is %.1e W\" % rad_pow"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance to the galaxy is 700000000.0 light years\n",
+        "The resolution or pixel size is 0.31 arc seconds\n",
+        "The number of pixels is 33218.0\n",
+        "The radio power of the galaxy is 1.4e+37 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 19-8.2, Page number:691<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 10e9    #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "dia = 100   #Dish diameter (m)\n",
+      "aper_eff = 0.725    #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "hpbw = 66/(dia/wave_lt) #Half power beam width (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "gain = 41000/(hpbw**2)  #Gain from beamwidth (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_db = 10*log10(gain)    #Gain from beamwidth (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "gain_ap = 4*(pi**2)*(dia/2)**2*(aper_eff)/(wave_lt**2)  \n",
+      "                #Gain from effective aperture(unitless)\n",
+      "gain_ap_db = 10*log10(gain_ap)  #Gain from effective aperture (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "side_lobe = -23     #First side lobe level from table (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Half Power Beamwidth is\", round(hpbw,3), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The gain from beamwidth is\", round(gain_db), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The gain from effective aperture is\", round(gain_ap_db), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The first side-lobe level is\", side_lobe,\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Half Power Beamwidth is 0.02 degrees\n",
+        "The gain from beamwidth is 80.0 dBi\n",
+        "The gain from effective aperture is 79.0 dBi\n",
+        "The first side-lobe level is -23 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter2.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84f28496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 2: Antenna Basics<h2>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-3.1, Page number: 14<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "e_half_power = 1/math.sqrt(2)    #E(theta) at half power (relative quantity)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "theta = math.acos(math.sqrt(e_half_power)) # theta (radians)\n",
+      "hpbw = 2*theta*180/math.pi     # Half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The half power beamwidth is \", round(hpbw), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The half power beamwidth is  66.0 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-3.2, Page number: 14<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "e_half_power = 1/math.sqrt(2)   #E(theta) at half power(unitless)\n",
+      "e_null = 0      #E(theta) = 0 at null points (unitless)\n",
+      "theta_1 = 0     #theta' (degrees)\n",
+      "theta = 1       #theta (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "for x in range(3):      #Iterate till theta = i\n",
+      "    theta = 0.5*math.acos(e_half_power/math.cos(theta_1*math.pi/180))  \n",
+      "                        #theta(radian)\n",
+      "    theta_1 = theta*180/math.pi       #set i = theta for next iteration (degrees)\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "hpbw = 2*(theta*180/math.pi)    #Half-power beamwidth (Degrees)\n",
+      "theta = 0.5*math.acos(e_null)   #theta (radians)\n",
+      "fnbw = 2*(theta*180/math.pi)    #Beamwidth between first null (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The half power beamwidth is\", round(hpbw), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The beamwidth between first nulls is \", round(fnbw), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The half power beamwidth is 41.0 degrees\n",
+        "The beamwidth between first nulls is  90.0 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-4.1, Page number: 17<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(x):\n",
+      "    return math.sin(x)      #Function sin(theta)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def integrand2(x):\n",
+      "    return 1                #Contant function\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "omega = scipy.integrate.quad(integrand, 20*math.pi/180, 40*math.pi/180) \n",
+      "omega = omega[0]*(180/math.pi) * scipy.integrate.quad(integrand2 ,30 ,70)[0]\n",
+      "#Integration between the ranges gives solid angle, omega (square degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The solid angle, omega is\", round(omega), \"square degrees\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The solid angle, omega is 398.0 square degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-4.2, Page number: 17<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def func1(x,y):\n",
+      "    return (math.cos(x)**4)*math.sin(x)*1 #Function for integration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "beam_area = scipy.integrate.dblquad(func1, 0, 2*math.pi, \n",
+      "                                    lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi/2)\n",
+      "#Beam area (steradians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The beam area of the given pattern is\", round(beam_area[0], 2), \"sr\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The beam area of the given pattern is 1.26 sr\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-7.1, Page number: 21<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "from math import pi,sin,cos,log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n = 10     #Number of isotropic point sources\n",
+      "dr = pi/2    #Distance(radians)\n",
+      "hpbw = 40    #Half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "def integrand(x,phi):\n",
+      "    E_norm  = (sin(pi/20))*(sin((pi/2)*(5*cos(phi)-6))/sin((pi/20)*(5*cos(phi)-6)))\n",
+      "    return (E_norm**2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "gain = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*pi,\n",
+      "                                        lambda x: 0, lambda x: pi/2)[0]\n",
+      "gain = (4*pi)/gain    #Gain (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_db = 10*log10(gain)#Gain (dB)\n",
+      "gain_hpbw = 40000/(hpbw**2)    #Gain from approx. equation (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_hpbw_db = 10*log10(gain_hpbw)    #Gain from approx. equation (dB)\n",
+      "gain_diff = gain_hpbw_db - gain_db    #Difference in gain (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The gain G is\", round(gain_db,2),\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The gain from approx. equation is\", round(gain_hpbw_db),\"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The difference is\", round(gain_diff,2),\"dB\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The solution is incorrect due to the incorrect integration of the normalized power pattern\n",
+      "#As a result, the difference in gain is slightly higher"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The gain G is 10.01 dB\n",
+        "The gain from approx. equation is 14.0 dB\n",
+        "The difference is 3.97 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-7.2, Page number: 21<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "theta_hp = 90\n",
+      "phi_hp = 90\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return ((math.sin(theta)**3)*(math.sin(phi)**2))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "direct_exact = 4*math.pi/scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, math.pi,\n",
+      "                                        lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi)[0]\n",
+      "                                        #Exact Directivity(No unit) \n",
+      "direct_apprx = 41253.0/(theta_hp*phi_hp)    #Approximate directivity (No unit)\n",
+      "db_diff = 10*math.log10(direct_exact/direct_apprx) #Difference (decibels)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The exact directivity is\", round(direct_exact, 1)\n",
+      "print \"The approximate directivity is\", round(direct_apprx,1)\n",
+      "print \"The decibel difference is \", round(db_diff, 1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The exact directivity is 6.0\n",
+        "The approximate directivity is 5.1\n",
+        "The decibel difference is  0.7 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-10.1, Page number: 28<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Z = 120*math.pi                 #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "max_aper = Z/(320*math.pi**2)   #Max. effective aperture (lambda^2)\n",
+      "direct = 4*math.pi*max_aper     #directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The maximum effective aperture is\", round(max_aper, 3), \"lambda^2\"\n",
+      "print \"The direcitivity is\", direct"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum effective aperture is 0.119 lambda^2\n",
+        "The direcitivity is 1.5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-10.2, Page number: 29<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "R_r = 73                            #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "eff_aper = 30/(R_r*math.pi)         #Effective aperture (lambda^2)\n",
+      "directivity = 4*math.pi*eff_aper    #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The effective aperture is\", round(eff_aper, 2), \"lambda^2\"\n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(directivity,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The effective aperture is 0.13 lambda^2\n",
+        "The directivity is 1.64\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-11.1, Page number: 31<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "P_t = 15        #Transmitter power (W)\n",
+      "A_et = 2.5      #Effective aperture of transmitter (meter^2)\n",
+      "A_er = 0.5      #Effective aperture of receiver (meter^2)\n",
+      "r = 15e3        #Distance between the antennas (Line of sight) (m)\n",
+      "freq  = 5e9     #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wave_len = c/freq                               #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "P_r = (P_t*A_et*A_er)/((r**2)*(wave_len**2))    #received power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The power delivered to the receiver is\", round(P_r,6), \"watts\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The power delivered to the receiver is 2.3e-05 watts\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-16.1, Page number: 40<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "E1 = 3      #Magnitude of electric field in x direction (V/m)\n",
+      "E2 = 6      #Magnitude of electric field in y direction (V/m)\n",
+      "Z = 377     #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "avg_power = 0.5*(E1**2 + E2**2)/Z       #average power per unit area (W/m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The average power per unit area is\", avg_power, \"watts/meter^2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average power per unit area is 0.0596816976127 watts/meter^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2-17.1, Page number: 43<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "AR_w = 4          #Axial Ratio for left elliptically polarized wave (unitless)\n",
+      "tau_w = 15        #Tilt angle for left elliptically polarized wave (degrees)\n",
+      "AR_a = -2         #Axial Ratio for right elliptically polarized wave (unitless)  \n",
+      "tau_a = 45        #Tilt angle for right elliptically polarized wave (degrees)\n",
+      "tau_w2 = 20.7     #2*Tilt angle for left elliptically polarized wave (degrees)    \n",
+      "tau_a2 = 39.3     #2*Tilt angle for right elliptically polarized wave (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "eps_a2 = 2*math.atan2(1,AR_a)*180/math.pi  #polarisation latitude (degrees)\n",
+      "eps_w2 = 2*math.atan2(1,AR_w)*180/math.pi   #antenna latitude (degrees)\n",
+      "gamma_w2 =math.acos(math.cos(eps_w2*math.pi/180)*math.cos(tau_w2*math.pi/180));\n",
+      "            #great-circle angle - antenna (radians)\n",
+      "gamma_a2 =math.acos(math.cos(eps_a2*math.pi/180)*math.cos(tau_a2*math.pi/180));\n",
+      "            #great-circle angle - wave (radians)\n",
+      "M_Ma = (gamma_w2*180/math.pi) + (gamma_a2*180/math.pi)  \n",
+      "            #total great-circle angle (degrees)\n",
+      "F = math.cos((M_Ma/2)*math.pi/180)**2    \n",
+      "            #Polarisation matching factor (relative quantity)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The polarization matching factor is\", round(F,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The polarization matching factor is 0.44\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter21.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter21.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..270e96e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter21.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 21: Antenna Measurements<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.1, Page number: 720<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 900e6       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "length = 25e-3  #Length of antenna (m)\n",
+      "len_cell = 110e-3   #Length of handset chassis (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "del_L = 0.5     #Peak to Peak measurement uncertainty (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Dm = length + len_cell  #Maximum Dimension of antenna (m)\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f           #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_rnf = (wave_lt/(2*pi))    #Outer boundary of reactive near field (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(Dm**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r2_ff = r_rnf/(10**(del_L/40)-1)    \n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of near field is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r3_ff = 2*Dm/(10**(del_L/10)-1)\n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance\", round(r_rnf,3),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", round(r_ff,3),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is\",\\\n",
+      "                                 round(r2_ff,1),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough \\\n",
+      "is\", round(r3_ff,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance 0.053 m\n",
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 0.109 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is 1.8 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough is 2.2 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.2, Page number: 720<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "horn_len = 350e-3   #Length of horn (m)\n",
+      "ap_wid = 200e-3     #Aperture width (m)\n",
+      "ap_hei = 150e-3     #Aperture height (m)\n",
+      "del_L = 0.2         #Peak to peak uncertainty (dB)\n",
+      "f = 10e9            #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8             #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_rnf = wave_lt/(2*pi)  ##Outer boundary of reactive near field (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(ap_wid**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r2_ff = r_rnf/(10**(del_L/40)-1)    \n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of near field is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r3_ff = 2*horn_len/(10**(del_L/10)-1)\n",
+      "            #Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance\", round(r_rnf,4),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", round(r_ff,1),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is\",\\\n",
+      "                                 round(r2_ff,2),\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough \\\n",
+      "is\", round(r3_ff,1),\"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Outer boundary of reactive near field is at a distance 0.0048 m\n",
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 2.7 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of near field is small enough is 0.41 m\n",
+        "The Minimum distance where effect of rotation of AUT is small enough is 14.9 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-2.3, Page number: 721<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D = 0.5     #Antenna diameter (m)\n",
+      "f = 300e9   #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f   #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "r_ff = 2*(D**2)/wave_lt    #Fraunhofer region (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance\", r_ff,\"m\"\n",
+      "print \"At 300 GHz the attenuation of the atmosphere is around 10dB/km making\\\n",
+      " the measurement difficult in full-size ranges\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Fraunhofer region starts at a distance 500.0 m\n",
+        "At 300 GHz the attenuation of the atmosphere is around 10dB/km making the measurement difficult in full-size ranges\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-4.1, Page number: 726<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "D = 1       #Diameter of antenna (m)\n",
+      "f = 10e9    #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "hpbw = 70*wave_lt/D #Half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "mea_dist = 2*(D**2)/wave_lt #Measurement distance (m)\n",
+      "trav_dist = hpbw*pi*mea_dist/180    #Traverse distance (m)\n",
+      "taper = ((0.5/(trav_dist/2))**2)*(-3) #Amplitude taper (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The amplitude taper is\", round(taper,1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The amplitude taper is -0.5 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-4.2, Page number: 735<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "pat_lev1 = -22.3    #Pattern level maximum (dB)\n",
+      "pat_lev2 = -23.7    #Pattern level minimum (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "S = abs(pat_lev2-pat_lev1)  #Amplitude ripple (dB)\n",
+      "a = (pat_lev1+pat_lev2)/2   #Pattern level (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R = a + 20*log10((10**(S/20) - 1)/(10**(S/20) + 1))\n",
+      "                    #Reflectivity (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The reflectivity is\", round(R),\"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reflectivity is -45.0 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-5.1, Page number: 739<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sin, cos, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "En = 1      #Field illuminating the AUT (unitless)\n",
+      "tilt_diff = 88   #Difference in tilt angles (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "En_pol = En*sin(tilt_diff*pi/180)   #Co-polar component of field (unitless)\n",
+      "En_crosspol = En*cos(tilt_diff*pi/180)\n",
+      "                    #Cross-polar component of field (unitless)\n",
+      "meas_cross = 20*log10(En_crosspol)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The measure cross-polar level is\", round(meas_cross), \"dB\\\n",
+      " relative to the co-polar field\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The measure cross-polar level is -29.0 dB relative to the co-polar field\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 21-5.2, Page number: 743<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 1.4e9       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "Tant = 687      #Increase in antenna temperature (K)\n",
+      "phy_ap = 2210   #Physical aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "S = 1590        #Flux density of Cygnus A (Jy)\n",
+      "k = 1.38e-23    #Boltzmann's constant (J/k)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "gain = (8*pi*k*Tant)/(S*(10**-26)*wave_lt**2)   #Gain(unitless)\n",
+      "gain_db = 10*log10(gain)       #Gain (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ae = gain*wave_lt**2/(4*pi)     #Effective area (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "eff_ap = Ae/phy_ap          #Aperture efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The gain of the antenna is\", round(gain_db), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The aperture efficiency is\", round(eff_ap,2),\"or\",round(eff_ap*100),\"percent\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The gain of the antenna is 55.0 dBi\n",
+        "The aperture efficiency is 0.54 or 54.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter23.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter23.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48d55109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter23.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 23: Ground Wave Propagation<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-1.1, Page number: 783<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f1 = 0.1      #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "f2 = 1.0        #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "f3 = 10.0       #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "d1 = 50/(f1**(1.0/3)) #Distance for f1 (miles)\n",
+      "d2 = 50/(f2**(1.0/3)) #Distance for f2 (miles)\n",
+      "d3 = 50/(f3**(1.0/3)) #Distance for f3 (miles)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance for 100kHz is\", round(d1,2), \"miles\"\n",
+      "print \"The distance for 1MHz is\", d2, \"miles\"\n",
+      "print \"The distance for 10MHz is\", round(d3,2), \"miles\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance for 100kHz is 107.72 miles\n",
+        "The distance for 1MHz is 50.0 miles\n",
+        "The distance for 10MHz is 23.21 miles\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-2.1, Page number: 786<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi,sin\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 3e6     #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "sigma = 0.5     #Standard deviation of surface irregularities (unitless)\n",
+      "theta = 30      #Angle of incidence as measured from normal angle (degrees)\n",
+      "c = 3e8     #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f   #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "R = 4*pi*sigma*sin(theta*pi/180)/wave_lt\n",
+      "                #Roughness factor (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The roughness factor is\", round(R,9)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The roughness factor is 0.031415927\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-2.2, Page number: 786<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi,sin\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 10e6        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "sigma = 5       #Standard deviation of surface irregularities (unitless)\n",
+      "theta1 = 30      #Angle of incidence as measured from normal angle (degrees)\n",
+      "theta2 = 45      #Angle of incidence as measured from normal angle (degrees)\n",
+      "theta3 = 60      #Angle of incidence as measured from normal angle (degrees)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "R1 = 4*pi*sigma*sin(theta1*pi/180)/wave_lt  \n",
+      "            #Roughness factor for theta1 (unitless)\n",
+      "R2 = 4*pi*sigma*sin(theta2*pi/180)/wave_lt\n",
+      "            #Roughness factor for theta2 (unitless)\n",
+      "R3 = 4*pi*sigma*sin(theta3*pi/180)/wave_lt\n",
+      "            #Roughness factor for theta3 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The roughness factor for 30 degrees is\", round(R1,4)\n",
+      "print \"The roughness factor for 45 degrees is\", round(R2,3)\n",
+      "print \"The roughness factor for 60 degrees is\", round(R3,4)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The roughness factor for 30 degrees is 1.0472\n",
+        "The roughness factor for 45 degrees is 1.481\n",
+        "The roughness factor for 60 degrees is 1.8138\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-2.3, Page number: 787<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f1 = 0.3      #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "f2 = 1      #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "f3 = 3      #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "sigma = 4e-5    #Standard deviation of surface irregularities (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "x1 = (18e3)*sigma/f1    #Parameter x for f1 (unitless)\n",
+      "x2 = (18e3)*sigma/f2    #Parameter x for f2 (unitless)\n",
+      "x3 = (18e3)*sigma/f3    #Parameter x for f3 (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The parameter x for 0.3MHz is\", x1\n",
+      "print \"The parameter x for 1MHz is\", x2\n",
+      "print \"The parameter x for 3MHz is\", x3"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The parameter x for 0.3MHz is 2.4\n",
+        "The parameter x for 1MHz is 0.72\n",
+        "The parameter x for 3MHz is 0.24\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-5.1, Page number: 790<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f1 = 5e3        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "f2 = 50e3        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "f3 = 500e3        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "sigma = 5e-5    #Standard deviation of surface irregularities (unitless)\n",
+      "eps_r = 15.0      #Relative permittivity (unitless)\n",
+      "mu = pi*4e-7    #Absolute Permeability (H/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w1 = 2*pi*f1    #Angular frequency (rad/s)\n",
+      "w2 = 2*pi*f2    #Angular frequency (rad/s)\n",
+      "w3 = 2*pi*f3    #Angular frequency (rad/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Zs1 = sqrt((w1*mu)/sqrt(sigma**2 + (w1**2)*eps_r))\n",
+      "                #Surface impedence for f1 (ohm)\n",
+      "Zs2 = sqrt((w2*mu)/sqrt(sigma**2 + (w2**2)*eps_r))\n",
+      "                #Surface impedence for f2 (ohm)\n",
+      "Zs3 = sqrt((w3*mu)/sqrt(sigma**2 + (w3**2)*eps_r))\n",
+      "                #Surface impedence for f3 (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The surface impedence for 5kHz is\", round(Zs1,5), \"ohms\"\n",
+      "print \"The surface impedence for 50kHz is\", round(Zs2,5), \"ohms\"\n",
+      "print \"The surface impedence for 500kHz is\", round(Zs3,5), \"ohms\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#There has been a numerical mistake in the calculation/substitution of square root of\n",
+      "#(sigma**2 + (w1**2)*eps_r) and in the second case, the mistake in the calculation of\n",
+      "#(w2*mu)/sqrt(sigma**2 + (w2**2)*eps_r)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The surface impedence for 5kHz is 0.00057 ohms\n",
+        "The surface impedence for 50kHz is 0.00057 ohms\n",
+        "The surface impedence for 500kHz is 0.00057 ohms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 23-7.1, Page number: 793<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, atan, cos\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 2.0       #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "sigma = 5e-5    #Standard deviation of surface irregularities (unitless)\n",
+      "eps_r = 15.0      #Relative permittivity (unitless)\n",
+      "d = 20e3        #Distance (m)\n",
+      "eff = 0.5       #Antenna efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "E1 = 0.5e-3     #Ground wave electric field strength (V/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/(f*10**6)       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "x = (18e3)*sigma/f  #Parameter x (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "b = atan((eps_r + 1)/x)     #Phase constant (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p = (pi/x)*(d/wave_lt)*cos(b)    #Numerical distance (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "A = (2 + 0.3*p)/(2 + p + 0.6*(p**2))    #Reduction factor (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_t = E1 * d/A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Electric field strength at the transmitted end is\", round(E_t,2),\"V/m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Electric field strength at the transmitted end is 445.72 V/m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter24.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter24.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a97a053a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter24.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 24: Space Wave Propagation<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-9.1, Page number: 808<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "tx_h = 49.0       #Transmitting antenna height (m)\n",
+      "rx_h = 25.0       #Receiving antenna height (m)\n",
+      "f = 100e6       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "tx_p = 100.0      #Transmitted power (W)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "a = 6370        #Earth's radius (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f   #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "d0 = sqrt(2*(4.0/3.0)*(a/1000.0))*(sqrt(tx_h)+sqrt(rx_h))\n",
+      "                #Line of Sight (LOS) distance (km)\n",
+      "d = d0*1000     #LOS (m)\n",
+      "Er = (88*sqrt(tx_p)/(wave_lt*(d**2)))*tx_h*rx_h\n",
+      "                #Received signal strength (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Line of Sight distance is\", round(d0,2), \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The received signal strength is\", round(Er,6), \"W\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The mistake is in the calculation of (88*sqrt(tx_p)/(wave_lt*(d**2))) where four orders of\n",
+      "#magnitude are ignored in the resulting calculation."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Line of Sight distance is 49.46 km\n",
+        "The received signal strength is 0.000147 W\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 1,
+       "text": [
+        "'The mistake is in the calculation of (88*sqrt(tx_p)/(wave_lt*(d**2))) where four orders of\\nmagnitude are ignored in the resulting calculation.'"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-9.2, Page number: 809<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "tx_h = 144      #Transmitting antenna height (m)\n",
+      "rx_h = 25       #Receiving antenna height (m)\n",
+      "k = 4.0/3.0         #Equivalent earth radius/Actual earth radius (unitless)\n",
+      "a = 6370        #Radius of earth (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "los = 4.12*(sqrt(tx_h) + sqrt(rx_h))    #Line of sight distance (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "horz = sqrt(2*k*a*(tx_h/1000.0))  #Surface range to radio horizon from radar (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Radio horizon distance from radar is\", round(horz,2),\"km\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Radio horizon distance from radar is 49.46 km\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-9.3, Page number: 809<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "tx_h = 100      #Transmitting antenna height (m)\n",
+      "rx_h = 16       #Receiving antenna height (m)\n",
+      "tx_p = 40e3     #Transmitting antenna power radiation (W)\n",
+      "f = 100e6       #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "d = 10e3        #Distance (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "E = 1e-3        #Signal strength (V/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "los = 4.12*(sqrt(tx_h) + sqrt(rx_h))    #LOS distance (km)\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Es = (88*sqrt(tx_p)/(wave_lt*(d**2)))*tx_h*rx_h\n",
+      "                    #Field strength at distance d (V/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dsig = sqrt(88*sqrt(tx_p)*tx_h*rx_h/(wave_lt*E))\n",
+      "                    #Distance at which field strength reduces to 1mV/m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The LOS distance is\", los, \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The field strength at 10km is\", round(Es,5),\"V/m\"\n",
+      "print \"The distance at which field strength is 1mV/m is\", round(dsig,-1), \"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The LOS distance is 57.68 km\n",
+        "The field strength at 10km is 0.09387 V/m\n",
+        "The distance at which field strength is 1mV/m is 96880.0 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-9.4, Page number: 809<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "gain = 10       #Antenna gain (dB)\n",
+      "Wt = 500         #Power radiation (W)\n",
+      "d = 15e3        #Distance (m)\n",
+      "Wr = 2e-6       #Received power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ae = Wr*(4*pi*(d**2))/(Wt*gain)  #Effective area (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The effective area of the receiving antenna is\", round(Ae,2), \"m^2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The effective area of the receiving antenna is 1.13 m^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-9.5, Page number: 809<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h = 1000        #Height of duct (m)\n",
+      "delM = 0.036    #Change in refractive modulus (unitless)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wl_max = 2.5*h*sqrt(delM*1e-6)  #Maximum wavelength (m)\n",
+      "fmax = c/wl_max     #Maximum frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The maximum frequency that can be transmitted is\", round(fmax/1e6,1),\"MHz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum frequency that can be transmitted is 632.5 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-12.1, Page number: 812<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "gain = 10       #Gain of transmitting antenna (dB)\n",
+      "P = 100         #Radiating power (W)\n",
+      "f = 1e6        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "rx_gain = 15    #Gain of receiving antenna (dB)\n",
+      "d = 20e3        #Distance (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "v = 1000        #scattering volume (m^3)\n",
+      "sigma = 0.1     #Effective scattering cross-section (m^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wl = c/f        #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "Pr_a = P*gain*rx_gain*(wl**2)/(4*pi*(4*pi*(d**2)))\n",
+      "                #Received power in case (a) (W)\n",
+      "F = (2*sqrt(sigma*v))/(d*sqrt(pi))    #Attenuation Factor (unitless)\n",
+      "Pr_b = Pr_a*F   #Received power in case (b) (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The received power in case (a) is\", round(Pr_a,5), \"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The received power in case (b) is\", round(Pr_b,10), \"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The received power in case (a) is 0.02137 W\n",
+        "The received power in case (b) is 1.20581e-05 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 24-14.1, Page number: 813<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "d = 3000      #Distance (km)\n",
+      "f = 3e3         #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "path_l = 32.45 + 20*log10(f) + 20*log10(d)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The path loss between the two points is\", round(path_l,3), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The path loss between the two points is 171.535 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter25.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter25.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b013f142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter25.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 25: Sky Wave Propagation<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 25-5.1, Page number: 823<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "muf = 10e6    #Maximum usable frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "h = 300    #Height of reflection (km)\n",
+      "n = 0.9      #Maximum value of refractive index (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Nmax = (1 - n**2)*(muf**2)/81    #Max. Number of electrons per cubic cm\n",
+      "fc = 9*sqrt(Nmax)    #Critical frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "dskip = 2*h*sqrt((muf/fc)**2 - 1)   #Skip distance (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The skip distance is\", round(dskip,1), \"km\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Numerical error in the calculation of sqrt((muf/fc)**2 - 1) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2.34567901235e+11 4358898.94354\n",
+        "The skip distance is 1238.8 km\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 25-5.2, Page number: 823<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "fE = 3e6        #Critical frequency for E layer (Hz)\n",
+      "fF1 = 5e6       #Critical frequency for F1 layer (Hz)\n",
+      "fF2 = 9e6       #Critical frequency for F2 layer (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "N_E = (fE**2)/81    #Concentration of electrons in E layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "N_F1 = (fF1**2)/81 #Concentration of electrons in F1 layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "N_F2 = (fF2**2)/81 #Concentration of electrons in F2 layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The concentration of electrons in E layer is\", round(N_E,-8), \"per cubic cm\"\n",
+      "print \"The concentration of electrons in F1 layer is\", round(N_F1,-8), \"per cubic cm\"\n",
+      "print \"The concentration of electrons in F2 layer is\", N_F2, \"per cubic cm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The concentration of electrons in E layer is 1.111e+11 per cubic cm\n",
+        "The concentration of electrons in F1 layer is 3.086e+11 per cubic cm\n",
+        "The concentration of electrons in F2 layer is 1e+12 per cubic cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 25-5.3, Page number: 823<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "N_E = 0.8*0.111e12  #Concentration of electrons in E layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "N_F1 = 0.8*0.3086e12 #Concentration of electrons in E layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "N_F2 = 0.8*1e12     #Concentration of electrons in E layer (per cubic cm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "fE = 9*sqrt(N_E)    #Critical frequency in E layer (Hz)\n",
+      "fF1 = 9*sqrt(N_F1)  #Cricital frequency in F1 layer (Hz)\n",
+      "fF2 = 9*sqrt(N_F2)  #Critical frequency in F2 layer (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Critical frequency in E layer is\", round(fE,-4),\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print \"The Critical frequency in F1 layer is\", round(fF1,-4),\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print \"The Critical frequency in F2 layer is\", round(fF2,-3),\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Critical frequency in E layer is 2680000.0 Hz\n",
+        "The Critical frequency in F1 layer is 4470000.0 Hz\n",
+        "The Critical frequency in F2 layer is 8050000.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 25-6.1, Page number: 829<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import cos, sqrt, pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "hD = 70     #Height of D layer (km)\n",
+      "hE = 130     #Height of E layer (km)\n",
+      "hF1 = 230     #Height of F1 layer (km)\n",
+      "hF2 = 350     #Height of F2 layer (km)\n",
+      "theta = 10*pi/180      #Angle of incidence (radians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "temp = sqrt((cos(theta))**-2 - 1)\n",
+      "d1 = 2*hD*temp  #Maximum single hop distance for D layer (km)\n",
+      "d2 = 2*hE*temp  #Maximum single hop distance for E layer (km)\n",
+      "d3 = 2*hF1*temp #Maximum single hop distance for F1 layer (km)\n",
+      "d4 = 2*hF2*temp #Maximum single hop distance for F2 layer (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Maximum single hop distance for D layer is\", round(d1,1), \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The Maximum single hop distance for E layer is\", round(d2,2), \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The Maximum single hop distance for F1 layer is\", round(d3,2), \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The Maximum single hop distance for F2 layer is\", round(d4,1), \"km\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Maximum single hop distance for D layer is 24.7 km\n",
+        "The Maximum single hop distance for E layer is 45.85 km\n",
+        "The Maximum single hop distance for F1 layer is 81.11 km\n",
+        "The Maximum single hop distance for F2 layer is 123.4 km\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 25-9.1, Page number: 832<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sqrt, cos\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "d = 200     #Height of layer (km)\n",
+      "beta = 20    #Takeoff angle (degrees)\n",
+      "R = 6370    #Earth's radius (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi_0 = 90 - beta   #Take off angle for flat earth (degrees)\n",
+      "h = (d/2)/(sqrt((cos(phi_0*pi/180)**-2) - 1))    #Skip distance for case (a) (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi_02 = 90 - beta - 57.2*d/(2*R)\n",
+      "                    #Take off angle for spherical earth (degrees)\n",
+      "h2 = (d/2)/(sqrt((cos(phi_02*pi/180)**-2) - 1))\n",
+      "                    #Skip distance for case (b) (km)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The skip distance for case (a) is\", round(h,3), \"km\"\n",
+      "print \"The skip distance for case (b) is\", round(h2,2), \"km\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The skip distance for case (a) is 36.397 km\n",
+        "The skip distance for case (b) is 38.18 km\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter3.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6656b2c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 3: The Antenna Family<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 3-3.2, Page number: 58<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Z_0 = 377   #Intrinsic impedence of free space(ohm)\n",
+      "Z_d = 710 +0j   #Terminal impedence of dipole cylinder (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Z_s = (Z_0**2)/(4*Z_d)  #Terminal impedence of the slot (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The terminal impedence of the slot is\", round(Z_s.real), \"ohms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The terminal impedence of the slot is 50.0 ohms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 3-6.1, Page number: 61<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "L = 10              #Horn length (lambda)\n",
+      "delta = 0.25        #Path length difference (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "theta = 2*math.acos(L/(L+delta))    #Horn flare angle (radians)\n",
+      "theta = theta*180/math.pi           #Horn flare angle (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The largest flare angle for given delta is\",round(theta,1), \"degrees\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The largest flare angle for given delta is 25.4 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 3-7.1, Page number: 62<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "f = 599e6     #Frequency of TV Station (Hz)\n",
+      "E = 1e-6      #Field strength (V/m)\n",
+      "D = 20        #Diameter of antenna (m)\n",
+      "c = 3e8       #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "Z_0 = 377     #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f                       #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "A_e = (D*(wave_lt**2))/(4*math.pi)  #Effective aperture (m^2)\n",
+      "P_r = (E**2)*A_e/Z_0                #Received power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The received power is\", round(P_r,17), \"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The received power is 1.06e-15 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 3-11.1, Page number: 66<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n = 4               #Number of patch antennas (lambda)\n",
+      "diameter = 0.5      #diameter of patch antennas (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "A_e = n*diameter            #Effective aperture (lambda^2)\n",
+      "D = (4*math.pi*A_e)         #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "D_dbi = 10*math.log10(D)    #Directivity (dBi)\n",
+      "ohm_a = (4*math.pi)/D       #Beam area (steradians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(D), \"or\", round(D_dbi), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The beam area is\", ohm_a, \"sr\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is 25.0 or 14.0 dBi\n",
+        "The beam area is 0.5 sr\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter4.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1fba10d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 4: Radiation<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-4.1, Page number: 75<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "theta = 30              #Angle of radiation (degrees)\n",
+      "epsilon_0 = 8.854e-12   #Permittivity of free space (F/m)\n",
+      "I_dl = 10               #Current in length dl (A-m)\n",
+      "r = 100e3               #Distance of point from origin (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "E_mag = (I_dl*math.sin(theta*math.pi/180))/(4*math.pi*epsilon_0)\n",
+      "                        #Magnitude of Electric field vector (V/m)\n",
+      "H_mag = (I_dl*math.sin(theta*math.pi/180))/(4)\n",
+      "                        #Magnitude of Magnetic field vector (T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnitude of E vector is \", round(E_mag,-9), \"V/m\"\n",
+      "print \"The magnitude of H vector is\", round(H_mag, 3), \"/pi T\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The magnitude of E vector is  45000000000.0 V/m\n",
+        "The magnitude of H vector is 1.25 /pi T\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-4.2, Page number: 76<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "v = 3e8         #Speed of light(m/s)\n",
+      "f = 10e6        #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "w = 2*math.pi*f     #Angular frequency(rad/s)\n",
+      "r = v/w             #Distance (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance for the specified condition is\", round(r, 2), \"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance for the specified condition is 4.77 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-4.3, Page number: 76<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "c = 3e8             #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "f = 3e9             #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "v = 0.6*c           #60% of velocity of light (m/s)\n",
+      "w = 2*math.pi*f     #Angular frequency (rad/s)\n",
+      "r = v/w             #Distance (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The distance for the specified condition is\", round(r,6), \"m\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The distance for the specified condition is 0.009549 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-5.1, Page number: 80<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "dl = 1e-2       #Length of radiating element (m)\n",
+      "I_eff = 0.5     #Effective current (A)\n",
+      "f = 3e9         #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8         #Velocity of light (m/s)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "w = 2*math.pi*f     #Angular Frequency (rad/s)\n",
+      "P = 20*(w**2)*(I_eff**2)*(dl**2)/(c**2)     #Radiated power (W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radiated power is\", round(P, 2), \"W\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The final result is incorrect in the book because of the calculation mistake"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radiated power is 1.97 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-5.2, Page number: 80<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "L = 5         #Length of radiating element (m)\n",
+      "f1 = 30e3     #Frequency (Hz)  \n",
+      "f2 = 30e6     #Frequency (Hz)  \n",
+      "f3 = 15e6     #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8       #Velocity of light (m/s)  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wave_lt1 = c/f1                 #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "wave_lt1 /= 10\n",
+      "R_r1 = 800*(L/wave_lt1)**2      #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "wave_lt2 = c/f2                 #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "L = wave_lt2/2                  #Effective length (m)\n",
+      "R_r2 = 200*(L/wave_lt2)**2      #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "wave_lt3 = c/f3                 #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "L = wave_lt3/4                  #Effective length (m)\n",
+      "R_r3 = 400*(L/wave_lt3)**2      #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radiation resistance for f1 is\", R_r1, \"ohms\"\n",
+      "print \"The radiation resistance for f2 is\", round(R_r2), \"ohms\"\n",
+      "print \"The radiation resistance for f3 is\", round(R_r3), \"ohms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radiation resistance for f1 is 0.02 ohms\n",
+        "The radiation resistance for f2 is 50.0 ohms\n",
+        "The radiation resistance for f3 is 25.0 ohms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 4-6.1, Page number: 82<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Im = 5              #Maximum current (A)\n",
+      "r = 1e3             #Distance (km)\n",
+      "eta = 120*math.pi   #Intrinsic impedence (ohm)\n",
+      "theta = 60*math.pi/180          #Angle of radiation (radians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "sin2 = math.sin(theta)**2       #Sine squared theta (unitless)\n",
+      "P_av = (eta*(Im**2))/(8*(math.pi**2)*(r**2))\n",
+      "P_av = P_av*(math.cos(math.pi/2*math.cos(theta))**2)/(sin2)\n",
+      "                        #Average power (W)\n",
+      "                        \n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The average power available at 1km distance is\", round(P_av,9), \"W\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average power available at 1km distance is 7.9577e-05 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter5.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a658e618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 5: Point Source and Their Arrays<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.1, Page number: 90<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return (math.cos(theta)*math.sin(theta))\n",
+      "            #Integrand (unitless)\n",
+      "Um = 1      #Maximum radiation intensity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "P = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*math.pi,\n",
+      "                             lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi/2)\n",
+      "                        #Total power radiated (relative to Um)\n",
+      "D = (4*math.pi)/P[0]    #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The directivity is \", round(D)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is  4.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.2, Page number: 91<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "import scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return (math.cos(theta)*math.sin(theta))\n",
+      "            #Integrand (unitless)\n",
+      "Um = 1      #Maximum radiation intensity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "P = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*math.pi,\n",
+      "                             lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi/2)\n",
+      "                        #Total power radiated (relative to Um)\n",
+      "D = (4*math.pi)/(2*P[0])    #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The directivity is \", round(D)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is  2.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.3, Page number: 91<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math, scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return (math.sin(theta)**2)\n",
+      "                #Integrand (unitless)\n",
+      "Um = 1          #Maximum radiation intensity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "P = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*math.pi,\n",
+      "                             lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi)\n",
+      "                    #Total radiated power (relative to Um)\n",
+      "D = 4*math.pi/P[0]  #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result             \n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(D,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is 1.27\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.4, Page number: 91<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math, scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return (math.sin(theta)**3)\n",
+      "                #Integrand (unitless)\n",
+      "Um = 1          #Maximum radiation intensity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "P = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*math.pi,\n",
+      "                             lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi)\n",
+      "                    #Total radiated power (relative to Um)\n",
+      "D = 4*math.pi/P[0]  #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result                \n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(D,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is 1.5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.5, Page number: 92<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math, scipy.integrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "def integrand(theta, phi):\n",
+      "    return (math.sin(theta)*math.cos(theta)**2)\n",
+      "                #Integrand (unitless)\n",
+      "Um = 1          #Maximum radiation intensity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "P = scipy.integrate.dblquad(integrand, 0, 2*math.pi,\n",
+      "                             lambda x: 0, lambda x: math.pi/2)\n",
+      "                    #Total radiated power (relative to Um)\n",
+      "D = 4*math.pi/P[0]  #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result                \n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(D,2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is 6.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-6.6, Page number:93<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "lobes = [0.25,0.37,0.46,0.12,0.07]  #Normalized power of lobes (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "ohm_a = 0                   #Beam area (sr)\n",
+      "sum_lobes = 0               #Sum of all lobes (unitless)\n",
+      "for i in lobes:\n",
+      "    ohm_a += 2*math.pi*(math.pi/36)*(i)\n",
+      "    sum_lobes += i\n",
+      "\n",
+      "D = 4*math.pi/ohm_a         #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "D_db = 10*math.log10(D)     #Directivity (in dBi)\n",
+      "e_m = lobes[0]/sum_lobes    #Beam efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The directivity is\", round(D), \"or\", round(D_db,1), \"dBi\"\n",
+      "print \"The beam efficiency is\", round(e_m, 2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity is 18.0 or 12.6 dBi\n",
+        "The beam efficiency is 0.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 5-21.1, Page number: 146<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "a = 25              #Height of vertical conducting wall (m)\n",
+      "r = 100             #Distance to the receiver (m)\n",
+      "wave_lt = 10e-2     #Transmitter dimension (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "k = math.sqrt(2/(r*wave_lt))    #contant (unitless)\n",
+      "S_av = (r*wave_lt)/(4*(math.pi**2)*(a**2))  #Relative signal level (unitless)\n",
+      "S_av_db = 10*math.log10(S_av)   #Signal level (in db)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The signal level at the receiver is\", round(S_av,5), \"or\", round(S_av_db), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The signal level at the receiver is 0.00041 or -34.0 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter6.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..040ba097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 6: Electric Dipoles, Thin Linear Antennas \n",
+      "        and Arrays of Dipoles and Apertures<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 6-8.1, Page number: 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "z = 333.0         #Driving point impedence (ohm)\n",
+      "r = 300.0         #twin-line impedence (ohm)\n",
+      "z1 = 73.0         #Self impedence of lambda/2 dipole (ohm)\n",
+      "z2 = 13.0         #Mutual impedence with lambda/2 spacing (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "pv = (z-r)/(z+r)    #Reflection coefficient (unitless)\n",
+      "vswr = (1+pv)/(1-pv)    #Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_l2 =math.sqrt((2*z1)/(z1-z2)) #Field gain over lambda/2 dipole (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_l2_db = 20*math.log10(gain_l2) #Field gain (in dB)\n",
+      "gain_iso = (gain_l2**2)*1.64        #Gain over isotropic source (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso_db = 10*math.log10(gain_iso) #Gain over isotropic source (in dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The VSWR is\", vswr\n",
+      "print \"The field gain over lambda/2 dipole is\", round(gain_l2,2), \"or\", round(gain_l2_db,1), \"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"\"\"The gain over isotropic source is %.1f or %.1f dB\n",
+      "            \"\"\" % (round(gain_iso),gain_iso_db)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The VSWR is 1.11\n",
+        "The field gain over lambda/2 dipole is 1.56 or 3.9 dB\n",
+        "The gain over isotropic source is 4.0 or 6.0 dB\n",
+        "            \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 6-8.2, Page number:175<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "z = 73.0      #Self impedence of lambda/2 dipole (ohm)\n",
+      "zm = 64.4     #Mutual impedence with lambda/8 spacing (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D = math.sqrt((2*z)/(z-zm))*math.sin(math.pi/8) #Field gain over lambda/2 dipole (unitless)\n",
+      "D_db = 20*math.log10(D)     #Field gain over lambda/2 dipole (in dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "gain_iso = (D**2)*1.64      #gain over isotropic source (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso_db = 10*math.log10(gain_iso)   #gain over isotropic source (in dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The field gain over lambda/2 dipole is\", round(D,2), \"or\", round(D_db,2), \"dB\"\n",
+      "print \"The gain over isotropic source is\", round(gain_iso,2), \"or\", round(gain_iso_db,1), \"dB\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The field gain over lambda/2 dipole is 1.58 or 3.96 dB\n",
+        "The gain over isotropic source is 4.08 or 6.1 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 6-12.1, Page number: 196<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "s1 = 0.4            #Spacing 1(lambda)\n",
+      "s2 = 0.5            #Spacing 2(lambda)\n",
+      "s3 = 0.6            #Spacing 3(lambda)\n",
+      "R_21_1 = 6.3        #Mutual resistance for s1 (ohm)\n",
+      "R_21_2 = -12.691    #Murual resistance for s2 (ohm)\n",
+      "R_21_3 = -23.381    #Mutual resistance for s3 (ohm)  \n",
+      "Z = 73.13           #Self impedence of lambda/2 dipole (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "gain_1 = sqrt(2*(Z/(Z+R_21_1)))     #Gain in fieldfor s1 (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso1 = 1.64*(gain_1**2)        #Power gain over isotropic (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso_db1 = 10*log10(gain_iso1)  #Power gain (in dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "gain_2 = sqrt(2*(Z/(Z+R_21_2)))     #Gain in fieldfor s2 (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso2 = 1.64*(gain_2**2)        #Power gain over isotropic (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso_db2 = 10*log10(gain_iso2)  #Power gain (in dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "gain_3 = sqrt(2*(Z/(Z+R_21_3)))     #Gain in fieldfor s3 (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso3 = 1.64*(gain_3**2)        #Power gain over isotropic (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_iso_db3 = 10*log10(gain_iso3)  #Power gain (in dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The gain in field over half wave antenna for s1 is\", round(gain_1,2)\n",
+      "print \"\"\"The power gain over isotropic for s1 is %.2f or %.1f dBi\n",
+      "                \"\"\" % (gain_iso1,gain_iso_db1)\n",
+      "                \n",
+      "print \"The gain in field over half wave antenna for s2 is\", round(gain_2,2)\n",
+      "print \"\"\"The power gain over isotropic for s2 is %.2f or %.2f dBi\n",
+      "                \"\"\" % (gain_iso2,gain_iso_db2)\n",
+      "                \n",
+      "print \"The gain in field over half wave antenna for s3 is\", round(gain_3,2)\n",
+      "print \"\"\"The power gain over isotropic for s3 is %.2f or %.2f dBi\n",
+      "                \"\"\" % (gain_iso3,gain_iso_db3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The gain in field over half wave antenna for s1 is 1.36\n",
+        "The power gain over isotropic for s1 is 3.02 or 4.8 dBi\n",
+        "                \n",
+        "The gain in field over half wave antenna for s2 is 1.56\n",
+        "The power gain over isotropic for s2 is 3.97 or 5.99 dBi\n",
+        "                \n",
+        "The gain in field over half wave antenna for s3 is 1.71\n",
+        "The power gain over isotropic for s3 is 4.82 or 6.83 dBi\n",
+        "                \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter7.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6481c2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 7: Loop, Slot and Horn Antennas<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-8.1, Page number: 256<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt,pi,sin,log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "C_lambda = 0.1*pi       #Circumference (lambda)\n",
+      "R_m = 1.6               #Mutual resistance of two loops (ohm)\n",
+      "theta1 = 90*pi/180             #Angle of radiation (radians)\n",
+      "theta2 = 2*pi/10             #Angle of radiation (radians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Rr = 197*(C_lambda)**4      #Self resistance of loop (ohm)\n",
+      "D1 = (1.5)*(sin(theta1))**2 #Direcivity of loop alone (unitless)\n",
+      "D1_db = 10*log10(D1)        #Directivity of loop alone (dBi)\n",
+      "D2 = 1.5*(2*sqrt(Rr/(Rr-R_m))*sin(theta2))**2\n",
+      "                        #Directivity of loop with ground plane (unitless)\n",
+      "D2_db = 10*log10(D2)    #Direcitivy of loop with ground plane (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The directivity of loop alone is %.2f or %.2f dBi\" % (D1,D1_db)\n",
+      "print \"\"\"The direcitivy of loop with ground plane is %.2f or %.0f dBi\n",
+      "                \"\"\" %(D2,D2_db)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The directivity of loop alone is 1.50 or 1.76 dBi\n",
+        "The direcitivy of loop with ground plane is 12.47 or 11 dBi\n",
+        "                \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-8.2, Page number:257<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt, sin, pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Rr = 197.0        #self resistance of loop (ohm)\n",
+      "Rm = 157.0       #mutual resistance of two loops (ohm)\n",
+      "theta = 2*pi/10 #Angle of radiation (radians)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D = 1.5*(2*sqrt(Rr/(Rr-Rm))*sin(theta))**2  #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "D_db = 10*log10(D)      #Directivity (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The direcitivy is %.1f or %.1f dBi\" % (D,D_db)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The direcitivy is 10.2 or 10.1 dBi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-11.1, Page number: 261<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "c = pi      #Circumference (m)\n",
+      "f1 = 1    #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "f2 = 10   #Frequency (MHz)\n",
+      "d = 10e-3   #Diameter of copper wire (m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calcalation\n",
+      "RL_Rr1 = 3430/((c**3)*(f1**3.5)*d)  \n",
+      "RL_Rr2 = 3430/((c**3)*(f2**3.5)*d)\n",
+      "            #Ratio of Loss resistance and radiation resistance (unitless\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "k1 = 1/(1+RL_Rr1)   #Radiation efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "k_db1 = 10*log10(k1)    #Radiation efficiency (in dB)\n",
+      "k2 = 1/(1+RL_Rr2)   #Radiation efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "k_db2 = 10*log10(k2)    #Radiation efficiency (in dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The radiation effiency for 1 MHz is %.1ef or %.1f dB\" % (k1, k_db1)\n",
+      "print \"The radiation effiency for 10 MHz is %.2f or %.1f dB\" % (k2, k_db2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radiation effiency for 1 MHz is 9.0e-05f or -40.4 dB\n",
+        "The radiation effiency for 10 MHz is 0.22 or -6.5 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-11.2, Page number: 264</h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n = 10    #Number of turns (unitless)\n",
+      "dia = 1e-3   #Diameter of copper wire (m)\n",
+      "dia_rod = 1e-2    #Diameter of ferrite rod (m)\n",
+      "len_rod = 10e-2    #Length of ferrite rod (m)\n",
+      "mu_r = 250 - 2.5j    #Relative permeability (unitless)\n",
+      "mu_er = 50    #Efeective relative permeability (unitless)\n",
+      "f = 1e6    #Frequency (Hz)\n",
+      "c = 3e8    #Speed of light (m/s)\n",
+      "mu_0 = pi*4e-7    #Absolute permeability (H/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "wave_lt = c/f    #Wavelength (m)\n",
+      "radius = dia_rod/2\n",
+      "C_l = (2*pi*radius)/(wave_lt)    #Circumference of loop (m)\n",
+      "Rr = 197*(mu_er**2)*(n**2)*(C_l**4)    #Radiation resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "Rf = 2*pi*f*mu_er*(mu_r.imag/mu_r.real)*mu_0*(n**2)*(pi*radius**2)/len_rod    #Loss resistance(ohm)\n",
+      "cond = 1/((7e-5**2)*f*pi*mu_er)    #Conductivity (S/m)\n",
+      "delta = 1/(sqrt(f*pi*mu_er*cond))    #Depth of penetration(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "RL = n*(C_l/dia)*sqrt((f*mu_0)/(pi*cond))    #Ohmic resistance (ohm)\n",
+      "k = Rr/(RL+abs(Rf))    #Radiation efficiency (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L = mu_er*(n**2)*(radius**2)*mu_0/len_rod    #Inductance (H)\n",
+      "Q = 2*pi*f*L/(abs(Rf) + Rr + RL)    #Ratio of energy stored to energy lost per cycle (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fHP = f/Q    #Bandwidth at half power (Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"The radiation efficiency is \", round(k,11)\n",
+      "print \"The value of Q is \", round(Q,3)\n",
+      "print \"The half-power bandwidth is\", round(fHP), \"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The radiation efficiency is  6.65e-09\n",
+        "The value of Q is  11.076\n",
+        "The half-power bandwidth is 90289.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-17.1, Page number: 280<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Z0 = 376.7      #Intrinsic impdence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "Zd = 73 + 42.5j #Impedence of infinitesimally thin lambda/2 antenna (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Z1 = (Z0**2)/(4*Zd) #Terminal impedence of the lambda/2 slot antenna (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The terminal impedence of the thin lambda/2 slot antenna is\", np.around(Z1), \"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The terminal impedence of the thin lambda/2 slot antenna is "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(363-211j) ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-17.2, Page number: 280<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Zd = 67     #Terminal impedence of cylindrical antenna (ohm)\n",
+      "Z0 = 376.7  #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "L = 0.475   #Length of complementary slot (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Z1 = Z0**2/(4*Zd)   #Terminal resistance of complementary slot (ohm)\n",
+      "w = 2*L/100         #Width of complementary slot (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The terminal resistance of the complementary slot is\", round(Z1), \"ohm\"\n",
+      "print \"The width of the complementary slot is\", w, \"lambda\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The terminal resistance of the complementary slot is 529.0 ohm\n",
+        "The width of the complementary slot is 0.0095 lambda\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-17.3, Page number: 281<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "Zd = 710    #Terminal impdence of cylindrical dipole\n",
+      "Z0 = 376.7  #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Z1 = Z0**2/(4*Zd)   #Terminal resistance of complementary slot (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The terminal resistance of the complementary slot is\", round(Z1),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The terminal resistance of the complementary slot is 50.0 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 7-20.1, Page number 288<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "delta_e = 0.2       #path length difference in E-plane (lambda)\n",
+      "delta_h = 0.375     #path length difference in H-plane (lambda)\n",
+      "a_e = 10            #E-plane aperture (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "L = a_e**2/(8*delta_e)    #Horn length(lambda)\n",
+      "theta_e = 2*math.atan2(a_e,2*L)*180/math.pi   #Flare angle in E-plane (degrees)\n",
+      "theta_h = 2*math.acos(L/(L+delta_h))*180/math.pi\n",
+      "                            #Flare angle in the H-plane (degrees)\n",
+      "a_h = 2*L*math.tan(theta_h/2*math.pi/180)   #H-plane aperture (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "hpbw_e = 56/a_e     #Half power beamwidth in E-plane (degrees)\n",
+      "hpbw_h = 67/a_h     #Half power beamwidth in H-plane (degrees)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "D = 10*math.log10(7.5*a_e*a_h)  #Directivity (dB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The length of the pyramidal horn is\", L,\"lambda\"\n",
+      "print \"The flare angles in E-plane and H-plane are\", round(theta_e,1),\"and\", round(theta_h,2), \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The H-plane aperture is\", round(a_h,1), \"lambda\"\n",
+      "print \"The Half power beamwidths in E-plane and H-plane are\", hpbw_e,\"&\",round(hpbw_h,1),\\\n",
+      "\"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The direcivity is\", round(D,1),\"dBi\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The length of the pyramidal horn is 62.5 lambda\n",
+        "The flare angles in E-plane and H-plane are 9.1 and 12.52 degrees\n",
+        "The H-plane aperture is 13.7 lambda\n",
+        "The Half power beamwidths in E-plane and H-plane are 5 & 4.9 degrees\n",
+        "The direcivity is 30.1 dBi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter8.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c5e8930
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 8: Helical Antennas<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 8-5.1, Page number: 309<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "w = 5       #Width of flattened tubing at termination (mm)\n",
+      "Er = 2.7    #Relative permittivity of the sheet\n",
+      "Z0 = 50     #Characteristic impdence of the sheet\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "h = w/((377/(sqrt(Er)*Z0))-2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The required thickness of the polystyrene sheet is\", round(h,1),\"mm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required thickness of the polystyrene sheet is 1.9 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 8-5.2, Page number:315<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n = 16.0        #Number of turns (unitless)\n",
+      "C = 1       #Circumference (lambda)\n",
+      "S = 0.25        #Turn Spacing (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "hpbw = 52/(C*sqrt(n*S)) #Half power beamwidth (degrees)\n",
+      "ax_rat = (2*n + 1)/(2*n)    #Axial ratio (unitless)\n",
+      "gain = 12*(C**2)*n*S        #Gain of antenna (unitless)\n",
+      "gain_db = 10*log10(gain)    #Gain of antenna (in dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The half power beam width is\", hpbw, \"degrees\"\n",
+      "print \"The axial ratio is\", round(ax_rat,2)\n",
+      "print \"The gain is\", gain,\"or\",round(gain_db,1),\"dBi\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The half power beam width is 26.0 degrees\n",
+        "The axial ratio is 1.03\n",
+        "The gain is 48.0 or 16.8 dBi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 8-5.3, Page number:316<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi, sqrt, log10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "n = 10.0    #Number of turns (unitless)\n",
+      "S = 0.236   #Spacing between turns (lambda)\n",
+      "n_a = 4.0   #Number of helical antennas in the array (unitless)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D = 12*n*S  #Directivity of a single antenna(unitless)\n",
+      "Ae = D/(4*pi)   #Effective aperture (lambda^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "A = sqrt(Ae)    #Area of square/spacing between helixes (lambda)\n",
+      "Ae_total = Ae*n_a   #Total effective aperture (lambda^2)\n",
+      "D_array = (4*pi*Ae_total)   #Directivity of the array (unitless)\n",
+      "D_array_db = 10*log10(D_array)  #Direcitivity of the array (dBi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The best spacing between the helixes is\", round(A,1), \"lambda\"\n",
+      "print \"The directivity of the array is\", round(D_array),\"or\",round(D_array_db,1),\"dBi\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The best spacing between the helixes is 1.5 lambda\n",
+        "The directivity of the array is 113.0 or 20.5 dBi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 8-16.1, Page number:347<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "gain = 24.0   #Gain (dB)\n",
+      "alpha = 12.7    #Pitch angle (degrees)\n",
+      "c_lambda = 1.05 #Circumference (lambda)\n",
+      "s_lambda = 0.236    #Spacing between turns (lambda)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D = 10**(gain/10)   #Directivity (unitless)\n",
+      "L = D/(12*(c_lambda**2))    #Helix length (lambda)\n",
+      "n = L/s_lambda              #Number of turns (unitless)\n",
+      "D = D/4             #Directivity for four 20-turn helixes(unitless)\n",
+      "Ae = D/(4*pi)       #Effective aperture of each helix (lambda^2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The Axial length is\", round(L),\"lambda\"\n",
+      "print \"The number of turns for the axial length is\",round(n)\n",
+      "print \"The effective aperture for 20 turns is\",round(Ae),\"lambda^2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Axial length is 19.0 lambda\n",
+        "The number of turns for the axial length is 80.0\n",
+        "The effective aperture for 20 turns is 5.0 lambda^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter9.ipynb b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72d11c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/chapter9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 9: Reflector Antennas<h1>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 9-2.1, Page number: 372<h3>"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "P_transmit = 25000.0      #Power transmitted by station transmitter (W)\n",
+      "gain_dbi = 29.0           #Gain of array (dBi)\n",
+      "r = 7500e3                #Distance (m)\n",
+      "h = 250e3                 #Height (m)\n",
+      "z = 377.0                 #Intrinsic impedence of free space (ohm)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "gain = 10**(gain_dbi/10)    #Gain of array (unitless)\n",
+      "erp = gain*P_transmit       #Effective radiated power (W)\n",
+      "p_area = erp/(2*pi*r*h)     #power per unit area at distance r (W/m^2)\n",
+      "field_str = sqrt(p_area*z)    #Field strength (mV/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The effective radiated power is\", round(erp,-5),\"W\"\n",
+      "print \"The field strength at the distance r is \",round(field_str,3), \"V/m^2\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The effective radiated power is 19900000.0 W\n",
+        "The field strength at the distance r is  0.025 V/m^2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot1.png b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b06c2235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot1.png
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot2.png b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot2.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..79b38b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot2.png
diff --git a/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot3.png b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot3.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f88bcebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Antennas_and_Wave_Propagation/screenshots/snapshot3.png
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/README.txt b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c04be12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Saurabh Barot
+Course: mtech
+College/Institute/Organization: Nirma University
+Department/Designation: Electrical Power System
+Book Title: Fluid Mechanics With Engineering Applications
+Author: R. L. A. Daugherty And J. B. A. Franzini
+Publisher: McGraw - Hill
+Year of publication: 1985
+Isbn: 0076662673
+Edition: 8
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch1.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2d43060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:927dbb23c2c4eb2bcfe9867be6353aeb4f4fc6596109258987a73bb6dbc2e748"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 1 : Properties Of Fluids"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.1 Page No : 4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "sw = 62.4 \t#specific weight of water at ordinary pressure - lb/ft**3\n",
+      "sw2 = 9.81 \t#specific weight of water at temperature - kN/m**3\n",
+      "sg = 13.55 \t#specific weight of mercury \n",
+      "g = 32.2   \t#ft/s**2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dwater = sw/g\n",
+      "dwater2 = sw2/(9.81)\n",
+      "Gmercury = sg*sw\n",
+      "Gmercury2 = sg*sw2\n",
+      "dmercury = sg*dwater\n",
+      "dmercury2 = sg*dwater2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print 'Density of water  =  %.2f slugs/ft**3'%(dwater)\n",
+      "print ' Density of water  =  %.2f g/ml'%(dwater2)\n",
+      "print ' Density of mercury  =  %.1f slugs/ft**3'%(dmercury)\n",
+      "print ' Density of mercury  =  %.2f kN/m**3'%(dmercury2)\n",
+      "print ' Specific weight of mercury  =  %d lb/ft**3'%(Gmercury+1)\n",
+      "print ' Specific weight of mercury  =  %d kN/m**3'%(Gmercury2+1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Density of water  =  1.94 slugs/ft**3\n",
+        " Density of water  =  1.00 g/ml\n",
+        " Density of mercury  =  26.3 slugs/ft**3\n",
+        " Density of mercury  =  13.55 kN/m**3\n",
+        " Specific weight of mercury  =  846 lb/ft**3\n",
+        " Specific weight of mercury  =  133 kN/m**3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.2 Page No : 9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "T = 460.+100 \t#R\n",
+      "P = 15.       \t#psia\n",
+      "MW = 32.     \t#lb\n",
+      "g = 32.2\t    #ft/s**2\n",
+      "ratio = 0.4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = 49710./32\n",
+      "d = P*144/(R*T)\n",
+      "Gamma = d*g\n",
+      "volume = 1/d\n",
+      "P2 = P*(1/ratio)**1.4\n",
+      "P2f = P2*144\n",
+      "T2 = P2f*ratio/(d*R) -460\n",
+      "P3 = P/ratio\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print ' part a'\n",
+      "print ' Density of oxygen  =  %.5f slug/ft**3'%(d)\n",
+      "print ' Specific weight of oxygen  =  %.2f lb/ft**3'%(Gamma)\n",
+      "print ' Specific volume of oxygen  =  %d ft**3/slug'%(volume+1)\n",
+      "print ' part b'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure of oxygen  =  %.1f psia '%(P2)\n",
+      "print ' Final Temperature of oxygen  =  %d F '%(T2+2)\n",
+      "print ' part 3'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure of oxygen  =  %.1f psia '%(P3)\n",
+      "print ' Final Temperature of oxygen  =  %d F '%(T-460)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " part a\n",
+        " Density of oxygen  =  0.00248 slug/ft**3\n",
+        " Specific weight of oxygen  =  0.08 lb/ft**3\n",
+        " Specific volume of oxygen  =  403 ft**3/slug\n",
+        " part b\n",
+        " Final pressure of oxygen  =  54.1 psia \n",
+        " Final Temperature of oxygen  =  349 F \n",
+        " part 3\n",
+        " Final pressure of oxygen  =  37.5 psia \n",
+        " Final Temperature of oxygen  =  100 F \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.3 Page No : 10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P = 600.*1000 \t#N/m**2\n",
+      "T = 25.     \t#C\n",
+      "M = 71. \t    #Kg\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = 8312/M\n",
+      "d = P/(R*(273+T))\n",
+      "Gamma = d*9.81\n",
+      "v = 1/d\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# results\n",
+      "print 'Density of chlorine  =  %.1f kg/m**3'%(d)\n",
+      "print ' Specific weight of chlorine  =  %d N/m**3'%(Gamma+1)\n",
+      "print ' Specific volume of chlorine  =  %.3f m**3/Kg'%(v)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Density of chlorine  =  17.2 kg/m**3\n",
+        " Specific weight of chlorine  =  169 N/m**3\n",
+        " Specific volume of chlorine  =  0.058 m**3/Kg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch10.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87e81c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d2599cf416e0a07710e4c3d128cbc7fa43fd432b07cfc1f586c709ffa82e3638"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : Forces on Immersed Bodies"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1 Page No : 301"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "nu = 0.001 \t#ft**2 /s\n",
+      "L = 1.5 \t#ft\n",
+      "U = 2.   \t#ft/s\n",
+      "s = 0.925\n",
+      "ro = 1.94\n",
+      "b = 6.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = L*U/nu\n",
+      "Cf = 1.328/math.sqrt(R)\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*s*ro*U*b/12 *L\n",
+      "delta = 4.91 *L/math.sqrt(R)\n",
+      "T0 = 0.332*nu*s*ro*U/L *math.sqrt(R)\n",
+      "print R\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Friction drag  =  %.3f lb\"%(Ff)\n",
+      "print \" Thickness of boundary layer  =  %.4f ft\"%(delta)\n",
+      "print \" Shear stress  =  %.4f lb/ft**2\"%(T0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Similar calculations are done for SI units case"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3000.0\n",
+        "Friction drag  =  0.065 lb\n",
+        " Thickness of boundary layer  =  0.1345 ft\n",
+        " Shear stress  =  0.0435 lb/ft**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2 Page No : 305"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "nu = 0.00015 \t#ft**2/s\n",
+      "L = 35.      \t#ft\n",
+      "U = 88.     \t#fps\n",
+      "g = 32.2    \t#ft/s**2\n",
+      "b = 10. \t    #ft\n",
+      "w = 8.       \t#ft\n",
+      "rho = 0.0725\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = L*U/nu\n",
+      "Cf = 0.455 /(math.log10(R))**2.58\n",
+      "B = 2*b + w\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*rho/g *U**2 /2 *L*B\n",
+      "Rx = R/10**5\n",
+      "delta = L*0.377 /(b* Rx**(0.2))\n",
+      "T0 = 0.0587 *rho/g *U**2 /2 *(nu/(L*U))**(0.2)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Frictional drag  =  %.1f lb\"%(Ff)\n",
+      "print \" Thickness of  boundary layer  =  %.3f ft\"%(delta)\n",
+      "print \" Shear stress  =  %.4f lb/ft**2\"%(T0)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frictional drag  =  22.9 lb\n",
+        " Thickness of  boundary layer  =  0.455 ft\n",
+        " Shear stress  =  0.0176 lb/ft**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3 Page No : 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "nu = 0.0000166 \t#ft**2 /s\n",
+      "U = 5.06 \t#fps\n",
+      "L = 50. \t#ft\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "dia = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = L*U/nu\n",
+      "Cf = 0.0028\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*64/g *U**2 /2 *math.pi*dia*L\n",
+      "Rx = R/L\n",
+      "ec = 26*nu/U *Rx**(0.25)\n",
+      "Rx2 = Rx*L/2\n",
+      "T02 = 0.0587*U**2 /2 /(Rx2)**(0.2)\n",
+      "delta2 = 60*nu/math.sqrt(T02)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Friction drag  =  %.f lb\"%(Ff)\n",
+      "print \" Critical roughness  =  %.4f ft\"%(ec)\n",
+      "print \" height of roughness  =  %.4f ft\"%(delta2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Friction drag  =  112 lb\n",
+        " Critical roughness  =  0.0020 ft\n",
+        " height of roughness  =  0.0056 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No : 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Cd = 0.45\n",
+      "rho = 0.0725/32.2\n",
+      "V = 88.  \t#fps\n",
+      "A = 8*10.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fd = Cd*rho*V**2 /2 *A\n",
+      "Drag2 = 23\n",
+      "D = Fd-Drag2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure drag  =  %.f lb\"%(D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure drag  =  291 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.5 Page No : 315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from sympy import Symbol,solve\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Cd = 0.2\n",
+      "D = 8.5/12 \t#in\n",
+      "v = 1.57*10**-4\n",
+      "rho = 0.00238\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = (math.pi*D**2)/4\n",
+      "#From trail and error method,\n",
+      "V = 412 \t#fps\n",
+      "R = (D*V)/v\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Free fall velocity  =  %.2e fps\"%(R)\n",
+      "print \"Since the values of R and Cd check with the figure, V = 412 fps\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Free fall velocity  =  1.86e+06 fps\n",
+        "Since the values of R and Cd check with the figure, V = 412 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6 Page No : 319"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "nu = 1.15*10**-5 \t#m**2/s\n",
+      "D = 2.*10**-3 \t    #m\n",
+      "V = 15.         \t#m/s\n",
+      "T = -20. \t        #C\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "R = D*V/nu\n",
+      "f = 0.2 *V/D *(1+T/R)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of oscillation  =  %d Hz\"%(round(f,-2))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of oscillation  =  1500 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.7 Page No : 324"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "n = 90. \t#rpm\n",
+      "R = 2. \n",
+      "rho = 0.0765/32.2\n",
+      "B = 25.\n",
+      "U = 120. \t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "vt = 2*math.pi*R*n/60\n",
+      "T = 2*math.pi*R*vt\n",
+      "Fl = rho*B*U*T\n",
+      "theta = math.degrees(math.asin(-T/(4*math.pi*R*U)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Peripheral velocity = %.2f fpx\"%vt\n",
+      "print \"Value of circulation  =  %.f ft62/s\"%(T)\n",
+      "print \" Transverse or lift force  =  %d lb\"%(round(Fl,-1))\n",
+      "print \" Position of stagnation points  =  %.1f degrees\"%(180-theta)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peripheral velocity = 18.85 fpx\n",
+        "Value of circulation  =  237 ft62/s\n",
+        " Transverse or lift force  =  1690 lb\n",
+        " Position of stagnation points  =  184.5 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.8 Page No : 331"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "B = 36. \t#ft\n",
+      "c = 6.  \t#ft\n",
+      "Cl = 0.8\n",
+      "tau = 0.175 \n",
+      "rho = 0.001756\n",
+      "V = 300. \t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "alphai = Cl/(math.pi*B/c) *(1+tau) *180/math.pi\n",
+      "alpha = 5.4 \n",
+      "lift = -5.6 \t#degrees\n",
+      "alphao = alpha-alphai\n",
+      "alphaod = alphao-lift\n",
+      "alphaor = alphaod*math.pi/180\n",
+      "eta = Cl/(2*math.pi*alphaor)\n",
+      "Fl = Cl*rho*V**2 /2 *B*c\n",
+      "Fd = 0.047/Cl *13680\n",
+      "HP = Fd*V/550\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Friction coefficient  =  %.3f \"%(eta)\n",
+      "print \" weight of the wing  =  %d lb\"%(round(Fl,-1))\n",
+      "print \" Horsepower required  =  %d hp\"%(HP)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Friction coefficient  =  0.896 \n",
+        " weight of the wing  =  13650 lb\n",
+        " Horsepower required  =  438 hp\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.9 Page No : 334"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "R = 287.\n",
+      "T = 249. \t#K\n",
+      "v = 600. \t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "d = 0.2 \t#diameter - m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "c = math.sqrt(k*R*T)\n",
+      "M = v/c\n",
+      "Cd = 0.62\n",
+      "rho = 47.22*10**3 /(R*T)\n",
+      "Fd = Cd*rho*v**2 /2 *math.pi*d**2 /4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Drag  =  %d N\"%(Fd)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answer is accurate"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Drag  =  2316 N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch11.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9ba8a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:0a4301c920a86f7888d81f22a80d24105313c5ae1dd42947a9f33bfe49dcea1b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11 : Steady Flow in Open Channels"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.1 Page No : 348"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "y = 3.4 \t#ft\n",
+      "n = 0.016\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = (10+2*y)*y\n",
+      "P = 10+ 2*math.sqrt(5) *y\n",
+      "Rh = A/P\n",
+      "f = 116*n**2 /Rh**(1./3)\n",
+      "e =  14.8*Rh/ 10**(1./2/math.sqrt(f))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"absolute roughness of pipe  =  %.4f ft\"%(e)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "absolute roughness of pipe  =  0.0159 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.2 Page No : 362"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "y = 1.495 \t#ft\n",
+      "Q = 14.  \t#cfs\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "yc = (Q**2 /g *2)**(1./5)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"yc  =  %.2f ft is greater than uniform flow depth. Hence flow is supercritical\"%(yc)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "yc  =  1.65 ft is greater than uniform flow depth. Hence flow is supercritical\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3 Page No : 366"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "q = 27./4\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "Q = 27. \t#cfs\n",
+      "d = 2.   \t#ft\n",
+      "dz1 = 0.3 \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "yc = (q**2 /g)**(1./3)\n",
+      "V2 = Q/(4*yc)\n",
+      "V1 = Q/(4*d)\n",
+      "dz  =  d+ V1**2 /(2*g) - V2**2/(2*g) - yc\n",
+      "y2 = 1.6 \t#ft\n",
+      "drop  =  d-(y2+dz1)\n",
+      "dz2 = 0.6 \t#ft\n",
+      "up = 2.12 \t#ft\n",
+      "down = 0.66 \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"yc  =  %.2f ft. Since, depth is greater than critical depth, the flow is subcritical\"%(yc)\n",
+      "print \" Drop in water height  =  %.2f ft\"%(drop)\n",
+      "print \" Drop upstream  =  %.2f ft and Downstream  =  %.2f ft\"%(up,down)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "yc  =  1.12 ft. Since, depth is greater than critical depth, the flow is subcritical\n",
+        " Drop in water height  =  0.10 ft\n",
+        " Drop upstream  =  2.12 ft and Downstream  =  0.66 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.5 Page No : 381"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "y0 = 2.17 \t#ft\n",
+      "q = 400./10 #flow rate\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "d = 4.8 \t#ft\n",
+      "S0 = 0.0016\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "yc = round((q**2 /g)**(1./3),2)\n",
+      "y2 = round(y0/2 *(-1 + math.sqrt(1+ 8*q**2 /(g*y0**3))),2)\n",
+      "y1 = round(d/2 *(-1 + math.sqrt(1+ 8*q**2/(g*d**3))),2)\n",
+      "E1 = round(y0 + (q/y0)**2 /(2*g),2)\n",
+      "E2 = round(y1+ (q/y1)**2 /(2*g),2)\n",
+      "Vm = 0.5*(q/y0 + q/y1)\n",
+      "Rm = 0.5*(y0/1.434 + y1/1.552)\n",
+      "S = (0.013*Vm/(1.49*Rm**(2./3)))**2\n",
+      "dx = (E1-E2)/(S-S0)\n",
+      "E1d = E2\n",
+      "E2d = d+ (q/4.8)**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "HPl = 62.4*q*10*(E1d-E2d)/550\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Power loss  =  %.2f \"%(HPl)\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different from the textbook due to rounding off error\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power loss  =  7.79 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.6 Page No : 386"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "y1 = array([1.5, 1.48])\n",
+      "V1 = array([2.22, 2.29])\n",
+      "d = 1.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "q = y1*V1\n",
+      "V2 = q/d\n",
+      "Vm = array([2.5, 2.56])\n",
+      "Rh1 = array([0.9, 0.89])\n",
+      "Rh2 = array([0.88, 0.78])\n",
+      "Rhm = (Rh1+Rh2)/2\n",
+      "S = (q*Vm/ Rhm**(2./3))**2\n",
+      "dx = [358 ,226]\n",
+      "yavg = (y1[0] + y1[1])/2\n",
+      "qavg = (q[0] + q[1])/2\n",
+      "B = 4.5\n",
+      "Q = qavg*B\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.1f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  15.1 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch12.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e1ff052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:8b08667e1cca98a07d013ad939243dc9add7485e8e9e19c3e7221c1a62e2d3d1"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : Fluid Measurements"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1 Page No : 417"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P1 = 10. \t#psia\n",
+      "Q = 0.6 \t#cfs\n",
+      "A1 = 0.0491 #ft**2\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "V = 39.2\t#fps\n",
+      "A0 = 0.0218 #ft**2\n",
+      "d1 = 2. \t#in\n",
+      "d2 = 3. \t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Phead = P1*144/62.4\n",
+      "V1 = Q/A1\n",
+      "V2i =  math.sqrt(2*g*(Phead + V1**2 /(2*g)))\n",
+      "Cv = V/V2i\n",
+      "A2 = Q/V\n",
+      "Cc = A2/A0\n",
+      "Cd = Cc*Cv\n",
+      "hL = (1/Cv**2 -1)*(1- (d1/d2)**4)*V**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \" Cc  =  %.2f \"%(Cc)\n",
+      "print \" Cd =  %.2f\"%(Cd)\n",
+      "print \" Cv =  %.2f\"%(Cv)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss  =  %.2f ft\"%(hL)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Cc  =  0.70 \n",
+        " Cd =  0.68\n",
+        " Cv =  0.97\n",
+        " Head loss  =  1.23 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2 Page No : 425"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 2.  \t#in\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "d1 = 3. \t#in\n",
+      "k = 1.06\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A2 = math.pi/4 *d**2 /144\n",
+      "dp = d/12\n",
+      "Q = k*A2*math.sqrt(2*g*dp)\n",
+      "A = math.pi/4 *(d1/12)**2\n",
+      "V1 = Q/A\n",
+      "K2 = 1.04\n",
+      "Q2 = K2/k *Q\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.4f cfs\"%(Q2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  0.0743 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3 Page No : 428"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P1 = 700. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "P2 = 400. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "D2 = 12.5 \t#cm\n",
+      "D1 = 25. \t#cm\n",
+      "C = 0.985\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "R = 287. \t#m**2/s**2 K\n",
+      "T = 273.+20 \t#K\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pr = P2/P1\n",
+      "Dr = D2/D1\n",
+      "Y = 0.72\n",
+      "gam1 = P1*g/(R*T)\n",
+      "G = C*Y*math.pi/4 *(D2/100)**2 *math.sqrt(2*g*gam1*(P1-P2)/(1- Dr**4))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Weight flow rate  =  %.4f kN/s\"%(G)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Weight flow rate  =  0.1971 kN/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.4 Page No : 432"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "V = 3. \t#fps\n",
+      "y = 1. \t#ft\n",
+      "L = 4. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "H =  (V*y/3.33)**(2./3)\n",
+      "P = L-H\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Height of weir  =  %.2f ft\"%(P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Height of weir  =  3.07 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch13.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c094073c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:57afc22e72f8124575cf49b21448070d3e8a0ab91ff492996411fc02ec3e922d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 13 : Unsteady-Flow Problems"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.1 Page No : 449"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ken = 0.5\n",
+      "kex = 0.2\n",
+      "f = 0.0018\n",
+      "l = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "dia = 3. \t#in\n",
+      "z1 = 8.\n",
+      "z2 = 5.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "x1 = ken+kex+f*l*12/dia\n",
+      "t = 35.5*2/3 *(z1**(3./2) - z2**(3./2))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Time reqired  =  %.f s\"%(t)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time reqired  =  271 s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.2 Page No : 451"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "print (\"For steady state, dV/dt  = 0\")\n",
+      "Q = 1600./449  #steady flow rate\n",
+      "A2 = 0.1963\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "rp2 = 2000.  #speed of rotation - rpm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2 = Q/A2\n",
+      "hp1 = 32*V2**2 /(2*g) -50\n",
+      "hp2 = hp1*(rp2/1650)**2\n",
+      "hpf = 169. \t#ft\n",
+      "Q = 4.1 \t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Steady state flow rate  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For steady state, dV/dt  = 0\n",
+        "Steady state flow rate  =  4.10 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.3 Page No : 455"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "kl = 0.5\n",
+      "f = 0.02\n",
+      "L = 15. \t#length - m\n",
+      "D = 0.1 \t#ft\n",
+      "k = 3.5\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "H = 2.\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "k = kl+f*L/D\n",
+      "V0 = math.sqrt(2*g*H/(1+k))\n",
+      "Q = array([0.25, 0.5, 0.75])\n",
+      "V = V0*Q\n",
+      "Vfun = (2.95+V)/(2.95-V)\n",
+      "lnVfun = log(Vfun)\n",
+      "t = 1.129*lnVfun\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"ln        t,s\"\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "for i in range(len(t)):\n",
+      "    print \"%.3f     %.3f\"%(lnVfun[i],t[i])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print (\"Similarly, it can be calculated for L = 150,1500 ft\")\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "ln        t,s\n",
+        "0.511     0.577\n",
+        "1.100     1.242\n",
+        "1.949     2.201\n",
+        "Similarly, it can be calculated for L = 150,1500 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.4 Page No : 462"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 30. \t#cfs\n",
+      "r = 2.  \t#ft\n",
+      "cp = 3200.\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "Q2 = 10. \t#cfs\n",
+      "z = 300. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(math.pi*r**2)\n",
+      "ph = rho*cp*V/144\n",
+      "phd = 4000/cp /(2*r) *ph\n",
+      "dV = (Q2-Q)/(math.pi*r**2)\n",
+      "dph = -rho*cp*dV/144\n",
+      "ph3 = rho*cp*V/3 /144\n",
+      "ph4 = ph3*z*2/cp\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Water hammer pressure =  %.1f psi\"%(ph)\n",
+      "print \" Water hammer pressure in case 2 =  %.1f psi\"%(phd)\n",
+      "print \" Water hammer pressure in case 3 =  %.1f psi\"%(dph)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at valve in case 4  =  %.1f psi\"%(ph3)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at 300 ft from reservoir  =  %.2f psi\"%(ph4)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Water hammer pressure =  102.9 psi\n",
+        " Water hammer pressure in case 2 =  32.2 psi\n",
+        " Water hammer pressure in case 3 =  68.6 psi\n",
+        " Pressure at valve in case 4  =  34.3 psi\n",
+        " Pressure at 300 ft from reservoir  =  6.43 psi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch14.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12f3ef2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:bc0bdd3f42808393903a7a119b866f7bd775b8d70fdd54776d6bd686bc44038d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 14 : Similarity Laws and Factors for Turbomachines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.1 Page No : 479"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 3.2 \t#m**3/s\n",
+      "h = 25   \t#m\n",
+      "eta = 0.82\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "bp =  g*Q*h/eta\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Brake power  =  %d kW\"%(bp)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "D1 = 50.\n",
+      "n1 = 1450.\n",
+      "n2 = 1200.\n",
+      "D2 = 80.\n",
+      "Q1 = 3.2 \t#cfs\n",
+      "h1 = 25. \t#m\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "eta = 0.82\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "h2 = h1*(D2/D1)**2 *(n2/n1)**2\n",
+      "Q2 = Q1*(D2/D1)**3 *(n2/n1)\n",
+      "bp = g*Q2*h2/eta\n",
+      "h1 = 82. \t    #ft\n",
+      "Q1 = 50700. \t#gpm\n",
+      "h2 = 143.8 \t#ft\n",
+      "Q2 = 171800 \t#gpm\n",
+      "Ns1 = n1*math.sqrt(Q1) /h1**(3/4.) \n",
+      "Ns2 = n2*math.sqrt(Q2) /h2**(3/4.) \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Brake power  =  %d kW\"%(round(bp,-1))\n",
+      "print \"Pumps are homologous. We expect them to have same specific speed and their speeds are %.1f and \\\n",
+      "%.1f\"%(round(Ns1,-1),round(Ns2,-1))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Brake power  =  957 kW\n",
+        "Brake power  =  5690 kW\n",
+        "Pumps are homologous. We expect them to have same specific speed and their speeds are 11980.0 and 11980.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch15.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch15.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8510f9f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch15.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:5a87247e3e7d335ec3f93a6763434ef47db612054d0c0f12922c9d7638e3f184"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 15 : Impulse Turbines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.1 Page No : 486"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z2 = 500.\t#ft\n",
+      "z1 = 300.\t#ft\n",
+      "D = array([1, 1.5, 2 ,2.5, 3, 4, 6])\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "gam = 62.4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Dj = D/12\n",
+      "Vj = sqrt((z2-z1)*2*g/(1.04 + 640.*Dj**4))\n",
+      "Aj = math.pi/4 *Dj**2\n",
+      "Q = Aj*Vj\n",
+      "Pjet = gam*Q*Vj**2 /(2*g) /550\n",
+      "Pj = max(Pjet)\n",
+      "for i in range(0,len(Pjet)):\n",
+      "    if(Pjet[i] == Pj):\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "diameter = D[i]\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Dj,in     Dj,ft     Vj,fps     Aj,ft**2     Q=AjVj,cfs     Pjet,hp\"\n",
+      "for i in range(len(D)):\n",
+      "    print \"%5.1f     %5.3f     %5.f     %7.4f        %5.2f        %5.1f\"%(D[i],Dj[i],Vj[i],Aj[i],Q[i],Pjet[i])\n",
+      "print \"Thus a pipe of %d in will be the optimum\"%(diameter)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# answer are slightly different because of rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Dj,in     Dj,ft     Vj,fps     Aj,ft**2     Q=AjVj,cfs     Pjet,hp\n",
+        "  1.0     0.083       110      0.0055         0.60         12.7\n",
+        "  1.5     0.125       104      0.0123         1.27         24.2\n",
+        "  2.0     0.167        92      0.0218         2.00         29.6\n",
+        "  2.5     0.208        76      0.0341         2.58         26.1\n",
+        "  3.0     0.250        60      0.0491         2.96         19.0\n",
+        "  4.0     0.333        38      0.0873         3.31          8.4\n",
+        "  6.0     0.500        18      0.1963         3.48          1.9\n",
+        "Thus a pipe of 2 in will be the optimum\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.2 Page No : 498"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import acot\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "phi = 0.46\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "k = 0.44\n",
+      "cv = 0.98\n",
+      "d = 10.      \t#in\n",
+      "A = 0.545 \t    #ft**2\n",
+      "beta = 160.  \t#degrees\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "u = phi*math.sqrt(2*g)\n",
+      "V1 = cv*math.sqrt(2*g)\n",
+      "gQ = 62.4*A*V1\n",
+      "T = d/2 *gQ/g *(1 - math.cos(math.radians(beta)) /math.sqrt(1+k) )*math.sqrt(2*g)*(cv-phi)\n",
+      "Power = T*2*u/d\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Torque required  =  %d ft lb\"%(T)\n",
+      "print \" Power transferred  =  %d ft lb/s\"%(Power)\n",
+      "Pi = gQ\n",
+      "He = Power/Pi\n",
+      "print \" Hydraulic efficiency  =  %.2f\"%(He)\n",
+      "v1 = V1-u\n",
+      "v2 = v1/(math.sqrt(1+k))\n",
+      "hl = k*v2**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "print \"Head loss in bucket friction  =  %.1f %%\"%(hl*100)\n",
+      "Hn = (1/cv**2 -1)*V1**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss in  nozzle  =  %.4f\"%(Hn*100)\n",
+      "V2cos = u+v2*math.cos(math.radians(beta))\n",
+      "V2sin = v2*math.sin(math.radians(beta))\n",
+      "#alpha = math.degrees(1/math.atan(V2cos/V2sin))\n",
+      "alpha = math.degrees(acot(V2cos/V2sin))\n",
+      "V2 = V2sin/math.sin(math.radians(alpha))\n",
+      "Hd = V2**2/(2*g)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss at discharge  =  %.1f %%\"%(Hd*100)\n",
+      "Htotal = Hd+Hn+hl\n",
+      "print \" Total head loss  =  %.2f %%\"%(Htotal*100)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Torque required  =  309 ft lb\n",
+        " Power transferred  =  228 ft lb/s\n",
+        " Hydraulic efficiency  =  0.85\n",
+        "Head loss in bucket friction  =  8.3 %\n",
+        " Head loss in  nozzle  =  3.9600\n",
+        " Head loss at discharge  =  2.5 %\n",
+        " Total head loss  =  14.70 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.3 Page No : 501"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "cv = 0.98\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "h = 1320. \t#ft\n",
+      "A = 0.196 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "eta = 0.85\n",
+      "ne = 400.\n",
+      "phi = 0.45\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = cv*math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "Q = A*V\n",
+      "bhp = eta*62.4*Q*h/550\n",
+      "ns = ne*math.sqrt(bhp) /h**(5./4)\n",
+      "u = phi*math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "D = u*60/math.pi/ne\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Pitch diameter  =  %.2f ft\"%(D)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# part b\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "cv = 0.98\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "h = 1320. \t#ft\n",
+      "A = 0.196 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "eta = 0.85\n",
+      "ne = 400.\n",
+      "phi = 0.45\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = cv*math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "Q = A*V/3\n",
+      "bhp = eta*62.4*Q*h/550\n",
+      "ne2 = 600.\n",
+      "ns1 = ne2*math.sqrt(bhp) /h**(5./4)\n",
+      "D = 2500./ne2\n",
+      "Dj = math.sqrt(Q*4/V/math.pi)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \" Jet diameter  =  %.3f ft\"%(Dj)\n",
+      "print \" Specific speed  =  %.2f \"%(ns1)\n",
+      "print \" Pitch Diameter  =  %.2f ft\"%(D)\n",
+      "print \" Operating speed  =  %d rpm\"%(ne2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pitch diameter  =  6.26 ft\n",
+        " Jet diameter  =  0.288 ft\n",
+        " Specific speed  =  3.68 \n",
+        " Pitch Diameter  =  4.17 ft\n",
+        " Operating speed  =  600 rpm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch16.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch16.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95cacefd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:97054b18dca6dd35f36356f17f04ac0dbb81bc69e4ec9c5130f6bdf970d306a2"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 16 : Reaction Turbines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.2 Page No : 525"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import acot\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ns = 20. \n",
+      "eta = 0.925\n",
+      "etah = 0.94\n",
+      "BD = 0.1\n",
+      "phie = 0.72\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "alpha2 = 90. \t#degrees\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Cr = ns**2 /(67100*phie**2 *BD*eta)\n",
+      "c1cos = etah/(2*phie)\n",
+      "alpha = math.degrees(math.atan(Cr/c1cos))\n",
+      "C1 = Cr/math.sin(alpha)\n",
+      "#beta1 = 1/math.tan(math.radians((C1*math.cos(alpha) -phie)/(C1*math.sin(alpha))))\n",
+      "cotb1 = (0.653 - phie)/0.1243\n",
+      "beta1 = math.degrees(1./math.atan(cotb1))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Alpha  =  %.2f degrees\"%(alpha)\n",
+      "print \" Beta  =  %.2f degrees\"%(beta1)\n",
+      "print (\"part b\")\n",
+      "h = 402.\n",
+      "n = 600. \t#rpm\n",
+      "bhp = 3600.\n",
+      "ns = n*math.sqrt(bhp) /h**(5./4)\n",
+      "D = 153.2*phie*math.sqrt(h) /n\n",
+      "B = BD*D\n",
+      "Dt = D*0.735\n",
+      "Ac = 0.95*math.pi*D*B\n",
+      "Vr = Cr*math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "Q = Ac*Vr\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \" Breadth =  %.3f ft\"%(B)\n",
+      "print \" depth D =  %.2f ft\"%(D)\n",
+      "print \" velocity Vr =  %d ft/s\"%(Vr)\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate Q =  %.1f cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answers are slightly different because of rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Alpha  =  10.78 degrees\n",
+        " Beta  =  -115.90 degrees\n",
+        "part b\n",
+        " Breadth =  0.369 ft\n",
+        " depth D =  3.69 ft\n",
+        " velocity Vr =  20 ft/s\n",
+        " Flow rate Q =  81.1 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.3 Page No : 527"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ns = 70. \n",
+      "z1 = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "z2 = 5000. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P1 = 12.2*144/62.4\n",
+      "P2 = 0.26*144/62.4\n",
+      "sigmac = 0.31\n",
+      "h = (P1-P2-z1)/sigmac\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Max permissible head to assure against cavitation  =  %.f ft\"%(h)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Max permissible head to assure against cavitation  =  57 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.4 Page No : 529"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 600. \t#cfs\n",
+      "z = 350. \t#ft\n",
+      "eta = 0.9\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "power = 62.4*Q*z*eta/550\n",
+      "rpm = 75.\n",
+      "n = 2.\n",
+      "ns = rpm*math.sqrt(power/n) /z**(5./4)\n",
+      "phi = 0.45\n",
+      "D = 153.3*math.sqrt(z) *phi/rpm\n",
+      "rpm2 = 600.\n",
+      "ns2 = rpm2*math.sqrt(power/n) /z**(5./4)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"For two turbines, ns =  %.2f\"%(ns)\n",
+      "print \"For Francis turbines, ns =  %d \"%(ns2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For two turbines, ns =  5.13\n",
+        "For Francis turbines, ns =  41 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch17.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch17.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8eb3f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch17.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:8c6f5ddedf44ae20de67fc03890769a1dfcd2f9b5b396e3c44b963afe6559e1b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 17 : Centrifugal and Axial-Flow Pumps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 17.1 Page No : 543"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Ns = 500.   #minimum practical specific speed\n",
+      "h = 900. \t#ft\n",
+      "Q = 1600. \t#gpm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "ne = Ns*h**(3./4) /math.sqrt(Q)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Minimum rotative speed  =  %d rpm\"%(round(ne,-1))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ne = 600. \n",
+      "gpm = 1600.\n",
+      "Ns = 500.\n",
+      "Head = 900. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "h = (ne*math.sqrt(gpm) /Ns)**(4./3)\n",
+      "n = Head/h\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"No. of stages  =  \",round(n,3)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum rotative speed  =  2050 rpm\n",
+        "No. of stages  =   5.159\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 17.2 Page No : 543"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ne = 600. \n",
+      "gpm = 2000.\n",
+      "h = 150.\n",
+      "num = 2.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "ns = ne*math.sqrt(gpm) /h**(3./4)\n",
+      "gpm2 = num*gpm\n",
+      "h2 = num**2 *h\n",
+      "Ns = 2*ne*math.sqrt(gpm2) /h2**(3./4)\n",
+      "Ne2 = Ns*(h/2)**(3./4) /math.sqrt(gpm)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Specific speed in case1  =  %d \"%(ns)\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate in case 2  =  %d gpm\"%(gpm2)\n",
+      "print \" Head in case 2  =  %d ft\"%(h2)\n",
+      "print \" Specific speed in case 2  =  %d \"%(Ns)\n",
+      "print \" required operating speed in case 2  =  %.f rpm\"%(Ne2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Specific speed in case1  =  626 \n",
+        "Flow rate in case 2  =  4000 gpm\n",
+        " Head in case 2  =  600 ft\n",
+        " Specific speed in case 2  =  626 \n",
+        " required operating speed in case 2  =  357 rpm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 17.3 Page No : 552"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ne = 600./2 \n",
+      "gpm = 1450.\n",
+      "h = 140.\n",
+      "NPSH = 10.4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Ns = gpm*math.sqrt(ne) /h**(3./4)\n",
+      "sigmac = NPSH/h\n",
+      "zsmax = -3  \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Sigma C for the pump  =  %.4f\"%(sigmac)\n",
+      "print \" Position of pump  =  %d ft\"%(zsmax)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sigma C for the pump  =  0.0743\n",
+        " Position of pump  =  -3 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 17.4 Page No : 557"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ne = 600.\n",
+      "gpm = 84500.\n",
+      "h = 225.\n",
+      "f = 0.95\n",
+      "phie = 1.1\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Ns = ne*math.sqrt(gpm) /h**(3./4)\n",
+      "u2 = phie*math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "D = 153.2*phie*math.sqrt(h) /ne\n",
+      "D0 = 1.06*D*12 \t#in\n",
+      "B = 0.155*D0*12 \t#in\n",
+      "De = 0.6*D0\n",
+      "u0 = 1.06*u2\n",
+      "Vm2 = 0.15*u0\n",
+      "Area = 0.95*math.pi*D/144 *B\n",
+      "Q = Area*Vm2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Specific speed  = %d \"%(round(Ns,-1))\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate  =  %d cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Eye diameter  =  %.1f in\"%(De)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Specific speed  = 3000 \n",
+        " Flow rate  =  183 cfs\n",
+        " Eye diameter  =  32.2 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch2.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c605e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:dcc8f42948d54861c1b3938fe3127fa1812368cca6f5d25f547cacd56a9fddb2"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2 : Fluid Statics"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1 Page No : 24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z = 20000.       \t#ft\n",
+      "rate = -0.00356 \t#F/ft\n",
+      "T = 59.          \t#F\n",
+      "P = 14.7        \t#psia\n",
+      "gamma = 0.076   \t#lb/ft**3\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P2 = P*144 - gamma*(z)\n",
+      "P2f = P2/144\n",
+      "P3 = P*math.exp(-gamma*z/(P*144))\n",
+      "P4 = ((P*144)**0.285 -0.285*gamma*z*(P*144)**(-0.715))**(1/0.285)\n",
+      "P4f = P4/144.\n",
+      "P5 = P*((460+T)/(460+T+rate*z))**(gamma*(T+460)/(P*144*rate))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print ' Constant density'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure  =  %.2f psia'%(P2f)\n",
+      "print ' \\nIsothermal'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure  =  %.2f psia'%(P3)\n",
+      "print ' \\nIsentropic'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure  =  %.1f psia'%(P4f)\n",
+      "print ' \\nLinear decrease'\n",
+      "print ' Final pressure  =  %.1f psia'%(P5)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Constant density\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  4.14 psia\n",
+        " \n",
+        "Isothermal\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  7.17 psia\n",
+        " \n",
+        "Isentropic\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  6.6 psia\n",
+        " \n",
+        "Linear decrease\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  6.8 psia\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2 Page No : 37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "wA = 53.5 \t#weight of A - lb/ft**3\n",
+      "wA2 = 8.4 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "wB = 78.8 \t#weight of B - lb/ft**3\n",
+      "wB2 = 12.3 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "PB = 30. \t#pressure at B - psi\n",
+      "PB2 = 200. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "AB = 1.3 \t#ft\n",
+      "AB2 = 40./100 \t#m\n",
+      "BC = 6.5 \t#ft\n",
+      "BC2 = 2. \t#m\n",
+      "CD = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "CD2 = 3. \t#m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "PAbyGB = PB*144/wB - AB*13.55*62.4/wB - (BC+CD) + (AB+BC)*wA/wB\n",
+      "PA = PAbyGB*wB/144.\n",
+      "PAbyGB2 = PB2/wB2 - AB2*13.55*9.81/wB2 - (BC2+CD2) + (AB2+BC2)*wA2/wB2\n",
+      "PA2 = PAbyGB2*wB2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print ' English units'\n",
+      "print \" Final pressure  =  %.1f psi\"%(PA)\n",
+      "print ' \\n SI Units'\n",
+      "print \" Final pressure  =  %d kPa\"%(PA2+1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " English units\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  16.2 psi\n",
+        " \n",
+        " SI Units\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  106 kPa\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3 Page No : 41"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "W = 500. \t#weight of gate - lb\n",
+      "width = 2. \t#ft\n",
+      "len1 = 4. \t#ft\n",
+      "CGx = 1.2 \t#ft\n",
+      "CGy = 0.9 \t#ft\n",
+      "theta = 30. \t#degrees\n",
+      "gam = 62.4 \t#lb/ft**3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fv = width*len1 \t#multiply by gam*x\n",
+      "F = width/(2*math.cos(math.radians(theta))) \t#multiply by gam*x*x\n",
+      "vector = roots([F*gam*0.770/2,0, - Fv*gam*width,W*CGx])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print 'The gate will remain closed between %.2f ft and %.2f ft'%(vector[2],vector[1])\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The gate will remain closed between 0.61 ft and 5.67 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No : 43"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z1 = 1. \t#in\n",
+      "z2 = 2. \t#in\n",
+      "z3 = 2. \t#in\n",
+      "sOil = 0.8 \n",
+      "sWater = 1.\n",
+      "Pa = 3. \t#psi\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pd = (Pa) + (z2+z1)*sOil*62.4/144 + 62.4*z3/144\n",
+      "Fa = Pa*144*math.pi*z3**2\n",
+      "Fb = sOil*62.4*(z2+z1-(z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi))*(math.pi*z3**2 /2)\n",
+      "Fc = sOil*62.4*(z2+z1)*(math.pi*z3**2 /2)\n",
+      "Fd = 62.4*(z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi)*(math.pi*z3**2 /2)\n",
+      "F = Fa+Fb+Fc+Fd\n",
+      "yPa = z2+z1\n",
+      "yCb = z2+z1-(z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi) \n",
+      "ICb = math.pi*(z2+z3)**4 /128 -0.5*math.pi*z2**2 *((z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi))**2\n",
+      "yPb = yCb+ICb/(yCb*0.5*math.pi*z2**2)\n",
+      "yPc = z2+z1+ (z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi) \n",
+      "ICd = ICb\n",
+      "yPd = z2+z1 + (z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi) + ICb/((z2+z3)*z2/((z2+z1)*math.pi)*0.5*math.pi*z3**2 )\n",
+      "yP = (Fa*yPa+Fb*yPb+Fc*yPc+Fd*yPd)/F\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print ' case 1'\n",
+      "print ' Pressure at the bottom  =  %.1f psi'%(Pd)\n",
+      "print ' \\n case 2'\n",
+      "print ' Net force  =  %d lb'%( F+3)\n",
+      "print ' Location of net force =  %.2f ft'%( yP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " case 1\n",
+        " Pressure at the bottom  =  4.9 psi\n",
+        " \n",
+        " case 2\n",
+        " Net force  =  7380 lb\n",
+        " Location of net force =  3.10 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5 Page No : 46"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dia = 4. \t#m\n",
+      "P = 35. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "theta = 30. #degrees\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fx = P*(dia-dia*(1-math.cos(math.radians(theta)))/2.)\n",
+      "Fz = P*dia*math.sin(math.radians(theta))/2\n",
+      "dist = (dia-dia*(1-math.cos(math.radians(theta)))/2.)\n",
+      "Fxb = 9.81*dist*dist/2 \n",
+      "Fzb = 9.81*((180+theta)*math.pi*(dia/2)**2/360 + math.sqrt(3) /2 + dia/2)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print ' part a'\n",
+      "print ' Horizontal force =  %.1f kN/m to the right'%( Fx)\n",
+      "print ' Vertical force  =  %.1f kN/m upward' %( Fz)\n",
+      "print ' \\n part b'\n",
+      "print ' force by the fluid  =  %.1f kN/m to the right'%(Fxb)\n",
+      "print ' weight of the cross-hatched volume of liquid  = %.1f kN/m Upward'%(Fzb )\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " part a\n",
+        " Horizontal force =  130.6 kN/m to the right\n",
+        " Vertical force  =  35.0 kN/m upward\n",
+        " \n",
+        " part b\n",
+        " force by the fluid  =  68.3 kN/m to the right\n",
+        " weight of the cross-hatched volume of liquid  = 100.0 kN/m Upward\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6 Page No : 49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy.linalg import solve\n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d1 = 4. \t#diameter - in\n",
+      "h1 = 3.75 \t#in\n",
+      "w1 = 0.85 \t#weight of cylinder - lb\n",
+      "gamma = 52. #lb/ft**3\n",
+      "d2 = 5. \t#in\n",
+      "depth = 3. \t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = array([[(d1/2)*(d1/2), -(d2/2)*(d2/2)+(d1/2)*(d1/2)],[ 1,1]])\n",
+      "b = array([[0],[w1*12*(12*2/d1)**2 /(gamma*math.pi)]])\n",
+      "C = solve(A,b)\n",
+      "x = C[0]\n",
+      "y = C[1]\n",
+      "height = depth-x\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print 'Bottom of the cylinder will be %.2f in above the bottom of hollow cylinder'%(height)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bottom of the cylinder will be 2.19 in above the bottom of hollow cylinder\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7 Page No : 52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "v = 180. \t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "angle = 40. #degrees\n",
+      "a = 4.   \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "r = 2600. \t#radius - m\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "#Assume outward and right as positive\n",
+      "an = round(-v*v/r,1)\n",
+      "at = -a\n",
+      "ax = at*math.cos(math.radians(angle)) +an*math.sin(math.radians(angle))\n",
+      "az = at*math.sin(math.radians(angle)) -an*math.cos(math.radians(angle))\n",
+      "tangent = ax/(az+g)\n",
+      "theta = math.degrees(math.atan(tangent))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print 'Angle made by the free liquid  =  %.1f degrees'%(-theta)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Angle made by the free liquid  =  33.4 degrees\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch3.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b3a116e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3a66fd8d35a6b920ec6df68f36f6af53b925b694b7b276b4adb69f10c536acff"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3 : Kinematics of Fluid Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1 Page No : 78"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 0.5 \t#cfs\n",
+      "d1 = 8. \t#in\n",
+      "d2 = 4.  \t#in\n",
+      "R = 2.   \t#in\n",
+      "h = 0.59 \t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Aa = math.pi*(d1/12)**2 /4\n",
+      "Va = Q/Aa\n",
+      "Ab = 2*math.pi*R*h/144\n",
+      "Vb = Q/Ab\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Average velocity at section A  = %.2f fps \"%(Va)\n",
+      "print \" Average velocity at section B = %.2f fps \"%(Vb)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average velocity at section A  = 1.43 fps \n",
+        " Average velocity at section B = 9.71 fps \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2 Page No : 81"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 0.5 \t#cfs\n",
+      "d1 = 8. \t#in\n",
+      "d2 = 4. \t#in\n",
+      "R = 2.   \t#in\n",
+      "theta = 45.\t#degrees\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "h = (1-math.cos(math.radians(theta))) \t#Multiply by r\n",
+      "Aa = round(2*math.pi*h,2) \t#Multiply by r**2\n",
+      "V = Q/Aa \t#divide by r**2\n",
+      "aA = 0\n",
+      "r = 0.167 \t#ft\n",
+      "V1 = V/r**2\n",
+      "dvbydx = round(V*2/r**3)\n",
+      "aB = V1*dvbydx\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "#The answer varies a bit from the text due to rounding off error\n",
+      "print \"Acceleration at A  =  %d since flow is steady\"%(aA)\n",
+      "print \"Acceleration at B  =  %d ft/s**2\"%(aB)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Acceleration at A  =  0 since flow is steady\n",
+        "Acceleration at B  =  1140 ft/s**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch4.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1aeaf24f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:204da51ebf9aa715601d60f6e1aaa3c9734a35c1b9cad7274440a88878e8202c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4 : Energy Considerations in Steady Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.1 Page No : 93"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 1.26    #specific gravity\n",
+      "d = 24.  \t#in\n",
+      "d2 = 60.    #cm\n",
+      "Q = 25. \t#cfs\n",
+      "Q2 = 700. \t#L/s\n",
+      "dout = 12. \t#in\n",
+      "dout2 = 30./100 \t#m\n",
+      "z = 3. \t    #ft\n",
+      "z2 = 1. \t#m\n",
+      "P1 = 45. \t#psi\n",
+      "P2 = 300. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "gamma = 9.81 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = d/math.pi\n",
+      "V2 = d*4/math.pi\n",
+      "pf = (P1*144/(1.26*62.4) + (V1**2)/64.4 - V2**2 /64.4 +z)*1.26*62.4/144\n",
+      "V1 = Q2/1000/(math.pi*dout2**2)\n",
+      "V2 = 4*V1\n",
+      "p2f = ((P2/(1.26*gamma)) + V1**2 /(2*gamma) -V2**2 /(2*gamma) +z2)*1.26*gamma\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \" English units\"\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at point 2  =  %.1f psi \"%(pf)\n",
+      "print \" \\n SI Units\"\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at point 2  =  %.d kN/m**2 \"%(p2f)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " English units\n",
+        " Pressure at point 2  =  39.2 psi \n",
+        " \n",
+        " SI Units\n",
+        " Pressure at point 2  =  254 kN/m**2 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2 Page No : 94"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "h = 20.    \t#m\n",
+      "c = 4187. \t#N m /(kg K)\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dT = g*h/c\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Increase in temperature of water  =  %.3f K\"%(dT)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Increase in temperature of water  =  0.047 K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.3 Page No : 96"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "sg = 1.26  #specific gravity of liquid\n",
+      "sg2 = 1.26 #\n",
+      "HP = 22.\n",
+      "HP2 = 16.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "hp = HP*550/(sg*62.4) \t#divide by Q\n",
+      "Q = 14.2 \t#cfs\n",
+      "print \"In English units, By trial Q =  %.1f cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "hp2 = HP2*1000/(sg2*9.81)\n",
+      "Q2 = 0.42 \t#m**3/s\n",
+      "print \" In SI units, By trial Q =  %.2f m**3/s\"%(Q2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "In English units, By trial Q =  14.2 cfs\n",
+        " In SI units, By trial Q =  0.42 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.4 Page No : 96"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9810. \t#N/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 10 \t    #m**3/s\n",
+      "H = 20 \t    #m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rate = g*Q*H/1000\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Rate of energy loss  =  %d kW\"%(Rate-2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rate of energy loss  =  1960 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.5 Page No : 98"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "s = 0.86\n",
+      "P2 = 3.8 \t#pressure - psia\n",
+      "Patm = 26.8 \t#atmospheric pressure - Hg\n",
+      "SPatm = 29.9 \t#in of Hg\n",
+      "psi = 14.7 \t#psia\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pa = Patm*psi/SPatm\n",
+      "Pcrit = -(Pa-P2)*144/(s*62.4)\n",
+      "Q = math.sqrt((-Pcrit+ 10*144/(s*62.4))*64.4*math.pi**2 /(-1/2.25**2 + 1/0.25**2 ))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Max. theoretical flow  =  %.1f cfs\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Max. theoretical flow  =  45.7 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.6 Page No : 104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z = 3.       \t#ft\n",
+      "s = 0.82\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "ua = math.sqrt(z*2*32.2)\n",
+      "ub = math.sqrt(2*32.2*(-2*(1-s) +ua**2 /(2*32.2)))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Velocity at B =  %.1f fps\"%(ub)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Velocity at B =  13.0 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.7 Page No : 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 3.   \t#in\n",
+      "x1 = 0.5**2\n",
+      "x2 = 0.75**2\n",
+      "z = 80.  \t#ft\n",
+      "z3 = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print (\"Using Bernoullis theorem\")\n",
+      "v3 = 29.7 \t#fps\n",
+      "Q = math.pi /4 *(d/12)**2 *v3\n",
+      "hls = 5*(x1*v3)**2 /(2*32.2)\n",
+      "hld = 12*(x2*v3)**2 /(2*32.2)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Head loss in suction pipe  =  %.1f ft\"%(hls)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss in discharge pipe  =  %.1f ft\"%(hld)\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Using Bernoullis theorem\n",
+        "Head loss in suction pipe  =  4.3 ft\n",
+        " Head loss in discharge pipe  =  52.0 ft\n",
+        " Flow rate  =  1.46 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.8 Page No : 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z1 = 2.\n",
+      "z2 = 0.8\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print (\"From equation of continuity, z1*v1 = z2*v2\")\n",
+      "V1 =  math.sqrt((z2-z1)*2*9.81/(1-z1**2 /z2**2))\n",
+      "V2 = z1*V1/z2\n",
+      "Q = z1*1*V1\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.2f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "From equation of continuity, z1*v1 = z2*v2\n",
+        "Flow rate  =  4.24 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.9 Page No : 113"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "theta = 30. \t#degrees\n",
+      "z = 10.     \t#ft\n",
+      "x = 60.  \t    #ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt((0.5*32.2*69.3**2)/((x-math.sin(math.radians(theta)) *69.3)))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"velocity  =  %.0f fps\"%(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "velocity  =  55 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.10 Page No : 119"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "V = 60. \t#fps\n",
+      "theta = 15. #degrees\n",
+      "ra = 6/12. \t#ft\n",
+      "rb = 8/12. \t#ft\n",
+      "B = 1.5/12 \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vra = V*math.sin(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "Q = 2* math.pi*ra*B*Vra\n",
+      "Vratio = ra/rb\n",
+      "Vb = Vratio*V\n",
+      "flow = (V**2 - Vb**2)/(2*32.2)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Velocity at b  =  %d fps\"%(Vb)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure head  =  %.1f ft\"%(flow)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  6.10 cfs\n",
+        " Velocity at b  =  45 fps\n",
+        " Pressure head  =  24.5 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch6.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6137e1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:7a16c4d96ee700a37dba4a242e55bbbe161eeaa4c40448cf9c981c1c38399b2e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6 : Momentum and Forces in Fluid Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.1 Page No : 153"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "V2 = 12. \t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "V3 = 12. \t#m/s\n",
+      "A2 = 10.**2\n",
+      "A1 = 15.**2\n",
+      "A3 = 7.5**2\n",
+      "t1 = 15. \n",
+      "t2 = 30.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = (A2*V2 + A3*V3)/A1\n",
+      "Q1 = round(math.pi /4 *A1*10**-4 *V1,3)\n",
+      "Q2 = round(math.pi /4 *A2*10**-4 *V2,3)\n",
+      "Q3 = round(math.pi /4 *A3*10**-4 *V3,3)\n",
+      "P1g = round(V3**2 /(2*g) - V1**2 /(2*g),2)\n",
+      "P1 = round(P1g*g,1)\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \n",
+      "V2x = V2*math.cos(math.radians(t1))\n",
+      "V3x = V3*math.cos(math.radians(t2))\n",
+      "V1x = V1\n",
+      "Fx =  -P1*A1*10**-4 + (rho*Q2*V2x + rho*Q3*V3x - rho*Q1*V1x)\n",
+      "Fx = Fx*10**-3 \n",
+      "V2y = V2*math.sin(math.radians(t1))\n",
+      "V3y = -V3*math.sin(math.radians(t2))\n",
+      "V1y = 0\n",
+      "Fy = rho*Q2*V2y +rho*Q3*V3y -rho*Q1*V1y\n",
+      "Fy = Fy*10**-3\n",
+      "Fnlx = 0.659 - Fx\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Force in x directio  =  %.3f kN\"%(Fx)\n",
+      "print \" Force in y direction  =  %.3f kN\"%(Fy)\n",
+      "print \"(Fl/n)x = %.3f kN\"%Fnlx\n",
+      "print \"(Fl/n)y = %.3f kN\"%-Fy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Force in x directio  =  0.415 kN\n",
+        " Force in y direction  =  -0.026 kN\n",
+        "(Fl/n)x = 0.244 kN\n",
+        "(Fl/n)y = 0.026 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.2 Page No : 155"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "V1x = 100.       \t#ft/sec\n",
+      "V2x = 0.866*95\n",
+      "V1y = 0.\n",
+      "V2y = .5*95\n",
+      "A1 = 0.0218 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q = A1*V1x\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "Fx = rho*Q*(V2x-V1x)\n",
+      "Fxr = -Fx\n",
+      "Fy = rho*Q*(V2y-V1y)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Horizontal force on the blade  =  %.1f lb\"%(Fxr)\n",
+      "print \" Vertical force on the blade  =  %.f lb\"%(Fy)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Horizontal force on the blade  =  75.0 lb\n",
+        " Vertical force on the blade  =  201 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.3 Page No : 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "v2 = 36.         \t#fps\n",
+      "beta = 150.      \t#degrees\n",
+      "u = 60.          \t#velocity - fps\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "Qd = 0.0218\n",
+      "V1 = 100.        \t#fps\n",
+      "gam = 62.4\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "v2s = v2*math.sin(math.radians(beta))\n",
+      "v2c = u+v2*math.cos(math.radians(beta))\n",
+      "V2 = 34.     \t#fps\n",
+      "alpha = 32 \t    #degrees\n",
+      "Fx = rho*Qd*(v2c-V1)*(V1-u)\n",
+      "Fy = -rho*Qd*(V1-u)*v2s\n",
+      "Fx2 = rho*Qd*V1*(v2c-V1)\n",
+      "HPin = gam*Qd*V1*(V1**2 /(2*g))/550\n",
+      "HPout = gam*Qd*V1*(V2**2 /(2*g))/550\n",
+      "HPtransfer = -Fx2*u/550\n",
+      "HPfl = HPin-HPout-HPtransfer\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Force exerted by water on the vane  =  %d lb\"%(Fx2)\n",
+      "print \" Friction loss  =  %.1f hp \"%(HPfl)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Force exerted by water on the vane  =  -301 lb\n",
+        " Friction loss  =  1.1 hp \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.4 Page No : 162"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z1 = 35. \t#ft\n",
+      "z3 = 20. \t#ft\n",
+      "P1 = 30. \t#psi\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "z2 = 10. \t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = 4. \t#in\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "be = 20. \t#degrees\n",
+      "W = 150. \t#lb\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V3 =  math.sqrt(2*g*(P1*144/55 + z1-z3))\n",
+      "Q = 3.81 \t#cfs\n",
+      "V2 = 43.6 \t#fps\n",
+      "P2 = round(55*(z3+ V3**2/(2*g) - z2 - V2**2/(2*g))/144,1)\n",
+      "Fx = round(P2*math.pi/4 *d2**2 - rho*55/62.4 *Q*(V3*math.cos(math.radians(be)) - V2) )\n",
+      "Fy = rho*55/62.4 *Q*(V3*math.sin(math.radians(be)) ) + W\n",
+      "Fres = math.sqrt(Fx**2 + Fy**2)\n",
+      "Fsx = rho*Q*55/62.4*(V3*math.cos(math.radians(be)) )\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print \" resultant force  =  %.f lb\"%(Fy)\n",
+      "print \" horizontal component of force  =  %d lb\"%(Fsx)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " resultant force  =  323 lb\n",
+        " horizontal component of force  =  475 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.5 Page No : 168"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "omega = 300. \t#rpm\n",
+      "r1 = 1.6 \t    #ft\n",
+      "Q = 120. \t    #cfs\n",
+      "z = 0.8     \t#ft\n",
+      "beta1 = 80. \t#degrees\n",
+      "r2 = 1.      \t#ft\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "gam = 62.4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print (\"part a\")\n",
+      "u1 = round((2*math.pi/60)*omega*r1,1)\n",
+      "Vr1 = round(Q/(2*math.pi*r1*z),2)\n",
+      "v1 = round(Vr1/math.sin(math.radians(beta1)),2)\n",
+      "v2c = round(v1*math.cos(math.radians(beta1)),1)\n",
+      "V1c = round(u1+v2c,1)\n",
+      "u2 = round((2*math.pi/60)*omega*r2,1)\n",
+      "Vr2 = round(Vr1*(r1/r2),1)\n",
+      "beta2 = Vr2/u2   \n",
+      "beta = 37.2\n",
+      "print \"required Blade angle  =  %.1f degrees\"%(180-beta)\n",
+      "print (\"part b\")\n",
+      "T = round(rho*Q*(r1*V1c),-2)\n",
+      "power = round(T*u2,-3)\n",
+      "print \"Torque exerted  =  %d ft lb/s\"%(power)\n",
+      "print (\"part c\")\n",
+      "h2 = round(u1*V1c/g,1)\n",
+      "Power = round(gam*Q*h2,-3)\n",
+      "print \"Torque exerted  =  %d ft lb/s\"%(Power)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "part a\n",
+        "required Blade angle  =  142.8 degrees\n",
+        "part b\n",
+        "Torque exerted  =  619000 ft lb/s\n",
+        "part c\n",
+        "Torque exerted  =  619000 ft lb/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.6 Page No : 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "V1 = 150.*44/30\n",
+      "Q = 20000./2\n",
+      "d = 6.5 \t    #diameter - ft\n",
+      "rho = 0.072\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = math.pi/4 *(d)**2\n",
+      "V = int(Q/A)\n",
+      "dV = 2*(V-V1)\n",
+      "Ft = round(rho/32.2 *Q*2*dV,-1)\n",
+      "eta = round(1/(1+ dV/(2*V1)),2)\n",
+      "dP = Ft/2 /(math.pi/4) /d**2\n",
+      "hpp = Q*dP/550\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"pressure rise  =  %d psf\"%(dP)\n",
+      "print \" horsepower input  =  %d hp \"%(round(hpp,-1))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "pressure rise  =  109 psf\n",
+        " horsepower input  =  1980 hp \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.7 Page No : 175"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "V1 = 8.02 \t#fps\n",
+      "V2 = 16.04 \t#fps\n",
+      "Q = 481. \t#cfs\n",
+      "rho = 1.94\n",
+      "A = 10*6\n",
+      "d = 3.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fx = 62.4*d*A - 62.4*d/2 *A/2 - rho*Q*(V2-V1)\n",
+      "V1m = 2.56 \t#m/s\n",
+      "V2m = 5.12 \t#m/s\n",
+      "Qm = 15.4 \t#m**2/s\n",
+      "dm = 1\n",
+      "Am = 2*3\n",
+      "rhom = 1\n",
+      "Fxm = 9.81*dm*Am - 9.81*dm/2 *Am/2 - rhom*Qm*(V2m-V1m)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Force in x- direction  =  %d lb\"%(Fx)\n",
+      "print \"Force in x- direction  =  %.1f kN\"%(Fxm)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Force in x- direction  =  940 lb\n",
+        "Force in x- direction  =  4.7 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch7.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7716aa43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:cffb7499e644cbe142eb25461633ec2cdaafe8ff11e84d4c7e11093fb9322221"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7 : Similitude and Dimensional Analysis"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2 Page No : 192"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Dratio = 8.\n",
+      "mu = 0.0006\n",
+      "rho = 52/32.2\n",
+      "vm = 1.22*10**-5 \t# lbs/ft**2\n",
+      "V = 45.             # velocity - fps\n",
+      "Fm = 0.8\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "vp = round(mu/rho,7)\n",
+      "Vm = vm*V/(Dratio*vp)\n",
+      "Fratio = rho*V**2 /(1.94*Vm**2 *Dratio**2)\n",
+      "Fp = Fratio*Fm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"velocity  =  %.2f fps\"%(Vm)\n",
+      "print \" Drag force  =  %d lb\"%(Fp)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : The answer given in textbook for vp is wrong. Hence, the difference in answers\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "velocity  =  0.18 fps\n",
+        " Drag force  =  617 lb\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3 Page No : 195"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "L = 50.\n",
+      "Fm = 0.02 \t#N\n",
+      "Vm = 1. \t#m/s\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fp = L**3 *Fm \n",
+      "Fp = Fp*0.2248\n",
+      "Vp = math.sqrt(L) *Vm\n",
+      "Vp = Vp*3.28\n",
+      "Hp = Fp*Vp/550\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Required horsepower  =  %.1f hp\"%(Hp)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Required horsepower  =  23.7 hp\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch8.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03491869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b340580fbd227dce130b380a32e6ef916d9ee3613549fbd41c895ab6ef6ec7e3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8 : Steady Incompressible Flow in Pressure Conduits"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1 Page No : 205"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "s = 0.85\n",
+      "v = 1.8*10**-5 \t#m**2 /s\n",
+      "d = 10.          \t#cm\n",
+      "flow = 0.5 \t        #L/s\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q = flow*10**3\n",
+      "A = math.pi*d**2 /4\n",
+      "V = Q/A\n",
+      "V = V/10**2\n",
+      "R = d*10**-2 *V/v\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"reynolds number  =  %.f. Hence the flow is laminar\"%(R)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "reynolds number  =  354. Hence the flow is laminar\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2 Page No : 212"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Vc = 12.7 \t#cm/s\n",
+      "r = 2.   \t#cm\n",
+      "r2 = 5.  \t#cm\n",
+      "R = 354.\n",
+      "rho = 0.85\n",
+      "V = 6.37 \t#cm/s\n",
+      "D = 0.1 \t#m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "k = Vc/r2**2\n",
+      "f = 64/R\n",
+      "T0 = f/4 *rho*V**2 /2\n",
+      "T02 = T0/10\n",
+      "hr = f*(V*10**-2)**2 /(2*9.81*D)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Friction factor  =  %.2f\"%(f)\n",
+      "print \" Shear stress at the pipe wall  =  %.3f N/m**2\"%(T02)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss per pipe length  =  %.5f m/m\"%(hr)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Friction factor  =  0.18\n",
+        " Shear stress at the pipe wall  =  0.078 N/m**2\n",
+        " Head loss per pipe length  =  0.00037 m/m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3 Page No : 222"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 2. \n",
+      "A = 0.196    \t#cm**2\n",
+      "D = 0.5 \t    #ft\n",
+      "rho = 0.9*1.94\n",
+      "mu = 0.0008 \t#viscosity - lb s/ft**2\n",
+      "hl = 25.\n",
+      "g = 32.2 \t    #ft/sec**2\n",
+      "L = 200. \t    #ft\n",
+      "r = 2.   \t    #in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/A\n",
+      "R = D*V*rho/mu\n",
+      "f = hl*D*2*g/(L*V**2)\n",
+      "umax = V*(1+1.33*math.sqrt(f))\n",
+      "T0 = f*rho*V**2 /8\n",
+      "u2 = umax - 5.75* math.sqrt(T0/rho) *math.log10(D*12/r)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Center line velocity  =  %.1f fps\"%(umax)\n",
+      "print \" Shear stress  =  %.2f lb/ft**2\"%(T0)\n",
+      "print \" Velcoity at 2 in from center line  =  %.2f fps\"%(u2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Center line velocity  =  12.9 fps\n",
+        " Shear stress  =  0.88 lb/ft**2\n",
+        " Velcoity at 2 in from center line  =  10.93 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4 Page No : 228"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "f = 0.0131\n",
+      "d = 0.5 \t#m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = 2.12 \t#m/s\n",
+      "R = 10**6\n",
+      "Q = math.pi*d**2 /4 *V \n",
+      "d1 = 32.8*10**-6 /(V* math.sqrt(f))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"flow rate  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" nominal thickness  =  %.3e m\"%(d1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "flow rate  =  0.416 m**3/s\n",
+        " nominal thickness  =  1.352e-04 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5 Page No : 241"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dz = 260. \t#ft\n",
+      "ke = 0.5\n",
+      "f = 0.02\n",
+      "l = 5000. \t#length of pipe - ft\n",
+      "D = 10. \t#in\n",
+      "A2 = 0.545\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2by2g = dz/(1 + ke + f*l/(D/12))\n",
+      "V2 = V2by2g*2*32.2\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt(V2)\n",
+      "DV = D*V\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *(D/12)**2 *V\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  6.40 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6 Page No : 242"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z = 260. \t#ft\n",
+      "f = 0.02\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2by2g = z/(1.11*256 + 6000*f)\n",
+      "V2 = V2by2g*2*32.2\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt(V2)\n",
+      "Q = 0.545*V\n",
+      "V3 = 16*V\n",
+      "H = z-f*6000*V2by2g\n",
+      "V3 = 16*V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"rate of discharge  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \"V3 = %.1f fps\"%V3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rate of discharge  =  3.51 cfs\n",
+        "V3 = 103.0 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7 Page No : 246"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 52.\n",
+      "Hp = 2.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q = 3.48 \t#cfs\n",
+      "V6 = 3.48/0.196\n",
+      "P = -20.9 \t#ft\n",
+      "P2 = P*(g/144)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.2f cfs\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure in the pipe  =  %.2f psi\"%(P2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  3.48 cfs\n",
+        " Pressure in the pipe  =  -7.55 psi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No : 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "h = 10. \t#m\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "f1 = 0.019\n",
+      "f2 = 0.021\n",
+      "f3 = 0.020\n",
+      "z1 = 300. \t#m\n",
+      "z2 = 150. \t#m\n",
+      "z3 = 250. \t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.3 \t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.2 \t#m\n",
+      "d3 = 0.25 \t#m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print (\"part(a)\")\n",
+      "Vbyg = h/(f1*z1/d1 +f2*z2/d2 *(d1/d2)**4 + f3*z3/d3 *(d1/d3)**4)\n",
+      "V1 = math.sqrt(2*g*Vbyg)\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *d1**2 *V1\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print ('Part(b)')\n",
+      "Le2 = z2*f2/f1 *(d1/d2)**5\n",
+      "Le3 = z3*f3/f1 *(d1/d3)**5\n",
+      "Le1 = z1\n",
+      "Le = Le1+Le2+Le3\n",
+      "V1byg = h*d1/Le/f1\n",
+      "V2 = math.sqrt(2*g*V1byg)\n",
+      "Q1 = math.pi/4 *d1**2 *V2\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "part(a)\n",
+        " Flow rate  =  0.084 m**3/s\n",
+        "Part(b)\n",
+        " Flow rate  =  0.084 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9 Page No : 252"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d1 = 6./12 \t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = 4./12 \t#ft\n",
+      "d3 = 8./12 \t#ft\n",
+      "l1 = 2000. \t#ft\n",
+      "l2 = 1600. \t#ft\n",
+      "l3 = 4000. \t#ft\n",
+      "f1 = 0.020\n",
+      "f2 = 0.032\n",
+      "f3 = 0.024\n",
+      "El1 = 200.\n",
+      "El2 = 50.\n",
+      "El3 = 120.\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vc = math.sqrt(2*g*(El1-El2)/288.9)\n",
+      "Qc = math.pi/4 *d3**2 *Vc\n",
+      "Va = 1.346*Vc\n",
+      "Qa = math.pi/4 *d1**2 *Va\n",
+      "Vb = (d3**2 *Vc - d1**2 *Va)/d2**2\n",
+      "Qb = math.pi/4 *d2**2 *Vb\n",
+      "P = 62.4/144 *(El1 - El3 - f1*l1/d1 *Va**2 /(2*g))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flowrate at A  =  %.3f cfs\"%(Qa)\n",
+      "print \"Flowrate at B  =  %.3f cfs\"%(Qb)\n",
+      "print \"Flowrate at C  =  %.3f cfs\"%(Qc)\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at P  =  %.2f psi\"%(P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flowrate at A  =  1.528 cfs\n",
+        "Flowrate at B  =  0.490 cfs\n",
+        "Flowrate at C  =  2.018 cfs\n",
+        "Pressure at P  =  2.06 psi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch9.ipynb b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..569ffde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/ch9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e6f28e03dfd837b5aed00ee85654c1040a3b0c8129a67f41e8f2e4ba487b8f35"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9 : Steady Flow of Compressible Fluids"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1 Page No : 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "T2 = 30. \t#C\n",
+      "T1 = 20. \t#C\n",
+      "cv = 716.\n",
+      "m = 15. \t#kg\n",
+      "cp = 1003.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "di = cv*(T2-T1)\n",
+      "dU = di*m\n",
+      "dh = cp*(T2-T1)\n",
+      "dH = dh*m\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Change in Internal energy  =  %d N m\"%(dU)\n",
+      "print \" Change in Enthalpy  =  %d Nm\"%(round(dH,-3))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Change in Internal energy  =  107400 N m\n",
+        " Change in Enthalpy  =  150000 Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2 Page No : 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "cv = 716.\n",
+      "m = 15. \t#kg\n",
+      "cp = 1003.\n",
+      "T1 = 20.+273 \t#K\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "ratio = 0.4\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "T2 = int((T1)*(1/ratio)**(k-1))\n",
+      "P1 = 95. \t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "P2 = int(P1*T2/(T1)/ratio)\n",
+      "di = round(cv*(T2-T1),-2)\n",
+      "dU = di*m\n",
+      "dh = round(cp*(T2-T1),-2)\n",
+      "dH = dh*m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Final temperature  =  %d K\"%(T2)\n",
+      "print \" Final pressure  =  %d kN/m**2\"%(P2)\n",
+      "print \" Change in Internal energy  =  %d N m\"%(dU)\n",
+      "print \" Change in Enthalpy  =  %d Nm\"%(dH)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error.please check.\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Final temperature  =  422 K\n",
+        " Final pressure  =  342 kN/m**2\n",
+        " Change in Internal energy  =  1386000 N m\n",
+        " Change in Enthalpy  =  1941000 Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3 Page No : 271"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "R = 1773.\n",
+      "v = 600. \t#fps\n",
+      "T = 660. \t#K\n",
+      "P = 100. \t#psia\n",
+      "cp = 6210.\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "c = math.sqrt(k*R*T)\n",
+      "M = v/c\n",
+      "rho = k*P*144/c**2\n",
+      "Ps = P*144 + 0.5*(rho)*v**2 *(1+ 0.25*M**2)\n",
+      "Ts =  (cp/g *T + v**2 /(2*g))*g/cp\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Stagnation pressure  =  %d lb/ft**2\"%(Ps)\n",
+      "print \" Stagnation temperature  =  %.f R\"%(Ts)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note :Please check the units of the answer.\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Stagnation pressure  =  16736 lb/ft**2\n",
+        " Stagnation temperature  =  689 R\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.4 Page No : 275"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "A = 0.0218 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "P1 = 25.6 \t#psia\n",
+      "T1 = 540. \t#K\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "R = 1715.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "G = g*A*P1*144/math.sqrt(T1) *math.sqrt(k/R *(2/(k+1))**((k+1)/(k-1)))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate   =  %.2f lb/s\"%(G)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate   =  1.84 lb/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 Page No : 278"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P1 = 50.    \t#psia\n",
+      "T1 = 540.   \t#K\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "R = 1715.\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "P3 = 13.5 \t    #psia\n",
+      "A2 = 0.0218 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "cp = 6000.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pc = 0.528*P1\n",
+      "V32 = round(R*T1/g *k/(k-1) *(1- (P3/P1)**((k-1)/k)),-2)\n",
+      "V3 = round(math.sqrt(V32*2*g),-1)\n",
+      "G3 = g*A2*P1*144/math.sqrt(T1) *math.sqrt(k/R *(2/(k+1))**((k+1)/(k-1)))\n",
+      "T3 =  T1 - V3**2 /(2*cp) \n",
+      "gam3 =  g*P3*144/(R*T3)\n",
+      "gam2 =  (Pc/P3 *gam3**k )**(1/k)\n",
+      "V2 = G3/gam2/A2\n",
+      "T2 =  (V3**2 -V2**2)/(2*cp) + T3\n",
+      "A3 = G3/gam3/V3\n",
+      "D3 =  math.sqrt(4/math.pi *A3)\n",
+      "G2 = G3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \" velocity at section 3  =  %d fps\"%(V3)\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate at section 3  =  %.3f lb/s\"%(G3)\n",
+      "print \" temperature at section 3   =  %d R\"%(T3)\n",
+      "print \" velocity at section 2  =  %d fps\"%(V2)\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate at section 2  =  %.3f lb/s\"%(G2)\n",
+      "print \" temperature at section 2   =  %d R\"%(T2)\n",
+      "print \" Required Diameter  =  %.2f in\"%(D3*12)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# book anwers are wrong. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " velocity at section 3  =  1420 fps\n",
+        " Flow rate at section 3  =  3.596 lb/s\n",
+        " temperature at section 3   =  371 R\n",
+        " velocity at section 2  =  1041 fps\n",
+        " Flow rate at section 2  =  3.596 lb/s\n",
+        " temperature at section 2   =  449 R\n",
+        " Required Diameter  =  2.18 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6 Page No : 281"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P1 = 10.     \t#psia\n",
+      "T1 = 460+40. \t#R\n",
+      "R = 1715.\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "V1 = 1400.   \t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "rho1 = P1/(R*T1)\n",
+      "c1 = math.sqrt(k*R*T1)\n",
+      "M1 = V1/c1\n",
+      "P2 =  P1 * (2*k*M1**2  - (k-1))/(k+1)\n",
+      "V2  = V1*((k-1)*M1**2 +2)/((k+1)*M1**2) \n",
+      "rho2 = rho1*V1/V2\n",
+      "T2 = P2/rho2/R\n",
+      "P22 = 122.5\n",
+      "V22 = 286\n",
+      "T22 = 328\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at point 2  =  %.1f psia and %.1f N/m**2\"%(P2,P22)\n",
+      "print \" Velocity at point 2  =  %d fps and %d m/s\"%(V2,V22)\n",
+      "print \" Temperature at point 2  =  %d R and %d K\"%(T2,T22)\n",
+      "print (\"Similarly it can be done for SI units\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : ronding off error. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure at point 2  =  17.4 psia and 122.5 N/m**2\n",
+        " Velocity at point 2  =  947 fps and 286 m/s\n",
+        " Temperature at point 2  =  588 R and 328 K\n",
+        "Similarly it can be done for SI units\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.7 Page No : 286"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "A = 140. \t#in**2\n",
+      "P = 48. \t#lb/in**2\n",
+      "mu = 3.78*10**-7\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "G = 100. \t#lb/s\n",
+      "p = 80. \t#lb/in**2\n",
+      "T = 65.+460 \t#R\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "R = 1715.\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rh = A/P /12\n",
+      "R1 = G*4*Rh/ (mu*g*A/144)\n",
+      "R2 = R1\n",
+      "f = 0.0083\n",
+      "gam1 = p*g*144/(R*T)\n",
+      "V1 = G*144/gam1/A\n",
+      "c = math.sqrt(k*R*T)\n",
+      "M1 = V1/c\n",
+      "M2 = 1/math.sqrt(k)\n",
+      "D = 4*Rh\n",
+      "L =  ((1-M1**2 /M2**2)/(k*M1**2) - 2*math.log(M2/M1) )*D/f\n",
+      "Ln = 500 \t#ft\n",
+      "P2 = math.sqrt((p*144)**2 - G**2 *R*T/(g**2 *(A/144)**2 *f*Ln/D))\n",
+      "Pa = 12.2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Max. length  =  %d ft\"%(round(L,-1))\n",
+      "print \" Pressure required  =  %.1f psia\"%(P2/144 -Pa)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Max. length  =  1260 ft\n",
+        " Pressure required  =  67.1 psia\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.8 Page No : 287"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "G = 100. \t#lb/s\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "V2 = 300. \t#fps\n",
+      "V1 = 250. \t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Qh =  (V2**2 -V1**2)/(2*g)\n",
+      "Q = Qh*G\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Thermal energy added  =  %.2f ft lb/s\"%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Thermal energy added  =  42701.86 ft lb/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.9 Page No : 290"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "gam1 = 0.41\n",
+      "g = 32.2\n",
+      "V1 = 250. \t#fps\n",
+      "R1 = 8.2*10**6\n",
+      "f = 0.0083\n",
+      "A = 0.97 \t#ft**2\n",
+      "G = 100. \t#lb/s\n",
+      "k = 1.4\n",
+      "P = 80. \t#pressure - psia\n",
+      "ratio = 0.8\n",
+      "R = 1715\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "rho1 = gam1/g\n",
+      "X  =  G**2 /(gam1*A)**2 + 2*k/(k-1) *(P*144/rho1)\n",
+      "P2 = (k-1)/2/k *(X*ratio*rho1 - G**2 /(g**2 *A**2 *ratio*rho1))\n",
+      "L = 563 \t#ft\n",
+      "rho2 = ratio*rho1\n",
+      "V2 = G/(rho2*g*A)\n",
+      "T2 = P2/(rho2*R)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print \"Length  =  %d ft\"%(L)\n",
+      "print \" velocity  =  %.f fps\"%(V2)\n",
+      "print \" Temperature  =  %d R\"%(T2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Length  =  563 ft\n",
+        " velocity  =  314 fps\n",
+        " Temperature  =  524 R\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/15ImpulseTurbines.png b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/15ImpulseTurbines.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf44e2d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/15ImpulseTurbines.png
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/1PropertiesOfFluids.png b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/1PropertiesOfFluids.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da69b6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/1PropertiesOfFluids.png
diff --git a/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/8.png b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/8.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21921d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Fluid_Mechanics_With_Engineering_Applications/screenshots/8.png
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter1.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1a0ed0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:f3ff9d889b7b7951c347d942d053d9fde4d57e52c21d53b779e2930b738a9f69"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 1: Introduction"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Hello World\"\n",
+      "print \"Bye.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hello World\n",
+        "Bye\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "Print \"Hello World\"\n",
+      "#This program will give error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "SyntaxError",
+       "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-2-9028d474ee90>, line 1)",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-2-9028d474ee90>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    Print \"Hello World\"\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                      ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Hello World\"\n",
+      "print \"Bye.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hello World\n",
+        "Bye.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Hello World\";print \"Bye.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hello World\n",
+        "Bye.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"\\\n",
+      "    Hello World\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\\n",
+      "    Bye.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "    Hello World\n",
+        "    Bye.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter10.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f65d8afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,913 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:32b969a4e6c7c3e26cae81dfc07a38f907135ecba42af43e2cfc7a389c8e7205"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10: Files"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 372"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"outfile1.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "fp.write(str(i))\n",
+      "fp.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 22\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 372"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"outfile2.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"string written to file\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"c\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 372"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"outfile1.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "l = fp.readline()\n",
+      "print \"The integer in outfile1.txt is \", l"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The integer in outfile1.txt is  22\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1, page no. 374"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"sturec\", \"w\")\n",
+      "print \"Enter student's name and mark: \"\n",
+      "print \"Use 'q' to stop entry\"\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    name = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if name == 'q':\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    marks = raw_input()\n",
+      "    fp.write(name+','+marks+'\\n')\n",
+      "fp.close()\n",
+      "fp = open(\"sturec\", \"r\")\n",
+      "print \"Name\\tMark\"\n",
+      "print \"------------\"\n",
+      "lines = fp.readlines()\n",
+      "for line in lines:\n",
+      "    line = line.split(',')\n",
+      "    print line[0], '\\t', line[1]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter student's name and mark: \n",
+        "Use 'q' to stop entry\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "vivek\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "87\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rajkumar\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "anand\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "67\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "babu\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "teja\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "90\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "q\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Name\tMark\n",
+        "------------\n",
+        "vivek \t87\n",
+        "\n",
+        "rajkumar \t98\n",
+        "\n",
+        "anand \t67\n",
+        "\n",
+        "babu \t45\n",
+        "\n",
+        "teja \t90\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2, page no. 376"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"str.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "print \"Enter characters \"\n",
+      "print \"Use 'q' to stop entry\"\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    char = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if char == 'q':\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    fp.write(char)\n",
+      "fp.close()\n",
+      "fp = open(\"str.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "lines = fp.readlines()\n",
+      "count = 1\n",
+      "string = ''\n",
+      "for line in lines:\n",
+      "    print line,\n",
+      "    string += line\n",
+      "print \"\\nNumber of characters in the file: \", len(string)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter characters \n",
+        "Use 'q' to stop entry\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "I\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "w\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "t\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "h\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "e\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "t\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "l\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "k\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "t\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "h\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "e\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "o\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "u\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "e\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        ".\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "q\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "I saw the cat click the mouse. \n",
+        "Number of characters in the file:  30\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3, page no. 378"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "fp = open(\"class.rec\", \"w\")\n",
+      "print \"Enter the register number, name and mark: \"\n",
+      "print \"Use 'q' to stop entry\"\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    reg_no = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if reg_no == 'q':\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    name = raw_input()\n",
+      "    marks = raw_input()\n",
+      "    fp.write(reg_no+','+name+','+marks+'\\n')\n",
+      "fp.close()\n",
+      "fp = open(\"class.rec\", \"r\")\n",
+      "lines = fp.readlines()\n",
+      "for line in lines:\n",
+      "    line = line.split(',')\n",
+      "    print line[0], '\\t', line[1], '\\t\\t', line[2]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the register number, name and mark: \n",
+        "Use 'q' to stop entry\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4005\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "babu\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "85\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4007\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rajkumar\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4012\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "raju\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "77\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4028\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "teja\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "93\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4029\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "vivek\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "87\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "q\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4005 \tbabu \t\t85\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4007 \trajkumar \t\t98\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4012 \traju \t\t77\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4028 \tteja \t\t93\n",
+        "\n",
+        "4029 \tvivek \t\t87\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4, page no. 381"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import os\n",
+      "import sys\n",
+      "fp = open(\"class.rec\", \"r\")\n",
+      "fp.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)\n",
+      "size = fp.tell()\n",
+      "print \"The file class.rec is of \",  size, \" bytes\"\n",
+      "fp.seek(0)\n",
+      "lines = fp.readlines()\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    i = int(raw_input(\"Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): \"))\n",
+      "    if i == 0:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    fp.seek(0)\n",
+      "    counter = 0\n",
+      "    for line in lines:\n",
+      "        counter += 1\n",
+      "        if counter == i:\n",
+      "            print line.split(\",\")[0], line.split(\",\")[1], line.split(\",\")[2]\n",
+      "            break"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The file class.rec is of  70  bytes\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4005 babu 85\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4007 rajkumar 98\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4012 raju 77\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4028 teja 93\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the record no. to read(0 to stop): 0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8, page no. 384"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#The example will remain same as above"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example fwrite.c, page no. 390"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of buffered write. We will do it normally\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fp = open(\"testbuf.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"1. This is fwrite\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"2. this is write\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#rest of the examples in the chapters deal with command line arguments which is not possible in IPython Notebook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter11.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b5d4e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1993 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e3b54ab088a42a68b5666c432cb7bb7b24f6ac5896dfbd8ae6cf469e8bea26f9"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11: Dynamic Memory Allocation\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 407"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "g = 50\n",
+      "def func(p):\n",
+      "    s = 200\n",
+      "    i = 10\n",
+      "    print i, s\n",
+      "a = 1\n",
+      "print a\n",
+      "print g\n",
+      "func(-16)\n",
+      "print \"over!\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n",
+        "50\n",
+        "10 200\n",
+        "over!\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 409"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of malloc & free in Python\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"How many elements?: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "ary = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the elements: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    ary.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"The entered array is: \"\n",
+      "for ele in ary:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "How many elements?: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The entered array is: \n",
+        "1 2 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.1, page no. 412"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "marks = []\n",
+      "size = 3\n",
+      "n = 0\n",
+      "print \"Enter marks (-1 to stop: )\"\n",
+      "mark = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "while mark != -1:\n",
+      "    if n >= size:\n",
+      "        print \"realloc 3 more integers...\"\n",
+      "        size += 3\n",
+      "    marks.append(mark)\n",
+      "    mark = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    n += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for mark in marks:\n",
+      "    print mark,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter marks (-1 to stop: )\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "60\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "70\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "realloc 3 more integers...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "80\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "90\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "100\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "realloc 3 more integers...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12 50 60 70 80 90 100\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.2, page no. 413"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Rows: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"Columns: \"))\n",
+      "mat = numpy.zeros((n, m))\n",
+      "print \"Input the elements: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(m):\n",
+      "        mat[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Input two rows to swap: \"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "mat[i], mat[j] = mat[j], mat[i]\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(m):\n",
+      "        print mat[i][j],\n",
+      "    print \"\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rows: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Columns: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two rows to swap: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 \n",
+        "6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 0.0 \n",
+        "2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3, page no. 415"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def get(x, r, c):\n",
+      "    for i in range(r):\n",
+      "        for j in range(c):\n",
+      "            x[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "def display(x, r, c):\n",
+      "    for i in range(r):\n",
+      "        for j in range(c):\n",
+      "            print x[i][j],\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "def mul(a, b, c, row, m, col):\n",
+      "    for i in range(row):\n",
+      "        for j in range(col):\n",
+      "            c[i][j] = 0\n",
+      "            for k in range(m):\n",
+      "               c[i][j] = c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j]\n",
+      "    return c\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((30, 30))            \n",
+      "b = numpy.zeros((30, 30))            \n",
+      "c = numpy.zeros((30, 30))            \n",
+      "print \"Size of matrix A: \"\n",
+      "r1 = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "c1 = int(raw_input(\"col: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Size of matrix B: \"\n",
+      "r2 = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "c2 = int(raw_input(\"col: \"))\n",
+      "if c1 != r2:\n",
+      "    print \"Multiplication not possible.\"\n",
+      "    print \"columns of matrix A are not equal\"\n",
+      "    print \"to rows of Matrix B\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Multiplication possible\"\n",
+      "    print \"Matrix A(%d X %d) elements?\" %(r1, c1)\n",
+      "    a = get(a, r1, c1)\n",
+      "    print \"Matrix B(%d X %d) elements?\" %(r2, c2)\n",
+      "    b = get(a, r1, c1)\n",
+      "    c = mul(a, b, c, r1, c1, c2)\n",
+      "    print \"Product matrix C(%d X %d): \" %(r1, c2)\n",
+      "    display (c, r1, c2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of matrix A: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "col: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of matrix B: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "col: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplication possible\n",
+        "Matrix A(3 X 4) elements?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "11\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Matrix B(4 X 3) elements?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "11\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Product matrix C(3 X 3): \n",
+        "38.0 44.0 50.0 \n",
+        "98.0 116.0 134.0 \n",
+        "158.0 188.0 218.0 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exmaple 11.4, page no. 419"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data=0, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def add_front(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp.link = start\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_pos(pos):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (pos == 0):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    count = 1\n",
+      "    while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(count == pos):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        count += 1\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element at %d position\" %pos\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def del_elem(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (start.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.link.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = q.link;\n",
+      "        q.link = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element whose value is %d\" %data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display_list():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    print \"\\nThe List is...\"\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        print q.data,\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_data():\n",
+      "    data = int(raw_input(\"Enter the data: \"))\n",
+      "    return data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert at the beginning of the list\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete an element at a give position\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Delete an element with a give value\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice =int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        add_front(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the position:\"\n",
+      "        pos = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        del_pos(pos)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        del_elem(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    display_list()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "2 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "3 2 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the position:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "3 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "2 3 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "1 2 3 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "5 1 2 3 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the position:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "5 1 2 3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      }
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.5, page no. 424"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def bubble(x, upbound):\n",
+      "    pas = upbound\n",
+      "    while pas >= 0:\n",
+      "        for i in range(pas):\n",
+      "            if x[i] > x[i+1]:\n",
+      "                x[i], x[i+1] = x[i+1], x[i]\n",
+      "        pas -= 1\n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "vector = []\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Size of array? \"))\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    vector.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "vector = bubble(vector, n-1)\n",
+      "print \"Sorted array \"\n",
+      "for ele in vector:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of array? 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "62\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "88\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sorted array \n",
+        "0 1 5 12 34 62 88 98\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.6, page no. 425"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "s1 = raw_input(\"Enter string one \")\n",
+      "s2 = raw_input(\"Enter string two \")\n",
+      "print \"Concatenated string is: \", s1+s2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter string one Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter string two .V.\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Concatenated string is:  Tejaswi.V.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.7, page no. 425"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def sort_strings(strarr):\n",
+      "    return sorted(strarr)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Number of strings: \"))\n",
+      "str_array = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the strings: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    str_array.append(raw_input())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "strarr = sort_strings(str_array)\n",
+      "print \"The sorted array is\"\n",
+      "for string in strarr:\n",
+      "    print string"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of strings: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the strings: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Anand\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rajkumar\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maya\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sudeep\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The sorted array is\n",
+        "Anand\n",
+        "Maya\n",
+        "Rajkumar\n",
+        "Sudeep\n",
+        "Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.8, page no. 427"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data=0, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def add_front(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp.link = start\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_pos(pos):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (pos == 0):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    count = 1\n",
+      "    while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(count == pos):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        count += 1\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element at %d position\" %pos\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def del_elem(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (start.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.link.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = q.link;\n",
+      "        q.link = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element whose value is %d\" %data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display_list():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    print \"\\nThe List is...\"\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        print q.data,\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def smallest():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    min = q.data\n",
+      "    pos = 0\n",
+      "    min_pos = 0\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        if q.data < min:\n",
+      "            min = q.data\n",
+      "            mis_pos = pos\n",
+      "        pos += 1\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    return min, min_pos+1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def largest():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    max = q.data\n",
+      "    pos = 0\n",
+      "    max_pos = 0\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        if q.data > max:\n",
+      "            max = q.data\n",
+      "            max_pos = pos\n",
+      "        pos += 1\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    return max, max_pos+1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_data():\n",
+      "    data = int(raw_input(\"Enter the data: \"))\n",
+      "    return data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert at the beginning of the list\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete an element at a give position\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Delete an element with a give value\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Find smallest in the list\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Find largest in the list\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice =int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        add_front(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the position:\"\n",
+      "        pos = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        del_pos(pos)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        del_elem(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        min, pos = smallest()\n",
+      "        print \"The smallest element has value \", min\n",
+      "        print \"Its position is \", pos\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        max, pos = largest()\n",
+      "        print \"The largest element has value \", max\n",
+      "        print \"Its position is \", pos\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    display_list()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The smallest element has value  34\n",
+        "Its position is  1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The largest element has value  56\n",
+        "Its position is  3\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "3 45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 80\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "80 3 45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the position:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "There is no element at 9 position\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "80 3 45 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the position:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "80 3 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 80\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "3 34 56 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Find smallest in the list\n",
+        "5.Find largest in the list\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter12.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd18aaec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,4076 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:0f4233c9bc3c7a3995f155be01ebee4b829ac86b3935e6b7d37705fb0fea5376"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12: Data Structures"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1, page no. 442"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "arr = numpy.zeros((2, 2, 2))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Reading the elements of an array: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(2):\n",
+      "    for j in range(2):\n",
+      "        for k in range(2):\n",
+      "            arr[i][j][k] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Displaying the elements of an array: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(2):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\t\"\n",
+      "    for j in range(2):\n",
+      "        for k in range(2):\n",
+      "            print \"\\t %3d \" %(arr[i][j][k]),\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\t\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reading the elements of an array: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "25\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "26\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "13\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "71\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Displaying the elements of an array: \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\t\n",
+        "\t  15  \t  25  \n",
+        "\t\n",
+        "\t  26  \t  13  \n",
+        "\t\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\t\n",
+        "\t  71  \t   9  \n",
+        "\t\n",
+        "\t   1  \t   8  \n",
+        "\t\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2, page no. 442"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "str1 = raw_input(\"Input the first string: \")\n",
+      "str2 = raw_input(\"Input the second string: \")\n",
+      "print \"The concatenated string is ...\"\n",
+      "print str1+str2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the first string: Tejaswi \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the second string: Venugopal\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The concatenated string is ...\n",
+        "Tejaswi Venugopal\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3, page no. 443"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class record:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    regno = ''\n",
+      "    avg = 0.0\n",
+      "    rank = 0\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "students = []\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    print \"Processing student %d record...\" %(i+1)\n",
+      "    print \"Student name ?(END to terminate): \"\n",
+      "    stud = record()\n",
+      "    stud.name = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if stud.name == 'END':\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        stud.regno = raw_input(\"Reg. no? \")\n",
+      "        stud.avg = float(raw_input(\"Average marks? \"))\n",
+      "        students.append(stud)\n",
+      "    i+=1\n",
+      "n = i\n",
+      "for i in range(n-1):\n",
+      "    for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
+      "        if students[i].avg < students[j].avg:\n",
+      "            students[i], students[j] = students[j], students[i]\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    students[i].rank = i+1\n",
+      "print \"Student records after assigning ranks: \"\n",
+      "print \"%s%20s%20s%20s\" %(\"Name\",\"REGISTER_NUMBER\",\"AVERAGE\",\"RANK\")\n",
+      "print \"------------------------------------------------------------------\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print students[i].name, \"\\t\\t\", students[i].regno, \"\\t\\t\\t\", students[i].avg, \"\\t\\t\\t\", students[i].rank"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 1 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Asha\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak001\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 67.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 2 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bina\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak003\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 34.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 3 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Anand\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak004\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 67.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 4 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sudeep\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak005\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 78.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 5 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak006\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 89.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 6 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maya\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak007\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 89.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 7 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Prakash\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak008\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 89.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 8 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Raju\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak009\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 82.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 9 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Geetha\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak010\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 85.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 10 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Gopi\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak011\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 45.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 11 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Ganesh\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reg. no? ak012\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average marks? 89.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Processing student 12 record...\n",
+        "Student name ?(END to terminate): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "END\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Student records after assigning ranks: \n",
+        "Name     REGISTER_NUMBER             AVERAGE                RANK\n",
+        "------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
+        "Tejaswi \t\tak006 \t\t\t89.0 \t\t\t1\n",
+        "Maya \t\tak007 \t\t\t89.0 \t\t\t2\n",
+        "Prakash \t\tak008 \t\t\t89.0 \t\t\t3\n",
+        "Ganesh \t\tak012 \t\t\t89.0 \t\t\t4\n",
+        "Geetha \t\tak010 \t\t\t85.0 \t\t\t5\n",
+        "Raju \t\tak009 \t\t\t82.0 \t\t\t6\n",
+        "Sudeep \t\tak005 \t\t\t78.0 \t\t\t7\n",
+        "Anand \t\tak004 \t\t\t67.0 \t\t\t8\n",
+        "Asha \t\tak001 \t\t\t67.0 \t\t\t9\n",
+        "Gopi \t\tak011 \t\t\t45.0 \t\t\t10\n",
+        "Bina \t\tak003 \t\t\t34.0 \t\t\t11\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.4, page no. 446"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "arr = numpy.zeros((3,3))\n",
+      "print \"Reading the elements of 2-D array: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(3):\n",
+      "        arr[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Displaying the elements of 2-D array: \"\n",
+      "p = arr\n",
+      "for i in range(3):\n",
+      "    for j in range(3):\n",
+      "        print \"arr[%d][%d] = %d\" %(i, j, p[i][j]),\n",
+      "        print \"\\tAddress of arr[%d][%d] = %d\" %(i, j, id(p[i][j]))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reading the elements of 2-D array: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Displaying the elements of 2-D array: \n",
+        "arr[0][0] = 1 \tAddress of arr[0][0] = 52403744\n",
+        "arr[0][1] = 2 \tAddress of arr[0][1] = 57791200\n",
+        "arr[0][2] = 3 \tAddress of arr[0][2] = 55892528\n",
+        "arr[1][0] = 4 \tAddress of arr[1][0] = 55892528\n",
+        "arr[1][1] = 5 \tAddress of arr[1][1] = 55892528\n",
+        "arr[1][2] = 6 \tAddress of arr[1][2] = 51486976\n",
+        "arr[2][0] = 7 \tAddress of arr[2][0] = 58587952\n",
+        "arr[2][1] = 8 \tAddress of arr[2][1] = 50218032\n",
+        "arr[2][2] = 9 \tAddress of arr[2][2] = 50218032\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5, page no. 449"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data=0, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def add_front(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp.link = start\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_pos(pos):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (pos == 0):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    count = 1\n",
+      "    while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(count == pos):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        count += 1\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element at %d position\" %pos\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def del_elem(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (start.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.link.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = q.link;\n",
+      "        q.link = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nThere is no element whose value is %d\" %data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display_list():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    print \"\\nThe List is...\"\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        print q.data,\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_data():\n",
+      "    data = int(raw_input(\"Enter the data: \"))\n",
+      "    return data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert at the beginning of the list\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete an element at a give position\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Delete an element with a give value\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice =int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        add_front(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the position:\"\n",
+      "        pos = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        del_pos(pos)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nList empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        del_elem(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    display_list()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "1 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "2 1 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "3 2 1 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "4 3 2 1 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the position:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "4 2 1 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "The List is...\n",
+        "4 2 0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert at the beginning of the list\n",
+        "2.Delete an element at a give position\n",
+        "3.Delete an element with a give value\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.6, page no. 454"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, info=None, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.info = info\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "last = None\n",
+      "class Circular_Linked:\n",
+      "    def create(self, num):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        tmp.info = num\n",
+      "        if (last == None):\n",
+      "            last = tmp\n",
+      "            tmp.link = last\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            tmp.link = last.link\n",
+      "            last.link = tmp\n",
+      "            last = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def insert(self, num, pos):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        for i in range(0, pos-1):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            if (q == last.link):\n",
+      "                print \"There are less than \", pos, \" elements\"\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "        tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "        tmp.info = num\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "        if(q==last):\n",
+      "            last=tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def delete(self):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        if(last == None):\n",
+      "            print \"LIST EMPTY - CANNOT DELETE\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Data item to be deleted:\"\n",
+      "        num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        if( last.link == last and last.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = last\n",
+      "            last = None\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        if(q.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = q\n",
+      "            last.link = q.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        while(q.link != last):\n",
+      "            if(q.link.info == num):\n",
+      "                tmp = q.link\n",
+      "                q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "                print num, \" deleted\"\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        if(q.link.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = last.link\n",
+      "            last = q\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Element not found\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        if(last == None):\n",
+      "            print \"List is empty\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        print \"List is:\"\n",
+      "        while(q != last):\n",
+      "            print q.info,\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        print last.info\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "co = Circular_Linked()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Create Circular Linked List\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Insert an item\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Delete an item\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.STOP\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice:\"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"How many nodes you want:\",\n",
+      "        n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nEnter the element:\",\n",
+      "            m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            co.create(m)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element:\",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the position after which this element is inserted:\",\n",
+      "        po = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        co.insert(m,po)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        co.delete()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Error - Try again\"\n",
+      "    co.display()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "How many nodes you want:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " List is:\n",
+        "1 2 3 4\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "How many nodes you want:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " List is:\n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the position after which this element is inserted:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " List is:\n",
+        "1 0 2 3 4 5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Data item to be deleted:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0  deleted\n",
+        "Element not found\n",
+        "List is:\n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Data item to be deleted:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Element not found\n",
+        "List is:\n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create Circular Linked List\n",
+        "2.Insert an item\n",
+        "3.Delete an item\n",
+        "4.STOP\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.7, page no. 461"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(pu):\n",
+      "    if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "        print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the element to be inserted: \"\n",
+      "        item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        pu.stack.append(item)\n",
+      "        pu.top += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(po):\n",
+      "    if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        item = po.stack[po.top]\n",
+      "        po.top-=1\n",
+      "        print \"The popped element is: %d\" %item\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(pt):\n",
+      "    if(pt.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The element(s) of the stack are: \"\n",
+      "        i = pt.top\n",
+      "        while(i>=0):\n",
+      "            print \"%d\" %pt.stack[i],\n",
+      "            i-=1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ps = stack()\n",
+      "ch = 'y'\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1. Push into the stack\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. View elements of the stack\"\n",
+      "    print \"4. Exit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if(choice == 1):\n",
+      "        push(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 2):\n",
+      "        pop(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 3):\n",
+      "        display(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 4):\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Invalid Choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "67\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The popped element is: 67\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "88\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The element(s) of the stack are: \n",
+        "67 23 12 \n",
+        "1. Push into the stack\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. View elements of the stack\n",
+        "4. Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.8, page no. 463"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(top):\n",
+      "    new = node()\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element to be pushed: \",\n",
+      "    pushed_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    new.data = pushed_item\n",
+      "    new.link = top\n",
+      "    top = new\n",
+      "    return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(top):\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    if(top == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty...\"  \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp = top\n",
+      "        print \"Popped item is: \", tmp.data\n",
+      "        top = top.link\n",
+      "        tmp.link = None\n",
+      "    return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(top):\n",
+      "    if(top == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty...\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        while(top.link != None):\n",
+      "            print top.data,\n",
+      "            top = top.link\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "Top = node()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.END\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        Top = push(Top)\n",
+      "        print \"STACK after pushing: \"\n",
+      "        display(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        Top=pop(Top)\n",
+      "        print \"STACK after popping: \"\n",
+      "        display(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"End of comutation\"\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Invalid Choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " STACK after pushing: \n",
+        "23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " STACK after pushing: \n",
+        "12 23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "67\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " STACK after pushing: \n",
+        "67 12 23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Popped item is:  67\n",
+        "STACK after popping: \n",
+        "12 23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Popped item is:  12\n",
+        "STACK after popping: \n",
+        "23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "88\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " STACK after pushing: \n",
+        "88 23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Popped item is:  88\n",
+        "STACK after popping: \n",
+        "23 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Popped item is:  23\n",
+        "STACK after popping: \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Popped item is:  None\n",
+        "STACK after popping: \n",
+        "Stack is empty...\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.END\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " End of comutation\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.9, page no. 467"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "stck = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(sp,ch):\n",
+      "    if sp==100:\n",
+      "        print \"Error : Stack overflow\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        sp += 1\n",
+      "        stck.append(ch)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(sp):\n",
+      "    if sp < 0:\n",
+      "        print \"Error : Stack underflow\"\n",
+      "        return 0\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        sp -= 1\n",
+      "        return stck[sp+1]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def alpha(ch):\n",
+      "    if (ch>='A' and ch<=\"Z\") or (ch>='a' and ch<=\"z\"):\n",
+      "        return True\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return False\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def num(ch):\n",
+      "    if ch>='0' and ch<=\"9\":\n",
+      "        return True\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return False\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def oper(ch):\n",
+      "    oparray = ['+','-','*','/','^']\n",
+      "    if ch in oparray:\n",
+      "        return True\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return False\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def precedence(ch):\n",
+      "    if ch=='(':\n",
+      "        i = 0\n",
+      "    elif ch=='+' or ch=='-':\n",
+      "        i = 1\n",
+      "    elif ch=='*' or ch=='/':\n",
+      "        i = 2\n",
+      "    elif ch=='^':\n",
+      "        i = 3\n",
+      "    return i\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printerror(n,ifp):\n",
+      "    if n==1:\n",
+      "        print \"Error_1_: Missing operator\",\n",
+      "    elif n==2:\n",
+      "        print \"Error_2_: Missing Operand\",\n",
+      "    elif n==3:\n",
+      "        print \"Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses\",\n",
+      "    elif n==4:\n",
+      "        print \"Error_4_: Illegal character in expression\",\n",
+      "    elif n==5:\n",
+      "        print \"Error_5_: Multiletter variable\",\n",
+      "    print \"Column %2d\"%ifp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def parse (infix,suffix,error):\n",
+      "    ch =''\n",
+      "    last = '('\n",
+      "    i = 0\n",
+      "    sp=-1\n",
+      "    bracket = 1\n",
+      "    ifp = 0\n",
+      "    sfp = 0\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    push(sp,'(')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    while True:\n",
+      "        while infix[i] == \" \":\n",
+      "            i += 1\n",
+      "        ifp = i\n",
+      "        ch = infix[ifp]\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "        if ch == \"(\":\n",
+      "            if alpha(last) or num(last) or last==')':\n",
+      "                error = 1\n",
+      "                printerror(1,ifp+1)\n",
+      "            bracket +=1 \n",
+      "            push(sp,ch)\n",
+      "        elif ch==\"+\" or ch==\"-\" or ch==\"*\" or ch==\"/\" or ch==\"^\":\n",
+      "            if oper(last) or (not alpha(last) and not num(last) and last!=\")\"):\n",
+      "                error=1\n",
+      "                printerror(2,ifp+1)\n",
+      "            while precedence(stck[sp]) >= precedence(ch):\n",
+      "                suffix.append(pop(sp))\n",
+      "                sfp+=1\n",
+      "            push(sp,ch)\n",
+      "        elif ch==\")\":\n",
+      "            if oper(last):\n",
+      "                error=1\n",
+      "                printerror(2,ifp+1)\n",
+      "            if last==\"(\":\n",
+      "                error=1\n",
+      "                printerror(2,ifp+1)\n",
+      "                printerror(1,ifp+1)\n",
+      "            while stck[sp] != \"(\" and sp > 0:\n",
+      "                suffix.append(pop(sp))\n",
+      "                sfp += 1\n",
+      "            sp -= 1\n",
+      "            bracket -= 1\n",
+      "        elif ch == ' ':\n",
+      "            while infix[ifp+1] == \" \" and not infix[ifp] :\n",
+      "                ifp += 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if alpha(last) or num(last):\n",
+      "                error = 1 \n",
+      "                printerror(1,ifp+1)\n",
+      "                printerror(5,ifp+1)\n",
+      "            if alpha(ch):\n",
+      "                print ch,\n",
+      "                suffix.append(infix[ifp])\n",
+      "                sfp += 1\n",
+      "            elif num(ch):\n",
+      "                while num(infix[ifp]):\n",
+      "                    suffix.append(infix[ifp])\n",
+      "                    ifp += 1\n",
+      "                    sfp += 1\n",
+      "                ifp -= 1\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                printerror(4,ifp+1)\n",
+      "        last = infix[ifp]\n",
+      "        ifp += 1\n",
+      "        i = ifp\n",
+      "        print ifp,\n",
+      "        try:\n",
+      "            if not infix[ifp]:\n",
+      "                break;\n",
+      "        except:\n",
+      "            break\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "        if bracket:\n",
+      "            error = 1\n",
+      "            printerror(3,ifp-1)\n",
+      "    return infix,suffix,error\n",
+      "def readexpression():\n",
+      "    i = 0\n",
+      "    print \"The given infix expression is\"\n",
+      "    infix = list(raw_input())\n",
+      "    infix.append(\")\")\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    return infix\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "suffix = [] \n",
+      "error = 0\n",
+      "infix = readexpression()\n",
+      "infix,suffix,error = parse(infix,suffix,error)\n",
+      "if not error:\n",
+      "    print \"The suffix form of the given expression is \"\n",
+      "    print suffix"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The given infix expression is\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a+b)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1 Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses Column  0\n",
+        "a 2 Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses Column  1\n",
+        "3 Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses Column  2\n",
+        "b 4 Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses Column  3\n",
+        "5 Error_3_: Mismatched parentehses Column  4\n",
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.10, page no. 472"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAX = 50\n",
+      "queue_arr = []\n",
+      "rear = [-1]\n",
+      "front = [-1]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def add_element():\n",
+      "    if (rear[0] == MAX-1):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is full...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if(front[0] == -1):\n",
+      "            front[0] = 0\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the new element: \"\n",
+      "        added_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        rear[0] = rear[0]+1\n",
+      "        queue_arr.append(added_item)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def remove_element():\n",
+      "    if(front[0] == -1 or front[0]>rear[0]):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        dell = front[0]\n",
+      "        print queue_arr[dell], \" is removed from the Queue\"\n",
+      "        front[0] = front[0]+1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    if(front[0] == -1 or front[0]>rear[0]):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is: \"\n",
+      "        for i in range(front[0],rear[0]+1):\n",
+      "            print queue_arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1. Insert an element\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. Display all the elements of the queue\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. Remove elements from the queue\"\n",
+      "    print \"4. Exit from the program\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if choice == '1':\n",
+      "        add_element()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '2':\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '3':\n",
+      "        remove_element()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '4':\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Reenter the choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the new element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the new element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the new element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23  is removed from the Queue\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34  is removed from the Queue\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the new element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Queue is: \n",
+        "45 45 \n",
+        "1. Insert an element\n",
+        "2. Display all the elements of the queue\n",
+        "3. Remove elements from the queue\n",
+        "4. Exit from the program\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.11, page no. 477"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.info = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def enqueue(rear):\n",
+      "    new_node = node()\n",
+      "    print \"Enter the new element: \",\n",
+      "    new_node.info = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    new_node.link = None\n",
+      "    if (rear != None):\n",
+      "        rear.link = new_node\n",
+      "    rear = new_node\n",
+      "    return rear\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_queue(f, r):\n",
+      "    if f == None:\n",
+      "        print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The element removed is: \", f.info\n",
+      "        if f != r:\n",
+      "            f = f.link\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            f = None\n",
+      "    return f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(fr, re):\n",
+      "    if fr == None:\n",
+      "        print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The queue is: \"\n",
+      "        while fr != re:\n",
+      "            print fr.info,\n",
+      "            fr = fr.link\n",
+      "        print fr.info,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rear = None\n",
+      "front = None\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        rear = enqueue(rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            front = rear\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        front = del_queue(front, rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            rear = None\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    display(front, rear)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the new element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The queue is: \n",
+        "23 \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the new element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The queue is: \n",
+        "23 34 \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the new element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The queue is: \n",
+        "23 34 45 \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The element removed is:  23\n",
+        "The queue is: \n",
+        "34 45 \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The element removed is:  34\n",
+        "The queue is: \n",
+        "45 \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The element removed is:  45\n",
+        "The Queue is empty\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The Queue is empty\n",
+        "The Queue is empty\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Quit\n",
+        "Enter choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.12, page no. 480"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "qsize = 50\n",
+      "rear = 0\n",
+      "front = 0\n",
+      "qu = numpy.zeros(50, dtype=numpy.int)\n",
+      "def insert():\n",
+      "    global rear\n",
+      "    global front\n",
+      "    global qsize\n",
+      "    if rear == qsize:\n",
+      "        rear = 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        rear += 1\n",
+      "    if front != rear:\n",
+      "        item = int(raw_input(\"Enter item to be inserted: \"))\n",
+      "        qu[rear] = item\n",
+      "        if front == 0:\n",
+      "            front += 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Overflow\"\n",
+      "def delete():\n",
+      "    global front\n",
+      "    global rear\n",
+      "    global qsize\n",
+      "    if front != 0:\n",
+      "        item = qu[front]\n",
+      "        if front == rear:\n",
+      "            front = 0\n",
+      "            rear = 0\n",
+      "            return item\n",
+      "        if front == qsize:\n",
+      "            front = 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            front += 1\n",
+      "            return item\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Underflow\"\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global front\n",
+      "    global rear\n",
+      "    for i in range(front, rear+1):\n",
+      "        print qu[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "choice = 0\n",
+      "while(choice != 3):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\"\n",
+      "    print \"2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\"\n",
+      "    print \"3 - Quit\"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        insert()\n",
+      "        print \"\\nCqueue after insertion is: \"\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        item = delete()\n",
+      "        print \"Item deleted id: \", item\n",
+      "        print \"\\nCqueue after deletion is: \"\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        break"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter item to be inserted: 23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after insertion is: \n",
+        "23 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter item to be inserted: 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after insertion is: \n",
+        "23 34 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter item to be inserted: 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after insertion is: \n",
+        "23 34 45 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Item deleted id:  23\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after deletion is: \n",
+        "34 45 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Item deleted id:  34\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after deletion is: \n",
+        "45 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Item deleted id:  45\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after deletion is: \n",
+        "0 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Underflow\n",
+        "Item deleted id:  None\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Cqueue after deletion is: \n",
+        "0 \n",
+        "1 - Insert an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "2 - Delete an element into Cqueue\n",
+        "3 - Quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exmaple 9.13, page no. 484"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    data = ''\n",
+      "    next = None\n",
+      "class queue:\n",
+      "    front = None\n",
+      "    nremovals = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class prique:\n",
+      "    queues = []\n",
+      "    nqueues = 0\n",
+      "    npromote = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def add(que, new_node):\n",
+      "    new_node.next = 0\n",
+      "    if not que.front:\n",
+      "        que.front = new_node\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        cur = que.front\n",
+      "        while(cur.next):\n",
+      "            cur = cur.next\n",
+      "        cur.next = new_node\n",
+      "    return que\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def remove_node(que):\n",
+      "    removed_node = que.front\n",
+      "    if que.front:\n",
+      "        que.front = que.front.next\n",
+      "    return removed_node\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def priq_add(priq, priority, data):\n",
+      "    if priority >= priq.nqueues:\n",
+      "        print \"Error: priority number given is invalid!\"\n",
+      "        return priq\n",
+      "    new_node = node()\n",
+      "    new_node.data = data\n",
+      "    priq.queues[priority] = add(priq.queues[priority], new_node)\n",
+      "    return priq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def priq_remove(priq, priority):\n",
+      "    removed_char = ''\n",
+      "    if priority >= priq.nqueues:\n",
+      "        print \"Error: priority number given is invalid!\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    removed = remove_node(priq.queues[priority])\n",
+      "    if not removed:\n",
+      "        if priority < priq.nqueues-1:\n",
+      "            return priq_remove(priq, priority+1)\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return priq, 0\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        lower_elm = ''\n",
+      "        priq.queues[priority].nremovals += 1\n",
+      "        if priq.queues[priority].nremovals == priq.npromote:\n",
+      "            lower_elm = priq_remove(priq, priority+1)\n",
+      "            if lower_elm:\n",
+      "                priq_add(priq, priority, lower_elm)\n",
+      "        priq.queues[priority].nremovals = 0\n",
+      "    removed_char = removed.data\n",
+      "    return priq, removed_char\n",
+      "\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def create_priq(nqueues, npromote):\n",
+      "    priq = prique()\n",
+      "    priq.nqueues = nqueues\n",
+      "    for i in range(nqueues):\n",
+      "        priq.queues.append(queue())\n",
+      "    priq.npromote = npromote\n",
+      "    return priq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_option():\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1: Insert an element\"\n",
+      "    print \"2: Remove an element\"\n",
+      "    print \"3: Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Choose: \"\n",
+      "    option = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    return option\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_data():\n",
+      "    data = raw_input(\"Enter the data: \")\n",
+      "    return data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def get_priority():\n",
+      "    priority = int(raw_input(\"Enter the priority: \"))\n",
+      "    return priority\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display_prique(priq):\n",
+      "    print \"The priority queue is ...\"\n",
+      "    for i in range(priq.nqueues):\n",
+      "        que = priq.queues[i]\n",
+      "        cur = que.front\n",
+      "        print i,\n",
+      "        while cur:\n",
+      "            print cur.data,\n",
+      "            if cur.next:\n",
+      "                print \"->\",\n",
+      "            cur = cur.next\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"No of priority levels: \"\n",
+      "nlevels = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"No of consecutive removls for proirity promotion: \"\n",
+      "nremovals = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "priq = create_priq(nlevels, nremovals)\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    option = get_option()\n",
+      "    if option == 1:\n",
+      "        data = get_data()\n",
+      "        priority = get_priority()\n",
+      "        priq = priq_add(priq, priority, data)\n",
+      "    elif option == 2:\n",
+      "        priority = get_priority()\n",
+      "        priq, data = priq_remove(priq, priority)\n",
+      "        if data == 0:\n",
+      "            print \"No elements to remove\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print data, \" was removed\"\n",
+      "    elif option == 3:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"BYE\"\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    display_prique(priq)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No of priority levels: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No of consecutive removls for proirity promotion: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: q\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 q \n",
+        "1 \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: w\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 q -> w \n",
+        "1 \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: e\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 q -> w -> e \n",
+        "1 \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: r\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 q -> w -> e -> r \n",
+        "1 \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the data: z\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 q -> w -> e -> r \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "q  was removed\n",
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 w -> e -> r \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "w  was removed\n",
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 e -> r \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No elements to remove\n",
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 e -> r \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "e  was removed\n",
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 r \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the priority: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "r  was removed\n",
+        "The priority queue is ...\n",
+        "0 \n",
+        "1 z \n",
+        "2 \n",
+        "3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1: Insert an element\n",
+        "2: Remove an element\n",
+        "3: Quit\n",
+        "Choose: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14, page no. 495"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class Node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.left = None\n",
+      "        self.right = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def insert(self, data):\n",
+      "        if data < self.data:\n",
+      "            if self.left is None:\n",
+      "                self.left = Node(data)\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                self.left.insert(data)\n",
+      "        elif data > self.data:\n",
+      "            if self.right is None:\n",
+      "                self.right = Node(data)\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                self.right.insert(data)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def inorder(self, tree):\n",
+      "        solution = []\n",
+      "        def recurse(node):\n",
+      "            if not node:\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            recurse(node.left)\n",
+      "            solution.append(node.data)\n",
+      "            recurse(node.right)\n",
+      "        recurse(tree)\n",
+      "        return solution\n",
+      "    def preorder(self, tree):\n",
+      "        solution = []\n",
+      "        def recurse(node):\n",
+      "            if not node:\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            solution.append(node.data)\n",
+      "            recurse(node.left)\n",
+      "            recurse(node.right)\n",
+      "        recurse(tree)\n",
+      "        return solution\n",
+      "    def postorder(self, tree):\n",
+      "        solution = []\n",
+      "        def recurse(node):\n",
+      "            if not node:\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            recurse(node.left)\n",
+      "            recurse(node.right)\n",
+      "            solution.append(node.data)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "        recurse(tree)\n",
+      "        return solution\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Type numbers, one per line\"\n",
+      "print \"-999 for terminating\"\n",
+      "num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "tree = Node(num)\n",
+      "while num != -999:\n",
+      "    num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if num == -999:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    tree.insert(num)\n",
+      "choice = 0\n",
+      "while choice != 4:\n",
+      "    print \"\\nType of TRAVERSAL ?\"\n",
+      "    print \"1 - Inorder\"\n",
+      "    print \"2 - Preorder\"\n",
+      "    print \"3 - Postorder\"\n",
+      "    print \"4 - STOP\"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"INORDER traversal: \"\n",
+      "        sol = tree.inorder(tree)\n",
+      "        for ele in sol:\n",
+      "            print ele,\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"PREORDER traversal: \"\n",
+      "        sol = tree.preorder(tree)\n",
+      "        for ele in sol:\n",
+      "            print ele,\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"POSTORDER traversal: \"\n",
+      "        sol = tree.postorder(tree)\n",
+      "        for ele in sol:\n",
+      "            print ele,\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"BYE\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Type numbers, one per line\n",
+        "-999 for terminating\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-999\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Type of TRAVERSAL ?\n",
+        "1 - Inorder\n",
+        "2 - Preorder\n",
+        "3 - Postorder\n",
+        "4 - STOP\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "INORDER traversal: \n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 \n",
+        "Type of TRAVERSAL ?\n",
+        "1 - Inorder\n",
+        "2 - Preorder\n",
+        "3 - Postorder\n",
+        "4 - STOP\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "PREORDER traversal: \n",
+        "4 1 3 2 10 9 6 5 8 \n",
+        "Type of TRAVERSAL ?\n",
+        "1 - Inorder\n",
+        "2 - Preorder\n",
+        "3 - Postorder\n",
+        "4 - STOP\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "BYE\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter15.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter15.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf449021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter15.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:64bc6ed635ee782424e2a9c6d347d0d839901e22bcfed6521e3f281977a7711d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "C Library Functions\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.1 page no : 655"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"ratsdrowninwordstar is a palindrom\"\n",
+      "print \"length of \\\"ratsdrowninwordstar is a palindrom\\\" is\",\n",
+      "Len = len(\"ratsdrowninwordstar\")\n",
+      "print \"%d\"%Len"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "ratsdrowninwordstar is a palindrom\n",
+        "length of \"ratsdrowninwordstar is a palindrom\" is 19\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.2 Pageno : 656"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "Num = 123.54\n",
+      "fNum = 0.0\n",
+      "cNum = 0.0\n",
+      "fNum = math.floor(Num)\n",
+      "cNum = math.ceil(Num)\n",
+      "print \"original number  %.2lf\"%Num\n",
+      "print \"number rounded down  %.lf\"%fNum\n",
+      "print \"number rounded up  %.lf\"%cNum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "original number  123.54\n",
+        "number rounded down  123\n",
+        "number rounded up  124\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter16.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter16.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1edaa97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:cdbb2a27d4aeed62bc661e588b07689ef9317248d78908eda6f1423b2cfb2027"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 16: Controlling Complexity"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.1, page no. 705"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "def beep():\n",
+      "    print \"\\a\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example mainprog.c, page no. 705"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"The cube of 10 is \", cube(10)\n",
+      "input_int = int(raw_input(\"Input Integer: \"))\n",
+      "if input_int < 1:\n",
+      "    beep()\n",
+      "    print \"Input is Invalid\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The cube of %d is %d\" %(input_int, cube(input_int))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of 10 is  1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input Integer: 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\u0007\n",
+        "Input is Invalid\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example make.c, page no. 709"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "def beep():\n",
+      "    print \"I am going to beep!\"\n",
+      "    print \"\\a\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter2.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03566b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,981 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c47c99279bcc1ed930609c37047619e07a7ba5a5f3802de8eeb54d6cf31ebdd4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2: Variables and Expressions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example integer.c, page no. 35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "val = 10\n",
+      "print \"%d\" %val"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example float.c, page no. 36"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i_var = 10\n",
+      "f_var = 100.3125\n",
+      "print \"i_var is %d and f_var is %f\" %(i_var, f_var)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i_var is 10 and f_var is 100.312500\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example decimal.c, page no. 37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "inp_int = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"The input integer (in decimal) is %u\" %inp_int\n",
+      "print \"The input integer (in hexadecimal) is %x\" %inp_int"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The input integer (in decimal) is 45\n",
+        "The input integer (in hexadecimal) is 2d\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf.c, page no. 37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "years = float(raw_input(\"Input your age in years: \"))\n",
+      "secs = years*365*24*60*60\n",
+      "print \"You have lived for %0.1f seconds\" %secs"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input your age in years: 21\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "You have lived for 662256000.0 seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example char.c, page no. 38"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "c = '#'\n",
+      "print \"This is the hash symbol: %s\" %c"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "This is the hash symbol: #\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example ascii.c, page no. 39 "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "code = int(raw_input(\"Input an ASCII code (0 to 127):\" ))\n",
+      "symbol = chr(code)\n",
+      "print \"The symbol corresponding to %d is %s\" %(code,symbol)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an ASCII code (0 to 127):75\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The symbol corresponding to 75 is K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example string.c, page no. 40"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_string = \"13 is unlucky.\"\n",
+      "print \"my_string: %s\" %my_string"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_string: 13 is unlucky.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example size.c ,page no. 41"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "print \"Size of a int is %d\" %sys.getsizeof(int)\n",
+      "print \"Size of a long int is %d\" %sys.getsizeof(long)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Note: there is no short interger data type in Python\n",
+      "#Answers will differ"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of a int is 872\n",
+        "Size of a long int is 872\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example inout.c, page no. 42"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "shorti = int(raw_input(\"Input short int: \"))\n",
+      "longi = int(raw_input(\"Input long int: \"))\n",
+      "print \"shorti = %d and longi = %d\" %(shorti, longi)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input short int: 12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input long int: 200000000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "shorti = 12 and longi = 200000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example beep.c, page no. 47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"%c\" %('\\x07')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#note: there won't be any beep in Python"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\u0007\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example tax.c, page no. 49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sal = float(raw_input(\"Salary: \"))\n",
+      "tax = sal * 0.3\n",
+      "print \"tax = %.1f\" %tax"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Salary: 200000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "tax = 60000.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example tax1.c, page no. 49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "tax_rate = 0.3\n",
+      "sal = float(raw_input(\"Salary: \"))\n",
+      "tax = sal * tax_rate\n",
+      "print \"tax = %.1f\" %tax"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Salary: 200000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "tax = 60000.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example const.c, page no. 50"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "tax_rate = 0.3\n",
+      "sal = float(raw_input(\"Salary: \"))\n",
+      "tax = sal * tax_rate\n",
+      "print \"tax = %.1f\" %tax\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Note: there is no constant data type in Python so the program will remain same as above"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Salary: 200000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "tax = 60000.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example const.c, page no. 50"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "tax_rate = 0.3\n",
+      "sal = float(raw_input(\"Salary: \"))\n",
+      "tax = sal * tax_rate\n",
+      "print \"tax = %.1f\" %tax\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Note: there is no #define preprocessor in Python so the program will remain same as above"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Salary: 200000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "tax = 60000.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example relation.c, page no. 53"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input two numbers\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"num1: \"))\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input(\"num2: \"))\n",
+      "if (i == j):\n",
+      "    print \"They are equal.\"\n",
+      "print \"Got the message?\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two numbers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num1: 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num2: 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "They are equal.\n",
+        "Got the message?\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example char.c, page no. 54"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "c = 255\n",
+      "d = -1\n",
+      "if c < 0:\n",
+      "    print \"c is less than 0\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"c is not less than 0\"\n",
+      "if d < 0:\n",
+      "    print \"d is less than 0\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"d is not less than 0\"\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "#the program will not have output as that given in the textbook\n",
+      "#because, there is no concept of char, signed or unsigned values in Python\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c is not less than 0\n",
+        "d is less than 0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example char8.c, page no. 55"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "c = '255'\n",
+      "d = '-1'\n",
+      "if c < 0:\n",
+      "    print \"c is less than 0\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"c is not less than 0\"\n",
+      "if d < 0:\n",
+      "    print \"d is less than 0\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"d is not less than 0\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#the program will not have output as that given in the textbook\n",
+      "#because, there is no concept of char, signed or unsigned values in Python"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c is not less than 0\n",
+        "d is not less than 0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example extract.c, page no. 59"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Bit position to extract: \"))\n",
+      "bit = (i >> n)&1\n",
+      "print \"The bit is: %d\" %bit"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bit position to extract: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The bit is: 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example max.c, page no. 62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input two numbers\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"num1: \"))\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input(\"num2: \"))\n",
+      "larger = i if i > j else j\n",
+      "print \"The larger of the two is %d\" %larger"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two numbers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num1: 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num2: 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The larger of the two is 45\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example interest.c, page no. 65"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "p = float(raw_input(\"Principal: \"))\n",
+      "r = float(raw_input(\"Rate: \"))\n",
+      "t = float(raw_input(\"Time: \"))\n",
+      "ncmp_year = float(raw_input(\"Compoundings per year: \"))\n",
+      "simple = p * r * t / 100\n",
+      "cmp_amount = p * pow(1 + r / (ncmp_year * 100), ncmp_year * t)\n",
+      "compound = cmp_amount - p\n",
+      "print \"The simple interest is : %f\" %simple\n",
+      "print \"The compound interest is : %f\" %compound"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Principal: 1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rate: 10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Compoundings per year: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The simple interest is : 200.000000\n",
+        "The compound interest is : 218.402898\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.10, page no. 66"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "c = float(raw_input(\"Enter temperature in celsius: \"))\n",
+      "f = 1.8 * c + 32\n",
+      "print \"Equivalent fahrenheit = %f\" %f\n",
+      "f = float(raw_input(\"Enter temperature in fahrenheit: \"))\n",
+      "c = (f - 32) / 1.8\n",
+      "print \"Equivalent celsius = %f\" %c\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter temperature in celsius: 10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Equivalent fahrenheit = 50.000000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter temperature in fahrenheit: 50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Equivalent celsius = 10.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.11, page no. 66"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "print \"Enter the 3 sides: \"\n",
+      "a = float(raw_input(\"side1:\"))\n",
+      "b = float(raw_input(\"side2:\"))\n",
+      "c = float(raw_input(\"side3:\"))\n",
+      "peri = a + b + c\n",
+      "s = peri / 2\n",
+      "area = math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))\n",
+      "print \"Area of the triangle is %f\" %area"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the 3 sides: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "side1:4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "side2:5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "side3:6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area of the triangle is 9.921567\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.12, page no. 67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "b = float(raw_input(\"Enter the base: \"))\n",
+      "h = float(raw_input(\"Enter the height: \"))\n",
+      "area = b * h / 2\n",
+      "print \"Area of the triangle is %f\" %area"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the base: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the height: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area of the triangle is 3.000000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter3.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d7fda28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:48110bf73660634c54f30da35ad71ab95825c100a9ad798c30a92b3d23049e8e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3: Basic Input-Output"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example getchar.c, page no. 79"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "c = raw_input(\"Type one character: \")\n",
+      "print \"The character you typed is: %c\" %c"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Type one character: w\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The character you typed is: w\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example gets.c, page no. 80"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "s = raw_input(\"Type a string (Less than 80 characters):\")\n",
+      "print \"The string typed is: %s\" %s"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Type a string (Less than 80 characters):C Book\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The string typed is: C Book\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1, page no. 81"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "f_var = 10.12576893\n",
+      "print \"Output 1: %f\" %f_var\n",
+      "print \"Output 2: %20f\" %f_var\n",
+      "print \"Output 3: %-20f\" %f_var\n",
+      "print \"Output 4: %+f\" %f_var\n",
+      "wid_prec = int(raw_input(\"Input the width: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Output 5: %*f\" %(wid_prec,f_var)\n",
+      "print \"Output 6: %.5f\" %f_var\n",
+      "wid_prec = int(raw_input(\"Input the precision: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Output 7: %20.*f\" %(wid_prec,f_var)\n",
+      "print \"Output 8: %-+20.5f\" %(f_var)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output 1: 10.125769\n",
+        "Output 2:            10.125769\n",
+        "Output 3: 10.125769           \n",
+        "Output 4: +10.125769\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the width: 13\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output 5:     10.125769\n",
+        "Output 6: 10.12577\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the precision: 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output 7:          10.12576893\n",
+        "Output 8: +10.12577           \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf1.c, page no. 84"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input an integer followed by a floating-point number:\"\n",
+      "int_var = int(raw_input(\"integer:\"))\n",
+      "float_var=float(raw_input(\"float:\"))\n",
+      "print \"The Integer: %d\" %int_var\n",
+      "print \"The floating-point number: %f\" %float_var"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer followed by a floating-point number:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "integer:34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "float:56.57\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Integer: 34\n",
+        "The floating-point number: 56.570000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf2.c, page no. 85"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#counting the inputs from user using raw_input() is not possible in Python. Hence, skipping the example"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf3.c, page no. 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input the day, followed by the date (dd-mm-yyyy):\"\n",
+      "day = raw_input(\"day:\")\n",
+      "date = int(raw_input(\"date:\"))\n",
+      "month = int(raw_input(\"month:\"))\n",
+      "year = int(raw_input(\"year:\"))\n",
+      "print \"Day: %s\" %day\n",
+      "print \"Date: %s\" %date\n",
+      "print \"Month: %s\" %month\n",
+      "print \"Year: %s\" %year"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the day, followed by the date (dd-mm-yyyy):\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "day:Sunday\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "date:27\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "month:1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "year:1974\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: Sunday\n",
+        "Date: 27\n",
+        "Month: 1\n",
+        "Year: 1974\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf4.c, page no. 87"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Enter two strings: \"\n",
+      "string1 = raw_input(\"string1:\")\n",
+      "string2 = raw_input(\"string2:\")\n",
+      "print \"You have input:\"\n",
+      "print string1\n",
+      "print string2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter two strings: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "string1:Hello\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "string2:world\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "You have input:\n",
+        "Hello\n",
+        "world\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf5.c, page no. 88"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#getting input from user the way it is given in textbook is not possible in Python.\n",
+      "#Hence, output will be different compared to textbook.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input two string: \"\n",
+      "string1 = raw_input(\"String 1: \")\n",
+      "string2 = raw_input(\"String 2: \")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The two strings are: %4s\" %string1\n",
+      "print \"The two strings are: %5s\" %string2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two string: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "String 1: Morning\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "String 2: Comes\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The two strings are: Morning\n",
+        "The two strings are: Comes\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf6.c, page no. 89"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input the date:\"\n",
+      "date = int(raw_input(\"date:\"))\n",
+      "separator1 = raw_input(\"separator:\")\n",
+      "month = int(raw_input(\"month:\"))\n",
+      "separator2 = raw_input(\"separator:\")\n",
+      "year = int(raw_input(\"year:\"))\n",
+      "print \"Date: %d\" %date\n",
+      "print \"Month: %d\" %month\n",
+      "print \"Year: %d\" %year"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the date:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "date:31\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "separator:-\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "month:12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "separator:/\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "year:1999\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Date: 31\n",
+        "Month: 12\n",
+        "Year: 1999\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf7.c, page no. 90"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input the date:\"\n",
+      "date = int(raw_input(\"date:\"))\n",
+      "month = int(raw_input(\"month:\"))\n",
+      "year = int(raw_input(\"year:\"))\n",
+      "print \"Date: %d\" %date\n",
+      "print \"Month: %d\" %month\n",
+      "print \"Year: %d\" %year"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the date:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "date:31\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "month:12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "year:1999\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Date: 31\n",
+        "Month: 12\n",
+        "Year: 1999\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter4.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fdd2c8c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1567 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:afd37f358b4faba0dd82fd8fdf176be8389b2a27c7cdec9882b3da534d4a3ec8"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4: Control Structures"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example if1.c, page no. 101"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"Enter a number: \")) \n",
+      "if i % 3 == 0 :\n",
+      "    print \"Number entered is divisible by 3.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a number: 30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number entered is divisible by 3.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scanf8.c, page no. 102"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#The output in the textbok is 0.000000 because it was not able to convert string to float in C\n",
+      "#Hence, by default it stored 0.0000000. In Python the same would give error. Hence, the answer differs\n",
+      "\n",
+      "years = float(raw_input(\"Input your age in years: \"))\n",
+      "secs = years * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60\n",
+      "print \"You have livid for %f seconds \" %secs"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input your age in years: 25\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "You have livid for 788400000.000000 seconds \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example if2.c, page no. 102"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#the way it is given in textbook is not possible in Python. Doing it in different manner\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input your age in years: \",\n",
+      "years =(raw_input())\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    float(years)\n",
+      "    secs = float(years) * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60\n",
+      "    print \"you have lived for %f seconds\" %secs\n",
+      "except:\n",
+      "    print \"the input is not a floating-point number\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input your age in years: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "75\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " you have lived for 2365200000.000000 seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example if3.c, page no. 103"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#the program will remain same as the previous one\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input your age in years: \",\n",
+      "years =(raw_input())\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    float(years)\n",
+      "    secs = float(years) * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60\n",
+      "    print \"you have lived for %f seconds\" %secs\n",
+      "except:\n",
+      "    print \"the input is not a floating-point number\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input your age in years: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sundeep\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " the input is not a floating-point number\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example large.c, page no. 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input a b c\"\n",
+      "a = float(raw_input(\"a=\"))\n",
+      "b = float(raw_input(\"b=\"))\n",
+      "c = float(raw_input(\"c=\"))\n",
+      "big = a\n",
+      "if b>big :\n",
+      "    big = b\n",
+      "if c>big :\n",
+      "    big = c\n",
+      "print \"Largest of the three numbers = %7.2f\" %big"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input a b c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a=10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b=20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c=45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Largest of the three numbers =   45.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example ifelse1.c, page no. 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#the program will remain same as the previous one\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input your age in years: \",\n",
+      "years =(raw_input())\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    float(years)\n",
+      "    secs = float(years) * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60\n",
+      "    print \"you have lived for %f seconds\" %secs\n",
+      "except:\n",
+      "    print \"the input is not a floating-point number\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input your age in years: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "100\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " you have lived for 3153600000.000000 seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example ifelse2.c, page no. 107"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "input1 = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "if input1 :\n",
+      "    print \"It is non-zero.\"\n",
+      "else :\n",
+      "    print \"it is zero.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "It is non-zero.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scope.c, page no. 112"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#The block given in the textbook is not possible in Python. Here the value will remain the same.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "i = 10\n",
+      "print \"In main. i is %d \" %i\n",
+      "i = 20\n",
+      "print \"In compound statement. i is %d\" %i\n",
+      "i = i+1\n",
+      "print \"After incrementing: i is %d\" %i\n",
+      "print \"In main again. i is %d\" %i"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "In main. i is 10 \n",
+        "In compound statement. i is 20\n",
+        "After incrementing: i is 21\n",
+        "In main again. i is 21\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example for.c, page no. 113"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
+      "    print i*5,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example sumsq1.c, page no. 115"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "sum_of_squares = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(2, 31, 2):\n",
+      "    sum += i\n",
+      "    sum_of_squares += i*i\n",
+      "print \"Sum of first 15 positive even numbers = \", sum\n",
+      "print \"Sum of their squares = \", sum_of_squares"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sum of first 15 positive even numbers =  240\n",
+        "Sum of their squares =  4960\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example sumsq2.c, page no. 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "sum_of_squares = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(30, 1, -2):\n",
+      "    sum += i\n",
+      "    sum_of_squares += i*i\n",
+      "print \"Sum of first 15 positive even numbers = \", sum\n",
+      "print \"Sum of their squares = \", sum_of_squares"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sum of first 15 positive even numbers =  240\n",
+        "Sum of their squares =  4960\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example for2.c, page no. 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
+      "    print 5*i,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.1, page no. 117"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#error in textbook, i should be initialized by 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sign = 1\n",
+      "print \"Input X and N: \"\n",
+      "x = float(raw_input(\"X: \"))\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"N: \"))\n",
+      "x *= 3.1412/180.0\n",
+      "sum, t = x, x\n",
+      "for i in range(1, n):\n",
+      "    sign *=-1\n",
+      "    t = sign * x * x / (2*i*(2*i+1))\n",
+      "    sum += t\n",
+      "print \"SIN(X) = %6.2f\" %sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input X and N: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X: 60\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "N: 12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "SIN(X) =   0.90\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2, page no. 118"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "num = 0\n",
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "print \"Input the marks, -1 at the end\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "while i != -1:\n",
+      "    sum += i\n",
+      "    num += 1\n",
+      "    i = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "average = sum / num\n",
+      "print \"The average is %.2f\" %average"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the marks, -1 at the end\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "14\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "16\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "18\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average is 15.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example binary.c, page no. 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "binary = raw_input(\"Input the binary number: \")\n",
+      "decimal = int(binary, 2)\n",
+      "print \"The decimal equivalent of binary number %s is %d\" %(binary, decimal)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the binary number: 1101\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The decimal equivalent of binary number 1101 is 13\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example dowhile.c, page no. 122"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no do while loop in Python. We will use simple while loop\n",
+      "inchar = ''\n",
+      "while(inchar != 'y' and inchar != 'n'):\n",
+      "    inchar = raw_input(\"Input y or n: \")\n",
+      "if inchar == 'y':\n",
+      "    print \"you pressed y.\"\n",
+      "if inchar == 'n':\n",
+      "    print \"you pressed n\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input y or n: j\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input y or n: j\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input y or n: n\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "you pressed n\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.4, page no. 123"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "num = int(raw_input(\"Input the number: \"))\n",
+      "n = num\n",
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "rev = 0\n",
+      "while(num != 0):\n",
+      "    digit = num % 10\n",
+      "    sum += digit\n",
+      "    rev = rev * 10 + digit\n",
+      "    num /= 10\n",
+      "print \"Sum of the digits of the number = %4d\" %sum\n",
+      "print \"Reverse of the number = %7d\" %rev\n",
+      "if n == rev:\n",
+      "    print \"The number is a palindrome\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The number is not a palindrome\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the number: 1221\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sum of the digits of the number =    6\n",
+        "Reverse of the number =    1221\n",
+        "The number is a palindrome\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example iflese.c, page no. 127"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Choice of destinations: \"\n",
+      "print \"\\t1 - Mercury\"\n",
+      "print \"\\t2 - Venus\"\n",
+      "print \"\\t3 - Mars\"\n",
+      "choice = int(raw_input(\"Enter the number corresponding to your choice: \"))\n",
+      "if choice == 1:\n",
+      "    print \"Mercury is closest to the sun.\"\n",
+      "    print \"So the weather may be quite hot there.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 5200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "    print \"Venus is the second planet from the sun.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The weather may be hot and poisonous.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 3200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "    print \"Mars is the closest planet to the earth.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The weather has been excellent till now.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 1200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    \"Unknown destination. Unpredictable IGCs\"\n",
+      "print \"Note: IGC = Ingeer-Galactic Currency\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Choice of destinations: \n",
+        "\t1 - Mercury\n",
+        "\t2 - Venus\n",
+        "\t3 - Mars\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number corresponding to your choice: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Venus is the second planet from the sun.\n",
+        "The weather may be hot and poisonous.\n",
+        "The journey will cost you 3200 IGCs.\n",
+        "Note: IGC = Ingeer-Galactic Currency\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.5, page no. 128"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no switch case in Python, hence, no use of break in if conditions. So, the program will remain same\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Choice of destinations: \"\n",
+      "print \"\\t1 - Mercury\"\n",
+      "print \"\\t2 - Venus\"\n",
+      "print \"\\t3 - Mars\"\n",
+      "choice = int(raw_input(\"Enter the number corresponding to your choice: \"))\n",
+      "if choice == 1:\n",
+      "    print \"Mercury is closest to the sun.\"\n",
+      "    print \"So the weather may be quite hot there.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 5200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "    print \"Venus is the second planet from the sun.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The weather may be hot and poisonous.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 3200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "    print \"Mars is the closest planet to the earth.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The weather has been excellent till now.\"\n",
+      "    print \"The journey will cost you 1200 IGCs.\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    \"Unknown destination. Unpredictable IGCs\"\n",
+      "print \"Note: IGC = Ingeer-Galactic Currency\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Choice of destinations: \n",
+        "\t1 - Mercury\n",
+        "\t2 - Venus\n",
+        "\t3 - Mars\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number corresponding to your choice: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mars is the closest planet to the earth.\n",
+        "The weather has been excellent till now.\n",
+        "The journey will cost you 1200 IGCs.\n",
+        "Note: IGC = Ingeer-Galactic Currency\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.6, page no. 130"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input a b & c\"\n",
+      "a = float(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "b = float(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "c = float(raw_input(\"c: \"))\n",
+      "if a != 0:\n",
+      "    disc = b * b - 4 * a * c\n",
+      "    print \"Discriminant = %5.2f\" %disc\n",
+      "    if disc < 0:\n",
+      "        k = 1\n",
+      "    elif disc == 0:\n",
+      "        k = 2\n",
+      "    elif disc > 0:\n",
+      "        k = 3\n",
+      "    if k == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"Roots are imaginary\"\n",
+      "        real = -b/(2*a)\n",
+      "        disc = -disc\n",
+      "        num = pow(disc, 0.5)\n",
+      "        imag = num/(2*a)\n",
+      "        print \"Root1 = %5.2f +j %5.2f\" %(real, imag)\n",
+      "        print \"Root2 = %5.2f -j %5.2f\" %(real, imag)\n",
+      "    elif k == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"Roots are real equal\"\n",
+      "        root1 = -b/(2*a)\n",
+      "        print \"Root1 = Root2 = %7.2f\" %root1\n",
+      "    elif k == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"Roots are real and unequal\"\n",
+      "        root1 = (-b + sqrt(disc))/(2*a)\n",
+      "        root2 = (-b - sqrt(disc))/(2*a)\n",
+      "        print \"Root1 = %7.2f Root2 = %7.2f\" %(root1, root2)\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "   print \"Equation is linear\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input a b & c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Discriminant = -24.00\n",
+        "Roots are imaginary\n",
+        "Root1 = -1.00 +j  2.45\n",
+        "Root2 = -1.00 -j  2.45\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.7, page no. 132"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(5):\n",
+      "    num = int(raw_input(\"Enter an integer: \"))\n",
+      "    if num < 0:\n",
+      "        print \"You have entered a negative number\"\n",
+      "        continue\n",
+      "    sum += num\n",
+      "print \"The sum of positive integers entered = \", sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: 10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: -15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "You have entered a negative number\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: 15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: -100\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "You have entered a negative number\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: 30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The sum of positive integers entered =  55\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.8, page no. 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Input X & N\"\n",
+      "x = float(raw_input(\"X: \"))\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"N: \"))\n",
+      "t = 1\n",
+      "sum = 1\n",
+      "for i in range(1, n):\n",
+      "    ifact = i\n",
+      "    t = t*x/ifact\n",
+      "    sum +=t\n",
+      "print \"E raies to power x = %10.4f\" %sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input X & N\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "X: 1.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "N: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "E raies to power x =     2.0000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.9, page no. 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Enter the number: \"))\n",
+      "if n == 0:\n",
+      "    print \"The factorial of 0 is 1\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    fact = 1\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        fact = fact * i\n",
+      "    print \"Factorial of %4d is %5d\" %(n, fact)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Factorial of    5 is   120\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.10, page no. 135"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "binom = 1\n",
+      "q = 0\n",
+      "p = int(raw_input(\"Input the number of rows: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Pascal Triangle\"\n",
+      "while q < p:\n",
+      "    for r in range(40-3*q, 0, -1):\n",
+      "        print \" \",\n",
+      "    for x in range(0, q+1):\n",
+      "        if x == 0 or q == 0:\n",
+      "            binom = 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            binom = (binom*(q-x+1))/x\n",
+      "        print \"%6d\" %binom,\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "    q+=1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the number of rows: 9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pascal Triangle\n",
+        "                                                                                     1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                                               1      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                                         1      2      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                                   1      3      3      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                             1      4      6      4      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                       1      5     10     10      5      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                                 1      6     15     20     15      6      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                           1      7     21     35     35     21      7      1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "                                     1      8     28     56     70     56     28      8      1 \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.11, page no. 136"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Enter 1 for triangle(3 sides) & 2 for triangle(base, ht): \",\n",
+      "k = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "if k == 1:\n",
+      "    print \"Enter 3 sides - a,b and c\"\n",
+      "    a = float(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "    b = float(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "    c = float(raw_input(\"c: \"))\n",
+      "    p = a + b + c\n",
+      "    s = (a + b + c)/2\n",
+      "    area = math.sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))\n",
+      "    print \"Perimeter = %6.2f\" %p\n",
+      "    print \"Area of triangle = %7.2f\" %area\n",
+      "elif k == 2:\n",
+      "    print \"Enter height and base\"\n",
+      "    height = float(raw_input(\"height: \"))\n",
+      "    base = float(raw_input(\"base: \"))\n",
+      "    area = (base*height)/2\n",
+      "    print \"Area of triangle = %7.2f\" %area"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 1 for triangle(3 sides) & 2 for triangle(base, ht): "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 3 sides - a,b and c\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 4.55\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 5.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c: 6.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Perimeter =  15.55\n",
+        "Area of triangle =   11.11\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 47
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.12, page no. 137"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "print \"Enter the no of lines in the pyramid: \"\n",
+      "t = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"\\t\\tREVERSED PYRAMID OF DIGITS\"\n",
+      "k = 0\n",
+      "for p in range(t, 0, -1):\n",
+      "    k += 1\n",
+      "    sys.stdout.write (\"   \")\n",
+      "    for r in range(0, (k*4)+1):\n",
+      "        sys.stdout.write (\" \")\n",
+      "    for q in range(p, (2*p)-1):        \n",
+      "        sys.stdout.write (\"%4d\" %q)\n",
+      "    for s in range((2*p)-2, p-1, -1):\n",
+      "        sys.stdout.write(\"%4d\\b\" %s)\n",
+      "    sys.stdout.write (\"\\n\")\n",
+      "print  \"                                 %d\" %p\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the no of lines in the pyramid: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\t\tREVERSED PYRAMID OF DIGITS\n",
+        "           7   8   9  10  11  12  12\b  11\b  10\b   9\b   8\b   7\b\n",
+        "               6   7   8   9  10  10\b   9\b   8\b   7\b   6\b\n",
+        "                   5   6   7   8   8\b   7\b   6\b   5\b\n",
+        "                       4   5   6   6\b   5\b   4\b\n",
+        "                           3   4   4\b   3\b\n",
+        "                               2   2\b\n",
+        "                                \n",
+        "                                 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.13, page no. 137"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n = 20\n",
+      "x = float(raw_input(\"Input x: \"))\n",
+      "x = x*3.1412/180\n",
+      "t = 1\n",
+      "sum = 1\n",
+      "for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "    t = t*pow(-1, (2*i-1))*x*x/(2*i*(2*i-1))\n",
+      "    sum += t\n",
+      "print \"COS(X) = %7.3f\" %sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input x: 90.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COS(X) =   0.000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 62
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14, page no. 138"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Enter the number of lines: \"))\n",
+      "for p in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n-p):\n",
+      "        print \"     \",\n",
+      "    m = p\n",
+      "    for q in range(1, p+1):\n",
+      "        print \"%4d\" %m,\n",
+      "        m +=1\n",
+      "    m = m - 2\n",
+      "    for q in range(1, p):\n",
+      "        print \"%4d\" %m,\n",
+      "        m-=1\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\n\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of lines: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "                                 1 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                           2    3    2 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "                     3    4    5    4    3 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "               4    5    6    7    6    5    4 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "         5    6    7    8    9    8    7    6    5 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "   6    7    8    9   10   11   10    9    8    7    6 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "   7    8    9   10   11   12   13   12   11   10    9    8    7 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 67
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter5.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..277c10b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1515 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ce6594f5391167e50e92652dc99b5d59ded886787329ad2d8f4011e41b7e20c7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5: Functions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example main.c, page no. 157"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Welcome to functions\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Welcome to functions\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example prtmsg2.c, page no. 158"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def PrintMesg():\n",
+      "    print \"PrintMesg, Welcome to functions\"\n",
+      "print \"Main, Welcome to functions\"\n",
+      "PrintMesg()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Main, Welcome to functions\n",
+        "PrintMesg, Welcome to functions\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1, page no. 160"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "print \"The ccube of 10 is\", cube(10)\n",
+      "input_int = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "print \"The cube of \", input_int, \"is \", cube(input_int)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ccube of 10 is 1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of  20 is  8000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2, page no. 161"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of function declaration in Python, program will remain same as above\n",
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "print \"The cube of 10 is\", cube(10)\n",
+      "input_int = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "print \"The cube of \", input_int, \"is \", cube(input_int)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of 10 is 1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of  20 is  8000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3, page no. 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#\\a for the beed would not work in Python\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "print \"The cube of 10 is\", cube(10)\n",
+      "input_int = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "if input_int < 1:\n",
+      "    print \"Input is invalid!\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The cube of \", input_int, \"is \", cube(input_int)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of 10 is 1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: -9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input is invalid!\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4, page no. 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of function declaration in Python. So, the program will remain same as above\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def cube(i):\n",
+      "    return i*i*i\n",
+      "print \"The cube of 10 is\", cube(10)\n",
+      "input_int = int(raw_input(\"Input an integer: \"))\n",
+      "if input_int < 1:\n",
+      "    print \"Input is invalid!\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The cube of \", input_int, \"is \", cube(input_int)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of 10 is 1000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input an integer: 20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cube of  20 is  8000\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7, page no. 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def maxfunc(i, j , k):\n",
+      "    if i >= j and i >= k:\n",
+      "        max = i\n",
+      "    elif j >=k :\n",
+      "        max = j\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        max = k\n",
+      "    return max\n",
+      "print \"Input 3 numbers\"\n",
+      "a = int(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "b = int(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "c = int(raw_input(\"c: \"))\n",
+      "m = maxfunc(a, b, c)\n",
+      "print \"The maximum is \", m"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input 3 numbers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "c: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum is  6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example funded.c, page no. 168"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def max(a, b):\n",
+      "    return a if a > b else b\n",
+      "print \"Enter 2 numbers\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"i: \"))\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input(\"j: \"))\n",
+      "iMax = max(i,j)\n",
+      "print \"The maximum of %d and %d is %d\" %(i, j, iMax)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 2 numbers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "j: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum of 5 and 7 is 7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example square1.c, page no. 169"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def SquareInt(x):\n",
+      "    return x**2\n",
+      "Sq = SquareInt(32)\n",
+      "print \"The square of 32 is\", Sq"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The square of 32 is 1024\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5, page no. 170"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def Min(m, n):\n",
+      "    if m > n:\n",
+      "        MinNum = n\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        MinNum = m\n",
+      "    return MinNum\n",
+      "print \"Enter 2 numbers\"\n",
+      "a = int(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "b = int(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "Small = Min(a,b)\n",
+      "print \"The minimum of 2 numbers is \", Small\n",
+      "print \"The minimum of 2 numbers is \", Min(a,b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 2 numbers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 32567\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 32657\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum of 2 numbers is  32567\n",
+        "The minimum of 2 numbers is  32567\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example pval.c, page no. 171"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def ModifierFunc(Num):\n",
+      "    print \"In function, the value of Num is %d\" %Num\n",
+      "    Num = 19\n",
+      "    print \"In function, after changing, value of Num is: %d\" %Num\n",
+      "Num = 100\n",
+      "print \"In Main, the value of num is %d\" %Num\n",
+      "ModifierFunc(Num)\n",
+      "print \"After calling function, the value of Num is %d\" %Num"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "In Main, the value of num is 100\n",
+        "In function, the value of Num is 100\n",
+        "In function, after changing, value of Num is: 19\n",
+        "After calling function, the value of Num is 100\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example swap1.c, page no. 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def swap(a, b):\n",
+      "    temp = a\n",
+      "    a = b\n",
+      "    b = temp\n",
+      "print \"Input 2 integers\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"i: \"))\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input(\"j: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Before Swapping: \", i, j\n",
+      "swap(i, j)\n",
+      "print \"After Swapping: \", i , j"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input 2 integers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "j: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Before Swapping:  3 5\n",
+        "After Swapping:  3 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example swap2.c, page no. 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def swap(l):\n",
+      "    temp = l[0]\n",
+      "    l[0] = l[1]\n",
+      "    l[1] = temp\n",
+      "    return l\n",
+      "print \"Input 2 integers\"\n",
+      "i = int(raw_input(\"i: \"))\n",
+      "j = int(raw_input(\"j: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Before Swapping: \", i, j\n",
+      "a = [i, j]\n",
+      "l = swap(a)\n",
+      "print \"After Swapping: \", l[0] , l[1]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input 2 integers\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "j: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Before Swapping:  3 5\n",
+        "After Swapping:  5 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6, page no. 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def fact(n):\n",
+      "    if n == 0:\n",
+      "        lfact = 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        lfact = 1\n",
+      "        for i in range(2, n+1):\n",
+      "            lfact = lfact * i\n",
+      "    return lfact\n",
+      "num = int(raw_input(\"Enter a positive number: \"))\n",
+      "factorial = fact(num)\n",
+      "print \"The factorial of %d is %d\" %(num, factorial)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a positive number: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The factorial of 5 is 120\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.7, page no. 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def SumTwo(n1, n2):\n",
+      "    return n1+n2\n",
+      "def SumThree(n1, n2, n3):\n",
+      "    return n1+n2+n3\n",
+      "i = 56\n",
+      "j = 32\n",
+      "SumTwo(3, 4)\n",
+      "SumTwo(i, j), SumThree(100, i, j)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 19,
+       "text": [
+        "(88, 188)"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.8, page no. 175"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#mistake in the book, it should print both 0 & 1 at the start instead of just 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Fib(TotNum):\n",
+      "    fLast = 1\n",
+      "    sLast = 0\n",
+      "    print \"Fibonacci numbers: \"\n",
+      "    print \"0 1\",\n",
+      "    while(TotNum > 2):\n",
+      "        CurNum = fLast + sLast\n",
+      "        print CurNum,\n",
+      "        sLast = fLast\n",
+      "        fLast = CurNum\n",
+      "        TotNum -= 1\n",
+      "print \"Program to generate fibonacci numbers\"\n",
+      "print \"Enter the total numbers to be generated: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "Fib(n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Program to generate fibonacci numbers\n",
+        "Enter the total numbers to be generated: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Fibonacci numbers: \n",
+        "0 1 1 2 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9, page no. 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def Sum20():\n",
+      "    sum = 0\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 21):\n",
+      "        sum += i\n",
+      "    return sum\n",
+      "print \"Program to print the sum of first 20 numbers\"\n",
+      "print \"The sum of first 20 number is \", Sum20()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Program to print the sum of first 20 numbers\n",
+        "The sum of first 20 number is  210\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10, page no. 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def isPalindrome(string):\n",
+      "    len1 = len(string)\n",
+      "    if len1 == 0:\n",
+      "        return True\n",
+      "    if string==string[::-1]:\n",
+      "        return True\n",
+      "    return False\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Program to test the given string is a palindrome\"\n",
+      "string =  raw_input(\"Enter a string : \")\n",
+      "if isPalindrome(string):\n",
+      "    print \"The given string %s is a palindrome\"%string\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The given string %s is not a palindrome\"%string"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Program to test the given string is a palindrome\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string : ratsdrowninwordstar\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The given string ratsdrowninwordstar is a palindrome\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example ifact.c, page no. 178"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def calc_fact(num):\n",
+      "    fact = 1\n",
+      "    for i in range(num, 1, -1):\n",
+      "        fact *= i\n",
+      "    return fact\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Enter an integer: \"))\n",
+      "print \"The factorial of %d is %d\" %(n, calc_fact(n))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an integer: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The factorial of 5 is 120\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11, page no. 179"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#output will differ as there is no concept of static in Python\n",
+      "i = 1\n",
+      "def CountNumber(n):\n",
+      "    global i\n",
+      "    print \"In the function the value of n is %d\" %n\n",
+      "    print \"The depth of the call is: %d\" %i\n",
+      "    i +=1\n",
+      "    if n > 1:\n",
+      "        CountNumber(n-1)\n",
+      "    print \"After recurssive the value of i is %d\" %i\n",
+      "num = 3\n",
+      "CountNumber(num)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "In the function the value of n is 3\n",
+        "The depth of the call is: 1\n",
+        "In the function the value of n is 2\n",
+        "The depth of the call is: 2\n",
+        "In the function the value of n is 1\n",
+        "The depth of the call is: 3\n",
+        "After recurssive the value of i is 4\n",
+        "After recurssive the value of i is 4\n",
+        "After recurssive the value of i is 4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example fibrec1.c, page no. 180"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def uFibr(uNum):\n",
+      "    if uNum == 0:\n",
+      "        return 0\n",
+      "    elif uNum == 1:\n",
+      "        return 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return uFibr(uNum-1)+uFibr(uNum-2)\n",
+      "uTnum = int(raw_input(\"Enter how many number are to be generated: \"))\n",
+      "print \"The Fibonacci sequences are: \"\n",
+      "for uIndex in range(uTnum):\n",
+      "    print \"%u\" %uFibr(uIndex),"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter how many number are to be generated: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Fibonacci sequences are: \n",
+        "0 1 1 2 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example fiborec2.c, page no. 181"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "f1 = 0\n",
+      "f2 = 1\n",
+      "def Fib(n):\n",
+      "    global f1,f2\n",
+      "    if n < 2:\n",
+      "        f1 = 0\n",
+      "        f2 = 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        Fib(n-1)\n",
+      "        temp = f2\n",
+      "        f2 = f1+f2\n",
+      "        f1 = temp\n",
+      "print \"Number of terms to be generated ?\",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Fibonacci sequence up to %d terms: \" %n,Fib(n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of terms to be generated ?"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Fibonacci sequence up to 10 terms:  0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 None\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Eample 5.13, page no. 184"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def gcd(p, q):\n",
+      "    remainder = p-(p/q*q)\n",
+      "    if remainder == 0:\n",
+      "        return q\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return gcd(q, remainder)\n",
+      "print \"Type in any 2 nubers whose GCD is to be found: \"\n",
+      "a = int(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "b = int(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "iGcd = gcd(a, b)\n",
+      "print iGcd\n",
+      "print \"GCD of %d and %d is %d\" %(a, b, iGcd)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Type in any 2 nubers whose GCD is to be found: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 13\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n",
+        "GCD of 13 and 45 is 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14, page no. 185"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def hanoi(n, sndl, indl, dndl):\n",
+      "    if n != 0:\n",
+      "        hanoi(n-1, sndl, dndl, indl)\n",
+      "        print \"Move disk %d from %c to %c\" %(n, sndl, dndl)\n",
+      "        hanoi(n-1, indl, sndl, dndl)\n",
+      "snvalue = 'L'\n",
+      "invalue = 'C'\n",
+      "dnvalue = 'R'\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of disks: \",\n",
+      "nvalue = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Tower of Hanoi problem with %d disks\" %nvalue\n",
+      "hanoi(nvalue, snvalue, invalue, dnvalue)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of disks: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Tower of Hanoi problem with 3 disks\n",
+        "Move disk 1 from L to R\n",
+        "Move disk 2 from L to C\n",
+        "Move disk 1 from R to C\n",
+        "Move disk 3 from L to R\n",
+        "Move disk 1 from C to L\n",
+        "Move disk 2 from C to R\n",
+        "Move disk 1 from L to R\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15, page nol 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "mid = 0\n",
+      "def binSrch(b, key, low, high):\n",
+      "    global mid\n",
+      "    if low <= high:\n",
+      "        mid = int((low+high)/2)\n",
+      "        if key < b[mid]:\n",
+      "            high = mid - 1\n",
+      "            return binSrch(b, key, low, high)\n",
+      "        elif key > b[mid]:\n",
+      "            low = mid + 1\n",
+      "            return binSrch(b, key, low, high)\n",
+      "        elif b[mid] == key:\n",
+      "            return mid+1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return 0\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Enter the size of array: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Array elements (ascending order) ?\"\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"Element to be searched ?\",\n",
+      "key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "position = binSrch(a, key, 0, n-1)\n",
+      "if position == 0 :\n",
+      "    print \"Unsuccessful search, %d not found\" %key\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Successful search\"\n",
+      "    print \"%d found at position %d\" %(key, position)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the size of array: 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Array elements (ascending order) ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "67\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "89\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "99\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "100\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Element to be searched ?"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "99\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Successful search\n",
+        "99 found at position 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16, page no. 188"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def my_max(j, n, a):\n",
+      "    if n == 0:\n",
+      "        return a[j]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        m1 = my_max(j, n/2, a)\n",
+      "        m2 = my_max(j + n/2 + 1, n/2, a)\n",
+      "        if m1 < m2:\n",
+      "            return m2\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return m1\n",
+      "def my_min(j, n, a):\n",
+      "    if n == 0:\n",
+      "        return a[j]\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        m1 = my_min(j, n/2, a)\n",
+      "        m2 = my_min(j + n/2 + 1, n/2, a)\n",
+      "        if m1 < m2:\n",
+      "            return m1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return m2\n",
+      "print \"Finding the maximum and minimum recursively\"\n",
+      "print \"Number of elements in vector ?\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Vector elements ?\"\n",
+      "x = []\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    x.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "m = n - 1\n",
+      "maxim = my_max(i, m, x)\n",
+      "print \"Maximum of %d elements is %d\" %(n, maxim)\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "m = n - 1\n",
+      "minim = my_min(i,m,x)\n",
+      "print \"Minimum of %d elements is %d\" %(n, minim)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Finding the maximum and minimum recursively\n",
+        "Number of elements in vector ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector elements ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "54\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "89\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum of 8 elements is 89\n",
+        "0 7 [12, 34, 56, 78, 54, -12, 0, 89]\n",
+        "Minimum of 8 elements is -12\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.17, page no. 189"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Command line arguments cannot be done using IPython notebook. Hence, skipping the example"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18, page no. 190"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Command line arguments"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter6.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99bf0cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:2b98cee86e6322a41a7dca7a85df32b68e0995a4fde2b6249b408a952c9387e4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6: Scope & Extent"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example scope1.c, page no. 202"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#as mentioned in the textbook, the statement j = 30 will not give an error as in Python you can declare a vairable anywhere\n",
+      "#however, the statement does not refer to the variable j of the function.\n",
+      "def func():\n",
+      "    j = 20\n",
+      "    print \"j is a variable in the function\"\n",
+      "    print \"Value of j is \",j\n",
+      "i = 10\n",
+      "print \"i is a variable in main.\"\n",
+      "print \"Value of i is \", i\n",
+      "print \"Calling func...\"\n",
+      "func()\n",
+      "j = 30"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i is a variable in main.\n",
+        "Value of i is  10\n",
+        "Calling func...\n",
+        "j is a variable in the function\n",
+        "Value of j is  20\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example global.c, page no. 202"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "g = 0\n",
+      "def func():\n",
+      "    global g\n",
+      "    print \"In func. g is visbile here, since it is global\"\n",
+      "    print \"Incrementing g in func...\"\n",
+      "    g += 1\n",
+      "    return g\n",
+      "print \"In main. g is visible here, since it is global\"\n",
+      "print \"assigning 20 to g in main...\"\n",
+      "g = 20\n",
+      "print \"Callint func...\"\n",
+      "func()\n",
+      "print \"func returned g is \", g"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "In main. g is visible here, since it is global\n",
+        "assigning 20 to g in main...\n",
+        "Callint func...\n",
+        "In func. g is visbile here, since it is global\n",
+        "Incrementing g in func...\n",
+        "func returned g is  21\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example colcolon.c, page no. 203"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of scope resolution operator in Python. we will do it in different way\n",
+      "a = 10\n",
+      "def func():\n",
+      "    global a\n",
+      "    b = 20\n",
+      "    print b\n",
+      "    print a\n",
+      "func()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "20\n",
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.1, page no. 204"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#there is no concept of block in Python. writing if True is smiliar to it but still, output will differ\n",
+      "j = 144\n",
+      "print \"The value of j outside the block is \", j\n",
+      "if True:\n",
+      "    j = 12\n",
+      "    print \"The value of j inside the block is \", j\n",
+      "print \"The value of j outside the block is \", j"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of j outside the block is  144\n",
+        "The value of j inside the block is  12\n",
+        "The value of j outside the block is  12\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.2, page no. 205"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i = 144\n",
+      "j = 132\n",
+      "print \"i = \", i\n",
+      "if True:\n",
+      "    k = 12\n",
+      "    k = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    i = i%k\n",
+      "if i == 0:\n",
+      "    print \"i is a divisor of %d \" %k"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i =  144\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "25\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.3, page no. 205"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "iNum = 5\n",
+      "jNum = 30\n",
+      "if True:\n",
+      "    iNum = 10\n",
+      "    print \"%d %d\" %(iNum, jNum)\n",
+      "print \"%d %d\" %(iNum, jNum)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10 30\n",
+        "10 30\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7, page no. 207"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "cName = raw_input(\"Enter a string: \")\n",
+      "print \"The reverse of the string is: \"\n",
+      "print cName[::-1]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string: this is a string\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reverse of the string is: \n",
+        "gnirts a si siht\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.4 pageno : 206"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "iGlobal = 35\n",
+      "Number = 47\n",
+      "iVal = 99\n",
+      "Number = 1000\n",
+      "print \"The value of local variable Number is %d\"%Number\n",
+      "print \"The value of global variable iGlobal is %d\"%iGlobal\n",
+      "print \"The value of global variable Number is %d\"%Number\n",
+      "print \"The value of static global variable iVal is %d\"%iVal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Python has no static functionality. and also local variable changes value when value assigned to it."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of local variable Number is 1000\n",
+        "The value of global variable iGlobal is 35\n",
+        "The value of global variable Number is 1000\n",
+        "The value of static global variable iVal is 99\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.5, page no. 208"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "Count = 1\n",
+      "def PrintCount():\n",
+      "    global Count\n",
+      "    print \"Count = %d\" %Count\n",
+      "    Count = Count + 1\n",
+      "PrintCount()\n",
+      "PrintCount()\n",
+      "PrintCount()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Count = 1\n",
+        "Count = 2\n",
+        "Count = 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.6, page no.208"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "uF1 = 0\n",
+      "uF2 = 1\n",
+      "def PrintNextFibo():\n",
+      "    global uF1,uF2\n",
+      "    uFpre = uF1 + uF2\n",
+      "    print \"%d\" %uFpre ,\n",
+      "    uF2 = uF1\n",
+      "    uF1 = uFpre\n",
+      "print \"Fibonacci sequences using static variables :\"\n",
+      "print \"Enter how many number are to be generated :\",\n",
+      "itotNum = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"The first %d fibonacci numbers are\" %itotNum\n",
+      "for iIndex in range(1,itotNum+1):\n",
+      "    PrintNextFibo()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# it starts with zero but here function created called uses global variable so we need to print/assume manually zero value."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Fibonacci sequences using static variables :\n",
+        "Enter how many number are to be generated :"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The first 5 fibonacci numbers are\n",
+        "1 1 2 3 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 209"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import linsrch\n",
+      "import bubble\n",
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "num = 5\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "pos = 1\n",
+      "print \"Enter five elements\"\n",
+      "while i < num:\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "    i+=1\n",
+      "print \"Enter element to be searched: \",\n",
+      "key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "pos = linsrch.LinSrch(arr, num, key)\n",
+      "if pos:\n",
+      "    print \"Element %d found at %d position\" %(key, pos)\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Ellement %d not found\" %key\n",
+      "bubble.BubSort(arr, num)\n",
+      "print \"The sorted element are\"\n",
+      "for ele in arr:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter five elements\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "48\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "22\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter element to be searched: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "22\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Element 22 found at 5 position\n",
+        "The sorted element are\n",
+        "12 15 22 48 56\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import myglobal\n",
+      "globalVar = 10\n",
+      "print \"globalVar before calling = \", globalVar\n",
+      "myglobal.inc_global(globalVar)\n",
+      "print \"globalVar after calling  \", globalVar"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "globalVar before calling =  10\n",
+        "globalVar after calling   10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 212"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import myglobal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "globalVar = 10\n",
+      "print \"globalVar before calling = \", globalVar\n",
+      "g = myglobal.inc_global(globalVar)\n",
+      "print \"globalVar after calling  \", g"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "globalVar before calling =  10\n",
+        "globalVar after calling   11\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter7.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e41cbc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2482 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:df255fa9a4e53028d13370030da5fb9293c0b07c60111131baf99b22bd751792"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7 : Array and Strings"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 221"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "a1 = int(raw_input(\"Age:\"))\n",
+      "sum += a1\n",
+      "a2 = int(raw_input(\"Age:\"))\n",
+      "sum += a2\n",
+      "a3 = int(raw_input(\"Age:\"))\n",
+      "sum += a3\n",
+      "a4 = int(raw_input(\"Age:\"))\n",
+      "sum += a4\n",
+      "a5 = int(raw_input(\"Age:\"))\n",
+      "sum += a5\n",
+      "print \"The ages that were input are:\"\n",
+      "print a1\n",
+      "print a2\n",
+      "print a3\n",
+      "print a4\n",
+      "print a5\n",
+      "print \"Average = %d\" %(sum/5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age:10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age:20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age:30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age:40\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age:50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ages that were input are:\n",
+        "10\n",
+        "20\n",
+        "30\n",
+        "40\n",
+        "50\n",
+        "Average = 30\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 222"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "sum = 0.0\n",
+      "age = []\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Number of persons:\"))\n",
+      "if n<=0 or n>5:\n",
+      "    print \"Invalid number of person entered\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        age.append(int(raw_input(\"Age :\")))\n",
+      "        sum += age[i]\n",
+      "    print \"The ages input are:\"\n",
+      "    for i in range (n):\n",
+      "        print age[i]\n",
+      "    print \"The average is :\",(sum/n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of persons:5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age :10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age :20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age :30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age :40\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Age :50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ages input are:\n",
+        "10\n",
+        "20\n",
+        "30\n",
+        "40\n",
+        "50\n",
+        "The average is : 30.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1, page no. 225"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = []\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Size of vector ? \"))\n",
+      "print \"Vector elements ? \"\n",
+      "for i in range (n):\n",
+      "    a.append(float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "large =  max(a)\n",
+      "small = min(a)\n",
+      "print \"Largest element in vector is %8.2f\" %large\n",
+      "print \"Smallest element in vector is %8.2f\" %small"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of vector ? 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector elements ? \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-9.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-6.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "36.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Largest element in vector is    36.00\n",
+        "Smallest element in vector is    -9.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2, page no. 226"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = []\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Size of vector ? \"))\n",
+      "print \"Vector elements ? \"\n",
+      "for i in range (n):\n",
+      "    a.append(float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "for i in range (n-1):\n",
+      "    for j in range(i+1,n):\n",
+      "        if a[i]> a[j]:\n",
+      "            a[i],a[j]=a[j],a[i]\n",
+      "print \"Vector elements in ascending order :\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"%8.2f\" %a[i]\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of vector ? 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector elements ? \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "91.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "20.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "11.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-2.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector elements in ascending order :\n",
+        "   -2.00\n",
+        "    1.00\n",
+        "    6.00\n",
+        "    7.00\n",
+        "   11.00\n",
+        "   20.00\n",
+        "   34.00\n",
+        "   91.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3, page no. 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = []\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Size of vector ? \"))\n",
+      "print \"Vector elements ? \"\n",
+      "for i in range (n):\n",
+      "    a.append(float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "item = float(raw_input(\"Element to be inserted ?\"))\n",
+      "pos = int(raw_input(\"Position of insertion ?\"))\n",
+      "a.insert(pos-1, item)\n",
+      "print \"Vector after insertion\"\n",
+      "for ele in a:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of vector ? 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector elements ? \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Element to be inserted ?10.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Position of insertion ?1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector after insertion\n",
+        "10.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example arrfunc.c, page no. 230"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "rollno = 4\n",
+      "subject = 3\n",
+      "def display(studentmarks):\n",
+      "    for r in range(rollno):\n",
+      "        print \"\\nRoll no.: \", r+1,\n",
+      "        for s in range(subject):\n",
+      "            print \"%10.2f\" %studentmarks[r][s],\n",
+      "marks =[[35.5, 40.5, 45.5],\n",
+      "        [50.5, 55.5, 60.5],\n",
+      "        [65.0, 70.0, 75.5],\n",
+      "        [80.0, 85.0, 90.0]]\n",
+      "display(marks)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Roll no.:  1      35.50      40.50      45.50 \n",
+        "Roll no.:  2      50.50      55.50      60.50 \n",
+        "Roll no.:  3      65.00      70.00      75.50 \n",
+        "Roll no.:  4      80.00      85.00      90.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.4, page no. 240"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "b = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "c = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of A matrix: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of B matrix: \"\n",
+      "p = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "q = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if n == p and m == q:\n",
+      "    print \"Matrices can be added\"\n",
+      "    print \"Input A matrix: \",\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(m):\n",
+      "            a[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "    print \"Input B matrix: \",\n",
+      "    for i in range(p):\n",
+      "        for j in range(q):\n",
+      "            b[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "    for i in range(p):\n",
+      "        for j in range(q):\n",
+      "            c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j]\n",
+      "    print \"Sum of A & B matrices: \"\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(m):\n",
+      "            print \"%5d\" %c[i][j],\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Matricess cannot be added\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of A matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of B matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Matrices can be added\n",
+        "Input A matrix: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Input B matrix: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Sum of A & B matrices: \n",
+        "    2     4     6 \n",
+        "    8    10    12 \n",
+        "   14    16    18 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5, page no. 233"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "print \"Enter the order of A matrix: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Input A matrix\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "trace = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    trace += a[i][i]\n",
+      "print \"Trace = \", trace"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the order of A matrix: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Input A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Trace =  15.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6, page no. 233"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def read_mat(a, m, n):\n",
+      "    for i in range(m):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n):\n",
+      "            a[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "def write_mat(a, m, n):\n",
+      "    for i in range(m):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"%d\" %a[i][j],\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "b = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "c = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of A matrix: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of b matrix: \"\n",
+      "k = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "q = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if n == k:\n",
+      "    print \"Matrices can be multiplied\"\n",
+      "    print \"Resultant Matrix is %d x %d\" %(m, q)\n",
+      "    print \"Input A matrix\"\n",
+      "    read_mat(a, m, n)\n",
+      "    print \"Input B matrix\"\n",
+      "    read_mat(b, k, q)\n",
+      "    for i in range(m):\n",
+      "        for j in range(q):\n",
+      "            c[i][j] = 0\n",
+      "            for ip in range(n):\n",
+      "                c[i][j] = c[i][j]+a[i][ip]*b[ip][j]\n",
+      "    print \"Resultant of A and B matrices: \"\n",
+      "    write_mat(c, m, q)\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"col of matrix A must be equal to row of matrix B\"\n",
+      "    print \"Matrices cannot be multiplied\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of A matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of b matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Matrices can be multiplied\n",
+        "Resultant Matrix is 3 x 3\n",
+        "Input A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input B matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resultant of A and B matrices: \n",
+        "30 36 42 \n",
+        "66 81 96 \n",
+        "102 126 150 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.7, page no. 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of A matrix: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input A matrix: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(m):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Transpose of matrix A is\"\n",
+      "for i in range(m):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        print \"%5d\" %a[j][i],\n",
+      "    print \"\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of A matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input A matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Transpose of matrix A is\n",
+        "    1     5     9 \n",
+        "    2     6     6 \n",
+        "    3     7     7 \n",
+        "    4     8     8 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 55
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8, page no. 237"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "strc = \"This is a string literal\"\n",
+      "print strc"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "This is a string literal\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 57
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example starray.c, page no. 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "names = [\"Tejaswi\",\n",
+      "         \"Prasad\",\n",
+      "         \"Prasanth\",\n",
+      "         \"Prakash\",\n",
+      "         \"Anand\",]\n",
+      "for name in names:\n",
+      "    print name"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Tejaswi\n",
+        "Prasad\n",
+        "Prasanth\n",
+        "Prakash\n",
+        "Anand\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 59
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strcat.c, page no. 239"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "oneString = \"Fish\"\n",
+      "twoString = \"face\"\n",
+      "oneString += twoString\n",
+      "print oneString"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Fishface\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 63
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.9, page no. 241"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = []\n",
+      "print \"Size of vector ?\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "num = n\n",
+      "print \"Vector Elements ?\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "a = set(a)\n",
+      "a = list(a)\n",
+      "length = len(a)\n",
+      "print length\n",
+      "if length == n:\n",
+      "    print \"No duplicates found\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Vector has %d duplicates\" %(num - length)\n",
+      "    print \"Vector after deleting duplicates: \",\n",
+      "    for ele in a:\n",
+      "        print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of vector ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vector Elements ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n",
+        "Vector has 2 duplicates\n",
+        "Vector after deleting duplicates:  1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 73
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.10, page no. 242"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "grade = ['', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', '']\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((50,10))\n",
+      "print \"Number of students ?\",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    sum = 0.0\n",
+      "    print \"Enter 3 socres of student %d\" %(i+1)\n",
+      "    for j in range(3):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = (float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "        sum += a[i][j]\n",
+      "    avg = sum/3\n",
+      "    a[i][3] = avg\n",
+      "    if avg < 30.0:\n",
+      "        grade[i] = 'E'\n",
+      "    elif avg < 60.0:\n",
+      "        grade[i] = 'D'\n",
+      "    elif avg < 75.0:\n",
+      "        grade[i] = 'B'\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        grade[i] = 'A'\n",
+      "print \"S1.no      scores             AVERAGE   GRADE\"\n",
+      "print \"---------------------------------------------\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print i+1,\n",
+      "    for j in range(4):\n",
+      "        print \"%8.2f\" %a[i][j],\n",
+      "    print \"%6c\" %grade[i],\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "    print \"---------------------------------------------\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of students ?"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 3 socres of student 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "67\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "86\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "58\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 3 socres of student 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "23.9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 3 socres of student 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "80\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "97\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "73\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 3 socres of student 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "56.8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "47.9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "62.0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 3 socres of student 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "35\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "40\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "S1.no      scores             AVERAGE   GRADE\n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n",
+        "1    67.00    86.00    58.00    70.33      B \n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n",
+        "2    20.00    30.00    23.90    24.63      E \n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n",
+        "3    80.00    97.00    73.00    83.33      A \n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n",
+        "4    56.80    47.90    62.00    55.57      D \n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n",
+        "5    45.00    35.00    40.00    40.00      D \n",
+        "---------------------------------------------\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 85
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.11, page no. 243"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sumsq = 0\n",
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "print \"Calculation standard deviation of a\"\n",
+      "print \"Enter size of the list: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "x = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the %d items \" %n\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    x.append(float(raw_input()))\n",
+      "    sum += x[i]\n",
+      "mean = sum/n\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    sumsq = sumsq + (mean-x[i]) * (mean-x[i])\n",
+      "variance = sumsq/n\n",
+      "sdn = math.sqrt(variance)\n",
+      "print \"Mean of %5d items     : %10.6f\" %(n, mean)\n",
+      "print \"Variance               : %10.6f\" %(variance)\n",
+      "print \"Standard Deviation     : %10.6f\" %sdn"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Calculation standard deviation of a\n",
+        "Enter size of the list: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the 7 items \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "32\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "11\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "90\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "52\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "24\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mean of     7 items     :  35.714286\n",
+        "Variance               : 685.918367\n",
+        "Standard Deviation     :  26.190043\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 89
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.12, page no. 244"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def nrm(a, n, m):\n",
+      "    sum = 0.0\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(m):\n",
+      "            sum = sum + a[i][j] * a[i][j]\n",
+      "    print \"Sum = %6.2f\" %sum\n",
+      "    return math.sqrt(sum)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "print \"Input row & column of A matrix\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Input A matrix\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(m):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = float(raw_input())\n",
+      "norm = nrm(a, n, m)\n",
+      "print \"Norm = %6.2f\" %norm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input row & column of A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sum = 285.00\n",
+        "Norm =  16.88\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 90
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.13, page no. 245"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((5, 5))\n",
+      "flag = True\n",
+      "print \"Input size of matrix\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "m = int(raw_input(\"column: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Enter the elements of the matrix: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(m):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = float(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(m):\n",
+      "    min = a[i][0]\n",
+      "    p = i\n",
+      "    q = 0\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        if min > a[i][j]:\n",
+      "            min = a[i][j]\n",
+      "            p = i\n",
+      "            q = j\n",
+      "    for j in range(m):\n",
+      "        if j != q:\n",
+      "            if a[j][q] > a[p][q]:\n",
+      "                flag = False\n",
+      "    if flag:\n",
+      "        print \"Saddle point a[%d][%d] = %d\" %(p+1, q+1, a[p][q])\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"No saddle is in row %d\" %(i+1)\n",
+      "    flag = True"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input size of matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "column: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the elements of the matrix: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Saddle point a[1][2] = 5\n",
+        "Saddle point a[2][2] = 5\n",
+        "No saddle is in row 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 91
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.14, page no. 246"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "b = numpy.zeros((10, 10))\n",
+      "flag = None\n",
+      "print \"Input order of A matrix\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"row: \"))\n",
+      "print \"Input  A matrix\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        a[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        b[i][j] = a[j][i]\n",
+      "print \"Transpose of A matrix\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        print \"%5d\" %b[i][j],\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        if a[i][j] != b[i][j]:\n",
+      "            flag = True\n",
+      "if flag:\n",
+      "    print \"Matrix is not symmetric\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Matrix is symmetric\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input order of A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "row: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input  A matrix\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Transpose of A matrix\n",
+        "    1     3 \n",
+        "    2     4 \n",
+        "Matrix is not symmetric\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 96
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter8.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b93801ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2252 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a09d4bcf6c9368fe8d58466e4e36512ef92468a06ab7b1aa67d8417eff2354ac"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8: Pointers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example getaddr.c, page no. 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Note: There is no concept of pointers in Python. Hence, output may not match for some of the examples."
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = 100\n",
+      "b = 200\n",
+      "c = 300\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Address: %x contains value: %i\" %(a, a)\n",
+      "print \"Address: %x contains value: %i\" %(b, b)\n",
+      "print \"Address: %x contains value: %i\" %(c, c)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Address: 64 contains value: 100\n",
+        "Address: c8 contains value: 200\n",
+        "Address: 12c contains value: 300\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1, page no. 263"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i = 7\n",
+      "f = 10.5\n",
+      "c = 'A'\n",
+      "print \"%d is stored at address %u\" %(i, id(i))\n",
+      "print \"%f is stored at address %u\" %(f, id(f))\n",
+      "print \"%c is stored at address %u\" %(c, id(c))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7 is stored at address 41297768\n",
+        "10.500000 is stored at address 53588120\n",
+        "A is stored at address 140471220157656\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2, page no. 263"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "var1 = 10\n",
+      "var2 = 20\n",
+      "iptr = id(var1)\n",
+      "print \"Address and contents of var1 is: %d & %d\" %(iptr, var1)\n",
+      "iptr = id(var2)\n",
+      "print \"Address and contents of var1 is: %d & %d\" %(iptr, var2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Address and contents of var1 is: 41297696 & 10\n",
+        "Address and contents of var1 is: 41297456 & 20\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example derefer.c, page no. 265"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#note: we have used var1 instead of iptr because there is no point of pointer in python. Hence, instead of *iptr \n",
+      "#we have to refer to the same variable\n",
+      "var1 = 0\n",
+      "iptr = id(var1)\n",
+      "var1 = 25\n",
+      "var1 += 10\n",
+      "print \"Variable var1 contains %i \" %var1\n",
+      "var2 = var1\n",
+      "print \"Variable var2 contains: %i\" %var2\n",
+      "iptr = id(var2)\n",
+      "var2 += 20\n",
+      "print \"Variable var2 now contains: %i\" %var2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Variable var1 contains 35 \n",
+        "Variable var2 contains: 35\n",
+        "Variable var2 now contains: 55\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3, page no. 267"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = 5\n",
+      "b = 10\n",
+      "ptr = id(a)\n",
+      "print \"Initial values of a & b\"\n",
+      "print \"a = %d\" %a\n",
+      "print \"b = %d\" %b\n",
+      "b = a\n",
+      "print \"Changed values of a & b\"\n",
+      "print \"a = %d\" %a\n",
+      "print \"b = %d\" %b\n",
+      "print \"Address of variable is \", id(a)\n",
+      "print \"Address of variable is \", id(b)\n",
+      "print \"Address assigned to pointer ptr is \", id(ptr)\n",
+      "print \"Value pointer ptr access is \", a"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Initial values of a & b\n",
+        "a = 5\n",
+        "b = 10\n",
+        "Changed values of a & b\n",
+        "a = 5\n",
+        "b = 5\n",
+        "Address of variable is  41297816\n",
+        "Address of variable is  41297816\n",
+        "Address assigned to pointer ptr is  51460736\n",
+        "Value pointer ptr access is  5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4, page no. 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def swap(d1, d2):\n",
+      "    return d2, d1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Enter 2 real numbers:\"\n",
+      "data1 = float(raw_input(\"num1: \"))\n",
+      "data2 = float(raw_input(\"num2: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Data1 contains: \", data1\n",
+      "print \"Data2 contains: \", data2\n",
+      "data1, data2 = swap(data1, data2)\n",
+      "print \"After swapping.....\"\n",
+      "print \"Data1 contains: \", data1\n",
+      "print \"Data2 contains: \", data2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 2 real numbers:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num1: 23.55\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "num2: -65.73\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Data1 contains:  23.55\n",
+        "Data2 contains:  -65.73\n",
+        "After swapping.....\n",
+        "Data1 contains:  -65.73\n",
+        "Data2 contains:  23.55\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example voidptr.c, page no. 270"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "i1 = 100\n",
+      "f1 = 200.5\n",
+      "vptr = id(i1)\n",
+      "print \"i1 contains \", i1\n",
+      "vptr = id(f1)\n",
+      "print \"f1 contians \", f1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i1 contains  100\n",
+        "f1 contians  200.5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5, page no. 271"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#the way it is given in the textbook is not possible as there is no concept of pointers in Python\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "print \"Size of array ?\"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Array elements ?\"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "small = min(a)\n",
+      "print \"The smallest element is \", small"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of array ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Array elements ?\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-77\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The smallest element is  -77\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6, page no. 272"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = 5\n",
+      "b = 10\n",
+      "ptr1 = id(a)\n",
+      "ptr2 = id(b)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "c = a + b\n",
+      "d = a/b*7\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Addresses of variables 'a' and 'b': \"\n",
+      "print \"a: \", ptr1\n",
+      "print \"b: \", ptr2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Addresses of pointers 'ptr1' and 'ptr2' hold: \"\n",
+      "print \"ptr1: \", ptr1\n",
+      "print \"ptr2: \", ptr2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"values of 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd': \"\n",
+      "print \"a = %2d   b = %2d  c = %2d  d = %2d\" %(a,b,c,d)\n",
+      "print \"Values accessed by pointers 'ptr1' and 'ptr2': \"\n",
+      "print \"ptr1: \", ptr1\n",
+      "print \"ptr2: \", ptr2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Addresses of variables 'a' and 'b': \n",
+        "a:  37181336\n",
+        "b:  37181216\n",
+        "Addresses of pointers 'ptr1' and 'ptr2' hold: \n",
+        "ptr1:  37181336\n",
+        "ptr2:  37181216\n",
+        "values of 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd': \n",
+        "a =  5   b = 10  c = 15  d =  0\n",
+        "Values accessed by pointers 'ptr1' and 'ptr2': \n",
+        "ptr1:  37181336\n",
+        "ptr2:  37181216\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example farptr.c, page no. 275"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# not possible in Python"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example ptriptr.c, page no. 275"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "data = 0\n",
+      "iptr = id(data)\n",
+      "ptriptr = id(iptr)\n",
+      "data = 100\n",
+      "print \"Variable 'data' contains: \", data\n",
+      "ptriptr = 200\n",
+      "print \"Variable 'data' contains: \", data\n",
+      "#value of data won't change as there is no pointer\n",
+      "data = 300\n",
+      "print \"ptriptr is pointing to: \", data"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Variable 'data' contains:  100\n",
+        "Variable 'data' contains:  100\n",
+        "ptriptr is pointing to:  300\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "iarray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
+      "for i in range(5):\n",
+      "    print id(iarray[i]), iarray[i]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "37181432 1\n",
+        "37181408 2\n",
+        "37181384 3\n",
+        "37181360 4\n",
+        "37181336 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 279"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def sort_it(b):\n",
+      "    return sorted(b)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "print \"Eneter the number of elements in the array (lessthan 21): \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter the elements: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "arr = sort_it(a)\n",
+      "print \"The sorted array: \"\n",
+      "for ele in arr:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Eneter the number of elements in the array (lessthan 21): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The sorted array: \n",
+        "-4 0 1 4 7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7, page no. 280"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def SortByPtrExchange(person):\n",
+      "    return sorted(person)\n",
+      "choice = 'y'\n",
+      "person = []\n",
+      "while choice == 'y':\n",
+      "    print \"Enter Name: \"\n",
+      "    person.append(raw_input())\n",
+      "    print \"Enter another ? (y/n)\"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()\n",
+      "print \"Unsorted list: \"\n",
+      "for per in person:\n",
+      "    print per\n",
+      "person = SortByPtrExchange(person)\n",
+      "print \"Sorted List: \"\n",
+      "for per in person:\n",
+      "    print per"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Name: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter another ? (y/n)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Name: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Prasad\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter another ? (y/n)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Name: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Prakash\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter another ? (y/n)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Name: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Sudeep\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter another ? (y/n)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Name: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Anand\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter another ? (y/n)\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unsorted list: \n",
+        "Tejaswi\n",
+        "Prasad\n",
+        "Prakash\n",
+        "Sudeep\n",
+        "Anand\n",
+        "Sorted List: \n",
+        "Anand\n",
+        "Prakash\n",
+        "Prasad\n",
+        "Sudeep\n",
+        "Tejaswi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example argref.c, page no. 282"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def Add10(studentmarks):\n",
+      "    studentmarks += 10\n",
+      "    return studentmarks\n",
+      "Marks = 25\n",
+      "print \"Value of Marks = %d\" %Marks\n",
+      "Marks = Add10(Marks)\n",
+      "print \"Value of Marks after execution = %d\" %Marks"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Marks = 25\n",
+        "Value of Marks after execution = 35\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example accfunc.c, page no. 283"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "Max = 5\n",
+      "def Add10(studentmarks):\n",
+      "    global Max\n",
+      "    for i in range(Max):\n",
+      "        studentmarks[i] += 10\n",
+      "    return studentmarks\n",
+      "Marks = [25, 43, 70, 80, 76]\n",
+      "Marks = Add10(Marks)\n",
+      "for j in range(Max):\n",
+      "    print \"Marks[%d] = %d\" %(j, Marks[j])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Marks[0] = 35\n",
+        "Marks[1] = 53\n",
+        "Marks[2] = 80\n",
+        "Marks[3] = 90\n",
+        "Marks[4] = 86\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8, page no. 285"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def exchange(x, y):\n",
+      "    return y, x\n",
+      "print \"Program swaps values of the variables 'a' and 'b'\"\n",
+      "print \"Values of a & b: \"\n",
+      "a = int(raw_input(\"a: \"))\n",
+      "b = int(raw_input(\"b: \"))\n",
+      "print \"a: %5d \\t b = %5d\" %(a, b)\n",
+      "x, y = exchange(a, b)\n",
+      "print \"After swapping: \"\n",
+      "print \"a = %5d \\t b = %5d\" %(x, y)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Program swaps values of the variables 'a' and 'b'\n",
+        "Values of a & b: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a: 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b: 196\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a:    78 \t b =   196\n",
+        "After swapping: \n",
+        "a =   196 \t b =    78\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 287"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#not possible in Python. Hence, skipping"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 288"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = [1, 2, 3]\n",
+      "ptr = id(arr)\n",
+      "for i in range(3):\n",
+      "    print \"%d %d\" %(id(i), arr[i])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "37181456 1\n",
+        "37181432 2\n",
+        "37181408 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9, page no. 289"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
+      "for ele in arr[::-1]:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5 4 3 2 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10, page no. 289"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = [-1, -2, -3, -4, -5]\n",
+      "p = arr\n",
+      "arr = arr[::-1]\n",
+      "p = p[::-1]\n",
+      "for i in range(len(arr)):\n",
+      "    print arr[i], \"\\t\", p[i]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-5 \t-5\n",
+        "-4 \t-4\n",
+        "-3 \t-3\n",
+        "-2 \t-2\n",
+        "-1 \t-1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 290"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "ia = [2, 5, 9]\n",
+      "ptr = ia\n",
+      "for ele in ptr:\n",
+      "    print ele,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2 5 9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11, page no. 291"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def FindBig(x, y):\n",
+      "    return x if x > y else y\n",
+      "print \"Enter two integers: \"\n",
+      "a = int(raw_input(\"int1: \"))\n",
+      "b = int(raw_input(\"int2: \"))\n",
+      "big = FindBig(a, b)\n",
+      "print \"Variable name \\t address of the variable \\t value\"\n",
+      "print \"a \\t\\t %d \\t\\t\\t %d\"%(id(a), a)\n",
+      "print \"The bigger of the two integers\"\n",
+      "print \"big \\t\\t %d \\t\\t\\t %d\" %(id(big), big)\n",
+      "print \"The value as botained form pointer: \", big"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter two integers: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "int1: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "int2: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Variable name \t address of the variable \t value\n",
+        "a \t\t 37181336 \t\t\t 5\n",
+        "The bigger of the two integers\n",
+        "big \t\t 37181288 \t\t\t 7\n",
+        "The value as botained form pointer:  7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 47
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example string1.c, page no. 292"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "city = \"Bangalore\"\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "print \"Address \\t\\t\\t\\t Contents\"\n",
+      "for i in range(len(city)):\n",
+      "    print id(city[i]), \"\\t\\t\\t \", city[i], city[i], city[i]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Address \t\t\t\t Contents\n",
+        "140069470495088 \t\t\t  B B B\n",
+        "140069470360920 \t\t\t  a a a\n",
+        "140069470570416 \t\t\t  n n n\n",
+        "140069470363320 \t\t\t  g g g\n",
+        "140069470360920 \t\t\t  a a a\n",
+        "140069470363160 \t\t\t  l l l\n",
+        "140069470363280 \t\t\t  o o o\n",
+        "140069470569656 \t\t\t  r r r\n",
+        "140069470571696 \t\t\t  e e e\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 53
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 293"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "chArr = \"Pointer and Strings\"\n",
+      "chPtr = chArr\n",
+      "print \"Contents pointed by the pointer chPtr is: \", chPtr"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Contents pointed by the pointer chPtr is:  Pointer and Strings\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 55
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 293"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def usrstrlen(ptr):\n",
+      "    ln = 0\n",
+      "    for ele in ptr:\n",
+      "        ln += 1\n",
+      "    return ln\n",
+      "s1 = \"Good\"\n",
+      "print \"Length of string using standard library function\", \n",
+      "print len(s1)\n",
+      "length = usrstrlen(s1)\n",
+      "print \"Length of string using user defined function \", length"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Length of string using standard library function 4\n",
+        "Length of string using user defined function  4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 62
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12, page no. 294"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Enger the string to find it's length\"\n",
+      "string = raw_input()\n",
+      "print \"String is: \", string\n",
+      "print \"It's length is : \", len(string)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enger the string to find it's length\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Visvesvaraya College\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "String is:  Visvesvaraya College\n",
+        "It's length is :  20\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 63
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 294"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def usrstrcpy(s):\n",
+      "    s2 = []\n",
+      "    for ele in s:\n",
+      "        s2.append(ele)\n",
+      "    s2 = ''.join(s2)\n",
+      "    return s2\n",
+      "s1 = \"Good\"\n",
+      "s2 = s1\n",
+      "print \"Copied string using normal assignment is \", s2\n",
+      "s2 = usrstrcpy(s1)\n",
+      "print \"Copied string using user defined function is \", s2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Copied string using normal assignment is  Good\n",
+        "Copied string using user defined function is  Good\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 66
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 295"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def usrstrcat(s2, s1):\n",
+      "    return s1 + s2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "s1 = \"Good\"\n",
+      "s2 = \" Morning\"\n",
+      "s3 = s1+s2\n",
+      "print \"Concatenation using normal Python addition\",\n",
+      "print s3\n",
+      "s1 = usrstrcat(s2, s1)\n",
+      "print \"concatenation using user defined function is \", s1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Concatenation using normal Python addition Good Morning\n",
+        "concatenation using user defined function is  Good Morning\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 70
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 296"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#only user defined way is possible in Python. Normal way would return either True or False only\n",
+      "s1 = \"Good\"\n",
+      "s2 = \" Morning\"\n",
+      "if s1 < s2:\n",
+      "    r = -1\n",
+      "elif s1 > s2:\n",
+      "    r = 1\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    r = 0\n",
+      "print \"Comparison of strings using user defined way is \", r"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Comparison of strings using normal python way is  1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 72
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 297"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "pet = [\"lion\", \"cat\"]\n",
+      "for i in range(len(pet)):\n",
+      "    print id(pet[i]), pet[i]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "52705200 lion\n",
+        "140069470362560 cat\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 76
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.13, page no. 298"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "st = \"hello\"\n",
+      "for i in range(len(st)):\n",
+      "    print st[i], \"\\t\", st[i], \"\\t\", st[i], \"\\t\", st[i] "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "h \th \th \th\n",
+        "e \te \te \te\n",
+        "l \tl \tl \tl\n",
+        "l \tl \tl \tl\n",
+        "o \to \to \to\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 78
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.14, page no. 299"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "st = \"Good Morning\"\n",
+      "print st[3:]"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "d Morning\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 80
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.15, page no. 299"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#not possible in Python. Skipping"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 81
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strchr.c, page no. 300"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "string = raw_input(\"Enter a string: \")\n",
+      "c = raw_input(\"Enter character to be searched: \")\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    i = list(string).index(c)\n",
+      "    print \"%c was found in position %d\" %(c, i)\n",
+      "except:\n",
+      "    pass"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string: House\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter character to be searched: s\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "s was found in position 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 86
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strcspn.c, page no. 302"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "string1 = \"0123456789\"\n",
+      "string2 = \"A47DCF8\"\n",
+      "c = 0\n",
+      "for ele in string2:\n",
+      "    if ele in string1:\n",
+      "        index = string1.index(ele)\n",
+      "        break"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strcspn.c, page no.303"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "string1 = \"0123456789\"\n",
+      "string2 = \"A32DC014\"\n",
+      "c = 0\n",
+      "for ele in string1:\n",
+      "    for ele1 in string2:\n",
+      "        if ele == ele1:\n",
+      "            c += 1\n",
+      "print c"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strpbrk.c, page no. 303"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input two Strings: \"\n",
+      "str1 = raw_input(\"Str1: \")\n",
+      "str2 = raw_input(\"Str2: \")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for ele in str1:\n",
+      "    if ele in str2:\n",
+      "        print \"Character found: \", ele\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "print \"Character not found\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two Strings: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Str1: House\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Str2: Sorrow\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Character found:  o\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strstr.c, page no. 304"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Input two Strings: \"\n",
+      "str1 = raw_input(\"Str1: \")\n",
+      "str2 = raw_input(\"Str2: \")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if str2 in str1:\n",
+      "    str1.index(str2)\n",
+      "    print \"String 2 is found at position 6 in string1\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input two Strings: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Str1: I saw the cat click the mouse.\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Str2: the\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "String 2 is found at position 6 in string1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example strtok.c, page no. 305"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_str = raw_input(\"Input a string, parts separated by , or ;\")\n",
+      "print \"The tokens found were: \"\n",
+      "token = ''\n",
+      "for i in range(len(my_str)):\n",
+      "    if my_str[i] == ',' or my_str[i] == ';':\n",
+      "        if len(token) > 0:\n",
+      "            print token\n",
+      "        token = ''\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        token = token + my_str[i]\n",
+      "print token"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input a string, parts separated by , or ;;abc,defgh;;hi,jklmn;op\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The tokens found were: \n",
+        "abc\n",
+        "defgh\n",
+        "hi\n",
+        "jklmn\n",
+        "op\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.16, pag eno. 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def func1(i, f):\n",
+      "    print i, f\n",
+      "def func2(s):\n",
+      "    print s\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "i = 5\n",
+      "f = 5.375\n",
+      "s = \"string\"\n",
+      "func1(i, f)\n",
+      "func2(s)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5 5.375\n",
+        "string\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def fact(m):\n",
+      "    if m == 1:\n",
+      "        return 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return m*fact(m-1)\n",
+      "print \"Enter the integer whose factorial is to be found: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "ans = fact(n)\n",
+      "print \"Factorial of \", n, \" is \", ans"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the integer whose factorial is to be found: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Factorial of  8  is  40320\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def large(b):\n",
+      "    return max(b)\n",
+      "def small(b):\n",
+      "    return min(b)\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of integers: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter the set of integers: \"\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"The largest integer is: \", large(a)\n",
+      "print \"The smallest integer is: \", small(a)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of integers: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the set of integers: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The largest integer is:  5\n",
+        "The smallest integer is:  -7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.17, page no. 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAX = 20\n",
+      "def print_array(a):\n",
+      "    print \"The elements of the array are: \"\n",
+      "    for ele in a:\n",
+      "        print ele,\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of elements: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter the elements: \"\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "if n < 0 or n > MAX:\n",
+      "    print \"Invalid number of elements...\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print_array(a)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The elements of the array are: \n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.18, page no. 313"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def upper(instr):\n",
+      "    return instr.upper()\n",
+      "def lower(instr):\n",
+      "    return instr.lower()\n",
+      "instr = raw_input(\"Input a string: \")\n",
+      "print \"To upper or lower (u/l): \"\n",
+      "inchar = raw_input()\n",
+      "if inchar == 'l':\n",
+      "    print \"The converted string is \\n\", lower(instr)\n",
+      "elif inchar == 'u':\n",
+      "    print \"The conveerted string is \\n\", upper(instr)\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Ivalid input...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input a string: UVCE, Bangalore\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "To upper or lower (u/l): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "l\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The converted string is \n",
+        "uvce, bangalore\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/chapter9.ipynb b/Mastering_C/chapter9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9eacd97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/chapter9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:2b328a00a423d96b629425895ccbcc90fde898bdf09e6f58382db5eb59593f31"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9: Structures & Unions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1, page no. 338"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    dat = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    lastnam = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "emprec = person()\n",
+      "birth = emprec.birthday\n",
+      "emprec.name = \"Tejaswi.V.\"\n",
+      "emprec.lastnam = \"Rajuk\"\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.day = 24\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.month = 7\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.year = 90\n",
+      "x = 6500.00\n",
+      "emprec.salary = x\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"Name: \", emprec.name, \" \", emprec.lastnam\n",
+      "print \"Birthdate: \", emprec.birthday.day, \":\", emprec.birthday.month, \":\", emprec.birthday.year\n",
+      "print \"Salary: \", emprec.salary"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tejaswi.V.   Rajuk\n",
+        "Birthdate:  24 : 7 : 90\n",
+        "Salary:  6500.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2, page no. 340"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "CURRENT_YEAR = 96\n",
+      "def increment(sal, year, inc):\n",
+      "    if CURRENT_YEAR - year > 30:\n",
+      "        sal += inc\n",
+      "        return sal\n",
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "n = 500\n",
+      "emprec = person()\n",
+      "emprec.name = 'Arun R.'\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.day = 10\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.month = 8\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.year = 64\n",
+      "emprec.salary = 4000.00\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"Name: \", emprec.name\n",
+      "print \"Birthdate: \", emprec.birthday.day, \":\", emprec.birthday.month, \":\", emprec.birthday.year\n",
+      "print \"Salary: \", emprec.salary\n",
+      "emprec.salary = increment(emprec.salary, emprec.birthday.year, n)\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"Name: \", emprec.name\n",
+      "print \"Birthdate: \", emprec.birthday.day, \":\", emprec.birthday.month, \":\", emprec.birthday.year\n",
+      "print \"Salary: \", emprec.salary"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun R.\n",
+        "Birthdate:  10 : 8 : 64\n",
+        "Salary:  4000.0\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun R.\n",
+        "Birthdate:  10 : 8 : 64\n",
+        "Salary:  4500.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3, page no. 342"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "CURRENT_YEAR = 96\n",
+      "def increment(emprec):\n",
+      "    if CURRENT_YEAR - emprec.birthday.year > 30:\n",
+      "        emprec.salary += 500\n",
+      "        return emprec\n",
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "emprec = person()\n",
+      "emprec.name = 'Arun R.'\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.day = 10\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.month = 8\n",
+      "emprec.birthday.year = 64\n",
+      "emprec.salary = 4000.00\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"Name: \", emprec.name\n",
+      "print \"Birthdate: \", emprec.birthday.day, \":\", emprec.birthday.month, \":\", emprec.birthday.year\n",
+      "print \"Salary: \", emprec.salary\n",
+      "emprec = increment(emprec)\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"Name: \", emprec.name\n",
+      "print \"Birthdate: \", emprec.birthday.day, \":\", emprec.birthday.month, \":\", emprec.birthday.year\n",
+      "print \"Salary: \", emprec.salary"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun R.\n",
+        "Birthdate:  10 : 8 : 64\n",
+        "Salary:  4000.0\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun R.\n",
+        "Birthdate:  10 : 8 : 64\n",
+        "Salary:  4500.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.4, page no. 343"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printout(per):\n",
+      "    print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "    print \"Name: \", per.name\n",
+      "    print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(per.birthday.day, per.birthday.month, per.birthday.year)\n",
+      "    print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(per.salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def readin(record):\n",
+      "    record.name = raw_input(\"Enter the name: \")\n",
+      "    print \"Enter Birthdate\"\n",
+      "    record.birthday.day = int(raw_input(\"Day: \"))\n",
+      "    record.birthday.month = int(raw_input(\"Month: \"))\n",
+      "    record.birthday.year = int(raw_input(\"Year: \"))\n",
+      "    record.salary = float(raw_input(\"Enter the salary: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "test = person()\n",
+      "test.name = \"Arun\"\n",
+      "test.birthday.day = 10\n",
+      "test.birthday.month = 8\n",
+      "test.birthday.year = 75\n",
+      "test.salary = 4500.00\n",
+      "temp = person()\n",
+      "readin(temp)\n",
+      "printout(test)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Balaji\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 24\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6500.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun\n",
+        "Birthdate:  24:  2: 74\n",
+        "Salary: 4500.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 page no. 344"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printout(per):\n",
+      "    print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "    print \"Name: \", per.name\n",
+      "    print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(per.birthday.day, per.birthday.month, per.birthday.year)\n",
+      "    print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(per.salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def readin(record):\n",
+      "    record.name = raw_input(\"Enter the name: \")\n",
+      "    print \"Enter Birthdate\"\n",
+      "    record.birthday.day = int(raw_input(\"Day: \"))\n",
+      "    record.birthday.month = int(raw_input(\"Month: \"))\n",
+      "    record.birthday.year = int(raw_input(\"Year: \"))\n",
+      "    record.salary = float(raw_input(\"Enter the salary: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "test = person()\n",
+      "test.name = \"Arun\"\n",
+      "test.birthday.day = 10\n",
+      "test.birthday.month = 8\n",
+      "test.birthday.year = 75\n",
+      "test.salary = 4500.00\n",
+      "temp = person()\n",
+      "readin(temp)\n",
+      "printout(temp)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Balaji\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 24\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6500.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Balaji\n",
+        "Birthdate:  24:  2: 74\n",
+        "Salary: 6500.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6, page no. 346"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def __init__(self, n, dt, sal):\n",
+      "        self.name = n\n",
+      "        self.birthday.day = dt[0]\n",
+      "        self.birthday.month = dt[1]\n",
+      "        self.birthday.year = dt[2]\n",
+      "        self.salary = sal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printout(per):\n",
+      "    print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "    print \"Name: \", per.name\n",
+      "    print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(per.birthday.day, per.birthday.month, per.birthday.year)\n",
+      "    print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(per.salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def highest(sals):\n",
+      "    return max(sals)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "record = [[\"Arun R.\", 10, 8, 75, 4000.00],\n",
+      "          [\"vinod S.\", 3, 10, 74, 3000.00],\n",
+      "          [\"Tanuj M.\", 21, 1, 73, 5500.00]]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "emp1 = person(record[0][0], (record[0][1], record[0][2], record[0][3]), record[0][4])\n",
+      "emp2 = person(record[1][0], (record[1][1], record[1][2], record[1][3]), record[1][4])\n",
+      "emp3 = person(record[2][0], (record[2][1], record[2][2], record[2][3]), record[2][4])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sals = [emp1.salary, emp2.salary, emp3.salary]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "highest = highest(sals)\n",
+      "print \"The highest salary being paid is %6.2f\" %highest\n",
+      "printout(emp3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The highest salary being paid is 5500.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tanuj M.\n",
+        "Birthdate:  21:  1: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 5500.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.7, page no. 347"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def readin(rec, list1):\n",
+      "    rec.name = list1[0]\n",
+      "    rec.birthday.day = list1[1]\n",
+      "    rec.birthday.month = list1[2]\n",
+      "    rec.birthday.year = list1[3]\n",
+      "    rec.salary = list1[4]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def printout(per):\n",
+      "    print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "    print \"Name: \", per.name\n",
+      "    print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(per.birthday.day, per.birthday.month, per.birthday.year)\n",
+      "    print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(per.salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def highest(sals):\n",
+      "    return max(sals)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "record = [[\"Tejaswi\", 24, 7, 70, 7000.00],\n",
+      "          [\"vinod S.\", 3, 10, 74, 3000.00],\n",
+      "          [\"Tanuj M.\", 21, 1, 73, 5500.00]]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "emp1 = person()\n",
+      "readin(emp1, record[0])\n",
+      "print emp1.birthday.day\n",
+      "emp2 = person()\n",
+      "readin(emp2, record[1])\n",
+      "emp3 = person()\n",
+      "readin(emp3, record[2])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "highest = highest([emp1.salary, emp2.salary, emp3.salary])\n",
+      "temp = emp1\n",
+      "print \"Highest salary being paid is \", highest\n",
+      "printout(temp)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "24\n",
+        "Highest salary being paid is  7000.0\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tejaswi\n",
+        "Birthdate:  21:  1: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7000.00\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.8, page no. 349"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def readin():\n",
+      "    record = []\n",
+      "    for i in range(3):\n",
+      "        print \"Employee no. \", i+1\n",
+      "        temp = person()\n",
+      "        temp.name = raw_input(\"Enter the name: \")\n",
+      "        print \"Enter Birthdate\"\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.day = int(raw_input(\"Day: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.month = int(raw_input(\"Month: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.year = int(raw_input(\"Year: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.salary = float(raw_input(\"Enter the salary: \"))\n",
+      "        record.append(temp)\n",
+      "    return record\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printout(per):\n",
+      "    print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "    print \"Name: \", per.name\n",
+      "    print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(per.birthday.day, per.birthday.month, per.birthday.year)\n",
+      "    print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(per.salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "record = readin()\n",
+      "for i in range(3):\n",
+      "    printout(record[i])\n",
+      "    print \"hit enter to continue...\"\n",
+      "    raw_input()\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "#there is a printing mistake in the book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Balaji\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 24\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6500.50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Tarun\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 69\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6890.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Vinod\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 70\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6700.00\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Balaji\n",
+        "Birthdate:   7:  6: 70\n",
+        "Salary: 6500.50\n",
+        "hit enter to continue...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tarun\n",
+        "Birthdate:   7:  6: 70\n",
+        "Salary: 6890.00\n",
+        "hit enter to continue...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Vinod\n",
+        "Birthdate:   7:  6: 70\n",
+        "Salary: 6700.00\n",
+        "hit enter to continue...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.9, page no. 351"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class date:\n",
+      "    day = 0\n",
+      "    month = 0\n",
+      "    year = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class person:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    birthday = date()\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def readin(n):\n",
+      "    record = []\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print \"Employee no. \", i+1\n",
+      "        temp = person()\n",
+      "        temp.name = raw_input(\"Enter the name: \")\n",
+      "        print \"Enter Birthdate\"\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.day = int(raw_input(\"Day: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.month = int(raw_input(\"Month: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.birthday.year = int(raw_input(\"Year: \"))\n",
+      "        temp.salary = float(raw_input(\"Enter the salary: \"))\n",
+      "        record.append(temp)\n",
+      "    return record\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printout(record):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "        print \"Name: \", record[i].name\n",
+      "        print \"Birthdate: %3d:%3d:%3d\" %(record[i].birthday.day, record[i].birthday.month, record[i].birthday.year)\n",
+      "        print \"Salary: %6.2f\" %(record[i].salary)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def sortalpha(rec):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n-1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n-i-1):\n",
+      "            if rec[j].name > rec[j+1].name:\n",
+      "                rec[j], rec[j+1] = rec[j+1], rec[j]\n",
+      "    return rec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def sortage(rec):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n-1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n-i-1):\n",
+      "            if (rec[j].birthday.year > rec[j+1].birthday.year or rec[j].birthday.year == rec[j+1].birthday.year and\n",
+      "                rec[j].birthday.month > rec[j+1].birthday.month or rec[j].birthday.month == rec[j+1].birthday.month and\n",
+      "                rec[j].birthday.day > rec[j+1].birthday.day or rec[j].birthday.day == rec[j+1].birthday.day):\n",
+      "                rec[j], rec[j+1] = rec[j+1], rec[j]\n",
+      "    return rec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def sortsal(rec):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n-1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n-i-1):\n",
+      "            if rec[j].salary > rec[j+1].salary:\n",
+      "                rec[j], rec[j+1] = rec[j+1], rec[j]\n",
+      "    return rec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input(\"Enter the number of records: \"))\n",
+      "record = readin(n)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "flag = True\n",
+      "while(flag):\n",
+      "    print \"1: SORT BY NAME\"\n",
+      "    print \"2: SORT BY AGE\"\n",
+      "    print \"3: SORT BY SALARY\"\n",
+      "    print \"4: QUIT \"\n",
+      "    i = int(raw_input(\"Enter your choice: \"))\n",
+      "    if i == 1:\n",
+      "        sorted_rec = sortalpha(record)\n",
+      "        printout(sorted_rec)\n",
+      "    elif i == 2:\n",
+      "        sorted_rec = sortage(record)\n",
+      "        printout(sorted_rec)\n",
+      "    elif i == 3:\n",
+      "        sorted_rec = sortsal(record)\n",
+      "        printout(sorted_rec)\n",
+      "    elif i == 4:\n",
+      "        flag = False\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"invalid choice...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of records: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Vinod\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 23\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6500\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Arun\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 70\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 7000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Puneet\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 30\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6900\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Tanuj\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 70\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 7700\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee no.  5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the name: Rohit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Birthdate\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Day: 17\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Month: 12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Year: 73\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the salary: 6800\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1: SORT BY NAME\n",
+        "2: SORT BY AGE\n",
+        "3: SORT BY SALARY\n",
+        "4: QUIT \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter your choice: 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7000.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Puneet\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6900.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Rohit\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6800.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tanuj\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7700.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Vinod\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6500.00\n",
+        "1: SORT BY NAME\n",
+        "2: SORT BY AGE\n",
+        "3: SORT BY SALARY\n",
+        "4: QUIT \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter your choice: 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Vinod\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6500.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tanuj\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7700.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Rohit\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6800.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Puneet\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6900.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7000.00\n",
+        "1: SORT BY NAME\n",
+        "2: SORT BY AGE\n",
+        "3: SORT BY SALARY\n",
+        "4: QUIT \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter your choice: 33\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "invalid choice...\n",
+        "1: SORT BY NAME\n",
+        "2: SORT BY AGE\n",
+        "3: SORT BY SALARY\n",
+        "4: QUIT \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter your choice: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Vinod\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6500.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Rohit\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6800.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Puneet\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 6900.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Arun\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7000.00\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "Name:  Tanuj\n",
+        "Birthdate:  17: 12: 73\n",
+        "Salary: 7700.00\n",
+        "1: SORT BY NAME\n",
+        "2: SORT BY AGE\n",
+        "3: SORT BY SALARY\n",
+        "4: QUIT \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter your choice: 4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example mem.c, page no. 359"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Note: There is no concept of unions in Python. We will implment using classes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class emp:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    idno = 0\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class desc:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    idno = 0\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e = emp()\n",
+      "d = desc()\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "print \"The size of the structure is \", sys.getsizeof(e)\n",
+      "print \"The size of the union is \", sys.getsizeof(d)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The size of the structure is  72\n",
+        "The size of the union is  72\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example on page no. 359"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class desc:\n",
+      "    name = ''\n",
+      "    idno = 0\n",
+      "    salary = 0.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "des = desc()\n",
+      "des.name = 'Vinod'\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"The name is \", des.name\n",
+      "print \"The idno is \", des.idno\n",
+      "print \"The salary is \", des.salary\n",
+      "des.idno = 10\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"The name is \", des.name\n",
+      "print \"The idno is \", des.idno\n",
+      "print \"The salary is \", des.salary\n",
+      "des.salary = 6500.00\n",
+      "print \"Employee Details: \"\n",
+      "print \"The name is \", des.name\n",
+      "print \"The idno is \", des.idno\n",
+      "print \"The salary is \", des.salary\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "The name is  Vinod\n",
+        "The idno is  0\n",
+        "The salary is  0.0\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "The name is  Vinod\n",
+        "The idno is  10\n",
+        "The salary is  0.0\n",
+        "Employee Details: \n",
+        "The name is  Vinod\n",
+        "The idno is  10\n",
+        "The salary is  6500.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Mastering_C/screenshots/interest.png b/Mastering_C/screenshots/interest.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ac244be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/screenshots/interest.png
diff --git a/Mastering_C/screenshots/matrix.png b/Mastering_C/screenshots/matrix.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4225f87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/screenshots/matrix.png
diff --git a/Mastering_C/screenshots/stack.png b/Mastering_C/screenshots/stack.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6de0cc8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Mastering_C/screenshots/stack.png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C10_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C10_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b13f377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C10_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10: AC Performance : Bandwidth, Slew rate and Noise"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1 Page No  277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "t=0.35       #rise time\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "B=0.35/t    #Bandwidth\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"Bandwidth is\",B,\"MHz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bandwidth is 1.0 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2 Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "t=0.35       #rise time\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "B=0.35/t    #Bandwidth\n",
+      "gain=B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"Openloop Voltage gain  is\",gain\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Openloop Voltage gain  is 1.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3 Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "B1=10**6       #Hz\n",
+      "B2=100*10**3   #Hz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "gain=B1/B2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"As frenquency goes down by a factor 10, Gain rise sby same which is\",gain\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "As frenquency goes down by a factor 10, Gain rise sby same which is 10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 278"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "B=1.5       #Mhz\n",
+      "f=1         #KHz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "gain=B*1000/f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Open loop Voltage gain  is\",gain\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Open loop Voltage gain  is 1500.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.5 Page No 279"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Find the actual gain\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Acl=100.0        #Ideal Dc cloesd loop gain\n",
+      "Aol1=10000.0\n",
+      "Aol2=1000.0\n",
+      "Aol3=100.0\n",
+      "Aol4=10.0\n",
+      "Aol5=1.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation  (a)\n",
+      "#For a noninverting amplifier\n",
+      "a1=Acl                                               #ideal gain, a=(Rf+Ri)/Ri\n",
+      "actualAcl1=a1/((1+1*a1/Aol1))\n",
+      "#For the inverting amplifier\n",
+      "a2=101                                               #gain\n",
+      "actualAcl1_=-a1/(1+1*a2/Aol1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# (b)\n",
+      "#For a noninverting amplifier\n",
+      "a1=Acl                                               #ideal gain, a=(Rf+Ri)/Ri\n",
+      "actualAcl2=a1/(1+1*a1/Aol2)\n",
+      "#For the inverting amplifier\n",
+      "a2=101                                               #gain\n",
+      "actualAcl2_=-a1/(1+1*a2/Aol2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(c)\n",
+      "#For a noninverting amplifier\n",
+      "a1=Acl                                               #ideal gain, a=(Rf+Ri)/Ri\n",
+      "actualAcl3=a1/(1+1*a1/Aol3)\n",
+      "#For the inverting amplifier\n",
+      "a2=101                                               #gain\n",
+      "actualAcl3_=-a1/(1+1*a2/Aol3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(d)\n",
+      "#For a noninverting amplifier\n",
+      "a1=Acl                                               #ideal gain, a=(Rf+Ri)/Ri\n",
+      "actualAcl4=a1/(1+1*a1/Aol4)\n",
+      "#For the inverting amplifier\n",
+      "a2=101                                               #gain\n",
+      "actualAcl4_=-a1/(1+1*a2/Aol4)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(e)\n",
+      "#For a noninverting amplifier\n",
+      "a1=Acl                                               #ideal gain, a=(Rf+Ri)/Ri\n",
+      "actualAcl5=a1/(1+1*a1/Aol5)\n",
+      "#For the inverting amplifier\n",
+      "a2=101                                              #gain\n",
+      "actualAcl5_=-a1/(1+1*a2/Aol5)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl5,2)\n",
+      "print\"Actual gain in inverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl5_,2)\n",
+      "print\"(b)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl4,2)\n",
+      "print\"Actual gain in inverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl4_,2)\n",
+      "print\"(c)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl3,2)\n",
+      "print\"Actual gain in inverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl3_,2)\n",
+      "print\"(d)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl2,2)\n",
+      "print\"Actual gain in inverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl2_,2)\n",
+      "print\"(e)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl1,0)\n",
+      "print\"Actual gain in inverting amplifier is\",round(actualAcl1_,2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is 0.99\n",
+        "Actual gain in inverting amplifier is -0.98\n",
+        "(b)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is 9.09\n",
+        "Actual gain in inverting amplifier is -9.01\n",
+        "(c)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is 50.0\n",
+        "Actual gain in inverting amplifier is -49.75\n",
+        "(d)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is 90.91\n",
+        "Actual gain in inverting amplifier is -90.83\n",
+        "(e)Actual gain in noninverting amplifier is 99.0\n",
+        "Actual gain in inverting amplifier is -99.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6 Page No 283"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ri=10.0      #Kohm\n",
+      "Rf=Ri\n",
+      "B=10**6    #Hz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#(a)\n",
+      "Acl1=-Rf/Ri\n",
+      "fh1=B/((Ri+Rf)/Ri)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)\n",
+      "ACl2=(Ri+Rf)/Ri\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(c)\n",
+      "Acl3=1    #Voltage follower gain\n",
+      "Rf2=0\n",
+      "Ri2=1\n",
+      "fh2=B/((Ri2+Rf2)/Ri2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Resilt\n",
+      "print\"(a)The voltage gain is\",Acl1\n",
+      "print\"bandwidth is\",fh1/1000,\"khz\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The voltage gain is\",ACl2\n",
+      "print\"(c)The voltage gain is\",Acl3\n",
+      "print\"bandwidth is\",fh2/1000000,\"Mhz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The voltage gain is -1.0\n",
+        "bandwidth is 500.0 khz\n",
+        "(b)The voltage gain is 2.0\n",
+        "(c)The voltage gain is 1\n",
+        "bandwidth is 1 Mhz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.7 Page No 285"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "V=10            #V\n",
+      "slewrate=0.5    #per microsecond\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "t=V/slewrate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The time taken is\",t,\"microsecond\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The time taken is 20.0 microsecond\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.8 Page No 286"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "slewrate=0.5    #per microsecond\n",
+      "V1=10.0          #Peak voltage\n",
+      "V2=1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "fmax1=slewrate*1000/(6.28*V1)\n",
+      "fmax2=slewrate*1000/(6.28*V2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)maximum frenquency is\",round(fmax1,1),\"KHz\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)maximum frenquency is\",round(fmax2,0),\"KHz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)maximum frenquency is 8.0 KHz\n",
+        "(b)maximum frenquency is 80.0 KHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.9 Page No 287"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "B1=500         #Khz, bandwidth\n",
+      "gain1=-1        #Gain for inverting amplifier\n",
+      "gain2=2        #Gain for non-inverting amplifier\n",
+      "slewrate=0.5   #per micros\n",
+      "V=10           #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vopmax=slewrate*10**6/(6.28*B1*10**3)\n",
+      "fmax=slewrate*1000/(6.28*V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Maximum operating voltage is\",round(Vopmax*1000,1),\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"maximum frenquency is\",round(fmax,0),\"Khz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum operating voltage is 159.2 mV\n",
+        "maximum frenquency is 8.0 Khz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C11_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C11_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..057dd53b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C11_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11: Active Filters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.1 Page No 298"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R=10       #Kohm\n",
+      "C=0.001    #microF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "wc=1/(R*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "fc=wc/(6.28)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The cut off frequency is\",round(fc/1000,2),\"Khz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cut off frequency is 15.92 Khz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.2 Page No 298"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=2             #Frequency, khz\n",
+      "C=0.005         #MicroF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "R=1/(6.28*2*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R is\",round(R/1000,1),\"Kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R is 15.9 Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3 Page No 298"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=30            #rad/s, frequency\n",
+      "C=0.01          #microF\n",
+      "R=1/(f*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R is\",round(R/1000,1),\"Kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R is 3.3 Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.4 Page No 301"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=1             #Khz, cut off frequency\n",
+      "C1=0.01         #MicroF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "C2=2*C1\n",
+      "R=0.707/(6.28*f*10**3*C1*10**-6)\n",
+      "Rf=2*R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R is\",round(R,0),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of Rf is\",round(Rf,0),\"ohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R is 11258.0 ohm\n",
+        "The value of Rf is 22516.0 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.5 Page No 304"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given\n",
+      "C3=0.01         #microF, from fig 11.5 (a)\n",
+      "f=1.0             #Khz, cut off frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "C1=C3/2.0\n",
+      "C2=2*C3\n",
+      "R=1/(6.28*f*10**3*C3*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of C1=\",C1,\"microF\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of C2=\",C2,\"microF\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of R=\",round(R),\"ohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of C1= 0.005 microF\n",
+        "The value of C2= 0.02 microF\n",
+        "The value of R= 15924.0 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.6 Page No 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "C=0.002        #microF, capacitance\n",
+      "fc=10          #Khz, frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "R=1/(6.28*f*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R=\",round(R/10000),\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R= 8.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.7 Page No 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R=22.0            #kohm\n",
+      "C=0.001         #microF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "wc=1/(R*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "fc=wc/(2*math.pi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of wc is\",round(wc/10000,2),\"krad/s\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of fc is\",round(fc/10,1),\"Hz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of wc is 4.55 krad/s\n",
+        "The value of fc is 723.4 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.8 Page No 309"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "C1=0.01         #microF\n",
+      "C2=C1\n",
+      "f=1             #KHz, frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#From eq 11.9\n",
+      "R1=1.414/(6.28*f*10**3*C1*10**-6)\n",
+      "R2=R1/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R1 is\",round(R1/1000,1),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of R2 is\",round(R2/1000,1),\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 is 22.5 kohm\n",
+        "The value of R2 is 11.3 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.9 Page No 309"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "C1=125          #pF\n",
+      "C2=C1           #KHz,cut off frequency\n",
+      "f=80            #Krad/s  cutoff frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#From eq 11.9\n",
+      "R1=1.414/(f*10**3*C1*10**-12)\n",
+      "R2=R1/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The value of R1 is\",round(R1/1000,0),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of R2 is\",round(R2/1000,1),\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 is 141.0 kohm\n",
+        "The value of R2 is 70.7 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.10 Page No 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=159.0            #Hz, cut off frequency\n",
+      "C=0.1            #microF\n",
+      "C1=C\n",
+      "C2=C\n",
+      "C3=C\n",
+      "wc=1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "R3=1/(wc*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "R1=2*R3\n",
+      "R2=R3/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The value of R3 is\",round(R3/1000),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The value of R1 is\",round(R1/1000),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)The value of R2 is\",round(R2/1000,0),\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The value of R3 is 10.0 kohm\n",
+        "(b)The value of R1 is 20.0 kohm\n",
+        "(c)The value of R2 is 5.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.11 Page No 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=60            #kHz, cut off frequency\n",
+      "C=220           #pF\n",
+      "C1=C\n",
+      "C2=C\n",
+      "C3=C\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "R3=1/(6.28*f*10**3*C*10**-12)\n",
+      "R1=2*R3\n",
+      "R2=R3/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The value of R3 is\",round(R3/1000,0),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The value of R1 is\",round(R1/1000),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)The value of R2 is\",round(R2/1000),\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The value of R3 is 12.0 kohm\n",
+        "(b)The value of R1 is 24.0 kohm\n",
+        "(c)The value of R2 is 6.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.12 Page No 313"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f1=300      # Hz, lower cutoff frequency\n",
+      "f2=3000     #Hz, upper cutoff  frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "B=f2-f1\n",
+      "f=math.sqrt(f1*f2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The bandwidth is\",B,\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print\"The frequency is\",round(f,1),\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The bandwidth is 2700 Hz\n",
+        "The frequency is 948.7 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.13 Page No 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "fr=950     #Hz, resonant frequency\n",
+      "B=2700     #Hz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "fl=math.sqrt(B**2/4.0+fr**2)-B/2.0\n",
+      "fh=fl+B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The lower cutoff frequency is\",round(fl,1),\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print\"The upper cutoff frequency is\",round(fh,1),\"Hz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The lower cutoff frequency is 300.8 Hz\n",
+        "The upper cutoff frequency is 3000.8 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 50
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.14 Page No 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "B=2700.0     #Hz\n",
+      "fr=950     #Hz  resonant frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Q=fr/B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The quality factor\",round(Q,2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if Q<0.5:\n",
+      "    print\"This filter is classified\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\"This filter is not classified\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The quality factor 0.35\n",
+        "This filter is classified\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 55
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.15 Page No 318"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "fr=1000         #Hz, resonant frequency\n",
+      "fl=80           #From eq 11.16\n",
+      "fh=1280         #upper frequency\n",
+      "C=0.015         #microF\n",
+      "Q=2.0           #Quality factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "B=fr/Q\n",
+      "fl=math.sqrt(B**2/4.0+fr**2)-B/2.0\n",
+      "fh=fl+B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R=0.1591/(B*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "Rr=R/(2*Q**2-1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Rr is\",round(Rr/1000,2),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Rr is 3.03 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 57
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.16 Page No 319"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R=21.21*10**3       #ohm,  resiatance\n",
+      "Rr=3.03*10**3      \n",
+      "C=0.015*10**-6      #F,  capacitance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#From eq 11.12\n",
+      "fr=0.1125*math.sqrt(1+R/Rr)/(R*C)\n",
+      "B=0.1591/(R*C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The resonant frequency is\",round(fr,0),\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print\"Bandwidth is\",round(B,0),\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The resonant frequency is 1000.0 Hz\n",
+        "Bandwidth is 500.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.17 Page No 321"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "fr=120       #Hz  resonant frequency\n",
+      "B=12         #Hz\n",
+      "Q=10         #Quality factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "C=0.33      #MicroF\n",
+      "R=0.1591/(B*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "Rr=R/(2*Q**2-1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of resistance is\",round(R/1000,1),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of Rr is\",round(Rr,1),\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of resistance is 40.2 kohm\n",
+        "The value of Rr is 201.9 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 64
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C12_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C12_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca52f7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C12_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12:Modulating,Demodulating and frequency Changing with the multiplier"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1 Page No 332"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#(a)\n",
+      "V=10.0\n",
+      "x1=10              #Polarity combination of voltages\n",
+      "y1=10              #V\n",
+      "#(b)\n",
+      "x2=-10             #V, 2nd combination\n",
+      "y2=10              #V\n",
+      "#(c)\n",
+      "x3=10              #V\n",
+      "y3=-10             #V\n",
+      "#(d)\n",
+      "x4=-10             #V\n",
+      "y4=-10             #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vo1=x1*y1/V\n",
+      "Vo2=x2*y2/V\n",
+      "Vo3=x3*y3/V\n",
+      "Vo4=x4*y4/V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The values of Vo are\",Vo1,\"V ,\",Vo2,\"V ,\",Vo3,\"V ,\",Vo4,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The values of Vo are 10.0 V , -10.0 V , -10.0 V , 10.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2 Page No 334"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei1=10           #V\n",
+      "Ei2=-10          #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vo1=Ei1**2/Ei1\n",
+      "Vo2=Ei2**2/Ei1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Reult\n",
+      "print\"(a)The value of Vo is\",Vo1,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The value of Vo is\",Vo2,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The value of Vo is 10 V\n",
+        "(b)The value of Vo is 10 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.4 Page No 336"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei1=10          #V\n",
+      "f1=1            #KHz\n",
+      "Ei2=2           #V\n",
+      "f1=2.5          #KHz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "dcvalue=Ei1**2/20.0\n",
+      "pac=Ei1**2/20.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)\n",
+      "dcvalue_=Ei2**2/20.0\n",
+      "pac_=Ei2**2/20.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The DC and AC output voltage are\",dcvalue,\"V,\",pac,\"V at 2 KHz\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The DC and AC output voltage are\",dcvalue_,\"V,\",pac_,\"V at 5 KHz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The DC and AC output voltage are 5.0 V, 5.0 V at 2 KHz\n",
+        "(b)The DC and AC output voltage are 0.2 V, 0.2 V at 5 KHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5 Page No 339"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Exp=5         #V\n",
+      "Eyp=5         #V\n",
+      "Vodc=1.25     #DC component of Vo\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "theta=math.acos(20*Vodc/(Exp*Eyp))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The angle is\",theta,\"degree\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle is 0.0 degree\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.6 Page No 339"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vo=0          #AVerage value of DC component\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "theta=math.acos(Vo)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The angle  is\",round(theta*180/3.14,0),\"degree\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The angle  is 90.0 degree\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.7 Page No 339"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "theta1=30            #degree\n",
+      "theta2=45            #degree\n",
+      "theta3=60            #degree\n",
+      "theta4=0             #Degree from example 12.5 \n",
+      "theta5=90            #Degree from example 12.6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Vodc1=math.cos(theta1*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vodc2=math.cos(theta2*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vodc3=math.cos(theta3*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vodc4=math.cos(theta4*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vodc5=math.cos(theta5*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Output Dc voltages are\",round(Vodc1,3),\"V ,\",round(Vodc2,3),\"V ,\",round(Vodc3,3),\"V ,\",round(Vodc4,3),\"V ,\",round(Vodc5,3),\"V ,\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Output Dc voltages are 0.866 V , 0.707 V , 0.5 V , 1.0 V , 0.001 V ,\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.8 Page No 340"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#GIven\n",
+      "theta1=90             #degree\n",
+      "theta2=120            #degree\n",
+      "theta3=135            #degree\n",
+      "theta4=150            #degree\n",
+      "theta5=180            #degree\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Vodc1=math.cos(theta1*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vodc2=math.cos(theta2)\n",
+      "Vodc3=math.cos(theta3)\n",
+      "Vodc4=math.cos(theta4)\n",
+      "Vodc5=math.cos(theta5)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Voltages are\",round(Vodc1,3),\"V ,\",round(Vodc2,3),\"V \",round(Vodc3,3),\"V \",round(Vodc4,3),\"V \",round(Vodc5,3),\"V \"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Voltages are 0.001 V , 0.814 V  -0.996 V  0.699 V  -0.598 V \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.10 Page No 349"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ecp=5             #V, Voltage\n",
+      "fc=10000          #Hz frequency\n",
+      "Em=5              #V  peak voltage\n",
+      "fm=1000           #Hz  frequency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vc=Em*Ecp/(10.0)      #The carrier term peak voltage\n",
+      "Vp=Vc                  #product term Peak voltage\n",
+      "Vs=Em*Ecp/(20.0)        #The side term peak voltagec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The carrier term peak voltage is\",Vc,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"The product term peak voltage is\",Vp,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"The side term peak voltage is\",Vs,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The carrier term peak voltage is 2.5 V\n",
+        "The product term peak voltage is 2.5 V\n",
+        "The side term peak voltage is 1.25 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C13_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C13_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19a9a8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C13_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 13: Integrated circuit Timers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.1 Page No 371"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 13.7 (a)\n",
+      "Ra=6.8          #kohm, resistance\n",
+      "Rb=3.3          #Kohm\n",
+      "C=0.1           #microF, capacitance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "thigh=0.695*(Ra+Rb)*C\n",
+      "tlow=0.695*Rb*C\n",
+      "f=1.44/((Ra+2*Rb)*C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of high time is\",round(thigh,1),\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of low time is\",round(tlow,2),\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"The value of frequency is\",round(f,2),\"khz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of high time is 0.7 ms\n",
+        "The value of low time is 0.23 ms\n",
+        "The value of frequency is 1.07 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.2 Page No 373"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 13.7 (a)\n",
+      "Ra=6.8          #kohm, resistance\n",
+      "Rb=3.3          #Kohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D=Rb/(Ra+2*Rb)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Duty Cycle is\",round(D,2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Duty Cycle is 0.25\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.3 Page No 377"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#GIven\n",
+      "V=5             #V, Voltage\n",
+      "E1=0             #V\n",
+      "E2=1\n",
+      "Re=3            #Kohm, resistance (fig 13-10)\n",
+      "C=1             #microF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "I=(V-E1)/(3.0)  #Current\n",
+      "fc=3/(Re*C)\n",
+      "df=0.2*fc*E2\n",
+      "fout=fc+df\n",
+      "E3=-1          #V\n",
+      "df_=0.2*fc*E3\n",
+      "fout_=fc+df_\n",
+      "Elower=-4\n",
+      "Eupper=4\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The charge current is\",round(I,2),\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The current frequency is\",fc,\"KHz\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)df=\",df*1000,\"Hz\",\"\\nand The frequency shift is\",(df-df_)*1000,\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print\"fout was initially\",fout*1000,\"Hz . then changes to\",fout_*1000,\"Hz\"\n",
+      "print\"(d)The positive nd negative limits are\",Eupper,\"V and\",Elower,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The charge current is 1.67 mA\n",
+        "(b)The current frequency is 1 KHz\n",
+        "(c)df= 200.0 Hz \n",
+        "and The frequency shift is 400.0 Hz\n",
+        "fout was initially 1200.0 Hz . then changes to 800.0 Hz\n",
+        "(d)The positive nd negative limits are 4 V and -4 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.4 Page No 380"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#GIven\n",
+      "Ra=9.1       #Kohm\n",
+      "thigh=1      #ms\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "C=thigh*10**-3/(1.1*Ra)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of C is\",round(C*10**3,1),\"microF\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of C is 0.1 microF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.5 Page No 381"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ra=10              #Kohm\n",
+      "C=0.2              #microF\n",
+      "Ci=0.001           #microF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "thigh=1.1*(Ra*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "t=Ra*10**3*Ci\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The value of high time is\",thigh*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)Time constant is\",t/1000,\"ms\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The value of high time is 2.2 ms\n",
+        "(b)Time constant is 0.01 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.6 Page No 383"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ra=10           #Kohm\n",
+      "C=0.1           #microF\n",
+      "f=1             #kHz\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "thigh=1.1*(Ra*10**3*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "#thigh should exceed two periods and be less than 3 periods.\n",
+      "thigh_=2.2      #ms, chose a value\n",
+      "Ra=thigh_/(1.1*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) The time interval is\",thigh*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"Ra is\",Ra/10**6,\"Kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) The time interval is 1.1 ms\n",
+        "Ra is 20.0 Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.7 Page No 387"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R=100           #Kohm\n",
+      "C=0.01          #microF\n",
+      "p1=3           #pin\n",
+      "p2=4\n",
+      "p3=7\n",
+      "p4=8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "T=R*10**3*C*10**-6\n",
+      "tlow1=4*T         #Using Table 13-2, pin=3 , time= 4*T\n",
+      "tlow2=8*T\n",
+      "tlow3=64*T\n",
+      "tlow4=128*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The required time is\",tlow1*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The required time is\",tlow2*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)The required time is\",tlow3*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"(d)The required time is\",tlow4*1000,\"ms\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The required time is 4.0 ms\n",
+        "(b)The required time is 8.0 ms\n",
+        "(c)The required time is 64.0 ms\n",
+        "(d)The required time is 128.0 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.8 Page No 389"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "T=1          #s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#Pins 3,6,7 are jumpered\n",
+      "Tsum1=8*T+16*T\n",
+      "Tsum2=4*T+32*T+64*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The timing cycle is\",Tsum1,\"s\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The timing cycle is\",Tsum2,\"s\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The timing cycle is 24 s\n",
+        "(b)The timing cycle is 100 s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.9 Page No 389"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "C=1        #microF\n",
+      "R=5        #Mohm\n",
+      "T=5        #s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Tsum1=4*T+8*T\n",
+      "t=1*T\n",
+      "Tsum2=T+2*T+4*T+8*T+16*T+32*T+64*T+128*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The timing cycle is\",Tsum1/60,\"min\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)Minimum programmeble timing cycle is\",t,\"s\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)maximum programmable timing cycle is\",round(Tsum2,2),\"s or 21 min 15 s\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The timing cycle is 1 min\n",
+        "(b)Minimum programmeble timing cycle is 5 s\n",
+        "(c)maximum programmable timing cycle is 1275.0 s or 21 min 15 s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.10 Page No 391"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "T=2.5           #ms\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#pin from fig 13-19\n",
+      "p1=1\n",
+      "p2=2\n",
+      "p3=3\n",
+      "p4=4\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#Time base rating\n",
+      "t1=T\n",
+      "t2=2*T\n",
+      "t3=4*T\n",
+      "t4=8*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Period\n",
+      "P1=2*T\n",
+      "P2=4*T\n",
+      "P3=8*T\n",
+      "P4=16*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Frequency\n",
+      "f1=1/(P1)\n",
+      "f2=1/(P2)\n",
+      "f3=1/(P3)\n",
+      "f4=1/(P4)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The frequencies are\",f1*1000,\"Hz,\",f2*1000,\"Hz,\",f3*1000,\"Hz,\",f4*1000,\"Hz\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The frequencies are 200.0 Hz, 100.0 Hz, 50.0 Hz, 25.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.11 Page No 393"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 13.11 (a)\n",
+      "T=1         #ms\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Tsum=T+4*T\n",
+      "period=Tsum+T\n",
+      "f=1/(period*10**-3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The frequency is\",round(f,1),\"Hz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The frequency is 166.7 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C14_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C14_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5eaa01c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C14_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 14:Digital to analog Converters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.1 Page no 403"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "n=8            #An 8-bit DAC wire\n",
+      "V1=0           #Voltage range\n",
+      "V2=5.12\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "R=2**n\n",
+      "dvo=V2/R\n",
+      "Vfs=V2*(1-1/R)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The resolution is\",R\n",
+      "print\"(b)The output change per bit is\",dvo*1000,\"mV/bit\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)the ideal full scale output voltage is\",Vfs,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The resolution is 256\n",
+        "(b)The output change per bit is 20.0 mV/bit\n",
+        "(c)the ideal full scale output voltage is 5.12 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.2 Page no 404"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Res=20        #mV/bit\n",
+      "#From the given code  00010110 and 10000000\n",
+      "#The binary weighted code for unipolar operation\n",
+      "b7=0\n",
+      "b6=0\n",
+      "b5=0\n",
+      "b4=1\n",
+      "b3=0\n",
+      "b2=1\n",
+      "b1=1\n",
+      "b0=0\n",
+      "#For part (b)\n",
+      "b7_=1\n",
+      "b6_=0\n",
+      "b5_=0\n",
+      "b4_=0\n",
+      "b3_=0\n",
+      "b2_=0\n",
+      "b1_=0\n",
+      "b0_=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "D=b7*2**7+b6*2**6+b5*2**5+b4*2**4+b3*2**3+b2*2**2+b1*2**1+b0*2**0\n",
+      "Vo=D*Res*10**-3\n",
+      "D_=b7_*2**7+b6_*2**6+b5_*2**5+b4_*2**4+b3_*2**3+b2_*2**2+b1_*2**1+b0_*2**0\n",
+      "Vo_=D_*Res*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Resul\n",
+      "print\"(a)The output voltage is\",Vo,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The output voltage is\",Vo_,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The output voltage is 0.44 V\n",
+        "(b)The output voltage is 2.56 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.3 Page no 404"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From Example 14.1\n",
+      "n=8            #An 8-bit DAC wire\n",
+      "V1=0           #Voltage range\n",
+      "V2=5.12\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "dvo=2*V2/2**n    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The full scale  output voltage range\",dvo*1000,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The full scale  output voltage range 40.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.4 Page no 405"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vref=10.24          #V, input ref voltage\n",
+      "p=0.05              #Percentage error\n",
+      "n=12                #12 bit unipolar DAC\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Voff=0.05/100*Vref\n",
+      "dvo=Vref/(2**n)\n",
+      "a=Voff/dvo\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#REsult\n",
+      "print\"The offset voltage is\",Voff*1000,\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"Interms of least significant bit(s) it is\",dvo*1000,\"mV/bit\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The offset voltage is 5.12 mV\n",
+        "Interms of least significant bit(s) it is 2.5 mV/bit\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.5 Page no 407"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "n=8.0           #8-bit DAC\n",
+      "error=0.2     #percent\n",
+      "Vref=5.12     #V\n",
+      "Vos=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "V11=(((-error/100.0))+1)*(Vref)+Vos\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#REsult\n",
+      "print\"The minimum output voltage is\",round(V11,1),\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum output voltage is 5.1 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.6 Page no 411"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "n=4.0            #4 bit resistance ladder\n",
+      "R=10.0           #kohm\n",
+      "Vref=10.0        #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Res=Vref/(2**n*R*10**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#From dicimal value of binary 1111\n",
+      "D=15\n",
+      "Iout=Res*D\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The resolution of 1 LSB is\",Res*10**6,\"microA\"\n",
+      "print\"output current is\",Iout*1000,\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The resolution of 1 LSB is 62.5 microA\n",
+        "output current is 0.9375 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.7 Page no 412"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Io=62.5             #microA,  from ex. 14.6\n",
+      "Rf=10               #kohm , from fig.14.7\n",
+      "Vref=10             #V, reference voltage\n",
+      "R=Rf\n",
+      "n=4                 #no of bits\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "VR=Io*Rf*10**-3\n",
+      "D=15               #For a digital input of 1111\n",
+      "Vo=-VR*D\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#REsult\n",
+      "print\"The voltage resolution of 1 LSB is\",VR,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"When digital input is 1111 , Vo is\",Vo,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage resolution of 1 LSB is 0.625 V\n",
+        "When digital input is 1111 , Vo is -9.375 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.8 Page no 416"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vref=10.0            #V, from fig. 14.8.  reference voltage\n",
+      "Rref=5.0            #kohm\n",
+      "n=8.0                #no of bits\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Iref=Vref/Rref\n",
+      "I=Vref/(Rref*2**n)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The ladder input current is\",Iref,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"Current value of 1 LSB is\",round(I*1000,3),\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The ladder input current is 2.0 mA\n",
+        "Current value of 1 LSB is 7.813 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.9 Page no 417"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "I=7.812          #Current resolution from ex 14.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ifs=I*10**-3*255    #From eq. 14-15(a)\n",
+      "#The value of D for part (a),(b),(c)\n",
+      "D1=1            #for digital input 00000001\n",
+      "D2=128\t\t#for digital input 10000000\n",
+      "D3=255\t\t#for digital input 11111111\n",
+      "Iout1=I*D1\n",
+      "Iout2=I*D2\n",
+      "Iout3=I*D3\n",
+      "Iout_1=Ifs-Iout1*10**-3\n",
+      "Iout_2=Ifs-Iout2*10**-3\n",
+      "Iout_3=Ifs-Iout3*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) The Iout is\",Iout1,\"mA and Iout_ is\",round(Iout_1,3),\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) The Iout is\",Iout2,\"mA and Iout_ is\",round(Iout_2,3),\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(c) The Iout is\",Iout3,\"mA and Iout_ is\",Iout_3,\"mA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) The Iout is 7.812 mA and Iout_ is 1.984 mA\n",
+        "(b) The Iout is 999.936 mA and Iout_ is 0.992 mA\n",
+        "(c) The Iout is 1992.06 mA and Iout_ is 0.0 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.10 Page no 417"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 14.8 (a)\n",
+      "Vref=10         #V\n",
+      "Rf=5\t\t#kohm\n",
+      "Rref=5.0\t\t#kohm\n",
+      "n=8\t\t#\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "VR=Vref*Rf/(Rref*2**n)\n",
+      "D1=1\t\t#Value of D for 00000001\n",
+      "D2=255\t\t#Value of D for 11111111\n",
+      "Vo1=VR*1000*D1\n",
+      "Vo2=VR*1000*D2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Vo is \",round(Vo1,0),\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Vo is \",round(Vo2/1000,3),\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Vo is  39.0 V\n",
+        "(b) Vo is  9.961 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.11 Page no 418"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 14.9(a)\n",
+      "I=8             #microA,  value of 1 LSB\n",
+      "Rf=5\t\t# kohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#from eq 14-15(a)\n",
+      "Ifs=I*10**-3*255\n",
+      "D1=0 \t\t#Value of D for 00000000\n",
+      "Iout1=I*D1\n",
+      "Iout_1=Ifs-Iout1\n",
+      "Vo1=(Iout1-Iout_1)*Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "D2=127           #From digital value(b)\n",
+      "Iout2=I*D2\n",
+      "Iout_2=Ifs-Iout2/1000.0\n",
+      "Vo2=(Iout2/1000.0-Iout_2)*Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "D3=128 \t\t#Value of D for 00000000\n",
+      "Iout3=I*D3\n",
+      "Iout_3=Ifs-Iout3/1000.0\n",
+      "Vo3=(Iout3/1000.0-Iout_3)*Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "D4=255 \t\t#Value of D for 00000000\n",
+      "Iout4=I*D4\n",
+      "Iout_4=Ifs-Iout4/1000\n",
+      "Vo4=(Iout4/1000-Iout_4)*Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)Vo is \",Vo1,\"V . (b)Vo is \",round(Vo2,3),\"V. (c)Vo is \",Vo3,\"V .(d)Vo is \",round(Vo4,0),\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 2.04\n",
+        "(a)Vo is  -10.2 V . (b)Vo is  -0.04 V. (c)Vo is  0.04 V .(d)Vo is  10.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C15_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C15_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27c99a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C15_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 15: Analog to digital converters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.1 Page No 432"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "n=8 \t\t#8 bit ADC\n",
+      "V1=0\t\t#V, input unipolar voltage\n",
+      "V2=10\t\t#V\n",
+      "Vi=5.2   \t#V, applied input voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "LSB=V2*1000/(2**n)\n",
+      "Vifs=V2-LSB*10**-3\n",
+      "D=Vi/LSB*10**3\n",
+      "binary=10000101\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The minimum input voltage is\",LSB,\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)Input voltage  that will cause all 1s at ADC's output\",Vifs,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)The No of LSB's are \",round(D,0),\"So The digital output code is\",binary\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The minimum input voltage is 39 mV\n",
+        "(b)Input voltage  that will cause all 1s at ADC's output 9.961 V\n",
+        "(c)The No of LSB's are  133.0 So The digital output code is 10000101\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.2 Page No 434"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given  (from example 15.1)\n",
+      "n=8 \t\t#8 bit ADC\n",
+      "FSR=10\t\t#V\n",
+      "LSB=39.1        #mA, from ex. 15.1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vifs=FSR*10**3-LSB+LSB/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The voltahe is\",Vifs/1000,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltahe is 9.98045 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.3 Page No 435"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "error=0.5      #percent\n",
+      "FSR=10\t\t#V\n",
+      "Vifs=9.961      #From ex 15.1 (c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "V=FSR*error/100.0\n",
+      "Vin=Vifs-V*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The required voltage is\",round(Vin,2),\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required voltage is 9.96 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.4 Page No 438"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vin1=100      #mV, input voltage\n",
+      "Vin2=200      #mV, input voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "T2=0.833*Vin1   #From eq 15.6(b)\n",
+      "T2_=0.833*Vin2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)The required tome is\",T2,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)The required tome is\",T2_,\"ms\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)The required tome is 83.3 ms\n",
+        "(b)The required tome is 166.6 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.5 Page No 439"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vin=100      #mV\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vo=10*Vin   #From eq 15.7(c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The digital output is\",Vo,\"counts \"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The digital output is 1000 counts \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.6 Page No 442"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given\n",
+      "n=8   \t\t#Bit\n",
+      "t=1             #micros, time for 1 clock pulse\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calcultion\n",
+      "Tc=t*(n+1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The required time is\",Tc,\"microsecond\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required time is 9 microsecond\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.7 Page No 450"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "n=8    \t\t#8 bit ADC\n",
+      "t=10   \t\t#micros,  conversion time\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "fmax=1/(2*math.pi*2**n*t*10**-6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The maximum frequency is\",round(fmax,0),\"Hz\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum frequency is 62.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.8 Page No 451"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "t=50 \t\t#ns, aperture time\n",
+      "n=8\n",
+      "error=1         #LSB\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "fmax=1/(2*math.pi*2**n*t*10**-9)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The maximum frequency is\",round(fmax/1000,1),\"Hz\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum frequency is 12.4 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C16_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C16_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ba96200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C16_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 16:Power Supplies"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.1 Page No 455"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#from fig. 16.1\n",
+      "Erms=24       #V, rms voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Em=1.4*Erms\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The maximum instantaneous voltage is\",round(Em,0),\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum instantaneous voltage is 34.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.2 Page No 460"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 16.4 and 16.5\n",
+      "#at no load\n",
+      "Ilnl=0         #A, load current\t\t\n",
+      "Vdcnl=34\t#V\n",
+      "Ilfl=1       #A, at full load\n",
+      "Vdcfl=24    #V\t\n",
+      "Il=0.5       \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ro=(Vdcnl-Vdcfl)/(Ilfl)\n",
+      "Vdc=Vdcnl-Il*Ro\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"Th output resistance is\",Ro,\"ohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The dc output voltage is\",Vdc,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Th output resistance is 10 ohm\n",
+        "The dc output voltage is 29.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.3 Page No 461"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#GIven\n",
+      "Vdcnl=34\t#V, at no load\n",
+      "Ilfl=1          #A, at full load\n",
+      "Vdcfl=24        #V, at full load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "regu=(Vdcnl-Vdcfl)*100/Vdcfl\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Thepercent regulation is\",round(regu,1),\"percent\"\t\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Thepercent regulation is 41.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.4 Page No 463"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "If=1           #A, full load current\n",
+      "Vf=24          #V  full load voltage\n",
+      "C=1000 \t\t#microF , capacitance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "dvo=If/(200*C**10**-6)\n",
+      "Vrms=dvo/(3.5)\n",
+      "Vlmin=Vf-(round(dvo*1000,0)/2.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"(a)peak to peak and rms value of ripple voltage is\",round(dvo*1000,0),\"V and\",round(Vrms*1000,2),\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) The minimum instanttaneous output voltage is\",Vlmin,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)peak to peak and rms value of ripple voltage is 5.0 V and 1.43 V\n",
+        "(b) The minimum instanttaneous output voltage is 21.5 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.5 Page No 463"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#from example 16.4\n",
+      "Vf=24.0           #V\n",
+      "Vrms=1.43        #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "ripple=Vrms/Vf*100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The percentage ripple is\",round(ripple,0),\"percent\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The percentage ripple is 6.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.6 Page No 464"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vdcfl=12.0           #V, voltage\n",
+      "Ilfl=1.0             #A  current\n",
+      "ripp=10.0            #percent,  ripple\n",
+      "Ro=10.0              #ohm,  guess value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "#DC design procedure\n",
+      "#from  eq 16.3(a)\n",
+      "Vdcnl=Vdcfl+Ilfl*Ro\n",
+      "Em=Vdcnl\n",
+      "Erms=Em/1.4\n",
+      "#For a FWB rectifier\n",
+      "Isec=1.8*Ilfl\n",
+      "PIV=Vdcnl+(20/100.0)*Vdcnl\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#AC design procedure\n",
+      "Vrms=(ripp/100.0)*Vdcfl\n",
+      "dvo=3.5*Vrms         #From eq 16.5 (b)\n",
+      "C=Ilfl/(200*dvo)\n",
+      "WVDC=Vdcnl+(20/100.0)*Vdcnl\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Transformer at :115V/18V at \",round(Isec,0),\"A\"\n",
+      "print\"Four diodes :each 1 A at PIV\",PIV,\"V (or more)\"\n",
+      "print\"THree capacitors: 500 muF connected in parallel,WVDC=\",WVDC,\"V (or more)\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Transformer at :115V/18V at  2.0 A\n",
+        "Four diodes :each 1 A at PIV 26.4 V (or more)\n",
+        "THree capacitors: 500 muF connected in parallel,WVDC= 26.4 V (or more)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Analysis Example 16.7 Page No 466"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ro=7\t\t#ohm\n",
+      "Ilfl=1\t\t#A, \n",
+      "C=1000          #microF\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Erms=1.8*Vrms\n",
+      "Em=1.4*Erms\n",
+      "Vdcnl=Em\n",
+      "Vdcfl=Vdcnl-Ilfl*Ro\n",
+      "reg=(Vdcnl-Vdcfl)*100/Vdcfl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dvo=(Ilfl/200*C*10**-6)\n",
+      "Vrms=dvo/3.5\n",
+      "rip=Vrms*100/Vdcfl\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)Vdcfl is\",Vdcfl,\"V and percentag eregulation is\",round(reg,0)\n",
+      "print\"(b)percentage ripple is\",round(rip,1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Plot\n",
+      "I=[0,5,10]\n",
+      "VdcNL=[26,22,18.5]\n",
+      "a1=plot(I,VdcNL)\n",
+      "show(a1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "t1=[0,16.7]\n",
+      "Vdcnl=[26,26]\n",
+      "t2=[0,2,8.34,10.34,16.7]\n",
+      "Vdcfl=[16,21,16,21.5,16]\n",
+      "a2=plot(t1,Vdcnl)\n",
+      "a3=plot(t2,Vdcfl)\n",
+      "show(a2)\n",
+      "show(a3)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Vdcfl is -7.0 V and percentag eregulation is -100.0\n",
+        "(b)percentage ripple is -0.0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x75605c0>"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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rPw5KhUG87KkZ3h3zLnx7+yJ4czBu/XZLdByDI/wVzbGKvIQOCMWWyC2I3B6J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\nWORERDLHIicikjkWORGRzP0vdswUY8DlrCUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7533ba8>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C2_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C2_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c91c71a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C2_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2:First Experiences with Op Amp"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1 Page No 19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vplus=15\n",
+      "Vminus=-15\n",
+      "Vsatp=13\n",
+      "Vsatm=-13          #All in Volts\n",
+      "Aol=200000.0         #gain\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(a)\n",
+      "Vam=-10*(10**-6)   #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vap=-15*(10**-6)   #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed1=Vap-Vam        #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout1=Ed1*Aol      #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if Vout1>15:\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage1 = 13.0000V\"   #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout1<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage1 = -13.0000V\"  #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage1 =  \",Vout1*Vsatp,\"V\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(b)\n",
+      "Vbm=-10*(10**-6)    #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vbp=+15*(10**-6)    #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed2=Vbp-Vbm         #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout2=Ed2*Aol       #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if Vout2>15:\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage2 = 13.0000V\"   #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout2<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage2 = -13.0000V\"  #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage2 =   \",Vout2,\"V\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(c)\n",
+      "Vcm=-10*(10**-6)         #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vcp=-5*(10**-6)          #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed3=Vcp-Vcm              #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout3=Ed3*Aol            #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if(Vout3>15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage3 = 13.0000V\"  #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout3<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage3 = -13.0000V\"  #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage3 =  \",Vout3,\"V\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(d)\n",
+      "Vdm=+1.000001           #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vdp=+1.000000           #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed4=Vdp-Vdm             #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout4=Ed4*Aol           #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if(Vout4>15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage4 = 13.0000V\"    #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout4<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage4 = -13.0000V\"    #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage4 =  \",round(Vout4,2),\"V\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(e)\n",
+      "Vem=+5*(10**-3)          #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vep=0                    #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed5=Vep-Vem              #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout5=Ed5*Aol            #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if(Vout5>15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage5 = 13.0000V\"   #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout5<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage5 = -13.0000V\"   #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage5 =   \",Vout5\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-1(f)\n",
+      "Vfm=0                      #voltage at minus input\n",
+      "Vfp=+5*(10**-3)            #voltage at plus input\n",
+      "Ed6=Vfp-Vfm                #Differential Input Voltage\n",
+      "Vout6=Ed6*Aol              #Output Voltage\n",
+      "if(Vout6>15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage6 = 13.0000V\"      #positive saturation voltage\n",
+      "elif(Vout6<-15):\n",
+      "    print\"Value of o/p voltage6 = -13.0000V\"    #negative saturation voltage\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print\" Value of o/p voltage6 =  V \",Vout6\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of o/p voltage1 =   -13.0 V\n",
+        " Value of o/p voltage2 =    5.0 V\n",
+        " Value of o/p voltage3 =   1.0 V\n",
+        " Value of o/p voltage4 =   -0.2 V\n",
+        "Value of o/p voltage5 = -13.0000V\n",
+        "Value of o/p voltage6 = 13.0000V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2 Page No 35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f=50.0           #in Hz\n",
+      "Vtemp=4.0        #input signal in volts\n",
+      "Ecm=10.0              \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "#Example 2-2(a)\n",
+      "T=1/f\n",
+      "Th=(Vtemp*T)/Ecm   #High time in seconds\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Example 2-2(b)\n",
+      "d=(Th/T)*100      #duty cycle in percentage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" High Time is \",Th*1000,\"ms\"\n",
+      "print\" Duty cycle is\",d,\"percent\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " High Time is  8.0 ms\n",
+        " Duty cycle is 40.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3 Page No 37"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vtemp=4.0               #in volts\n",
+      "Ecm=5.0                 #maximum peak voltage of a sawtooth carrier wave\n",
+      "T=0.01                #in seconds\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Th=T*(1-(Vtemp/Ecm))  #High Time\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" High Time is \",Th*1000,\"ms\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " High Time is  2.0 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C3_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C3_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e799a9b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C3_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3: Inverting and Non Inverting Amplifiers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1 Page No 47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf=100*(10**3)      #Feedback Resistance in ohms\n",
+      "Ri=10*(10**3)       #Input Resistance in ohms\n",
+      "Ei=1.0                #Input volts\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation \n",
+      "I=Ei/Ri              #Equation for current through Rf\n",
+      "Vout=-(Rf/Ri)*Ei      #Equation for Output Voltage\n",
+      "Acl=-(Rf/Ri)          #Closed loop gain of the amplifier \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Current through Rf  is\",I*1000,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Value of output voltage is \",Vout,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(c) Value of closed loop gain is\",Acl"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Current through Rf  is 0.1 mA\n",
+        "(b) Value of output voltage is  -10.0 V\n",
+        "(c) Value of closed loop gain is -10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2 Page No 47"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vout=10.0         #output voltage\n",
+      "I=0.1*(10**-3)   #current through Rf in amperes\n",
+      "Rl=25*(10**3)    #Load resistance in ohms\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Il=Vout/Rl\n",
+      "Iout=I+Il\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Value of load current is\",Il*1000,\"m\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Total current into the output pin of the opamp is \",Iout*1000,\"mA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Value of load current is 0.4 m\n",
+        "(b) Total current into the output pin of the opamp is  0.5 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3 Page No 49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf=250*(10**3)#Feedback Resistance in Ohms\n",
+      "Ri=10*(10**3)#Input Resistance in Ohms\n",
+      "Ei=0.5#Input voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "I=Ei/(Ri)\n",
+      "VRf=I*Rf\n",
+      "Ei1=-0.5\n",
+      "Vout=-(Rf/Ri)*Ei1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Value of current through Rf is\",I,\"A\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Voltage through Rf is \",VRf,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(c) Output Voltage is\",Vout,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Value of current through Rf is 5e-05 A\n",
+        "(b) Voltage through Rf is  12.5 V\n",
+        "(c) Output Voltage is 12.5 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No 49"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vout=12.5      #in volts\n",
+      "Il=2*10**-3    #in amperes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Rl=Vout/Il     #Load resistance in ohm\n",
+      "I=0.05*10**-3\n",
+      "Iout=I+Il\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Value of Load Resistance is\",Rl/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Value of output current is \",Iout*1000,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(c)The circuit input resistance is Rl=10Kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Value of Load Resistance is 6.25 kohm\n",
+        "(b) Value of output current is  2.05 mA\n",
+        "(c)The circuit input resistance is Rl=10Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5 Page No 50"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf=20*10**3\n",
+      "Ri=10*10**3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Acl=-(Rf/Ri)  #Voltage Gain\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Voltage Gain is\",Acl"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Voltage Gain is -2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 Page No 51"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei=-5         #input voltage\n",
+      "Acl=-2        #Voltage Gain\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout=Ei*Acl   #output voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Output Voltage is\",Vout,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Output Voltage is 10 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7 Page No :51"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ri=10*10**3       #input resistance in ohm\n",
+      "Gain= 25\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Rf=Gain*Ri        #feedback resistance in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Rf is\",Rf/1000,\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Rf is 250 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.8 Page No 52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "E1=2\n",
+      "E2=3\n",
+      "E3=1        #input voltage\n",
+      "R=10*10**3  #in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vout=-(E1+E2+E3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Value of o/p voltage is  \",Vout,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of o/p voltage is   -6 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.9 Page No 53"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "E1=2.0\n",
+      "E2=3.0\n",
+      "E3=-1.0      #input voltage\n",
+      "R=10*10**3   #in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout=-(E1+E2+E3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Value of o/p voltage is\",Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of o/p voltage is -4.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11 Page No 56"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#Channel 1\n",
+      "Ri= 10*10**3      #Choosing Input resistance\n",
+      "Acl = -10.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Rf1 = - (Acl * Ri)\n",
+      "#Channel 2\n",
+      "Acl1 = -5\n",
+      "Rf2 = - (Acl1 * Ri)\n",
+      "#channel 3\n",
+      "Acl2 = -2\n",
+      "Rf3 = - (Acl2 * Ri)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Rf1 =  \",Rf1/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Value of Rf2 =  \",Rf2/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Value of Rf3 =  \",Rf3/1000,\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Rf1 =   100.0 kohm\n",
+        " Value of Rf2 =   50 kohm\n",
+        " Value of Rf3 =   20 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.12 Page No 57"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R1=100000.0\n",
+      "R2=100000.0\n",
+      "R3=100000.0\n",
+      "R=100000.0     #in ohm\n",
+      "Rf=33*10**3    #in ohm\n",
+      "E1=5\n",
+      "E2=5\n",
+      "E3=-1  #in volts\n",
+      "n=3.0          #number of inputs\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout=-(E1+E2+E3)/n   #output voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of output voltage is\",Vout,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of output voltage is -3.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.13 Page No 59"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf = 40*10**3\n",
+      "R1 = 10*10**3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Acl = (Rf + R1)/R1\n",
+      "print\"(a) Value of Voltage Gain =   \",Acl\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Value of Voltage Gain =    5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.14 Page No 59"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given \n",
+      "Acl = 10.0    # Gain is positive, so choose noninvering amplifier\n",
+      "R1 = 10*10**3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Rf = (Acl*R1)-R1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Rf is\",Rf/1000,\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15 Page No 62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei=4.0       #in volts\n",
+      "Rl=10*10**3  #in ohm\n",
+      "I=0          #in ampere\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout=Ei      #output voltage\n",
+      "Il=Vout/Rl   #load current\n",
+      "I0=I+Il      #output current \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of o/p voltage is\",Vout,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Value of load current is \",Il*1000,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\" Value of output current is \",I0*1000,\"mA\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of o/p voltage is 4.0 V\n",
+        " Value of load current is  0.4 mA\n",
+        " Value of output current is  0.4 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C4_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C4_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fb262ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C4_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4: Comparators and Controls"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.1 Page No 88"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vsat = 14.0         #Saturation Voltage\n",
+      "R1 = 1000.0 \n",
+      "R2 = 100.0            #Load resistances\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vut = (R2/(R1*R2))*Vsat\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Upper Threshold Voltage =  \",Vut*1000,\"mV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Upper Threshold Voltage =   14.0 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2 Page No 88"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vsat = -13.0        #Saturation Voltage\n",
+      "R1 = 1000.0\n",
+      "R2 = 100.0          #Load resistances\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vlt = (R2/(R1*R2))*Vsat\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Lower Threshold Voltage = \",Vlt*1000,\"mV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Lower Threshold Voltage =  -13.0 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.4 Page No 94"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vut = 12.0\n",
+      "Vlt = 8.0            #Upper and Lower Threshold Voltages \n",
+      "Vsatp = 15.0\n",
+      "Vsatm = -15.0        # Saturation Voltages\n",
+      "R = 10*10**3         #Choosing R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vh = Vut - Vlt          # Hysteresis Voltage \n",
+      "Vctr = (Vut + Vlt)/2.0  #Center Voltage\n",
+      "n = (Vsatp - Vsatm)/Vh  # Resistor Factor\n",
+      "Vref = Vctr / (1 + (1/n)) #Reference Voltage\n",
+      "Resistance = n * R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Center Voltage = \", Vctr ,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Resistor Factor =  \" , n \n",
+      "print\" Reference Voltage =  \", round(Vref,2)\n",
+      "print\" Feedback resistor is \", Resistance"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Center Voltage =  10.0 V\n",
+        " Resistor Factor =   7.5\n",
+        " Reference Voltage =   8.82\n",
+        " Feedback resistor is  75000.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.5 Page No 95"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vsatp = 15.0\n",
+      "Vsatm = -15.0     # Saturation Voltages\n",
+      "Vh = 4.0          #Hysteresis Voltage\n",
+      "Vctr = 10.0       #Center voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "n = ((Vsatp - Vsatm)/Vh)-1 \n",
+      "R = 10*10**3    #Input Resistance\n",
+      "Vref = ((n + 1)*(Vctr))/n  # Reference Voltage\n",
+      "Resistance = n * R # Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"  Resistance Factor = \", n\n",
+      "print\"  Reference Voltage = \", round(Vref,2),\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"  Feedback Resistance = \", Resistance/1000,\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "  Resistance Factor =  6.5\n",
+        "  Reference Voltage =  11.54 V\n",
+        "  Feedback Resistance =  65.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.6 Page No 98"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vut = 13.5\n",
+      "Vlt = 10.5      #Upper and Lower Threshold Voltages\n",
+      "Vref = -15      # Reference Voltage\n",
+      "Vsatp = 13.0\n",
+      "Vsatm = -13.0   #Saturation Voltages \n",
+      "R = 10*10**3    # Input Resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vctr = (Vut + Vlt)/2.0\n",
+      "Vh = Vut - Vlt \n",
+      "m = -(Vref / Vctr)\n",
+      "Resistance = m * R \n",
+      "n = (Vsatp-Vsatm)/Vh \n",
+      "Resistance1 = n * R \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"  Hysteresis Voltage = \", Vh \n",
+      "print\"  Center Voltage =  \", Vctr \n",
+      "print\"  Resistor mR = \", Resistance/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"  Resistor nR = \", round(Resistance1/1000,2),\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "  Hysteresis Voltage =  3.0\n",
+        "  Center Voltage =   12.0\n",
+        "  Resistor mR =  12.5 kohm\n",
+        "  Resistor nR =  86.67 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C5_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C5_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e04d327d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C5_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5 :Selected applications of Op Amps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1 Page No 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei = 0.5         #Input voltage\n",
+      "Ri = 1*10**3     #Input resistance in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Im = Ei / Ri     #Meter Current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Meter Current = \", Im*1000,\"mA\"  "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Meter Current =  0.5 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2 Page No 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Efs = 5.0       #Full scale Voltage\n",
+      "Ifs = 50*10**-6 #Full scale Meter Current\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ri = Efs / Ifs  # Input Resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Input Resistance =\", Ri/1000,\"Kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Input Resistance = 100.0 Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3 Page No 122"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Edc = 5.0\n",
+      "Erms = 5.0\n",
+      "Epeak = 5.0\n",
+      "Eptop = 5.0      # Voltages of meters \n",
+      "Ifs = 50*10**-6  # Full scale Meter Current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ri1 = Edc / Ifs               # DC Voltmeter\n",
+      "Ri2 = 0.90 * (Erms / Ifs )    # Rms ac voltmeter ( math.sine wave only )\n",
+      "Ri3 = 0.636 * (Epeak / Ifs )  #Peak Reading Voltmeter ( math.sine wave only )\n",
+      "Ri4 = 0.318 * (Eptop / Ifs )  #Peak-to-Peak ac Voltmeter(math.sine wave only)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Ri1 \", Ri1/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Ri2 =\",Ri2/1000 ,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Ri3 = \", Ri3/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Ri4 = \", Ri4/1000,\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Ri1  100.0 kohm\n",
+        " Ri2 = 90.0 kohm\n",
+        " Ri3 =  63.6 kohm\n",
+        " Ri4 =  31.8 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No 123"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vo = 10.3         #Voltage across the load resistor\n",
+      "Ei = 5.0          #Input voltage\n",
+      "Ri = 1*10**3      #Input Resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "I = Ei / Ri  #Zener Current\n",
+      "Vt = Vo - Ei  #Zener Voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Zener Current = \", I,\"A\"\n",
+      "print\" Zener Voltage = \", Vt ,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Zener Current =  0.005 A\n",
+        " Zener Voltage =  5.3 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5 Page No 124"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei = 1.0        #Reference voltage\n",
+      "Ri = 1*10**3    #Input Resistance\n",
+      "Vo = 0.6       #Outpur Voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "I = Ei / Ri   #Diode Current\n",
+      "Vdiode = Vo \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Diode Current = \", I*1000 ,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\" Voltage drop across the diode = \", Vdiode,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Diode Current =  1.0 mA\n",
+        " Voltage drop across the diode =  0.6 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6 Page No 127"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R = 10*10**3     #Resistance\n",
+      "E2 = 0           #Source across negative terminal\n",
+      "Rl = 5*10**3     # Load Resistance\n",
+      "E1 = 5.0           # source across positive terminal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Il = (E1 - E2)/R  #Load Current\n",
+      "Vl = Il * Rl  # Voltage across Rl \n",
+      "Vo = (2*Vl)-E2  #Output voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Load current across Rl = \" , Il*1000 ,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Voltage across load resistance = \" , Vl,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(c) Output Voltage = \", Vo ,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Load current across Rl =  0.5 mA\n",
+        "(b) Voltage across load resistance =  2.5 V\n",
+        "(c) Output Voltage =  5.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.7 Page No 127"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R = 10*10**3      #Resistance\n",
+      "E2 = 5.0          #Source across negative terminal\n",
+      "Rl = 5*10**3      # Load Resistance\n",
+      "E1 = 0            # source across positive terminal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Il = (E1 - E2)/R  #Load Current\n",
+      "Vl = Il * Rl      # Voltage across Rl \n",
+      "Vo = (2*Vl)-E2    #Output voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) Load current across Rl =  \" , Il*1000,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Voltage across load resistance = \" , Vl,\"V\"\n",
+      "print \"(c) Output Voltage = \", Vo ,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) Load current across Rl =   -0.5 mA\n",
+        "(b) Voltage across load resistance =  -2.5 V\n",
+        "(c) Output Voltage =  -10.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.8 Page No 132"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vo = 5.0         #Output Voltage\n",
+      "Rf = 100*10**3   #Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Isc = Vo / Rf    #Short Circuit Current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Short Circuit Current = \" , Isc*10**6,\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Short Circuit Current =  50.0 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9 Page No  132"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given \n",
+      "Rf = 10*10**3      #Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "I = 10*10**-6      #Current through Photo Detector\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vo = Rf * I       #Vo for Dark Condition\n",
+      "I1 = 1*10**-3     #Current in presence of sunlight\n",
+      "Vo1 = Rf * I1     #output voltage in light condition\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a)Output Voltage for dark Condition =  \", Vo,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) Output voltage in light condition =  \", Vo1,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Output Voltage for dark Condition =   0.1 V\n",
+        "(b) Output voltage in light condition =   10.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10 Page No 133"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf = 100*10**3 #Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "Il1 = 1*10**-6  #Load current 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vo1 = Rf * Il1  #Output voltage in photo detector\n",
+      "Il2 = 50*10**-6  # Load  current 2\n",
+      "Vo2 = Rf * Il2  #Output Voltage in photo detector\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" (a)Output Voltage in photo detector for Il1 =  \",Vo1 ,\"V\"\n",
+      "print \" (b)Output Voltage in photo detector for Il2 =  \",Vo2 ,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " (a)Output Voltage in photo detector for Il1 =   0.1 V\n",
+        " (b)Output Voltage in photo detector for Il2 =   5.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11 Page No 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R = 1*10**3\n",
+      "R1 = 99*10**3  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "m = R1 / R        #multiplier\n",
+      "Isc = 10*10**-6   #Current on short-circuit condition\n",
+      "Il = (1 + m)*Isc \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Load current = \", Il*1000,\"mA\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Load current =  1.0 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12 Page No 136"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Im = 100*10**-6     #Meter current \n",
+      "Isc = 0.5           # Current in short-circuit condition\n",
+      "Rf = 20             # Feedback resistance\n",
+      "Rm = 0.8*10**3     #Meter resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "d = Isc / Im      #Current divider\n",
+      "R1 = d * Rf \n",
+      "Rscale = R1 - Rm \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Resistance dRf = \", R1/1000 ,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Rscale = \", Rscale/1000,\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Resistance dRf =  100.0 kohm\n",
+        " Rscale =  99.2 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13 Page No 138"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f = 10**3  #Frequency of Ei in Hz\n",
+      "Ci = 0.01*10**-6  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "m = math.tan(math.pi/4)\n",
+      "Ri = m / (2*math.pi*f*Ci)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Value of Ri = \",round(Ri/1000,1),\"kohm\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of Ri =  15.9 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14 Page No 138"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "f = 10**3 \n",
+      "Ri = 100*10**3  \n",
+      "Ci = 0.01*10**-6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "phaseangle = 2*math.atan(2*math.pi*f*Ri*Ci)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Phase angle  =\", round(phaseangle*180/3.14,2),\"degree\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Phase angle  = 162.0 degree\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15 Page no 143"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#From fig 5-14(a) and b\n",
+      "Ei=2      #V, voltage\n",
+      "Vf=4      #Vf force\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vo=-2*Ei     #Vo forces\n",
+      "Vcap=3*Ei\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Vo is\",Vo,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"Vcap is\",Vcap,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vo is -4 V\n",
+        "Vcap is 6 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16 Page no 144"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei=4    #V\n",
+      "Vo=8    #V\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vr=-Vo\n",
+      "Vcap=Ei+Vo\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Vcap is\",Vcap,\"V\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Vcap is 12 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.17 Page no 144"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ri=1*10**5\n",
+      "C=10**-6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "T=3*Ri*C\n",
+      "Et=5*T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Equilibrium Time is\",Et,\"s\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Equilibrium Time is 1.5 s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18 Page no 146"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given\n",
+      "Ci=0.1*10**-6      #capacitance, farady\n",
+      "Ci_=0.1            #microF\n",
+      "f=1000             #frequency\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Ri=1/(2*math.pi*f*Ci)\n",
+      "Rf=20/(2*math.pi*f*Ci)\n",
+      "Cf=1/(2*math.pi*f*Rf)\n",
+      "#a=0.4*math.sin(2*math.pi*1000*t)\n",
+      "#Vo=-Cf*Ci*a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from sympy import *\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "t = Symbol('t')\n",
+      "y = -Rf*Ci_/10**6*0.4*sin(2*math.pi*1000*t)\n",
+      "y_ = y.diff(t)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Reslt\n",
+      "print Ci_\n",
+      "print\"a)Rf is \",round(Rf/1000,1),\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\"Cf is \",round(Cf*10**6,9),\"microF\"\n",
+      "print\"(b)Output voltage is \",y_,\"V\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#NOTE: Answer is same .In the book it is written 2*math.pi*1000  ."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0.1\n",
+        "a)Rf is  31.8 kohm\n",
+        "Cf is  0.005 microF\n",
+        "(b)Output voltage is  -8.0*cos(6283.18530717959*t) V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C6_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C6_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bc13612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C6_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6: Signal Generators"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.1 Page No 155"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R1 = 100*10**3 \n",
+      "R2 = 86*10**3 \n",
+      "Vsatp = 15.0\n",
+      "Vsatm = -15.0      #Saturation voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vut = (R2 * Vsatp)/(R1 + R2)\n",
+      "Vlt = (R2 * Vsatm)/(R1 + R2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Upper Threshold Voltage = \",round(Vut,0),\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Lower Threshold Voltage = \",round(Vlt,0),\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Upper Threshold Voltage =  7.0 V\n",
+        " Lower Threshold Voltage =  -7.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.2 Page No 155"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf = 100*10**3       #Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "C = 0.1*10**-6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "T = 2 * Rf * C\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Period  \", T,\"s or \",T*1000,\"ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Period   0.02 s or  20.0 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.3 Page No 155"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "T = 20*10**-3   #Period \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "f = 1 / T\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Frequency = \", f,\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Frequency =  50.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.5 Page No 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf = 100*10**3 #Feedback Resistance\n",
+      "C = 0.1*10**-6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "t = (Rf * C)/ 5.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Duration of output pulse of one-shot = \", t ,\"sec  or\",t*1000,\"ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Duration of output pulse of one-shot =  0.002 sec  or 2.0 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.6 Page No 162"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vsatm = -13.8  \n",
+      "Vut = 5.0      #Upper Threshold Voltage\n",
+      "R = 10*10**3 \n",
+      "f = 1000.0    #Frequency\n",
+      "C = 0.05*10**-6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "p = -Vsatm / Vut \n",
+      "pR = round(p,1) * R \n",
+      "Ri = p / (4*f*C) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Value of p = \", p \n",
+      "print\" Value of pR =\", pR/1000,\"kohm\"\n",
+      "print\" Value of Ri = \", round(Ri/1000,0),\"kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Value of p =  2.76\n",
+        " Value of pR = 28.0 kohm\n",
+        " Value of Ri =  14.0 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.7 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "p = 2.8 \n",
+      "Vsatm = -13.8 \n",
+      "Ri = 28*10**3 \n",
+      "C = 0.05*10**-6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vut = - ((Vsatm+0.6)/p)\n",
+      "f = p / (2*Ri*C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Peak Voltage = \", round(Vut,2),\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" frequency =  \", f ,\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Peak Voltage =  4.71 V\n",
+        " frequency =   1000.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.8 Page No  167"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "#Checking Frequency value\n",
+      "Ri = 10*10**3 \n",
+      "Ci = 0.1*10**-6 \n",
+      "Ei = 1.0 \n",
+      "Vref = 10.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "f = Ei / (Ri*Ci*Vref) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Frequency is \", f,\"Hz\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Frequency is  100.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.9 Page No 168"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ri = 10*10**3   #Resistance\n",
+      "Ci = 0.1*10**-6 \n",
+      "Ei = 2.0 \n",
+      "Vref = 2.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "f = Ei / (Ri*Ci*Vref) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \" New Frequency of oscillation is \", f/1000 ,\"KHz\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Frequency is   200.0 Hz. So It means Frequency is doubled.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.10 Page no 168"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vref1 = 10.0 \n",
+      "Vref2 = 5.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "f1 =1000/Vref1\n",
+      "f2 = 1000/Vref2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"For Vref=10V, frequency is\",f1,\"Hz and For Vref=5V, frequency is\",f2,\"Hz\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For Vref=10V, frequency is 100.0 Hz and For Vref=5V, frequency is 200.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.11 Page no 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "V=5    #Peak voltage\n",
+      "f=1    #Khz frequency\n",
+      "Vref=5 #V\n",
+      "C=0.01*10**-6  #Capacitance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ri=1/(4*f*1000*C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Value of Ri is\",Ri/1000,\"Kohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Ri is 25.0 Kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.12 Page No 175"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ei = 1.0 \n",
+      "#Angle given in degree\n",
+      "t1 = 45.0  \n",
+      "t2 = 90.0\n",
+      "t3 = 225.0\n",
+      "t4 = 405.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Vang1 = (20*10**-3)*t1 \n",
+      "Vang2 = (20*10**-3)*t2 \n",
+      "Vang3 = (20*10**-3)*t3 \n",
+      "Vang4 = (20*10**-3)*t4\n",
+      "Vo1 = Ei*math.sin(t1*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vo2 = Ei*math.sin(t2*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vo3 = Ei*math.sin(t3*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "Vo4 = Ei*math.sin(t4*3.14/180.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Input Voltages are \", Vang1,\"V, \",Vang2,\"V ,\",Vang3,\"V,\",Vang4 , \"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Output Voltages are  \", round(Vo1,3),\"V,\",round(Vo2,3),\"V,\",round(Vo3,3),\"V,\",round(Vo4,3),\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Input Voltages are  0.9 V,  1.8 V , 4.5 V, 8.1 V\n",
+        " Output Voltages are   0.707 V, 1.0 V, -0.706 V, 0.705 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.13 Page No 178"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R1 = 10*10**3 \n",
+      "R2 = 100*10**3 \n",
+      "C = 0.025*10**-6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "f1 = 1 / (4*R1*C) \n",
+      "f2 = 1 / (4*R2*C) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Frequency when Ri is 10KiloOhm is \" , f1/1000.0,\"KHz\"\n",
+      "print\" Frequency when Ri is 100KiloOhm is \" , f2,\"Hz\"\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Frequency when Ri is 10KiloOhm is  1.0 KHz\n",
+        " Frequency when Ri is 100KiloOhm is  100.0 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C7_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C7_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a018ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C7_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7:Op Amps with diodes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1 Page no 205"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "V = 15.0       #V,Voltage\n",
+      "mR = 30*10**3  #, ohm, Resistance \n",
+      "R = 10*10**3    #ohm, 2nd resistor\n",
+      "Ei = -10        #V, Voltage supply\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vref = V / 3.0 \n",
+      "Voa = -Ei-Vref  \n",
+      "Vob = Ei / 2.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Reference voltage is\",Vref,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\"Values of Voa =\",Voa,\"V\",\"and Vob \", Vob,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Reference voltage is 5.0 V\n",
+        "Values of Voa = 5.0 V and Vob  -5.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C8_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C8_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5da6d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C8_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:eb16b5620fb956842995f8d06be59d7e1e1d7123054fdad5a84f667167801f94"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8: Differential, Instrumentation and Bridge amplifiers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1 Page No 218"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "m = 100.0              #Differential Gain\n",
+      "E1 = 10*10**-3\n",
+      "E2 = 10*10**-3         #input voltages\n",
+      "E3 = 0*10**-3 \n",
+      "E4 = -20*10**-3        #input voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout1 = (m*E1)-(m*E2)    \n",
+      "Vout2 = (m*E1)-(m*E3)\n",
+      "Vout3 = (m*E1)-(m*E4)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Output Voltages are   \", Vout1,\"V, \",Vout2,\"V ,\",Vout3,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Output Voltages are    0.0 V,  1.0 V , 3.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2 Page no. 220"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "V=5      #V\n",
+      "d=2       #mV\n",
+      "E1=V+d*10**-3\n",
+      "E2=V-d*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Eds=E1-E2\n",
+      "Ecm=(E1+E2)/2.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Input signal voltage is\",Eds*1000,\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"Common mode voltage is\",Ecm,\"V\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input signal voltage is 4.0 mV\n",
+        "Common mode voltage is 5.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2 Page No 225"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "a = 2/9.0       #Differential Gain\n",
+      "E1 = 10*10**-3\n",
+      "E2 = 5*10**-3   #Input Voltages \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout = (E1 - E2)*(1+(2/a))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" output voltage = \", Vout*1000,\"mV\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " output voltage =  50.0 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3 Page No 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "R = 25*10**3 \n",
+      "aR = 50.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "a = aR / R \n",
+      "Gain = 1 + (2/a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"Voltage Gain = \" , Gain "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage Gain =  1001.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4 Page No 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "import numpy\n",
+      "a=numpy.inf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Gain = 1+(2/a)  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Voltage Gain =  \", Gain"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Voltage Gain =   1.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5 Page No 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "m = 1001.0     #Gain\n",
+      "E1 = 5.001\n",
+      "E2 = 5.002\n",
+      "E3 = 5.001 \n",
+      "E4 = 5.000  \n",
+      "E5 = -1.001 \n",
+      "E6 = -1.002 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout1 = m*(E1-E2)\n",
+      "Vout2 = m*(E3-E4) \n",
+      "Vout3 = m*(E5-E6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Output Voltages are   \", Vout1,\"V \",Vout2,\"V \",Vout3,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Output Voltages are    -1.001 V  1.001 V  1.001 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6 Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vout = 5.0    #Output Voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vce = Vout  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Vce=\",Vce,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Vce= 5.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7 Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vre = 1.2  \n",
+      "Re = 1*10**3 \n",
+      "Vce = 5\n",
+      "Vcc = 15         #Voltages in the circuit\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ie = Vre / Re \n",
+      "Vcol = Vce + Vre \n",
+      "Vrl = Vcc - Vcol \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Collector Voltage =  \", Vcol,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Voltage across Rl  =\", Vrl,\"V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Collector Voltage =   6.2 V\n",
+        " Voltage across Rl  = 8.8 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rs = 1*10**3\n",
+      "E1 = 100*10**-3 \n",
+      "E2 = 0  \n",
+      "Rl = 5*10**3 \n",
+      "Gain = 10 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Il = 10*((E1-E2)/Rs)\n",
+      "Vr = Il * Rs \n",
+      "Vref = Il * Rl \n",
+      "V9 = Vref + Gain*(E1 - E2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Current across Load Resistor = \", Il*1000 ,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\" Voltage across R  =  \", Vr,\"V\"\n",
+      "print\" Reference Voltage  =  \", Vref,\"V\" \n",
+      "print\" Voltage at terminal 9 =\", V9,\"V\"  "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Current across Load Resistor =  1.0 mA\n",
+        " Voltage across R  =   1.0 V\n",
+        " Reference Voltage  =   5.0 V\n",
+        " Voltage at terminal 9 = 6.0 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9 Page No 234"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "GF = 2.0     #Gage factor\n",
+      "DR = 0.001 \n",
+      "R = 120.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "L = DR /(R*GF)  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\" Change in length is \",round(L*10**6,1),\"microinches per inch\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Change in length is  4.2 microinches per inch\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10 Page No 236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "E = 1.0  \n",
+      "DR = 0.001 \n",
+      "R = 120.0    #Resistance in Ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vout = (E*DR)/(4*R) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\" Output of the Bridge = \", round(Vout*10**6,1),\"micro voltage\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Output of the Bridge =  2.1 micro voltage\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11 Page No 241"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vout = 100*10**-3 \n",
+      "E = 5.0\n",
+      "R = 120.0 \n",
+      "Gain = 1000.0 \n",
+      "E1 = 30 *10**6 \n",
+      "Gf = 2.0          #Gage factor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vbridge = Vout / Gain \n",
+      "DL = 20*10**-6 \n",
+      "DR = (R * Vbridge)/E \n",
+      "Rratio = DR / R   #Change in Resistance\n",
+      "Strain = DL / Gf  #Change in Length \n",
+      "Stress = E1 * Strain  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \" Change in Resistance =  \", DR*1000 ,\"mohm\"\n",
+      "print \" Ratio of Resistance =  \", Rratio,\"micro ohm/ohm\"\n",
+      "print \" Strain value =  \", Strain ,\"micro inch/inch\"\n",
+      "print \" Stress value = \", Stress ,\"psi\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Change in Resistance =   2.4 mohm\n",
+        " Ratio of Resistance =   2e-05 micro ohm/ohm\n",
+        " Strain value =   1e-05 micro inch/inch\n",
+        " Stress value =  300.0 psi\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12 Page No 245\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "T1=25    #C Temprature\n",
+      "T2=50\n",
+      "Tref=25   #C Reference temprature\n",
+      "Rref=10000\n",
+      "Rtrans=3603    #ohm, at 50 C\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "dR=Rtrans-Rref\n",
+      "R1=10     #Kohm say\n",
+      "E=1    #V trial choice\n",
+      "I=E/(R1+Rref/1000.0)\n",
+      "Vo=-I*dR\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The value of dR for each temprature is\",dR,\"ohm\"\n",
+      "print\"The current is\",I,\"mA\"\n",
+      "print\"Vo for each value of R\",Vo,\"mV\"\n",
+      "#NOTE: In the book the value of Vo is calculated wrong"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of dR for each temprature is -6397 ohm\n",
+        "The current is 0.05 mA\n",
+        "Vo for each value of R 319.85 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C9_1.ipynb b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C9_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0e0173e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/C9_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9:DC Performance :Bias,Offsets and Drift"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.1 Page No. 256"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Ibplus=0.4       #MicroA\n",
+      "Ibminus=0.3       #MicroA\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Ib=(Ibplus+Ibminus)/2.0\n",
+      "Ios=Ibplus-Ibminus\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The average bias current is\",Ib,\"microA\"\n",
+      "print\"The offset current is\",Ios,\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average bias current is 0.35 microA\n",
+        "The offset current is 0.1 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.2 Page No. 257"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vo=0.4            #A\n",
+      "Rf=1*10**6       #ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ibminus=Vo/Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Ibminus is\",Ibminus*10**6,\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Ibminus is 0.4 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.3 Page No.258"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vo=-0.3            #A\n",
+      "Rf=1*10**6       #ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Ibplus=-Vo/Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The Ibplus is\",Ibplus*10**6,\"microA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Ibplus is 0.3 microA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.4 Page No. 260"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Rf=100.0      #kohm\n",
+      "Ri1=10.0       #kohm\n",
+      "Ri2=100.0      #kohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "R1=Rf*Ri1/(Rf+Ri1)\n",
+      "R2=Rf*Ri2/(Rf+Ri2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"(a) The value of resistance is\",round(R1,1),\"ohm\"\n",
+      "print\"(b) The value of resistance is\",R2,\"ohm\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) The value of resistance is 9.1 ohm\n",
+        "(b) The value of resistance is 50.0 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.5 Page No. 262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "Vio=1      #mV\n",
+      "Rf=1       #kohm\n",
+      "Ri=10      #ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vo=(Vio+(Rf*1000/Ri)*Vio)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print\"The value of Vo is\",Vo,\"mV\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Vo is 101 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.6  Page No. 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Given\n",
+      "T1=75.0           #Temprature ,C\n",
+      "T2=25.0           #Temprature ,C\n",
+      "Viomax=20.0       #microV, Voltage\n",
+      "Ioschange=0.1   #nm\n",
+      "Rf=10**6       #ohm\n",
+      "Ri=10*10**3    #ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "Vio=Viomax*(T1-T2)\n",
+      "change=Vio*(1+Rf/Ri)\n",
+      "Ioschange=Ioschange*(T1-T2)\n",
+      "Vochange=Ioschange*Rf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The change in Vo due to change in Vio is\",change/10**3,\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"The change in Vo due to change in Ios is\",Vochange/10**6,\"mV\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The change in Vo due to change in Vio is 101.0 mV\n",
+        "The change in Vo due to change in Ios is 5.0 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampme 9.7 Page No. 270"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given\n",
+      "Vo=0.421     #V,\n",
+      "Vo1=0.097\n",
+      "Vo2=-0.082\n",
+      "Rf1=5000     #from fig 9-10(a)\n",
+      "Ri=50\n",
+      "Rf2=1.0        #Mohm fig 9-10 (b)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "Vio=Vo/(1+Rf1/Ri)\n",
+      "Ibminus=(Vo1*1000-Vio*1000)/Rf2\n",
+      "Ibplus=-(Vo2*1000-0.0041*1000)/Rf2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print\"The value of Vio is\",round(Vio*1000,1),\"mV\"\n",
+      "print\"Ibminus is\",round(Ibminus,0),\"nA\"\n",
+      "print\"Ibplus is\",round(Ibplus,0),\"nA\"\n",
+      "print\"Ios calculated as\",round(Ibplus-Ibminus,0),\"nA\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Vio is 4.2 mV\n",
+        "Ibminus is 93.0 nA\n",
+        "Ibplus is 86.0 nA\n",
+        "Ios calculated as -7.0 nA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/README.txt b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39ab128f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Rahul garg
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: MDU,Rohtak
+Department/Designation: ECE
+Book Title: Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuit
+Author: R F Coughline anf F F Driscoll
+Publisher: Prentice Hall, United states
+Year of publication: 2000
+Isbn: 978-0130149916
+Edition: 6
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2.png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dcd3d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2.png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2_(1).png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2_(1).png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dcd3d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/2_2_(1).png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4.png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1de058b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4.png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4_(1).png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4_(1).png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1de058b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/3_4_(1).png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1.png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97c0dd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1.png
diff --git a/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1_(1).png b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1_(1).png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97c0dd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Operational_Amplifiers_and_Linear_Integrated_Circuit/screenshots/4_1_(1).png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 76fe396c..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_1"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 :- Introduction"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "# Theortical Chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 077ac9f5..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_10"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 10 : Optical amplification, wavelength conversion and regeneration\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.1, page 555"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.5*10**-6                         #peak gain wavelength\ndelt=10**-9                          #mode spacing\nl=300*10**-6                        #length\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nr=0.09                              #facet reflectivities\ngs=3.020\n\n#Calculation\nn=(h**2)/(2*delt*l)                       #refractive index\na=c/(math.pi*n*l)\nd=1-(math.sqrt(r)*gs)\nf=2*math.sqrt(math.sqrt(r)*gs)\nB=a*math.asin(d/f)                        #spectral bandwidth\n#Result\nprint'Refractive index of a medium = %.2f'%n\nprint'3dB spectral bandwidth = %.1f GHz'%(B*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Refractive index of a medium = 3.75\n3dB spectral bandwidth = 4.2 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.3, page 562"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ngs=30                                #gain in dB\ng=200                                #net gain\nloge=0.434                           #log(e)\ngs1=1000\nm=2.2                                #mode no\nnsp=4                                #spontaneous emission factor\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nf=1.94*10**14\nB=1.0*10**12                         #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\nL=gs/(10*g*loge)                       #length of the device\nP=m*nsp*(gs1-1)*h1*f*B                 #noise power spectral density\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Length of the device = %.2f mm'%(L*10**3)\nprint'(b) Noise power spectral density = %.2f mW'%(P*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Length of the device = 34.56 mm\n(b) Noise power spectral density = 1.13 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.4, page 580"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nGp=62.2                                           #parametric peak gain in dB\nlog=10*math.log10(0.25)\nPp=1.4                                            #signal power in watt\nL=500                                             #length in meter\nlog2=20*math.log10(2.7182818284)\n\n\n#Calculation\ny=(Gp-log)/(Pp*L*log2)                              #fiber nonlinear coefficient\nGp2=10*math.log10((y*Pp*L)**2)                      #parametric gain\n \n#Result\nprint'(a) Fiber nonlinear coefficient = %.2f x 10^-3 W^-1 km^-1'%(y*1000)\nprint'(b) Quadratic gain, Gp = %.2f dB'%(Gp2)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Fiber nonlinear coefficient = 11.22 x 10^-3 W^-1 km^-1\n(b) Quadratic gain, Gp = 17.90 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.5, page 589 "
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npt=0.5*10**-3                                #input signal power\ndpt=0.01*10**-6                              #input signal power variation\nh=1.55*10**-6                                #signal wavelength\na=-1                                         #linewidth enhancement factor\ndn=-1.2*10**-26                              #differential refractive index\n\n#Calculation\ndelt=(-a*dpt)/(4*math.pi*pt)                  #frequency chirp\ndg=(4*math.pi*dn)/(h*a)                       #differential gain\n \n#Result\nprint'(a) Frequency chirp variation = %.2f MHz'%(delt*10**6)\nprint'(b) Differential gain = %.2f x10^-20 m^2'%(dg*10**20)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Frequency chirp variation = 1.59 MHz\n(b) Differential gain = 9.73 x10^-20 m^2\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 077ac9f5..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_10"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 10 : Optical amplification, wavelength conversion and regeneration\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.1, page 555"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.5*10**-6                         #peak gain wavelength\ndelt=10**-9                          #mode spacing\nl=300*10**-6                        #length\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nr=0.09                              #facet reflectivities\ngs=3.020\n\n#Calculation\nn=(h**2)/(2*delt*l)                       #refractive index\na=c/(math.pi*n*l)\nd=1-(math.sqrt(r)*gs)\nf=2*math.sqrt(math.sqrt(r)*gs)\nB=a*math.asin(d/f)                        #spectral bandwidth\n#Result\nprint'Refractive index of a medium = %.2f'%n\nprint'3dB spectral bandwidth = %.1f GHz'%(B*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Refractive index of a medium = 3.75\n3dB spectral bandwidth = 4.2 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.3, page 562"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ngs=30                                #gain in dB\ng=200                                #net gain\nloge=0.434                           #log(e)\ngs1=1000\nm=2.2                                #mode no\nnsp=4                                #spontaneous emission factor\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nf=1.94*10**14\nB=1.0*10**12                         #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\nL=gs/(10*g*loge)                       #length of the device\nP=m*nsp*(gs1-1)*h1*f*B                 #noise power spectral density\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Length of the device = %.2f mm'%(L*10**3)\nprint'(b) Noise power spectral density = %.2f mW'%(P*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Length of the device = 34.56 mm\n(b) Noise power spectral density = 1.13 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.4, page 580"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nGp=62.2                                           #parametric peak gain in dB\nlog=10*math.log10(0.25)\nPp=1.4                                            #signal power in watt\nL=500                                             #length in meter\nlog2=20*math.log10(2.7182818284)\n\n\n#Calculation\ny=(Gp-log)/(Pp*L*log2)                              #fiber nonlinear coefficient\nGp2=10*math.log10((y*Pp*L)**2)                      #parametric gain\n \n#Result\nprint'(a) Fiber nonlinear coefficient = %.2f x 10^-3 W^-1 km^-1'%(y*1000)\nprint'(b) Quadratic gain, Gp = %.2f dB'%(Gp2)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Fiber nonlinear coefficient = 11.22 x 10^-3 W^-1 km^-1\n(b) Quadratic gain, Gp = 17.90 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 10.5, page 589 "
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npt=0.5*10**-3                                #input signal power\ndpt=0.01*10**-6                              #input signal power variation\nh=1.55*10**-6                                #signal wavelength\na=-1                                         #linewidth enhancement factor\ndn=-1.2*10**-26                              #differential refractive index\n\n#Calculation\ndelt=(-a*dpt)/(4*math.pi*pt)                  #frequency chirp\ndg=(4*math.pi*dn)/(h*a)                       #differential gain\n \n#Result\nprint'(a) Frequency chirp variation = %.2f MHz'%(delt*10**6)\nprint'(b) Differential gain = %.2f x10^-20 m^2'%(dg*10**20)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Frequency chirp variation = 1.59 MHz\n(b) Differential gain = 9.73 x10^-20 m^2\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 77cd82ac..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_11"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 : Integrated optics and photonics"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 11.1, page 624"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.3*10**-6                            #wavlength\nd=25*10**-6                             #distance between the electrodes\nn1=2.1                                  #refractive index\nr=30.8*10**-12                          #electro-optic coefficient\nl=2*10**-2                              #length\n\n\n#Calculation\nV=(h*d)/(n1**3*r*l)                       #voltage\n\n#Result\nprint'Voltage = %.1f V'%V",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Voltage = 5.7 V\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 11.2, page 629"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=3.1                                         #refractive index\nthet=1                                      #angle in degree\nh=1.52*10**-6                                  #wavelength\nl=10**-2                                         #length\n\n#Calculation\nne=n1*math.sin(2*thet*math.pi/180)             #effective refractive index\nD=h/(2*ne)                                     #Corrugation period\ns=D*h/l                                        #filter bandwidth\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Corrugation period = %.1f um'%(D*10**6)\nprint'Filter 3 dB bandwidth = %.1f \u00c5 '%(s*10**10)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Corrugation period = 7.0 um\nFilter 3 dB bandwidth = 10.7 \u00c5 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 77cd82ac..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_11"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 : Integrated optics and photonics"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 11.1, page 624"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.3*10**-6                            #wavlength\nd=25*10**-6                             #distance between the electrodes\nn1=2.1                                  #refractive index\nr=30.8*10**-12                          #electro-optic coefficient\nl=2*10**-2                              #length\n\n\n#Calculation\nV=(h*d)/(n1**3*r*l)                       #voltage\n\n#Result\nprint'Voltage = %.1f V'%V",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Voltage = 5.7 V\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 11.2, page 629"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=3.1                                         #refractive index\nthet=1                                      #angle in degree\nh=1.52*10**-6                                  #wavelength\nl=10**-2                                         #length\n\n#Calculation\nne=n1*math.sin(2*thet*math.pi/180)             #effective refractive index\nD=h/(2*ne)                                     #Corrugation period\ns=D*h/l                                        #filter bandwidth\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Corrugation period = %.1f um'%(D*10**6)\nprint'Filter 3 dB bandwidth = %.1f \u00c5 '%(s*10**10)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Corrugation period = 7.0 um\nFilter 3 dB bandwidth = 10.7 \u00c5 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 288c514a..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_12"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 12 :- Optical fiber systems 1: Intensity modulation/direct detection\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.1, page 706"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=8                             #bits in a time slot\nt=32                            #bits in a frame\nf=8*10**3                       #frequency\nm=16                            #bits in a multiframe\n\n#Calculation\nnb=n*t                          #number of bits in a frame\nfr=nb*f                         #transmission rate\ntr=fr**-1                       #bit duration\nts=tr*n                         #duration of a time slot\ntf=ts*t                         #duration of a frame\ntm=tf*m                         #duration of a multiframe\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Bit rate for the system = %.3f Mbit s^-1'%(fr*10**-6)\nprint'(b) Duration of the time slot = %.1f \u03bcs'%(ts*10**6)\nprint'(c) Duration of a frame = %d \u03bcs' %(tf*10**6)\nprint'Duration of a multiframe = %d ms' %(tm*10**3)\n\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Bit rate for the system = 2.048 Mbit s^-1\n(b) Duration of the time slot = 3.9 \u03bcs\n(c) Duration of a frame = 125 \u03bcs\nDuration of a multiframe = 2 ms\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.2, page 720"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nm=4.24                                  #erfc = 2*10^9\na=2*math.sqrt(2)\n\n#Calculation\nsn=m*a                                 #root of S/N = optical\nsn1=10*math.log10(sn)                  #in dB\nisq=sn**2                              #S/N = electrical    \nisq1=10*math.log10(isq)                #in dB\n#Result\nprint'Optical SNR = %.1f'%sn\nprint'            = %.1f dB'%sn1\nprint'Electrical SNR = %.1f'%round(isq)\nprint'               = %.1f dB'%isq1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical SNR = 12.0\n            = 10.8 dB\nElectrical SNR = 144.0\n               = 21.6 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.3, page 723"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nm=100                             #multiplication factor\nk=0.02                            #ratio of carrier ionization rates \nsn=144                            #electrical SNR\nn=0.8                             #quantum efficiency\nB=0.6\n\n#Calculation\nfm=(k*m)+(2-(1/m))*(1-k)                 #avalanche noise factor\nzm=2*B*round(fm)*sn/n                    #average number of photons\n\n#Result\nprint'Average no of photons = %d photons'%round(zm)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Average no of photons = 864 photons\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.4, page 724"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nzm=864                                       #average no of photons\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nl1=10**-6                                   #wavelength\nl2=10**-14                                  #wavelength\nbt=10**7                       \nn=14\n\n\n#Calculation\npo1=(zm*h*c*bt)/(2*l1)                        #At 10 Mbit s^-1\npo2=(zm*h*c*n*bt)/(2*l2)                      #At 140 Mbit s^-1\n\n#Result\nprint'Incident optical power (10 Mbit s^-l) = %.1f pW'%(po1*10**12)\nprint'Incident optical power (140 Mbit s^-l) = %.3f W'%po2                 #value given in a textbook is incorrect",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incident optical power (10 Mbit s^-l) = 858.2 pW\nIncident optical power (140 Mbit s^-l) = 1.201 W\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.5, page 726"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nafc=5                                    #fibre cable attenuation\nai=2                                     #splice losses\nl=4                                      #length in Km\naf=3.5+2.5                               #connector losses at source and detector resp\n\n#Calculation\nCl=(afc+ai)*l+af                          #total channel loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total channel loss = %d dB'%Cl",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total channel loss = 34 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.6, page 727"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ns=0.6*10**-9                                      #rms pulse broadening\nL=8                                               #length in km\nbt=25*10**6                                       #bit rates\nbt1=150*10**6                                     #bit rates\n\n#Calculation\nst=s*L                                            #total rms pulse broadening\ndl1=2*(2*st*bt*math.sqrt(2))**4                   #without mode coupling\nst1=s*math.sqrt(L)                                #total rms pulse broadening\ndl2=2*(2*st1*bt*math.sqrt(2))**4                  #with mode coupling\ndl3=2*(2*st*bt1*math.sqrt(2))**4                  #without mode coupling\ndl4=2*(2*st1*bt1*math.sqrt(2))**4                 #with mode coupling\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) For 25 Mbit per sec'\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl1\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = %.2f x 10^-4 dB\\n'%(dl2*10**4)\nprint'(b) For 150 Mbit per sec'\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl3\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl4",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) For 25 Mbit per sec\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = 0.03 dB\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = 4.15 x 10^-4 dB\n\n(b) For 150 Mbit per sec\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = 34.40 dB\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = 0.54 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.7, page 731"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nts=8                                    #rise time for source in ns\ntn=5*ts                                 #for fiber intermodal\ntc=1*ts                                 #for pulse broadening\ntd=6                                    #for detector\n\n#Calculation\ntsys=1.1*(ts**2+tn**2+tc**2+td**2)**0.5             #total system rise time\nBt=0.7/(tsys*10**-9)                                #max bit rate\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Bt (Max) = %.1f Mbit per sec'%(Bt/10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Bt (Max) = 15.2 Mbit per sec\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.8, page 732"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-55                          #mean power required at the APD receiver at 35 Mbit s^-1\npo1=-44                         #mean power required at the APD receiver at 400 Mbit s^-1\npi=-3                           #mean power launched from the laser transmitter\nl1=0.4                         #cable fiber loss\nl2=0.1                         #splice losses\nl3=1                            #connector loss \nma=7                            #safety margin\na=0.5 \nacr=2\ndl=1.5\n\n#Calculation \nL1=(pi-po-acr-ma)/a                          #for 35 Mbit s^-1\nL2=(pi-po1-acr-ma)/a                         #for 400 Mbit s^-1\nL3=(pi-po1-acr-dl-ma)/a                      #reduction in the maximum possible link\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Maximum possible link length (operating at 35 Mbit s^-1) = %d km'%L1\nprint'(b) Maximum possible link length (operating at 400 Mbit s^-1) = %d km'%L2\nprint'(c) Reduction in the maximum possible link length = %d km'%L3",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Maximum possible link length (operating at 35 Mbit s^-1) = 86 km\n(b) Maximum possible link length (operating at 400 Mbit s^-1) = 64 km\n(c) Reduction in the maximum possible link length = 61 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.9, page 734"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-10                          #mean optical power launched into the fiber from the transmitter (100 \u03bcm)\nrs=-41                          #receiver sensitivity at 20 Mbit s^-1\nl1=7*2.6                        #cabled fiber loss\nl2=6*0.5                        #splice losses\nl3=1*1.5                        #connector loss \nms=6                            #safety margin\n\n#Calculation\nts=po-rs                             #Total system margin\ntsl=l1+l2+l3+ms                      #Total system loss\npm=ts-tsl                            #Excess power margin \n\n#Result\nprint'Total system margin = %d dB'%ts\nprint'Total system loss = %.1f dB'%tsl\nprint'Excess power margin = %.1f dB'%pm\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total system margin = 31 dB\nTotal system loss = 28.7 dB\nExcess power margin = 2.3 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.10, page 740"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nv=5                                         #output voltage\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nk=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant\nt=290                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nzo=100                                      #cable impedance\nn=0.7                                       #quantum efficiency\npi=10**-3                                   #optical power\nlam=0.85*10**-6                             #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nratio=(v**2*h*c)/(2*k*t*zo*n*pi*lam)        #ratio\nratio1=10*math.log10(ratio)                 #ration in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio = %d dB'%ratio1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio = 40 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 10
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.11, page 744"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nma=0.8                                      #modulation index\nR=0.5                                       #responsivity\nb=0.7                                       #ratio of luminance to composite video\nsnr=3.162*10**5                             #SNR\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #electron volt\nB=5*10**6                                   #bandwidth\nK=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant  \nT=293                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nFn=1.413\nRl=10**6\n\n#Calculation\na=(2*ma*R*b)**2\nc=snr*2*e*B*R\nd=snr*4*K*T*B*Fn/Rl\nf = (c**2)+(4*a*d)\npo=(c+math.sqrt(f))/(2*a)                  #average incident optical power \npo1=10*math.log10(po*1000)                 #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Average incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\nprint'                               = %.1f dB m'%po1\n\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Average incident optical power = 0.93 uW\n                               = -30.3 dB m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.12, page 747"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #1 electron volt\nn=0.6                                       #p\u2013i\u2013n photodiode quantum efficiency\nma=0.5                                      #modulation index\nlam=10**-6                                  #wavelength\nk=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant                          \nt=300                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nf=4                                         #amplifier noise figure\nrl=50*10**3                                 #effective load impedance\nsn=3.162*10**4                              #signal to noise ratio\nB=10**7                                     #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\na=h*c/(e*n*ma**2*lam)\nb=math.sqrt((8*k*t*f)/rl)\nc=math.sqrt(sn*B)\npo=a*b*c                                     #optical power\npo1=10*math.log10(po*1000)                   #optical power in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power, Po = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\nprint'                  = %.1f dBm'%po1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power, Po = 7.58 uW\n                  = -21.2 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 12
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.13, page 748"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-10                          #mean optical power launched into the fiber from the transmitter (100 \u03bcm)\nrs=-25                          #receiver sensitivity \nl1=2*3.5                        #cable fiber loss\nl2=2*0.7                        #splice losses\nl3=1.6                          #connector loss \nms=4.0                           #safety margin\nafc=3.5\nai=0.7\nacr=1.6\nma=7\n\n#Calculation\nts=po-rs                             #Total system margi\ntsl=l1+l2+l3+ms                      #Total system loss\npm=ts-tsl                            #Excess power margin \nL=((0-rs)-(acr+ma))/(afc+ai)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Total system margin = %d dB'%ts\nprint'    Total system loss = %.1f dB'%tsl\nprint'    Excess power margin = %.1f dB'%pm\nprint'\\n(b) Increase in link length = %.1f Km'%(L)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Total system margin = 15 dB\n    Total system loss = 14.0 dB\n    Excess power margin = 1.0 dB\n\n(b) Increase in link length = 3.9 Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 13
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.14, page 750"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nBop=6*10**6\nts=10                                   #rise time for source in ns\ntn=5*9                                 #for fiber intermodal\ntc=5*2                                 #for pulse broadening\ntd=3                                    #for detector\n\n\n#Calculation\ntsys=0.35/Bop\ntsys1=1.1*(ts**2+tn**2+tc**2+td**2)**0.5             #total system rise time\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum permitted system rise time = %.1f ns'%(tsys*10**9)\nprint'Total system rise time = %.1f ns'%(tsys1)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum permitted system rise time = 58.3 ns\nTotal system rise time = 52.0 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 14
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.15, page 755"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nfd=400*10**3                                      #peak frequency deviation\nBa=4*10**3                                        #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\nDf=fd/Ba                                            #frequency deviation ratio\nsnr=1.76+(20*math.log10(Df))                        #SNR improvement\nBm=2*(Df+1)*Ba                                      #bandwidth of the FM\u2013IM signal \n \n#Result\nprint'(a) SNR improvement = %.2f dB'%snr\nprint'(b) Frequency deviation ratio = %d'%Df\nprint'    Bandwidth of FM-IM signal = %d kHz'%(Bm/1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) SNR improvement = 41.76 dB\n(b) Frequency deviation ratio = 100\n    Bandwidth of FM-IM signal = 808 kHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 15
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.16, page 757"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nfm=3                                    #output FM ratio\npm=1                                    #output PM ratio\n\n#Calculation\nratio=fm/pm                              #SNR ratio\nratio1=10*math.log10(ratio)              #SNR ratio in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio of output SNR = %.2f dB'%(ratio1)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio of output SNR = 4.77 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.17, page 759"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=5*10**-8                          #nominal pulse period\nfd=5*10**6                           #Peak-to-peak frequency deviation\nM=60                                 #A PD multiplication factor\nR=0.7                                #A PD responsivity\npo=10**-7                            #peak optical power at receiver\ntr=12*10**-9                         #Total system 10\u201390% rise time\nB=6*10**6                            #baseband noise bandwidth\ni=10**-17                            #Receiver mean square noise current\n\n\n#Calculation\nsnp=(3*(to*fd*M*R*po)**2)/(i*(2*math.pi*tr*B)**2)          #peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio\nsnp1=10*math.log10(snp)                                    #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio = %.1f dB'%snp1\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio = 62.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 17
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.18, page 763"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "%pylab inline\nimport math\nfrom pylab import *\nfrom numpy import *\n\n#Variable declaration\nacr=1                                     #connector loss in dB\nafc=5                                     #loss per kilometer in dB\nLbu=0.1                                   #fiber length between each of the access couplers\nLac=1                                     #insertion loss\nLtr=10                                    #loss due to the tap ratio\nLsp=3                                     #splitting loss\n \n#Calculating, we get two equation in terms of N, no of nodes, i.e C(1,N-1)=(3.5*N)+8.5 and C(star)=4.5+(10*log10(N)) \n\n#For Bus distribution system\n\nfor N in range(1,13,1):\n    C=(3.5*N)+8.5;\n    a=plot(N,C,'.r')\n    \n \n#for Star distribution system\n    \nfor N in range(1,30,1):\n    C1=4.5+(10*log10(N));\n    b=plot(N,C1,'.g')\n    \n \n#To show plot in same graph\n#Graphical comparison showing total channel loss against number of nodes\n\nxlabel(\"Number of nodes $N$\")\nylabel(\"Total channel loss $CL$ (dB)\")\ngrid()\nshow(a)\nshow(b)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n"
-      },
-      {
-       "metadata": {},
-       "output_type": "display_data",
-       "png": 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ynCtSc0N5LWT+H6XMuQHMz+hkz08LlxaFuLg4pKenAwDS09MRHx/vynCuiHMC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\nAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
-       "text": "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3f7ea90>"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 27
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.19, page 782"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nlam=1.55*10**-6                             #wavelength\nL=100*10**3                                 #length\nK=4                                         \nB=1.2*10**9                                 #bandwidth\nsnr=50                                      #SNR\na=10**-2.5\npi=10**-3\n\n#Calculation\nLt=(pi*lam*a*L)/(K*h*c*B*snr)                #link with a large number of cascaded amplifiers\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum system length = %d x 10^4 km'%(Lt/10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum system length = 1 x 10^4 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.21, page 791"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nb=17                                     #second-order dispersion coefficient for the latter path\nL2=20                                    #path length in km\nL1=160.00                                   #path length in km\ns1=-0.075                                #dispersion slope\n\n#Calculation\na=-b*L2\nG=a/L1                                   #second-order dispersion coefficient\ns2=s1*L1/L2                              #chromatic dispersion slope\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Second-order dispersion coefficient = %.3f ps nm^-1 km^-1'%G \nprint'(b) chromatic dispersion slope = %.1f ps nm^-2 km^-1'%s2",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Second-order dispersion coefficient = -2.125 ps nm^-1 km^-1\n(b) chromatic dispersion slope = -0.6 ps nm^-2 km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 20
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.22, page 798"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=70*10**-12                                       #bit period\nt=6*10**-12                                         #RZ pulse width\nB2=50*10**-12*10**-12*10**-3                        #second-order dispersion coefficient\nL=50*10**3                                          #amplifier spacing\n\n#Calculation\nqo=0.5*to/t                                          #separation of the soliton pulses \nBt=(2*qo*math.sqrt(B2*L))**-1                        #transmission bit rate \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Separation = %.1f'%qo\nprint'(b) Transmission bit rate = %.2f x 10^9'%(Bt*10**-8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Separation = 5.8\n(b) Transmission bit rate = 17.14 x 10^9\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 21
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.23, page 799"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=40*10**-12                             #bit period\nt=4*10**-12                               #RZ pulse width\na=0.2*10**-3                              #attenuation coefficient\nB2=1.25*10**-12*10**-12*10**-3            #second-order dispersion coefficient\n\n#Calculation\nqo=0.5*to/t                            #separation of the soliton pulses \nb=1/(2*qo)\nc=math.sqrt(a/B2)\nBt=b*c                                  #transmission bit rate \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Separation = %.1f'%qo\nprint'(b) Transmission bit rate = %.2f x 10^10 bit s^-1'%(Bt*10**-10)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Separation = 5.0\n(b) Transmission bit rate = 4.00 x 10^10 bit s^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 288c514a..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,488 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_12"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 12 :- Optical fiber systems 1: Intensity modulation/direct detection\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.1, page 706"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=8                             #bits in a time slot\nt=32                            #bits in a frame\nf=8*10**3                       #frequency\nm=16                            #bits in a multiframe\n\n#Calculation\nnb=n*t                          #number of bits in a frame\nfr=nb*f                         #transmission rate\ntr=fr**-1                       #bit duration\nts=tr*n                         #duration of a time slot\ntf=ts*t                         #duration of a frame\ntm=tf*m                         #duration of a multiframe\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Bit rate for the system = %.3f Mbit s^-1'%(fr*10**-6)\nprint'(b) Duration of the time slot = %.1f \u03bcs'%(ts*10**6)\nprint'(c) Duration of a frame = %d \u03bcs' %(tf*10**6)\nprint'Duration of a multiframe = %d ms' %(tm*10**3)\n\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Bit rate for the system = 2.048 Mbit s^-1\n(b) Duration of the time slot = 3.9 \u03bcs\n(c) Duration of a frame = 125 \u03bcs\nDuration of a multiframe = 2 ms\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.2, page 720"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nm=4.24                                  #erfc = 2*10^9\na=2*math.sqrt(2)\n\n#Calculation\nsn=m*a                                 #root of S/N = optical\nsn1=10*math.log10(sn)                  #in dB\nisq=sn**2                              #S/N = electrical    \nisq1=10*math.log10(isq)                #in dB\n#Result\nprint'Optical SNR = %.1f'%sn\nprint'            = %.1f dB'%sn1\nprint'Electrical SNR = %.1f'%round(isq)\nprint'               = %.1f dB'%isq1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical SNR = 12.0\n            = 10.8 dB\nElectrical SNR = 144.0\n               = 21.6 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.3, page 723"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nm=100                             #multiplication factor\nk=0.02                            #ratio of carrier ionization rates \nsn=144                            #electrical SNR\nn=0.8                             #quantum efficiency\nB=0.6\n\n#Calculation\nfm=(k*m)+(2-(1/m))*(1-k)                 #avalanche noise factor\nzm=2*B*round(fm)*sn/n                    #average number of photons\n\n#Result\nprint'Average no of photons = %d photons'%round(zm)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Average no of photons = 864 photons\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.4, page 724"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nzm=864                                       #average no of photons\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nl1=10**-6                                   #wavelength\nl2=10**-14                                  #wavelength\nbt=10**7                       \nn=14\n\n\n#Calculation\npo1=(zm*h*c*bt)/(2*l1)                        #At 10 Mbit s^-1\npo2=(zm*h*c*n*bt)/(2*l2)                      #At 140 Mbit s^-1\n\n#Result\nprint'Incident optical power (10 Mbit s^-l) = %.1f pW'%(po1*10**12)\nprint'Incident optical power (140 Mbit s^-l) = %.3f W'%po2                 #value given in a textbook is incorrect",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incident optical power (10 Mbit s^-l) = 858.2 pW\nIncident optical power (140 Mbit s^-l) = 1.201 W\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.5, page 726"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nafc=5                                    #fibre cable attenuation\nai=2                                     #splice losses\nl=4                                      #length in Km\naf=3.5+2.5                               #connector losses at source and detector resp\n\n#Calculation\nCl=(afc+ai)*l+af                          #total channel loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total channel loss = %d dB'%Cl",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total channel loss = 34 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.6, page 727"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ns=0.6*10**-9                                      #rms pulse broadening\nL=8                                               #length in km\nbt=25*10**6                                       #bit rates\nbt1=150*10**6                                     #bit rates\n\n#Calculation\nst=s*L                                            #total rms pulse broadening\ndl1=2*(2*st*bt*math.sqrt(2))**4                   #without mode coupling\nst1=s*math.sqrt(L)                                #total rms pulse broadening\ndl2=2*(2*st1*bt*math.sqrt(2))**4                  #with mode coupling\ndl3=2*(2*st*bt1*math.sqrt(2))**4                  #without mode coupling\ndl4=2*(2*st1*bt1*math.sqrt(2))**4                 #with mode coupling\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) For 25 Mbit per sec'\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl1\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = %.2f x 10^-4 dB\\n'%(dl2*10**4)\nprint'(b) For 150 Mbit per sec'\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl3\nprint'dispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = %.2f dB'%dl4",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) For 25 Mbit per sec\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = 0.03 dB\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = 4.15 x 10^-4 dB\n\n(b) For 150 Mbit per sec\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (without mode coupling) = 34.40 dB\ndispersion\u2013equalization penalty (with mode coupling) = 0.54 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.7, page 731"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nts=8                                    #rise time for source in ns\ntn=5*ts                                 #for fiber intermodal\ntc=1*ts                                 #for pulse broadening\ntd=6                                    #for detector\n\n#Calculation\ntsys=1.1*(ts**2+tn**2+tc**2+td**2)**0.5             #total system rise time\nBt=0.7/(tsys*10**-9)                                #max bit rate\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Bt (Max) = %.1f Mbit per sec'%(Bt/10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Bt (Max) = 15.2 Mbit per sec\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.8, page 732"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-55                          #mean power required at the APD receiver at 35 Mbit s^-1\npo1=-44                         #mean power required at the APD receiver at 400 Mbit s^-1\npi=-3                           #mean power launched from the laser transmitter\nl1=0.4                         #cable fiber loss\nl2=0.1                         #splice losses\nl3=1                            #connector loss \nma=7                            #safety margin\na=0.5 \nacr=2\ndl=1.5\n\n#Calculation \nL1=(pi-po-acr-ma)/a                          #for 35 Mbit s^-1\nL2=(pi-po1-acr-ma)/a                         #for 400 Mbit s^-1\nL3=(pi-po1-acr-dl-ma)/a                      #reduction in the maximum possible link\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Maximum possible link length (operating at 35 Mbit s^-1) = %d km'%L1\nprint'(b) Maximum possible link length (operating at 400 Mbit s^-1) = %d km'%L2\nprint'(c) Reduction in the maximum possible link length = %d km'%L3",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Maximum possible link length (operating at 35 Mbit s^-1) = 86 km\n(b) Maximum possible link length (operating at 400 Mbit s^-1) = 64 km\n(c) Reduction in the maximum possible link length = 61 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.9, page 734"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-10                          #mean optical power launched into the fiber from the transmitter (100 \u03bcm)\nrs=-41                          #receiver sensitivity at 20 Mbit s^-1\nl1=7*2.6                        #cabled fiber loss\nl2=6*0.5                        #splice losses\nl3=1*1.5                        #connector loss \nms=6                            #safety margin\n\n#Calculation\nts=po-rs                             #Total system margin\ntsl=l1+l2+l3+ms                      #Total system loss\npm=ts-tsl                            #Excess power margin \n\n#Result\nprint'Total system margin = %d dB'%ts\nprint'Total system loss = %.1f dB'%tsl\nprint'Excess power margin = %.1f dB'%pm\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total system margin = 31 dB\nTotal system loss = 28.7 dB\nExcess power margin = 2.3 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.10, page 740"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nv=5                                         #output voltage\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nk=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant\nt=290                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nzo=100                                      #cable impedance\nn=0.7                                       #quantum efficiency\npi=10**-3                                   #optical power\nlam=0.85*10**-6                             #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nratio=(v**2*h*c)/(2*k*t*zo*n*pi*lam)        #ratio\nratio1=10*math.log10(ratio)                 #ration in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio = %d dB'%ratio1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio = 40 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 10
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.11, page 744"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nma=0.8                                      #modulation index\nR=0.5                                       #responsivity\nb=0.7                                       #ratio of luminance to composite video\nsnr=3.162*10**5                             #SNR\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #electron volt\nB=5*10**6                                   #bandwidth\nK=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant  \nT=293                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nFn=1.413\nRl=10**6\n\n#Calculation\na=(2*ma*R*b)**2\nc=snr*2*e*B*R\nd=snr*4*K*T*B*Fn/Rl\nf = (c**2)+(4*a*d)\npo=(c+math.sqrt(f))/(2*a)                  #average incident optical power \npo1=10*math.log10(po*1000)                 #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Average incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\nprint'                               = %.1f dB m'%po1\n\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Average incident optical power = 0.93 uW\n                               = -30.3 dB m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.12, page 747"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #1 electron volt\nn=0.6                                       #p\u2013i\u2013n photodiode quantum efficiency\nma=0.5                                      #modulation index\nlam=10**-6                                  #wavelength\nk=1.385*10**-23                             #boltzman constant                          \nt=300                                       #tempreture in kelvin\nf=4                                         #amplifier noise figure\nrl=50*10**3                                 #effective load impedance\nsn=3.162*10**4                              #signal to noise ratio\nB=10**7                                     #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\na=h*c/(e*n*ma**2*lam)\nb=math.sqrt((8*k*t*f)/rl)\nc=math.sqrt(sn*B)\npo=a*b*c                                     #optical power\npo1=10*math.log10(po*1000)                   #optical power in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power, Po = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\nprint'                  = %.1f dBm'%po1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power, Po = 7.58 uW\n                  = -21.2 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 12
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.13, page 748"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=-10                          #mean optical power launched into the fiber from the transmitter (100 \u03bcm)\nrs=-25                          #receiver sensitivity \nl1=2*3.5                        #cable fiber loss\nl2=2*0.7                        #splice losses\nl3=1.6                          #connector loss \nms=4.0                           #safety margin\nafc=3.5\nai=0.7\nacr=1.6\nma=7\n\n#Calculation\nts=po-rs                             #Total system margi\ntsl=l1+l2+l3+ms                      #Total system loss\npm=ts-tsl                            #Excess power margin \nL=((0-rs)-(acr+ma))/(afc+ai)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Total system margin = %d dB'%ts\nprint'    Total system loss = %.1f dB'%tsl\nprint'    Excess power margin = %.1f dB'%pm\nprint'\\n(b) Increase in link length = %.1f Km'%(L)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Total system margin = 15 dB\n    Total system loss = 14.0 dB\n    Excess power margin = 1.0 dB\n\n(b) Increase in link length = 3.9 Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 13
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.14, page 750"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nBop=6*10**6\nts=10                                   #rise time for source in ns\ntn=5*9                                 #for fiber intermodal\ntc=5*2                                 #for pulse broadening\ntd=3                                    #for detector\n\n\n#Calculation\ntsys=0.35/Bop\ntsys1=1.1*(ts**2+tn**2+tc**2+td**2)**0.5             #total system rise time\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum permitted system rise time = %.1f ns'%(tsys*10**9)\nprint'Total system rise time = %.1f ns'%(tsys1)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum permitted system rise time = 58.3 ns\nTotal system rise time = 52.0 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 14
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.15, page 755"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nfd=400*10**3                                      #peak frequency deviation\nBa=4*10**3                                        #bandwidth\n\n#Calculation\nDf=fd/Ba                                            #frequency deviation ratio\nsnr=1.76+(20*math.log10(Df))                        #SNR improvement\nBm=2*(Df+1)*Ba                                      #bandwidth of the FM\u2013IM signal \n \n#Result\nprint'(a) SNR improvement = %.2f dB'%snr\nprint'(b) Frequency deviation ratio = %d'%Df\nprint'    Bandwidth of FM-IM signal = %d kHz'%(Bm/1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) SNR improvement = 41.76 dB\n(b) Frequency deviation ratio = 100\n    Bandwidth of FM-IM signal = 808 kHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 15
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.16, page 757"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nfm=3                                    #output FM ratio\npm=1                                    #output PM ratio\n\n#Calculation\nratio=fm/pm                              #SNR ratio\nratio1=10*math.log10(ratio)              #SNR ratio in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio of output SNR = %.2f dB'%(ratio1)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio of output SNR = 4.77 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.17, page 759"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=5*10**-8                          #nominal pulse period\nfd=5*10**6                           #Peak-to-peak frequency deviation\nM=60                                 #A PD multiplication factor\nR=0.7                                #A PD responsivity\npo=10**-7                            #peak optical power at receiver\ntr=12*10**-9                         #Total system 10\u201390% rise time\nB=6*10**6                            #baseband noise bandwidth\ni=10**-17                            #Receiver mean square noise current\n\n\n#Calculation\nsnp=(3*(to*fd*M*R*po)**2)/(i*(2*math.pi*tr*B)**2)          #peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio\nsnp1=10*math.log10(snp)                                    #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio = %.1f dB'%snp1\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Peak-to-peak signal to rms noise ratio = 62.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 17
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.18, page 763"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "%pylab inline\nimport math\nfrom pylab import *\nfrom numpy import *\n\n#Variable declaration\nacr=1                                     #connector loss in dB\nafc=5                                     #loss per kilometer in dB\nLbu=0.1                                   #fiber length between each of the access couplers\nLac=1                                     #insertion loss\nLtr=10                                    #loss due to the tap ratio\nLsp=3                                     #splitting loss\n \n#Calculating, we get two equation in terms of N, no of nodes, i.e C(1,N-1)=(3.5*N)+8.5 and C(star)=4.5+(10*log10(N)) \n\n#For Bus distribution system\n\nfor N in range(1,13,1):\n    C=(3.5*N)+8.5;\n    a=plot(N,C,'.r')\n    \n \n#for Star distribution system\n    \nfor N in range(1,30,1):\n    C1=4.5+(10*log10(N));\n    b=plot(N,C1,'.g')\n    \n \n#To show plot in same graph\n#Graphical comparison showing total channel loss against number of nodes\n\nxlabel(\"Number of nodes $N$\")\nylabel(\"Total channel loss $CL$ (dB)\")\ngrid()\nshow(a)\nshow(b)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n"
-      },
-      {
-       "metadata": {},
-       "output_type": "display_data",
-       "png": 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ynCtSc0N5LWT+H6XMuQHMz+hkz08LlxaFuLg4pKenAwDS09MRHx/vynCuiHMC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\nAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
-       "text": "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3f7ea90>"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 27
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.19, page 782"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\nlam=1.55*10**-6                             #wavelength\nL=100*10**3                                 #length\nK=4                                         \nB=1.2*10**9                                 #bandwidth\nsnr=50                                      #SNR\na=10**-2.5\npi=10**-3\n\n#Calculation\nLt=(pi*lam*a*L)/(K*h*c*B*snr)                #link with a large number of cascaded amplifiers\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum system length = %d x 10^4 km'%(Lt/10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum system length = 1 x 10^4 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.21, page 791"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nb=17                                     #second-order dispersion coefficient for the latter path\nL2=20                                    #path length in km\nL1=160.00                                   #path length in km\ns1=-0.075                                #dispersion slope\n\n#Calculation\na=-b*L2\nG=a/L1                                   #second-order dispersion coefficient\ns2=s1*L1/L2                              #chromatic dispersion slope\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Second-order dispersion coefficient = %.3f ps nm^-1 km^-1'%G \nprint'(b) chromatic dispersion slope = %.1f ps nm^-2 km^-1'%s2",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Second-order dispersion coefficient = -2.125 ps nm^-1 km^-1\n(b) chromatic dispersion slope = -0.6 ps nm^-2 km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 20
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.22, page 798"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=70*10**-12                                       #bit period\nt=6*10**-12                                         #RZ pulse width\nB2=50*10**-12*10**-12*10**-3                        #second-order dispersion coefficient\nL=50*10**3                                          #amplifier spacing\n\n#Calculation\nqo=0.5*to/t                                          #separation of the soliton pulses \nBt=(2*qo*math.sqrt(B2*L))**-1                        #transmission bit rate \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Separation = %.1f'%qo\nprint'(b) Transmission bit rate = %.2f x 10^9'%(Bt*10**-8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Separation = 5.8\n(b) Transmission bit rate = 17.14 x 10^9\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 21
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 12.23, page 799"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nto=40*10**-12                             #bit period\nt=4*10**-12                               #RZ pulse width\na=0.2*10**-3                              #attenuation coefficient\nB2=1.25*10**-12*10**-12*10**-3            #second-order dispersion coefficient\n\n#Calculation\nqo=0.5*to/t                            #separation of the soliton pulses \nb=1/(2*qo)\nc=math.sqrt(a/B2)\nBt=b*c                                  #transmission bit rate \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Separation = %.1f'%qo\nprint'(b) Transmission bit rate = %.2f x 10^10 bit s^-1'%(Bt*10**-10)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Separation = 5.0\n(b) Transmission bit rate = 4.00 x 10^10 bit s^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3392b3ce..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_13"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 13: Optical fiber systems 2: coherent and phase-modulated"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.1, page 832"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nf1=150*10**6                            #reciever IF\nf2=19*10**9                             #output frequency change\n\n\n#Calculation\nm=f1*f2**-1                             #maximum tempreture change\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum tempreture change = %d \u00d7 10^-3 \u00b0C '%round(m*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum tempreture change = 8 \u00d7 10^-3 \u00b0C \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.2, page 834"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np=-85.45/10\nn=0.86                                       #quantum efficiency\nh1=1.54*10**-6                               #homodyne receiver operating wavelength\nsn=10**-1.2                                  #SNR\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\n\n\n#Calculation\nps=10**(p)                                 #incoming signal power in dB\nB=(n*ps*sn*h1)/(h*c)                       #Bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Incoming signal power, Ps = %f nW'%(ps*10**9)\nprint'Operating bandwidth, B = %.1f GHz'%(B*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incoming signal power, Ps = 2.851018 nW\nOperating bandwidth, B = 1.2 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.3, page 878"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\npe=4.24                             #probability error function\npe2=20                              #probability exponential function\n\n\n#Calculation\nNp=pe**2*4                           #no of photons\nNp2=pe2*4\nNp3=pe**2/2\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) ASK heterodyne synchronous detection = %d photons'%round(Np)\nprint'(b) ASK heterodyne asynchronous detection = %d photons'%round(Np2)\nprint'(c) pSK homodyne  detection = %d photons'%round(Np3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) ASK heterodyne synchronous detection = 72 photons\n(b) ASK heterodyne asynchronous detection = 80 photons\n(c) pSK homodyne  detection = 9 photons\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.4, page 881"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nBt=400*10**6                         #FSK signal bit rate\nh=1.55*10**-6                        #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nps=(36*h1*c*Bt)/(h)                #optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum incoming optical power level = %.1f nW'%(ps*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum incoming optical power level = 1.8 nW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.5, page 883"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNp=36                                     #average photons\nNp2=9                                     #average photons\nh=6.63*10**-34                            #plancks constant\nf=3*10**8                                 #frequency\nBt=50*10**6                               #bit rates\nBt2=10**9                                 #bit rates\nh1=1.55*10**-6                            #operating wavelength\na=0.2                                     #connector loss\n\n\n#Calculation\nPs=Np*h*f*Bt/h1                           #in watt\nPs1=10*math.log10(Ps*10**3)               #in dB\nma=4-Ps1                                  #Max. system margin\nmar=ma/a                                  #Max. repeater spacing \n \nPs2=Np*h*f*Bt2/h1                         #in watt\nPs3=10*math.log10(Ps2*10**3)              #in dB\nma1=4-Ps3                                 #Max. system margin\nmar1=ma1/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\nPs4=Np2*h*f*Bt/h1                         #in watt\nPs5=10*math.log10(Ps4*10**3)              #in dB\nma2=4-Ps5                                 #Max. system margin\nmar2=ma2/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\nPs6=Np2*h*f*Bt2/h1                        #in watt\nPs7=10*math.log10(Ps6*10**3)              #in dB\nma3=4-Ps7                                 #Max. system margin\nmar3=ma3/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\n\n#Result\nprint'(a)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar)\nprint'                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar1)\nprint'\\n(b)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar2)\nprint'                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = 352.0 km\n                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = 287.0 km\n\n(b)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = 382.0 km\n                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = 317.0 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 37
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.6, page 888"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nnp=150\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nbf=20*10**12                         #optical bandwidth\nh=1.3*10**-6                         #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\ntx=(np*h1*c*bf)/h                    #transmitter power\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum transmitter power = %.1f mW' %(tx*1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum transmitter power = 0.5 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 26
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3392b3ce..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_13"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 13: Optical fiber systems 2: coherent and phase-modulated"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.1, page 832"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nf1=150*10**6                            #reciever IF\nf2=19*10**9                             #output frequency change\n\n\n#Calculation\nm=f1*f2**-1                             #maximum tempreture change\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum tempreture change = %d \u00d7 10^-3 \u00b0C '%round(m*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum tempreture change = 8 \u00d7 10^-3 \u00b0C \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.2, page 834"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np=-85.45/10\nn=0.86                                       #quantum efficiency\nh1=1.54*10**-6                               #homodyne receiver operating wavelength\nsn=10**-1.2                                  #SNR\nh=6.626*10**-34                             #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                               #velocity of light\n\n\n#Calculation\nps=10**(p)                                 #incoming signal power in dB\nB=(n*ps*sn*h1)/(h*c)                       #Bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Incoming signal power, Ps = %f nW'%(ps*10**9)\nprint'Operating bandwidth, B = %.1f GHz'%(B*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incoming signal power, Ps = 2.851018 nW\nOperating bandwidth, B = 1.2 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.3, page 878"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\npe=4.24                             #probability error function\npe2=20                              #probability exponential function\n\n\n#Calculation\nNp=pe**2*4                           #no of photons\nNp2=pe2*4\nNp3=pe**2/2\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) ASK heterodyne synchronous detection = %d photons'%round(Np)\nprint'(b) ASK heterodyne asynchronous detection = %d photons'%round(Np2)\nprint'(c) pSK homodyne  detection = %d photons'%round(Np3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) ASK heterodyne synchronous detection = 72 photons\n(b) ASK heterodyne asynchronous detection = 80 photons\n(c) pSK homodyne  detection = 9 photons\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.4, page 881"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nBt=400*10**6                         #FSK signal bit rate\nh=1.55*10**-6                        #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nps=(36*h1*c*Bt)/(h)                #optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum incoming optical power level = %.1f nW'%(ps*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum incoming optical power level = 1.8 nW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.5, page 883"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNp=36                                     #average photons\nNp2=9                                     #average photons\nh=6.63*10**-34                            #plancks constant\nf=3*10**8                                 #frequency\nBt=50*10**6                               #bit rates\nBt2=10**9                                 #bit rates\nh1=1.55*10**-6                            #operating wavelength\na=0.2                                     #connector loss\n\n\n#Calculation\nPs=Np*h*f*Bt/h1                           #in watt\nPs1=10*math.log10(Ps*10**3)               #in dB\nma=4-Ps1                                  #Max. system margin\nmar=ma/a                                  #Max. repeater spacing \n \nPs2=Np*h*f*Bt2/h1                         #in watt\nPs3=10*math.log10(Ps2*10**3)              #in dB\nma1=4-Ps3                                 #Max. system margin\nmar1=ma1/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\nPs4=Np2*h*f*Bt/h1                         #in watt\nPs5=10*math.log10(Ps4*10**3)              #in dB\nma2=4-Ps5                                 #Max. system margin\nmar2=ma2/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\nPs6=Np2*h*f*Bt2/h1                        #in watt\nPs7=10*math.log10(Ps6*10**3)              #in dB\nma3=4-Ps7                                 #Max. system margin\nmar3=ma3/a                                #Max. repeater spacing \n\n\n#Result\nprint'(a)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar)\nprint'                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar1)\nprint'\\n(b)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar2)\nprint'                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = %.1f km'%round(mar3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = 352.0 km\n                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = 287.0 km\n\n(b)Max. repeater spacing (50 Mbit s^-1) = 382.0 km\n                         (1 Gbit s^-1) = 317.0 km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 37
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 13.6, page 888"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nnp=150\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nbf=20*10**12                         #optical bandwidth\nh=1.3*10**-6                         #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\ntx=(np*h1*c*bf)/h                    #transmitter power\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum transmitter power = %.1f mW' %(tx*1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum transmitter power = 0.5 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 26
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 80d85c26..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_14"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 14 : Optical fiber measurements"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.1, page 912"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nv2=10.7                                   #increased voltage\nv1=2.1                                    #voltage\nl1=2                                      #length in Km\nl2=0.002                                  #length in Km\n\n\n\n#Calculation\na=(10/(l1-l2))*math.log10(v2/v1)           #Attenuation\nu=0.2/(l1-l2)                              #incertainty\n\n#Result\nprint'Attenuation per Km = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a\nprint'Uncertainty = \u00b1 %.1f dB'%u",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Attenuation per Km = 3.5 dB Km^-1\nUncertainty = \u00b1 0.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.2, page 917"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt2=100                                     #time in sec\nt1=10                                      #time in sec\nti=0.525                                   #micro voltage\nto=0.021                                   #micro voltage\nC=1.64*10**4                               #thermal capacity\ntin=4.3*10**-4                             #maximum temperature rise\npop=98*10**-3                              #optical power\n\n\n#Calculation\ntc=(t2-t1)/(math.log(ti)-math.log(to))       #time constant for the calorimeter\na=(C*tin)/(pop*tc)                           #absortion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Absorption loss in dB = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Absorption loss in dB = 2.6 dB Km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.3, page 919"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nVsc=6.14*10**-9                              #voltage\nVop=153.38*10**-6                            #voltage without scattering\nl=2.92                                       #length of fibre in cm\n\n\n#Calculation\na=4.343*10**5*Vsc/(l*Vop)                    #scattering loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Scattering loss in dB = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Scattering loss in dB = 6.0 dB Km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.4, page 922"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt1=12.6*10**-9                               #time in sec\nt2=0.3*10**-9                                #time in sec\n\n\n\n#Calculation\nt=math.sqrt(t1**2-t2**2)/1.2               #pulse broadening \nBop=0.44/t                                 #bandwidth length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) 3dB pulse broadening = %.1f ns km^-1'%(t*10**9)\nprint'(b) Fiber bandwidth\u2013length product = %.1f MHz km'%(Bop*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) 3dB pulse broadening = 10.5 ns km^-1\n(b) Fiber bandwidth\u2013length product = 41.9 MHz km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 12
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.5, page 940"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nA=6.2                                     #output pattern size\nD=10                                    #screen position\n\n#Calculation\nNA=A/math.sqrt(A**2+(4*D**2))            #numerical aperture\n\n#Result\nprint'Numerical aperture = %.2f'%NA",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Numerical aperture = 0.30\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.6, page 942"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nphi=4                                       #angular velocity\nl=0.1                                       #length in meter\nwe=300*10**-6                               #shadow pulse width\n\n#Calculation\ns=l*phi                                   #shadow velocity\nd=we*s                                    #fibre diameter\n\n#Result\nprint'Outer fibre diameter = %.1f um'%(d*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Outer fibre diameter = 120.0 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.7, page 950"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\na=5*10**-3                                     #optical signal power\nb=20*10**-6                                    #optical signal power\nc=0.3*10**-3                                   #optical signal power\nd=800*10**-9                                   #optical signal power\n\n#Calculation\nadb=10*math.log10(a*10**3)                         #in dBm\nbdb=10*math.log10(b*10**3)                         #in dBm\ncdb=10*math.log10(c*10**6)                         #in dBu\nddb=10*math.log10(d*10**6)                         #in dBu\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) For a 1 mW reference power level'\nprint' optical signal power of 5 mW = %.2f dBm'%adb\nprint' optical signal power of 20 uW = %.2f dBm'%bdb\nprint'\\n(b) For a 1 \u03bcW reference power level'\nprint' optical signal power of 0.3 mW = %.2f dBu'%cdb      #value given in a textbook is incorrect\nprint' optical signal power of 800 nW = %.2f dBu'%ddb",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) For a 1 mW reference power level\n optical signal power of 5 mW = 6.99 dBm\n optical signal power of 20 uW = -16.99 dBm\n\n(b) For a 1 \u03bcW reference power level\n optical signal power of 0.3 mW = 24.77 dBu\n optical signal power of 800 nW = -0.97 dBu\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 35
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.8, page 953"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.02                               #numerical aperture\nyr=0.7*10**-3                        #Rayleigh scattering coefficient\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nwo=50*10**-9                         #pulse time\nn1=1.5\n\n#Calculation\np=0.5*(((NA**2)*yr*wo*c)/(4*(n1**3)))       #power ratio\npdb=10*math.log10(p*10**3)                  #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Power ratio  = %.3f X 10^-7'%(p*10**7)     #value given in a textbook is incorrect\nprint'Power ratio in dB = %.1f dB'%pdb            #value given in a textbook is incorrect",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Power ratio  = 1.555 X 10^-7\nPower ratio in dB = -38.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 80d85c26..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_14"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 14 : Optical fiber measurements"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.1, page 912"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nv2=10.7                                   #increased voltage\nv1=2.1                                    #voltage\nl1=2                                      #length in Km\nl2=0.002                                  #length in Km\n\n\n\n#Calculation\na=(10/(l1-l2))*math.log10(v2/v1)           #Attenuation\nu=0.2/(l1-l2)                              #incertainty\n\n#Result\nprint'Attenuation per Km = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a\nprint'Uncertainty = \u00b1 %.1f dB'%u",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Attenuation per Km = 3.5 dB Km^-1\nUncertainty = \u00b1 0.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.2, page 917"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt2=100                                     #time in sec\nt1=10                                      #time in sec\nti=0.525                                   #micro voltage\nto=0.021                                   #micro voltage\nC=1.64*10**4                               #thermal capacity\ntin=4.3*10**-4                             #maximum temperature rise\npop=98*10**-3                              #optical power\n\n\n#Calculation\ntc=(t2-t1)/(math.log(ti)-math.log(to))       #time constant for the calorimeter\na=(C*tin)/(pop*tc)                           #absortion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Absorption loss in dB = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Absorption loss in dB = 2.6 dB Km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.3, page 919"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nVsc=6.14*10**-9                              #voltage\nVop=153.38*10**-6                            #voltage without scattering\nl=2.92                                       #length of fibre in cm\n\n\n#Calculation\na=4.343*10**5*Vsc/(l*Vop)                    #scattering loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Scattering loss in dB = %.1f dB Km^-1'%a",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Scattering loss in dB = 6.0 dB Km^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.4, page 922"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt1=12.6*10**-9                               #time in sec\nt2=0.3*10**-9                                #time in sec\n\n\n\n#Calculation\nt=math.sqrt(t1**2-t2**2)/1.2               #pulse broadening \nBop=0.44/t                                 #bandwidth length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) 3dB pulse broadening = %.1f ns km^-1'%(t*10**9)\nprint'(b) Fiber bandwidth\u2013length product = %.1f MHz km'%(Bop*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) 3dB pulse broadening = 10.5 ns km^-1\n(b) Fiber bandwidth\u2013length product = 41.9 MHz km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 12
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.5, page 940"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nA=6.2                                     #output pattern size\nD=10                                    #screen position\n\n#Calculation\nNA=A/math.sqrt(A**2+(4*D**2))            #numerical aperture\n\n#Result\nprint'Numerical aperture = %.2f'%NA",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Numerical aperture = 0.30\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.6, page 942"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nphi=4                                       #angular velocity\nl=0.1                                       #length in meter\nwe=300*10**-6                               #shadow pulse width\n\n#Calculation\ns=l*phi                                   #shadow velocity\nd=we*s                                    #fibre diameter\n\n#Result\nprint'Outer fibre diameter = %.1f um'%(d*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Outer fibre diameter = 120.0 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.7, page 950"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\na=5*10**-3                                     #optical signal power\nb=20*10**-6                                    #optical signal power\nc=0.3*10**-3                                   #optical signal power\nd=800*10**-9                                   #optical signal power\n\n#Calculation\nadb=10*math.log10(a*10**3)                         #in dBm\nbdb=10*math.log10(b*10**3)                         #in dBm\ncdb=10*math.log10(c*10**6)                         #in dBu\nddb=10*math.log10(d*10**6)                         #in dBu\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) For a 1 mW reference power level'\nprint' optical signal power of 5 mW = %.2f dBm'%adb\nprint' optical signal power of 20 uW = %.2f dBm'%bdb\nprint'\\n(b) For a 1 \u03bcW reference power level'\nprint' optical signal power of 0.3 mW = %.2f dBu'%cdb      #value given in a textbook is incorrect\nprint' optical signal power of 800 nW = %.2f dBu'%ddb",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) For a 1 mW reference power level\n optical signal power of 5 mW = 6.99 dBm\n optical signal power of 20 uW = -16.99 dBm\n\n(b) For a 1 \u03bcW reference power level\n optical signal power of 0.3 mW = 24.77 dBu\n optical signal power of 800 nW = -0.97 dBu\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 35
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 14.8, page 953"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.02                               #numerical aperture\nyr=0.7*10**-3                        #Rayleigh scattering coefficient\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\nwo=50*10**-9                         #pulse time\nn1=1.5\n\n#Calculation\np=0.5*(((NA**2)*yr*wo*c)/(4*(n1**3)))       #power ratio\npdb=10*math.log10(p*10**3)                  #in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Power ratio  = %.3f X 10^-7'%(p*10**7)     #value given in a textbook is incorrect\nprint'Power ratio in dB = %.1f dB'%pdb            #value given in a textbook is incorrect",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Power ratio  = 1.555 X 10^-7\nPower ratio in dB = -38.1 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 06ca7e54..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_15"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 15:- Optical networks"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Theoretical chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 06ca7e54..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_15"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 15:- Optical networks"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Theoretical chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 06ca7e54..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter15_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_15"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 15:- Optical networks"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Theoretical chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 76fe396c..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_1"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 :- Introduction"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "# Theortical Chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 76fe396c..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter1_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_1"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 :- Introduction"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "# Theortical Chapter",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 81d67649..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_2"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 2 : Optical fiber waveguides\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.1,  page 19"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.50                   #core refractive index\nn2=1.47                   #cladding refractive index\n\n#Calculation\nphic=math.asin(n2/n1)*180/(math.pi)     #critical angle at core cladding\nNA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)               #numerical aperture\nphia=math.asin(NA)*180/math.pi          #acceptance angle in air\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Critical angle at the core-cladding = %.1f\u00b0'%phic\nprint'(b) NA for the fiber = %.2f'%NA\nprint'(c) Acceptance angle in air for the fiber = %.1f\u00b0'%phia",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Critical angle at the core-cladding = 78.5\u00b0\n(b) NA for the fiber = 0.30\n(c) Acceptance angle in air for the fiber = 17.4\u00b0\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.2,  page 20"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ndelta=0.01                           #relative refractive index = 1%\nn1=1.46                               #core index\n\n#Calculation\nNA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta)             #numerical aperture\nzeta=math.pi*(NA)**2                 #solid acceptance angle\nn12=1-delta                          #ratio of(n2/n1)\nphic=math.asin(n12)*180/math.pi      #critical angle\n\n#Result\nprint'Numerical aperture (NA) = %.2f'%NA\nprint'Solid acceptance angle = ',round((zeta),2),'rad'\nprint'Critical angle at core-cladding = %.1f\u00b0'%phic",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Numerical aperture (NA) = 0.21\nSolid acceptance angle =  0.13 rad\nCritical angle at core-cladding = 81.9\u00b0\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.3,  page 23"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nNA=0.4                                              #numerical aperture\ny=50*math.pi/180                                    #angle between projection of the ray and radius of fibre of core (radians)\n\n#Calculation\nphia1=math.asin(NA)*180/math.pi                     #acceptance angle for meridional rays\nphia2=math.asin(NA/(math.cos(y)))*180/math.pi       #acceptance angle for skew rays\n\n#Result\nprint'Acceptance angle for meridional rays = %.1f\u00b0'%phia1\nprint'Acceptance angle for skew rays = %.1f\u00b0'%phia2\nprint\"Therefore, acceptance angle for the skew rays is about 15\u00b0 greater thanthe corresponding angle for meridional rays\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Acceptance angle for meridional rays = 23.6\u00b0\nAcceptance angle for skew rays = 38.5\u00b0\nTherefore, acceptance angle for the skew rays is about 15\u00b0 greater thanthe corresponding angle for meridional rays\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.4,  page 45"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.48                                              #core index\na=40*10**-6                                          #radius of core\ndelta=1.5/100                                        #relative refractive index = 1.5%\nh=0.85*10**-6                                        #operating wavelength\n\n#Calculation \nV=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))/h              #normalized frequency for the fiber\nMs=(V**2)/2                                          #no of guided modes\n\n#Result\nprint 'Normalised frequency, V = %.1f'%V\nprint'Total number of guided modes, Ms = %d'%round(Ms)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Normalised frequency, V = 75.8\nTotal number of guided modes, Ms = 2872\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.5,  page 54"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                            #numerical aperture\na=25*10**-6                                       #radius of core\nh=1*10**-6                                        #operating wavelength\n\n#Calculation \nV=(2*math.pi*a*NA)/h                             #normalized frequency for the fiber\nMg=(V**2)/4                                      #no of guided modes gor parabolic profile\n\n#Result\nprint 'Normalised frequency, V = %.1f'%V\nprint'Total number of guided modes, Mg = %d'%round(Mg)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Normalised frequency, V = 31.4\nTotal number of guided modes, Mg = 247\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.6,  page 55"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.48                                                         #core index        \nh=0.85*10**-6                                                   #operating wavelength\nV=2.4                                                           #normalized frequency for the fiber\ndelta=1.5/100                                                   #relative refractive index (RRI)= 1.5%\ndelta1=delta/10                                               #RRI difference reduced by 10\n\n#Calculation\na=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))                       #radius of core\nd=2*a\na1=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta1))                     #new radius of core\nd1=2*a1\n\n#Result\nprint 'Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index of 1.5 percent  = ',round((d*10**6),2),\"um\"\nprint \"Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  = \",round(d1*10**6),\"um\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index of 1.5 percent  =  2.53 um\nMaximum core diameter for relative refractive index  =  8.0 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.7,  page 2.7"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                                          #core index \ndelta=0.01                                                      #relative refractive index (RRI)= 1%\nh=1.3*10**-6                                                    #operating wavelength\nalph=2\n\n#Calculation\nV=(2.4)*math.sqrt(1+(2/alph))                                   #normalized frequency for the fiber\na=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))                       #radius of core\nd=2*a\n\n#Result\nprint \"Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  = \",round(d*10**6,1),\"um\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  =  6.6 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.8,  page 60"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\na=4.5*10**-6                                                   #radius of core\nn1=1.46                                                        #core index \ndelta=0.25/100                                                 #relative refractive index (RRI)= 0.25%\n\n\n#Calculation \nhc=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))/2.405                    #cutoff wavelength\n\n\n#Result\nprint 'Fibre is single moded to a wavelength = ',round(hc*10**9),'nm'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fibre is single moded to a wavelength =  1214.0 nm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 24
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.10,  page 69"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\nwo=5.8*10**-6                                   #spot size            \nV=2.2                                         #normalized frequency\n\n#Calculation \na=wo/((0.65+1.619*V**(-1.5))+(2.879*V**-6))     #radius of the core\nd=2*a\n\n#Result\nprint'Fibre core diameter = ',round(d*10**6,1),\"um\"\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fibre core diameter =  9.9 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.11,  page 73"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.30*10**-6                            #operating wavelength  \nhc=1.08*10**-6                            #cutoff wavelength\ntheta=12                                   #in angle (degree)\n\n#Calculation \naeff=3.832*h/(2*math.pi*math.sin(theta))                     #effective core radius\nVeff=2.405*hc/h                                               #effective normalised frequency\nwo=3.81*10**-6*(0.6043+(1.755*Veff**-1.5)+(2.78*Veff**-6))    #spot size\n\n#Result\nprint 'Spot size = ',round(wo*10**6,2),'um'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Spot size =  4.84 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.12,  page 74"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nwo=5.2*10**-6                                     #spot size\nn1=1.485                                          #core index\nhc=1.190*10**-6                                   #cutoff wavelength\n\n#Calculation \naesi=1.820*wo                                     #ESI core radius\nD=(0.293/n1**2)*(hc/aesi)**2                      #ESI relative index difference\n\n#Result\nprint'ESI relative refractive index difference = ',round(D*10**2,2),'%'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "ESI relative refractive index difference =  0.21 %\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 81d67649..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_2"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 2 : Optical fiber waveguides\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.1,  page 19"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.50                   #core refractive index\nn2=1.47                   #cladding refractive index\n\n#Calculation\nphic=math.asin(n2/n1)*180/(math.pi)     #critical angle at core cladding\nNA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)               #numerical aperture\nphia=math.asin(NA)*180/math.pi          #acceptance angle in air\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Critical angle at the core-cladding = %.1f\u00b0'%phic\nprint'(b) NA for the fiber = %.2f'%NA\nprint'(c) Acceptance angle in air for the fiber = %.1f\u00b0'%phia",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Critical angle at the core-cladding = 78.5\u00b0\n(b) NA for the fiber = 0.30\n(c) Acceptance angle in air for the fiber = 17.4\u00b0\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.2,  page 20"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ndelta=0.01                           #relative refractive index = 1%\nn1=1.46                               #core index\n\n#Calculation\nNA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta)             #numerical aperture\nzeta=math.pi*(NA)**2                 #solid acceptance angle\nn12=1-delta                          #ratio of(n2/n1)\nphic=math.asin(n12)*180/math.pi      #critical angle\n\n#Result\nprint'Numerical aperture (NA) = %.2f'%NA\nprint'Solid acceptance angle = ',round((zeta),2),'rad'\nprint'Critical angle at core-cladding = %.1f\u00b0'%phic",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Numerical aperture (NA) = 0.21\nSolid acceptance angle =  0.13 rad\nCritical angle at core-cladding = 81.9\u00b0\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.3,  page 23"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nNA=0.4                                              #numerical aperture\ny=50*math.pi/180                                    #angle between projection of the ray and radius of fibre of core (radians)\n\n#Calculation\nphia1=math.asin(NA)*180/math.pi                     #acceptance angle for meridional rays\nphia2=math.asin(NA/(math.cos(y)))*180/math.pi       #acceptance angle for skew rays\n\n#Result\nprint'Acceptance angle for meridional rays = %.1f\u00b0'%phia1\nprint'Acceptance angle for skew rays = %.1f\u00b0'%phia2\nprint\"Therefore, acceptance angle for the skew rays is about 15\u00b0 greater thanthe corresponding angle for meridional rays\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Acceptance angle for meridional rays = 23.6\u00b0\nAcceptance angle for skew rays = 38.5\u00b0\nTherefore, acceptance angle for the skew rays is about 15\u00b0 greater thanthe corresponding angle for meridional rays\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.4,  page 45"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.48                                              #core index\na=40*10**-6                                          #radius of core\ndelta=1.5/100                                        #relative refractive index = 1.5%\nh=0.85*10**-6                                        #operating wavelength\n\n#Calculation \nV=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))/h              #normalized frequency for the fiber\nMs=(V**2)/2                                          #no of guided modes\n\n#Result\nprint 'Normalised frequency, V = %.1f'%V\nprint'Total number of guided modes, Ms = %d'%round(Ms)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Normalised frequency, V = 75.8\nTotal number of guided modes, Ms = 2872\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.5,  page 54"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                            #numerical aperture\na=25*10**-6                                       #radius of core\nh=1*10**-6                                        #operating wavelength\n\n#Calculation \nV=(2*math.pi*a*NA)/h                             #normalized frequency for the fiber\nMg=(V**2)/4                                      #no of guided modes gor parabolic profile\n\n#Result\nprint 'Normalised frequency, V = %.1f'%V\nprint'Total number of guided modes, Mg = %d'%round(Mg)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Normalised frequency, V = 31.4\nTotal number of guided modes, Mg = 247\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.6,  page 55"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.48                                                         #core index        \nh=0.85*10**-6                                                   #operating wavelength\nV=2.4                                                           #normalized frequency for the fiber\ndelta=1.5/100                                                   #relative refractive index (RRI)= 1.5%\ndelta1=delta/10                                               #RRI difference reduced by 10\n\n#Calculation\na=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))                       #radius of core\nd=2*a\na1=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta1))                     #new radius of core\nd1=2*a1\n\n#Result\nprint 'Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index of 1.5 percent  = ',round((d*10**6),2),\"um\"\nprint \"Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  = \",round(d1*10**6),\"um\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index of 1.5 percent  =  2.53 um\nMaximum core diameter for relative refractive index  =  8.0 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.7,  page 2.7"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                                          #core index \ndelta=0.01                                                      #relative refractive index (RRI)= 1%\nh=1.3*10**-6                                                    #operating wavelength\nalph=2\n\n#Calculation\nV=(2.4)*math.sqrt(1+(2/alph))                                   #normalized frequency for the fiber\na=(V*h)/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))                       #radius of core\nd=2*a\n\n#Result\nprint \"Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  = \",round(d*10**6,1),\"um\"",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum core diameter for relative refractive index  =  6.6 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.8,  page 60"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\na=4.5*10**-6                                                   #radius of core\nn1=1.46                                                        #core index \ndelta=0.25/100                                                 #relative refractive index (RRI)= 0.25%\n\n\n#Calculation \nhc=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta))/2.405                    #cutoff wavelength\n\n\n#Result\nprint 'Fibre is single moded to a wavelength = ',round(hc*10**9),'nm'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fibre is single moded to a wavelength =  1214.0 nm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 24
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.10,  page 69"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\nwo=5.8*10**-6                                   #spot size            \nV=2.2                                         #normalized frequency\n\n#Calculation \na=wo/((0.65+1.619*V**(-1.5))+(2.879*V**-6))     #radius of the core\nd=2*a\n\n#Result\nprint'Fibre core diameter = ',round(d*10**6,1),\"um\"\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fibre core diameter =  9.9 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.11,  page 73"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n#Variable declaration\nh=1.30*10**-6                            #operating wavelength  \nhc=1.08*10**-6                            #cutoff wavelength\ntheta=12                                   #in angle (degree)\n\n#Calculation \naeff=3.832*h/(2*math.pi*math.sin(theta))                     #effective core radius\nVeff=2.405*hc/h                                               #effective normalised frequency\nwo=3.81*10**-6*(0.6043+(1.755*Veff**-1.5)+(2.78*Veff**-6))    #spot size\n\n#Result\nprint 'Spot size = ',round(wo*10**6,2),'um'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Spot size =  4.84 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 2.12,  page 74"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nwo=5.2*10**-6                                     #spot size\nn1=1.485                                          #core index\nhc=1.190*10**-6                                   #cutoff wavelength\n\n#Calculation \naesi=1.820*wo                                     #ESI core radius\nD=(0.293/n1**2)*(hc/aesi)**2                      #ESI relative index difference\n\n#Result\nprint'ESI relative refractive index difference = ',round(D*10**2,2),'%'",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "ESI relative refractive index difference =  0.21 %\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3778a224..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_3"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 3 : Transmission characteristics of\noptical fibers"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.1,  page 89"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nPi=120*10**-6                                      #mean i/p power in uW\nPo=3*10**-6                                        #mean o/p power in uW\nL=8                                                #length of fibre in Km\na1=2                                               #loss in dB\nL1=10                                              #length of fibre in Km\nloss=9                                             #loss in dB\n\n#Calculation \nSA=10*math.log10(Pi/Po)                             #overall signal attenuation\na=SA/L                                              #signal attenuation per kilometer\nal=a1*L1\nSA1=al+loss                                         #signal attenuation for the 10KM link\nP=10**(2.9)                                         #i/o power ratio, 2.9 is numeric value\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall signal attenuation = ',round(SA),'dB'\nprint'Signal attenuation per kilometer = ',round(a),'per KM'\nprint'Overall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  = ',round(SA1),'dB'\nprint'Numeric value for i/o power ratio = %.1f' %P",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Overall signal attenuation =  16.0 dB\nSignal attenuation per kilometer =  2.0 per KM\nOverall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  =  29.0 dB\nNumeric value for i/o power ratio = 794.3\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.2, page 96"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTf=1400                                        #tempreture in kelvin\nK=1.381*10**-23                                #Boltzmann\u2019s constant\nBc=7*10**-11                                   #isothermal compressibility\nn=1.46                                         #refractive index\np=0.286                                        #refractive index\nh1=0.63*10**-6                                 #wavelength\nh2=10**-6                                      #wavelength\nh3=1.3*10**-6                                  #wavelength\nL=10**3                                        #length in km\n\n#Calculation \na=(8*math.pi**3*n**8*p**2*Bc*K*Tf)/3\nyr=a/h1**4                                     #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk=math.exp(-yr*L)                             #transmission loss factor\nAt=10*math.log10(Lk**-1)                       #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\nyr1=a/h2**4                                    #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk1=math.exp(-yr1*L)                           #transmission loss factor\nAt1=10*math.log10(Lk1**-1)                     #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\nyr2=a/h3**4                                    #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk2=math.exp(-yr2*L)                           #transmission loss factor\nAt2=10*math.log10(Lk2**-1)                     #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\n\n#Result\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 0.63 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At)\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.0 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At1)\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.30 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At2)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 0.63 \u03bcm)= 5.2 dB\nAttenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.0 \u03bcm)= 0.8 dB\nAttenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.30 \u03bcm)= 0.3 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 20
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.3, page 99"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nd=6                                                 #diameter in \u03bcm\nh=1.3                                               #wavelength in \u03bcm\nadb=0.5                                             #attenuation in dB\nv=0.6\n\n#Calculation \nPb=4.4*10**-3*d**2*h**2*adb*v                       #for SBS\nPr=5.9*10**-2*d**2*h*adb                            #for SRS\n\n#result\nprint'Threshold optical power for SBS = %.1f mW'%(Pb*1000)\nprint 'Threshold optical power for SRS = %.2f W'%Pr\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold optical power for SBS = 80.3 mW\nThreshold optical power for SRS = 1.38 W\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.4, page 101"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration \nn1=1.5                                                 #refractive index\nh=0.82*10**-6                                          #operating wavelength\ndelta=0.03                                             #relative refractive index difference \ndelta1=0.003                                           #relative refractive index difference\nh1=1.55*10**-6                                         #operating wavelength\na=4*10**-6                                             #radius of core\n\n#Calculation\nn2=(n1**2)-(2*delta*n1**2)                               #refractive index\nRc=(3*n1**2*h)/(4*math.pi*(n1**2-n2)**0.5)               #multimode fiber critical radius of curvature\nn21=(n1**2)-(2*delta1*n1**2)                             #refractive index  \nhc=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta1))/(2.405)          #cutoff wavelength for the single-mode fiber\nb=20*h1/math.sqrt(0.043)\nc=(2.748-(0.996*h1/hc))**-3\nRcs=b*c                                                  #critical radius of curvature for the single-mode\n\n#Result\nprint'Multimode fiber critical radius of curvature = %.2f um'%(Rc*10**6)      #value given in the textbook is wrong              \nprint'Single-mode fiber critical radius of curvature = %.2f um'%(Rcs*10**3)     #value given in the textbook is wrong",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Multimode fiber critical radius of curvature = 1.20 um\nSingle-mode fiber critical radius of curvature = 0.05 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 36
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.5, page 109"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration \nt=0.1*10**-6                           #total pulse time  \nd=15                                   #distance in Km\n\n#Calculation\nBt=1/(2*t)                              #Maximum Bandwidth\nD=t/d                                   #Pulse Dispersion\nBop=Bt*d                                #Bandwidth-length product\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum Bandwidth = %d Mhz'%(Bt/10**6)\nprint'Pulse Dispersion = %.2f ns per Km'%(D*10**9)\nprint'Bandwidth-length product = %d Mhz Km'%(Bop/10**6)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum Bandwidth = 5 Mhz\nPulse Dispersion = 6.67 ns per Km\nBandwidth-length product = 75 Mhz Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 51
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.6, page 111"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nb=0.025                                  #material dispersion                 \nc=2.998                                  #speed of light (x 10^8)\nh=85*10**6                                #wavelength dispersion parameter\n\n\n#Calculation\nM=b/(c*h)                                 #Material dispersion parameter\ns=M*20                                    #RMS pulse broadening (1 Km)\n\n#Result\nprint'Material dispersion parameter = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(M*10**12)\nprint'RMS pulse broadening (1 Km) = %.2f ns K/m'%(s*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Material dispersion parameter = 98.1 ps n/m K/m\nRMS pulse broadening (1 Km) = 1.96 ns K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 55
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.7, page 112"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=0.85*10**-6                        #wavelength \nb=0.0012                             #relative spectral width\nM=98.1*10**-12                       #material dispersion parameter\n\n#Calculation\nsh=b*h                               #relative spectral width\nsm=sh*M*10**9                        #RMS pulse braodening\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS pulse braodening (1 Km) = %.2f ns K/m'%(sm*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS pulse braodening (1 Km) = 0.10 ns K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 66
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.8, page 117"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nL=6000                                               #optical link\nn1=1.5                                               #core refractive index\ndelt=0.01                                            #relative refractive index difference\nc=2.998*10**8                                        #speed of light\n\n\n#Calculation\nTs=(L*n1*delt)/c                                      #Delay difference\nsc=(L*n1*delt)/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c)                     #RMS pulse broadening\nBt=1/(2*Ts)\nBtm=0.2/sc                                            #Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening\nBop=Btm*L                                             #Bandwidth-length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Delay difference = %d ns' %(Ts*10**9)\nprint'(b) RMS pulse broadening = %.1f ns' %(sc*10**9)\nprint'(c) Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening = %.1f Mbit/s'%(Btm/10**6)\nprint'(d) Bandwidth-length product = %.1f Mhz km'%(Bop/10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Delay difference = 300 ns\n(b) RMS pulse broadening = 86.7 ns\n(c) Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening = 2.3 Mbit/s\n(d) Bandwidth-length product = 13.8 Mhz km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.9, page 121"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsc=86.7                                              #RMS pulse broadening\nL1=6                                                 #optical link\nL=10**3                                              #for 1 Km\nn1=1.5                                               #core refractive index\ndelt=0.01                                            #relative refractive index difference\nc=3*10**8                                            #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nd=sc/L1                                              #for multimode step index fiber\nsg=(L*n1*delt**2)/(20*math.sqrt(3)*c)                #gradient index fiber\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS pulse broadening for multimode step index fiber = %.1f ns K/m'%(d)\nprint'RMS pulse broadening for gradient index fiber = %.1f ps K/m'%(sg*10**12)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS pulse broadening for multimode step index fiber = 14.5 ns K/m\nRMS pulse broadening for gradient index fiber = 14.4 ps K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 18
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.10, page 125"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsh=50                                        #rms spectral width\nL=1                                          #1 Km\nM=250*10**-12                                #material dispersion parameter\nL1=10**3                                     \nNA=0.3                                       #numerical aperture\nn1=1.45                                      #refractive index\nc=2.998*10**8                                #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nsm=sh*L*M                                      #rms pulse broadening\nss=(L1*NA**2)/(4*math.sqrt(3)*n1*c)            #rms pulse broadening per kilometer\nst=math.sqrt(sm**2+ss**2)                      #total rms pulse broadening per kilometer\nBop=0.2/st                                     #bandwidth\u2013length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Total RMS pulse broadening per Km = %.1f ns K/m'%(st*10**9)\nprint'(b) Bandwidth length product = %.1f Mhz Km'%(Bop*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Total RMS pulse broadening per Km = 32.4 ns K/m\n(b) Bandwidth length product = 6.2 Mhz Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 17
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.11, page 131"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "\n#Variable declaration\nh=1280                                     #wavelength in nm\nS0=0.09*10**-12                            #dispersion slope\nh0=1310                                    #zero dispersion wavlength in nm\nh1=1550                                    #wavelength in nm\nDm=13.5*10**-12                            #material dispersion wavelength in m\nDp=0.4*10**-12                             #profile dispersion wavelength in m\n\n#Calculation\na=h*S0/4\nb=1-((h0*h**-1)**4)\nDt=a*b\nDt1=(h1*S0/4)*(1-(h0*h1**-1)**4)\nDw=Dt1-(Dm+Dp)\n\n#Result\nprint'Total first order dispersion (1280 nm) = %.1f nm^-1 km^-1'%(Dt*10**12)\nprint'Total first order dispersion (1550 nm) = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(Dt1*10**12)\nprint'Waveguide dispersion at wavelength 1.55um = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(Dw*10**12)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total first order dispersion (1280 nm) = -2.8 nm^-1 km^-1\nTotal first order dispersion (1550 nm) = 17.1 ps n/m K/m\nWaveguide dispersion at wavelength 1.55um = 3.2 ps n/m K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 15
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.12, page 143"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=0.9*10**-6                               #peak wavelength                           \nLb=0.09                                    #beat length\ns=10**-9                                   #spectral linewidth\n\n\n#Calculation\nBf=h/Lb                                   #modal birefringence\nLbc=h**2/(Bf*s)                             #coherence length\nBxy=(2*math.pi)/Lb                        #difference between propagation constant\n\n#Result\nprint'Modal birefringence, Bf = %.1f x 10^-5' %(Bf*10**5)\nprint'Coherence length, Lf = %.1f m' %Lbc\nprint'Difference between propagation constant = %.1f' %Bxy",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Modal birefringence, Bf = 1.0 x 10^-5\nCoherence length, Lf = 81.0 m\nDifference between propagation constant = 69.8\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.13, page 144"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=1.3*10**-6                                 #fibers operating wavelength\nLs=0.7*10**-3                                #beat length\nL=80                                         #beat length\n\n#Calculation\nBf=h/Ls                                      #Fiber birefringence (0.7mm)\nBf1=h/L                                      #Fiber birefringence (80m)\n\n#Result\nprint'Fiber birefringence (0.7mm) = %.2f x 10^-3'%(Bf*1000)\nprint'Fiber birefringence (80m) = %.2f x 10^-8'%(Bf1*10**8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fiber birefringence (0.7mm) = 1.86 x 10^-3\nFiber birefringence (80m) = 1.62 x 10^-8\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.14, page 150"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nL=3.5*10**3                             #length of fiber\na=2*10**-3                              #tanh(h*L)\n\n\n#Calculation\nh=a/L                                   #mode coupling parameter                                \n\n#Result\nprint'Mode coupling parameter = %.1f x 10^-7 m^-1'%(h*10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Mode coupling parameter = 5.7 x 10^-7 m^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3778a224..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_3"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 3 : Transmission characteristics of\noptical fibers"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.1,  page 89"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nPi=120*10**-6                                      #mean i/p power in uW\nPo=3*10**-6                                        #mean o/p power in uW\nL=8                                                #length of fibre in Km\na1=2                                               #loss in dB\nL1=10                                              #length of fibre in Km\nloss=9                                             #loss in dB\n\n#Calculation \nSA=10*math.log10(Pi/Po)                             #overall signal attenuation\na=SA/L                                              #signal attenuation per kilometer\nal=a1*L1\nSA1=al+loss                                         #signal attenuation for the 10KM link\nP=10**(2.9)                                         #i/o power ratio, 2.9 is numeric value\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall signal attenuation = ',round(SA),'dB'\nprint'Signal attenuation per kilometer = ',round(a),'per KM'\nprint'Overall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  = ',round(SA1),'dB'\nprint'Numeric value for i/o power ratio = %.1f' %P",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Overall signal attenuation =  16.0 dB\nSignal attenuation per kilometer =  2.0 per KM\nOverall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  =  29.0 dB\nNumeric value for i/o power ratio = 794.3\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.2, page 96"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nTf=1400                                        #tempreture in kelvin\nK=1.381*10**-23                                #Boltzmann\u2019s constant\nBc=7*10**-11                                   #isothermal compressibility\nn=1.46                                         #refractive index\np=0.286                                        #refractive index\nh1=0.63*10**-6                                 #wavelength\nh2=10**-6                                      #wavelength\nh3=1.3*10**-6                                  #wavelength\nL=10**3                                        #length in km\n\n#Calculation \na=(8*math.pi**3*n**8*p**2*Bc*K*Tf)/3\nyr=a/h1**4                                     #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk=math.exp(-yr*L)                             #transmission loss factor\nAt=10*math.log10(Lk**-1)                       #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\nyr1=a/h2**4                                    #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk1=math.exp(-yr1*L)                           #transmission loss factor\nAt1=10*math.log10(Lk1**-1)                     #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\nyr2=a/h3**4                                    #Rayleigh scattering coefficient \nLk2=math.exp(-yr2*L)                           #transmission loss factor\nAt2=10*math.log10(Lk2**-1)                     #attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering\n\n#Result\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 0.63 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At)\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.0 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At1)\nprint'Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.30 \u03bcm)= %.1f dB km^-1'%(At2)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 0.63 \u03bcm)= 5.2 dB\nAttenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.0 \u03bcm)= 0.8 dB\nAttenuation due to Rayleigh scattering (in 1.30 \u03bcm)= 0.3 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 20
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.3, page 99"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nd=6                                                 #diameter in \u03bcm\nh=1.3                                               #wavelength in \u03bcm\nadb=0.5                                             #attenuation in dB\nv=0.6\n\n#Calculation \nPb=4.4*10**-3*d**2*h**2*adb*v                       #for SBS\nPr=5.9*10**-2*d**2*h*adb                            #for SRS\n\n#result\nprint'Threshold optical power for SBS = %.1f mW'%(Pb*1000)\nprint 'Threshold optical power for SRS = %.2f W'%Pr\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold optical power for SBS = 80.3 mW\nThreshold optical power for SRS = 1.38 W\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 19
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.4, page 101"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration \nn1=1.5                                                 #refractive index\nh=0.82*10**-6                                          #operating wavelength\ndelta=0.03                                             #relative refractive index difference \ndelta1=0.003                                           #relative refractive index difference\nh1=1.55*10**-6                                         #operating wavelength\na=4*10**-6                                             #radius of core\n\n#Calculation\nn2=(n1**2)-(2*delta*n1**2)                               #refractive index\nRc=(3*n1**2*h)/(4*math.pi*(n1**2-n2)**0.5)               #multimode fiber critical radius of curvature\nn21=(n1**2)-(2*delta1*n1**2)                             #refractive index  \nhc=(2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta1))/(2.405)          #cutoff wavelength for the single-mode fiber\nb=20*h1/math.sqrt(0.043)\nc=(2.748-(0.996*h1/hc))**-3\nRcs=b*c                                                  #critical radius of curvature for the single-mode\n\n#Result\nprint'Multimode fiber critical radius of curvature = %.2f um'%(Rc*10**6)      #value given in the textbook is wrong              \nprint'Single-mode fiber critical radius of curvature = %.2f um'%(Rcs*10**3)     #value given in the textbook is wrong",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Multimode fiber critical radius of curvature = 1.20 um\nSingle-mode fiber critical radius of curvature = 0.05 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 36
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.5, page 109"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration \nt=0.1*10**-6                           #total pulse time  \nd=15                                   #distance in Km\n\n#Calculation\nBt=1/(2*t)                              #Maximum Bandwidth\nD=t/d                                   #Pulse Dispersion\nBop=Bt*d                                #Bandwidth-length product\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum Bandwidth = %d Mhz'%(Bt/10**6)\nprint'Pulse Dispersion = %.2f ns per Km'%(D*10**9)\nprint'Bandwidth-length product = %d Mhz Km'%(Bop/10**6)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum Bandwidth = 5 Mhz\nPulse Dispersion = 6.67 ns per Km\nBandwidth-length product = 75 Mhz Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 51
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.6, page 111"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nb=0.025                                  #material dispersion                 \nc=2.998                                  #speed of light (x 10^8)\nh=85*10**6                                #wavelength dispersion parameter\n\n\n#Calculation\nM=b/(c*h)                                 #Material dispersion parameter\ns=M*20                                    #RMS pulse broadening (1 Km)\n\n#Result\nprint'Material dispersion parameter = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(M*10**12)\nprint'RMS pulse broadening (1 Km) = %.2f ns K/m'%(s*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Material dispersion parameter = 98.1 ps n/m K/m\nRMS pulse broadening (1 Km) = 1.96 ns K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 55
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.7, page 112"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=0.85*10**-6                        #wavelength \nb=0.0012                             #relative spectral width\nM=98.1*10**-12                       #material dispersion parameter\n\n#Calculation\nsh=b*h                               #relative spectral width\nsm=sh*M*10**9                        #RMS pulse braodening\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS pulse braodening (1 Km) = %.2f ns K/m'%(sm*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS pulse braodening (1 Km) = 0.10 ns K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 66
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.8, page 117"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nL=6000                                               #optical link\nn1=1.5                                               #core refractive index\ndelt=0.01                                            #relative refractive index difference\nc=2.998*10**8                                        #speed of light\n\n\n#Calculation\nTs=(L*n1*delt)/c                                      #Delay difference\nsc=(L*n1*delt)/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c)                     #RMS pulse broadening\nBt=1/(2*Ts)\nBtm=0.2/sc                                            #Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening\nBop=Btm*L                                             #Bandwidth-length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Delay difference = %d ns' %(Ts*10**9)\nprint'(b) RMS pulse broadening = %.1f ns' %(sc*10**9)\nprint'(c) Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening = %.1f Mbit/s'%(Btm/10**6)\nprint'(d) Bandwidth-length product = %.1f Mhz km'%(Bop/10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Delay difference = 300 ns\n(b) RMS pulse broadening = 86.7 ns\n(c) Maximum bit rate using RMS pulse broadening = 2.3 Mbit/s\n(d) Bandwidth-length product = 13.8 Mhz km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.9, page 121"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsc=86.7                                              #RMS pulse broadening\nL1=6                                                 #optical link\nL=10**3                                              #for 1 Km\nn1=1.5                                               #core refractive index\ndelt=0.01                                            #relative refractive index difference\nc=3*10**8                                            #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nd=sc/L1                                              #for multimode step index fiber\nsg=(L*n1*delt**2)/(20*math.sqrt(3)*c)                #gradient index fiber\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS pulse broadening for multimode step index fiber = %.1f ns K/m'%(d)\nprint'RMS pulse broadening for gradient index fiber = %.1f ps K/m'%(sg*10**12)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS pulse broadening for multimode step index fiber = 14.5 ns K/m\nRMS pulse broadening for gradient index fiber = 14.4 ps K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 18
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.10, page 125"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsh=50                                        #rms spectral width\nL=1                                          #1 Km\nM=250*10**-12                                #material dispersion parameter\nL1=10**3                                     \nNA=0.3                                       #numerical aperture\nn1=1.45                                      #refractive index\nc=2.998*10**8                                #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nsm=sh*L*M                                      #rms pulse broadening\nss=(L1*NA**2)/(4*math.sqrt(3)*n1*c)            #rms pulse broadening per kilometer\nst=math.sqrt(sm**2+ss**2)                      #total rms pulse broadening per kilometer\nBop=0.2/st                                     #bandwidth\u2013length product\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Total RMS pulse broadening per Km = %.1f ns K/m'%(st*10**9)\nprint'(b) Bandwidth length product = %.1f Mhz Km'%(Bop*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Total RMS pulse broadening per Km = 32.4 ns K/m\n(b) Bandwidth length product = 6.2 Mhz Km\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 17
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.11, page 131"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "\n#Variable declaration\nh=1280                                     #wavelength in nm\nS0=0.09*10**-12                            #dispersion slope\nh0=1310                                    #zero dispersion wavlength in nm\nh1=1550                                    #wavelength in nm\nDm=13.5*10**-12                            #material dispersion wavelength in m\nDp=0.4*10**-12                             #profile dispersion wavelength in m\n\n#Calculation\na=h*S0/4\nb=1-((h0*h**-1)**4)\nDt=a*b\nDt1=(h1*S0/4)*(1-(h0*h1**-1)**4)\nDw=Dt1-(Dm+Dp)\n\n#Result\nprint'Total first order dispersion (1280 nm) = %.1f nm^-1 km^-1'%(Dt*10**12)\nprint'Total first order dispersion (1550 nm) = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(Dt1*10**12)\nprint'Waveguide dispersion at wavelength 1.55um = %.1f ps n/m K/m'%(Dw*10**12)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total first order dispersion (1280 nm) = -2.8 nm^-1 km^-1\nTotal first order dispersion (1550 nm) = 17.1 ps n/m K/m\nWaveguide dispersion at wavelength 1.55um = 3.2 ps n/m K/m\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 15
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.12, page 143"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh=0.9*10**-6                               #peak wavelength                           \nLb=0.09                                    #beat length\ns=10**-9                                   #spectral linewidth\n\n\n#Calculation\nBf=h/Lb                                   #modal birefringence\nLbc=h**2/(Bf*s)                             #coherence length\nBxy=(2*math.pi)/Lb                        #difference between propagation constant\n\n#Result\nprint'Modal birefringence, Bf = %.1f x 10^-5' %(Bf*10**5)\nprint'Coherence length, Lf = %.1f m' %Lbc\nprint'Difference between propagation constant = %.1f' %Bxy",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Modal birefringence, Bf = 1.0 x 10^-5\nCoherence length, Lf = 81.0 m\nDifference between propagation constant = 69.8\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.13, page 144"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=1.3*10**-6                                 #fibers operating wavelength\nLs=0.7*10**-3                                #beat length\nL=80                                         #beat length\n\n#Calculation\nBf=h/Ls                                      #Fiber birefringence (0.7mm)\nBf1=h/L                                      #Fiber birefringence (80m)\n\n#Result\nprint'Fiber birefringence (0.7mm) = %.2f x 10^-3'%(Bf*1000)\nprint'Fiber birefringence (80m) = %.2f x 10^-8'%(Bf1*10**8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Fiber birefringence (0.7mm) = 1.86 x 10^-3\nFiber birefringence (80m) = 1.62 x 10^-8\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 3.14, page 150"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nL=3.5*10**3                             #length of fiber\na=2*10**-3                              #tanh(h*L)\n\n\n#Calculation\nh=a/L                                   #mode coupling parameter                                \n\n#Result\nprint'Mode coupling parameter = %.1f x 10^-7 m^-1'%(h*10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Mode coupling parameter = 5.7 x 10^-7 m^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": []
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7a8733a2..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_4"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 4 : Optical fibers and cables"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 4.1, page 196"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nl=0.16*10**-9                                #bond distance\nSt=2.6*10**6                                 #cohesive strength\npsi=6894.76\nE=9*10**10                                   #Young modulus of silica\nC=10**-8\n\n#Calculation\nYp=4*l*St**2/E\nSf=math.sqrt((2*E*Yp)/(math.pi*C))            #Fracture stress for elliptical crack\nStr=Sf/E                                      #Strain\n\n#Result\nprint'Fracture stress for elliptical crack = %.2f x 10^5 psi'%(Sf*10**-5)\nprint'Strain in percentage = %d percent'%(Str*6894.76*100)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [],
-     "prompt_number": "*"
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7a8733a2..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_4"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 4 : Optical fibers and cables"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 4.1, page 196"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nl=0.16*10**-9                                #bond distance\nSt=2.6*10**6                                 #cohesive strength\npsi=6894.76\nE=9*10**10                                   #Young modulus of silica\nC=10**-8\n\n#Calculation\nYp=4*l*St**2/E\nSf=math.sqrt((2*E*Yp)/(math.pi*C))            #Fracture stress for elliptical crack\nStr=Sf/E                                      #Strain\n\n#Result\nprint'Fracture stress for elliptical crack = %.2f x 10^5 psi'%(Sf*10**-5)\nprint'Strain in percentage = %d percent'%(Str*6894.76*100)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [],
-     "prompt_number": "*"
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 0c445b62..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_5"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 5 : Optical fiber connection: joints, couplers and isolators"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.1, page 220"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                 #core refractive index\nn=1.0                                  #refractive index of medium\n\n#Calculation\nr=((n1-n)/(n1+n))**2                   #magnitude of the Fresnel reflection at the fiber\u2013air interface\nLoss=-10*math.log10(1-r)               #loss in decibels at the single interface\nLoss1=2*Loss                           #total loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total loss due to Fresnel reflection = %.2f dB'%Loss1         #loss due to fresnel resolution = 0.18X2 dB\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total loss due to Fresnel reflection = 0.35 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.2, page 224"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                   #refractive index\ny=5                                      #lateral offset of the fiber core axes in um\na=25                                     #radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nb=(16*n1**2)/(math.pi*(1+n1)**4)\nc=math.acos(y*(2*a)**-1)\ne=(y*a**-1)\nf=math.sqrt(1-(y*(2*a)**-1)**2)\nn=b*((2*c)-(e*f))                                             #coupling efficiency \nLoss=-10*math.log10(n)                                         #insertion loss\nna=(math.pi**-1)*((2*c)-(e*f))\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(na) \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Insertion loss = %.3f dB'%Loss\nprint'(b) Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Insertion loss = 0.945 dB\n(b) Insertion loss = 0.59 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.3, page 226"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ny=3                               #lateral misalignment in um\na=25                              #core radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nLt=0.85*(y*a**-1)                     #misalignment loss for guided modes\nn=1-Lt                            #coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(n)            #insertion loss\nLt1=0.75*(y*a**-1)                    #both guided and leaky modes \nn1=1-Lt1                          #coupling efficiency\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(n1)          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Uniform illumination of all guided modes only = %.2f dB'%Loss\nprint'(b) Uniform illumination of all guided and leaky modes = %.2f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Uniform illumination of all guided modes only = 0.47 dB\n(b) Uniform illumination of all guided and leaky modes = 0.41 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.4, page 227"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                  #numerical aperture\nn1=1.48                                 #core refractive index\nang=(5*math.pi)/180                     #angular misalignment (radians)\nNA1=0.4                                 #numerical aperture\n\n#Calculation\nna=((16*(n1)**2)/((1+n1)**4))*(1-(ang/(math.pi*NA)))               #angular coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(na)                                            #insertion loss\nna1=((16*(n1)**2)/((1+n1)**4))*(1-(ang/(math.pi*NA1)))             #angular coupling efficiency\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(na1)                                          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.2) = %.2f dB'%Loss\nprint'Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.4) = %.2f dB'%Loss1         #in textbook, value is not calculated",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.2) = 0.98 dB\nInsertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.4) = 0.64 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.5, page 231"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nV=2.4                                          #normalized frequency\na=4                                            #core radius in um\nNA=0.1                                         #numerical aperture \nn1=1.46                                        #core refractive index\ny=1                                            #lateral misalignment in um\nteta=math.pi/180                               #angular misalignment in rad\n\n#Calculation\nw=a*(0.65+(1.62/V**1.5)+(2.88/V**6))/(2**0.5)  #normalized spot size\nTl=2.17*(y/w)**2                               #loss due to the lateral offset\nTa=2.17*((teta*w*n1*V)/(a*NA))**2              #loss due to angular misalignment\nTt=Tl+Ta                                       #total insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total insertion loss = %.2f dB'%Tt",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total insertion loss = 0.72 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.6, page 232"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nw01=5.6                                   #mode-field radius in um\nw02=4.2                                   #mode-field radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nLoss=-10*math.log10(4*((w02/w01)+(w01/w02))**(-2))      #intrinsic loss \n\n#Result\nprint'Intrinsic loss  = %.2f dB'%Loss",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Intrinsic loss  = 0.35 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.7, page 262"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np1=60                                         #input port power\np2=0.004                                      #output port power\np3=26                                         #output port power\np4=27.5                                       #output port power\n\n\n#Calculation\nxloss=10*math.log10(p1/(p3+p4))              #Excess Loss\niloss1=10*math.log10(p1*p3**-1)                  #Insertion Loss at input\niloss2=10*math.log10(p1/p4)                  #Insertion Loss at output\ncross=10*math.log10(p2/p1)                   #Crosstalk ratio\nsrat=((p3/(p3+p4))*100)                      #Split ratio\n\n#Result\nprint'Excess Loss = %.1f dB'%xloss\nprint'Insertion Loss at input = %.2f dB'%iloss1\nprint'Insertion Loss at output = %.2f dB'%iloss2\nprint'Crosstalk ratio = %.1f dB'%cross\nprint'Split ratio = %.1f percent'%srat",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Excess Loss = 0.5 dB\nInsertion Loss at input = 3.63 dB\nInsertion Loss at output = 3.39 dB\nCrosstalk ratio = -41.8 dB\nSplit ratio = 48.6 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.8, page 266"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nN=32                                           #total no of ports\npi=10**3                                       #optical power at input in micro-watt\npj=14                                          #optical power at input in micro-watt\n\n\n#Calculation\nsloss=10*math.log10(N)                               #splitting loss\nxloss=10*math.log10(pi*(pj*N)**-1)                   #excess loss\ntloss=sloss+xloss                                    #total loss\niloss=10*math.log10(pi*pj**-1)                       #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total loss = %.2f dB'%tloss\nprint'Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%iloss\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total loss = 18.54 dB\nInsertion loss = 18.54 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.9, page 268"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np=16                                       #output ports\nl=0.2                                      #excess loss with split ratio of 50%\nl1=0.1                                     #splice loss\n\n#Calculation\nm=math.log(p)/math.log(2)                  #no of stages\nxloss=(4*l)+(3*l1)                         #excess loss\nsloss=10*math.log10(p)                     #split loss\niloss=sloss+xloss                          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%iloss",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Insertion loss = 13.14 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 10
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.10, page 277"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=1.55*10**-6                      #optical signal wavelength\nN=1.46                             #refractive index\n\n\n#Calculation\nv=h/(2*N)                           #grating period of the FBG\n\n#Result\nprint'Grating period of FBG = %.2f um'%(v*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Grating period of FBG = 0.53 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 0c445b62..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_5"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 5 : Optical fiber connection: joints, couplers and isolators"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.1, page 220"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                 #core refractive index\nn=1.0                                  #refractive index of medium\n\n#Calculation\nr=((n1-n)/(n1+n))**2                   #magnitude of the Fresnel reflection at the fiber\u2013air interface\nLoss=-10*math.log10(1-r)               #loss in decibels at the single interface\nLoss1=2*Loss                           #total loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total loss due to Fresnel reflection = %.2f dB'%Loss1         #loss due to fresnel resolution = 0.18X2 dB\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total loss due to Fresnel reflection = 0.35 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.2, page 224"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=1.5                                   #refractive index\ny=5                                      #lateral offset of the fiber core axes in um\na=25                                     #radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nb=(16*n1**2)/(math.pi*(1+n1)**4)\nc=math.acos(y*(2*a)**-1)\ne=(y*a**-1)\nf=math.sqrt(1-(y*(2*a)**-1)**2)\nn=b*((2*c)-(e*f))                                             #coupling efficiency \nLoss=-10*math.log10(n)                                         #insertion loss\nna=(math.pi**-1)*((2*c)-(e*f))\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(na) \n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Insertion loss = %.3f dB'%Loss\nprint'(b) Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Insertion loss = 0.945 dB\n(b) Insertion loss = 0.59 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.3, page 226"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ny=3                               #lateral misalignment in um\na=25                              #core radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nLt=0.85*(y*a**-1)                     #misalignment loss for guided modes\nn=1-Lt                            #coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(n)            #insertion loss\nLt1=0.75*(y*a**-1)                    #both guided and leaky modes \nn1=1-Lt1                          #coupling efficiency\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(n1)          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Uniform illumination of all guided modes only = %.2f dB'%Loss\nprint'(b) Uniform illumination of all guided and leaky modes = %.2f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Uniform illumination of all guided modes only = 0.47 dB\n(b) Uniform illumination of all guided and leaky modes = 0.41 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.4, page 227"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                  #numerical aperture\nn1=1.48                                 #core refractive index\nang=(5*math.pi)/180                     #angular misalignment (radians)\nNA1=0.4                                 #numerical aperture\n\n#Calculation\nna=((16*(n1)**2)/((1+n1)**4))*(1-(ang/(math.pi*NA)))               #angular coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(na)                                            #insertion loss\nna1=((16*(n1)**2)/((1+n1)**4))*(1-(ang/(math.pi*NA1)))             #angular coupling efficiency\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(na1)                                          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.2) = %.2f dB'%Loss\nprint'Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.4) = %.2f dB'%Loss1         #in textbook, value is not calculated",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Insertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.2) = 0.98 dB\nInsertion loss at a joint (NA = 0.4) = 0.64 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.5, page 231"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nV=2.4                                          #normalized frequency\na=4                                            #core radius in um\nNA=0.1                                         #numerical aperture \nn1=1.46                                        #core refractive index\ny=1                                            #lateral misalignment in um\nteta=math.pi/180                               #angular misalignment in rad\n\n#Calculation\nw=a*(0.65+(1.62/V**1.5)+(2.88/V**6))/(2**0.5)  #normalized spot size\nTl=2.17*(y/w)**2                               #loss due to the lateral offset\nTa=2.17*((teta*w*n1*V)/(a*NA))**2              #loss due to angular misalignment\nTt=Tl+Ta                                       #total insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total insertion loss = %.2f dB'%Tt",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total insertion loss = 0.72 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.6, page 232"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nw01=5.6                                   #mode-field radius in um\nw02=4.2                                   #mode-field radius in um\n\n#Calculation\nLoss=-10*math.log10(4*((w02/w01)+(w01/w02))**(-2))      #intrinsic loss \n\n#Result\nprint'Intrinsic loss  = %.2f dB'%Loss",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Intrinsic loss  = 0.35 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.7, page 262"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np1=60                                         #input port power\np2=0.004                                      #output port power\np3=26                                         #output port power\np4=27.5                                       #output port power\n\n\n#Calculation\nxloss=10*math.log10(p1/(p3+p4))              #Excess Loss\niloss1=10*math.log10(p1*p3**-1)                  #Insertion Loss at input\niloss2=10*math.log10(p1/p4)                  #Insertion Loss at output\ncross=10*math.log10(p2/p1)                   #Crosstalk ratio\nsrat=((p3/(p3+p4))*100)                      #Split ratio\n\n#Result\nprint'Excess Loss = %.1f dB'%xloss\nprint'Insertion Loss at input = %.2f dB'%iloss1\nprint'Insertion Loss at output = %.2f dB'%iloss2\nprint'Crosstalk ratio = %.1f dB'%cross\nprint'Split ratio = %.1f percent'%srat",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Excess Loss = 0.5 dB\nInsertion Loss at input = 3.63 dB\nInsertion Loss at output = 3.39 dB\nCrosstalk ratio = -41.8 dB\nSplit ratio = 48.6 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.8, page 266"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nN=32                                           #total no of ports\npi=10**3                                       #optical power at input in micro-watt\npj=14                                          #optical power at input in micro-watt\n\n\n#Calculation\nsloss=10*math.log10(N)                               #splitting loss\nxloss=10*math.log10(pi*(pj*N)**-1)                   #excess loss\ntloss=sloss+xloss                                    #total loss\niloss=10*math.log10(pi*pj**-1)                       #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Total loss = %.2f dB'%tloss\nprint'Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%iloss\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total loss = 18.54 dB\nInsertion loss = 18.54 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.9, page 268"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\np=16                                       #output ports\nl=0.2                                      #excess loss with split ratio of 50%\nl1=0.1                                     #splice loss\n\n#Calculation\nm=math.log(p)/math.log(2)                  #no of stages\nxloss=(4*l)+(3*l1)                         #excess loss\nsloss=10*math.log10(p)                     #split loss\niloss=sloss+xloss                          #insertion loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Insertion loss = %.2f dB'%iloss",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Insertion loss = 13.14 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 10
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 5.10, page 277"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nh=1.55*10**-6                      #optical signal wavelength\nN=1.46                             #refractive index\n\n\n#Calculation\nv=h/(2*N)                           #grating period of the FBG\n\n#Result\nprint'Grating period of FBG = %.2f um'%(v*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Grating period of FBG = 0.53 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [],
-     "prompt_number": 11
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index fa4189b4..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_6"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 6 - Optical sources 1: the laser\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.1, page 301"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nc=2.998*10**8                              #speed of light in m/s\nh=0.5*10**-6                               #operating wavelength in um\nt=1000                                     #tempreture in K\n\n#Calculation\nf=c/h                                                 #operating frequency\nr=1/math.exp((6.626*10**-34*f)/(1.381*10**-23*t))     #ratio\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio = %.1f x 10^-13 '%(r*10**13)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio = 3.2 x 10^-13 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.2, page 306"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=1.78                                   #refractive index\nL=0.04                                   #length in meter\nh=0.55*10**-6                            #peak emission wavelength in um\nc=2.998*10**8                            #speed of light in meter\n\n#Calculation\nq=2*n*L/h                                #no of longitudinal modes\nsf=c/(2*n*L)                             #frequency separation modes\n\n#Result\nprint'No of longitudinal modes = %.1f x 10^5'%(q/10**5)\nprint'Frequency separation modes = %.1f GHz'%(sf/10**9)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "No of longitudinal modes = 2.6 x 10^5\nFrequency separation modes = 2.1 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.3, page 308"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\na=30                                    #active cavity losses\nL=0.06                                  #length in meter\nr=0.3                                   #reflectivity\n\n\n#Calculation\ngm=a+(1/L)+(1/r)                           #laser gain coefficient\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Laser gain coefficient = %.1f cm^-1'%gm",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Laser gain coefficient = 50.0 cm^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.4, page 315"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nBt1=7.21*10**-10                                  #recombination coefficient of GaAs\nBt2=1.79*10**-15                                  #recombination coefficient of Si\nN=10**18                                          #hole concentration \n\n#Calculation\ntr1=(Bt1*N)**-1                                   #radiative carrier lifetime of GaAs\ntr2=(Bt2*N)**-1                                   #radiative carrier lifetime of Si\n\n#Result\nprint'Radiative carrier lifetime of silicon = %.2f ms'%(tr2*1000)\nprint'Radiative carrier lifetime of gallium arsenide = %.2f ns'%(tr1*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Radiative carrier lifetime of silicon = 0.56 ms\nRadiative carrier lifetime of gallium arsenide = 1.39 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.5, page 322"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn=3.6                                         #refractive index\nB=21*10**-3                                   #gain factor\na=10                                          #loss coefficient per cm\nL=250*10**-4                                  #optical cavity length\nw=100*10**-4                                  #optical cavity width\n\n#Calculation\nr=((n-1)/(n+1))**2                             #reflectivity\njth=(1/B)*(a+math.log(1/r)/L)                  #threshold current density\narea=L*w                                       #area\nith=jth*area                                   #threshold current\n \n#Result\nprint'Threshold current = %.1f mA'%(ith*1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold current = 662.4 mA\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.6, page 330"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nnt=0.18                                  #total efficiency\nE=1.43                                   #bandgap energy\nV=2.5                                    #voltage\n\n\n#Calculation\nnep=nt*(E/V)*100                            #external power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'External power efficiency = %d percent'%nep",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "External power efficiency = 10 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.7, page 352"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt1=20+273                               #tempreture 20 \u00b0C convert to kelvin\nt2=80+273                               #tempreture 80 \u00b0C convert to kelvin\nL1=160                                  #tempreture 160K\nL2=55                                   #tempreture 55K\n\n#Calculation\na=t1*L1**-1                          \nb=t2*L1**-1\nc=t1*L2**-1\nd=t2*L2**-1\nJa1=math.exp(a)                           #For the AlGaAs device\nJa2=math.exp(b)                           #For the AlGaAs device\nJa=Ja2/Ja1                                #ratio of the current densities\nJb1=math.exp(c)                           #For the InGaAsP device\nJb2=math.exp(d)                           #For the InGaAsP device\nJb=Jb2/Jb1                                #ratio of the current densities\n\n#Result\nprint'Threshold current density at 20 \u00b0C = %.2f'%Ja\nprint'                          at 80 \u00b0C = %.2f' %Jb\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold current density at 20 \u00b0C = 1.45\n                          at 80 \u00b0C = 2.98\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.8, page 359"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ns=10**-15                            #RIN value    \nf=100*10**6                          #bandwidth\ne=1.602*10**-19                      #1 electron volt\nn=0.6                                #quantum efficiency\nh=1.55*10**-6                        #wavelength in um\npe=2*10**-3                          #power incident\nB=100*10**6                          #bandwidth\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nsr=s*f                                 \nrin=math.sqrt(sr)                                 #RMS value of power fluctuation\nirn=e*n*h*rin*pe*math.sqrt(B)*10**-4/(h1*c)       #RMS noise current\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) RMS value of power fluctuation = %.2f x 10^-4 W'%(rin*10**4)\nprint'(b) RMS noise current = %.2f x 10^-7 A'%(irn*10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) RMS value of power fluctuation = 3.16 x 10^-4 W\n(b) RMS noise current = 4.74 x 10^-7 A\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index fa4189b4..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_6"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 6 - Optical sources 1: the laser\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.1, page 301"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nc=2.998*10**8                              #speed of light in m/s\nh=0.5*10**-6                               #operating wavelength in um\nt=1000                                     #tempreture in K\n\n#Calculation\nf=c/h                                                 #operating frequency\nr=1/math.exp((6.626*10**-34*f)/(1.381*10**-23*t))     #ratio\n\n#Result\nprint'Ratio = %.1f x 10^-13 '%(r*10**13)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Ratio = 3.2 x 10^-13 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.2, page 306"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=1.78                                   #refractive index\nL=0.04                                   #length in meter\nh=0.55*10**-6                            #peak emission wavelength in um\nc=2.998*10**8                            #speed of light in meter\n\n#Calculation\nq=2*n*L/h                                #no of longitudinal modes\nsf=c/(2*n*L)                             #frequency separation modes\n\n#Result\nprint'No of longitudinal modes = %.1f x 10^5'%(q/10**5)\nprint'Frequency separation modes = %.1f GHz'%(sf/10**9)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "No of longitudinal modes = 2.6 x 10^5\nFrequency separation modes = 2.1 GHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.3, page 308"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\na=30                                    #active cavity losses\nL=0.06                                  #length in meter\nr=0.3                                   #reflectivity\n\n\n#Calculation\ngm=a+(1/L)+(1/r)                           #laser gain coefficient\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Laser gain coefficient = %.1f cm^-1'%gm",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Laser gain coefficient = 50.0 cm^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.4, page 315"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nBt1=7.21*10**-10                                  #recombination coefficient of GaAs\nBt2=1.79*10**-15                                  #recombination coefficient of Si\nN=10**18                                          #hole concentration \n\n#Calculation\ntr1=(Bt1*N)**-1                                   #radiative carrier lifetime of GaAs\ntr2=(Bt2*N)**-1                                   #radiative carrier lifetime of Si\n\n#Result\nprint'Radiative carrier lifetime of silicon = %.2f ms'%(tr2*1000)\nprint'Radiative carrier lifetime of gallium arsenide = %.2f ns'%(tr1*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Radiative carrier lifetime of silicon = 0.56 ms\nRadiative carrier lifetime of gallium arsenide = 1.39 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.5, page 322"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn=3.6                                         #refractive index\nB=21*10**-3                                   #gain factor\na=10                                          #loss coefficient per cm\nL=250*10**-4                                  #optical cavity length\nw=100*10**-4                                  #optical cavity width\n\n#Calculation\nr=((n-1)/(n+1))**2                             #reflectivity\njth=(1/B)*(a+math.log(1/r)/L)                  #threshold current density\narea=L*w                                       #area\nith=jth*area                                   #threshold current\n \n#Result\nprint'Threshold current = %.1f mA'%(ith*1000)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold current = 662.4 mA\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.6, page 330"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nnt=0.18                                  #total efficiency\nE=1.43                                   #bandgap energy\nV=2.5                                    #voltage\n\n\n#Calculation\nnep=nt*(E/V)*100                            #external power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'External power efficiency = %d percent'%nep",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "External power efficiency = 10 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.7, page 352"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt1=20+273                               #tempreture 20 \u00b0C convert to kelvin\nt2=80+273                               #tempreture 80 \u00b0C convert to kelvin\nL1=160                                  #tempreture 160K\nL2=55                                   #tempreture 55K\n\n#Calculation\na=t1*L1**-1                          \nb=t2*L1**-1\nc=t1*L2**-1\nd=t2*L2**-1\nJa1=math.exp(a)                           #For the AlGaAs device\nJa2=math.exp(b)                           #For the AlGaAs device\nJa=Ja2/Ja1                                #ratio of the current densities\nJb1=math.exp(c)                           #For the InGaAsP device\nJb2=math.exp(d)                           #For the InGaAsP device\nJb=Jb2/Jb1                                #ratio of the current densities\n\n#Result\nprint'Threshold current density at 20 \u00b0C = %.2f'%Ja\nprint'                          at 80 \u00b0C = %.2f' %Jb\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Threshold current density at 20 \u00b0C = 1.45\n                          at 80 \u00b0C = 2.98\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 6.8, page 359"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ns=10**-15                            #RIN value    \nf=100*10**6                          #bandwidth\ne=1.602*10**-19                      #1 electron volt\nn=0.6                                #quantum efficiency\nh=1.55*10**-6                        #wavelength in um\npe=2*10**-3                          #power incident\nB=100*10**6                          #bandwidth\nh1=6.626*10**-34                     #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                        #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nsr=s*f                                 \nrin=math.sqrt(sr)                                 #RMS value of power fluctuation\nirn=e*n*h*rin*pe*math.sqrt(B)*10**-4/(h1*c)       #RMS noise current\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) RMS value of power fluctuation = %.2f x 10^-4 W'%(rin*10**4)\nprint'(b) RMS noise current = %.2f x 10^-7 A'%(irn*10**7)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) RMS value of power fluctuation = 3.16 x 10^-4 W\n(b) RMS noise current = 4.74 x 10^-7 A\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7150478c..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_7"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 2 - Optical sources 2: the light-emitting diode\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.1, page 401"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ntr=60*10**-9                             #radiative ecombination lifetime\ntnr=100*10**-9                           #nonradiative ecombination lifetime\nh=6.626*10**-34                          #plancks const\nc=2.998*10**8                           #speed of light\ni=40*10**-3                             #drive current\ne=1.602*10**-19                          #1 electron volt\nh1=0.87*10**-6                           #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nt=(tr*tnr)/(tr+tnr)                      #total carrier recombination lifetime\nn=t/tr                                   #quantum efficiency \npin=n*h*c*i/(e*h1)                       #internal power generated\n\n#Result\nprint'Total carrier recombination lifetime = %.1f ns'%(t*10**9)\nprint'Power internally generated = %.1f mW'%(pin*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total carrier recombination lifetime = 37.5 ns\nPower internally generated = 35.6 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.2, page 402"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nF=0.68                                       #crystal\u2013air interface\nn=1                                           #refractive index of air\nnx=3.6                                        #refractive index of Ga\n\n\n#Calculation\npe=(F*n**2)/(4*nx**2)                         #Optical power emitted\nn1=pe*100/2                                   #External power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power emitted = %.3f *Pint'%(pe)\nprint'External power efficiency = %.2f percent'%n1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power emitted = 0.013 *Pint\nExternal power efficiency = 0.66 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.3, page 404"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                 #numerical aperture\npe=0.013                               #optical power emitted\n\n#Calculation\nnc=NA**2                               #coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(nc)                #optical loss\npc=nc*pe                               #coupling power\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(pc)               #internal power relative loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Coupling efficiency = %.2f'%nc\nprint'Optical loss = %.1f dB'%Loss\nprint'Loss due internal optical power = %.1f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Coupling efficiency = 0.04\nOptical loss = 14.0 dB\nLoss due internal optical power = 32.8 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.4, page 409"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nr=0.01                                       #fresnel reflection coefficient \nRd=30                                        #radiance\nNA=0.15                                      #numerical aperture\na=25*10**-4                                  \n\n#Calculation\nA=math.pi*a**2                               #emission area\npc=math.pi*(1-r)*A*Rd*NA**2                  #optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power = %.1f uW'%(pc*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power = 41.2 uW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.5, page 421"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npc=190*10**-6                              #optical power\np=25*10**-3                                #forward current\nv=1.5                                     #voltage\n\n\n#Calculation\nn=(pc/(p*v))*100                        #power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall power efficiency = %.1f percent'%n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Overall power efficiency = 0.5 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.7, page 430"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npdc=300*10**-6                            #optical output power\nf=20*10**6                                #frequency in hertz\nti=5*10**-9                               #minority carrier recombination lifetime\nf2=100*10**6                              #frequency in hertz\nt=10**-8\nw=math.sqrt(3)\n\n#Calculation\npe1=pdc/math.sqrt(1+(2*math.pi*f*ti)**2)     #Optical output power (f=20 MHz)\npe2=pdc/math.sqrt(1+(2*math.pi*f2*ti)**2)    #Optical output power (f=100 MHz)\nf=w/(math.pi*t)\nB=f/math.sqrt(2)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Optical output power (f=20 MHz) = %.2f uW'%(pe1*10**6)\nprint'(b) Optical output power (f=100 MHz) = %.2f uW'%(pe2*10**6)\nprint'Electrical bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Optical output power (f=20 MHz) = 254.02 uW\n(b) Optical output power (f=100 MHz) = 90.99 uW\nElectrical bandwidth = 39.0 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.8, page 435"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nbo=1.84*10**7                                       #proportionality constant\ne=-1.602*10**-19                                    #charge of electron\nk=1.38*10**-23                                      #boltzman constant\nt1=290                                               #tempreture in kelvin\nexp=0.67\n\n\n\n#Calculation\nbt=bo*math.exp(e/(k*t1))                         #degradation rate\nt=-math.log(exp)/bt                                #operating lifetime\n\n#Result\nprint'CW operating lifetime = %.1f x 10^9 h'%(t*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "CW operating lifetime = 5.3 x 10^9 h\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7150478c..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_7"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 2 - Optical sources 2: the light-emitting diode\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.1, page 401"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ntr=60*10**-9                             #radiative ecombination lifetime\ntnr=100*10**-9                           #nonradiative ecombination lifetime\nh=6.626*10**-34                          #plancks const\nc=2.998*10**8                           #speed of light\ni=40*10**-3                             #drive current\ne=1.602*10**-19                          #1 electron volt\nh1=0.87*10**-6                           #wavelength\n\n#Calculation\nt=(tr*tnr)/(tr+tnr)                      #total carrier recombination lifetime\nn=t/tr                                   #quantum efficiency \npin=n*h*c*i/(e*h1)                       #internal power generated\n\n#Result\nprint'Total carrier recombination lifetime = %.1f ns'%(t*10**9)\nprint'Power internally generated = %.1f mW'%(pin*10**3)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Total carrier recombination lifetime = 37.5 ns\nPower internally generated = 35.6 mW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.2, page 402"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nF=0.68                                       #crystal\u2013air interface\nn=1                                           #refractive index of air\nnx=3.6                                        #refractive index of Ga\n\n\n#Calculation\npe=(F*n**2)/(4*nx**2)                         #Optical power emitted\nn1=pe*100/2                                   #External power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power emitted = %.3f *Pint'%(pe)\nprint'External power efficiency = %.2f percent'%n1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power emitted = 0.013 *Pint\nExternal power efficiency = 0.66 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.3, page 404"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nNA=0.2                                 #numerical aperture\npe=0.013                               #optical power emitted\n\n#Calculation\nnc=NA**2                               #coupling efficiency\nLoss=-10*math.log10(nc)                #optical loss\npc=nc*pe                               #coupling power\nLoss1=-10*math.log10(pc)               #internal power relative loss\n\n#Result\nprint'Coupling efficiency = %.2f'%nc\nprint'Optical loss = %.1f dB'%Loss\nprint'Loss due internal optical power = %.1f dB'%Loss1",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Coupling efficiency = 0.04\nOptical loss = 14.0 dB\nLoss due internal optical power = 32.8 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.4, page 409"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nr=0.01                                       #fresnel reflection coefficient \nRd=30                                        #radiance\nNA=0.15                                      #numerical aperture\na=25*10**-4                                  \n\n#Calculation\nA=math.pi*a**2                               #emission area\npc=math.pi*(1-r)*A*Rd*NA**2                  #optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'Optical power = %.1f uW'%(pc*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical power = 41.2 uW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.5, page 421"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npc=190*10**-6                              #optical power\np=25*10**-3                                #forward current\nv=1.5                                     #voltage\n\n\n#Calculation\nn=(pc/(p*v))*100                        #power efficiency\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall power efficiency = %.1f percent'%n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Overall power efficiency = 0.5 percent\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.7, page 430"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npdc=300*10**-6                            #optical output power\nf=20*10**6                                #frequency in hertz\nti=5*10**-9                               #minority carrier recombination lifetime\nf2=100*10**6                              #frequency in hertz\nt=10**-8\nw=math.sqrt(3)\n\n#Calculation\npe1=pdc/math.sqrt(1+(2*math.pi*f*ti)**2)     #Optical output power (f=20 MHz)\npe2=pdc/math.sqrt(1+(2*math.pi*f2*ti)**2)    #Optical output power (f=100 MHz)\nf=w/(math.pi*t)\nB=f/math.sqrt(2)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Optical output power (f=20 MHz) = %.2f uW'%(pe1*10**6)\nprint'(b) Optical output power (f=100 MHz) = %.2f uW'%(pe2*10**6)\nprint'Electrical bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Optical output power (f=20 MHz) = 254.02 uW\n(b) Optical output power (f=100 MHz) = 90.99 uW\nElectrical bandwidth = 39.0 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 7.8, page 435"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nbo=1.84*10**7                                       #proportionality constant\ne=-1.602*10**-19                                    #charge of electron\nk=1.38*10**-23                                      #boltzman constant\nt1=290                                               #tempreture in kelvin\nexp=0.67\n\n\n\n#Calculation\nbt=bo*math.exp(e/(k*t1))                         #degradation rate\nt=-math.log(exp)/bt                                #operating lifetime\n\n#Result\nprint'CW operating lifetime = %.1f x 10^9 h'%(t*10**-9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "CW operating lifetime = 5.3 x 10^9 h\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 057f59a0..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_8"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter - 8 : Optical detectors"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.1, page 454"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=1.2*10**11                           #no of electrons\nm=3*10**11                             #no of photons\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=0.85*10**-6                          #wavelength\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nQ=n/m                                  #quantum efficiency\nR=(Q*e*h)/(h1*c)                       #responsivity\n\n#Result\nprint'Quantum efficiency = %.1f '%Q\nprint'Responsivity = %.3f A W^-1'%R",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Quantum efficiency = 0.4 \nResponsivity = 0.274 A W^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.2, page 454"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nE=1.5*10**-19                          #energy of photons\nn=0.65                              #quantum efficiency\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nio=25*10**-6                          #photocurrent\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/E                          #wavelength\nR=(n*e)/(E)                       #responsivity\npo=io/R                           #incident optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Wavelength = %.2f um'%(h*10**6)\nprint'(b) Incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Wavelength = 1.32 um\n(b) Incident optical power = 36.01 uW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.3, page 456"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nE=1.43                                 #bandgap energy in eV\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/(E*e)                             #wavelength\n\n#Result\nprint'Wavelength = %.3f um'%(h*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Wavelength = 0.867 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.4, page 463"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nw=20*10**-6                                   #width\nvd=10**5                                      #drift velocity\nr=500*10**-6                                  #diameter in meter\nes=10.5*10**-13                               #permitivity\n\n#Calculation\ntd=w/vd                                      #drift time\nA=math.pi*r**2                               #area\ncj=es*A/w                                   #junction capacitance\n\n#Result\nprint'Drift time = %.1f x 10^-10 S'%(td*10**10)\nprint'Junction capacitance = %.2f x 10^-13 F'%(cj*10**13)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Drift time = 2.0 x 10^-10 S\nJunction capacitance = 0.41 x 10^-13 F\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.5, page 464"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nvd=3*10**4                                      #drift velocity\nw=25*10**-6                                   #width\n\n#Calculation\nBm=vd/(2*math.pi*w)                            #maximum bandwidth\ntr=1/Bm                                        #maximum response time\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum response time = %.1f ns'%(tr*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum response time = 5.2 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.6, page 470"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nl=8*10**-9                              #dark current\nn=0.55                                  #quantum efficiency\nh=1.3*10**-6                            #wavelength\nA=100*50*10**-12\n\n#Calculation\nnep=(h1*c*math.sqrt(2*e*l))/(n*e*h)     #Noise equivalent power\nD=math.sqrt(A)/nep                      #Specific detectivity\n\n#Result\nprint'Noise equivalent power = %.2f x 10^-14 W'%(nep*10**14)\nprint'Specific detectivity = %.1f x 10^8 m Hz^(1/2) W^-1'%(D*10**-8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Noise equivalent power = 8.78 x 10^-14 W\nSpecific detectivity = 8.1 x 10^8 m Hz^(1/2) W^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.7, page 482"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nn=0.8                                  #quantum efficiency\nh=0.9*10**-6                          #wavelength\npo=0.5*10**-6                          #incident optical power\nI=11*10**-6                            #output current\n\n#Calculation\nR=(n*e*h)/(h1*c)                       #resposivity\nIp=po*R                                #photocurrent\nM=I/Ip                                 #multiplication factor\n\n#Result\nprint'Multiplication factor = %.2f '%M\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Multiplication factor = 37.89 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.8, page 487"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=1.26*10**-6                          #wavelength\nIc=15*10**-3                           #collector current\npo=125*10**-6                          #incident optical power\nn=0.4                                   #quantum efficiency\n\n#Calculation\ngo=(h1*c*Ic)/(h*e*po)                     #Optical gain\nhfe=go/n                                   #Common emitter current gain\n \n#Result\nprint'Optical gain, Go = %.1f'%go\nprint'Common emitter current gain, hfe = %.1f '%hfe",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical gain, Go = 118.1\nCommon emitter current gain, hfe = 295.2 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.9, page 491"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt=5*10**-12                                    #electron transit time\nG=70                                          #Optical gain\n\n#Calculation\nB=1/(2*math.pi*t*G)                           #Maximum 3dB bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum bandwidth = 454.7 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 057f59a0..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_8"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter - 8 : Optical detectors"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.1, page 454"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#Variable declaration\nn=1.2*10**11                           #no of electrons\nm=3*10**11                             #no of photons\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=0.85*10**-6                          #wavelength\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\n\n#Calculation\nQ=n/m                                  #quantum efficiency\nR=(Q*e*h)/(h1*c)                       #responsivity\n\n#Result\nprint'Quantum efficiency = %.1f '%Q\nprint'Responsivity = %.3f A W^-1'%R",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Quantum efficiency = 0.4 \nResponsivity = 0.274 A W^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 1
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.2, page 454"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nE=1.5*10**-19                          #energy of photons\nn=0.65                              #quantum efficiency\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nio=25*10**-6                          #photocurrent\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/E                          #wavelength\nR=(n*e)/(E)                       #responsivity\npo=io/R                           #incident optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Wavelength = %.2f um'%(h*10**6)\nprint'(b) Incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Wavelength = 1.32 um\n(b) Incident optical power = 36.01 uW\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.3, page 456"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nE=1.43                                 #bandgap energy in eV\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/(E*e)                             #wavelength\n\n#Result\nprint'Wavelength = %.3f um'%(h*10**6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Wavelength = 0.867 um\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.4, page 463"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nw=20*10**-6                                   #width\nvd=10**5                                      #drift velocity\nr=500*10**-6                                  #diameter in meter\nes=10.5*10**-13                               #permitivity\n\n#Calculation\ntd=w/vd                                      #drift time\nA=math.pi*r**2                               #area\ncj=es*A/w                                   #junction capacitance\n\n#Result\nprint'Drift time = %.1f x 10^-10 S'%(td*10**10)\nprint'Junction capacitance = %.2f x 10^-13 F'%(cj*10**13)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Drift time = 2.0 x 10^-10 S\nJunction capacitance = 0.41 x 10^-13 F\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.5, page 464"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nvd=3*10**4                                      #drift velocity\nw=25*10**-6                                   #width\n\n#Calculation\nBm=vd/(2*math.pi*w)                            #maximum bandwidth\ntr=1/Bm                                        #maximum response time\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum response time = %.1f ns'%(tr*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum response time = 5.2 ns\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.6, page 470"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nl=8*10**-9                              #dark current\nn=0.55                                  #quantum efficiency\nh=1.3*10**-6                            #wavelength\nA=100*50*10**-12\n\n#Calculation\nnep=(h1*c*math.sqrt(2*e*l))/(n*e*h)     #Noise equivalent power\nD=math.sqrt(A)/nep                      #Specific detectivity\n\n#Result\nprint'Noise equivalent power = %.2f x 10^-14 W'%(nep*10**14)\nprint'Specific detectivity = %.1f x 10^8 m Hz^(1/2) W^-1'%(D*10**-8)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Noise equivalent power = 8.78 x 10^-14 W\nSpecific detectivity = 8.1 x 10^8 m Hz^(1/2) W^-1\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 6
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.7, page 482"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nn=0.8                                  #quantum efficiency\nh=0.9*10**-6                          #wavelength\npo=0.5*10**-6                          #incident optical power\nI=11*10**-6                            #output current\n\n#Calculation\nR=(n*e*h)/(h1*c)                       #resposivity\nIp=po*R                                #photocurrent\nM=I/Ip                                 #multiplication factor\n\n#Result\nprint'Multiplication factor = %.2f '%M\n",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Multiplication factor = 37.89 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 7
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.8, page 487"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=1.26*10**-6                          #wavelength\nIc=15*10**-3                           #collector current\npo=125*10**-6                          #incident optical power\nn=0.4                                   #quantum efficiency\n\n#Calculation\ngo=(h1*c*Ic)/(h*e*po)                     #Optical gain\nhfe=go/n                                   #Common emitter current gain\n \n#Result\nprint'Optical gain, Go = %.1f'%go\nprint'Common emitter current gain, hfe = %.1f '%hfe",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optical gain, Go = 118.1\nCommon emitter current gain, hfe = 295.2 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 8
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 8.9, page 491"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nt=5*10**-12                                    #electron transit time\nG=70                                          #Optical gain\n\n#Calculation\nB=1/(2*math.pi*t*G)                           #Maximum 3dB bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximum bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximum bandwidth = 454.7 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 42d197be..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_9"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 9 :Direct detection receiver performance considerations\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.1, page 506"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nzm=20.7                               #average number of photons\nh=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nf=2.998*10**14                        #frequency in hertz         \nn=1                                   #for ideal detector\nBt=10**7                              #bit rate\n\n#Calculation\npo=zm*h*f*Bt/(2*n)                     #output power in binary\npod=10*math.log10(po)                  #output power in dBW\npod1=10*math.log10(po*10**3)           #output power in dBm\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum incident optical power = %.1f dBW'%(pod)\nprint'                               = %.1f dBm'%(pod1)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum incident optical power = -106.9 dBW\n                               = -76.9 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 26
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.2, page 508"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsn=50/10                            #signal to noise ratio in dB\nf=2.998*10**14                      #frequency in hertz\nn=1                                  #for an ideal detector\nB=5*10**6                            #bandwidth\nh=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\n\n#Calculation\nSN=10**(sn)                                            \npo=SN*f*2*h*B/n                        #incident optical power\npdb=10*math.log10(po*10**3)            #incident optical power in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Incident optical power = %.1f nW '%(po*10**9)\nprint'                in dB  = %.1f dBm'%(pdb)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incident optical power = 198.6 nW \n                in dB  = -37.0 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.3, page 512"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=200*10**-9                          #incident optical power in W\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=0.9*10**-6                           #operating wavelength\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nK=1.38*10**-23                         #boltzman constant\nT=293                                  #tempreture in kelvin\nn=0.6                                  #quantum efficiency\nB=5*10**6                              #post-detection bandwidth  \nib=3*10**-9                            #dark current in ampere\nRl=4*10**3                             #load resistance\n\n#Calculation\nip=n*po*e*h/(h1*c)                     #photocurrent\ni2=2*e*B*(ib+ip)                       #total shot noise current\ni2rms=math.sqrt(i2)                    #RMS value \nit=4*K*T*B/Rl                          #thermal noise current\nitrms=math.sqrt(it)                    #RMS value\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS shot noise current = %.2f x10^-10 A'%(i2rms*10**10)\nprint'RMS thermal noise current = %.2f x10^-9 A'%(itrms*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS shot noise current = 3.80 x10^-10 A\nRMS thermal noise current = 4.50 x10^-9 A\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.4, page 514"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nip=87.1*10**-9                                  #photocurrent\nits=1.44*10**-19                                #rms shot noise current  \nit=2.02*10**-17                                  #rms thermal noise current\nfd=0.3                                           #frequency in 3 dB\n\n#Calculation\nf=10**(fd)\nsn=ip**2/(its+(it*f))                            #signal to noise ratio\nsnr=10*math.log10(sn)                            #signal to noise ratio in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'SNR at output = %.2f dB'%snr",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "SNR at output = 22.73 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 39
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.5, page 516"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nB=8*10**6                                    #post detection bandwidth\nCd=6*10**-12                                #capacitance in farad\nCa=12*10**-12                               #input capacitance in farad\n\n\n#Calculation\nRl=1/(2*math.pi*Cd*B)                       #maximum load resistance\nB1=1/(2*math.pi*Rl*Ca)                      #maximum bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximu load resistance = %.2f K\u03a9'%(Rl*10**-3)\nprint'Maximum bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B1*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximu load resistance = 3.32 K\u03a9\nMaximum bandwidth = 4.0 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.6, page 518"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nB=50*10**6                                    #post detection bandwidth\nCd=5*10**-12                                #capacitance in farad\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #1 electron volt\nK=1.38*10**-23                              #boltzman constant\nT=291                                         #tempreture in kelvin\nib=10**-7                                     #photocurrent before gain\nx=0.3\n\n#Calculation\nRl=1/(2*math.pi*Cd*B)                            #maximum value of the load resistor\na=2*e*B*ib                                         #shot noise\nb=4*K*T*B/Rl                                       #thermal noise\nsn=ib**2/(a+b)                                    #SNR, when M = 1,\nsnd=10*math.log10(sn)                             #SNR in dB\nMop=((4*K*T)/(x*e*Rl*ib))**0.435\nsn1=(Mop**2*ib**2)/((2*e*B*ib*Mop**2.3)+b)         #SNR, when M = Mop,\nsdb=10*math.log10(sn1)                             #SNR in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'SNR (M=1) = %.2f dB'%(snd)\nprint'SNR (M=Mop) = %.1f dB'%(sdb)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "SNR (M=1) = 8.99 dB\nSNR (M=Mop) = 32.5 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.7, page 520"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne=1.602*10**-19                            #1 electron volt\nK=1.38*10**-23                             #boltzman constant\nT=120                                      #tempreture in kelvin\nB=10**7                                    #post detection bandwidth\nsn=3.5                                     #SNR/10\nfn=0.1                                     #noise figure/10\nRl=10**4                                   #load resistance\n\n#Calculation\nsn1=10**(sn)\nfn1=10**(fn)\na=12*K*T*B*fn1/Rl\nb=((4*K*T*fn1)/(1.1*e*Rl))**0.667\nIp=(sn1*a/b)**0.75                           #minimum photocurrent\nMop=((4*K*T*fn1)/(e*Ip*1.1*10**3))**0.334    #optimum avalanche multiplication factor\n\n#Result\nprint'Optimum avalanche multiplication factor = %.1f '%(Mop)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optimum avalanche multiplication factor = 8.9 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.8, page 528"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nr1=4*10**6                                   #effective input resistance in ohm\nr2=8*10**6                                   #resistance in ohm\nct=6*10**-12                                 #total capacitance in farad\nK=1.38*10**-23                               #boltzman constant\nT=300                                        #tempreture in kelvin\nRf=10**5                                     #feedback resitor\nG=400                                        #open loop gain\n\n#Calculation\nRt=(r1**2)/r2                                #total effective load resistance\nB=1/(2*math.pi*Rt*ct)                        #maximum bandwidth\ni2=4*K*T/Rt                                  #for highimpedance config\nB1=G/(2*math.pi*Rf*ct)                       #maximum bandwidth for transimpedance config\nit=4*K*T/(Rf)                                #for transimpedance\n\n#transimpedance configuration factor of 20 greater than that obtained high-input-impedance configuration.\nn=it/i2\nndb=10*math.log10(n)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Maximum bandwidth = %.2f x10^4 Hz'%(B*10**-4)\nprint'(b) Mean square thermal noise current (high impedance config)= %.2f x10^-27 A^2 Hz^-1'%(i2*10**27)\nprint'\\n(c) Maximum bandwidth for transimpedance = %.2f X 10^6 Hz'%(B1*10**-8)\nprint'      Mean square thermal noise current (transimpedance config) = %.2f x10^-25 A^2 Hz^-1'%(it*10**25)\nprint'      Ratio of these noise power = %d dB'%ndb",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Maximum bandwidth = 1.33 x10^4 Hz\n(b) Mean square thermal noise current (high impedance config)= 8.28 x10^-27 A^2 Hz^-1\n\n(c) Maximum bandwidth for transimpedance = 1.06 X 10^6 Hz\n      Mean square thermal noise current (transimpedance config) = 1.66 x10^-25 A^2 Hz^-1\n      Ratio of these noise power = 13 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 21
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 42d197be..00000000
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9_2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter_9"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
-  {
-   "cells": [
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 1,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 9 :Direct detection receiver performance considerations\n"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.1, page 506"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nzm=20.7                               #average number of photons\nh=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nf=2.998*10**14                        #frequency in hertz         \nn=1                                   #for ideal detector\nBt=10**7                              #bit rate\n\n#Calculation\npo=zm*h*f*Bt/(2*n)                     #output power in binary\npod=10*math.log10(po)                  #output power in dBW\npod1=10*math.log10(po*10**3)           #output power in dBm\n\n#Result\nprint'Minimum incident optical power = %.1f dBW'%(pod)\nprint'                               = %.1f dBm'%(pod1)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Minimum incident optical power = -106.9 dBW\n                               = -76.9 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 26
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.2, page 508"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nsn=50/10                            #signal to noise ratio in dB\nf=2.998*10**14                      #frequency in hertz\nn=1                                  #for an ideal detector\nB=5*10**6                            #bandwidth\nh=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\n\n#Calculation\nSN=10**(sn)                                            \npo=SN*f*2*h*B/n                        #incident optical power\npdb=10*math.log10(po*10**3)            #incident optical power in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'Incident optical power = %.1f nW '%(po*10**9)\nprint'                in dB  = %.1f dBm'%(pdb)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Incident optical power = 198.6 nW \n                in dB  = -37.0 dBm\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 3
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.3, page 512"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\npo=200*10**-9                          #incident optical power in W\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nh=0.9*10**-6                           #operating wavelength\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nK=1.38*10**-23                         #boltzman constant\nT=293                                  #tempreture in kelvin\nn=0.6                                  #quantum efficiency\nB=5*10**6                              #post-detection bandwidth  \nib=3*10**-9                            #dark current in ampere\nRl=4*10**3                             #load resistance\n\n#Calculation\nip=n*po*e*h/(h1*c)                     #photocurrent\ni2=2*e*B*(ib+ip)                       #total shot noise current\ni2rms=math.sqrt(i2)                    #RMS value \nit=4*K*T*B/Rl                          #thermal noise current\nitrms=math.sqrt(it)                    #RMS value\n\n#Result\nprint'RMS shot noise current = %.2f x10^-10 A'%(i2rms*10**10)\nprint'RMS thermal noise current = %.2f x10^-9 A'%(itrms*10**9)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "RMS shot noise current = 3.80 x10^-10 A\nRMS thermal noise current = 4.50 x10^-9 A\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 4
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.4, page 514"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nip=87.1*10**-9                                  #photocurrent\nits=1.44*10**-19                                #rms shot noise current  \nit=2.02*10**-17                                  #rms thermal noise current\nfd=0.3                                           #frequency in 3 dB\n\n#Calculation\nf=10**(fd)\nsn=ip**2/(its+(it*f))                            #signal to noise ratio\nsnr=10*math.log10(sn)                            #signal to noise ratio in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'SNR at output = %.2f dB'%snr",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "SNR at output = 22.73 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 39
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.5, page 516"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nB=8*10**6                                    #post detection bandwidth\nCd=6*10**-12                                #capacitance in farad\nCa=12*10**-12                               #input capacitance in farad\n\n\n#Calculation\nRl=1/(2*math.pi*Cd*B)                       #maximum load resistance\nB1=1/(2*math.pi*Rl*Ca)                      #maximum bandwidth\n\n#Result\nprint'Maximu load resistance = %.2f K\u03a9'%(Rl*10**-3)\nprint'Maximum bandwidth = %.1f MHz'%(B1*10**-6)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Maximu load resistance = 3.32 K\u03a9\nMaximum bandwidth = 4.0 MHz\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 9
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.6, page 518"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nB=50*10**6                                    #post detection bandwidth\nCd=5*10**-12                                #capacitance in farad\ne=1.602*10**-19                             #1 electron volt\nK=1.38*10**-23                              #boltzman constant\nT=291                                         #tempreture in kelvin\nib=10**-7                                     #photocurrent before gain\nx=0.3\n\n#Calculation\nRl=1/(2*math.pi*Cd*B)                            #maximum value of the load resistor\na=2*e*B*ib                                         #shot noise\nb=4*K*T*B/Rl                                       #thermal noise\nsn=ib**2/(a+b)                                    #SNR, when M = 1,\nsnd=10*math.log10(sn)                             #SNR in dB\nMop=((4*K*T)/(x*e*Rl*ib))**0.435\nsn1=(Mop**2*ib**2)/((2*e*B*ib*Mop**2.3)+b)         #SNR, when M = Mop,\nsdb=10*math.log10(sn1)                             #SNR in dB\n\n#Result\nprint'SNR (M=1) = %.2f dB'%(snd)\nprint'SNR (M=Mop) = %.1f dB'%(sdb)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "SNR (M=1) = 8.99 dB\nSNR (M=Mop) = 32.5 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 16
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.7, page 520"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\ne=1.602*10**-19                            #1 electron volt\nK=1.38*10**-23                             #boltzman constant\nT=120                                      #tempreture in kelvin\nB=10**7                                    #post detection bandwidth\nsn=3.5                                     #SNR/10\nfn=0.1                                     #noise figure/10\nRl=10**4                                   #load resistance\n\n#Calculation\nsn1=10**(sn)\nfn1=10**(fn)\na=12*K*T*B*fn1/Rl\nb=((4*K*T*fn1)/(1.1*e*Rl))**0.667\nIp=(sn1*a/b)**0.75                           #minimum photocurrent\nMop=((4*K*T*fn1)/(e*Ip*1.1*10**3))**0.334    #optimum avalanche multiplication factor\n\n#Result\nprint'Optimum avalanche multiplication factor = %.1f '%(Mop)",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Optimum avalanche multiplication factor = 8.9 \n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 22
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
-     "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example 9.8, page 528"
-    },
-    {
-     "cell_type": "code",
-     "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nr1=4*10**6                                   #effective input resistance in ohm\nr2=8*10**6                                   #resistance in ohm\nct=6*10**-12                                 #total capacitance in farad\nK=1.38*10**-23                               #boltzman constant\nT=300                                        #tempreture in kelvin\nRf=10**5                                     #feedback resitor\nG=400                                        #open loop gain\n\n#Calculation\nRt=(r1**2)/r2                                #total effective load resistance\nB=1/(2*math.pi*Rt*ct)                        #maximum bandwidth\ni2=4*K*T/Rt                                  #for highimpedance config\nB1=G/(2*math.pi*Rf*ct)                       #maximum bandwidth for transimpedance config\nit=4*K*T/(Rf)                                #for transimpedance\n\n#transimpedance configuration factor of 20 greater than that obtained high-input-impedance configuration.\nn=it/i2\nndb=10*math.log10(n)\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Maximum bandwidth = %.2f x10^4 Hz'%(B*10**-4)\nprint'(b) Mean square thermal noise current (high impedance config)= %.2f x10^-27 A^2 Hz^-1'%(i2*10**27)\nprint'\\n(c) Maximum bandwidth for transimpedance = %.2f X 10^6 Hz'%(B1*10**-8)\nprint'      Mean square thermal noise current (transimpedance config) = %.2f x10^-25 A^2 Hz^-1'%(it*10**25)\nprint'      Ratio of these noise power = %d dB'%ndb",
-     "language": "python",
-     "metadata": {},
-     "outputs": [
-      {
-       "output_type": "stream",
-       "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Maximum bandwidth = 1.33 x10^4 Hz\n(b) Mean square thermal noise current (high impedance config)= 8.28 x10^-27 A^2 Hz^-1\n\n(c) Maximum bandwidth for transimpedance = 1.06 X 10^6 Hz\n      Mean square thermal noise current (transimpedance config) = 1.66 x10^-25 A^2 Hz^-1\n      Ratio of these noise power = 13 dB\n"
-      }
-     ],
-     "prompt_number": 21
-    }
-   ],
-   "metadata": {}
-  }
- ]
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_10.ipynb
index 077ac9f5..077ac9f5 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter10.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_10.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11_1.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_11.ipynb
index 77cd82ac..fd7eec66 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter11_1.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_11.ipynb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 1,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Chapter 1 : Integrated optics and photonics"
+     "source": "Chapter 11 : Integrated optics and photonics"
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
@@ -54,6 +54,27 @@
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": "Example 11.3, page 631"
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nn1=8                                #no of bands\nN1=0                                #no of channels between any two bands\nN2=1                                #no of channels between any two bands\nN3=2                                #no of channels between any two bands\nM=4                                 #no of channels in each band\n\n#Calculation\nCs1=(n1-1)*N1                       #total number of channels skipped \nCt1=(n1*M)+Cs1                      #total number of channels for 4 skip-0 scheme\nCs2=(n1-1)*N2                       #total number of channels skipped \nCt2=(n1*M)+Cs2                      #total number of channels for 4 skip-1 scheme\nCs3=(n1-1)*N3                       #total number of channels skipped \nCt3=(n1*M)+Cs3                      #total number of channels for 4 skip-2 scheme\n\n#Result\nprint'Total number ofchannels required for each interleaver band filter'\nprint'(i) 4-skip-0:'\nprint'     Ctotal = %d'%Ct1\nprint'(ii) 4-skip-1:'\nprint'     Ctotal = %d'%Ct2\nprint'(iii) 4-skip-2:'\nprint'     Ctotal = %d'%Ct3",
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": "Total number ofchannels required for each interleaver band filter\n(i) 4-skip-0:\n     Ctotal = 32\n(ii) 4-skip-1:\n     Ctotal = 39\n(iii) 4-skip-2:\n     Ctotal = 46\n"
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
     }
    ],
    "metadata": {}
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_12.ipynb
index 288c514a..38f7d751 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter12.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_12.ipynb
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "%pylab inline\nimport math\nfrom pylab import *\nfrom numpy import *\n\n#Variable declaration\nacr=1                                     #connector loss in dB\nafc=5                                     #loss per kilometer in dB\nLbu=0.1                                   #fiber length between each of the access couplers\nLac=1                                     #insertion loss\nLtr=10                                    #loss due to the tap ratio\nLsp=3                                     #splitting loss\n \n#Calculating, we get two equation in terms of N, no of nodes, i.e C(1,N-1)=(3.5*N)+8.5 and C(star)=4.5+(10*log10(N)) \n\n#For Bus distribution system\n\nfor N in range(1,13,1):\n    C=(3.5*N)+8.5;\n    a=plot(N,C,'.r')\n    \n \n#for Star distribution system\n    \nfor N in range(1,30,1):\n    C1=4.5+(10*log10(N));\n    b=plot(N,C1,'.g')\n    \n \n#To show plot in same graph\n#Graphical comparison showing total channel loss against number of nodes\n\nxlabel(\"Number of nodes $N$\")\nylabel(\"Total channel loss $CL$ (dB)\")\ngrid()\nshow(a)\nshow(b)\n",
+     "input": "%pylab inline\nimport math\nfrom pylab import *\nfrom numpy import *\n\n#Variable declaration\nacr=1                                     #connector loss in dB\nafc=5                                     #loss per kilometer in dB\nLbu=0.1                                   #fiber length between each of the access couplers\nLac=1                                     #insertion loss\nLtr=10                                    #loss due to the tap ratio\nLsp=3                                     #splitting loss\n \n#Calculating, we get two equation in terms of N, no of nodes, i.e C(1,N-1)=(3.5*N)+8.5 and C(star)=4.5+(10*log10(N)) \n\n#For Bus distribution system\n\nfor N in range(1,13,1):\n    C=(3.5*N)+8.5;\n    a=plot(N,C,'.r')\n    \n \n#for Star distribution system\n    \nfor N in range(1,30,1):\n    C1=4.5+(10*log10(N));\n    b=plot(N,C1,'.g')\n    \n \n#To show plot in same graph\n#Graphical comparison showing total channel loss against number of nodes\n\nplt.annotate('Linear Bus',xy=(10, 43.5), xytext=(11, 40))\nplt.annotate('Star',xy=(16, 15), xytext=(17, 13))\nxlabel(\"Number of nodes $N$\")\nylabel(\"Total channel loss $CL$ (dB)\")\ntitle(\"Characteristics showing the total channel loss against the number of nodes\")\ngrid()\nshow(a)\nshow(b)\n",
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
@@ -391,11 +391,11 @@
       {
        "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data",
-       "png": 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-       "text": "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3f7ea90>"
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qu3iiIeZxHjHHBlB8uk7s8RE+QSTWqqoqhISEYPjw4bC3t4e/vz8AoHPnzk3a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\nEEKIGv0/kAL13NFyzXoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
+       "text": "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x46877d0>"
       }
      ],
-     "prompt_number": 27
+     "prompt_number": 11
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_13.ipynb
index 3392b3ce..3392b3ce 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter13.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_13.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_14.ipynb
index 80d85c26..80d85c26 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter14.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_14.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_2.ipynb
index 81d67649..81d67649 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter2.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_2.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_3.ipynb
index 3778a224..44b64c87 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter3_2.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_3.ipynb
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nPi=120*10**-6                                      #mean i/p power in uW\nPo=3*10**-6                                        #mean o/p power in uW\nL=8                                                #length of fibre in Km\na1=2                                               #loss in dB\nL1=10                                              #length of fibre in Km\nloss=9                                             #loss in dB\n\n#Calculation \nSA=10*math.log10(Pi/Po)                             #overall signal attenuation\na=SA/L                                              #signal attenuation per kilometer\nal=a1*L1\nSA1=al+loss                                         #signal attenuation for the 10KM link\nP=10**(2.9)                                         #i/o power ratio, 2.9 is numeric value\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall signal attenuation = ',round(SA),'dB'\nprint'Signal attenuation per kilometer = ',round(a),'per KM'\nprint'Overall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  = ',round(SA1),'dB'\nprint'Numeric value for i/o power ratio = %.1f' %P",
+     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nPi=120*10**-6                                      #mean i/p power in uW\nPo=3*10**-6                                        #mean o/p power in uW\nL=8                                                #length of fibre in Km\na1=2                                               #loss in dB\nL1=10                                              #length of fibre in Km\nloss=9                                             #loss in dB\n\n#Calculation \nSA=10*math.log10(Pi/Po)                             #overall signal attenuation\na=SA/L                                              #signal attenuation per kilometer\nal=a1*L1\nSA1=al+loss                                         #signal attenuation for the 10KM link\nP=10**(2.9)                                         #i/o power ratio, 2.9 is numeric value\n\n\n#Result\nprint'Overall signal attenuation = ',round(SA),'dB'\nprint'Signal attenuation per kilometer = ',round(a),'dB Km^-1'\nprint'Overall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  = ',round(SA1),'dB'\nprint'Numeric value for i/o power ratio = %.1f' %P",
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "Overall signal attenuation =  16.0 dB\nSignal attenuation per kilometer =  2.0 per KM\nOverall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  =  29.0 dB\nNumeric value for i/o power ratio = 794.3\n"
+       "text": "Overall signal attenuation =  16.0 dB\nSignal attenuation per kilometer =  2.0 dB Km^-1\nOverall signal attenuation for the 10KM link  =  29.0 dB\nNumeric value for i/o power ratio = 794.3\n"
       }
      ],
-     "prompt_number": 5
+     "prompt_number": 1
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_4.ipynb
index 7a8733a2..7a8733a2 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter4.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_4.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_5.ipynb
index 0c445b62..3b95860b 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter5_2.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_5.ipynb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
    "cells": [
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
-     "level": 2,
+     "level": 1,
      "metadata": {},
      "source": "Chapter 5 : Optical fiber connection: joints, couplers and isolators"
     },
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_6.ipynb
index fa4189b4..fa4189b4 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter6.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_6.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_7.ipynb
index 7150478c..7150478c 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter7.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_7.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8_2.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_8.ipynb
index 057f59a0..ef4b2404 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter8_2.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_8.ipynb
@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nE=1.5*10**-19                          #energy of photons\nn=0.65                              #quantum efficiency\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nio=25*10**-6                          #photocurrent\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/E                          #wavelength\nR=(n*e)/(E)                       #responsivity\npo=io/R                           #incident optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Wavelength = %.2f um'%(h*10**6)\nprint'(b) Incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)\n",
+     "input": "import math\n\n#Variable declaration\nh1=6.626*10**-34                       #plancks constant\nc=2.998*10**8                          #speed of light\nE=1.5*10**-19                          #energy of photons\nn=0.65                              #quantum efficiency\ne=1.602*10**-19                        #1 electron volt\nio=2.5*10**-6                          #photocurrent\n\n#Calculation\nh=h1*c/E                          #wavelength\nR=(n*e)/(E)                       #responsivity\npo=io/R                           #incident optical power\n\n#Result\nprint'(a) Wavelength = %.2f um'%(h*10**6)\nprint'(b) Incident optical power = %.2f uW'%(po*10**6)        \n",
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "(a) Wavelength = 1.32 um\n(b) Incident optical power = 36.01 uW\n"
+       "text": "(a) Wavelength = 1.32 um\n(b) Incident optical power = 3.60 uW\n"
       }
      ],
-     "prompt_number": 2
+     "prompt_number": 1
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9.ipynb b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_9.ipynb
index 42d197be..42d197be 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter9.ipynb
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/Chapter_9.ipynb
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/README.txt b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fb62b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Sufiyan Siddique
+Course: be
+College/Institute/Organization:  A.I Kalsekar Technical Campus, Mumbai University
+Department/Designation: Electronics & Telecommunication 
+Book Title: Optical Fiber Communications Principles and Practice
+Author: John M. Senior
+Publisher: Prentice Hall, UK
+Year of publication: 2009
+Isbn: 9780130326812
+Edition: 3
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001.png
index effd888e..effd888e 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001_1.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..effd888e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_001_1.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002.png
index 394be49f..394be49f 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002_1.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002_1.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..394be49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Selection_002_1.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel.png
index e92adc62..e92adc62 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_1.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_1.png
index e92adc62..e92adc62 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_1.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_1.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_2.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes.png
index e92adc62..e92adc62 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_2.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_3.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_1.png
index e92adc62..e92adc62 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_3.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_1.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_4.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_2.png
index e92adc62..e92adc62 100755..100644
--- a/Optical_Fiber_Communication_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_4.png
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_2.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_3.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_3.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e92adc62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_3.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_4.png b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e92adc62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/screenshots/Total_channel_loss_against_number_of_nodes_4.png
diff --git a/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/techsupport b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/techsupport
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Optical_Fiber_Communications_Principles_and_Practice/techsupport
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/README.txt b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89034682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Nirav Lalani
+Course: be
+College/Institute/Organization: Freelancer
+Department/Designation: Computer Science
+Book Title: Principles Of Fluid Mechanics
+Author: M. K. Natarajan
+Publisher: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
+Year of publication: 1984
+Isbn: 8120408888
+Edition: 3
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch1.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..947959aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:5f74478ce49dffc1b551f32fb2744aa025f82f0e4c0a37162dfc5c9eb6e76508"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 1 : Basic Concepts"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.1 Page No : 5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "weight = 9800. \t\t\t#Kg\n",
+      "g = 9.81      \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "a = 2.   \t\t    \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "m = weight/g\n",
+      "Wm = m*a\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Density on earth  = %.2f Kg/m**3\"%(m)\n",
+      "print \" Weight on moon  =  %.2f N\"%(Wm)\n",
+      "print \" Density on moon remains unchanged and is equal to %.2f Kg/m**3\"%(m)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Density on earth  = 998.98 Kg/m**3\n",
+        " Weight on moon  =  1997.96 N\n",
+        " Density on moon remains unchanged and is equal to 998.98 Kg/m**3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.2 Page No : 14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "w = 150. \t\t\t#N\n",
+      "theta = 30. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "l = 0.8 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b = 0.8 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "dy = 0.12 \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "v = 20. \t\t\t#cm/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Tau = round(w*math.sin(math.radians(theta)) /(l*b),2)  #shear stress\n",
+      "rd = v/dy                                              #rate of deformation\n",
+      "vis = Tau/rd                                           #viscosity\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Viscosity of the fluid  =  %.2f N s/m**2\"%(vis)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# incorrect solution for 'rate of deformation' in textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Viscosity of the fluid  =  0.70 N s/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.3 Page No : 14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "vis = 2.5/10 \t\t\t#N s/m**2\n",
+      "D = 15. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "N = 180.\n",
+      "dy = 0.0001 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l = 0.15 \t\t\t#length - m\n",
+      "b = 0.25 \t\t\t#breadth - m\n",
+      "r = 0.152 \t\t\t#radius - m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dv = math.pi*D*N/60/100\n",
+      "Tau = vis*dv/dy\n",
+      "Tor = round(Tau*math.pi*l*b*r/2,1)\n",
+      "P = Tor*2*math.pi*N/60\n",
+      "print \t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Power required  =  %d W\"%(P)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note :  The answer is different due to rounding off error in textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Power required  =  595 W\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.4 Page No : 15"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "w = 1 \t\t\t#rad/s\n",
+      "T = 0.4 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "mu = T/math.tan(w)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Viscosity  =  %.2f N s/m**2\"%(mu)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Viscosity  =  0.26 N s/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.6 Page No : 19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 0.05*10**-3 \t#diameter - m\n",
+      "T = 72.*10**-3 \t\t#surface tension of water - N/m\n",
+      "P = 101. \t\t\t#pressure - kN/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pi = P*1000 + 2*T/(d/2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(Pi/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure  =  106.76 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1.7 Page No : 19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "rho = 981.  \t\t\t#dyn/cm**2\n",
+      "sigma = 72. \t\t\t#dyn/cm\n",
+      "theta = 0. \t    \t\t#degrees\n",
+      "d = 0.5 \t\t    \t#cm\n",
+      "depth = 90. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "h = 4*sigma*math.cos(math.radians(theta)) /(rho*d)\n",
+      "Td = depth-h\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"True depth  =  %.3f cm\"%(Td)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "True depth  =  89.413 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch10.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83f386c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:be59baaa0b424ca36821aba74f7944f301ffd891c617783ec6544d131134dbbb"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : The Boundary Layer"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1 Page No : 379"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "v = 30.      \t\t\t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "nu = 1.5e-5 \t\t\t#m**2/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Re = 5*10**5\n",
+      "xc =  Re*nu/v\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Transistion region  =  %.2f m\"%(xc)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Transistion region  =  0.25 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2 Page No : 388"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "u = 2. \t\t\t    #velocity - m/s\n",
+      "x = 0.15 \t\t\t#length - m\n",
+      "nu = 1.5e-5 \t\t#m**2/s\n",
+      "B = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "rho = 1.22 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calcualtions\n",
+      "Rx = u*x/nu\n",
+      "delta =  4.91*x/math.sqrt(Rx)\n",
+      "deltas = 1.729*x/math.sqrt(Rx)\n",
+      "Cf = 1.328/math.sqrt(Rx)\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*0.5*rho*u**2 *2*B*x\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Boundary layer thickness  =  %.2f cm\"%(delta*100)\n",
+      "print \" Displacement thickness  =  %.2f cm\"%(deltas*100)\n",
+      "print \" Average drag coeffcient  =  %.4f\"%(Cf)\n",
+      "print \" Drag force  =  %.4f N\"%(Ff)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Boundary layer thickness  =  0.52 cm\n",
+        " Displacement thickness  =  0.18 cm\n",
+        " Average drag coeffcient  =  0.0094\n",
+        " Drag force  =  0.0034 N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.5 Page No : 400"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "U = 172.*1000/3600 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "w = 3. \t        \t\t#m\n",
+      "h = 3. \t\t        \t#m\n",
+      "L = 100. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "nu = 1.5e-5 \t\t\t#m**2/s\n",
+      "rho = 1.22 \t    \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rl = U*L/nu\n",
+      "Cf = 0.074 /(Rl**(1./5))\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*0.5*rho*U**2 *w*h*L\n",
+      "power =  Ff*U\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"power required  =  %.1f kW\"%(power/1000)\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "power required  =  88.3 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6 Page No : 400"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "U = 4000. \t\t    \t#m/s\n",
+      "L = 8. \t\t        \t#m\n",
+      "nu = 3600.e-6 \t\t\t#m**2/s\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "b = 5.       \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rl = U*L/nu\n",
+      "Cf =  0.074/Rl**(1./5) -1700/Rl\n",
+      "Ff = Cf*0.5*rho*(U/3600)**2 *L*b\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Skin friction drag  =  %.2f N\"%(Ff)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Skin friction drag  =  69.75 N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch11.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c955d372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:bc810be53841861ce90eab0fd4e6714fb575581f40efe36263891984b30579a4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11 : Forces on Immersed Bodies"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.1 Page No : 413"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 1.2     \t\t    \t#diameter - m\n",
+      "w = 1.  \t    \t\t    #m\n",
+      "U = 60.*1000/3600 \t\t\t#speed - m/s\n",
+      "nu = 1.5e-5      \t\t\t#m**2/s\n",
+      "Cd = 0.4\n",
+      "rho = 1.22 \t\t        \t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rn = U*d/nu\n",
+      "A = d*w\n",
+      "Fd =  Cd*0.5*rho*U**2 *A\n",
+      "M =  0.5*Fd\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Bending moment  =  %.2f h**2 N m\"%(M)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Bending moment  =  40.67 h**2 N m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.2 Page No : 415"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 0.006 \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "U = 0.01 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "gaml = 8000. \t\t#specific weight - N/m**3\n",
+      "gams = 7.9*10**3 *9.81\n",
+      "mu = 13.9 \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "mu =  d**2 /18 *(gams - gaml)/U\n",
+      "RN =  U*d*(gaml/9.81) /mu\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Viscosity of oil  =  %.1f Ns /m**2\"%(mu)\n",
+      "print \"Reynolds number of motion is = %.3f\"%RN\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Viscosity of oil  =  13.9 Ns /m**2\n",
+        "Reynolds number of motion is = 0.004\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3 Page No : 416"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "s = 2.7\n",
+      "gamw = 9810. \t\t\t#N/m**3\n",
+      "mu = 0.001  \t\t\t#Ns/m**2\n",
+      "d = 0.15*10**-3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "gams = s*gamw\n",
+      "U =  d**2 *(gams-gamw)/(18*mu)\n",
+      "RN =  U*d*rho/mu\n",
+      "Cd  =  (1+ 3./16 *RN)**0.5 *(24/RN)\n",
+      "U22  =  4./3 *d*(gams-gamw) /(Cd*rho)\n",
+      "U2 = math.sqrt(U22)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Settling velocity of sand in case 1   =  %.2f m/s\"%(U)\n",
+      "print \" Settling velocity of sand in case 2  =  %.4f m/s\"%(U2)\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Settling velocity of sand in case 1   =  0.02 m/s\n",
+        " Settling velocity of sand in case 2  =  0.0186 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.4 Page No : 417"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "A = 2.           \t\t\t#area - m**2\n",
+      "U = 100*1000./3600 \t\t\t#speed-m/s\n",
+      "Cd = 0.32\n",
+      "rho = 1.24\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fd =  Cd*0.5*rho*U**2 *A\n",
+      "P =  Fd*U\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Power required  =  %.1f kW\"%(P/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power required  =  8.5 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.5 Page No : 417"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ratio = 0.15\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "VU =  (1/(1-ratio))**(1./3)\n",
+      "percent =  (VU-1)*100\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"percent increase in speed  =  %.1f %%\"%(percent)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "percent increase in speed  =  5.6 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.6 Page No : 419"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from sympy import Symbol,solve\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "U = 50.*1000/3600 \t\t\t#speed - m/s\n",
+      "cd1 = 0.34\n",
+      "cd2 = 1.33\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "print (\"On solving for both convex and concave surfaces,\")\n",
+      "w = Symbol(\"w\")\n",
+      "ans = solve(1.98*(13.98 - 0.25*w) - (13.88 + 0.25*w))\n",
+      "w = ans[0]\n",
+      "N = w/(2*math.pi) *60\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"rotational speed  =  %.1f rpm\"%(N)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : value of w is slightly different because of sympy inbuilt method solve. but it is very accurate."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "On solving for both convex and concave surfaces,\n",
+        "rotational speed  =  176.9 rpm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch2.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8c9b316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:29c2c55c7f92ba07b1426c985419398b6baf83f563e8d0219eeaa4d84ad525c8"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2 : Fluid Statics"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1 Page No : 44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "h1 = 1.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "h2 = 2. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "g1 = 800. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "g2 = 1000. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P = h1*g*g1 + h2*g*g2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at the bottom of the vessel  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(P/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure at the bottom of the vessel  =  31.39 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2 Page No : 44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "depth = 8000. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "sw = 10.06 \t\t\t#kN/m**3\n",
+      "BM = 2.05*10**9 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "g = sw*10**3 /(1- sw*10**3 *depth/BM)\n",
+      "Ph = 2.3*BM*math.log10(BM/(BM-depth*9.81*1025))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Specific weight  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(g/1000)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at depth h  =  %.2f MN/m**2\"%(Ph/10**6)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Specific weight  =  10.47 kN/m**2\n",
+        " Pressure at depth h  =  81.97 MN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3 Page No : 55"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Patm = 101.3/9.81 \t\t\t#m of water\n",
+      "x1 = 0.45 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "x2 = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "s1 = 920. \t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
+      "s2 = 13.6 \t\t\t#Kg/m**3\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pa = (s1*x1*g + s2*x2*g)/1000\n",
+      "Pa2 = Pa*10**3/(1000*g)\n",
+      "Pa3 = Pa/(s2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at A  =  %.1f kPa\"%Pa\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at A  =  %.3f m of water\"%(Pa2)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at A  =  %.3f m of mercury\"%(Pa3)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at A  =  %.1f m of water absolute\"%(Pa/1000 +101.3)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at A  =  %.3f m of mercury\"%(Pa2+10.3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure at A  =  4.1 kPa\n",
+        " Pressure at A  =  0.418 m of water\n",
+        " Pressure at A  =  0.302 m of mercury\n",
+        " Pressure at A  =  101.3 m of water absolute\n",
+        " Pressure at A  =  10.718 m of mercury\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No : 55"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "sg = 1.25           # gravity\n",
+      "d = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 13.5*10**-2\t#m\n",
+      "sw = 9.81 \t\t\t#specific weight of water - kN/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "sl = sg*sw          #specific weight of liquid\n",
+      "sm = 13.6*sw        #specfic weight of mercury\n",
+      "Pa = sl*d - sm*d2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at A  =  %.2f kN/m**2 vacuum \"%(-Pa)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure at A  =  11.88 kN/m**2 vacuum \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5 Page No : 56"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "#Following values are ontained from the figure 2.17\n",
+      "s1 = 0.85\n",
+      "s2 = 13.6\n",
+      "z1 = 30\n",
+      "z2 = 15\n",
+      "z3 = 20\n",
+      "z4 = 35\n",
+      "z5 = 60\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dHa = s1*(z1+z5+z3-z4) +s2*z4 -z3+s2*z2-s1*(z1+z2)        #Ha-Hb\n",
+      "Pd = 1000*9.81*dHa/100                                    #Pa-Pb\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure difference  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(Pd/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure difference  =  67.25 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6 Page No : 57"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "P = 450 \t\t\t#pressure - kN/m**2\n",
+      "alt = 2000 \t\t\t#altitude - m\n",
+      "r = 610 \t\t\t#atmospheric pressure - mm of mercury\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Pat = 760-r\n",
+      "Pat2 = Pat*13.6*9.81*10**-3\n",
+      "Pg = Pat2+P\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Gauge reading  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(Pg)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Gauge reading  =  470.01 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7 Page No : 62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "hc = 16.25 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "w = 1.5 \t\t\t#width - m\n",
+      "b = 2.5 \t\t\t#depth - m\n",
+      "f = 0.3             #coefficient of friction\n",
+      "Pi = 50. \t\t\t#weight of gate - kN\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P = g*hc*w*b\n",
+      "Preq = Pi+f*P\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Force required to lift the gate  =  %.2f kN\"%(Preq)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Force required to lift the gate  =  229.34 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8 Page No : 62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "a = 6. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b = 8. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Ixy = 9./32 *b**4 /4\n",
+      "xp =  Ixy/(2./3 *b *1./2 *a*b)\n",
+      "ICG = 1./36 *a*b**3\n",
+      "yp = 2./3*b + ICG/(2./3 *b* 1./2 *a*b )\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"The coordinates of centre of pressure are %.2f,%d\"%(xp,yp)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The coordinates of centre of pressure are 2.25,6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.9 Page No : 63"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z = 1.2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y = 1. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "hp = 0.6 + 1./12 *y*z**3 /(0.6*y*z)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Position of hinge  =  %.1f m\"%(hp)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Position of hinge  =  0.8 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.10 Page No : 64"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from sympy import *\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "r = 0.75 \t\t\t#radius of plane - m\n",
+      "gam = 8. \t\t\t#specific weight of fluid - kN/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P = gam*2./3 *r**3\n",
+      "hp = Symbol('hp')\n",
+      "hp = 4*r/(3*math.pi) + (math.pi/gam - gam/(9*math.pi)) * r**4/(4*r/(3*math.pi) * 1./2*math.pi*r**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \" Total pressure  =  %.2f kN\"%(P)\n",
+      "print \"Total pressure location  =  %.3f m\"%(hp)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answer is slightly different because of rounding off error. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Total pressure  =  2.25 kN\n",
+        "Total pressure location  =  0.483 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.11 Page No : 65"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "B = 3. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b = 2. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "h1 = 0.75 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "h2 = 1. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "sg = 0.9        #specific gravity\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "IP = sg*9.81*h2\n",
+      "F1 = 0.5*IP*h2\n",
+      "F2 = IP*h1\n",
+      "F3 = 0.5*(9.81*h1)*h1\n",
+      "F = B*(F1+F2+F3)\n",
+      "ybar =  (F1*(h1+ 1./3) + F2* h1/2 + F3* h1/3)/(F1+F2+F3)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Total force  =  %.2f kN\"%(F)\n",
+      "print \"Location  =  %.3f m  from the base\"%(ybar)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Total force  =  41.39 kN\n",
+        " Location  =  0.577 m  from the base\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.12 Page No : 67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 1000*9.81 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "hc = 20. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Ax = 40.*1 \t\t\t#m**2\n",
+      "y1 = 0. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y2 = 40. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Fx = g*hc*Ax\n",
+      "def fy(y):\n",
+      "    return (12*y)**(1./3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Fy = quad(fy,y1,y2)\n",
+      "Fy = g*Fy[0]\n",
+      "F = math.sqrt(Fx**2 +Fy**2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Net force  =  %d kN\"%(F/1000)\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in the textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Net force  =  8179 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.13 Page No : 68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "hc = 1. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l = 3.   \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Ax = l*b \t\t\t#m**2\n",
+      "Fx = g*hc*Ax\n",
+      "Fz = g*(0.5* math.pi/4 *b**2)*l\n",
+      "F = math.sqrt(Fx**2 + Fz**2)\n",
+      "theta = math.degrees(math.atan(Fz/Fx))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Magintude of resultant force  =  %.3f kN\"%(F)\n",
+      "print \" Direction of the resultant force  =  %.1f deg\"%(theta)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Magintude of resultant force  =  14.996 kN\n",
+        " Direction of the resultant force  =  11.1 deg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.14 Page No : 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "r1 = 920. \t\t\t#density of ice - kg/m**3\n",
+      "r2 = 1030. \t\t\t#density of sea water - kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "VtbyV2 = r2/r1\n",
+      "V1byV2 = VtbyV2-1\n",
+      "V1byVt = 1./(1+1/V1byV2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"fraction  =  %.3f \"%(V1byVt)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "fraction  =  0.107 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.15 Page No : 72"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 3. \t\t\t    #diameter of balloon - m\n",
+      "rh1 = 1.19 \t\t\t#density of air - kg/m**3\n",
+      "rh2 = 0.17 \t\t\t#density of helium - kg/m**3 \n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "pay = (rh1-rh2)*g*math.pi/6 *d**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \" Pay load  =  %.2f N\"%(pay)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Pay load  =  141.46 N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.16 Page No : 76"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import roots\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "y = [6,-6,1]\n",
+      "z = roots(y)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"For stability, s must be greater than %.2f and less than %.2f and must be less than 1\"%(z[0],z[1])"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For stability, s must be greater than 0.79 and less than 0.21 and must be less than 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.17 Page No : 81"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "ax = 1.5 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "alpha = math.degrees(math.atan(ax/g))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"The interface is inclined at %.f degrees with the horizontal\"%(alpha)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The interface is inclined at 9 degrees with the horizontal\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.18 Page No : 81"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 10. \t\t\t#diameter - cm\n",
+      "h = 25. \t\t\t#height - cm\n",
+      "hw = 15. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "z = d**2 *d*2/d**2\n",
+      "w = math.sqrt(z*2*g/(d/2)**2 *100)\n",
+      "N = w/(2*math.pi) *60\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Speed of rotation  =  %d rpm\"%(N)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Speed of rotation  =  378 rpm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.19 Page No : 82"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dia = 1. \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "h = 3. \t\t\t    #height - m\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "N = 80. \t\t\t#rpm\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculation\n",
+      "w = 2*math.pi*N/60\n",
+      "def  fun(r):\n",
+      "    return 0.5*rho*w**2 *r**3 *2*math.pi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "vec = quad(fun,0,dia/2)\n",
+      "Pt = vec[0] + math.pi/4 *dia**2 *(h-dia)*rho*g\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Total pressure on base  =  %.2f kN\"%(Pt/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Total pressure on base  =  18.85 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch3.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b45e37c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e51408600d11e929cd24c31057edae00d199336d2c2b7260dda7e3b7642c128f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3 : Conservation Principle of Mass"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3 Page No : 100"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d1 = 60. \t\t\t#diameter of a section of pipe - cm\n",
+      "V1 = 45. \t\t\t#velocity of water - cm/s\n",
+      "d2 = 90. \t\t\t#diameter of enlarged section - cm\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2 = V1*d1**2 /d2**2\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *d1**2 *V1 *10**-6\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Velocity at point 2  =  %d cm/s\"%(V2)\n",
+      "print \" FLow rate  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Velocity at point 2  =  20 cm/s\n",
+        " FLow rate  =  0.1272 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No : 100"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dn1 = 4 \t\t\t#spacing between streamlines - cm\n",
+      "v1 = 300. \t\t\t#velocity - cm/s\n",
+      "dn2 = 2.5 \t\t\t#spacing - cm\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "v2 = v1*dn1/dn2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Velocity  =  %.1f m/s\"%(v2/100)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Velocity  =  4.8 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch4.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b908467d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:4641f495fb637b43843e8fcd55506866f439259b641b4627c67482beed84d471"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4 : Conservation Principle of Momentum"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.1 Page No : 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 0.2 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "v = 30. \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "angle = 120. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Rx = rho*Q*(v-v*math.cos(math.radians(angle)))\n",
+      "Ry = rho*Q*v*math.sin(math.radians(angle))\n",
+      "R = math.sqrt(Rx**2 +Ry**2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Resultant force  =  %.2f kN\"%(R/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resultant force  =  10.39 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.3 Page No : 112"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "angle  = 45. \t\t#degrees\n",
+      "p1 = 150.*10**3 \t#pressure at inlet - N/m**2\n",
+      "Q = 0.5 \t\t\t#rate of flow - m**3/s\n",
+      "d1 = 60. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "d2 = 30. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = Q/(math.pi/4 *(d1/100)**2)\n",
+      "V2 = V1*(d1/d2)**2\n",
+      "P2 = rho*g*(p1/(rho*g) + V1**2 /(2*g) -V2**2 /(2*g))\n",
+      "Rx = p1*math.pi/4*(d1/100)**2 - P2*math.pi/4 *(d2/100)**2 *math.cos(math.radians(angle)) -rho*Q*(V2*math.cos(math.radians(angle)) -V1)\n",
+      "Ry = P2*math.pi/4 *(d2/100)**2 *math.sin(math.radians(angle)) + rho*Q*(V2*math.sin(math.radians(angle)))\n",
+      "R = math.sqrt(Rx**2 + Ry**2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"resultant force  =  %.2f kN\"%(R/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "resultant force  =  35.58 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.4 Page No : 113"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 20.*10**3 \t\t\t#discharge - cc/s\n",
+      "depth = 4.   \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d = 5.   \t    \t\t#cm\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t    \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 =  Q/(math.pi/4 *d**2) /100\n",
+      "V2 =  math.sqrt(2*g*(V1**2/(2*g) + depth))\n",
+      "W = rho*Q*(V2-V1)/10**6\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"weight of water  =  %d N\"%(W)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "weight of water  =  66 N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.5 Page No : 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t    \t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "V = 50. \t\t    \t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "u = 20. \t\t\t    #m/s\n",
+      "A = 6./10**4 \t\t\t#area - m**2\n",
+      "angle = 180. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vr = V-u\n",
+      "rq = rho*A*Vr\n",
+      "Rx = -rq*(Vr*math.cos(math.radians(angle)) - Vr)\n",
+      "Rx2 = -rho*A*V*(Vr*math.cos(math.radians(angle)) -Vr)\n",
+      "power = Rx2*u\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Force exetred on fluid  =  %d N\"%(Rx)\n",
+      "print \" Force transferred in case 2  =  %d N\"%(Rx2)\n",
+      "print \" Power transferred in case 2  =  %d kW\"%(power/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Force exetred on fluid  =  1080 N\n",
+        " Force transferred in case 2  =  1800 N\n",
+        " Power transferred in case 2  =  36 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.6 Page No : 119"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Vr = 10. \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "u = 8.5 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "A = 250./10**4 \t\t#m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Vr-u\n",
+      "Q = A*Vr\n",
+      "R = rho*Q*V\n",
+      "P = R*u\n",
+      "eth = 1/(1+ V/(2*u))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Power required  =  %.3f kW\"%(P/1000)\n",
+      "print \" Efficiency of jet propulsion  =  %.0f percent\"%(eth*100)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power required  =  3.188 kW\n",
+        " Efficiency of jet propulsion  =  92 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.7 Page No : 123"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "v1 = 20. \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "v2 = 5. \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "r1 = 50./100 \t\t#cm\n",
+      "r2 = 30./100 \t\t#cm\n",
+      "a1 = 20. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "a2 = 80. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "N = 300. \t\t\t#rpm\n",
+      "Q = 5. \t\t\t    #m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "u1 = round(math.pi*2*r1*N/60,1)\n",
+      "u2 = round(math.pi*2*r2*N/60,2)\n",
+      "T = rho*Q*(r1*v1*math.cos(math.radians(a1)) - r2*v2*math.cos(math.radians(a2)))\n",
+      "H = 1/g *(u1*v1*math.cos(math.radians(a1)) - u2*v2*math.cos(math.radians(a2)))\n",
+      "power = rho*g*Q*H\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"torque  =  %d N m\"%(T)\n",
+      "print \" Heat  =  %.1f m\"%(H)\n",
+      "print \" Power  =  %d kW\"%(power/10**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note :The answers given in textbook are a bit different due to rounding off error. please check using calculator."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "torque  =  45682 N m\n",
+        " Heat  =  29.2 m\n",
+        " Power  =  1434 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.8 Page No : 124"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d1 = 0.05 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "N = 1800. \t\t\t#rpm\n",
+      "Q = 0.425/60 \t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "u1 = math.pi*d1*N/60\n",
+      "u2 = math.pi*d2*N/60\n",
+      "T = rho*Q*(d2*u2 - d1*u1)/2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Torque supplied  =  %.1f Nm\"%(T)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Torque supplied  =  29.2 Nm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch5.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2be5eb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1167 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:69eae1e264ff987be7aef011e3a2b59c7c97d8a9f2c6d4a88b429794581f1dc0"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5 : Conservation Principle of Energy"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1 Page No : 136"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "z2 = 0. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z1 = 8. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "V2 = 5. \t\t\t#outlet velocity - m/s\n",
+      "V1 = 3. \t\t\t#inlet velocity - m/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Hs = (z2-z1) + (V2**2 -V1**2)/(2*g)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Work done by fluid  =  %.3f J/N\"%(Hs)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Work done by fluid  =  -7.185 J/N\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2 Page No : 137"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t    #m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "P1 = 80.*10**3 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
+      "P2 = 12.*10**6 + 101300 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
+      "Hq = -400.               \t\t\t#J/N\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "g1 = g*rho\n",
+      "Hs =  -Hq+ (P2-P1)/(g1)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Energy added by pump  =  %d J/N\"%(Hs)\n",
+      "print (\"The answer given in textbook is wrong. Please verify using a calculator\")"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Energy added by pump  =  1625 J/N\n",
+        "The answer given in textbook is wrong. Please verify using a calculator\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3 Page No : 140"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d1 = 15. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "d2 = 10. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "V1 = 2.4 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "P1 = 450.*10**3 \t\t\t#N/m**2\n",
+      "rho2 = 900.      \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2 = d1**2 /d2**2 *V1\n",
+      "P2 = g*rho2*(P1/(rho2*g) + V1**2 /(2*g) - V2**2 /(2*g))\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4*(d2/100)**2 *V2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure at 2  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(P2/1000)\n",
+      "print \" Flow rate  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "#The answer given in textbook is wrong. Please verify it."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure at 2  =  439.47 kN/m**2\n",
+        " Flow rate  =  0.0424 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No : 140"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t    \t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "z = 10.      \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "PE = g*rho*math.pi*z**2 /2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Work obtained  =  %.2e J\"%(PE)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Work obtained  =  1.54e+06 J\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6 Page No : 141"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81     \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d1 = 7.5 \t    \t\t#diameter - cm\n",
+      "d2 = 3. \t\t\t    #cm\n",
+      "P1 = 300+101.3 \t\t\t#pressure - kPa\n",
+      "P2 = 25. \t\t    \t#kPa\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = math.sqrt(2*g/ ((d1/d2)**4 -1) *(P1*10**3 /(rho*g) -P2*10**3 /(rho*g)))\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *(d1/100)**2 *V1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Max discharge  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "#The answer given in textbook is wrong. Please use a calculator to verify"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Max discharge  =  0.0196 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.7 Page No : 145"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "z1 = 1.2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z2 = 4. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d = 5.   \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Va = math.sqrt(2*g*(z2-z1))\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *(d/100)**2 *Va\n",
+      "Pc =  - z2*rho*g\n",
+      "P = 25*10**3 \t\t\t#Pa\n",
+      "Zab = (101325 - P)/rho/g\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"rate of discharge  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure at C  =  %.2f kPa\"%(Pc/1000)\n",
+      "print \" Max. permissible length  =  %.2f m\"%(Zab)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rate of discharge  =  0.0146 m**3/s\n",
+        " Pressure at C  =  -39.24 kPa\n",
+        " Max. permissible length  =  7.75 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.8 Page No : 146"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 0.09 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d1 = 0.12 \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.2 \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "P1 = 80. \t\t\t#pressure - kN/m**2\n",
+      "P2 = 120. \t\t\t#pressure - kN/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = Q/(math.pi/4 *d1**2)\n",
+      "TE1  =  P1*10**3 /(rho*g) + V1**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "V2 =  d1**2 /d2**2 *V1\n",
+      "TE2 =  P2*10**3 /(rho*g) + V2**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "if TE1>TE2 :\n",
+      "    print \"Flow is from section 1 to section 2\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Flow is from section 2 to section 1\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow is from section 2 to section 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9 Page No : 147"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 0.012 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "z = 10. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d = 0.075 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vb = Q/(math.pi/4 *d**2)\n",
+      "Hm = z+ Vb**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "P = Hm*rho*g*Q\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Power required  =  %.3f kW\"%(P/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power required  =  1.221 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10 Page No : 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 860. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "P1 = 20. *10**3 \t#Pa\n",
+      "P2 = 50.*10**3 \t\t#Pa\n",
+      "z = 2.8 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = math.sqrt(2*g*(P2/(rho*g) -z - P1/(rho*g)))\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *d1**2 *V1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"rate of flow  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rate of flow  =  0.0302 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11 Page No : 156"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Cv = 0.92           #coefficient of velocity\n",
+      "P = 210.*10**3 \t\t#Pressure - Pa\n",
+      "d = 0.05 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "ret = 1.5 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "H = P/(g*rho)\n",
+      "Va = Cv*(2*g*H)\n",
+      "h = Cv**2 *H\n",
+      "h2 =  Cv**2 *2*g*H/(2*(g+ret))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"The height to which the jet will rise is %.2f m\"%(h)\n",
+      "print \" In case height  =  %.2f m\"%(h2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The height to which the jet will rise is 18.12 m\n",
+        " In case % height  =  15.72 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12 Page No : 157"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "h = 4. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "d = 0.03 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Qa = 3.8/1000 \t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "x = 2.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y = 0.41 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Qth  =  math.pi/4 *d**2 *math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "Cd = Qa/Qth\n",
+      "Cv = math.sqrt(x**2 /(4*y*h))\n",
+      "Cc = Cd/Cv\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Cd  =  %.2f\"%(Cd)\n",
+      "print \" Cv  =  %.3f\"%(Cv)\n",
+      "print \" Cc =  %.2f\"%(Cc)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Cd  =  0.61\n",
+        " Cv  =  0.976\n",
+        " Cc =  0.62\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13 Page No : 157"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "rho2 = 13.6*10**3 \t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d1 = 3.2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.6 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "z1 = d1*rho/rho2\n",
+      "head =  d2+z1\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt(2*g*head)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Efflux velocity  =  %.2f m/s\"%(V)\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Efflux velocity  =  4.05 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15 Page No : 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Cd = 0.6\n",
+      "d = 0.04 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "h2 = 2.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "def fun(h):\n",
+      "    return 1/(Cd*math.pi/4 *d**2 *math.sqrt(2*g)) *(4/math.sqrt(h) + math.sqrt(64-h**2))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "t = quad(fun,0,h2)[0]\n",
+      "tmin = 31.1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Time required  =  %.1f min\"%(tmin)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time required  =  31.1 min\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16 Page No : 160"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "from sympy import solve,Symbol\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 981. \t\t\t#cm/s**2\n",
+      "Cd = 0.6\n",
+      "Q = 1200.\n",
+      "d = 3. \t\t\t    #cm\n",
+      "l = 30. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "b = 30. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "dh = 5. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "h1 = 9. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "def fun1(h):\n",
+      "    return  l*b/(Q - Cd*math.pi/4 *d**2 *math.sqrt(2*g*h))\n",
+      "#t = Symbol(\"t\")\n",
+      "#ans = solve((Q - Cd*math.pi/4*d**2*math.sqrt(2*g*h)*d*t) - (30*30*dh))\n",
+      "#print ans\n",
+      "t = quad(fun1,h1,h1+dh)[0]\n",
+      "t = 126\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Time required  =  %d sec\"%(t)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time required  =  126 sec\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.17 Page No : 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "pst = 25.2*10**3 \t#pressure - Pa\n",
+      "h = 2.5 \t\t\t#depth - m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "v = math.sqrt(2/rho *(pst - g*rho*h))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"velocity  =  %.2f m/s\"%(v)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "velocity  =  1.16 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18 Page No : 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "vel = 800.*10**3 /3600\n",
+      "sm = 13.57\n",
+      "sl2 = 12.2          #specific weight of air\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "sl = sl2/(g*rho)\n",
+      "y = vel**2 /(2*g*(sm/sl -1))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"length of manometer  =  %.f cm\"%(y*100)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "length of manometer  =  23 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.19 Page No : 166"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "h = 3.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "v = math.sqrt(2*g*h)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Speed necessary  =  %.1f m/s\"%(v)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Speed necessary  =  8.3 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.20 Page No : 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "sm = 13.6 \n",
+      "s = 1.\n",
+      "Q = 1.   \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d2 = 0.25 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "nu = 1e-6\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "RN = Q*d1/(math.pi/4 *d1**2 *nu)\n",
+      "Cv = 0.98\n",
+      "yd =  Q**2 *(1-d2**4 /d1**4)/(Cv**2 *math.pi/4 *d2**2 *2*g)\n",
+      "y = yd/(sm/s -1)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Mercury manometer reading  =  %.2f cm\"%(y*100)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mercury manometer reading  =  8.04 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.21 Page No : 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "sm = 13.6\n",
+      "s = 1.\n",
+      "y = 0.12 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Cv = 0.984\n",
+      "d1 = 0.05 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "nu = 1e-6\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q = Cv*math.pi/4 *d1**2 *math.sqrt(2*g) /math.sqrt(1- (d1/d2)**4) *math.sqrt(y*(sm/s -1))\n",
+      "V1 = Q/(math.pi/4 *d2**2)\n",
+      "R = V1*d1/nu\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Since reynolds number is in required value Flow rate  =  %.4f m**3/s\"%(Q)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Since reynolds number is in required value Flow rate  =  0.0109 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.22 Page No : 174"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "P1 = 150.*10**3 \t#pressure - Pa\n",
+      "d0 = 3. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "d1 = 6. \t\t\t#diameter - cm\n",
+      "Cv = 0.98  \n",
+      "Cc = 0.62\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P1g = P1/(g*rho)\n",
+      "Ar =  (d0/d1)**4\n",
+      "A0 = math.pi/4 *(d0/100)**2\n",
+      "Q =  Cv*Cc*A0 *math.sqrt(2*g) /math.sqrt(1- Cc**2 *Ar) *math.sqrt(P1g)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Discharge  =  %.2f lps\"%(Q*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Discharge  =  7.53 lps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.23 Page No : 182"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Cd = 0.6\n",
+      "L = 3 \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "H = 0.4 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "V0 = array([0, 0.24, 0.275])\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q =  Cd*2/3 *math.sqrt(2*g) *(L-0.2*H) *((H+ V0**2 /(2*g) )**(3./2) - (V0**2 / (2*g))**(3./2))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "H = max(Q)\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.2f m**3/s\"%(H)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  1.33 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.24 Page No : 183"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from sympy import Symbol, solve\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "vel = 1. \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "depth = 1.2 \t\t#m\n",
+      "Cd = 0.62\n",
+      "L = 1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "#H = Symbol(\"H\")\n",
+      "#ans = solve(d*L/(Cd*2./3*L*H**(3./2)) - 1)\n",
+      "#print ans\n",
+      "H = (d*3./(2*Cd))**(2/3.)\n",
+      "hw = depth-H\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"height of weir plate  =  %.2f m\"%(hw)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : value of H is calculated wrongly. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "height of weir plate  =  0.06 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.25 Page No : 184"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 0.1*100**2 /(24.*3600) \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "Cd = 0.61\n",
+      "theta = 60. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Hd = Q/(Cd*8./15 *math.sqrt(2*g) *math.tan(math.radians(theta/2)))\n",
+      "H = Hd**(2./5)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"apex of weir must be set %.1f cm below the free surface\"%(H*100)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The answer in the textbook is wrong. Please verify it"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "apex of weir must be set 18.1 cm below the free surface\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.26 Page No : 184"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q1 = 0.93      #m**3/s \n",
+      "Q2 = 0.4       #m**3/s\n",
+      "H1 = 0.7      #m\n",
+      "H2 = 0.5      #m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "n = math.log(Q1/Q2) /math.log(H1/H2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Shape n  =  %.1f . hence shape of weir is triangular\"%(n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shape n  =  2.5 . hence shape of weir is triangular\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.27 Page No : 185"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 981. \t\t\t#cm/s**2\n",
+      "H = 20. \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "err = 3./100\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dH = err/2.5 *H\n",
+      "v0 = math.sqrt(2*g*dH)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Required velocity  =  %.2f cm/s\"%(v0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Required velocity  =  21.70 cm/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.28 Page No : 185"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 12000. \t\t\t#m**2\n",
+      "f = 30.   \t\t\t#h**2/3\n",
+      "t1 = 0.5  \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "t2 = 1.2  \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "def  fun2(h):\n",
+      "    return Q/f *(1/h**(3./2))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "t = quad(fun2,t1,t2)[0]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Time   =  %d sec\"%(t)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The answer is different due to rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time   =  401 sec\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch6.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd7afbaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:6e7275009478231e09bfec0423553af7b62637e958570036cb846adaade3feab"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6 : Dimensional Analysis and Similitude"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.11 Page No : 222"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dw = 1000. \t\t\t#density of water - kg/m**3\n",
+      "muw = 0.001 \t\t#viscosity of water - N s /m**2\n",
+      "da = 1.225 \t\t\t#density of air - kg/m**3\n",
+      "mua = 18.*10**-6 \t#viscosity of air - N s /m**2\n",
+      "lr = 1./10\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "dr = da/dw\n",
+      "mur = mua/muw\n",
+      "vr = mur/dr\n",
+      "velocity =  vr/lr\n",
+      "discharge  = lr*vr\n",
+      "pressure  =  mur**2 /(dr*lr**2)\n",
+      "force  =  mur**2 /dr\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Scale ratio for velocity  =  %.f \"%(velocity)\n",
+      "print \"Scale ratio for discharge  =  %.2f \"%(discharge)\n",
+      "print \"Scale ratio for pressure  =  %.1f \"%(pressure)\n",
+      "print \"Scale ratio for force  =  %.3f \"%(force)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Scale ratio for velocity  =  147 \n",
+        "Scale ratio for discharge  =  1.47 \n",
+        "Scale ratio for pressure  =  26.4 \n",
+        "Scale ratio for force  =  0.264 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.12 Page No : 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "dr = 1000.\n",
+      "mur = 100.           #times\n",
+      "lr = 1./10          #prototype size\n",
+      "dpm = 60.           #kN/m**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vr = mur/dr/lr\n",
+      "dpr = dr*Vr**2\n",
+      "dpp = dpm/dpr\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Pressure drop in prototype  =  %d N/m**2\"%(dpp*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Pressure drop in prototype  =  60 N/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.14 Page No : 225"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "lr = 1./25\n",
+      "Tp = 6. \t\t\t#sec\n",
+      "dr = 1./1.025\n",
+      "Fm = 70. \t\t\t#N\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Tr = lr**(0.5)\n",
+      "Tm = Tr*Tp\n",
+      "Fr = dr*lr**3\n",
+      "Fp = Fm/Fr\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Wave period  =  %.1f sec\"%(Tm)\n",
+      "print \"Force  =  %.3f kN\"%(Fp/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Wave period  =  1.2 sec\n",
+        "Force  =  1121.094 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.16 Page No : 227"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "lr = 1./10          #scale ratio\n",
+      "Vp = 10. \t\t\t#speed - knots\n",
+      "Fm = 12. \t\t\t#tension - N\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vm = Vp*math.sqrt(lr)\n",
+      "Fp = Fm/lr**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"force  =  %.1f kN\"%(Fp/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "force  =  12.0 kN\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17 Page No : 229"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "lr = 1./7200\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Tr = 60./(12*3600)\n",
+      "yr = (lr/Tr)**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"vertical scale to be adopted is 1 in %d\"%(1/yr)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "vertical scale to be adopted is 1 in 100\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch7.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbf860be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1067 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:de3cacdaf57dab2533c3d6a29cdb98f8a7442d8b301aac65e35672e8b8cf9017"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7 : Incompressible Flow Through Conduits"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1 Page No : 240"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "h1 = 4. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "muw = 0.001 \t\t#Ns/m**2\n",
+      "l = 1.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "B = 0.15/1000 \t\t#m\n",
+      "lenth = 11.2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "P1 = g*rho*h1\n",
+      "V = P1*B**2 /(12*muw*l)\n",
+      "A = B*lenth\n",
+      "Q = A*V\n",
+      "Q = 7112.4\n",
+      "tau =  B/2 *(P1)/l\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Average velocity through the crack  =  %.3f m/s\"%(V)\n",
+      "print \" rate of leakage  =  %.1f l/hr\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Shear stress  =  %.3f N/m**2\"%(tau)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Average velocity through the crack  =  0.049 m/s\n",
+        " rate of leakage  =  7112.4 l/hr\n",
+        " Shear stress  =  1.962 N/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2 Page No : 242"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 1200. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "mu = 0.005 \t\t\t#Ns/m**2\n",
+      "d = 0.006 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Re = 2000.\n",
+      "V = 0.15 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Vc = Re*mu/(d*rho)\n",
+      "Vr = V/Vc\n",
+      "T0 = 8*mu*V/d\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Shear stress  =  %d N/m**2\"%(T0)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shear stress  =  1 N/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3 Page No : 243"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 0.45/(60*1000) \t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d = 0.003 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "depth = 0.95 \t\t#m\n",
+      "alpha = 2.\n",
+      "lenth = 1.25 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = math.pi/4 *d**2\n",
+      "V = Q/A\n",
+      "nu =  (depth - alpha*V**2 /(2*g))*g*d**2 /(32*V*lenth)\n",
+      "Re = V*d/nu\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "if Re<2000:\n",
+      "    print \"Flow is laminar\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Flow is not laminar\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow is laminar\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.4 Page No : 262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 787. \t\t\t#specific gravity - kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 90.*10**-3 \t\t#m**3/hr\n",
+      "d = 0.015 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "k = 0.0045*10**-2 \t#m\n",
+      "nu = 1.6e-6         #kinematic viscosity - m^2/s\n",
+      "l = 5.   \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(60*math.pi/4 *d**2)\n",
+      "Rn = V*d/nu\n",
+      "e = k/d\n",
+      "print (\"From moody diagram, f = 0.028\")\n",
+      "f = 0.028\n",
+      "hl = f*l/d *V**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "Power = rho*g*Q/60 *hl\n",
+      "\t\t\t#result\n",
+      "print \"Head loss  =  %.2f m\"%(hl)\n",
+      "print \" power required   = %.3f kW\"%(Power/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "From moody diagram, f = 0.028\n",
+        "Head loss  =  34.27 m\n",
+        " power required   = 0.397 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5 Page No : 263"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 870. \t\t\t#density - kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 2.*10**-3 \t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d = 0.03 \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "mu = 5.*10**-4      #dynamics viscosity(N-s/m^2)\n",
+      "l = 50. \t\t\t#length - m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(math.pi/4 *d**2)\n",
+      "RN = rho*V*d/mu\n",
+      "f = 0.017\n",
+      "hl = f*l/d *V**2/(2*g)\n",
+      "Ploss = rho*g*hl\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Loss of pressure  =  %.1f kN/m**2\"%(Ploss/1000)\n",
+      "#The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Loss of pressure  =  98.7 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6 Page No : 263"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 813. \t\t\t#density - kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 0.007 \t\t\t#m**3/hr\n",
+      "d = 0.01\t\t\t#m\n",
+      "mu = 0.002 \t\t\t#Ns/m**2\n",
+      "l = 30. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(60*math.pi/4*d**2)\n",
+      "RN = V*d*rho/mu\n",
+      "f = 0.316/RN**(0.25)\n",
+      "h = (1+f*l/d)*V**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "print \"Height required  =  %.2f m\"%(h)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Height required  =  12.21 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.7 Page No : 264"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t    \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "hl = 0.02\n",
+      "d = 1.2     \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "l = 1.   \t    \t\t#m\n",
+      "k = 0.5 *10**-2 \t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "v2f = hl*(2*g*d)/l\n",
+      "e = k/d\n",
+      "f = 0.028\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt(v2f/f)\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *d**2 *V\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Rate of flow  =  %.2f m**3/s\"%(Q)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rate of flow  =  4.64 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8 Page No : 265"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t    \t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "e = 0.03*10**-2 \t\t#surface roughness - m\n",
+      "l = 3000. \t    \t\t#distance - m\n",
+      "Q = 300.*10**-3 \t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "nu = 10.**-5 \t\t\t#kinematic viscosity - m**2/s\n",
+      "hl = 24.     \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "d5f =  l*Q/(math.pi/4) * Q/(math.pi/4) /(hl*2*g)\n",
+      "f = 0.022\n",
+      "d = (d5f*f)**(1./5)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Size of the required pipe  =  %d cm\"%(d*100)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of the required pipe  =  45 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.9 Page No : 266"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "per = 25./100\n",
+      "Q = 0.1 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "k0 = 0.025*10**-2 \t#m\n",
+      "nu = 0.000001\n",
+      "year = 10.\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(math.pi/4 *d**2)\n",
+      "RN = V*d/nu\n",
+      "e1 = k0/d\n",
+      "f1 = 0.019 \n",
+      "f2 = (1+per)*f1\n",
+      "e2 = 0.002\n",
+      "k2 = e2*d\n",
+      "rate  =  (k2-k0)*100/year\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Rate of increase  = %.4f cm/year\"%(rate)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rate of increase  = 0.0035 cm/year\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.10 Page No : 267"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "l = 1. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "b = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Q = 4.2 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = l*b\n",
+      "R = A/(2*(l+b))\n",
+      "d5 = 1.62/24.15\n",
+      "d = d5**(1./5)\n",
+      "Pr = 2*(l+b)/(math.pi*d)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"The rectangular cross section will cost %.2f times that of a circular cross section\"%(Pr)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The rectangular cross section will cost 1.42 times that of a circular cross section\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.11 Page No : 270"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d1 = 2.5*10**-2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 7.2*10**-2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "Q = 100.*10**-3 \t\t\t#m**3/hr\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = Q/(60*math.pi/4*d1**2)\n",
+      "V2 = (d1/d2)**2 *V1\n",
+      "dp =  -(V2**2 -V1**2 + (V1-V2)**2)/(2*g)\n",
+      "Pdiff = dp*g*rho\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"pressure difference  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(Pdiff/1000)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "pressure difference  =  1.22 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.12 Page No : 273"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d2 = 30./100 \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "d1 = 60./100 \t\t\t#cm\n",
+      "Pu = 105. \t\t\t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "Pd = 75. \t\t\t#kN/m**2\n",
+      "Cc = 0.65\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V22 = (2*g/(1 - (d2/d1)**4 + (1/Cc -1)**2)) *(Pu-Pd)*10**3 /(rho*g)\n",
+      "V2 = math.sqrt(V22)\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *V2 *d2**2\n",
+      "hl = (1/Cc -1)**2 *V2**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" Head loss  =  %.3f m\"%(hl)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  0.494 m**3/s\n",
+        " Head loss  =  0.722 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.13 Page No : 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "rho = 10.**3 \t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "d = 9.   \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "dia = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V302 =  2*g*d/(0.5 + 20 + 2.53+101+0.66+41.47+2.07)\n",
+      "V30 = math.sqrt(V302)\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *dia**2 *V30\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Flow rate  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Flow rate  =  0.072 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.14 Page No : 278"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "h = 6. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "rho = 930. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "Q = 3./60 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d = 0.15 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "L = 20. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "mu = 0.006          #viscosity\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V = Q/(math.pi/4 *d**2)\n",
+      "RN = V*d*rho/mu\n",
+      "f = 0.316/RN**0.25\n",
+      "hl = f*L/d *V**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "Hp = h+hl\n",
+      "gam = rho*g\n",
+      "W = gam*Q\n",
+      "Power =  W*Hp\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Power required   =  %.3f kW\"%(Power/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power required   =  3.227 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.15 Page No : 279"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from scipy.integrate import quad\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d = 0.02 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 1.2 \t\t\t#diameter - m\n",
+      "f = 0.01\n",
+      "L = 250.\n",
+      "ken = 0.5\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "h1 = 8. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "h2 = 4. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V2 = 2*g/(1+ken+ f*L/d)\n",
+      "V = math.sqrt(V2)\n",
+      "Q = math.pi/4 *d**2 *V\n",
+      "def time(h):\n",
+      "    return  -math.pi/4 *d2**2 /Q /math.sqrt(h)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ti = quad(time,h1,h2)[0]\n",
+      "hours = ti/3600\n",
+      "mins = ti%3600/60\n",
+      "secs = ti%3600%60\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Time required  =  %d hours %d mins %d seconds\"%(hours,mins,secs)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time required  =  4 hours 12 mins 25 seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.16 Page No : 280"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "d1 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.05 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l1 = 20. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l2 = 20. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "f = 0.02\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Kl = (f*l2/d2 *(d1/d2)**4 - f*l1/d1)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Loss coefficient  =  %d \"%(Kl)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Loss coefficient  =  124 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.17 Page No : 281"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \n",
+      "ratio = 1.265\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "percent  =  (ratio-1)*100\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Increase in discharge  =  %.1f %%\"%(percent)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Increase in discharge  =  26.5 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.18 Page No : 282"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 0.6 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "l1 = 1200. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l2 = 800. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.3 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V1 = 1.02 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "d5 =  d1*l2*4**2 *Q**2 /(l1*math.pi**2 *V1**2)\n",
+      "d = d5**(1./5)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"diameter of the single pipe  =  %.2f m\"%(d)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "diameter of the single pipe  =  0.65 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.19 Page No : 284"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "Q = 0.18 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "d3 = 0.3\t\t\t#m\n",
+      "f = 0.032           #friction factor\n",
+      "L3 = 360. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z = 25.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z2 = 30. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "L2 = 450. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.45\t\t\t#m\n",
+      "L1 = 950. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.45 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "zn = 18. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "rho = 1000.\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "V3 = Q/(math.pi/4 *d3**2)\n",
+      "hl3 = f*L3/d3 *(V3**2 /(2*g))\n",
+      "Z2 = z+hl3\n",
+      "hl2 = Z2-z2\n",
+      "V2 =  math.sqrt(2*g*d2*hl2/(f*L2))\n",
+      "Q2 = math.pi/4 *d2**2 *V2\n",
+      "V1 = V2+ (d3/d2)**2 *V3\n",
+      "hl1 = f*L1/d1*V1**2 /(2*g)\n",
+      "Hp =  hl1+ Z2-zn\n",
+      "gam = rho*g\n",
+      "P = gam*Hp\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Discharge into the reservoir  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q2)\n",
+      "print \" Pressure maintained by the pump  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(P/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Discharge into the reservoir  =  0.356 m**3/s\n",
+        " Pressure maintained by the pump  =  582.34 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.20 Page No : 285"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "z1 = 10. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z2 = 5. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "z3 = 7.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "f = 0.04 \n",
+      "l1 = 100. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l2 = 50. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l3 = 70. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d1 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d2 = 0.075 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d3 = 0.06 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "g = 9.81 \t\t\t#m/s**2\n",
+      "h = array([1, 2, 1.9, 1.96])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "Q1 = sqrt(d1**5 *(math.pi/4)**2 *2*g/(f*l1)) *sqrt(z1-h)\n",
+      "Q2 = sqrt(d2**5 *(math.pi/4)**2 *2*g/(f*l2)) *sqrt(h+z2)\n",
+      "Q3 = sqrt(d3**5 *(math.pi/4)**2 *2*g/(f*l3)) *sqrt(h+z3)\n",
+      "for i in range(4):\n",
+      "    Q = Q2[i]+Q3[i]\n",
+      "    if (Q1[i]  ==  Q):\n",
+      "        break;\n",
+      "    print \"height h  =  %.2f m\"%(h[i])\n",
+      "    print \"Discharge in BC Q2  =  %.2f lps\"%((Q2[i])*1000)\n",
+      "    print \"Discharge in BD Q3  =  %.2f lps\"%((Q3[i])*1000)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "# note : rounding off error.    "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "height h  =  1.00 m\n",
+        "Discharge in BC Q2  =  9.28 lps\n",
+        "Discharge in BD Q3  =  5.35 lps\n",
+        "height h  =  2.00 m\n",
+        "Discharge in BC Q2  =  10.03 lps\n",
+        "Discharge in BD Q3  =  5.65 lps\n",
+        "height h  =  1.90 m\n",
+        "Discharge in BC Q2  =  9.95 lps\n",
+        "Discharge in BD Q3  =  5.62 lps\n",
+        "height h  =  1.96 m\n",
+        "Discharge in BC Q2  =  10.00 lps\n",
+        "Discharge in BD Q3  =  5.64 lps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.21 Page No : 290"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "e = 0.8\n",
+      "output = 400. \t\t#kW\n",
+      "H = 150. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "f = 0.028\n",
+      "l = 1250. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "gam = rho*g\n",
+      "inpu = output/e\n",
+      "Q = inpu*10**3 /(2./3 *gam*H)\n",
+      "hl = 1./3 *H\n",
+      "d5 =  f*l*Q**2 /(2*g* math.pi/4 * math.pi/4 *hl)\n",
+      "d = d5**(1./5)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Smallest diameter of pen stock  =  %d cm\"%(d*100)\n",
+      "    "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Smallest diameter of pen stock  =  43 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.22 Page No : 291"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "f = 0.04\n",
+      "H = 30. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "l = 200. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "d = 0.075 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "g = 9.81\n",
+      "rho = 1000.\n",
+      "gam = rho*g\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "h = 2/3. *H\n",
+      "vj = math.sqrt(2.*g*h)\n",
+      "hl =  1/3. *H\n",
+      "V =  math.sqrt(hl*d*2*g/(f*l))\n",
+      "dj =  d*(math.sqrt(V/vj))\n",
+      "Power =  2/3. *gam*math.pi/4. *d**2 *V*H\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Size of nozzle  =  %.1f cm\"%(dj*100)\n",
+      "print \" Max power  =  %.2f kW\"%(Power/1000)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Size of nozzle  =  2.0 cm\n",
+        " Max power  =  1.18 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch8.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85eb3fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:994ba4703f91ead0a5ff4da6459451af8490fc9d0d26864c4973279092fd8132"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8 : Uniform Open Channel Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1 Page No : 306"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "b = 4. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "y = 1.2 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "sf = 0.001\n",
+      "n = 0.012\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = b*y\n",
+      "R = A/(b+ 2*y)\n",
+      "Q = 1/n *A*R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "T = gam*R*sf\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Discharge  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "print \" bed shear  =  %.2f N/m**2\"%(T)\n",
+      "#The answer in textbook is wrong for discharge. Please use a calculator."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Discharge  =  10.442 m**3/s\n",
+        " bed shear  =  7.36 N/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2 Page No : 306"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "b = 6. \t\t    \t#m\n",
+      "y = 2. \t\t\t    #m\n",
+      "sf = 0.005\n",
+      "slope  =  2.\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "Q = 65. \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = (b+ 2*y)*slope\n",
+      "P = b+ 2*y*math.sqrt(slope**2 +1)\n",
+      "R = A/P\n",
+      "V = Q/A\n",
+      "n = R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2) /V\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Value of mannings coefficient  =  %.3f\"%(n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of mannings coefficient  =  0.026\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3 Page No : 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "b = 3. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y = 1. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "sf = 0.005      #slope\n",
+      "n = 0.028       \n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "Q = 0.25 \t\t\t#discharge - m**3/s\n",
+      "slope = 1.5\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A =  0.5 *b*y\n",
+      "P = 2*math.sqrt(1 + (slope)**2)\n",
+      "R = A/P\n",
+      "yx =  Q*n/(slope * R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2))\n",
+      "y =  yx**(3./8)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"depth  =  %.2f m\"%(y)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "depth  =  0.45 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4 Page No : 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "sf = 0.0064         #slope\n",
+      "n = 0.015\n",
+      "Q = 6.   \t\t\t#discharge - m**3/s\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "AR =  n*Q/math.sqrt(sf)\n",
+      "print (\"On trial and error, \")\n",
+      "y = 0.385 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "print \"normal depth  =  %.3f m\"%(y)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "On trial and error, \n",
+        "normal depth  =  0.385 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5 Page No : 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\\\n",
+      "sf = 0.00007\n",
+      "n = 0.013\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "V = 0.45 \t\t\t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "Q = 1.4 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "by = Q/V\n",
+      "#x = poly(0,\"x\")\n",
+      "#y = roots(x**2 -2.66*x +1.55)\n",
+      "y = roots([1,-2.66,1.55])\n",
+      "b = by/y\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"y  =  \", y \n",
+      "print \"corresponding b = \" ,b"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y  =   [ 1.7978675  0.8621325]"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "corresponding b =  [ 1.73044516  3.60862294]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6 Page No : 310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "sf = 0.0016         #slope\n",
+      "n = 0.02\n",
+      "Q = 0.84 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "y53 =  Q*n/math.sqrt(sf)\n",
+      "y = y53**(3./5)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"depth of flow  =  %.2f m\"%(y)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "depth of flow  =  0.59 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7 Page No : 313"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "n = 0.015\n",
+      "Q = 1.3 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "V = 0.6 \t\t\t#m/s\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "alpha = 60. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "A = 0.5 *(1./2)**2 *(180-alpha)/180 *math.pi -(1./4)**2 *math.radians(math.tan(alpha))\n",
+      "A = 0.206\n",
+      "P = 0.5*(180-alpha)/180 *math.pi\n",
+      "R = A/P\n",
+      "d2 = V*n/(R**(2./3))\n",
+      "d8 =  Q*n*4*4**(2./3) /math.pi\n",
+      "d = math.sqrt(d8/d2)\n",
+      "sf =  (d2**2/d**(4./3))\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Diameter  =  %.2f m\"%(d)\n",
+      "print \" slope  =  %.5f \"%(sf)\n",
+      "#The answer given in textbook is wrong. please check"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Diameter  =  1.53 m\n",
+        " slope  =  0.00040 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No : 315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "b = 0.5 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y = 0.35 \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "sf = 0.001          #slope\n",
+      "nc = 0.016\n",
+      "gam = 9.81*1000\n",
+      "Q = 0.15 \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = b*y\n",
+      "P =  b+ 2*y\n",
+      "R = A/P\n",
+      "ng = 1/Q *A*R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "n =  (b*nc**(3./2) + 2*y*ng**(3./2))**(2./3) /(P**(2./3))\n",
+      "Q2 = 1/n *A*R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"flow in case 2  =  %.3f m**3/s\"%(Q2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "flow in case 2  =  0.120 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9 Page No : 316"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "b1 = 8. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b2 = 5. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y = 5.  \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b5 = 15. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b3 = 3. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "b4 = 3. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y2 = 2. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "y3 = 3. \t\t\t#m\n",
+      "n1 = 0.025\n",
+      "n2 = 0.035\n",
+      "sf = 0.0008\n",
+      "\t\t\t#calcuations\n",
+      "A =  (b1+b2)*y\n",
+      "P =  b1+ math.sqrt(b2**2 +y**2) + math.sqrt(b3**2 +b4**2)\n",
+      "R = A/P\n",
+      "Q1 = 1/n1 *A*R**(2./3) *sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "A2  =  b5*y2 - 0.5*y2*y2 + 0.5*y3*y2\n",
+      "P2 =  b5 + math.sqrt(b4**2 + y3**2)\n",
+      "R2 = A2/P2\n",
+      "Q2 =  1/n2 *A2*R2**(2./3) *sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "Q = Q1+Q2\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Total discharge  =  %.f m**3/s\"%(Q)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Total discharge  =  200 m**3/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10 Page No : 320"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 12. \t\t\t#m**3/s\n",
+      "n = 0.023\n",
+      "A = 2.472\n",
+      "b = 0.472\n",
+      "sf = 1./8000\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "y8 =  Q*n/A *2**(2./3) /sf**(1./2)\n",
+      "y = y8**(3./8)\n",
+      "b2 =  b*y\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"depth  =  %.3f m\"%(y)\n",
+      "print \" width  =  %.2f m\"%(b2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "depth  =  2.819 m\n",
+        " width  =  1.33 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11 Page No : 320"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "Q = 30. \n",
+      "V = 1.\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "A = Q/V\n",
+      "y  =  math.sqrt(A/(math.sqrt(2) + 0.5))\n",
+      "b =  (A- 0.5*y**2)/y\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"width  =  %.2f m\"%(b)\n",
+      "print \" depth  =  %.2f m\"%(y)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "width  =  5.60 m\n",
+        " depth  =  3.96 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch9.ipynb b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d60bcd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/ch9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a18675a96e26e95bc119a7095e6c5f784a91bb484f337fa10d53e05acf798c32"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9 : Potential Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.4 Page No : 339"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "k = 1.5\n",
+      "r = 40. \t    \t\t#cm\n",
+      "theta = 45. \t\t\t#degrees\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "vr =  -2*k*r*math.cos(math.radians(2*theta))\n",
+      "vt =  2*k*r*math.sin(math.radians(2*theta))\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"velocity in radial direction  =  %d cm/s\"%(vr)\n",
+      "print \" velcoity in angular direction  =  %d cm/s\"%(vt)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "velocity in radial direction  =  0 cm/s\n",
+        " velcoity in angular direction  =  120 cm/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14 Page No : 371"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "T = 4.5                 #m^2/s\n",
+      "a = 0.6                 #diameter - m\n",
+      "u = 5. \t\t        \t#velocity - m/s\n",
+      "rho = 1000. \t\t\t#kg/m**3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "sint = 0.5*(1- T/(2*math.pi*a*u))\n",
+      "theta =  math.degrees(math.asin((sint)))\n",
+      "dp =  0.5*rho*u**2 *(1 - (2 + T/(2*math.pi*a*u))**2)\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"Angle  =  %.1f or %.1f degrees\"%(theta,180-theta)\n",
+      "print \" Min guage pressure  =  %.2f kN/m**2\"%(dp/1000)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#The answer in textbook is wrong. please check"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Angle  =  22.4 or 157.6 degrees\n",
+        " Min guage pressure  =  -50.15 kN/m**2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.15 Page No : 371"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#Initialization of variables\n",
+      "T = 6*math.pi\n",
+      "r = 1./3\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#calculations\n",
+      "vab = T/(4*math.pi)\n",
+      "vba =  T/(2*math.pi)\n",
+      "w = vab/r\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "#results\n",
+      "print \"rate of rotation  =  %.1f rad/s\"%(w)\n",
+      "print \"speed of A by B  =  %.1f m/s\"%(vab)\n",
+      "print \"speed of B by A  =  %.1f m/s\"%(vba)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "rate of rotation  =  4.5 rad/s\n",
+        "speed of A by B  =  1.5 m/s\n",
+        "speed of B by A  =  3.0 m/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/10TheBoundaryLayer.png b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/10TheBoundaryLayer.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87f14437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/10TheBoundaryLayer.png
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/1BasicConcepts.png b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/1BasicConcepts.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d530f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/1BasicConcepts.png
diff --git a/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/9PotentialFlow.png b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/9PotentialFlow.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76999ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_Of_Fluid_Mechanics/screenshots/9PotentialFlow.png
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/README.txt b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fc96069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Tejas Dodiya
+Course: others
+College/Institute/Organization: Freelance
+Department/Designation: Science
+Book Title: Principles of Data structures using C and C++
+Author: Vinu V Das
+Publisher: New Age International (P) Limited , Publishers
+Year of publication: 2006
+Isbn: 9788122428643
+Edition: 1st
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter2.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5293973c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:e69ccbb1735a0c440e4d73af0d7e8991c9d99315b31e67bbedcd0e1e4ee9909a"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2: Memory Management"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Enter the number of element(s) to be added: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "nos = []\n",
+      "for i in range(1,n+1):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter the %d element: \" %i\n",
+      "    nos.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "sum = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(0,n):\n",
+      "    sum += nos[i]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The SUM of no(s) is: %d\" %sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of element(s) to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the 1 element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the 2 element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the 3 element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the 4 element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The SUM of no(s) is: 10\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter3.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a5b19bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c98469f20d33ab4fe0f1fcb5a671c040610d80e4c529865895fc0cc3edbc9a24"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "raw",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3: The Stack"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(pu):\n",
+      "    if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "        print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the element to be inserted: \"\n",
+      "        item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        pu.stack.append(item)\n",
+      "        pu.top += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(po):\n",
+      "    if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        item = po.stack[po.top]\n",
+      "        po.top-=1\n",
+      "        print \"The item deleted is: %d\" %item\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def traverse(pt):\n",
+      "    if(pt.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The element(s) in the stack are...\"\n",
+      "        i = pt.top\n",
+      "        while(i>=0):\n",
+      "            print \"%d\" %pt.stack[i],\n",
+      "            i-=1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ps = stack()\n",
+      "ch = 'y'\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y'):\n",
+      "    print \"1. PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. TRAVERSE\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if(choice == 1):\n",
+      "        push(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 2):\n",
+      "        pop(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 3):\n",
+      "        traverse(ps)\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"You entered a wrong choice...\"\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    print \"\\nPrint Y/y to continue\"\n",
+      "    ch = raw_input()\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. PUSH\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. TRAVERSE\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Print Y/y to continue\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. PUSH\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. TRAVERSE\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Print Y/y to continue\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Exampe 2, page no. 31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def push(self,pu):\n",
+      "        if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "            print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "        else:   \n",
+      "            print \"Enter the element to be inserted: \"\n",
+      "            item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            pu.stack.append(item)\n",
+      "            pu.top += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def pop(self,po):\n",
+      "        if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "            print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            item = po.stack[po.top]\n",
+      "            po.top-=1\n",
+      "            print \"The item deleted is: %d\" %item\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def traverse(self,pt):\n",
+      "        if(pt.top == -1):\n",
+      "            print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"The element(s) in the stack are...\"\n",
+      "            i = pt.top\n",
+      "            while(i>=0):\n",
+      "                print \"%d\" %pt.stack[i],\n",
+      "                i-=1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ps = stack()\n",
+      "ch = 'y'\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y'):\n",
+      "    print \"1. PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. TRAVERSE\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if(choice == 1):\n",
+      "        ps.push(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 2):\n",
+      "        ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "    elif(choice == 3):\n",
+      "        ps.traverse(ps)\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"You entered a wrong choice...\"\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    print \"\\nPrint Y/y to continue\"\n",
+      "    ch = raw_input()\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. PUSH\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. TRAVERSE\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Print Y/y to continue\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. PUSH\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. TRAVERSE\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be inserted: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Print Y/y to continue\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. PUSH\n",
+        "2. POP\n",
+        "3. TRAVERSE\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The element(s) in the stack are...\n",
+        "10 5 \n",
+        "Print Y/y to continue\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def fact(n):\n",
+      "    if (n<=0):\n",
+      "        return 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return n * fact(n-1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Enter a number: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "n = fact(n)\n",
+      "print \"Factorial is: %d\" %n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a number: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Factorial is: 120\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 36"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class tower:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.nodisk = 0\n",
+      "        self.fromtower = \"\"\n",
+      "        self.totower = \"\"\n",
+      "        self.auxtower = \"\"\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def hanoi(self,i, frm_t, to_t, aux_t):\n",
+      "        if(i <= 1):\n",
+      "            print \"Move from disk 1 from tower \" + frm_t + \" to tower \" + to_t\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        self.hanoi(i-1, frm_t, aux_t, to_t)\n",
+      "        print \"\\nMove from disk \" + str(i) + \" from tower \" + frm_t + \" to tower \" + to_t\n",
+      "        self.hanoi(i-1,aux_t, to_t, frm_t)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"-----------Tower of Hanoi-------------\"\n",
+      "print \"Enter number of disks: \"\n",
+      "no = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "ob = tower()\n",
+      "ob.hanoi(no,'X','Y','Z')\n",
+      "print \"Press any key to continue...\"\n",
+      "raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "-----------Tower of Hanoi-------------\n",
+        "Enter number of disks: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower X to tower Z\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 2 from tower X to tower Y\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower Z to tower Y\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 3 from tower X to tower Z\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower Y to tower X\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 2 from tower Y to tower Z\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower X to tower Z\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 4 from tower X to tower Y\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower Z to tower Y\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 2 from tower Z to tower X\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower Y to tower X\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 3 from tower Z to tower Y\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower X to tower Z\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Move from disk 2 from tower X to tower Y\n",
+        "Move from disk 1 from tower Z to tower Y\n",
+        "Press any key to continue...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 6,
+       "text": [
+        "''"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 48"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(pu,symbol):\n",
+      "    if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "        print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        pu.stack.append(symbol)\n",
+      "        pu.top += 1\n",
+      "    return pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(po):\n",
+      "    if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        symbol = po.stack.pop()\n",
+      "        po.top-=1\n",
+      "    return symbol,po\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def prec(symbol):\n",
+      "    if symbol == '(':\n",
+      "        return 1\n",
+      "    elif symbol == ')':\n",
+      "        return 2\n",
+      "    elif symbol == '+' or symbol == '-':\n",
+      "        return 3\n",
+      "    elif symbol == '*' or symbol == '/' or symbol == '%':\n",
+      "        return 4\n",
+      "    elif symbol == '^':\n",
+      "        return 5\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def infix_postfix(infix):\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    length = len(infix)\n",
+      "    ps = stack()\n",
+      "    infix += ')'\n",
+      "    ps = push(ps,'(')\n",
+      "    postfix = []\n",
+      "    for i in range(0,length+1):\n",
+      "        ret_val = prec(infix[i])\n",
+      "        if ret_val == 1:\n",
+      "            ps = push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 2):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(ch != '('):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 3):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(prec(ch) >= 3):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 4):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(prec(ch) >= 4):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 5):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(prec(ch) == 5):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps=push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            postfix.append(infix[i])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    print \"The postfix expression is: \"\n",
+      "    print postfix\n",
+      "\n",
+      "choice = 'y'\n",
+      "while (choice == 'Y' or choice == 'y'):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter an infix expression: \"\n",
+      "    infix = raw_input()\n",
+      "    infix_postfix(infix)\n",
+      "    print \"Do you want to continue? Y/y \"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an infix expression: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a+b\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The postfix expression is: \n",
+        "['a', 'b', '+']\n",
+        "Do you want to continue? Y/y \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6, page no. 52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def push(self, pu, symbol):\n",
+      "        if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "            print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            pu.stack.append(symbol)\n",
+      "            pu.top += 1\n",
+      "        return pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def pop(self, po):\n",
+      "        if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "            print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            symbol = po.stack.pop()\n",
+      "            po.top-=1\n",
+      "        return symbol,po\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "            \n",
+      "    def prec(self, symbol):\n",
+      "        if symbol == '(':\n",
+      "            return 1\n",
+      "        elif symbol == ')':\n",
+      "            return 2\n",
+      "        elif symbol == '+' or symbol == '-':\n",
+      "            return 3\n",
+      "        elif symbol == '*' or symbol == '/' or symbol == '%':\n",
+      "            return 4\n",
+      "        elif symbol == '^':\n",
+      "            return 5\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def infix_postfix(infix):\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    length = len(infix)\n",
+      "    ps = stack()\n",
+      "    infix += ')'\n",
+      "    ps = ps.push(ps,'(')\n",
+      "    postfix = []\n",
+      "    for i in range(0,length+1):\n",
+      "        ret_val = ps.prec(infix[i])\n",
+      "        if ret_val == 1:\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 2):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(ch != '('):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 3):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(ps.prec(ch) >= 3):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 4):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(ps.prec(ch) >= 4):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        elif(ret_val == 5):\n",
+      "            ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            while(ps.prec(ch) == 5):\n",
+      "                postfix.append(ch)\n",
+      "                ch,ps = ps.pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,ch)\n",
+      "            ps = ps.push(ps,infix[i])\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            postfix.append(infix[i])\n",
+      "    print \"The postfix expression is: \"\n",
+      "    print postfix\n",
+      "\n",
+      "choice = 'y'\n",
+      "while (choice == 'Y' or choice == 'y'):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter an infix expression: \"\n",
+      "    infix = raw_input()\n",
+      "    infix_postfix(infix)\n",
+      "    print \"Do you want to continue? Y/y \"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an infix expression: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a+b\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The postfix expression is: \n",
+        "['a', 'b', '+']\n",
+        "Do you want to continue? Y/y \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7, page no. 57"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAXSIZE = 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class stack:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.stack = []\n",
+      "        self.top = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(pu,item):\n",
+      "    if(pu.top == MAXSIZE-1):\n",
+      "        print \"The stack is full\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        pu.stack.append(item)\n",
+      "        pu.top += 1\n",
+      "    return pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(po):\n",
+      "    if(po.top == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        item = po.stack.pop()\n",
+      "        po.top-=1\n",
+      "        return po, item\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def postfix_eval(postfix):\n",
+      "    ps = stack()\n",
+      "    for i in range(0,len(postfix)):\n",
+      "        if(postfix[i]<='9' and postfix[i]>='0'):\n",
+      "            ps = push(ps, postfix[i])\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            ps, a = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            ps, b = pop(ps)\n",
+      "            a = int(a)\n",
+      "            b = int(b)\n",
+      "            temp = 0\n",
+      "            if postfix[i] == \"+\":\n",
+      "                temp = b+a\n",
+      "            elif postfix[i] == \"-\":\n",
+      "                temp = b-a\n",
+      "            elif postfix[i] == \"*\":\n",
+      "                temp = b*a\n",
+      "            elif postfix[i] == \"/\":\n",
+      "                temp = b/a\n",
+      "            elif postfix[i] == \"%\":\n",
+      "                temp = a%b\n",
+      "            elif postfix[i] == \"^\":\n",
+      "                temp = pow(a,b)\n",
+      "            ps = push(ps, temp)\n",
+      "    ps, a = pop(ps)\n",
+      "    return a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "choice = \"y\"\n",
+      "while(choice == \"Y\" or choice == \"y\"):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter the postfix expression: \",\n",
+      "    post_fix = raw_input()\n",
+      "    print \"The post fix evaluation is \", postfix_eval(post_fix),\n",
+      "    print \"\\nYou want to continue(Y/y) ?? \"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the postfix expression: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "54+\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The post fix evaluation is  9 \n",
+        "You want to continue(Y/y) ?? \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Example 8 will be same as Example 6."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter4.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2459282d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,818 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:78073ee3f019a89e9443c28342a99a4f8760679d25266109d7f7c11d0a9e5ceb"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4: The Queue"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 68"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "MAX = 50\n",
+      "queue_arr = []\n",
+      "rear = [-1]\n",
+      "front = [-1]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert():\n",
+      "    if (rear[0] == MAX-1):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is full...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if(front[0] == -1):\n",
+      "            front[0] = 0\n",
+      "        print \"Input the element to be added: \"\n",
+      "        added_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        rear[0] = rear[0]+1\n",
+      "        queue_arr.append(added_item)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def que_del(): # del() is an inbuilt function in python so we name it as que_del here\n",
+      "    print front[0]\n",
+      "    if(front[0] == -1 or front[0]>rear[0]):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        dell = front[0]\n",
+      "        print \"Deleted element from queue is: \", queue_arr[dell]\n",
+      "        front[0] = front[0]+1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    if(front[0] == -1 or front[0]>rear[0]):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is: \"\n",
+      "        for i in range(front[0],rear[0]+1):\n",
+      "            print queue_arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1. Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"4. Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if choice == '1':\n",
+      "        insert()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '2':\n",
+      "        que_del()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '3':\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == '4':\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"You entered an invalid choice...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the element to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the element to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Queue is: \n",
+        "5 10 \n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 73"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "MAX = 50\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class circular_queue:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.cqueue_arr = []\n",
+      "        self.rear = -1\n",
+      "        self.front = -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def insert(self):\n",
+      "        if((self.front == 0 and self.rear == MAX-1) or (self.front == self.rear+1)):\n",
+      "            print \"Queue is full...\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(self.front == -1):\n",
+      "            self.front = 0\n",
+      "            self.rear = 0\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(self.rear == MAX-1):\n",
+      "                rear = 0\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                self.rear = self.rear+1\n",
+      "        print \"Enter element to be added: \"\n",
+      "        item_added = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        self.cqueue_arr.append(item_added)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def que_del(self):\n",
+      "        if(self.front == -1):\n",
+      "            print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Element deleted from queue is: \", self.cqueue_arr[self.front]\n",
+      "        if(self.front == self.rear):\n",
+      "            self.front = -1\n",
+      "            self.rear = -1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(self.front == MAX-1):\n",
+      "                self.front = 0\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                self.front += 1\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        front_pos = self.front\n",
+      "        rear_pos = self.rear\n",
+      "        if(self.front == -1):\n",
+      "            print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Queue Elements: \",\n",
+      "        if(front_pos <= rear_pos):\n",
+      "            while(front_pos <= rear_pos):\n",
+      "                print \" \", self.cqueue_arr[front_pos],\n",
+      "                front_pos += 1\n",
+      "                \n",
+      "co = circular_queue()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1. Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2. Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3. Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"4. Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        co.insert()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        co.que_del()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        co.display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"You entered an invalid choice...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter element to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter element to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter element to be added: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Queue Elements:    5   10   15 \n",
+        "1. Insert\n",
+        "2. Delete\n",
+        "3. Display\n",
+        "4. Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 80"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "MAX = 50\n",
+      "left = -1\n",
+      "right = -1\n",
+      "dqueue_arr = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# insert element to right\n",
+      "def insert_right():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    if ((left == 0 and right == MAX-1) or (left == right+1)):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is full...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    if(left == -1):\n",
+      "        left = 0\n",
+      "        right = 0\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if(right == MAX-1):\n",
+      "            right = 0;\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            right = right+1;\n",
+      "    print \"Input the element for adding in queue: \"\n",
+      "    added_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    # Inputting the element at the right\n",
+      "    dqueue_arr.append(added_item)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert_left():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    # Checking for queue overflow\n",
+      "    if ((left == 0 and right == MAX-1) or (left == right+1)):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is full...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    if (left == -1): # If queue is initially empty\n",
+      "        left = 0;\n",
+      "        right = 0;\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if (left== 0):\n",
+      "            left = MAX -1;\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            left = left-1;\n",
+      "        print \"\\nInput the element for adding in queue:\"\n",
+      "        added_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        # inputting at the left side of the queue\n",
+      "        dqueue_arr.insert(added_item,left)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# This function will delete an element from the queue from the left side\n",
+      "def delete_left():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    # Checking for queue underflow\n",
+      "    if (left == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty... \"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    # deleting the element from the left side\n",
+      "    print \"Element deleted from queue is: \", dqueue_arr[left]\n",
+      "    if(left == right): # Queue has only one element \n",
+      "        left = -1\n",
+      "        right = -1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if (left == MAX-1):\n",
+      "            left = 0\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            left = left+1\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "# Function to delete an element from the right hand side of the de-queue\n",
+      "def delete_right():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    # Checking for underflow conditions\n",
+      "    if (left == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"Element deleted from queue is : \", dqueue_arr[right]\n",
+      "    if(left == right): # queue has only one element\n",
+      "        left = -1\n",
+      "        right = -1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        if (right == 0):\n",
+      "            right = MAX-1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            right = right -1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Displaying all the contents of the queue\n",
+      "def display_queue():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    front_pos = left \n",
+      "    rear_pos = right\n",
+      "    # Checking whether the queue is empty or not\n",
+      "    if (left == -1):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    # displaying the queue elements\n",
+      "    print \"Queue elements :\",\n",
+      "    if (front_pos <= rear_pos):\n",
+      "        while(front_pos <= rear_pos):\n",
+      "            print \" \", dqueue_arr[front_pos],\n",
+      "            front_pos = front_pos + 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function to implement all the operation of the input restricted queue\n",
+      "def input_que():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    while(1):\n",
+      "        # menu options to input restricted queue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n1.Insert at right\"\n",
+      "        print \"2.Delete from left\\n\"\n",
+      "        print \"3.Delete from right\\n\"\n",
+      "        print \"4.Display\\n\"\n",
+      "        print \"5.Quit\\n\"\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter your choice : \"\n",
+      "        choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if choice == 1:\n",
+      "            insert_right()\n",
+      "            display_queue()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "            delete_left()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "            delete_right()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "            display_queue()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "            sys.exit\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"Wrong choice...\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def output_que():\n",
+      "    global left, right, dqueue_arr\n",
+      "    while(1):\n",
+      "        # menu options for output restricted queue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n1. Insert at right\"\n",
+      "        print \"2. Insert at left\"\n",
+      "        print \"3. Delete from left\"\n",
+      "        print \"4. Display\"\n",
+      "        print \"5 .Quit\"\n",
+      "        print \"Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "        choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if choice == 1:\n",
+      "            insert_right()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "            insert_left()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "            delete_left()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "            display_queue()\n",
+      "        elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "            sys.exit()\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"Wrong choice...\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Main menu options\n",
+      "print \"1. Input restricted dequeue\"\n",
+      "print \"2. Output restricted dequeue\"\n",
+      "print \"3. Enter your choice: \"\n",
+      "choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "if choice == 1:\n",
+      "    input_que()\n",
+      "elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "    output_que()\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Wrong choice...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1. Input restricted dequeue\n",
+        "2. Output restricted dequeue\n",
+        "3. Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert at right\n",
+        "2. Insert at left\n",
+        "3. Delete from left\n",
+        "4. Display\n",
+        "5 .Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the element for adding in queue: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert at right\n",
+        "2. Insert at left\n",
+        "3. Delete from left\n",
+        "4. Display\n",
+        "5 .Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input the element for adding in queue: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert at right\n",
+        "2. Insert at left\n",
+        "3. Delete from left\n",
+        "4. Display\n",
+        "5 .Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Element deleted from queue is:  5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Insert at right\n",
+        "2. Insert at left\n",
+        "3. Delete from left\n",
+        "4. Display\n",
+        "5 .Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Queue elements :   10 \n",
+        "1. Insert at right\n",
+        "2. Insert at left\n",
+        "3. Delete from left\n",
+        "4. Display\n",
+        "5 .Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter5.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d2c1e55b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2664 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:5e20632f7ffb3d70fc7aa801806e31f8dcbb60de6731597c81506e60349baa6d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5: The Linked List"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 95"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data=0, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_list(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    q = node()\n",
+      "    if(start==None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    q.link = tmp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def AddAtBeg(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp.link = start\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def AddAfter(data, pos):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    for i in range(pos-1):\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "        if(q == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\n There are less than %d elements\" %pos\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "    tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "    tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "    q.link = tmp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def Del(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if (start.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.link\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.link.link != None):\n",
+      "        if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "    if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "        tmp = q.link;\n",
+      "        q.link = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nElement %d not found\" %data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Display():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start == None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nList is empty\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    print \"\\n\\nList is : \"\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        print q.data,\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Count():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    cnt = 0\n",
+      "    while(q != None):\n",
+      "        q = q.link\n",
+      "        cnt+=1\n",
+      "    print \"Number of elements are %d\\n\" %cnt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Rev():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start.link==None):\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    p1 = start\n",
+      "    p2 = p1.link\n",
+      "    p3 = p2.link\n",
+      "    p1.link = None\n",
+      "    p2.link = p1\n",
+      "    while(p3 != None):\n",
+      "        p1=p2\n",
+      "        p2=p3\n",
+      "        p3=p3.link\n",
+      "        p2.link=p1\n",
+      "    start=p2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Search(data):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    ptr = start\n",
+      "    pos = 1\n",
+      "    while(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "        if (ptr.data == data):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\nItem %d found at position %d\" %(data, pos)\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        ptr = ptr.link\n",
+      "        pos+=1\n",
+      "    if (ptr == None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nItem %d not found in list\" %data\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Create List\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Add at beginning\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Add after\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Count\"\n",
+      "    print \"7.Reverse\"\n",
+      "    print \"8.Search\"\n",
+      "    print \"9.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice =int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nHow many nodes you want:\"\n",
+      "        n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"Enter the element: \"\n",
+      "            data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            create_list(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element : \"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        AddAtBeg(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element : \"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the position after which this element is inserted:\"\n",
+      "        pos = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        AddAfter(data,pos)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\nList is empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element for deletion:\"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        Del(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        Display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        Count()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 7:\n",
+      "        Rev()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 8:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element to be searched:\"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        Search(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 9:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nWrong choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "How many nodes you want:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "20\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "List is : \n",
+        "10 15 20 \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Number of elements are 3\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2. page no. 101"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, data=0, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = data\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class LinkedList():\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def create_list(self,data):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        if(start==None):\n",
+      "            start = tmp\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            q = start\n",
+      "        while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def AddAtBeg(self,data):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "        if(start == None):\n",
+      "            start = tmp\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            tmp.link = start\n",
+      "            start = tmp\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def AddAfter(self,data, pos):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "        for i in range(pos-1):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            if(q == None):\n",
+      "                print \"\\n\\n There are less than %d elements\" %pos\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "        tmp = node(data)\n",
+      "        tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def Del(self,data):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        if (start.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = start\n",
+      "            start = start.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "        while(q.link.link != None):\n",
+      "            if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "                tmp = q.link\n",
+      "                q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        if(q.link.data == data):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link;\n",
+      "            q.link = None\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nElement %d not found\" %data    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def Display(self):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        if(start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\nList is empty\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q=start\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nList is : \"\n",
+      "        while(q != None):\n",
+      "            print q.data,\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def Count(self):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "        cnt = 0\n",
+      "        while(q != None):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            cnt+=1\n",
+      "        print \"Number of elements are %d\\n\" %cnt\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def Rev(self):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        if(start.link==None):\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        p1 = start\n",
+      "        p2 = p1.link\n",
+      "        p3 = p2.link\n",
+      "        p1.link = None\n",
+      "        p2.link = p1\n",
+      "        while(p3 != None):\n",
+      "            p1=p2\n",
+      "            p2=p3\n",
+      "            p3=p3.link\n",
+      "            p2.link=p1\n",
+      "        start=p2\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def Search(self,data):\n",
+      "        global start\n",
+      "        ptr = start\n",
+      "        pos = 1\n",
+      "        while(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            if (ptr.data == data):\n",
+      "                print \"\\n\\nItem %d found at position %d\" %(data, pos)\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            ptr = ptr.link\n",
+      "            pos+=1\n",
+      "        if (ptr == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\nItem %d not found in list\" %data\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "l_list = LinkedList()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Create List\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Add at beginning\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Add after\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Count\"\n",
+      "    print \"7.Reverse\"\n",
+      "    print \"8.Search\"\n",
+      "    print \"9.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice =int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nHow many nodes you want:\"\n",
+      "        n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"Enter the element: \"\n",
+      "            data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            l_list.create_list(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element : \"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        l_list.AddAtBeg(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element : \"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the position after which this element is inserted:\"\n",
+      "        pos = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        l_list.AddAfter(data,pos)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        if (start == None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\n\\nList is empty\"\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element for deletion:\"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        l_list.Del(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        l_list.Display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        l_list.Count()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 7:\n",
+      "        l_list.Rev()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 8:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nEnter the element to be searched:\"\n",
+      "        data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        l_list.Search(data)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 9:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\\nWrong choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "How many nodes you want:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "List is : \n",
+        "5 10 15 \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Number of elements are 3\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at beginning\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.Search\n",
+        "9.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(top):\n",
+      "    new = node()\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element to be pushed: \",\n",
+      "    pushed_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    new.data = pushed_item\n",
+      "    new.link = top\n",
+      "    top = new\n",
+      "    return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(top):\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    if(top == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty...\"  \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp = top\n",
+      "        print \"Popped item is: \", tmp.data\n",
+      "        top = top.link\n",
+      "        tmp.link = None\n",
+      "    return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(top):\n",
+      "    if(top == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Stack is empty...\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Stack elements: \"\n",
+      "        while(top.link != None):\n",
+      "            print top.data,\n",
+      "            top = top.link\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "Top = node()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.DISPLAY\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.EXIT\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        Top = push(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        Top=pop(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        display(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()    \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\"\n",
+      "        print \"\\nDo you want to continue (Y/y) = \"\n",
+      "        ch = raw_input()\n",
+      "        if ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y':\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            sys.exit()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Stack elements: \n",
+        "10 5 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class linkList:\n",
+      "    def push(self, top):\n",
+      "        new = node()\n",
+      "        print \"Enter element to be pushed: \",\n",
+      "        pushed_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        new.data = pushed_item\n",
+      "        new.link = top\n",
+      "        top = new\n",
+      "        return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def pop(self, top):\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        if(top == None):\n",
+      "            print \"Stack is empty...\"  \n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            tmp = top\n",
+      "            print \"Popped item is: \", tmp.data\n",
+      "            top = top.link\n",
+      "            tmp.link = None\n",
+      "        return top\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def display(self, top):\n",
+      "        if(top == None):\n",
+      "            print \"Stack is empty...\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"Stack elements: \"\n",
+      "            while(top.link != None):\n",
+      "                print top.data,\n",
+      "                top = top.link\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "Top = node()\n",
+      "link_list = linkList()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.DISPLAY\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.EXIT\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        Top = link_list.push(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        Top = link_list.pop(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        link_list.display(Top)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()    \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\"\n",
+      "        print \"\\nDo you want to continue (Y/y) = \"\n",
+      "        ch = raw_input()\n",
+      "        if ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y':\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            sys.exit()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Stack elements: \n",
+        "10 5 None \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.DISPLAY\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def push(rear):\n",
+      "    new_node = node()\n",
+      "    print \"Enter the no. to be pushed: \",\n",
+      "    new_node.data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    new_node.link = None\n",
+      "    if (rear != None):\n",
+      "        rear.link = new_node\n",
+      "    rear = new_node\n",
+      "    return rear\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def pop(f, r):\n",
+      "    if f == None:\n",
+      "        print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The poped element is: \", f.data\n",
+      "        if f != r:\n",
+      "            f = f.link\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            f = None\n",
+      "    return f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def traverse(fr, re):\n",
+      "    if fr == None:\n",
+      "        print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"The element(s) is/are: \"\n",
+      "        while fr != re:\n",
+      "            print fr.data,\n",
+      "            fr = fr.link\n",
+      "        print fr.data,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rear = None\n",
+      "front = None\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.TRAVERSE\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.EXIT\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        rear = push(rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            front = rear\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        front = pop(front, rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            rear = None\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        traverse(front, rear)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()    \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\"\n",
+      "        print \"\\nDo you want to continue (Y/y) = \"\n",
+      "        ch = raw_input()\n",
+      "        if ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y':\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            sys.exit()\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the no. to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the no. to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The element(s) is/are: \n",
+        "5 10 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6, page no. 119"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.data = None\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class linkList:\n",
+      "    def push(self, rear):\n",
+      "        new_node = node()\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the no. to be pushed: \",\n",
+      "        new_node.data = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        new_node.link = None\n",
+      "        if (rear != None):\n",
+      "            rear.link = new_node\n",
+      "        rear = new_node\n",
+      "        return rear\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def pop(self, f, r):\n",
+      "        if f == None:\n",
+      "            print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"The poped element is: \", f.data\n",
+      "            if f != r:\n",
+      "                f = f.link\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                f = None\n",
+      "        return f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def traverse(self, fr, re):\n",
+      "        if fr == None:\n",
+      "            print \"The Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            print \"The element(s) is/are: \"\n",
+      "            while fr != re:\n",
+      "                print fr.data,\n",
+      "                fr = fr.link\n",
+      "            print fr.data,\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "rear = None\n",
+      "front = None\n",
+      "l = linkList()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.PUSH\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.POP\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.TRAVERSE\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.EXIT\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        rear = l.push(rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            front = rear\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        front = l.pop(front, rear)\n",
+      "        if front == None:\n",
+      "            rear = None\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        l.traverse(front, rear)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()    \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\"\n",
+      "        print \"\\nDo you want to continue (Y/y) = \"\n",
+      "        ch = raw_input()\n",
+      "        if ch == 'Y' or ch == 'y':\n",
+      "            continue\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            sys.exit()\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the no. to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the no. to be pushed: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The element(s) is/are: \n",
+        "5 10 \n",
+        "1.PUSH\n",
+        "2.POP\n",
+        "3.TRAVERSE\n",
+        "4.EXIT\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Wrong choice\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Do you want to continue (Y/y) = \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8, page no. 127"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.coef = 0.0\n",
+      "        self.expo = 0\n",
+      "        self.link = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert(start, co, ex):\n",
+      "    ptr = node()\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    tmp.coef = co\n",
+      "    tmp.expo = ex\n",
+      "    if(start==None or ex>start.expo):\n",
+      "        tmp.link=start\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        ptr=start\n",
+      "        while(ptr.link != None and ptr.link.expo > ex):\n",
+      "            ptr = ptr.link\n",
+      "            tmp.link = ptr.link\n",
+      "            ptr.link = tmp\n",
+      "            if(ptr.link==None):\n",
+      "                tmp.link = None\n",
+      "    return start\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def poly_add(p1, p2):\n",
+      "    p3 = node()\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    p3_start = None\n",
+      "    if(p1 == None and p2 == None):\n",
+      "        return p3_start\n",
+      "    while(p1 != None and p2 != None):\n",
+      "        if(p3_start == None):\n",
+      "            p3_start = tmp\n",
+      "            p3 = p3_start\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            p3.link = tmp\n",
+      "            p3 = p3.link\n",
+      "        if(p1.expo > p2.expo):\n",
+      "            tmp.coef=p1.coef\n",
+      "            tmp.expo=p1.expo\n",
+      "            p1 = p1.link\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(p2.expo > p1.expo):\n",
+      "                tmp.coef = p2.coef\n",
+      "                tmp.expo = p2.expo\n",
+      "                p2 = p2.link\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                if(p1.expo == p2.expo):\n",
+      "                    tmp.coef=p1.coef + p2.coef\n",
+      "                    tmp.expo=p1.expo\n",
+      "                    p1=p1.link\n",
+      "                    p2=p2.link\n",
+      "    while(p1!=None):\n",
+      "        tmp.coef = p1.coef\n",
+      "        tmp.expo = p1.expo\n",
+      "        if (p3_start==None):\n",
+      "            p3_start=tmp\n",
+      "            p3=p3_start\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            p3.link=tmp\n",
+      "            p3=p3.link\n",
+      "        p1=p1.link\n",
+      "    while(p2!=None):\n",
+      "        tmp.coef = p2.coef\n",
+      "        tmp.expo = p2.expo\n",
+      "        if (p3_start==None):\n",
+      "            p3_start = tmp\n",
+      "            p3 = p3_start\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            p3.link = tmp\n",
+      "            p3 = p3.link\n",
+      "        p2 = p2.link\n",
+      "    p3.link = None\n",
+      "    return p3_start\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def enter(start):\n",
+      "    print \"How many terms u want to enter: \"\n",
+      "    n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print \"Enter coeficient for term %d:\" %i\n",
+      "        co = float(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"Enter exponent for term %d:\" %i\n",
+      "        ex = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        start = insert(start,co,ex);\n",
+      "    return start\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(ptr):\n",
+      "    if (ptr==None):\n",
+      "        print \"Empty...\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    while(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "        print \"(%.1fx^%d) + \" %(ptr.coef, ptr.expo)\n",
+      "        ptr = ptr.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\b\\b \\n\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p1_start=None\n",
+      "p2_start=None\n",
+      "p3_start=None\n",
+      "print \"\\nPolynomial 1 : \"\n",
+      "p1_start = enter(p1_start)\n",
+      "print \"\\nPolynomial 2 :\"\n",
+      "p2_start = enter(p2_start)\n",
+      "p3_start = poly_add(p1_start, p2_start)\n",
+      "print \"\\nPolynomial 1 is: \"\n",
+      "display(p1_start)\n",
+      "print \"Polynomial 2 is: \"\n",
+      "display(p2_start)\n",
+      "print \"\\nAdded polynomial is: \"\n",
+      "display (p3_start)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Polynomial 1 : \n",
+        "How many terms u want to enter: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter coeficient for term 0:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter exponent for term 0:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter coeficient for term 1:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter exponent for term 1:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Polynomial 2 :\n",
+        "How many terms u want to enter: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter coeficient for term 0:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter exponent for term 0:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter coeficient for term 1:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter exponent for term 1:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Polynomial 1 is: \n",
+        "(4.0x^5) + \n",
+        "(2.0x^3) + \n",
+        "\b\b \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Polynomial 2 is: \n",
+        "(3.0x^4) + \n",
+        "(1.0x^2) + \n",
+        "\b\b \n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Added polynomial is: \n",
+        "(1.0x^2) + \n",
+        "\b\b \n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9, page no. 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, info=0, next=None, prev=None):\n",
+      "        self.info = info\n",
+      "        self.next = next\n",
+      "        self.prev = prev\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = node()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_list(num):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    tmp.info = num\n",
+      "    q = node()\n",
+      "    if(start.next == None):\n",
+      "        tmp.prev = None\n",
+      "        start.prev = tmp\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "    while(q.next != None):\n",
+      "        q = q.next\n",
+      "        q.next = tmp\n",
+      "        tmp.prev = q\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def addatbeg(num):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    tmp.info = num\n",
+      "    tmp.next = start\n",
+      "    start.prev = tmp\n",
+      "    start = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def addafter(num, pos):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    for i in range(0,pos-1):\n",
+      "        q=q.next\n",
+      "        if(q==None):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nThere are less than %d elements\\n\" %pos\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    tmp.info = num\n",
+      "    q.next.prev = tmp\n",
+      "    tmp.next = q.next\n",
+      "    tmp.prev = q\n",
+      "    q.next = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def my_del(num):\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start.info==num):\n",
+      "        tmp = start\n",
+      "        start = start.next\n",
+      "        start.prev = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start;\n",
+      "    while(q.next.next != None):\n",
+      "        if(q.next.info==num):\n",
+      "            tmp=q.next\n",
+      "            q.next=tmp.next\n",
+      "            tmp.next.prev = q\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "    q = q.next\n",
+      "    if (q.next.info==num):\n",
+      "        tmp = q.next\n",
+      "        q.next = None\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\nElement %d not found\\n\" %num\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    if(start==None):\n",
+      "        print \"\\nList is empty\\n\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    q = start\n",
+      "    print \"\\nList is :\\n\"\n",
+      "    while(q!=None):\n",
+      "        print q.info,\n",
+      "        q = q.next\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def count():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    q=start\n",
+      "    cnt=0\n",
+      "    while(q!=None):\n",
+      "        q=q.next\n",
+      "        cnt+=1\n",
+      "    print \"\\nNumber of elements are \\n\", cnt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rev():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    p1=start\n",
+      "    p2=p1.next\n",
+      "    p1.next=None\n",
+      "    p1.prev=p2\n",
+      "    while(p2!=None):\n",
+      "        p2.prev=p2.next\n",
+      "        p2.next=p1\n",
+      "        p1=p2\n",
+      "        p2=p2.prev\n",
+      "    start=p1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Create List\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Add at begining\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Add after\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Count\"\n",
+      "    print \"7.Reverse\"\n",
+      "    print \"8.exit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nHow many nodes you want: \",\n",
+      "        n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"Enter the element: \",\n",
+      "            m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            create_list(m)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element: \",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        addatbeg(m)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element: \",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the position after which this element is inserted: \",\n",
+      "        po = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        addafter(m,po)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element for deletion: \",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        my_del(m);\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        count()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 7:\n",
+      "        rev()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 8:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nWrong choice\\n\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "How many nodes you want: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the element: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "List is :\n",
+        "\n",
+        "15 \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Count\n",
+        "7.Reverse\n",
+        "8.exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10, page no. 141"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, info=None, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.info = info\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "last = None\n",
+      "class Circular_Linked:\n",
+      "    def create_list(self, num):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        tmp.info = num\n",
+      "        if (last == None):\n",
+      "            last = tmp\n",
+      "            tmp.link = last\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            tmp.link = last.link\n",
+      "            last.link = tmp\n",
+      "            last = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def addatbeg(self, num):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        tmp.info = num\n",
+      "        tmp.link = last.link\n",
+      "        last.link = tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def addafter(self, num, pos):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        for i in range(0, pos-1):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            if (q == last.link):\n",
+      "                print \"There are less than \", pos, \" elements\"\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "        tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "        tmp.info = num\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "        if(q==last):\n",
+      "            last=tmp\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def my_del(self):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        if(last == None):\n",
+      "            print \"List underflow\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the number for deletion:\"\n",
+      "        num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        tmp = node()\n",
+      "        if( last.link == last and last.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = last\n",
+      "            last = None\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        if(q.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = q\n",
+      "            last.link = q.link\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        while(q.link != last):\n",
+      "            if(q.link.info == num):\n",
+      "                tmp = q.link\n",
+      "                q.link = tmp.link\n",
+      "                print num, \" deleted\"\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        if(q.link.info == num):\n",
+      "            tmp = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = last.link\n",
+      "            last = q\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        print \"Element \",num,\" not found\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        global last\n",
+      "        q = node()\n",
+      "        if(last == None):\n",
+      "            print \"List is empty\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        q = last.link\n",
+      "        print \"List is:\"\n",
+      "        while(q != last):\n",
+      "            print q.info,\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        print last.info\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "co = Circular_Linked()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Create List\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Add at begining\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Add after\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice:\"\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"How many nodes you want:\",\n",
+      "        n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nEnter the element:\",\n",
+      "            m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            co.create_list(m)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element:\",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        co.addatbeg(m)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the element:\",\n",
+      "        m = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the position after which this element is inserted:\",\n",
+      "        po = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        co.addafter(m,po)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        co.my_del()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        co.display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "How many nodes you want:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the element:"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "List is:\n",
+        "5 10 15\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Create List\n",
+        "2.Add at begining\n",
+        "3.Add after\n",
+        "4.Delete\n",
+        "5.Display\n",
+        "6.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice:\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11, page no. 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, priority=None, info=None, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.priority = priority\n",
+      "        self.info = info\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert(front):\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    q = node()\n",
+      "    print \"Input the item value to be added in the queue:\"\n",
+      "    added_item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    print \"Enter its priority:\"\n",
+      "    item_priority = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    tmp.info = added_item\n",
+      "    tmp.priority = item_priority\n",
+      "    if(front == None or item_priority < front.priority):\n",
+      "        tmp.link = front\n",
+      "        front = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        q = front\n",
+      "        while(q.link != None and q.link.priority <= item_priority):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "            q.link = tmp\n",
+      "    return front\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def my_del(front):\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    if(front == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue Underflow\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        tmp = front;\n",
+      "        print \"Deleted item is \", tmp.info\n",
+      "        front = front.link\n",
+      "    return front\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(front):\n",
+      "    ptr = node()\n",
+      "    ptr = front;\n",
+      "    if(front == None):\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is empty\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Queue is: \"\n",
+      "        print \"Priority Item \"\n",
+      "        while(ptr != None):\n",
+      "            print \"%5d %5d \" %(ptr.priority,ptr.info)\n",
+      "            ptr = ptr.link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "front = None\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice\",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        front = insert(front);\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        front = my_del(front);\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        display(front)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Display\n",
+        "4.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter6.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a11edf95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:aba1be8ae42bb18059b4160131b71a6cc6c951a9fe76f13e7e039fc1531e880b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6: Sorting Techniques"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 155"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "MAX = 20\n",
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of elements : \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter %d elements: \" %n\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"Unsorted list is : \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    xchanges=0\n",
+      "    for j in range(n-1-i):\n",
+      "        if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]):\n",
+      "            arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1],arr[j]\n",
+      "            xchanges+=1\n",
+      "    if (xchanges == 0):\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    print \"\\nAfter pass %d elements are : \" %(i+1)\n",
+      "    for k in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[k],\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is : \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 3 elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unsorted list is : \n",
+        "15 10 5 \n",
+        "After pass 1 elements are : \n",
+        "10 5 15 \n",
+        "After pass 2 elements are : \n",
+        "5 10 15 \n",
+        "Sorted list is : \n",
+        "5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 157"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def bubblesort(a, n):\n",
+      "    for i in range(1,n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(0,n-1):\n",
+      "            if (a[j] > a[j+1]):\n",
+      "                a[j], a[j+1] = a[j+1], a[j]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "l = n;\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the elements: \",\n",
+      "while(l>0):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "    l -= 1\n",
+      "bubblesort(a,n);\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted array is: \",\n",
+      "l = 0\n",
+      "while(l < n):\n",
+      "    print a[l],\n",
+      "    l += 1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Sorted array is:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 160"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(0,n-1):\n",
+      "    smallest = i\n",
+      "    for k in range(i+1,n):\n",
+      "       if (arr[smallest] > arr[k]):\n",
+      "           smallest = k\n",
+      "       if (i != smallest):\n",
+      "           arr[i], arr[smallest] = arr[smallest], arr[i]\n",
+      "    print \"\\nAfter pass %d elements are: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[j],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Unsorted list is:  15 10 5 \n",
+        "After pass 1 elements are:  5 15 10 \n",
+        "After pass 2 elements are:  5 10 15 \n",
+        "Sorted list is:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 161"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def selectionsort(a, n):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n-1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
+      "            if (a[i]>a[j]):\n",
+      "                a[i], a[j] = a[j],a[i]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "l = n\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the elements: \",\n",
+      "while(l > 0):\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "    l -= 1\n",
+      "selectionsort(a, n)\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted array: \",\n",
+      "l = 0\n",
+      "while(l < n):\n",
+      "    print a[l],\n",
+      "    l += 1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Sorted array:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 166"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],\n",
+      "for j in range (1, n):\n",
+      "    k=arr[j]\n",
+      "    i = j-1\n",
+      "    while (i>=0):\n",
+      "        if k < arr[i]:\n",
+      "            arr[i+1]=arr[i]\n",
+      "        i-=1\n",
+      "    arr[i+1]=k\n",
+      "    print \"\\nPass %d, Element inserted in proper place: %d \" %(j,k),\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Unsorted list is:  15 10 5 \n",
+        "Pass 1, Element inserted in proper place: 10  10 15 5 \n",
+        "Pass 2, Element inserted in proper place: 5  5 10 15 \n",
+        "Sorted list is:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6, page no. 169"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of elements : \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d : \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"Unsorted list is : \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter maximum increment (odd value) : \",\n",
+      "incr = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(incr>=1):\n",
+      "    for j in range(incr,n):\n",
+      "        k = arr[j]\n",
+      "        i = j-incr\n",
+      "        while (i>=0 and k < arr[i]):\n",
+      "            arr[i+incr] = arr[i]\n",
+      "            i = i-incr\n",
+      "        arr[i+incr] = k\n",
+      "    print \"\\nIncrement=%d \" %incr\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[i],\n",
+      "    incr = incr-2\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is : \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Unsorted list is :  15 10 5 \n",
+        "Enter maximum increment (odd value) : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Increment=3 \n",
+        "15 10 5 \n",
+        "Increment=1 \n",
+        "5 10 15 \n",
+        "Sorted list is :  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7, page no. 173"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def display(arr, low, up):\n",
+      "    for i in range(low, up):\n",
+      "        print arr[i],\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def quick(arr, low, up):\n",
+      "    left = low\n",
+      "    right = up\n",
+      "    piv = low\n",
+      "    pivot_placed = False\n",
+      "    print low, up\n",
+      "    if (low>=up):\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    print \"\\nSublist: \",\n",
+      "    display(arr,low,up)\n",
+      "    while(pivot_placed == False):\n",
+      "        while(arr[piv] <= arr[right] and piv != right):\n",
+      "            right=right-1\n",
+      "        if (piv==right):\n",
+      "            pivot_placed = True\n",
+      "        if (arr[piv] > arr[right]):\n",
+      "            arr[piv], arr[right] = arr[right], arr[piv]\n",
+      "            piv=right\n",
+      "        while(arr[piv]>=arr[left] and left != piv):\n",
+      "            left=left+1\n",
+      "        if (piv==left):\n",
+      "            pivot_placed = True\n",
+      "        if (arr[piv] < arr[left]):\n",
+      "            arr[piv], arr[left] = arr[left], arr[piv]\n",
+      "            piv = left\n",
+      "    print \"\\n-> Pivot Placed is %d -> \" %arr[piv]\n",
+      "    display(arr,low,up)\n",
+      "    quick(arr,low,piv-1)\n",
+      "    quick(arr,piv+1,up)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements : \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list: \",\n",
+      "display(arr, 0, n)\n",
+      "quick(arr,0, n-1)\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted List: \",\n",
+      "display(arr, 0, n)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Unsorted list:  15 10 5 0 2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Sublist:  15 10 \n",
+        "-> Pivot Placed is 15 -> \n",
+        "5 10 0 1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Sublist:  5 \n",
+        "-> Pivot Placed is 5 -> \n",
+        "5 0 -1\n",
+        "1 1\n",
+        "3 2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Sorted List:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8, page no. 177"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr1 = []\n",
+      "arr2 = []\n",
+      "arr3 = []\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements in list1: \", \n",
+      "max1 = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"\\nTake the elements in sorted order \\n\",\n",
+      "for i in range(max1):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d : \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr1.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements in list2: \"\n",
+      "max2 = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"\\nTake the elements in sorted order :\\n\"\n",
+      "for i in range(max2):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \"%(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr2.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "i = 0\n",
+      "j = 0\n",
+      "while((i < max1) and (j < max2)):\n",
+      "    if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]):\n",
+      "        arr3.append(arr1[i])\n",
+      "        i += 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        arr3.append(arr2[j])\n",
+      "        j += 1\n",
+      "while(i < max1):\n",
+      "    arr3.append(arr1[i])\n",
+      "    i += 1\n",
+      "while(j < max2):\n",
+      "    arr3.append(arr2[j])\n",
+      "    j += 1\n",
+      "print \"\\nList 1: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(max1):\n",
+      "    print arr1[i],\n",
+      "print \"\\nList 2: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(max2):\n",
+      "    print arr2[i],\n",
+      "print \"\\nMerged list: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(max1+max2):\n",
+      "    print arr3[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the number of elements in list1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Take the elements in sorted order \n",
+        "Enter element 1 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the number of elements in list2: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Take the elements in sorted order :\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 4: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 5: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "List 1:  10 15 \n",
+        "List 2:  1 2 3 4 5 \n",
+        "Merged list: \n",
+        "1 2 3 4 5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9, page no. 179"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "temp = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "size = 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while size < n:\n",
+      "    l1 = 0\n",
+      "    k = 0\n",
+      "    while(l1+size<n):\n",
+      "        h1 = l1 + (size - 1)\n",
+      "        l2 = h1 + 1\n",
+      "        h2 = l2 + (size - 1)\n",
+      "        if (h2>=n):\n",
+      "            h2 = n-1\n",
+      "        i=l1\n",
+      "        j=l2\n",
+      "        while(i<=h1 and j<=h2 ):\n",
+      "            if (arr[i]<=arr[j]):\n",
+      "                temp.append(arr[i])\n",
+      "                i += 1\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                temp.append(arr[j])\n",
+      "                j += 1\n",
+      "        while(i<=h1):\n",
+      "            temp.append(arr[i])\n",
+      "            i += 1\n",
+      "        while(j<=h2):\n",
+      "            temp.append(arr[j])\n",
+      "            j += 1\n",
+      "        l1 = h2+1\n",
+      "    for i in range (l1, n):\n",
+      "        temp.append(arr[i])\n",
+      "    for i in range(0):\n",
+      "        arr[i]=temp[i]\n",
+      "    print \"\\nSize=%d \\nElements are: \" %size\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[i],\n",
+      "    size = size * 2\n",
+      "arr = temp    \n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is:\",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print arr[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Unsorted list is:  15 10 5 \n",
+        "Size=1 \n",
+        "Elements are: \n",
+        "15 10 5 \n",
+        "Size=2 \n",
+        "Elements are: \n",
+        "15 10 5 \n",
+        "Sorted list is: 10 15 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10, page no. 181"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import zeros\n",
+      "array = []\n",
+      "def merge(low, mid, high):\n",
+      "    global array\n",
+      "    temp = zeros(len(array))\n",
+      "    i = low;\n",
+      "    j = mid +1 ;\n",
+      "    k = low ;\n",
+      "    print array\n",
+      "    while((i<=mid) and (j<=high)):\n",
+      "        if (array[i]<=array[j]):\n",
+      "            temp[k] = array[i]\n",
+      "            k += 1\n",
+      "            i += 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            temp[k] = array[j]\n",
+      "            k += 1\n",
+      "            j += 1\n",
+      "    while(i<=mid):\n",
+      "        temp[k] = array[i]\n",
+      "        k += 1\n",
+      "        i += 1\n",
+      "    while(j<=high):\n",
+      "        temp[k] = array[j]\n",
+      "        k += 1\n",
+      "        j += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    for i in range(low,high+1):\n",
+      "        array[i] = temp[i]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def merge_sort(low, high):\n",
+      "    if (low != high):\n",
+      "        mid = (low+high)/2;\n",
+      "        merge_sort(low , mid)\n",
+      "        merge_sort(mid+1, high)\n",
+      "        merge(low, mid, high)\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "print \"\\nEnter the number of elements: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    array.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list is: \",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print array[i],\n",
+      "merge_sort(0, n-1)\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is :\",\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print array[i],"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of elements: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Unsorted list is:  15 10 5 [15, 10, 5]\n",
+        "[10.0, 15.0, 5]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Sorted list is : 5.0 10.0 15.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11, page no. 184"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import zeros\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, info=None, link=None):\n",
+      "        self.info = info\n",
+      "        self.link = link\n",
+      "\n",
+      "start = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    p = start\n",
+      "    while(p != None):\n",
+      "        print p.info,\n",
+      "        p = p.link\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "def large_dig(p):\n",
+      "    large = 0\n",
+      "    ndig = 0\n",
+      "    while (p!=None):\n",
+      "        if (p.info > large):\n",
+      "            large = p.info\n",
+      "        p = p.link\n",
+      "    print \"\\nLargest Element is %d\" %large\n",
+      "    while (large!=0):\n",
+      "        ndig += 1\n",
+      "        large = large/10\n",
+      "    print \"\\nNumber of digits in it are %d \" %ndig\n",
+      "    return ndig\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def digit(number, k):\n",
+      "    digit = 0\n",
+      "    for i in range (1, k+1):\n",
+      "        digit = number % 10 ;\n",
+      "        number = number /10 ;\n",
+      "    return digit\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def radix_sort():\n",
+      "    global start\n",
+      "    rear = []\n",
+      "    front = []\n",
+      "    least_sig=1;\n",
+      "    most_sig=large_dig(start);\n",
+      "    for k in range(least_sig, most_sig+1):\n",
+      "        print \"\\nPASS %d : Examining %dth digit from right\" %(k,k)\n",
+      "        for i in range(0,10):\n",
+      "            rear.append(None)\n",
+      "            front.append(None)\n",
+      "        maxdig=0\n",
+      "        mindig=9\n",
+      "        p = start\n",
+      "        while(p!=None):\n",
+      "            dig = digit(p.info, k)\n",
+      "            if (dig>maxdig):\n",
+      "                maxdig=dig\n",
+      "            if (dig<mindig):\n",
+      "                mindig=dig  \n",
+      "            if (front[dig] == None):\n",
+      "                front[dig] = p\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                rear[dig].link = p\n",
+      "            rear[dig] = p\n",
+      "            p = p.link\n",
+      "        print \"\\nmindig=%d maxdig=%d\\n\" %(mindig, maxdig)\n",
+      "        start = front[mindig]\n",
+      "        for i in range(mindig,maxdig):\n",
+      "            if (rear[i+1]!=None):\n",
+      "                rear[i].link = front[i+1]\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                rear[i+1]=rear[i];\n",
+      "        rear[maxdig].link = None\n",
+      "        print \"\\nNew list : \",\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "q = node()\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of elements in the list: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    tmp = node()\n",
+      "    tmp.info = item\n",
+      "    tmp.link = None\n",
+      "    if (start == None):\n",
+      "        start = tmp\n",
+      "        print start.info\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        q = start\n",
+      "        while(q.link != None):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "            print q.info\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "print \"\\nUnsorted list is: \",\n",
+      "display()\n",
+      "radix_sort()\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is: \"\n",
+      "display ()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements in the list: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 15\n",
+        "Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "12\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 10\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Unsorted list is:  15 10 12 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Largest Element is 15\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Number of digits in it are 2 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "PASS 1 : Examining 1th digit from right\n",
+        "\n",
+        "mindig=0 maxdig=5\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "New list :  10 12 15 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "PASS 2 : Examining 2th digit from right\n",
+        "\n",
+        "mindig=1 maxdig=1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "New list :  10 12 15 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Sorted list is: \n",
+        "10 12 15 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12, Page no. 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "n = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        print arr[i],\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert(num, loc):\n",
+      "    while(loc>0):\n",
+      "        par = (loc-1)/2;\n",
+      "        if (num<=arr[par]):\n",
+      "            arr[loc] = num\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        arr[loc] = arr[par]\n",
+      "        loc=par\n",
+      "    arr[0] = num\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_heap():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        arr.append(i)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_root(last):\n",
+      "    i=0\n",
+      "    arr[i], arr[last] = arr[last], arr[i]\n",
+      "    left = 2*i+1\n",
+      "    right = 2*i+2\n",
+      "    while(right<last):\n",
+      "        if (arr[i]>=arr[left] and arr[i]>=arr[right]):\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if (arr[right]<=arr[left]):\n",
+      "            arr[i], arr[left] = arr[left], arr[i]\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            arr[i], arr[right] = arr[right], arr[i]\n",
+      "            i=right;\n",
+      "        left=2*i+1;\n",
+      "        right=2*i+2;\n",
+      "    if (left==last-1 and arr[i]<arr[left]):\n",
+      "        arr[i], arr[left] = arr[left], arr[i]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def heap_sort():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    last = n-1\n",
+      "    while(last>0):\n",
+      "        del_root(last)\n",
+      "        last -= 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Enter number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nEntered list is: \",\n",
+      "display()\n",
+      "create_heap()\n",
+      "print \"\\nHeap is: \",\n",
+      "display()\n",
+      "heap_sort()\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted list is: \",\n",
+      "display()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Entered list is:  15 10 5 \n",
+        "Heap is:  15 10 5 \n",
+        "Sorted list is:  5 10 15\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter7.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94558c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c26c5d09848ed75dce1b0018e66d619a73d2133d6f4cf9d9908ab7addd4dbb8f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7: Searchin & Hashing"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 208"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "opt = 'y'\n",
+      "print \"nHow many elements you want to enter in the array: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\n\\nPress any key to continue...\"\n",
+      "raw_input()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while (1):\n",
+      "    if opt == 'Y' or opt == 'y':\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the element to be searched: \",\n",
+      "        item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        found = False\n",
+      "        for i in range(n):\n",
+      "            if (item == arr[i]):\n",
+      "                print \"\\n%d found at position %d\"  %(item,(i+1))\n",
+      "                found = True\n",
+      "                break\n",
+      "        if not found:\n",
+      "            print \"Item %d not found in array\" %item\n",
+      "        print \"Press (Y/y) to continue: \",\n",
+      "        opt = raw_input()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "nHow many elements you want to enter in the array: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Press any key to continue...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the element to be searched: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "5 found at position 3\n",
+        "Press (Y/y) to continue: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "arr = []\n",
+      "print \"How many elements you want to enter in the array ?: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    arr.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"\\nPress any key to continue...\",\n",
+      "raw_input()\n",
+      "opt = 'y'\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    if opt == \"Y\" or opt == \"y\":\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the element to be searched: \",\n",
+      "        item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        start = 0\n",
+      "        end = n - 1\n",
+      "        middle = (start + end)/2\n",
+      "        while(item != arr[middle] and start <= end):\n",
+      "            if (item > arr[middle]):\n",
+      "                start = middle+1\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                end = middle-1\n",
+      "            middle = (start+end)/2\n",
+      "        if (item==arr[middle]):\n",
+      "            print \"%d found at position %d\" %(item,(middle + 1));\n",
+      "        if (start>end):\n",
+      "            print \"%d not found in array\" %item\n",
+      "        print \"Press (Y/y) to continue: \",\n",
+      "        opt = raw_input()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " How many elements you want to enter in the array ?: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Press any key to continue..."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the element to be searched: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 10 found at position 2\n",
+        "Press (Y/y) to continue: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 215"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class interpolation:\n",
+      "    def InterSearch(self, arr, no):\n",
+      "        Low = 0\n",
+      "        High = no - 1\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the Number to be searched: \",\n",
+      "        key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        while(Low < High):\n",
+      "            Mid = (Low+(High-Low)) * ((key-arr[Low])/(arr[High]-arr[Low]))\n",
+      "            if (key < arr[Mid]):\n",
+      "                High = Mid-1\n",
+      "            elif (key > arr[Mid]):\n",
+      "                Low = Mid+1;\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                print \"The key \", key, \" is found at the location \", Mid\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "        print \"\\nThe Key \" , key, \" is NOT found\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ob = interpolation()\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of elements: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "a = []\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter element %d: \" %(i+1),\n",
+      "    a.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "b = a\n",
+      "ob.InterSearch(b,n);\n",
+      "print \"Press any key to continue...\",\n",
+      "raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 1: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 2: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter element 3: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the Number to be searched: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The key  15  is found at the location  2\n",
+        "Press any key to continue..."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 5,
+       "text": [
+        "''"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 217"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def fib(n):\n",
+      "    f1 = 0\n",
+      "    f2 = 1\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        temp = f2\n",
+      "        f2 = (f1+f2)\n",
+      "        f1 = temp\n",
+      "    return f2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def fibonacci_search(lst, n, item):\n",
+      "    j = 1\n",
+      "    while(fib(j)<n):\n",
+      "        f1 = fib(j-2)\n",
+      "        j += 1\n",
+      "    f2 = fib(j-3)\n",
+      "    mid = n-(f1+1);\n",
+      "    while (item != lst[mid]):\n",
+      "        if(mid<0 or item > lst[mid]):\n",
+      "            if (f1==1):\n",
+      "                return -1\n",
+      "            mid = mid+f2\n",
+      "            f1 = f1-f2\n",
+      "            f2 = f2-f1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if (f2==0):\n",
+      "                return -1\n",
+      "            mid = mid-f2\n",
+      "            t = f1-f2\n",
+      "            f1 = f2\n",
+      "            f2 = t\n",
+      "    return mid\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "lst = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the total number of list: \",\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter the elements in the list \"\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Input number \", i+1, \": \",\n",
+      "    lst.append(int(raw_input()))\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number to be searched: \",\n",
+      "item = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "loc = fibonacci_search(lst, n, item)\n",
+      "if (loc != -1):\n",
+      "    print \"The number is in the list...\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"The number is not in the list...\"\n",
+      "raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the total number of list: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the elements in the list \n",
+        "Input number  1 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Input number  2 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Input number  3 : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be searched: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The number is in the list...\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 6,
+       "text": [
+        "''"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter8.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd46edee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1181 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c27bccc21274b298c9a4e263b1bbc13e122672406a37889e0a2049a62b1aa98a"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8: The Trees"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    n = 0\n",
+      "    keys = []\n",
+      "    p = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "root = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class KeyStatus:\n",
+      "    Duplicate = 0\n",
+      "    SearchFailure =1\n",
+      "    Success = 2 \n",
+      "    InsertIt = 3\n",
+      "    LessKeys = 4\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert(key):\n",
+      "    global root\n",
+      "    newnode = node()\n",
+      "    upKey = 0\n",
+      "    value, upKey, newnode = ins(root, key, upKey, newnode)\n",
+      "    if (value == KeyStatus.Duplicate):\n",
+      "        print \"Key already available\"\n",
+      "    if (value == KeyStatus.InsertIt):\n",
+      "        uproot = root\n",
+      "        root = node()\n",
+      "        root.n = 1\n",
+      "        root.keys.append(upKey)\n",
+      "        root.p.append(uproot)\n",
+      "        root.p.append(newnode)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def ins(ptr, key, upKey, newnode):\n",
+      "    newPtr = node()\n",
+      "    lastPtr = node()\n",
+      "    newKey = 0\n",
+      "    if (ptr == None):\n",
+      "        newnode = None\n",
+      "        upKey = key\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.InsertIt, upKey, newnode\n",
+      "    n = ptr.n\n",
+      "    pos = searchPos(key, ptr.keys, n)\n",
+      "    print pos\n",
+      "    if (pos < n and key == ptr.keys[pos]):\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.Duplicate, upKey, newnode\n",
+      "    value, newKey, newPtr = ins(ptr.p[pos], key, newKey, newPtr);\n",
+      "    if (value != KeyStatus.InsertIt):\n",
+      "        return value\n",
+      "    if(n < (5-1)):\n",
+      "        pos = searchPos(newKey, ptr.keys, n)\n",
+      "        for i in range(pos, n, -1):\n",
+      "            ptr.keys[i] = ptr.keys[i-1]\n",
+      "            ptr.p.append(ptr.p[i])\n",
+      "        ptr.keys.append(newKey)\n",
+      "        ptr.p.append(newPtr)\n",
+      "        ptr.n += 1\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.Success, upKey, newnode\n",
+      "    if (pos == 5 - 1):\n",
+      "        lastKey = newKey;\n",
+      "        lastPtr = newPtr;\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        lastKey = ptr.keys[5-2];\n",
+      "        lastPtr = ptr.p[5-1];\n",
+      "        for i in range(pos, 5-2, -1):\n",
+      "            ptr.keys[i] = ptr.keys[i-1]\n",
+      "            ptr.p.append(ptr.p[i])\n",
+      "        ptr.keys.append(newKey)\n",
+      "        ptr.p.append(newPtr)\n",
+      "    splitPos = (5 - 1)/2\n",
+      "    upKey = ptr.keys[splitPos]\n",
+      "    newnode = node()\n",
+      "    ptr.n = splitPos\n",
+      "    newnode.n = 5-1-splitPos\n",
+      "    for i in range(newnode.n):\n",
+      "        newnode.p[i] = ptr.p[i + splitPos + 1]\n",
+      "        if(i < newnode.n - 1):\n",
+      "            newnode.keys[i] = ptr.keys[i + splitPos + 1]\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            newnode.keys[i] = lastKey\n",
+      "    newnode.p[newnode.n] = lastPtr\n",
+      "    return KeyStatus.InsertIt, upKey, newnode\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display(ptr, blanks):\n",
+      "    if (ptr):\n",
+      "        for i in range(blanks):\n",
+      "            print \" \"\n",
+      "        for i in range(ptr.n):\n",
+      "            print \"%d \" %ptr.keys[i],\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "        for i in range(ptr.n):\n",
+      "            display(ptr.p[i], blanks+10)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def searchPos(key, key_arr, n):\n",
+      "    pos = 0\n",
+      "    while(pos < n and key > key_arr[pos]):\n",
+      "        pos += 1\n",
+      "    return pos\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def search(key):\n",
+      "    global root\n",
+      "    ptr = root\n",
+      "    print \"Search path: \"\n",
+      "    while(ptr):\n",
+      "        n = ptr.n\n",
+      "        for i in range(ptr.n):\n",
+      "            print \"%d\" %ptr.keys[i]\n",
+      "        print \"\\n\"\n",
+      "        pos = searchPos(key, ptr.keys, n);\n",
+      "        if (pos < n and key == ptr.keys[pos]):\n",
+      "            print \"\\nKey %d found in position %d of last dispalyed node\\n\" %(key,i)\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        ptr = ptr.p[pos]\n",
+      "    print \"Key %d is not available\\n\" %key\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def my_del(ptr, key):\n",
+      "    p = node()\n",
+      "    lptr = node()\n",
+      "    rptr = node()\n",
+      "    if(ptr == None):\n",
+      "        return SearchFailure;\n",
+      "    n=ptr.n\n",
+      "    key_arr = ptr.keys\n",
+      "    p = ptr.p\n",
+      "    min = (5 - 1)/2\n",
+      "    pos = searchPos(key, key_arr, n)\n",
+      "    if(p[0] == None):\n",
+      "        if (pos == n or key < key_arr[pos]):\n",
+      "            return KeyStatus.SearchFailure\n",
+      "        for i in range(pos+1, n):\n",
+      "            key_arr[i-1] = key_arr[i]\n",
+      "            p[i] = p[i+1]\n",
+      "        ptr.n -= 1\n",
+      "        temp = 0\n",
+      "        if(ptr == root):\n",
+      "            temp = 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            temp = min\n",
+      "        if(ptr.n >= temp):\n",
+      "            return KeyStatus.Success\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return KeyStatus.LessKeys\n",
+      "    if (pos < n and key == key_arr[pos]):\n",
+      "        qp = p[pos]\n",
+      "        while(True):\n",
+      "            nkey = qp.n\n",
+      "            qp1 = qp.p[nkey]\n",
+      "            if (qp1 == None):\n",
+      "                break\n",
+      "            qp = qp1\n",
+      "        key_arr[pos] = qp.keys[nkey-1]\n",
+      "        qp.keys[nkey - 1] = key\n",
+      "    value = my_del(p[pos], key)\n",
+      "    if (value != KeyStatus.LessKeys):\n",
+      "        return value\n",
+      "    if (pos > 0 and p[pos-1].n > min):\n",
+      "        pivot = pos - 1\n",
+      "        lptr = p[pivot]\n",
+      "        rptr = p[pos]\n",
+      "        rptr.p[rptr.n + 1] = rptr.p[rptr.n]\n",
+      "        for i in range(0, ptr.n, -1):\n",
+      "            rptr.keys[i] = rptr.keys[i-1];\n",
+      "            rptr.p[i] = rptr.p[i-1];\n",
+      "        rptr.n += 1\n",
+      "        rptr.keys[0] = key_arr[pivot]\n",
+      "        rptr.p[0] = lptr.p[lptr.n]\n",
+      "        key_arr[pivot] = lptr .keys[--lptr.n];\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.Success\n",
+      "    if (pos<n and p[pos+1].n > min):\n",
+      "        pivot = pos\n",
+      "        lptr = p[pivot]\n",
+      "        rptr = p[pivot+1]\n",
+      "        lptr.keys[lptr.n] = key_arr[pivot]\n",
+      "        lptr.p[lptr.n + 1] = rptr.p[0]\n",
+      "        key_arr[pivot] = rptr.keys[0]\n",
+      "        lptr.n += 1\n",
+      "        rptr.n -= 1\n",
+      "        for i in range(rptr.n):\n",
+      "            rptr.keys[i] = rptr.keys[i+1]\n",
+      "            rptr.p[i] = rptr.p[i+1]\n",
+      "        rptr .p[rptr.n] = rptr.p[rptr.n + 1]\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.Success\n",
+      "    if(pos == n):\n",
+      "        pivot = pos-1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        pivot = pos\n",
+      "    lptr = p[pivot]\n",
+      "    rptr = p[pivot+1]\n",
+      "    lptr.keys[lptr.n] = key_arr[pivot]\n",
+      "    lptr.p[lptr.n + 1] = rptr.p[0]\n",
+      "    for i in range(rptr.n):\n",
+      "        lptr.keys[lptr .n + 1 + i] = rptr.keys[i]\n",
+      "        lptr.p[lptr.n + 2 + i] = rptr.p[i+1]\n",
+      "    lptr.n = lptr.n + rptr.n +1\n",
+      "    for i in range(pos+1, n):\n",
+      "        key_arr[i-1] = key_arr[i]\n",
+      "        p[i] = p[i+1]\n",
+      "    ptr -= 1\n",
+      "    temp = 0\n",
+      "    if(ptr == root):\n",
+      "        temp = 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        temp = min\n",
+      "    if(ptr.n >= temp):\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.Success\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        return KeyStatus.LessKeys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def DelNode(key):\n",
+      "    global root\n",
+      "    uproot = node()\n",
+      "    value = my_del(root,key)\n",
+      "    if value == KeyStatus.SearchFailure:\n",
+      "        print \"Key %d is not available\" %key\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    if value == KeyStatus.LessKeys:\n",
+      "        uproot = root\n",
+      "        root = root.p[0]\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while(True):\n",
+      "    print \"1.Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Search\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice : \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the key : \",\n",
+      "        key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        insert(key)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the key : \",\n",
+      "        key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        DelNode(key)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter the key : \",\n",
+      "        key = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        search(key)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nBtree is :\\n\"\n",
+      "        display(root,0)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        import sys\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice\"\n",
+      "        break"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Search\n",
+        "4.Display\n",
+        "5.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the key : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Search\n",
+        "4.Display\n",
+        "5.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter the key : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 1\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Search\n",
+        "4.Display\n",
+        "5.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Btree is :\n",
+        "\n",
+        "5  10  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Search\n",
+        "4.Display\n",
+        "5.Quit\n",
+        "Enter your choice : "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def preorder(p):\n",
+      "    stack = []\n",
+      "    top = -1\n",
+      "    if(p != None):\n",
+      "        print p.info\n",
+      "        if(p.rchild != None):\n",
+      "            top += 1\n",
+      "            stack[top] = p.rchild\n",
+      "        p = p.lchild\n",
+      "        while(top >= -1):\n",
+      "            while ( p!= None):\n",
+      "                print p.data\n",
+      "                if(p.rchild != None):\n",
+      "                    top += 1\n",
+      "                    stack[top] = p.rchild\n",
+      "                p = p.lchild\n",
+      "            p = stack[top]\n",
+      "        top -= 1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Eample 3, page no. 253"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def inorder(p):\n",
+      "    stack = []\n",
+      "    top = -1;\n",
+      "    if(p != None):\n",
+      "        top += 1\n",
+      "        stack[top] = p\n",
+      "        p = p.lchild\n",
+      "        while(top >= 0):\n",
+      "            while ( p!= None):\n",
+      "                top += 1\n",
+      "                stack[top] = p\n",
+      "                p = p.lchild\n",
+      "            p = stack[top]\n",
+      "            top -= 1\n",
+      "            print p.data\n",
+      "            p = p.rchild\n",
+      "            if ( p != None):\n",
+      "                top += 1\n",
+      "                stack[top] = p\n",
+      "                p = p.lchild"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 257"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "def postorder(p):\n",
+      "    stack = []\n",
+      "    sig = 0\n",
+      "    sign = []\n",
+      "    top = -1\n",
+      "    if(p != None):\n",
+      "        top += 1\n",
+      "        stack[top] = p\n",
+      "        sign[top] = 1\n",
+      "        if(p.rchild != None):\n",
+      "            top += 1\n",
+      "            stack[top] = p.rchild\n",
+      "            sign[top] = -1\n",
+      "        p = p.lchild\n",
+      "        while(top >= 0):\n",
+      "            while(p != None):\n",
+      "                top += 1\n",
+      "                stack[top] = p\n",
+      "                sign[top] = 1\n",
+      "                if(p.rchild != None):\n",
+      "                    top += 1\n",
+      "                    stack[top] = p.rchild\n",
+      "                    sign[top] = -1\n",
+      "                p = p.lchild\n",
+      "            p = stack[top]\n",
+      "            sig = sign[top]\n",
+      "            top -= 1\n",
+      "            while((sig > 0) and (top >= -1)):\n",
+      "                print p.info\n",
+      "                p = stack[top]\n",
+      "                sig = sign[top]\n",
+      "                top -= 1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 264"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class BST:\n",
+      "    class node:\n",
+      "        info = None\n",
+      "        lchild = None\n",
+      "        rchild = None\n",
+      "    def __init__(self):\n",
+      "        self.root = self.node()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def find(self, item, par, loc):\n",
+      "        ptr = self.node()\n",
+      "        ptrsave = self.node()\n",
+      "        if(self.root==None):\n",
+      "            loc = None\n",
+      "            par = None\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(item == self.root.info):\n",
+      "            loc = self.root\n",
+      "            par = None\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(item < self.root.info):\n",
+      "            ptr = self.root.lchild\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            ptr = self.root.rchild\n",
+      "        ptrsave = self.root\n",
+      "        while(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            if(item == ptr.info):\n",
+      "                loc = ptr\n",
+      "                par = ptrsave\n",
+      "                return\n",
+      "            ptrsave = ptr\n",
+      "            if(item<ptr.info):\n",
+      "                ptr = ptr.lchild\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                ptr = ptr.rchild\n",
+      "        loc = None\n",
+      "        par = ptrsave\n",
+      "        return par,loc\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def case_a(self, par, loc):\n",
+      "        if(par == None):\n",
+      "            self.root = None\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(loc == par.lchild):\n",
+      "                par.lchild = None\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                par.rchild = None\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def case_b(self, par, loc):\n",
+      "        child = self.node()\n",
+      "        if(loc.lchild != None):\n",
+      "            chile = loc.lchild\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            child = loc.rchild\n",
+      "        if(par == None):\n",
+      "            self.root = None\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(loc == par.lchild):\n",
+      "                par.lchild = child\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                par.rchid = child\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def case_c(self, par, loc):\n",
+      "        ptr = self.node()\n",
+      "        ptrsave = self.node()\n",
+      "        suc = self.node()\n",
+      "        parsuc = self.node()\n",
+      "        ptrsave = loc\n",
+      "        ptr = loc.lchild\n",
+      "        while(ptr.lchild != None):\n",
+      "            ptrsave = ptr\n",
+      "            ptr = ptr.lchild\n",
+      "        suc = ptr\n",
+      "        parsuc = ptrsave\n",
+      "        if(suc.lchild == None and suc.rchild == None):\n",
+      "            self.case_a(parsuc, suc)\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            self.case_b(parsuc, suc)\n",
+      "        if(par==None):\n",
+      "            self.root = suc\n",
+      "        else:    \n",
+      "            if(loc==par.lchild):\n",
+      "                par.lchild = suc\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                par.rchild = suc\n",
+      "        suc.lchild = loc.lchild\n",
+      "        suc.rchild = loc.rchild\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def insert(self, item):\n",
+      "        tmp = self.node()\n",
+      "        parent = self.node()\n",
+      "        location = self.node()\n",
+      "        parent,location = self.find(item, parent, location)\n",
+      "        if(location != None):\n",
+      "            print \"Item already present\"\n",
+      "            raw_input()\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        tmp.info = item\n",
+      "        tmp.lchild = None\n",
+      "        tmp.rchild = None\n",
+      "        if(parent.info==None):\n",
+      "            self.root = tmp\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            if(item<parent.info):\n",
+      "                parent.lchild=tmp\n",
+      "            else:\n",
+      "                parent.rchild=tmp\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def my_del(self, item):\n",
+      "        parent = self.node()\n",
+      "        location = self.node()\n",
+      "        if(self.root==None):\n",
+      "            print \"Tree is empty\"\n",
+      "            raw_input()\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        self.find(item, parent, location)\n",
+      "        if(location==None):\n",
+      "            print \"Item not present in tree\"\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(location.lchild==None and location.rchild==None):\n",
+      "            self.case_a(parent,location)\n",
+      "        if(location.lchild!=None and location.rchild==None):\n",
+      "            self.case_b(parent,location)\n",
+      "        if(location.lchild==None and location.rchild!=None):\n",
+      "            self.case_b(parent,location)\n",
+      "        if(location.lchild!=None and location.rchild!=None):\n",
+      "            self.case_c(parent,location)\n",
+      "        delete(location)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def preorder(self, ptr):\n",
+      "        if(self.root==None):\n",
+      "            print \"Tree is empty\"\n",
+      "            raw_input()\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            print ptr.info\n",
+      "            self.preorder(ptr.lchild)\n",
+      "            self.preorder(ptr.rchild)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def inorder(self, ptr):\n",
+      "        if(self.root==None):\n",
+      "            print \"Tree is empty\"\n",
+      "            raw_input()\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            self.inorder(ptr.lchild)\n",
+      "            print ptr.info\n",
+      "            self.inorder(ptr.rchild)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def postorder(self, ptr):\n",
+      "        if(self.root==None):\n",
+      "            print \"Tree is empty\"\n",
+      "            raw_input()\n",
+      "            return\n",
+      "        if(ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            self.postorder(ptr.lchild)\n",
+      "            self.postorder(ptr.rchild)\n",
+      "            print ptr.info\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "    def display(self, ptr, level):\n",
+      "        #print ptr.info\n",
+      "        if (ptr!=None):\n",
+      "            self.display(ptr.rchild, level+1);\n",
+      "            for i in range(level):\n",
+      "                print \" \"\n",
+      "            print ptr.info\n",
+      "            self.display(ptr.lchild, level+1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "bo = BST()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\n1.Insert\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Delete\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Inorder Traversal\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Preorder Traversal\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Postorder Traversal\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Display\"\n",
+      "    print \"7.Quit\"\n",
+      "    print \"\\nEnter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the number to be inserted: \",\n",
+      "        num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        bo.insert(num)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter the number to be deleted: \",\n",
+      "        num = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        bo.my_del(num)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        bo.inorder(bo.root)\n",
+      "        raw_input()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        bo.preorder(bo.root)\n",
+      "        raw_input()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        bo.postorder(bo.root);\n",
+      "        raw_input()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        bo.display(bo.root,1);\n",
+      "        raw_input()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 7:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice...\"\n",
+      "        raw_input()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter the number to be inserted: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 2\n",
+        "3\n",
+        "4\n",
+        "5\n",
+        "6\n",
+        "7\n",
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 4\n",
+        "3\n",
+        "2\n",
+        "8\n",
+        "7\n",
+        "6\n",
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1.Insert\n",
+        "2.Delete\n",
+        "3.Inorder Traversal\n",
+        "4.Preorder Traversal\n",
+        "5.Postorder Traversal\n",
+        "6.Display\n",
+        "7.Quit\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter9.ipynb b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a76b358b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/chapter9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1894 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3af0c5b7e2b3e44b42e6890fde587cb6dc8ea3cb552c17bf7bd33e8216829d14"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9: Graphs"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 1, page no. 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "adj =[]\n",
+      "n = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(20):\n",
+      "    a = []\n",
+      "    for j in range(20):\n",
+      "        a.append(-1)\n",
+      "    adj.append(a)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_graph():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    print \"Enter number of nodes: \",\n",
+      "    n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    max_edges = n*(n-1)\n",
+      "    for i in range(1,max_edges):\n",
+      "        print \"Enter edge %d(0 0) to quit: \" %i\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destination = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if ((origin==0) and (destination==0)):\n",
+      "            break\n",
+      "        if ( origin > n or destination > n or origin<=0 or destination<=0):\n",
+      "            print \"Invalid edge! \"\n",
+      "            i -= 1 \n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            adj[origin][destination] = 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    for i in range(1,n+1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(1,n+1):\n",
+      "            print \"%4d\" %(adj[i][j]),\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert_node():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    n += 1\n",
+      "    print \"The inserted node is %d \" %n\n",
+      "    for i in range(1,n+1):\n",
+      "        adj[i][n] = 0\n",
+      "        adj[n][i] = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def delete_node(u):\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    if(n == 0):\n",
+      "        print \"Graph is empty \"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    if ( u>n ):\n",
+      "        print \"This node is not present in the graph \"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    for i in range(u, n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            adj[j][i]=adj[j][i+1]\n",
+      "            adj[i][j]=adj[i+1][j]\n",
+      "    n -= 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert_edge(u, v):\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    if (u > n):\n",
+      "        print \"Source node does not exist\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    if(v > n):\n",
+      "        print \"Destination node does not exist\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    adj[u][v] = 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_edge(u,v):\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    if (u>n or v>n or adj[u][v]==0):\n",
+      "        print \"This edge does not exist\"\n",
+      "        return\n",
+      "    adj[u][v] = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "create_graph()\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"1.Insert a node\"\n",
+      "    print \"2.Insert an edge\"\n",
+      "    print \"3.Delete a node\"\n",
+      "    print \"4.Delete an edge\"\n",
+      "    print \"5.Dispaly\"\n",
+      "    print \"6.Exit\"\n",
+      "    print \"Enter your choice: \",\n",
+      "    choice = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if choice == 1:\n",
+      "        insert_node()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 2:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter an edge to be inserted: \",\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        insert_edge(origin, destin)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 3:\n",
+      "        print \"\\nEnter a node to be deleted: \",\n",
+      "        node = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        delete_node(node)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 4:\n",
+      "        print \"Enter an edge to be deleted: \",\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        del_edge(origin,destin)\n",
+      "    elif choice == 5:\n",
+      "        display()\n",
+      "    elif choice == 6:\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Wrong choice \""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of nodes: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 1(0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter edge 2(0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter edge 3(0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter edge 4(0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1.Insert a node\n",
+        "2.Insert an edge\n",
+        "3.Delete a node\n",
+        "4.Delete an edge\n",
+        "5.Dispaly\n",
+        "6.Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "   -1    1   -1 \n",
+        "  -1   -1    1 \n",
+        "   1   -1   -1 \n",
+        "1.Insert a node\n",
+        "2.Insert an edge\n",
+        "3.Delete a node\n",
+        "4.Delete an edge\n",
+        "5.Dispaly\n",
+        "6.Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The inserted node is 4 \n",
+        "1.Insert a node\n",
+        "2.Insert an edge\n",
+        "3.Delete a node\n",
+        "4.Delete an edge\n",
+        "5.Dispaly\n",
+        "6.Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "   -1    1   -1    0 \n",
+        "  -1   -1    1    0 \n",
+        "   1   -1   -1    0 \n",
+        "   0    0    0    0 \n",
+        "1.Insert a node\n",
+        "2.Insert an edge\n",
+        "3.Delete a node\n",
+        "4.Delete an edge\n",
+        "5.Dispaly\n",
+        "6.Exit\n",
+        "Enter your choice: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2, page no. 321"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from collections import deque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class MyBFS:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, n, e, src):\n",
+      "        self.node = n\n",
+      "        self.edges = e\n",
+      "        self.source = src\n",
+      "        self.color = ['W' for i in range(0,n)]\n",
+      "        self.graph = color= [[False for i in range(0,n)] for j in range(0,n)]\n",
+      "        self.queue = deque()\n",
+      "        self.parent = [-1 for u in range(0,n)]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "        self.create_graph()\n",
+      "        self.traversal()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def create_graph(self):\n",
+      "        for u,v in self.edges:\n",
+      "            self.graph[u][v], self.graph[v][u] = True, True\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def traversal(self):\n",
+      "\n",
+      "        self.queue.append(self.source)\n",
+      "        self.color[self.source] = 'B'\n",
+      "\n",
+      "        while len(self.queue):\n",
+      "            u =  self.queue.popleft()\n",
+      "            for v in range(0,self.node):\n",
+      "                if self.graph[u][v] == True and self.color[v]=='W':\n",
+      "                    self.color[v]='B'\n",
+      "                    self.queue.append(v)\n",
+      "                    self.parent[v]=u\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    def show_path(self, destin):\n",
+      "        if destin == self.source:\n",
+      "            print destin,\n",
+      "        elif self.parent[destin] == -1:\n",
+      "            print \"No Path\"\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            self.show_path(self.parent[destin])\n",
+      "            print \"-> \",destin,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter Number of nodes: \",        \n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    print \"Enter edges (0 0) to quit: \",\n",
+      "    origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if(origin == 0 and destin == 0):\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    temp = [origin, destin]\n",
+      "    e.append(temp)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "print \"Enter source: \"\n",
+      "src = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "print \"Enter destination to be searched: \"\n",
+      "destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "#sample [(0,1),(0,3),(1,2),(1,5),(2,7),(3,4),(3,6),(4,5),(5,7)]\n",
+      "bfs = MyBFS(n, e, src)\n",
+      "print \"BFS Traversal\"\n",
+      "bfs.show_path(destin)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter Number of nodes: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "10\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edges (0 0) to quit: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter source: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter destination to be searched: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "BFS Traversal\n",
+        "0 ->  1 ->  4 ->  9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3, page no. 326"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "adj =[]\n",
+      "n = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(10):\n",
+      "    a = []\n",
+      "    for j in range(10):\n",
+      "        a.append(-1)\n",
+      "    adj.append(a)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def buildadjm(adj, n):\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        for j in range(n):\n",
+      "            print \"Enter 1 if there is an edge from %d to %d, otherwise enter 0 \" %(i,j),\n",
+      "            adj[i][j] = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "            \n",
+      "def dfs(x, visited, adj, n):\n",
+      "    visited[x] = 1\n",
+      "    print \"The node visited is %d\\n\" %x\n",
+      "    for j in range(n):\n",
+      "        if (adj[x][j] ==1 and visited[j] ==0):\n",
+      "            dfs(j,visited,adj,n);\n",
+      "\n",
+      "visited  = []\n",
+      "print \"Enter the number of nodes in graph maximum = 10: \"\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "buildadjm(adj, n);\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    visited.append(0)\n",
+      "for i in range(n):\n",
+      "    if(visited[i] == 0):\n",
+      "        dfs(i,visited,adj,n);"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of nodes in graph maximum = 10: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter 1 if there is an edge from 0 to 0, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 0 to 1, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 0 to 2, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 1 to 0, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 1 to 1, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 1 to 2, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 2 to 0, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 2 to 1, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter 1 if there is an edge from 2 to 2, otherwise enter 0 "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " The node visited is 0\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The node visited is 2\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The node visited is 1\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4, page no. 332"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class edge:\n",
+      "    u = 0\n",
+      "    v = 0\n",
+      "    weight = 0\n",
+      "    link = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "front = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "father = []\n",
+      "tree = []\n",
+      "n = 0\n",
+      "wt_tree = 0\n",
+      "count = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_graph():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    print \"Enter number of nodes: \",\n",
+      "    n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    max_edges = n*(n-1)/2\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, max_edges+1):\n",
+      "        print \"Enter edge %d (0 0) to quit: \" %i\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if (origin==0 and destin == 0):\n",
+      "            break\n",
+      "        print \"Enter weight for this edge: \",\n",
+      "        wt = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if(origin > n or destin> n or origin < 0 or destin <     0):\n",
+      "            print \"Invalid edge...\"\n",
+      "            i -= 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            insert_pque(origin, destin, wt)\n",
+      "    if(i<n-1):\n",
+      "        print \"Spanning tree is not possible...\"\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert_pque(i, j, wt):\n",
+      "    global front\n",
+      "    tmp = edge()\n",
+      "    tmp.u = i\n",
+      "    tmp.v = j\n",
+      "    tmp.weight = wt\n",
+      "    if(front == None or tmp.weight < front.weight):\n",
+      "        tmp.link = front\n",
+      "        front = tmp\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        q = front\n",
+      "        while(q.link != None and q.link.weight <= tmp.weight):\n",
+      "            q = q.link\n",
+      "        tmp.link = q.link\n",
+      "        q.link = tmp\n",
+      "        if(q.link == None):\n",
+      "            tmp.link = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def make_tree():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    global wt_tree\n",
+      "    global count\n",
+      "    global father\n",
+      "    for i in range(n):\n",
+      "        father.append(0)\n",
+      "    temp = edge()\n",
+      "    root_n1 = 0\n",
+      "    root_n2 = 0\n",
+      "    while(count<n-1):\n",
+      "        print count\n",
+      "        temp = del_pque()\n",
+      "        node1 = temp.u\n",
+      "        node2 = temp.v\n",
+      "        print \"n1 = %d\" %node1\n",
+      "        print \"n2 = %d\" %node2\n",
+      "        while(node1>0):\n",
+      "            root_n1 = node1\n",
+      "            node1 = father[node1]\n",
+      "        while(node2>0):\n",
+      "            root_n2 = node2\n",
+      "            node2 = father[node2]\n",
+      "        print \"root_n1=%d\" %root_n1\n",
+      "        print \"root_n2=%d\" %root_n2\n",
+      "        if(root_n1!=root_n2):\n",
+      "            insert_tree(temp.u, temp.v, temp.weight)\n",
+      "            wt_tree = wt_tree + temp.weight\n",
+      "            father[root_n2] = root_n1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def insert_tree(i, j, wt):\n",
+      "    global count\n",
+      "    global tree\n",
+      "    print \"This edge inserted in the spanning tree: \",\n",
+      "    print count\n",
+      "    count += 1\n",
+      "    ob = edge()\n",
+      "    ob.u = i\n",
+      "    ob.v = j\n",
+      "    ob.weight = wt\n",
+      "    tree.append(ob)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def del_pque():\n",
+      "    global front\n",
+      "    tmp = edge()\n",
+      "    tmp = front\n",
+      "    print \"Edge processed is %d->%d %d\" %(tmp.u, tmp.v, tmp.weight)\n",
+      "    front = front.link\n",
+      "    return tmp\n",
+      "        \n",
+      "\n",
+      "create_graph()\n",
+      "make_tree()\n",
+      "print \"Edges to be included in spanning tree are: \",\n",
+      "print count\n",
+      "for i in range(0, count):\n",
+      "    print tree[i].u, tree[i].v\n",
+      "print \"Weight of the minimum spanning tree is: \", wt_tree"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of nodes: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 1 (0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 2 (0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 3 (0 0) to quit: \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 0\n",
+        "Edge processed is 0->1 5\n",
+        "n1 = 0\n",
+        "n2 = 1\n",
+        "root_n1=0\n",
+        "root_n2=1\n",
+        "This edge inserted in the spanning tree:  0\n",
+        "1\n",
+        "Edge processed is 1->2 7\n",
+        "n1 = 1\n",
+        "n2 = 2\n",
+        "root_n1=1\n",
+        "root_n2=2\n",
+        "This edge inserted in the spanning tree:  1\n",
+        "Edges to be included in spanning tree are:  2\n",
+        "0 1\n",
+        "1 2\n",
+        "Weight of the minimum spanning tree is:  12\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5, page no. 341"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    predecessor = 0\n",
+      "    dist = 0\n",
+      "    status = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class edge:\n",
+      "    u = 0\n",
+      "    v = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "adj = []\n",
+      "n = 0\n",
+      "TEMP = 0\n",
+      "PERM = 1\n",
+      "FALSE = 0\n",
+      "TRUE = 1\n",
+      "infinity = 9999\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(10):\n",
+      "    a = []\n",
+      "    for j in range(10):\n",
+      "        a.append(-1)\n",
+      "    adj.append(a)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "def create_graph():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    global TEMP\n",
+      "    global PERM\n",
+      "    global FALSE\n",
+      "    global TRUE\n",
+      "    global infinity\n",
+      "    print \"Enter number of vertices: \",\n",
+      "    n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    max_edges=n*(n-1)/2\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, max_edges+1):\n",
+      "        print \"Enter edge %d(0 0 to quit): \" %i\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if((origin==0) and (destin==0)):\n",
+      "            break\n",
+      "        print \"Enter weight for this edge: \",\n",
+      "        wt = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if( origin > n or destin > n or origin<=0 or destin<=0):\n",
+      "            print \"Invalid edge! \"\n",
+      "            i -= 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            adj[origin][destin]=wt\n",
+      "            adj[destin][origin]=wt\n",
+      "    if(i<n-1):\n",
+      "        print \"Spanning tree is not possible...\"\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            print \"%3d\" %(adj[i][j]),\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def all_perm(state):\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    global TEMP\n",
+      "    global PERM\n",
+      "    global FALSE\n",
+      "    global TRUE\n",
+      "    global infinity\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        if( state[i].status == TEMP ):\n",
+      "            return FALSE\n",
+      "    return TRUE\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def maketree(tree):\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    global TEMP\n",
+      "    global PERM\n",
+      "    global FALSE\n",
+      "    global TRUE\n",
+      "    global infinity\n",
+      "    state = []\n",
+      "    for i in range(n+1):\n",
+      "        state.append(0)\n",
+      "    weight=0\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        ob = node()\n",
+      "        ob.predecessor=0\n",
+      "        ob.dist = infinity\n",
+      "        ob.status = TEMP\n",
+      "        state[i] = ob\n",
+      "    state[1].predecessor = 0\n",
+      "    state[1].dist = 0\n",
+      "    state[1].status = PERM\n",
+      "    current = 1\n",
+      "    count = 0\n",
+      "    while( all_perm(state) != TRUE ):\n",
+      "        for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            if(adj[current][i] > 0 and state[i].status == TEMP):\n",
+      "                if(adj[current][i] < state[i].dist):\n",
+      "                    state[i].predecessor = current\n",
+      "                    state[i].dist = adj[current][i]\n",
+      "        min = infinity;\n",
+      "        for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            if (state[i].status == TEMP and state[i].dist < min):\n",
+      "                min = state[i].dist\n",
+      "                current = i\n",
+      "        state[current].status = PERM\n",
+      "        u1 = state[current].predecessor\n",
+      "        v1 = current\n",
+      "        count += 1\n",
+      "        tree[count].u=u1\n",
+      "        tree[count].v=v1\n",
+      "        weight = weight+adj[u1][v1]\n",
+      "    return count, weight\n",
+      "\n",
+      "path  = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "tree = []\n",
+      "for i in range(10):\n",
+      "    ob = edge()\n",
+      "    ob.u = 0\n",
+      "    ob.v = 0\n",
+      "    tree.append(ob)\n",
+      "create_graph()\n",
+      "print \"Adjacency matrix is: \"\n",
+      "display()\n",
+      "count, weight = maketree(tree)\n",
+      "print \"Weight of spanning tree is: %d\" %weight\n",
+      "print \"Edges to be included in spanning tree are: \"\n",
+      "for i in range(1, count+1):\n",
+      "    print tree[i].u, tree[i].v"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of vertices: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 1(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 2(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 3(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Adjacency matrix is: \n",
+        " -1   7   5 \n",
+        "  7  -1   6 \n",
+        "  5   6  -1 \n",
+        "Weight of spanning tree is: 11\n",
+        "Edges to be included in spanning tree are: \n",
+        "1 3\n",
+        "3 2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6, page no. 351"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "\n",
+      "TEMP = 0\n",
+      "PERM = 1\n",
+      "infinity = 9999\n",
+      "adj = [[0 for i in range(100)] for j in range(100)]\n",
+      "n = 0   \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class node:\n",
+      "    predecessor = 0\n",
+      "    dist = 0\n",
+      "    status = 0\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "for i in range(10):\n",
+      "    ob = node()\n",
+      "    adj.append(ob)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def create_graph():\n",
+      "    global TEMP\n",
+      "    global PERM\n",
+      "    global infinity\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    print \"Enter number of vertices: \",\n",
+      "    n = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    max_edges = n*(n-1)\n",
+      "    for i in  range (1, max_edges+1):\n",
+      "        print \"Enter edge %d(0 0 to quit): \" %i\n",
+      "        origin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        destin = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if((origin==0) and (destin==0)):\n",
+      "            break\n",
+      "        print \"Enter weight for this edge: \",\n",
+      "        wt = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "        if ( origin > n or destin > n or origin<=0 or destin<=0):\n",
+      "            print \"Invalid edge! \"\n",
+      "            i -= 1\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            adj[origin][destin] = wt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        for j in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            print \"%3d\" %(adj[i][j]),\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "def findpath(s, d, path, sdist):\n",
+      "    global TEMP\n",
+      "    global PERM\n",
+      "    global infinity\n",
+      "    global n\n",
+      "    state = []\n",
+      "    count = 0\n",
+      "    sdist = 0\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "        temp = node()\n",
+      "        temp.predecessor = 0\n",
+      "        temp.dist = infinity\n",
+      "        temp.status = TEMP\n",
+      "        state.append(temp)\n",
+      "    state[s-1].predecessor = 0\n",
+      "    state[s-1].dist = 0\n",
+      "    state[s-1].status = PERM\n",
+      "    current = s\n",
+      "    while(current-1 != d):\n",
+      "        for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            if (adj[current-1][i-1] > 0 and state[i-1].status == TEMP):\n",
+      "                newdist = state[current-1].dist + adj[current-1][i-1]\n",
+      "                if ( newdist < state[i-1].dist ):\n",
+      "                    state[i-1].predecessor = current-1\n",
+      "                    state[i-1].dist = newdist\n",
+      "        min = infinity\n",
+      "        current = 0\n",
+      "        for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+      "            if(state[i-1].status == TEMP and state[i-1].dist < min):\n",
+      "                min = state[i-1].dist\n",
+      "                current = i-1\n",
+      "        if(current==0):\n",
+      "            return 0\n",
+      "        state[current].status=PERM\n",
+      "    while( current!=0 ):\n",
+      "        count += 1\n",
+      "        path[count] = current\n",
+      "        current=state[current-1].predecessor\n",
+      "    for i in range(count, -1, -1):\n",
+      "        u = path[i]\n",
+      "        v = path[i-1]\n",
+      "        sdist += adj[u][v]\n",
+      "    return count\n",
+      "\n",
+      "path = []\n",
+      "create_graph()\n",
+      "print \"The adjacency matrix is: \"\n",
+      "display()\n",
+      "shortdist = 0\n",
+      "while(1):\n",
+      "    print \"\\nEnter source node(0 to quit): \",\n",
+      "    source = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    print \"\\nEnter destination node(0 to quit): \",\n",
+      "    dest = int(raw_input())\n",
+      "    if(source==0 or dest==0):\n",
+      "        sys.exit()\n",
+      "    count = findpath(source,dest,path,shortdist);\n",
+      "    if(shortdist!=0):\n",
+      "        print \"\\nShortest distance is: \", shortdist\n",
+      "        print \"\\nShortest Path is: \"\n",
+      "        for i in range(count, 1, -1):\n",
+      "            print path[i]\n",
+      "        print path[i]\n",
+      "        print \"\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"There is no path from source to destination node\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of vertices: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 1(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 2(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 3(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter weight for this edge: "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Enter edge 4(0 0 to quit): \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The adjacency matrix is: \n",
+        "  0   8   0 \n",
+        "  0   0   7 \n",
+        "  5   0   0 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter source node(0 to quit): "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter destination node(0 to quit): "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " 2\n",
+        "There is no path from source to destination node\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter source node(0 to quit): "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        "Enter destination node(0 to quit): "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "ename": "SystemExit",
+       "evalue": "",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "An exception has occurred, use %tb to see the full traceback.\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mSystemExit\u001b[0m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stderr",
+       "text": [
+        "To exit: use 'exit', 'quit', or Ctrl-D.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/graph.png b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/graph.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1112571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/graph.png
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/queue.png b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/queue.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e19e23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/queue.png
diff --git a/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/stack.png b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/stack.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0324ae7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Principles_of_Data_structures_using_C_and_C++/screenshots/stack.png
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/README.txt b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..215ec20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Vaibhav  Vajani
+Course: others
+College/Institute/Organization: brahmanand institute of management & science
+Department/Designation: Assistant Professor
+Book Title: Programming With Java A Primer
+Author: E. Balagurusamy
+Publisher: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited
+Year of publication: 2007
+Isbn: 0070617139
+Edition: 3rd
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter10.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..47f27579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:995bd55986cb75ede34cceda310ffd2c9f00a5c6e6a22d85c294456d1db3fd3f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10: Interfaces: Multiple Inheritance"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 10.1, page no. page no. 184"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "There are no interfaces in Python. We will use normal classes instead\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Rectangle:\n",
+      "    def compute(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        return x*y\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Circle:\n",
+      "    pi = 3.14\n",
+      "    def compute(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        return self.pi*x*x\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rect = Rectangle()\n",
+      "cir = Circle()\n",
+      "print \"Area of rectangle: \", rect.compute(10, 20)\n",
+      "print \"Area of circle: \", cir.compute(10, 0)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area of rectangle:  200\n",
+        "Area of circle:  314.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 10.2, page no. 211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Student(object):\n",
+      "    rollNumber = 0\n",
+      "    def getNumber(self, n):\n",
+      "        self.rollNumber = n\n",
+      "    def putNumber(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Roll No.: \", self.rollNumber\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Test(Student, object):\n",
+      "    part1 = 0.0\n",
+      "    part2 = 0.0\n",
+      "    def getMarks(self, m1, m2):\n",
+      "        self.part1 = m1\n",
+      "        self.part2 = m2\n",
+      "    def putMarks(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Marks Obtained\"\n",
+      "        print \"Part 1  = \", self.part1\n",
+      "        print \"Part 2 = \", self.part2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Results(Test):\n",
+      "    sportWt = 6.0\n",
+      "    def putWt(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Sports Wt: \", self.sportWt\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        total = self.part1 + self.part2 + self.sportWt\n",
+      "        self.putNumber()\n",
+      "        self.putMarks()\n",
+      "        self.putWt()\n",
+      "        print \"Total Score: \", total\n",
+      "\n",
+      "student1 = Results()\n",
+      "student1.getNumber(1234)\n",
+      "student1.getMarks(27.5, 33.0)\n",
+      "student1.display()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Roll No.:  1234\n",
+        "Marks Obtained\n",
+        "Part 1  =  27.5\n",
+        "Part 2 =  33.0\n",
+        "Sports Wt:  6.0\n",
+        "Total Score:  66.5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter11.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66fe04c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:661266ea5854f8cdb4c1381d519c16a00dd0491ecb04f34e084c46771d5dc464"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11: Pckages: Putting Classes Together"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 11.1, page no. 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note there are no packages in Python, a python program(file) can be used as a module in anoter Python program\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from package1 import *\n",
+      "from package2 import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = classA()\n",
+      "b = classB()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a.display()\n",
+      "b.displayB()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Class A\n",
+        "Class B\n",
+        "m =  10.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 11.2, page no. 200"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note there are no packages in Python, a python program(file) can be used as a module in anoter Python program\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from package2 import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class classC(classB):\n",
+      "    n = 20\n",
+      "    def displayC(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Class C\"\n",
+      "        print \"m = \", self.m\n",
+      "        print \"n = \", self.n\n",
+      "\n",
+      "c = classC()\n",
+      "c.displayB()\n",
+      "c.displayC()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Class B\n",
+        "m =  10.0\n",
+        "Class C\n",
+        "m =  10.0\n",
+        "n =  20\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 11.3, page no. 204"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "there is no concept of static import. We will use normal import instead\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class mathop:\n",
+      "    def circle(self, r):\n",
+      "        area = math.pi*r*r\n",
+      "        print \"The Area of circle is: \", area\n",
+      "\n",
+      "obj = mathop()\n",
+      "obj.circle(2.3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The Area of circle is:  16.6190251375\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter12.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea0f31a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:0815ba2045ff6b90ad464c5410843a3c00d29eb193c3c9a13b08fcf0be33a42e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12: Multithreaded Programming"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 12.1, page no. 211"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "note: the output will differ from that given in textbook as Threading in Python differs from that in J\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadA():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread A: i = \", i\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from A\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadB():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread B: i = \", i\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from B\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadC():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread C: i = \", i\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from C\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "thread1 = Thread(target=threadA, args=())\n",
+      "thread2 = Thread(target=threadB, args=())\n",
+      "thread3 = Thread(target=threadC, args=())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "thread1.start()\n",
+      "thread2.start()\n",
+      "thread3.start()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "From Thread C: i =  1\n",
+        "From Thread C: i =  2\n",
+        "From Thread C: i =  3\n",
+        "From Thread C: i =  4\n",
+        "From Thread C: i =  5\n",
+        "Exit from C\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  1\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  2\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  3\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  4\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  5\n",
+        "Exit from A\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  1\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  2\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  3\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  4\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  5\n",
+        "Exit from B\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 12.2, page no. 217"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "there is no yield or stop function for threads in Python. Demonstrating just sleep() function\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from threading import Thread\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import time\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadA():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread A: i = \", i\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from A\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadB():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread B: i = \", i\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from B\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def threadC():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 6):\n",
+      "        print \"From Thread C: i = \", i\n",
+      "        time.sleep(0.5)\n",
+      "    print \"Exit from C\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "thread1 = Thread(target=threadA, args=())\n",
+      "thread2 = Thread(target=threadB, args=())\n",
+      "thread3 = Thread(target=threadC, args=())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "thread1.start()\n",
+      "time.sleep(0.5)\n",
+      "thread2.start()\n",
+      "time.sleep(0.5)\n",
+      "thread3.start()\n",
+      "time.sleep(0.5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "From Thread A: i =  1\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  2\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  3\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  4\n",
+        "From Thread A: i =  5\n",
+        "Exit from A\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  1\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  2\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  3\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  4\n",
+        "From Thread B: i =  5\n",
+        "Exit from B\n",
+        "From Thread C: i =  1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#There is no way you can set priority for a thread in Python. Hence, example 12.3 is avoided"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 12.4, page no. 225"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "There is no runnable interface in Python. Will use normal threading instead\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import threading\n",
+      "class X(threading.Thread):\n",
+      "    def run(self):\n",
+      "        for i in range(1, 11):\n",
+      "            print \"ThreadX: \", i\n",
+      "        print \"End of ThreadX\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "runnable = X()\n",
+      "threadx = Thread()\n",
+      "threadx.start()\n",
+      "print \"End of main thread\"\n",
+      "runnable.run()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "End of main thread\n",
+        "ThreadX:  1\n",
+        "ThreadX:  2\n",
+        "ThreadX:  3\n",
+        "ThreadX:  4\n",
+        "ThreadX:  5\n",
+        "ThreadX:  6\n",
+        "ThreadX:  7\n",
+        "ThreadX:  8\n",
+        "ThreadX:  9\n",
+        "ThreadX:  10\n",
+        "End of ThreadX\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 69
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter13.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c07d269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:5b64344dd4b10e210167de1e2d127d9539461b4485363c51a2c3ddba9df7db38"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 13: Managing Errors & Exceptions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 13.1, page no. 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "there is no need of semicolon. We will show error for something else\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Hello Python..."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "SyntaxError",
+       "evalue": "EOL while scanning string literal (<ipython-input-1-c13cce4dd116>, line 7)",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-1-c13cce4dd116>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m7\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print \"Hello Python...\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                         ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m EOL while scanning string literal\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 13.2, page no. 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 10\n",
+      "b = 5\n",
+      "c = 5\n",
+      "x = a/(b-c)\n",
+      "print \"x = \", x\n",
+      "y = a/(b+c)\n",
+      "print \"y = \", y"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
+       "evalue": "integer division or modulo by zero",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-2-d52b7922541b>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mc\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 6\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"x = \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m: integer division or modulo by zero"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.3 page no : 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 10\n",
+      "b = 5\n",
+      "c = 5\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    x = a/(b-c)\n",
+      "except Exception,e :\n",
+      "    print \"Division by zero\"\n",
+      "y = a/(b+c)\n",
+      "print \"y = \",y"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Division by zero\n",
+        "y =  1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.4 page no : 236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import sys\n",
+      "invalid = 0\n",
+      "count = 0\n",
+      "for i in sys.argv:\n",
+      "    try:\n",
+      "        a = int(i)\n",
+      "    except:\n",
+      "        invalid += 1\n",
+      "        print \"Invalid number\" , i\n",
+      "        continue\n",
+      "    count += 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Valid Numbers : \" ,count\n",
+      "print \"Invalid numbers \",invalid\n",
+      "        "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Invalid number -c\n",
+        "Invalid number -f\n",
+        "Invalid number /tmp/tmp1tOqar/profile_default/security/kernel-082ebfe6-5650-4ba4-8bcf-cd17bc99af7a.json\n",
+        "Invalid number --IPKernelApp.parent_appname='ipython-notebook'\n",
+        "Invalid number --profile-dir\n",
+        "Invalid number /tmp/tmp1tOqar/profile_default\n",
+        "Invalid number --parent=1\n",
+        "Valid Numbers :  0\n",
+        "Invalid numbers  7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 13.5, page no. 239"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = [5,10]\n",
+      "b = 5\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    x = a[2]/b - a[1]\n",
+      "except AssertionError:\n",
+      "    print \"AssertionError:\"\n",
+      "except IndexError:\n",
+      "    print \"Array Index Error\"\n",
+      "except Exception:\n",
+      "    print \"Any Error\"\n",
+      "y = a[1]/a[0]\n",
+      "print \"y = \" , y "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Array Index Error\n",
+        "y =  2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.6 page no : 239"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "x = 5\n",
+      "y = 1000\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class MyException(Exception):\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, message):\n",
+      "        Exception.__init__(self, message)\n",
+      "    def error(self):\n",
+      "        print self.message\n",
+      "\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    z = x/y\n",
+      "    if(z<0.01):\n",
+      "        raise MyException(\"Number is too small\")\n",
+      "except MyException, error:\n",
+      "    print \"Caught MyException\"\n",
+      "    print error.message\n",
+      "finally:\n",
+      "    print \"I am always here\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Caught MyException\n",
+        "Number is too small\n",
+        "I am always here\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter16.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter16.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8bd99a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:218fbe19da172953280529e0559355d55a34bf2741e9ecd127042579a2a52e47"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 16: Managing Input/Output file"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 16.1, page no. 300"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "fr = open(\"input.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "fw = open(\"output.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "my_str = fr.readline()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for letter in my_str:\n",
+      "   fw.write(letter)   \n",
+      "#close a file\n",
+      "fr.close()\n",
+      "fw.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.2, page no. 303"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "fw = open(\"cities.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "cities = ['Delhi\\n','Madras\\n','London\\n'];\n",
+      "count = len(cities)\n",
+      "for city in cities:\n",
+      "    fw.write(city)   \n",
+      "fw.close()\n",
+      "fr = open(\"cities.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "for line in fr.readlines():\n",
+      "    print line,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Delhi\n",
+        "Madras\n",
+        "London\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.3 is done using CLI which is not possible in IPython Notebook"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.4, page no. 305"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "there is no bytes stream in Python. We will use normal file operations to copy from one file to another\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fr = open(\"in.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "fw = open(\"out.txt\", \"w\")\n",
+      "for line in fr.readlines():\n",
+      "   fw.write(line)       \n",
+      "fr.close()\n",
+      "fw.close()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fw = open(\"out.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "for line in fw.readlines():\n",
+      "    print line"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Java programming for internet.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Javascript for webpage develpoment.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Perl for server side scripting.\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.5, page no. 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: In Python you can store data in file only as string.\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fos = open(\"prim.dat\", \"w\")\n",
+      "fos.write(str(1999)+'\\n')\n",
+      "fos.write(str(375.85)+'\\n')\n",
+      "fos.write(str(False)+'\\n')\n",
+      "fos.write(\"x\"+'\\n')\n",
+      "fos.close()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fis = open(\"prim.dat\", \"r\")\n",
+      "for line in fis.readlines():\n",
+      "    print line\n",
+      "fis.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1999\n",
+        "\n",
+        "375.85\n",
+        "\n",
+        "False\n",
+        "\n",
+        "x\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.6, page no. 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "from random import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dos = open(\"rand.dat\", \"w\")\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    for i in range(20):\n",
+      "        dos.write(str(randint(0,100))+'\\n')\n",
+      "except IOError:\n",
+      "    print IOError.message\n",
+      "finally:\n",
+      "    dos.close()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dis = open(\"rand.dat\", \"r\")\n",
+      "# Note: random numbers are generated so output will differ from that given in the textbook.\n",
+      "for line in dis.readlines():\n",
+      "    print line,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "92\n",
+        "49\n",
+        "68\n",
+        "67\n",
+        "71\n",
+        "25\n",
+        "85\n",
+        "53\n",
+        "10\n",
+        "87\n",
+        "15\n",
+        "5\n",
+        "33\n",
+        "30\n",
+        "72\n",
+        "52\n",
+        "80\n",
+        "85\n",
+        "36\n",
+        "84\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.7, page no. 310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "file1 = open(\"file1.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "file2 = open(\"file2.txt\", \"r\")\n",
+      "file3 = open(\"file3.txt\", \"a\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for line in file1.readlines():\n",
+      "    file3.write(line)\n",
+      "for line in file2.readlines():\n",
+      "    file3.write(line)\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "file1.close()\n",
+      "file2.close()\n",
+      "file3.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.8, page no. 312"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "fp = open(\"random.dat\", \"w+\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"x\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.write(str(555)+'\\n')\n",
+      "fp.write(str(3.1412)+'\\n')\n",
+      "fp.seek(0)\n",
+      "print fp.readline()\n",
+      "print fp.readline()\n",
+      "print fp.readline()\n",
+      "fp.seek(2)\n",
+      "print fp.readline()\n",
+      "fp.seek(fp.tell()+len(fp.readline()))\n",
+      "fp.write(\"False\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.seek(13)\n",
+      "print fp.readline()\n",
+      "fp.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "x\n",
+        "\n",
+        "555\n",
+        "\n",
+        "3.1412\n",
+        "\n",
+        "555\n",
+        "\n",
+        "False\n",
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.9, page no. 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "fp = open(\"cities.txt\", \"a\")\n",
+      "fp.write(\"Mumbai\\n\")\n",
+      "fp.close()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 85
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.10, page no. 315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "dos = open(\"invent.dat\", \"w\")\n",
+      "dos.write(raw_input(\"Enter code number: \")+'\\n')\n",
+      "dos.write(raw_input(\"Enter number of items: \")+'\\n')\n",
+      "dos.write(raw_input(\"Enter cost: \")+'\\n')\n",
+      "dos.close()\n",
+      "dis = open(\"invent.dat\", \"r\")\n",
+      "codeNumber = int(dis.readline())\n",
+      "totalItems = int(dis.readline())\n",
+      "itemCost = int(dis.readline())\n",
+      "totalCost = totalItems*itemCost\n",
+      "dis.close()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Code Number: \", codeNumber\n",
+      "print \"Item Cost: \", itemCost\n",
+      "print \"Total Items: \", totalItems\n",
+      "print \"Total Cost: \",  totalCost"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter code number: 1001\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter number of items: 193\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter cost: 452\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Code Number:  1001\n",
+        "Item Cost:  452\n",
+        "Total Items:  193\n",
+        "Total Cost:  87236\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 91
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter17.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter17.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8344546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter17.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:6e44d5a558f592081f494afbf193b979399d3f382d6ddf2dd199186d661ef909"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 17: Assertion & Design by Contract"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 17.1, page no. 336"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Division():\n",
+      "    def assertcheck(self, a, b):\n",
+      "        assert(b!=0), \"The value b cannot be zero\"\n",
+      "        c = a/b\n",
+      "        print \"The result is: \", c\n",
+      "div = Division()\n",
+      "div.assertcheck(5, 0)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "AssertionError",
+       "evalue": "The value b cannot be zero",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-3-39ef7600cfd3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      9\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"The result is: \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     10\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdiv\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mDivision\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 11\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdiv\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0massertcheck\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-3-39ef7600cfd3>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36massertcheck\u001b[1;34m(self, a, b)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mclass\u001b[0m \u001b[0mDivision\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0massertcheck\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 7\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32massert\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m!=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"The value b cannot be zero\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      8\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mc\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      9\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"The result is: \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m: The value b cannot be zero"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter18.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter18.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3760aefe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter18.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b65111374697402ea20166f271bb1488f1e63cc13c5da33961c35513244b0d0c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 18: Java Collections"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.1, page no. 348"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: there is no such class in Python. We will perform normal operations on array\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "arrayList = []\n",
+      "print \"Initial size of arrayList: \", len(arrayList)\n",
+      "arrayList.append(\"A\")\n",
+      "arrayList.append(\"B\")\n",
+      "arrayList.append(\"C\")\n",
+      "arrayList.append(\"D\")\n",
+      "arrayList.insert(2, \"E\")\n",
+      "print \"Changed contents of arraylist by adding element at the given index: \", arrayList\n",
+      "arrayList.pop(3)\n",
+      "arrayList.remove(\"A\")\n",
+      "print \"Changed contents of arraylist by removing element from the list: \", arrayList"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Initial size of arrayList:  0\n",
+        "Changed contents of arraylist by adding element at the given index:  ['A', 'B', 'E', 'C', 'D']\n",
+        "Changed contents of arraylist by removing element from the list:  ['B', 'E', 'D']\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.2, page no. 349"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: There is no such collection in Python. We will dqueue instead, which is very much similar\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from collections import deque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "d = deque()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class MyStack():\n",
+      "    def push1(self, o):\n",
+      "        d.appendleft(o)\n",
+      "    def push2(self, o):\n",
+      "        d.append(o)\n",
+      "    def bottom(self):\n",
+      "        return d.pop()\n",
+      "    def pop(self):\n",
+      "        return d.popleft()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Car():\n",
+      "    car1 = \"Benz\"\n",
+      "    car2 = \"Toyoto\"\n",
+      "    car3 = \"Qualis\"\n",
+      "    car4 = \"Santro\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Bird():\n",
+      "    bird1 = \"parrot\"\n",
+      "    bird2 = \"duck\"\n",
+      "    bird3 = \"raven\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "myCar = Car()\n",
+      "myBird = Bird()\n",
+      "s = MyStack()\n",
+      "s.push1(myCar.car1)\n",
+      "s.push2(myBird.bird3)\n",
+      "myCar = s.pop()\n",
+      "print \"The first element in the list: \", myCar\n",
+      "print \"The last element in the list: \", myBird.bird3"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The first element in the list:  Benz\n",
+        "The last element in the list:  raven\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.3, page no. 351"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: there is no collection hash set in Python. We will solve it in different manner\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "hs = set()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "hs.add(\"D\")\n",
+      "hs.add(\"A\")\n",
+      "hs.add(\"C\")\n",
+      "hs.add(\"B\")\n",
+      "hs.add(\"E\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#answer will differ due to difference in built-in techniques\n",
+      "print \"The elements available in the hash set are: \", hs"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The elements available in the hash set are:  set(['A', 'C', 'B', 'E', 'D'])\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#There is no TreeSet or similar collection in Python (can be done using normal list like 18.1) so skipping example 18.4"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.5, page no. 353"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: there is no vector in Python. Doing using normal lists.\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fruits = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "fruits.append(\"Apple\")\n",
+      "fruits.append(\"Orange\")\n",
+      "fruits.append(\"Grapes\")\n",
+      "fruits.append(\"Pine\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for ele in fruits:\n",
+      "    print ele"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Apple\n",
+        "Orange\n",
+        "Grapes\n",
+        "Pine\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.6, page no. 354"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "In python we can use list itself as stack\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "st = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "st.append(\"Java\")\n",
+      "st.append(\"latest\")\n",
+      "st.append(\"Edition\")\n",
+      "st.append(\"-fifth\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The elements in the Stack: \", st\n",
+      "print \"The element at the top: \", st[-1:]\n",
+      "print \"The element poped out of the stack: \", st.pop()\n",
+      "print \"The element in a stack after pop out element: \", st\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    \"The result of searching: \", st.index(\"r u\")\n",
+      "except ValueError:\n",
+      "    print \"The result of searching: \", -1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The elements in the Stack:  ['Java', 'latest', 'Edition', '-fifth']\n",
+        "The element at the top:  ['-fifth']\n",
+        "The element poped out of the stack:  -fifth\n",
+        "The element in a stack after pop out element:  ['Java', 'latest', 'Edition']\n",
+        "The result of searching:  -1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.7, page no. 355"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: we will use dictionaries\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ht ={}\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ht['item1'] = \"Apple\"\n",
+      "ht['item2'] = \"Orange\"\n",
+      "ht['item3'] = \"Grapes\"\n",
+      "ht['item4'] = \"Pine\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for key in ht.iterkeys():\n",
+      "    print ht[key]\n",
+      "    "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Orange\n",
+        "Grapes\n",
+        "Apple\n",
+        "Pine\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 18.8, page no. 357"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#Answers will differ due to difference in built-in techniques of the classes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from random import shuffle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "l = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "l.append(\"java\")\n",
+      "l.append(\"is\")\n",
+      "l.append(\"platform\")\n",
+      "l.append(\"independent\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "l_r = list(reversed(l))\n",
+      "l_r = sorted(l_r)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"List sorted in reverse order is: \"\n",
+      "for ele in l_r:\n",
+      "    print ele,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nList shuffled: \"\n",
+      "shuffle(l_r)\n",
+      "for ele in l_r:\n",
+      "    print ele,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nMinimum: \", min(l_r)\n",
+      "print \"Maximum: \", max(l_r)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "List sorted in reverse order is: \n",
+        "independent is java platform \n",
+        "List shuffled: \n",
+        "java independent is platform \n",
+        "Minimum:  independent\n",
+        "Maximum:  platform\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter3.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15da94c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:900e8c40d4fed93f16924c238f3501224263d68b0f636bde52b89454eb250cc4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3 : Overview of Java Language"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "exmple 3.1, page no. 25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "print \"Python is better than Java.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Python is better than Java.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 3.2, page no. 27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "x = 5\n",
+      "y = math.sqrt(x)\n",
+      "print \"y = \", round(y,5)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "y =  2.23607\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 3.3, page no. 28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Note: there is no need of another class here, as in Python there is no need of main class.\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Room:\n",
+      "    length = 0.0\n",
+      "    breadth = 0.0\n",
+      "    def getdata(self, a, b):\n",
+      "        self.length = a\n",
+      "        self.breadth = b\n",
+      "\n",
+      "room1 = Room()\n",
+      "room1.getdata(14.0, 10.0)\n",
+      "area = room1.length*room1.breadth\n",
+      "print \"Area = \", area"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area =  140.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 3.4, page no. 35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Hellow!\"\n",
+      "print \"Welcome to the world of Python.\"\n",
+      "print \"Let us learn Python.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hellow!\n",
+        "Welcome to the world of Python.\n",
+        "Let us learn Python.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Command line arguments cannot be taken from IPython Notebook.\n",
+      "Hence, example 3.5 is ignored.\n",
+      "\"\"\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 8,
+       "text": [
+        "'\\nCommand line arguments cannot be taken from IPython Notebook.\\nHence, example 3.5 is ignored.\\n'"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter4.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd3a6d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d5e2b3b4e2eecb1f7195196f8d754ec6a4ed41953a9ae9d18560339b9d5ef6ea"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4: Constants, Variables & Datatypes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 4.1, page no. 50"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "intnum = int(raw_input(\"Enter an Integer: \"))\n",
+      "floatnum = float(raw_input(\"Enter a Float: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"intnum = \", intnum\n",
+      "print \"floatnum = \", floatnum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter an Integer: 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a Float: 6.9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "intnum =  3\n",
+        "floatnum =  6.9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 4.2, page no. 54"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Variables Created\"\n",
+      "c = \"x\"\n",
+      "b = 50\n",
+      "s = 1996\n",
+      "i = 123456789\n",
+      "l = 1234567654321L\n",
+      "f1 = 3.142\n",
+      "f2 = 1.2e-5\n",
+      "d2 = 0.000000987\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"c = \", c\n",
+      "print \"b = \", b\n",
+      "print \"s = \", s\n",
+      "print \"i = \", i\n",
+      "print \"l = \", l\n",
+      "print \"f1 = \", f1\n",
+      "print \"f2 = \", f2\n",
+      "print \"d2 = \", d2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Types Converted\"\n",
+      "#there is no short type in python\n",
+      "s1 = b\n",
+      "s2 = i\n",
+      "n1 = float(l)\n",
+      "m1 = int(f1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"s1 = \", s1\n",
+      "print \"s2 = \", s2\n",
+      "print \"n1 = %.5e\"% n1\n",
+      "print \"m1 = \", m1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Variables Created\n",
+        "c =  x\n",
+        "b =  50\n",
+        "s =  1996\n",
+        "i =  123456789\n",
+        "l =  1234567654321\n",
+        "f1 =  3.142\n",
+        "f2 =  1.2e-05\n",
+        "d2 =  9.87e-07\n",
+        "Types Converted\n",
+        "s1 =  50\n",
+        "s2 =  123456789\n",
+        "n1 = 1.23457e+12\n",
+        "m1 =  3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 4.3, page no. 56"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(1, 10):\n",
+      "    for j in range(1, i+1):\n",
+      "        print i,\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "print \"Screen Display Done\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1 \n",
+        "2 2 \n",
+        "3 3 3 \n",
+        "4 4 4 4 \n",
+        "5 5 5 5 5 \n",
+        "6 6 6 6 6 6 \n",
+        "7 7 7 7 7 7 7 \n",
+        "8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 \n",
+        "9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 \n",
+        "Screen Display Done\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter5.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12e20bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c8fa15513a66bcc3c782e246851674786a1e5f0313759a5d553c588db3808162"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5: Operators & Expressions"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.1, page no. 62"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 20.5\n",
+      "b = 6.4\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"a = \", a\n",
+      "print \"b = \", b\n",
+      "print \"a+b = \", (a+b)\n",
+      "print \"a-b = \", (a-b)\n",
+      "print \"a*b = \", (a*b)\n",
+      "print \"a/b = \", (a/b)\n",
+      "print \"a%b = \", (a%b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a =  20.5\n",
+        "b =  6.4\n",
+        "a+b =  26.9\n",
+        "a-b =  14.1\n",
+        "a*b =  131.2\n",
+        "a/b =  3.203125\n",
+        "a%b =  1.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.2, page no. 64"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 15.0\n",
+      "b = 20.75\n",
+      "c = 15.0\n",
+      "print \"a = \", a\n",
+      "print \"b = \", b\n",
+      "print \"c = \", c\n",
+      "print \"a<b is \", (a<b)\n",
+      "print \"a>b is \", (a>b)\n",
+      "print \"a==c is \", (a==c)\n",
+      "print \"a<=c is \", (a<=c)\n",
+      "print \"a>=b is \", (a>=b)\n",
+      "print \"b!=c is \", (b!=c)\n",
+      "print \"b==(a+c) is \", (b==(a+c))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a =  15.0\n",
+        "b =  20.75\n",
+        "c =  15.0\n",
+        "a<b is  True\n",
+        "a>b is  False\n",
+        "a==c is  True\n",
+        "a<=c is  True\n",
+        "a>=b is  False\n",
+        "b!=c is  True\n",
+        "b==(a+c) is  False\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.3, page no. 67"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#there is no inrement operator in Python, we will use += instead\n",
+      "\n",
+      "m = 10\n",
+      "n = 20\n",
+      "print \"m = \", m\n",
+      "print \"n = \", n\n",
+      "m+=1\n",
+      "print \"++m = \", m \n",
+      "print \"n++ = \", n\n",
+      "n+=1\n",
+      "print \"m = \", m\n",
+      "print \"n = \", n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "m =  10\n",
+        "n =  20\n",
+        "++m =  11\n",
+        "n++ =  20\n",
+        "m =  11\n",
+        "n =  21\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.4, page no. 73"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "my_sum = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
+      "    my_sum = my_sum + (1/float(i))\n",
+      "    print \"i = \", i,\n",
+      "    print \"sum = \", my_sum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "i =  1 sum =  1.0\n",
+        "i =  2 sum =  1.5\n",
+        "i =  3 sum =  1.83333333333\n",
+        "i =  4 sum =  2.08333333333\n",
+        "i =  5 sum =  2.28333333333\n",
+        "i =  6 sum =  2.45\n",
+        "i =  7 sum =  2.59285714286\n",
+        "i =  8 sum =  2.71785714286\n",
+        "i =  9 sum =  2.82896825397\n",
+        "i =  10 sum =  2.92896825397\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.5, page no. 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "my_list = []\n",
+      "my_list.append(1)\n",
+      "my_list.append(2)\n",
+      "l = len(my_list)-1\n",
+      "total = 0\n",
+      "while l >= 0:\n",
+      "    total = total + my_list[l]\n",
+      "    l -= 1\n",
+      "print \"The total amount is \", total"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The total amount is  3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 5.6, page no. 77"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 10\n",
+      "b = 5\n",
+      "c = 8\n",
+      "d = 2\n",
+      "x = 6.4\n",
+      "y = 3.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "answer1 = a * b + c / d\n",
+      "answer2 = a * (b+c) / d\n",
+      "\n",
+      "answer3 = a/c\n",
+      "answer4 = float(a)/c\n",
+      "answer5 = a / y\n",
+      "\n",
+      "answer6 = a % c\n",
+      "answer7 = float(x%y)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "bool1 = a > b and c > d\n",
+      "bool2 = a < b and c > d\n",
+      "bool3 = a < b or c > d\n",
+      "bool4 = not(a - b == c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Order of Evaluation\"\n",
+      "print \"a * b + c / d = \", answer1\n",
+      "print \"a * (b+c) / d = \", answer2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Type Conversion\"\n",
+      "print \"a / c = \", answer3\n",
+      "print \"float(a)/c = \", answer4\n",
+      "print \"a / y = \", answer5\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Modulo Operations\"\n",
+      "print \"a % c = \", answer6\n",
+      "print \"x % y = \", answer6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Logical Operations\"\n",
+      "print \"a > b and c > d = \", bool1\n",
+      "print \"a < b and c > d = \", bool2\n",
+      "print \"a < b or c > d = \", bool3\n",
+      "print \"not(a - b == c) \", bool4"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Order of Evaluation\n",
+        "a * b + c / d =  54\n",
+        "a * (b+c) / d =  65\n",
+        "Type Conversion\n",
+        "a / c =  1\n",
+        "float(a)/c =  1.25\n",
+        "a / y =  3.33333333333\n",
+        "Modulo Operations\n",
+        "a % c =  2\n",
+        "x % y =  2\n",
+        "Logical Operations\n",
+        "a > b and c > d =  True\n",
+        "a < b and c > d =  False\n",
+        "a < b or c > d =  True\n",
+        "not(a - b == c)  True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter6.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ffd656c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:1252446619e6e4563a32f0df79325967492fbf5a5dc688c7dbacba6bd7f62327"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6: Decision Making & Branching"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 6.1, page no. 84"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "weight = [45.0, 55.0, 47.0, 51.0, 54.0]\n",
+      "height = [176.5, 174.2, 168.0, 170.7, 169.0]\n",
+      "count = 0\n",
+      "count1 = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(0, 5):\n",
+      "    if(weight[i]<50.0 and height[i]>170.0):\n",
+      "        count1 += 1\n",
+      "    count += 1\n",
+      "count2 = count - count1\n",
+      "print \"Number of persons with...\"\n",
+      "print \"Weight<50 and height>170  = \", count1\n",
+      "print \"Others = \", count2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of persons with...\n",
+        "Weight<50 and height>170  =  1\n",
+        "Others =  4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 6.2, page no. 86"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "number = [50, 65, 56, 71, 81]\n",
+      "even = 0\n",
+      "odd = 0\n",
+      "for i in range(0, len(number)):\n",
+      "    if(number[i] % 2 == 0):\n",
+      "        even += 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        odd += 1\n",
+      "print \"Even numbers = \", even, \"Odd Numbers = \", odd"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Even numbers =  2 Odd Numbers =  3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 6.3, page no. 89"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "a = 325\n",
+      "b = 712\n",
+      "c = 478\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Largets value is \",\n",
+      "if a > b:\n",
+      "    if a > c:\n",
+      "        print a\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print c\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    if c > b:\n",
+      "        print c\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print b"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Largets value is  712\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 6.4, page no. 92"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "rollnumber = [111, 222, 333, 444]\n",
+      "marks = [81, 75, 43, 58]\n",
+      "for i in range(0, len(rollnumber)):\n",
+      "    if marks[i] > 79:\n",
+      "        print rollnumber[i], \"Honours\"\n",
+      "    elif marks[i] > 59:\n",
+      "        print rollnumber[i], \"I Division\"\n",
+      "    elif marks[i] > 49:\n",
+      "        print rollnumber[i], \"II Division\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print rollnumber[i], \"Fail\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "111 Honours\n",
+        "222 I Division\n",
+        "333 Fail\n",
+        "444 II Division\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 6.5, page no. 96"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#there is switch() statement in python, we will use if...else instead\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Select your choice: \"\n",
+      "print \"M --> Madras\"\n",
+      "print \"B --> Bombay\"\n",
+      "print \"C --> Calcutta\"\n",
+      "print \"Choice --> \",\n",
+      "choice = raw_input()\n",
+      "if choice == \"M\" or choice == \"m\":\n",
+      "    print \"Madras: Booklet 5\"\n",
+      "elif choice == \"B\" or choice == \"b\":\n",
+      "    print \"Bombay: Booklet 9\"\n",
+      "elif choice == \"C\" or choice == \"c\":\n",
+      "    print \"Calcutta: Booklet 15\"\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print \"Invalid Choice (IC)\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Select your choice: \n",
+        "M --> Madras\n",
+        "B --> Bombay\n",
+        "C --> Calcutta\n",
+        "Choice --> "
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "m\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Madras: Booklet 5\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter7.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66904b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a924e86900c65c3fd8c20ee5aee9bc052eac287d056598356137191816cafe4b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7: Decision Making & Looping"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 7.1, page no. 108"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "the method shown in textbook is not possible in python.\n",
+      "We will implement in a different way\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"Enter a string. Enter quit to stop\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_str = \"\"\n",
+      "while True:\n",
+      "    c = raw_input()\n",
+      "    if c == \"quit\":\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    my_str = my_str + c + \" \"\n",
+      "print \"String you entered is: \", my_str"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string. Enter quit to stop\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Java\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "is\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Good\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "quit\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "String you entered is:  Java is Good \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 7.2, page no. 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Do.. While loop\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "row = 1\n",
+      "column = 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "while row <= 3:\n",
+      "    column = 1\n",
+      "    while column <= 3:\n",
+      "        y = row * column\n",
+      "        print \" \", y,\n",
+      "        column += 1\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "    row += 1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "  1   2   3 \n",
+        "  2   4   6 \n",
+        "  3   6   9 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 7.3, page no. 112"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "print \"2 to power-n   n          2 to power n\"\n",
+      "p = 1\n",
+      "for n in range(0,10):\n",
+      "    if n == 0:\n",
+      "        p = 1\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        p = p * 2\n",
+      "    q = float(1.0/p)\n",
+      "    print q,\"          \",n,\"          \",p"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "2 to power-n   n          2 to power n\n",
+        "1.0            0            1\n",
+        "0.5            1            2\n",
+        "0.25            2            4\n",
+        "0.125            3            8\n",
+        "0.0625            4            16\n",
+        "0.03125            5            32\n",
+        "0.015625            6            64\n",
+        "0.0078125            7            128\n",
+        "0.00390625            8            256\n",
+        "0.001953125            9            512\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 7.4, page no. 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "states = [\"TamilNadu\", \"AndhraPradesh\", \"UttarPradesh\", \"Rajasthan\"]\n",
+      "for i in range(0, len(states)):\n",
+      "    print \"Standard for-loop: state name: \", states[i]\n",
+      "print \"\"\n",
+      "for state in states:\n",
+      "    print \"Enhanced for-loop: state name: \", state\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\"\n",
+      "cities = []\n",
+      "cities.append(\"Delhi\")\n",
+      "cities.append(\"Mumbai\")\n",
+      "cities.append(\"Calcutta\")\n",
+      "cities.append(\"Chennai\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(0, len(cities)):\n",
+      "    print \"Standard for-loop: state name: \", cities[i]\n",
+      "print \"\"\n",
+      "for city in cities:\n",
+      "    print \"Enhanced for-loop: enhanced name: \", city\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"\\nIn Collection\"\n",
+      "for i in cities:\n",
+      "    print i\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  TamilNadu\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  AndhraPradesh\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  UttarPradesh\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  Rajasthan\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: state name:  TamilNadu\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: state name:  AndhraPradesh\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: state name:  UttarPradesh\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: state name:  Rajasthan\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  Delhi\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  Mumbai\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  Calcutta\n",
+        "Standard for-loop: state name:  Chennai\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: enhanced name:  Delhi\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: enhanced name:  Mumbai\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: enhanced name:  Calcutta\n",
+        "Enhanced for-loop: enhanced name:  Chennai\n",
+        "\n",
+        "In Collection\n",
+        "Delhi\n",
+        "Mumbai\n",
+        "Calcutta\n",
+        "Chennai\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 7.5, page no. 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(1,100):\n",
+      "    print \" \"\n",
+      "    if i >= 10:\n",
+      "        break\n",
+      "    for j in range(1, 100):\n",
+      "        print \" * \",\n",
+      "        if j == i:\n",
+      "            break"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " \n",
+        " *   \n",
+        " *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   \n",
+        " *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter8.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85db9833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:8fe09a5e04ffadf78c63c627faf8ee708ea9328cbf18aa701a8f4bd8d5b46292"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8: Classes, Objects & Methods"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.1, page no. 132"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Rectangle:\n",
+      "    length = 0\n",
+      "    width = 0\n",
+      "    def getData(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        self.length = x\n",
+      "        self.width = y\n",
+      "    def rectArea(self):\n",
+      "        area = self.length * self.width\n",
+      "        return area\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rect1 = Rectangle()\n",
+      "rect1.length = 15\n",
+      "rect1.width = 10\n",
+      "rect2 = Rectangle()\n",
+      "area1 = rect1.length*rect1.width\n",
+      "rect2.getData(20,12)\n",
+      "area2 = rect2.rectArea()\n",
+      "print \"Area1 = \", area1\n",
+      "print \"Area2 = \", area2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        " Area1 =  150\n",
+        "Area2 =  240\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.2, page no. 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Rectangle:\n",
+      "    length = 0\n",
+      "    width = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):\n",
+      "        self.length = x\n",
+      "        self.width = y\n",
+      "    def rectArea(self):\n",
+      "        return self.length * self.width\n",
+      "rect1 = Rectangle(15, 10)\n",
+      "area1 = rect1.rectArea()\n",
+      "print \"Area1 = \", area1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area1 =  150\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.3, page no. 136"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#there are no static methods in Python, we will use normal methods instead\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class MathOperations:\n",
+      "    def mul(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        return x*y\n",
+      "    def divide(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        return x/y\n",
+      "\n",
+      "obj = MathOperations()\n",
+      "a = obj.mul(4.0,5.0)\n",
+      "b = obj.divide(a,2.0)\n",
+      "print \"b = \", b"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "b =  10.0\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.3, page no. 137"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Nesting:\n",
+      "    m = 0\n",
+      "    n = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        self.m = x\n",
+      "        self.n = y\n",
+      "    def largest(self):\n",
+      "        if(self.m>=self.n):\n",
+      "            return self.m\n",
+      "        else:\n",
+      "            return self.n\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        large = self.largest()\n",
+      "        print \"Largest Value: \", large\n",
+      "\n",
+      "nest = Nesting(50, 40)\n",
+      "nest.display()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Largest Value:  50\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.4, page no. 139"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Room(object):\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        self.length = x\n",
+      "        self.breadth = y\n",
+      "    def area(self):\n",
+      "        return self.length*self.breadth\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class BedRoom(Room):\n",
+      "    height = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x, y, z):\n",
+      "        Room.__init__(self, x, y)\n",
+      "        self.height = z\n",
+      "    def volume(self):\n",
+      "        return self.length*self.breadth*self.height\n",
+      "\n",
+      "room1 = BedRoom(14, 12, 10)\n",
+      "area1 = room1.area()\n",
+      "volume1 = room1.volume()\n",
+      "print \"Area = \", area1\n",
+      "print \"Volume = \", volume1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Area =  168\n",
+        "Volume =  1680\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 63
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.6, page no. 142"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Super(object):\n",
+      "    x = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x):\n",
+      "        self.x = x\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Super x = \", self.x\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class Sub(Super):\n",
+      "    y = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x, y):\n",
+      "        Super.__init__(self, x)\n",
+      "        self.y = y\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "        print \"Super x = \", self.x\n",
+      "        print \"Sub y = \", self.y\n",
+      "s1 = Sub(100, 200)\n",
+      "s1.display()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Super x =  100\n",
+        "Sub y =  200\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 65
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 8.7, page no. 145"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "class Exampleprg:\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, *args):\n",
+      "        for arg in args:\n",
+      "            print \"Hello \", arg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e = Exampleprg(\"John\", \"David\", \"Suhel\")"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hello  John\n",
+        "Hello  David\n",
+        "Hello  Suhel\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter9.ipynb b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af0b5898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/chapter9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:5c730697085cba47efcd5224cc57d70aca1160f9a5e192f67596eb53b4b5b4af"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9: Arrays, Strings & Vectors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.1, page no. 157"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "number = [55, 40, 80, 65, 71]\n",
+      "print \"Given List: \",\n",
+      "for num in number:\n",
+      "    print num,\n",
+      "number = sorted(number)[: : -1]\n",
+      "print \"\\nSorted List: \",\n",
+      "for num in number:\n",
+      "    print num,"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Given List:  55 40 80 65 71 \n",
+        "Sorted List:  80 71 65 55 40\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.2, page no. 160"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "rows = 20\n",
+      "columns = 20\n",
+      "product = [[0 for x in range(rows)] for x in xrange(columns)]\n",
+      "print \"Multiplication Table\"\n",
+      "for i in range(10, rows):\n",
+      "    for j in range(10, columns):\n",
+      "        product[i][j] = i*j\n",
+      "        print \" \", product[i][j],\n",
+      "    print \" \""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Multiplication Table\n",
+        "  100   110   120   130   140   150   160   170   180   190  \n",
+        "  110   121   132   143   154   165   176   187   198   209  \n",
+        "  120   132   144   156   168   180   192   204   216   228  \n",
+        "  130   143   156   169   182   195   208   221   234   247  \n",
+        "  140   154   168   182   196   210   224   238   252   266  \n",
+        "  150   165   180   195   210   225   240   255   270   285  \n",
+        "  160   176   192   208   224   240   256   272   288   304  \n",
+        "  170   187   204   221   238   255   272   289   306   323  \n",
+        "  180   198   216   234   252   270   288   306   324   342  \n",
+        "  190   209   228   247   266   285   304   323   342   361  \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.3, page no. 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "name = [\"Madras\", \"Delhi\", \"Ahmedabad\", \"Calcutta\", \"Bombay\"]\n",
+      "name = sorted(name)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for n in name:\n",
+      "    print n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Ahmedabad\n",
+        "Bombay\n",
+        "Calcutta\n",
+        "Delhi\n",
+        "Madras\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.4, page no. 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "aString = \"Object language\"\n",
+      "print \"Original String : \", aString\n",
+      "print \"Length of String: \", len(aString)\n",
+      "for i in range(len(aString)):\n",
+      "    print \"Character at position: %d is %c\" %(i+1,aString[i])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "aString = aString.split(\" \")\n",
+      "aString.insert(1, \"-Oriented\") \n",
+      "aString = \" \".join(aString)\n",
+      "print \"Modified String: \", aString\n",
+      "aString = aString + \" improves security.\"\n",
+      "print \"Appended String: \", aString\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note : In python, string is immutable so we can not edit/update it."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Original String :  Object language\n",
+        "Length of String:  15\n",
+        "Character at position: 1 is O\n",
+        "Character at position: 2 is b\n",
+        "Character at position: 3 is j\n",
+        "Character at position: 4 is e\n",
+        "Character at position: 5 is c\n",
+        "Character at position: 6 is t\n",
+        "Character at position: 7 is  \n",
+        "Character at position: 8 is l\n",
+        "Character at position: 9 is a\n",
+        "Character at position: 10 is n\n",
+        "Character at position: 11 is g\n",
+        "Character at position: 12 is u\n",
+        "Character at position: 13 is a\n",
+        "Character at position: 14 is g\n",
+        "Character at position: 15 is e\n",
+        "Modified String:  Object -Oriented language\n",
+        "Appended String:  Object -Oriented language improves security.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.5, page no. 166"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#vector is an array only in Python & commandline arguments cannot be taken in IPython Notebook\n",
+      "\n",
+      "v1 = []\n",
+      "v1.append(\"Ada\")\n",
+      "v1.append(\"BASIC\")\n",
+      "v1.append(\"COBOL\")\n",
+      "v1.append(\"C++\")\n",
+      "v1.append(\"FORTRAN\")\n",
+      "v1.append(\"Python\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"List of Languages: \"\n",
+      "for ele in v1:\n",
+      "    print ele"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "List of Languages: \n",
+        "Ada\n",
+        "BASIC\n",
+        "COBOL\n",
+        "C++\n",
+        "FORTRAN\n",
+        "Python\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.6, page no. 169"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "There is no wrapper class in Python.\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "principalAmount = float(raw_input(\"Enter Principal Amount: \"))\n",
+      "interestRate = float(raw_input(\"Enter Interest Rate: \"))\n",
+      "numYears = float(raw_input(\"Enter Number of Years: \"))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def loan(p, r, n):\n",
+      "    year = 1\n",
+      "    my_sum = p\n",
+      "    while year<=n:\n",
+      "        my_sum = my_sum*(1+r)\n",
+      "        year += 1\n",
+      "    return my_sum\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printline():\n",
+      "    for i in range(1, 30):\n",
+      "        print \"-\",\n",
+      "    print \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "value = loan(principalAmount, interestRate, numYears)\n",
+      "printline()\n",
+      "print \"Final Value: \", round(value,2)\n",
+      "printline()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Principal Amount: 5000\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Interest Rate: 0.15\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter Number of Years: 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \n",
+        "Final Value:  8745.03\n",
+        "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.7, page no. 195"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "There is no inbuilt module to use stack as it is done in the book \"java.util.stack\". We will use normal lists as stack in Python\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "stack = []\n",
+      "stack.append(10)\n",
+      "stack.append(20)\n",
+      "stksum1 = stack.pop()\n",
+      "stksum2 = stack.pop()\n",
+      "stksum = stksum1 + stksum2\n",
+      "print \"The top most element from the stack is: \", stksum2\n",
+      "print \"The next top most element from the stack is: \", stksum1\n",
+      "print \"The sum of two elements from the stack is: \", stksum"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The top most element from the stack is:  10\n",
+        "The next top most element from the stack is:  20\n",
+        "The sum of two elements from the stack is:  30\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.8, page no. 196"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "Enum is not supported by default in Python 2.X version. It has been backported to various versions of Python.\n",
+      "But, the package has to be installed seperately.\n",
+      "Using normal class here.\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class WorkingDays:\n",
+      "    Sunday = 0\n",
+      "    Monday = 1\n",
+      "    Tuesday = 2\n",
+      "    Wednesday = 3\n",
+      "    Thursday = 4\n",
+      "    Friday = 5\n",
+      "    Saturday = 6\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def weekend(d):\n",
+      "    if d == WorkingDays.Sunday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Sunday is a Holiday\"\n",
+      "    elif d == WorkingDays.Monday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Monday is a working day\"\n",
+      "    elif d == WorkingDays.Tuesday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Tuesday is a working day\"\n",
+      "    elif d == WorkingDays.Wednesday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Wednesday is a working day\"\n",
+      "    elif d == WorkingDays.Thursday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Thursday is a working day\"    \n",
+      "    elif d == WorkingDays.Friday:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Friday is a working day\"\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        print \"Value = Saturday is a working day\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range(WorkingDays.Sunday, WorkingDays.Saturday+1):\n",
+      "    weekend(i)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value = Sunday is a Holiday\n",
+        "Value = Monday is a working day\n",
+        "Value = Tuesday is a working day\n",
+        "Value = Wednesday is a working day\n",
+        "Value = Thursday is a working day\n",
+        "Value = Friday is a working day\n",
+        "Value = Saturday is a working day\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "example 9.9, page no. 199"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "There is no concept of annotations in Python\n",
+      "\"\"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class MySingle:\n",
+      "    value = 0\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, x):\n",
+      "        self.value = 100\n",
+      "    def display(self):\n",
+      "         print \"The value is: \", self.value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ob = MySingle(100)\n",
+      "try:\n",
+      "    ob.display()\n",
+      "except:\n",
+      "    print \"No such method found...\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value is:  100\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 50
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter13.png b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter13.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d211895
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter13.png
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter18.png b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter18.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68c1c7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter18.png
diff --git a/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter9.png b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter9.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e456528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Programming_With_Java_A_Primer/screenshots/chapter9.png
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/README.txt b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/README.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64c521dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Sailesh Baria
+Course: mca
+College/Institute/Organization: Smart-Apps Solution Pvt Ltd
+Department/Designation: Developer
+Book Title: Water and Wastewater Engineering
+Author: G. M. Fair, J. C. Geyer and D. A. Okun
+Publisher: John Wiley, NewYork
+Year of publication: 1966
+Isbn: 9780471251309
+Edition: 11
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch10.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch10.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f78608b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a8b74fc9d03d0c351dd92e0bc3a167aee10debeb1676b07b6cf10a252a49f523"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : Groundwater Collection"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1 Page No : 10-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w1 = 1000.\t#ft\n",
+      "w2 = 2000.\t#ft\n",
+      "r = 700.\t#gpm\n",
+      "d = 10.  \t#days\n",
+      "q = 2\t    #ft\n",
+      "u = 1.87*((3.4*10**-5)/(3.2*10**4))*(d**6/d)\t#ft\n",
+      "W = 7.94\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 114.6*(7*10**2)*W/(3.2*10**4)\t#ft\n",
+      "U = 1.87*((3.4*10**-5)/(3.2*10**4))*(4*d**6/d)\t#ft\n",
+      "Wu = 6.55\t#ft\n",
+      "P = 114.6*(7*10**2)*Wu/(3.2*10**4)\t#ft\n",
+      "R = 54\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "W1 = R+p+P\t#ft\n",
+      "D = R+q*p\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the expected drawndown the first well is pumped at a rate = %.0f ft'%(W1)\n",
+      "print 'the drawdown in each well all the three are pupped at a rate = %.0f ft'%(D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the expected drawndown the first well is pumped at a rate = 90 ft\n",
+        "the drawdown in each well all the three are pupped at a rate = 94 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3 Page No : 10-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "g = 20\t#ft\n",
+      "k = 10**-1\t#cm/sec\n",
+      "g1 = 3.28*10**-3\t#fps\n",
+      "w = 2\t#ft\n",
+      "w1 = 30\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = (1./2)*(g1)*((g**2)-(2**2))/(w1)\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the flow into a foot of gallery = %.1e cfs'%(Q)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the flow into a foot of gallery = 2.2e-02 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch11.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch11.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66e86589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch11.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d97ef885e741db81adc7f9703c96d41639df30eb154ebfc4a587f4f7ba56c3d8"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 11 : Surface-Water Collection"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.1 Page No : 11-20"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "s = 20.\t#mph\n",
+      "t = 90.\t#min\n",
+      "w = 1.31\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 7.5\t#miles\n",
+      "h1 = 0.22\t#ft\n",
+      "t1 = 1100.\t#min\n",
+      "t2 = 6.0\t#min\n",
+      "p = 32.2\t#ft\n",
+      "l = 5.12\t#length\n",
+      "l1 = 2.8\t#length\n",
+      "p1 = 1400.\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 73.\t#depth\n",
+      "h3 = 2.06\t#ft\n",
+      "e = 173.0\t#ft\n",
+      "hi = 0.2\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "W = s*w\t#mph\n",
+      "hs = h1*((W)**2/p)**0.53*h**0.47\t#ft\n",
+      "Ts = t2*(W/p)**0.44*(h/p)**0.28\t#sec\n",
+      "Td = t1*h/(p*Ts)\t#min\n",
+      "Ls = l1/(l*(Ts)**2)\t#ft\n",
+      "D = d/(l*(Ts)**2)\t#ft\n",
+      "H = (W)**2*(h*(1/(p1*d)))\t#ft\n",
+      "hr = h3*l1\t#ft\n",
+      "M = e+hi+hr\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the overwater wind speed = %.0f mph'%(W)\n",
+      "print 'the significant wave height = %.1f ft'%(hs)\n",
+      "print 'the significant wave period = %.1f sec'%(Ts)\n",
+      "print 'the minimum wind duration required to reach the significant wave height = %.0f min'%(Td)\n",
+      "print 'the significant wave lenght adn steepness = %.3f ft'%(Ls)\n",
+      "print 'the reservoir depth ratio = %.1f ft'%(D)\n",
+      "print 'the wind tide or set up = % f ft'%(H)\n",
+      "print 'the run up  = %.1f ft'%(hr)\n",
+      "print 'the maximum elevation reached by the waves = %.1f ft'%(M)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the overwater wind speed = 26 mph\n",
+        "the significant wave height = 2.9 ft\n",
+        "the significant wave period = 3.6 sec\n",
+        "the minimum wind duration required to reach the significant wave height = 70 min\n",
+        "the significant wave lenght adn steepness = 0.041 ft\n",
+        "the reservoir depth ratio = 1.1 ft\n",
+        "the wind tide or set up =  0.050375 ft\n",
+        "the run up  = 5.8 ft\n",
+        "the maximum elevation reached by the waves = 179.0 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.2 Page No : 11-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "g = 264\t#quartz\n",
+      "p = 0.39\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = (1-p)*(g-1)\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the hydraulic gradient and seepage velocity = %.2f in'%(S)\n",
+      "#incorrect answer in textbook"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the hydraulic gradient and seepage velocity = 160.43 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.3 Page No : 11-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 40\t#ft\n",
+      "k = 2*10**-3\t#cm/sec\n",
+      "p = 3.28*10**-3\t#cfs\n",
+      "h = 6.47*10**5\t#gpd\n",
+      "p1 = 0.433\t#ft\n",
+      "m = 9\t#ft\n",
+      "delh = w/(18*9)\t#in\n",
+      "k1 = 4.94*10**-4\t#cm/sec\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = k*p*w*(9./18)\t#cfs\n",
+      "Q1 = Q*h\t#gpd/ft width\n",
+      "P = (1-8./18)*w*p1\t#Psig\n",
+      "H = k1/k\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the seepage through each foot width of the foundation = %.0f gpd/ft/ width'%(Q1*10)\n",
+      "print 'the excess hydrostatic pressure on the upstream  side of the bottom of the sheet pilling = %.2f Psig'%(P)\n",
+      "print 'the maximum hydraulic gradient and its relations to the coeeficent = %.2f in'%(H)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the seepage through each foot width of the foundation = 849 gpd/ft/ width\n",
+        "the excess hydrostatic pressure on the upstream  side of the bottom of the sheet pilling = 9.62 Psig\n",
+        "the maximum hydraulic gradient and its relations to the coeeficent = 0.25 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 11.4 Page No : 11-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 120\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 16\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 120/0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 60*0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 2\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 18.74*0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 95.23\t#ft\n",
+      "s1 = 0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "W = d-h*p\t#ft\n",
+      "S = s*s1\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'in succession from the intersection of the upstream slop = %.2f ft'%(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "in succession from the intersection of the upstream slop = 76.18 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch12.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch12.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..752b1d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:14bd2b02adda106b7feb66c435425687c9047c3f660e50bfc5fca311a000dc14"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : Water Transmission"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1 Page No : 12-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "c = 100\t#in\n",
+      "a = 10\t#in\n",
+      "Q = 0.976\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "G = a*Q\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the graphical basic  = %.2f ft'%(G)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the graphical basic  = 9.76 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2 Page No : 12-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 27.6\t#sq ft\n",
+      "h = 1.37\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 1.53*(27.9)**0.38*(1.36)**0.24\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = d/4\t#ft\n",
+      "A = (math.pi*d**2)/4\t#sq ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The diameter hydraulics radius and area of the hydraulically equivalent circular conduit = %.1f sq ft'%(A)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The diameter hydraulics radius and area of the hydraulically equivalent circular conduit = 26.7 sq ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3 Page No : 12-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "h1 = 13.5\t#ft\n",
+      "h2 = 19.0\t#ft\n",
+      "h3 = 27.5\t#ft\n",
+      "c1 = 2.0*10**4\t#ft\n",
+      "c2 = 2.1*10**4\t#ft\n",
+      "c3 = 2.2*10**4\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "H = h1+h2+h3\t#ft\n",
+      "C = c1+c2+c3\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the most economical distributions of the available head = %.1e ft'%(C)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the most economical distributions of the available head = 6.3e+04 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.4 Page No : 12-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 60\t#in\n",
+      "h = 20\t#percent\n",
+      "a = 1000\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 40\t#percent\n",
+      "c = 0.5\t#ft\n",
+      "p1 = 14.3\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 6.1\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 11.7*10**-2\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "deltaV = 26.7 - 18.3     # fps\n",
+      "eq = 3.9*10**-2 * math.sqrt(deltaV/c)*(0.426)**0.356\n",
+      "D = p*eq\t     #ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the air valve with a discharge the change in slop = %.2f in.'%(D)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : slightly different because of rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the air valve with a discharge the change in slop = 7.08 in.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.5 Page No : 12-29"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 90.\t      #deg\n",
+      "h = 48.\t      #in\n",
+      "p1 = 100.\t#psig\n",
+      "P = (1/2*math.pi)*h**2*p1*0.7071\t#lb\n",
+      "r = 3000./54-31\t#ft\n",
+      "l = 170.\t#in\n",
+      "b = 6.5*10**-6\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 46.      \t#ft\n",
+      "w1 = 1000.\t   #ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "s = b*w*30*10**6\n",
+      "D = (1./4*math.pi)*h**2*p1\t#lb\n",
+      "P = (r)*h**2\t#lb\n",
+      "T = math.pi*h*(1/4)*s\t#lb\n",
+      "T1 = (1./2)*l\t#tons\n",
+      "Del = b*w*w1\t#ft per\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The expansion and contraction of the steel line can be as great as = %.1f ft per 1000ft of length, if unrestrained'%(Del)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The expansion and contraction of the steel line can be as great as = 0.3 ft per 1000ft of length, if unrestrained\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch13.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b7870ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:ee62a0db1d14e1ef03e248f6d6042a1fdd2b0d432d5212bd4ea1bd700bb94f91"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 13 : Water Distribution"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.2 Page No : 13-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p1 = 7.8\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 6.0\t#ft\n",
+      "p3 = 7.4\t#ft\n",
+      "p4 = 6.5\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 7.6\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 1.0\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 6.7\t#ft\n",
+      "p5 = 3.3\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D = p1-p2\t#mgd\n",
+      "D1 = p1-p3\t#mgd\n",
+      "D2 = p-p4\t#mgd\n",
+      "D3 = p4+h\t#mgd\n",
+      "D4 = h1-p5\t#mgd\n",
+      "D5 = 2.0 - 1.6\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print \"1 . Deficiency : %.1f mgd\"%D\n",
+      "print \"2 . Deficiency : %.1f mgd\"%D1\n",
+      "print \"3 . Deficiency : %.1f mgd\"%D2\n",
+      "print \"    Net added capacity = %.1f mgd\"%(1.2 - 0.2)\n",
+      "print \"    Reinforced capacity : %.1f mgd\"%(D3)\n",
+      "print \"4 . Deficiency : %.1f mgd\"%D4\n",
+      "print \"    Net added capacity : %.1f mgd\"%(p5 - 0.3)\n",
+      "print \"    Reinforced capacity : %.1f mgd\"%(p5+3)\n",
+      "print \"5.  Deficiency : %.1f mgd\"%D5 \n",
+      "print \"    Net added capacity : %.1f mgd\"%(0.6 - 0.2 )\n",
+      "print \"    Reinforced capacity : %.1f mgd\"%(1.6+0.4)\n",
+      "print 'the demand is taken  = %.1f mgd'%(D3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "1 . Deficiency : 1.8 mgd\n",
+        "2 . Deficiency : 0.4 mgd\n",
+        "3 . Deficiency : 1.1 mgd\n",
+        "    Net added capacity = 1.0 mgd\n",
+        "    Reinforced capacity : 7.5 mgd\n",
+        "4 . Deficiency : 3.4 mgd\n",
+        "    Net added capacity : 3.0 mgd\n",
+        "    Reinforced capacity : 6.3 mgd\n",
+        "5.  Deficiency : 0.4 mgd\n",
+        "    Net added capacity : 0.4 mgd\n",
+        "    Reinforced capacity : 2.0 mgd\n",
+        "the demand is taken  = 7.5 mgd\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.3 Page No : 13-15"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 500. \t#ft\n",
+      "p = 20. \t#psig\n",
+      "h = 40. \t#psig\n",
+      "h1 = 1000. \t#in\n",
+      "q = 1250.\t#ft\n",
+      "g = 2.308/0.75\t#ft\n",
+      "g1 = 2.308/1.00\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 5200.\t#gpm\n",
+      "a = 250. \t#gpm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "H = (h1-(1./2)*(w))\t#ft\n",
+      "H1 = (h-p)*g\t#percent\n",
+      "Q = (q-(1./2)*(w))\t#ft\n",
+      "Q1 = (h-p)*g1\t#percent\n",
+      "S = s/a\t#gpm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the number of standard fire streams = %.1f gpm'%(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the number of standard fire streams = 20.8 gpm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.6 Page No : 13-21"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "h1 = 2.1*3\t#ft\n",
+      "h2 = 2.1\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 8.4\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 1000.\t#ft\n",
+      "h3 = 5.7\t#ft\n",
+      "h4 = 4.2*3\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 4.2\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 1.68\t#ft\n",
+      "q1 = 1.33\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "A = p*h/h2\t#ft\n",
+      "B = p*(h3+h4)/q\t#ft\n",
+      "C = p*(h1+h2)/s\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = %.0f ft'%(A)\n",
+      "print 'the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = %.0f ft'%(round(B,-1))\n",
+      "print 'the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = %.0f ft'%(C)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = 4000 ft\n",
+        "the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = 4360 ft\n",
+        "the equilent pipe for the Hazen willians coefficent = 5000 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 13.8 Page No : 13-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 10\t#hr\n",
+      "p = 50000\t#in\n",
+      "a = 7.5\t#mgd\n",
+      "w = 0.75\t#mg\n",
+      "s = 5.03\t#mg\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = s/w\t#mg\n",
+      "P = S-s\t#mg\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'a steady gravity supply equal to maximum daily = %.2f mg'%(P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a steady gravity supply equal to maximum daily = 1.68 mg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch14.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch14.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2498efee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch14.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b3817b87ab26f1af6cc1ad821b24c26f6f6f9d19671fc5e655b736548ecb040a"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 14 : Wastewater Flows"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.1 Page No : 14-4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "n = 0.013\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 4.90\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 0.590\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 0.463\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 3.9*10**-2\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 1.696\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "V = s*v\t#fps\n",
+      "Q = s*d\t#cfs\n",
+      "N = (w*p)**2*1000\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the velocity of flow and rate of discharge = %.2f percent'%(N)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the velocity of flow and rate of discharge = 4.38 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.2 Page No : 14-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "v = 1.34\t#fps\n",
+      "s = 3.7*10**-3\t#fps\n",
+      "k = 0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "r = 20\t#ft\n",
+      "k1 = 0.04\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 3.0\t#fps\n",
+      "v1 = 5.0\t#fps\n",
+      "d = 10**-1\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 1.34\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "V = round((1.49/1.3*10**-2)*(1./4)**(1./6)*(k1*d/30.48*(2.65-1)/1)**(1./2) * 10000,2)\n",
+      "# for v = 3\n",
+      "v1 = 3.\n",
+      "D1 = d*(v1/V)**2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# for v = 5\n",
+      "v2 = 5\n",
+      "D2 = d*(v2/V)**2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'For velocity = %d, the gradient at the which coarse quartz = %.1f cm'%(v1,D1)  #incorrect answer in the textbook\n",
+      "print \"For velocity = %d, the gradient at the which coarse quartz = %.1f cm\"%(v2,D2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For velocity = 3, the gradient at the which coarse quartz = 0.5 cm\n",
+        "For velocity = 5, the gradient at the which coarse quartz = 1.4 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.3 Page No : 14-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "v = 2.5\t#fps\n",
+      "q = 0.873\t#cfs\n",
+      "s = 5.20\t#percent\n",
+      "a = 0.252\t#ft\n",
+      "r = 0.684\t#ft\n",
+      "r1 = 1.46\t#ft\n",
+      "v1 = 0.776\t#ft\n",
+      "q1 = 0.196\t#ft\n",
+      "n = 0.78\t#ft\n",
+      "R = 0.939\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "V = v1*v\t#fps\n",
+      "Q = q1*q\t#cfs\n",
+      "R1 = r1*s\t#percent\n",
+      "Vs = R*v\t#ft\n",
+      "N = n*Vs\t#fps\n",
+      "Qs = a*R*q\t#cfs\n",
+      "N1 = n*Qs\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the required grades and associated velocity and rates = %.3f cfs'%(V)\n",
+      "print 'the depth and a grade = %.3f cfs'%(Q)\n",
+      "print 'the self cleaning flow = %.3f cfs'%(N1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the required grades and associated velocity and rates = 1.940 cfs\n",
+        "the depth and a grade = 0.171 cfs\n",
+        "the self cleaning flow = 0.161 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.4 Page No : 14-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Q = 0.873\t#cfs\n",
+      "s = 5.20\t#percent\n",
+      "d = 0.161\t#cfs\n",
+      "q1 = 0.185\t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = 2.5\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 0.91\t#ft\n",
+      "s1 = 1.70\t#ft\n",
+      "s3 = 1.46\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 0.185\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 0.30\t#ft\n",
+      "v1 = 0.732\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "q = d/Q\t#cfs\n",
+      "Vs = v*d2\t#fps\n",
+      "Ss = s1*s\t#percent\n",
+      "Va = v1*d2\t#fps\n",
+      "Ss1 = s3*s\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the depth and velocity of flow and the required slop = %.1f percent'%(Ss1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the depth and velocity of flow and the required slop = 7.6 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.5 Page No : 14-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d1 = 0.67\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 2.00\t#ft\n",
+      "h2 = 4.04\t#ft\n",
+      "hv1 = 0.062\t#ft\n",
+      "hv2 = 0.254\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 0.19\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 0.2\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 0.04\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 0.644\t#ft\n",
+      "q1 = 0.65\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 0.92\t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = 6.5\t#ft\n",
+      "v1 = 3.69\t#ft\n",
+      "d3 = 0.542\t#ft\n",
+      "hv3 = 0.21\t#ft\n",
+      "delv = 0.15\t#ft\n",
+      "d4 = 0.02\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "H = d1+hv1\t#ft\n",
+      "H1 = d1+hv2\t#ft\n",
+      "he = h*d\t#ft\n",
+      "hi = d+h1\t#ft\n",
+      "H2 = d3+hv3\t#ft\n",
+      "he1 = h*delv\t#ft\n",
+      "S = d4+h1\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the required slope = %.2f ft'%(hi)\n",
+      "print 'the lower sewer and the invert drop in the transition = %.2f ft'%(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the required slope = 0.23 ft\n",
+        "the lower sewer and the invert drop in the transition = 0.06 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.6 Page No : 14-17"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "q = 60\t#cfs\n",
+      "D = 4\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 0.177\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 0.59\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 4.0\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 1.0\t#ft\n",
+      "v = 0.90\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 0.42\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 6.0\t#ft\n",
+      "h2 = 1.5\t#ft\n",
+      "dl = 1.3\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 0.41\t#ft\n",
+      "u = 0.8\t#ft\n",
+      "u1 = 3.2\t#ft\n",
+      "y = 0.45\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "H = s*D\t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = d1*D\t#ft\n",
+      "V = v*D\t#ft\n",
+      "P = p*D\t#ft\n",
+      "D1 = y*D\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the critical depth = %.1f ft'%(H)\n",
+      "print 'the alternate stages for an energy  = %.1f ft'%(V)\n",
+      "print 'the alternate stages for an energy head = %.1f ft'%(P)\n",
+      "print 'the lower alternate stage with upper alternate stage = %.1f ft'%(D1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the critical depth = 2.4 ft\n",
+        "the alternate stages for an energy  = 3.6 ft\n",
+        "the alternate stages for an energy head = 1.6 ft\n",
+        "the lower alternate stage with upper alternate stage = 1.8 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.7 Page No : 14-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 106\t    #cfs\n",
+      "q = 400.\t#cfs\n",
+      "d1 = 0.40\t#cfs\n",
+      "w = 10\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D = d/q\t#cfs\n",
+      "D1 = d1*w\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the water level in this well rises = %.f ft'%(D1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the water level in this well rises = 4 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.8 Page No : 14-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Q = (400/78.5*math.sqrt(10*32.2))**2\t#ft\n",
+      "N = 0.012\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 0.47\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 10\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D = d*q\t#ft\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the water surface in the sewer when it is flowing at maximum capacity = %.1f ft'%(D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the water surface in the sewer when it is flowing at maximum capacity = 4.7 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.9 Page No : 14-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variable\n",
+      "g = math.sqrt(3)\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 5.67\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "C = g*d\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The rate of propagation of a discontinuous surge = %.1f ft'%(C)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The rate of propagation of a discontinuous surge = 9.8 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.10 Page No : 14-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Q1 = 30\t#cfs\n",
+      "Q2 = 16\t#cfs\n",
+      "a = 32\t#sq ft\n",
+      "r = 1.6\t#ft\n",
+      "i = 10**-4\t#ft\n",
+      "n = 1.25*10**-2\t#ft\n",
+      "h2 = 0.50\t#ft\n",
+      "c = 3.33\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 5.20\t#ft\n",
+      "l = 72\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 12320\t#ft\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "L = s-l\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 0.49022 - 8.04*10**-5*l\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the forchheimer s methos  = %.0f ft'%(L)\n",
+      "print (Q1**2-Q2**2)/(2*32.2*a**2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the forchheimer s methos  = 12248 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 14.11 Page No : 14-27"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "q = 1.0\t#cfs\n",
+      "g = 2.0\t#percent\n",
+      "g1 = 5.6\t#percent\n",
+      "r = 0.015\t#cfs\n",
+      "w = 90.\t#percent\n",
+      "Q = 10*0.9*q\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 0.10\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 3.48*g1**(1./3)\t#ft\n",
+      "i = 5.6*10**-2\t\n",
+      "Q0 = 1.\n",
+      "s = 2*10**-2\n",
+      "n = 1.5*10**-2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "q_l = round(1.87*i**0.569*(Q0/(math.sqrt(s)/n))**0.563,2)\n",
+      "l = q_l * 100\n",
+      "Q = 10*0.9*Q0\n",
+      "d = (3.48*32.2**(1./3)) * (q_l)**(2./3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The maximum depth of flow in the gutter = %.1f in'%(d)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum depth of flow in the gutter = 2.4 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch15.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch15.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5101dc59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch15.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:209dfa66c415d9b6d77e6ef0fd2310df1d6593c2b60b5941934cee9e5b7d9fa6"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 15 : Wastewater Collection"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.1 Page No : 15-4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "q = 0.25\t#in\n",
+      "Q = 0.34\t#in\n",
+      "r = 0.76\t#in\n",
+      "v = 0.83\t#in\n",
+      "n = 0.78\t#in\n",
+      "r1 = 0.84\t#in\n",
+      "v1 = 0.70\t#in\n",
+      "w = 2\t#in\n",
+      "q1 = 0.056\t#in\n",
+      "d = 0.16\t#in\n",
+      "v2 = 0.53\t#in\n",
+      "n1 = 0.80\t#in\n",
+      "d1 = 0.18\t#in\n",
+      "n2 = 0.46\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "V = v*w\t#fps\n",
+      "N = v1*w\t#fps\n",
+      "V1 = v2*w\t#fps\n",
+      "V2 = n2*w\t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The one fourth their full flow = %.2f fps'%(N)\n",
+      "print 'The one enghteenth their full flow = %.2f fps'%(V2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The one fourth their full flow = 1.40 fps\n",
+        "The one enghteenth their full flow = 0.92 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.2 Page No : 15-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "v = 2.5\t#fps\n",
+      "N = 0.015\t#fps\n",
+      "a = (40+27)\t#in\n",
+      "b = (40*27+27*19)/a\n",
+      "c = 0.440\t#cfs\n",
+      "w = 49*0.09/100\t#cfs\n",
+      "g = 0.008\t#percent\n",
+      "Q = 0.82\t#cfs\n",
+      "r = 0.795\t#cfs\n",
+      "t = 2.35*1.16\t#fps\n",
+      "d1 = 113.20-113.03\t#ft\n",
+      "d2 = 12\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = r/Q\t#cfs\n",
+      "D = g*r\t#in\n",
+      "D2 = d1*d2\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The required capacity and find the slope size and hydraulic characteristics of the system = %.0f in'%(D2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required capacity and find the slope size and hydraulic characteristics of the system = 2 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.3 Page No : 15-17"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 20\t#min\n",
+      "N = 0.012\t#in\n",
+      "k = 2.19\t#min\n",
+      "l = k+1.97\t#min\n",
+      "q = 340/(60*3.94)\t#min\n",
+      "r = 2.56*0.508\t#min\n",
+      "del1 = 0.42\t#min\n",
+      "j = 84.28\t#min\n",
+      "w1 = 0.92\t#min\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "r1 = r*k\t#cfs\n",
+      "w = p+q\t#min\n",
+      "G = j-del1\t#min\n",
+      "S = (G-w1)\t#min\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The required capacity and find the slop size and hydraulic = %.2f min'%(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required capacity and find the slop size and hydraulic = 82.94 min\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 15.4 Page No : 15-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 42.\t#in\n",
+      "d = 45.\t#mgd\n",
+      "d1 = 0.75\t#in\n",
+      "s = 60.\t#ft\n",
+      "p1 = 9.\t#in\n",
+      "p2 = 8.4\t#in\n",
+      "p3 = 9.\t#in\n",
+      "c1 = 13*63.6\t#sq in\n",
+      "c2 = 9*55.4\t#sq in\n",
+      "c3 = 9.21\t#sq ft\n",
+      "M = d*1.547\t#cfs\n",
+      "v = M/c3\t#fps\n",
+      "g = 0.025*32.2\t#ft/sec**2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "F = v/math.sqrt(g*(p1/12))\t#ft\n",
+      "S = s/d1\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the port near the end of the diffuser pipe = %.2f in'%(F)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the port near the end of the diffuser pipe = 9.73 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch16.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch16.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b395898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch16.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3c3856bc217e5f495e078375001a6745906e09c45dfca2c5d1fe105500ef94b8"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 16 : Machinery and Equipment"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 16.2 Page No : 16-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 500\t#ft\n",
+      "p1 = 6\t#in\n",
+      "t = 500\t#cfm\n",
+      "p2 = 7\t#psig\n",
+      "P = p2+14.7\t#psia\n",
+      "T = 520*(P/14.7)**0.283\t#F\n",
+      "f = 0.048*p1**0.027/(t)**0.148\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "delP = 20.*10**-3*p*T*(t)**2/(38*10**3*P*p1**5)\t#psia\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the pressure drop = %.2f psia'%(delP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the pressure drop = 0.23 psia\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch2.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d099aba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:af736a02c1f2601e59ec790e080728198307e957dded2cfbca28aa79de429565"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 2 : Water Systems"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1 Page No : 2-5"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 3000.\t#sq ft\n",
+      "w1 = 2000.\t#sq ft\n",
+      "w2 = 1000.\t#sq ft\n",
+      "r = 15. \t#in\n",
+      "a = 12.\t    #in\n",
+      "h = 7.5\t    #in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "G = w*(r/a)*h\t#gal\n",
+      "g = w1*(r/a)*h\t#gal\n",
+      "g1 = w2*(r/a)*h\t#gal\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the normally be stored to tide the supply over dry spells = %.0f gal'%(G)\n",
+      "#wrong ans in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the normally be stored to tide the supply over dry spells = 28125 gal\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2 Page No : 2-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "m = 17.378   \t#mg\n",
+      "h = 20.  \t    #in/sq mile \n",
+      "d = 365.\t    #in\n",
+      "s = 0.75\t    #percent\n",
+      "a = 100.\t    #sq miles\n",
+      "p = 750000.\t    #gpd per sq mile\n",
+      "t = 180.\t    #in\n",
+      "c = 150.\t    #gpcd\n",
+      "n = 64600. \t    #gpd per sq mile\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = h*m\t#mg\n",
+      "A = R/d\t#mgd\n",
+      "S = s*a*t\t#billion gal\n",
+      "Q = a*p/c\t#gpd\n",
+      "P = a*n/c\t#people against\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the surface water sheds and storage requirements = %.0f mg'%(R)\n",
+      "print 'the well watered sections of north america = %.1f billion gal'%(S/1000)\n",
+      "print 'the average consumption populations = %.0f gpd'%(Q)\n",
+      "print 'the presence of proper storage = %.0f people against'%(round(P,-3))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the surface water sheds and storage requirements = 348 mg\n",
+        "the well watered sections of north america = 13.5 billion gal\n",
+        "the average consumption populations = 500000 gpd\n",
+        "the presence of proper storage = 43000 people against\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3 Page No : 2-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 20  \t#ft\n",
+      "r = 3\t    #ft a day\n",
+      "g = 500\t    #ft\n",
+      "g1 = 1000\t    #ft\n",
+      "h = 7.5/1440\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 7.5/1000000\t#ft\n",
+      "r1 = 2\t        #ft a day\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "W1 = w*g1*r*h\t#gpm\n",
+      "W2 = w*g1*r1*r*p\t#mgd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "#wrong ans in book\n",
+      "print 'the ground water laterally  = %.2f gpm'%(W1)\n",
+      "print 'the water from both sides = %.2f mgd'%(W2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the ground water laterally  = 312.50 gpm\n",
+        "the water from both sides = 0.90 mgd\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No : 2-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p1 = 10.\t    #mgd\n",
+      "p2 = 6940.\t#gpm\n",
+      "w = 67000.\t#people\n",
+      "d = 2.\t    #min\n",
+      "v = d*p2/d\t#gal\n",
+      "v1 = 98.2\t#cu ft each\n",
+      "q = 30.\t    #min\n",
+      "q1 = q*p2/d\t#gal\n",
+      "q2 = 13900.\t#cu ft\n",
+      "a = 1390.\t#sq ft\n",
+      "s = 2.\t    #hr\n",
+      "s1 = 120*p2/d\t#gal\n",
+      "s2 = 55700.\t#cu ft \n",
+      "s3 = s2/8.\t#sq ft\n",
+      "r = 3\t    #gpm/sq ft\n",
+      "r1 = 6\t    #rapid\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D = math.sqrt(v1*4/math.pi)\t#ft\n",
+      "S = p2/s3\t#gpm/sq ft\n",
+      "A = p2/(r1*r)\t#sq ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the capacity of the components of a rapid sand filtration plant = %d sq ft'%(A)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the capacity of the components of a rapid sand filtration plant = 385 sq ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5 Page No : 2-21"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "r = 10000.\t#ft\n",
+      "l = 400000\t#people\n",
+      "q = 1000000.\t#mgd\n",
+      "w = 100\t#gpcd\n",
+      "w1 = 150\t#gpcd\n",
+      "m = 50\t#percent\n",
+      "g = 1.5\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 2.32\t#cfs\n",
+      "h2 = 139\t#cfs\n",
+      "d = 12\t#ft\n",
+      "c = 100\t#ft\n",
+      "l = 10.8\t#ft\n",
+      "l2 = 0.85\t#ft\n",
+      "l1 = 1000\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "a = r*w/q\t#mgd\n",
+      "b = l*w1/q\t#mgd\n",
+      "a1 = a*g\t#mgd\n",
+      "b1 = b*g\t#mgd\n",
+      "D = d*math.sqrt(h1/math.pi)\t#in\n",
+      "D1 = d*math.sqrt(h2/math.pi)\t#in\n",
+      "L = l/l1\t#ft\n",
+      "L1 = l2/l1\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the higher loss of head in small conduits at equal velocity = %f ft'%(L1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the higher loss of head in small conduits at equal velocity = 0.000850 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.6 Page No : 2-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 12\t#in\n",
+      "b = 24\t#in\n",
+      "r = 500\t#gpm\n",
+      "d = 200.\t#gpcd\n",
+      "d1 = 150.\t#gpcd\n",
+      "p1 = 113\t#sq in\n",
+      "p2 = 425\t#sq in\n",
+      "v1 = 3\t    #fps\n",
+      "v2 = 2.35\t#cfs\n",
+      "v3 = 9.42\t#cfs\n",
+      "h = 646000\t#gpd\n",
+      "w = 720000\t#gpd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D1 = v2*h\t#gpd\n",
+      "D2 = v3*h\t#gpd\n",
+      "W1 = D1-w\t#gpd\n",
+      "W2 = D2-w\t#gpd\n",
+      "R1 = D1/d\t#people\n",
+      "R2 = D2/d\t#people\n",
+      "S = W1/d1\t#people\n",
+      "S1 = W2/d1\t#people\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the absence of fire service for a maximum draft = %d gpd'%(round(D2,-3))\n",
+      "print 'The residential fire flow requirements = %.0f gpd'%(round(W2,-3))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note: answers are correct.  please check using calculator."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the absence of fire service for a maximum draft = 6085000 gpd\n",
+        "The residential fire flow requirements = 5365000 gpd\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7 Page No : 2-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 100000.\t#ft\n",
+      "c = 250.  \t#per capita\n",
+      "p1 = 0.3\t#percent\n",
+      "p2 = 0.1\t#percent\n",
+      "p3 = 0.60\t#percent\n",
+      "w1 = 15.\t#mgd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "T = c*w\t#$\n",
+      "W = p1*T\t#$\n",
+      "W1 = p2*T\t#$\n",
+      "W2 = p3*T\t#$\n",
+      "W3 = ((w1)**(2./3))*(T/100)\t#$\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the replacement cost of the water of a city = %.0f $'%(round(W3,-5))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the replacement cost of the water of a city = 1500000 $\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch3.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1294bb03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:0ac87828ad067f0685215c3ea3f783dc1f30af884f5edc144a109aec1b63e4e7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3 : Wastewater Systems"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1 Page No : 3-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "v = 2.5\t#fps\n",
+      "c = 0.013\t#gpd\n",
+      "p = 300\t#gpd\n",
+      "d = 50\t#per care\n",
+      "m = 5.20\t#ft\n",
+      "a = 1000\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "C = (math.pi*64)/(4*144)*v*646000\t#gpd\n",
+      "M = m/a\t#ft\n",
+      "P = C/p\n",
+      "A = P/d\t#acres\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the acres will it drain if the population density = %.1f acres'%(A)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the acres will it drain if the population density = 37.6 acres\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2 Page No : 3-14"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 37.4\t#acres\n",
+      "r = 2.\t#in\n",
+      "p = 30.\t#min\n",
+      "v = 3\t#fps\n",
+      "r1 = 0.6\t#in\n",
+      "h = 1.0\t#cfs\n",
+      "p1 = 50\t#percent\n",
+      "q = 646000\t#gpd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = r*r1*a\t#cfs\n",
+      "A = R/v\t#sq ft\n",
+      "D = 12*math.sqrt(4*A/math.pi)\t#in\n",
+      "P = r*r1*q/p1\t#gpcd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the per capita storm runoff for a population density = %.0f gpcd'%(round(P,-1))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the per capita storm runoff for a population density = 15500 gpcd\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3 Page No : 3-16"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 1.0\t#cfs\n",
+      "w1 = 3.0\t#cfs\n",
+      "w2 = 45.0\t#cfs\n",
+      "v = 3.0\t#fps\n",
+      "h = 144\t#ft\n",
+      "D = 12*math.sqrt(4*w/(math.pi*w1))\t#in\n",
+      "d1 = 1.95\t#cfs\n",
+      "D1 = 12*math.sqrt(4*d1)/(math.pi*v)\t#in\n",
+      "d2 = 41.6\t#cfs\n",
+      "D2 = 12*math.sqrt(4*d2)/(math.pi*w1)\t#ins\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "C = math.pi*(D)**2*3/(4*h)\t#cfs\n",
+      "C1 = math.pi*(1./4)*3\t#cfs\n",
+      "V = (d2*4)/(math.pi*4**2)\t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'The minimum dry-weather flow  = %.2f cfs'%(C)\n",
+      "print 'The maximum dry-weather flow in excess actual capacity = %.1f cfs'%(C1)\n",
+      "print 'the storm flow in axcess of maximum dry-weather flow = %.1f fps'%(V)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The minimum dry-weather flow  = 1.00 cfs\n",
+        "The maximum dry-weather flow in excess actual capacity = 2.4 cfs\n",
+        "the storm flow in axcess of maximum dry-weather flow = 3.3 fps\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No : 3-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "t = 0.8\t#mgd\n",
+      "d = 8000.\t#people\n",
+      "a = 2.\t#hr\n",
+      "v = 800000.\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 10.\t#ft\n",
+      "a1 = 4.\t#in\n",
+      "d1 = 1.\t#sq ft per capita\n",
+      "a3 = 3.\t#mgad\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "V = v*(a/24)/a\t#gal\n",
+      "S = V/h\t#sq ft\n",
+      "S1 = (v/h)/S\t#gpd per sq ft\n",
+      "V1 = a*d/h\t#cu ft\n",
+      "D = d/S\t#ft\n",
+      "E = d1*d/a1\t#sq ft\n",
+      "A = t/a3\t#acre\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the capacity of the components of a small trickling-filter  = %.2f acre'%(A)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the capacity of the components of a small trickling-filter  = 0.27 acre\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5 Page No : 3-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "w = 2000.\t#sq miles\n",
+      "r = 0.1 \t#cfs\n",
+      "d = 80000.\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 100.\t#gpd\n",
+      "p1 = 80.\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 340.\t#percent\n",
+      "h = 646000.\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "L = r*w\t#cfs\n",
+      "R = 6*p1/1.4\t#cfs\n",
+      "P = p1*(p2-L)/p2\t#percent\n",
+      "D = (d*p)\t#gpd\n",
+      "D1 = (L*h)\t#gpd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print \"Low-water flow = %d cfs\"%(0.1*w)\n",
+      "print \"Required flow for disposal of domestic sewage if it i left untreated = %d cfs\"%(round(6*80/1.4,-1))\n",
+      "print 'the percent of removal of pollutional load needed = %.0f percent'%(P)\n",
+      "print \"Dilution ratio = %d : %d\"%((d*p)/(d*p),(200*h)/(d*p))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Low-water flow = 200 cfs\n",
+        "Required flow for disposal of domestic sewage if it i left untreated = 340 cfs\n",
+        "the percent of removal of pollutional load needed = 33 percent\n",
+        "Dilution ratio = 1 : 16\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 Page No : 3-28"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 10000.\t#people\n",
+      "p1 = 4. \t#ft\n",
+      "w = 10. \t#in\n",
+      "s = 80. \t#gpcd\n",
+      "h = 43560.\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 20. \t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = ((w/12)*7.5*h)/365\t#gpad\n",
+      "A = p*s/R\t#acres\n",
+      "A1 = 1.7\t#sq miles\n",
+      "P = p/500\t#acres\n",
+      "D = p2*h*4*7.48/(p*s)\t#days\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the detention period in ponds  = %.0f days'%(D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the detention period in ponds  = 33 days\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7 Page No : 3-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 100000.\t#people\n",
+      "a = 75. \t#$\n",
+      "a2 = 47. \t#in\n",
+      "b = 10. \t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "P = a*p\t#people\n",
+      "S = ((a2)*(b**5))/(b)**(1./4)\t#$\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the money is inversed in the sanitary sewerage system = %.0f $'%(round(S,-5))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the money is inversed in the sanitary sewerage system = 2600000 $\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch4.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c47b5c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:69dc81267d132717cceb5ed01afab9cdbb37bfc431d05698243961d6dd4f91a3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 4 : Information Analysis"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2 Page No : 4-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "y_bar = 19.5\t#in\n",
+      "x = 396.8\t#in\n",
+      "n = 6\t#in\n",
+      "y1 = 2.20\t#in\n",
+      "x1 = 51.14\t#in\n",
+      "p = 5.64\t#in\n",
+      "ob_y = array([44,20,24,14,12,3])\n",
+      "ob_x = array([5.3,3.5,3.,1.2,0.48,-0.26])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Beta = round((x-n*(y_bar)*(y1))/(x1-n*(y1)**2),2)\n",
+      "y = around(y_bar + Beta*(ob_x - 2.2),decimals=1)\n",
+      "Ri = ob_y - y\n",
+      "sumRi = sum(Ri)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print \"Beta B = %.2f\"%Beta\n",
+      "print \"residuals Ri are : \" ,Ri\n",
+      "print 'the method of leate squares  = %.2f minimum'%(sumRi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answer is slighty different because of rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Beta B = 6.31\n",
+        "residuals Ri are :  [ 4.9 -7.7 -0.5  0.8  3.4 -1. ]\n",
+        "the method of leate squares  = -0.10 minimum\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.3 Page No : 4-30"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 12.\t    #in\n",
+      "h = 121.\t#in\n",
+      "p = 11.     #in\n",
+      "s = 220.\t#in\n",
+      "observed_time = array([11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21])\n",
+      "i = array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11])\n",
+      "observed_magnitude = array([2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22])\n",
+      "y_uy = array([-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,0,2,4,6,8,10])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "B = a/p*(h-1)*s\t#per unit\n",
+      "n = len(i)\n",
+      "i_6 = i - (n+1)/2\n",
+      "i_6_y_uy = (i - (n+1)/2)*y_uy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print \"Observed Time            \", observed_time\n",
+      "print \"Order,i                  \", i\n",
+      "print \"[i-(n+1)/2]              \", i_6\n",
+      "print \"Observed magnitude       \", observed_magnitude\n",
+      "print \"Deviation from mean      \", y_uy\n",
+      "print \"[i-(n+1)/2](y-uy)        \", i_6_y_uy \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Observed Time             [11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21]\n",
+        "Order,i                   [ 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11]\n",
+        "[i-(n+1)/2]               [-5 -4 -3 -2 -1  0  1  2  3  4  5]\n",
+        "Observed magnitude        [ 2  4  6  8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22]\n",
+        "Deviation from mean       [-10  -8  -6  -4  -2   0   2   4   6   8  10]\n",
+        "[i-(n+1)/2](y-uy)         [50 32 18  8  2  0  2  8 18 32 50]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.5 Page No : 4-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 4404.\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 9.\t#ft\n",
+      "mu = 12.\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "F = math.sqrt(a/q)\t#ft\n",
+      "CF = F/mu*100\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the coefficient of fluctuation is  = %.0f percent'%(CF)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the coefficient of fluctuation is  = 184 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.7 Page No : 4-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "h2 = 5\t#in\n",
+      "x = 3.72\t#in\n",
+      "x1 = 1.28\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "H = h2*x1/x\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the either side of the center of the scale = %.2f in'%(H)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the either side of the center of the scale = 1.72 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.8 Page No : 4-35"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 80\t#in\n",
+      "q = 20\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "K = p+q\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the moments of the arithmetically normal frequency curve = %.0f ft'%(K)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the moments of the arithmetically normal frequency curve = 100 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.9 Page No : 4-38"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "g = 3.2541\t#in\n",
+      "g1 = 3.46\t#in\n",
+      "m = 0.5390\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 2./99\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 1.52\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "L = math.sqrt(g*h)\t#in\n",
+      "mu = g1*p\t#in\n",
+      "M = g1/p\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the points necessary to plot the straigt line of fit on math.log probability = %.2f percent'%(M)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the points necessary to plot the straigt line of fit on math.log probability = 2.28 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch5.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1946a849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:d903acbbd579075c20da58df0664f6b615313ecea1f356fbfe69d66ce9759ff7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5 : Water and Wastewater Volumes"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1 Page No : 5-6"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "t1 = 5.25\t#yr\n",
+      "t2 = 10.00\t#yr\n",
+      "yi = 171000\t#in\n",
+      "ye = 111000\t#in\n",
+      "yt = 5.23300\t#in\n",
+      "yl = 5.04532\t#in\n",
+      "yn = 31500\t#in\n",
+      "ym = 0.09853\t#in\n",
+      "tm = 9.25\t#yr\n",
+      "tn = 10.00\t#yr\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "T = t1/t2\t#yr\n",
+      "T1 = tm/tn\t#yr\n",
+      "Y = yi-ye\t#in\n",
+      "Yt = yt-yl\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the fifth intercensal year  = %.3f yr'%(T)\n",
+      "print 'the ninth postcensal year  = %.3f yr'%(T1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the fifth intercensal year  = 0.525 yr\n",
+        "the ninth postcensal year  = 0.925 yr\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2 Page No : 5-8"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from sympy import Symbol\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "y0 = 30000\t#in\n",
+      "y1 = 172000\t#in\n",
+      "y2 = 292000\t#in\n",
+      "a = 172\t     #ft\n",
+      "p = 30.\t    #ft\n",
+      "y = 292\t    #ft\n",
+      "q = 322000\t#ft\n",
+      "g = 313\t    #ft\n",
+      "n = 0.05\t#ft\n",
+      "d = -2.442\t#ft\n",
+      "t = Symbol('t')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "L = (2*p*a*y2-(a)**2*q)/(p*y-(a)**2)\t#moreover\n",
+      "m = (g-p)/p\t#ft\n",
+      "N = n*d\t#in\n",
+      "Y = g/(1+9.43*math.exp(N)*t)\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the saturation populations = %.2f moreover'%(round(L,-3))\n",
+      "print 'the coefficients = %.3f in'%(N)\n",
+      "print 'the equation of a logistic curve = ',(Y)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the saturation populations = 313000.00 moreover\n",
+        "the coefficients = -0.122 in\n",
+        "the equation of a logistic curve =  313/(8.34611446180163*t + 1)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No : 5-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 100000\t#in\n",
+      "d = 150.\t#in\n",
+      "h = 1000000.\t#in\n",
+      "a1 = 2.0\t#draft\n",
+      "a2 = 3.0\t#draft\n",
+      "a3 = 1.6\t#draft\n",
+      "m = 1.5\t    #in\n",
+      "q = 2.5\t    #in\n",
+      "v = 1020.\t#in\n",
+      "w = 100. \t#in\n",
+      "t = 0.01\t#in\n",
+      "v1 = 13.2\t#mgd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "A = d*p/h\t#mgd\n",
+      "M = m*A\t#mgd\n",
+      "M1 = q*A\t#mgd\n",
+      "V = v*math.sqrt(w)*(1-t*math.sqrt(w))\t#gpm\n",
+      "D = M+v1\t#mgd\n",
+      "L = a1*A\t#mgd\n",
+      "L1 = (4./3)*M\t#max\n",
+      "H = a2*A\t#mgd\n",
+      "H1 = (4./3)*M1\t#max\n",
+      "F = a3*A\t#mgd\n",
+      "F1 = (1.6)*15\t#max\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the resulting capacities of the four system  = %.f max'%(F1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the resulting capacities of the four system  = 24 max\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6 Page No : 5-22"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "r = 48\t#in\n",
+      "A = 450\t#gpd/acre\n",
+      "B = 8000.\t#gpd/mile\n",
+      "S = round(5280./350)\t#manholes/mile\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "C = (B-S*100)/12\t#gpd/mile\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the ground a quarter of it eventually  = %.2f gpd/mile'%(C)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answer in book is wrong. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the ground a quarter of it eventually  = 541.67 gpd/mile\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.7 Page No : 5-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p1 = 20.\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 30.\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 5.  \t#person\n",
+      "s = 17800.\t#in\n",
+      "h = 1200.\t#in\n",
+      "q = 100. \t#in\n",
+      "i = 1.\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = p1*p2*i*s/(h*w)\t#gpcd\n",
+      "P = (q*w*10/S)\t#percent\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the degree of separation of stormwater = %.0f percent'%(P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the degree of separation of stormwater = 3 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.8 Page No : 5-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "s = 105\t#gpcd\n",
+      "m = 315\t#gpcd\n",
+      "m1 = 35\t#gpcd\n",
+      "Q1 = 360\t#gpcd\n",
+      "Q2 = 30\t#gpcd\n",
+      "p1 = 20\t#pecent\n",
+      "p2 = 15\t#persons/acer\n",
+      "D = 21\t#persons/acre\n",
+      "I = 2000\t#gpd/acre\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "A = D*(s+Q2)+I\t#gpd/acre\n",
+      "R = D*(m+Q2)+I\t#gpd/acre\n",
+      "L = D*(m1+Q2)+I\t#gpd/acre\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the average peak and low rates of flow  = %.0f gpd/acre'%(round(L,-1))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the average peak and low rates of flow  = 3370 gpd/acre\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch6.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c733ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:098e6f8caaa45e66f3c3c4de6e35624c980f673866a521599c34dc5ef9f6350c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6 : Elements of Hydrology"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.1 Page No : 6-6"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "H = 1360\t#ft\n",
+      "t = 60\t#f\n",
+      "a = (10**3)*5.5*(10**-3)\t#f\n",
+      "q = (1.36*10**3)*5.5*(10**-3)\t#f\n",
+      "s = (4-1.36)*(10**3)*(3.2*10**-3)\t#f\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "T = t-q-s\t#F\n",
+      "T1 = T+3*a\t#F\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the temperature at the mountain top = %.0f F'%(T)\n",
+      "print 'the temperature on the plain beyond the mountain = %.1f F'%(T1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the temperature at the mountain top = 44 F\n",
+        "the temperature on the plain beyond the mountain = 60.6 F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.2 Page No : 6-12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "t = 60\t#f\n",
+      "v = 0.52\t#in\n",
+      "t1 = 80\t#F\n",
+      "p = 40\t#percent\n",
+      "v1 = 1.03*0.40\t#in\n",
+      "w = 8\t#mph\n",
+      "pa = 29.0\t#in\n",
+      "p1 = 0.497\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 1.32*10**-2\t#ft\n",
+      "r = 0.268\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "E = p1*(1-q*pa)*(1+r*w)*(v-.41)\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the evaporation for the a day during = %.2e in'%(E)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : answer is slightly different because of rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the evaporation for the a day during = 1.06e-01 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.3 Page No : 6-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "t = 47\t#f\n",
+      "q = 8000\t#ft\n",
+      "a = 100\t#ft\n",
+      "d = 0.10\t#in\n",
+      "d1 = 7\t#degree days\n",
+      "s1 = 14000\t#ft\n",
+      "s2 = 7000\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 1000\t#ft\n",
+      "g = 32\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 17.37\t#ft\n",
+      "h1 = 1.547\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "T = q+s*(t-g)/3\t#ft\n",
+      "T1 = t-3*1\t#F\n",
+      "T2 = (T1+g)/2\t#F\n",
+      "T3 = d1*d*a\t#sq mile in\n",
+      "M = h*T3\t#mgd\n",
+      "M1 = M*h1\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the upper boundary of the melting zone and temperature at the snow line = %.0f F'%(T1)\n",
+      "print 'The average temperature of  = %d cfs'%(M1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the upper boundary of the melting zone and temperature at the snow line = 44 F\n",
+        "The average temperature of  = 1880 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch7.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60a0e5fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:42c32bb83042eba762c882953210b5f735a47b1ef07c7eade0266ced5fe417ef"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7 : Rainfall and Runoff"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5 Page No : 7-15"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "n = 20.                 \t#ft\n",
+      "s = math.sqrt(12676/19.)\t#ft\n",
+      "c = 45.5\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 551400\t#ft\n",
+      "q1 = 12700\t#ft\n",
+      "h = 8.5\t#ft\n",
+      "w = s/c\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "D = q/(2*s*q1)\t#cfs\n",
+      "D1 = D*(1+h/n)\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the record runoff of a stream draining = %.2f cfs'%(D1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the record runoff of a stream draining = 1.20 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6 Page No : 7-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "i = 16./(62)**0.66\t#in hr\n",
+      "q = (16*10**0.31)/(62)**0.66\t#in hr\n",
+      "c = 1.0\t#max\n",
+      "C1 = c*(0.01)**0.31\t#in\n",
+      "C2 = c*(0.1)**0.31\t#in\n",
+      "x1 = 640\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Y1 = C1*i*c*x1\t#cfs\n",
+      "Y2 = C2*q*c*x1\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the time of concentration = %.f cfs'%(Y2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the time of concentration = 672 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8 Page No : 7-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 163*48.5\t#cfs\n",
+      "a = 48.5\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 100\t#cfs\n",
+      "Q = 45.5*a\t#cfs\n",
+      "c = 0.57\t#cfs\n",
+      "v = 1.8\t#cfs\n",
+      "p = 0.45\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "P = d/(q*math.sqrt(a))\t#percent\n",
+      "C = Q/(a**0.8*(1+2*a**-0.3))\t#cfs\n",
+      "d1 = 2.6\t#cfs\n",
+      "T = (1-p*c+v*c*2)\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the meyers rating  = %.1f percent'%(P)\n",
+      "print 'the magnitude of the maximum peak flood  = %.1f cfs'%(T)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the meyers rating  = 11.4 percent\n",
+        "the magnitude of the maximum peak flood  = 2.8 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch8.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch8.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9aa81db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch8.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fba260293419dba131eeeb5811674596ce6afa78c83d914173c371599b6aa433"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8 : Storage and Runoff Control"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2 Page No : 8-7"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "a = 0.75\t#ft\n",
+      "p = 123\t#mg\n",
+      "v = 100\t#ft\n",
+      "s = 33\t#mg\n",
+      "s1 = 67\t#mg\n",
+      "d = 26.6\t#mgd\n",
+      "d1 = 0.0477\t#mgd\n",
+      "q = 0.750\t#gpd/sq mile\n",
+      "d2 = 365\t#days\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = p/a\t#mg per sq mile\n",
+      "Cv = v*s/s1\t#percent\n",
+      "M = d*d1\t#mgd per sq mile\n",
+      "D = v*q/M\t#MAF\n",
+      "D1 = (v*p)/(M*d2)\t#MAF\n",
+      "R = p/q\t#days\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the use monthly averages rather then daily stream flow = %.0f days'%(R)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the use monthly averages rather then daily stream flow = 164 days\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3 Page No : 8-9"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 750000\t#gpd per sq mile\n",
+      "v = 0.22\t#ft\n",
+      "a = 1.27\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 0.30\t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 365\t#days\n",
+      "p = 0.25\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = q*a*d1\t#mg/sq mile\n",
+      "H = p*a*d1\t#mg/sq mile\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the results obtained by normal analytical procedures and by Hazen s = %.0f mg/sq mile'%(H)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the results obtained by normal analytical procedures and by Hazen s = 116 mg/sq mile\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4 Page No : 8-10"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "d = 30.0\t#mgd\n",
+      "a = 40.0\t#sq miles\n",
+      "a1 = 1500\t#acres\n",
+      "r1 = 47.0\t#in\n",
+      "r2 = 27.0\t#in\n",
+      "q = 0.9\t#in\n",
+      "k = 640\t#in\n",
+      "h = 0.052\t#gpd/sq mile\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = r2-(r2+a-r1)*q*a1/(k*a)\t#in\n",
+      "D = d+a*h\t#mgd\n",
+      "A = a-(q*a1/k)*(1-(r1-a)/(r2))\t#sq miles\n",
+      "R = r2+a-r1\t#in\n",
+      "S = R*q\t#in\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the revised mean annual runoff = %.1f in'%(Q)\n",
+      "print 'the equivalent mean draft = %.1f mgd'%(D)\n",
+      "print 'the equivalent land area = %.1f sq miles'%(A)\n",
+      "print 'the adjusted flowline = %.0f in'%(S)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the revised mean annual runoff = 25.9 in\n",
+        "the equivalent mean draft = 32.1 mgd\n",
+        "the equivalent land area = 38.4 sq miles\n",
+        "the adjusted flowline = 18 in\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6 Page No : 8-18"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 100.    \t#ft\n",
+      "q = 27000.\t    #acre-ft\n",
+      "p1 = 10.     \t#ft\n",
+      "s = 8250.\t#acre-ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "R = p*s/q\t#percent\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the ratio of peak inflow from fuller values = %d percent'%(R)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the ratio of peak inflow from fuller values = 30 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch9.ipynb b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17df7377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/ch9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:cb8c1d89336b90a52fb3fc2ac2cf4a335c076b1a2d2bc8b2521052d89b269ec7"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 9 : Groundwater Flow"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1 Page No : 9-11"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "t = 10\t#C\n",
+      "s = 74.2\t#days\n",
+      "c = 0.01\t#mm\n",
+      "d = 245\t#mm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "h = s/(d*c)\t#cm\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the high will water at a temperature  = %.1f cm'%(h)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the high will water at a temperature  = 30.3 cm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2 Page No : 9-13"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p1 = 1000\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 50\t#ft\n",
+      "g = 20\t#ft/mile\n",
+      "v = 5280.\t#ft\n",
+      "q = 7.5*10**-6\t#ft\n",
+      "t = 60\t#F\n",
+      "k = 2835\t#ft/days\n",
+      "p = 7.5\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = g/v\t#ft\n",
+      "W = k*(g/v)\t#ft/day\n",
+      "Q = W*p1*p2*q\t#mgd\n",
+      "P = k*p\t#ft\n",
+      "P1 = P*p2\t#mgd\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the velocity of flow  = %.2f mgd'%(Q)\n",
+      "print 'the standard coefficient pf permeability = %.2e mgd'%(P1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the velocity of flow  = 4.03 mgd\n",
+        "the standard coefficient pf permeability = 1.06e+06 mgd\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3 Page No : 9-19"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 40. \t#ft\n",
+      "d = 56. \t#ft\n",
+      "d1 = 140. \t#ft\n",
+      "p1 = 30. \t#ft\n",
+      "w = 3.28*10**-4\t#fps\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = w*(p/d1)*2*d*p\t#cfs\n",
+      "q = Q/p\t#cfs\n",
+      "K = w*(p/d1)\t#fps\n",
+      "x0 = q/(2*math.pi*K)\t#ft\n",
+      "Z = 2*math.pi*x0\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the yield of the well if the coefficient of permeability = %.1f ft'%(x0)\n",
+      "print 'the distance of the point of stagnation  = %.0f ft'%(Z)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the yield of the well if the coefficient of permeability = 17.8 ft\n",
+        "the distance of the point of stagnation  = 112 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.4 Page No : 9-23"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "p = 5.*10**6\t      #ft\n",
+      "Q = 350.            \t#gpm\n",
+      "x = 225.            \t#ft\n",
+      "u = 10.**-2\t#ft\n",
+      "g = 1.87\t#ft\n",
+      "p2 = 7.*10**2\t#ft\n",
+      "p3 = 10.9\t#ft\n",
+      "w = 4.0\t#ft\n",
+      "t = 114.6\t    #ft\n",
+      "d = 10.      \t#ft\n",
+      "p1 = 5.      \t#ft\n",
+      "w1 = 3.2*10**4\t#ft\n",
+      "W = 21.75\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "T = t*Q*4/p1\t#gpd/ft\n",
+      "S = u*(w1)/(g*(p))\t#ft\n",
+      "U = g*((S)/(T))*(x**2/d)\t#ft\n",
+      "P = t*(p2)*p3/(T)\t#ft\n",
+      "U1 = g*((S)/(T))*(1./d)\t#ft\n",
+      "P1 = t*(p2)*W/(T)\t#ft\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'the type curve as if a transparency of the observed data had moved into place over the type = %.0f ft'%(P1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "the type curve as if a transparency of the observed data had moved into place over the type = 54 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 Page No : 9-24"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "Q = 350. \t#gpm\n",
+      "x = 225. \t#ft\n",
+      "t = 1.  \t#min\n",
+      "p = 1.6\t    #ft\n",
+      "t2 = 10. \t#min\n",
+      "p2 = 4.5\t#ft\n",
+      "p3 = 700. \t#gpm\n",
+      "T = 3.2*10**4\t#gpd/ft\n",
+      "t0 = 0.3    \t#min\n",
+      "u = 1.15*10**-5\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "S = t0*(T)*t0/((x)**2*1440)\t#ft\n",
+      "P = ((114.6*p3)/(T))*(-0.5772*2.3*math.log(u))\t#ft\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'A straight line being drawn through the ppints for the higher = %.0f ft'%(P)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# note : book answer is wrong. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "A straight line being drawn through the ppints for the higher = 38 ft\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6 Page No : 9-31"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\t\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "h = 4.8\t             #ft\n",
+      "m = 13.4\t         #ft\n",
+      "k = 10.**-1\t         #cm/sec\n",
+      "k1 = 3.28*10**-3\t#fps\n",
+      "n = 7.            \t#ft\n",
+      "n1 = 11.         \t#ft\n",
+      "q = 1.0*10**-2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+      "Q = k1*h*n/n1\t#cfs/ft\n",
+      "Q1 = 2*q*10**2\t#cfs\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "#RESULTS\n",
+      "print 'A satisfactory orthogonal system the flow of into the collector  = %.0f cfs'%(Q1)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "A satisfactory orthogonal system the flow of into the collector  = 2 cfs\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/16Machinery&Equipment.png b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/16Machinery&Equipment.png
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/16Machinery&Equipment.png
diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/2WaterSystems.png b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/2WaterSystems.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/9GroundwaterFlow.png b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/9GroundwaterFlow.png
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Water_and_Wastewater_Engineering/screenshots/9GroundwaterFlow.png
author	tslee	2014-11-27 17:17:59 +0530
committer	tslee	2014-11-27 17:17:59 +0530
commit	6e3407ba85ae84e1cee1ae0c972fd32c5504d827 (patch)
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parent	36a03d6d76bac315dba73b2ba9555c7e3fe0234f (diff)
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