Added ULT part 7.

6 files changed, 871 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ult/ult_7/foo.txt b/ult/ult_7/foo.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe9426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/foo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+FOO is an abbreviation of Forward Observation Officer, a British Army
+term in use as early as the First World War. The etymology of foo is
+explored in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for
+Comments 3092, which notes usage of foo in 1930s cartoons including
+The Daffy Doc (with Daffy Duck) and comic strips, especially Smokey
+Stover and Pogo. From there the term migrated into military slang,
+where it merged with FUBAR.
+
+source: wikipedia
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/marks1.txt b/ult/ult_7/marks1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a5299d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/marks1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+5 89 92 85
+4 98 47 67
+1 67 82 76
+2 78 97 60
+3 67 68 69
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/script.rst b/ult/ult_7/script.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4cb55c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/script.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+   
+   .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+   
+   ..   1. Sort lines of text files
+   ..   2. Print lines matching a pattern
+   ..   3. Translate or delete characters
+   ..   4. Omit repeated lines
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+..   1. Getting started with Linux
+..   2. Redirection and Piping
+
+
+ 
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the  first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on 'Text Processing'.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show slide with objectives }}} 
+
+.. R2
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+
+ 1. Sort lines of text files
+ #. Print lines matching a pattern
+ #. Translate or delete characters
+ #. Omit repeated lines.
+
+
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the 
+former tutorials as being displayed currently.
+
+.. R4
+
+In this tutorial, we shall learn about text processing.
+TO begin with, consider data kept in two files, namely marks1.txt and 
+students.txt
+Let us see what data they contain. Open a terminal and type, 
+
+.. L4
+
+{{{ Open the terminal }}}
+::
+
+    cat marks1.txt
+    cat students.txt
+
+.. R5
+
+Let's say we wish to sort the output in the alphabetical order
+of the names of the files. We can use the ``sort`` command for this
+purpose.
+
+We just pipe the previous output to the ``sort`` command as,
+
+.. L5
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -| sort
+
+.. R6
+
+Let's say we wish to sort the names, based on the marks in the first
+subject i.e. the first column after the name. ``sort`` command also allows us to
+specify the delimiter between the fields and sort the data on a particular
+field. ``-t`` option is used to specify the delimiter and ``-k`` option
+is used to specify the field. 
+
+.. L6
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -| sort -t " " -k 2
+
+.. L7
+
+{{{ Show slide with, Sort... }}}
+
+.. R7
+
+This command give us a sorted output as required. But, what if we would 
+like the output to appear in the reverse order. ``-r`` option allows the output
+to be sorted in the reverse order and the ``-n`` option is used to choose 
+a numerical sorting. 
+
+.. R8
+
+Let us do it on the terminal and see for ourselves, 
+
+.. L8
+
+{{{ Switch to the terminal }}}
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -| 
+    sort -t " " -k 2 -rn
+
+.. R9
+
+Suppose, While you are compiling the student marklist, Anne walks up to you and
+wants to know her marks. You, being a kind person that you are, oblige.
+But you do not wish to her to see the marks that others have scored. What
+do you do? Here, the ``grep`` command comes to your rescue. 
+
+``grep`` is a command line text search utility. You can use it to search
+for Anne and show her, what she scored. ``grep`` allows us to search for a
+search string in files. But we could, like any other command, pipe the
+output of other commands to it. So, we shall use the previous combination
+of cut and paste that we had, to get the marks of students along with their
+names and search for Anne in that. 
+
+.. L9
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep Anne 
+
+.. R10
+
+This will give us only the line containing the word Anne as the output.
+The grep command is by default case-sensitive. So, we wouldn't have got
+the result if we had searched for anne, with a small a, instead of 
+Anne, with a capital a. But, what if we didn't know, whether the name was 
+capitalized or not? ``grep`` allows you to do case-insensitive searches 
+by using the ``-i`` option. 
+
+.. L10
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep -i Anne 
+
+.. R11
+
+Now, in another scenario, if we wished to print all the lines, which do
+not contain the word Anne, we could use the ``-v`` option. 
+
+.. L11
+::
+
+    cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep -iv Anne
+
+.. R12
+
+grep allows us to do more complex searches, for instance, searching for
+sentences starting or ending with a particular pattern and regular
+expression based searches. 
+
+{{{ Show slide with, tr }}}
+
+``tr`` is a command that takes two sets of characters as parameters, and
+replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the
+corresponding elements from the other set. It reads from the standard
+output and writes to the standard output. 
+
+For instance, if we wish to replace all the lower case letters in the
+students file with upper case, we can do it as, 
+
+.. L12
+
+{{{ Switch to the terminal }}}
+::
+
+    cat students.txt | tr a-z A-Z
+
+.. R13
+
+A common task is to remove empty newlines from a file. The ``-s`` flag
+causes ``tr`` to compress sequences of identical adjacent characters in its
+output to a single token. For example,
+
+.. L13
+::
+
+    tr -s '\n' '\n'
+
+.. R14
+
+Hit enter 2-3 times and see that every time we hit enter we get a newline.
+
+.. L14
+::
+
+    <Enter>
+    <Enter> 
+
+.. R15
+
+It replaces sequences of one or more newline characters with a single newline.
+
+The ``-d`` flag causes ``tr`` to delete all tokens of the specified set of
+characters from its input. In this case, only a single character set
+argument is used. The following command removes carriage return characters,
+thereby converting a file in DOS/Windows format to the Unix format. 
+
+.. L15
+::
+
+    cat foo.txt | tr -d '\r' > bar.txt
+
+.. R16
+
+The ``-c`` flag complements the first set of characters.
+
+.. L16
+::
+
+    tr -cd '[:alnum:]' 
+
+.. R17
+
+It therefore removes all non-alphanumeric characters.
+
+Let us consider one more scenario.Suppose we have a list of items, say books, 
+and we wish to obtain a list which names of all the books only once, without 
+any duplicates. To achieve this, we use the ``uniq`` command. Let us first 
+have a look at our file
+
+.. L17
+::
+
+    cat items.txt
+
+.. R18
+
+Now, let us try and get rid of the duplicate lines from this file using 
+the ``uniq`` command.
+
+.. L18
+::
+
+    uniq items.txt
+
+.. R19
+
+Nothing happens! Why? The ``uniq`` command removes duplicate lines only when 
+they are next to each other. So, henceforth, we get a sorted file from the 
+original file and work with that file. 
+
+.. L19
+::
+
+    sort items.txt | uniq
+
+.. R20
+
+``uniq -u`` command gives the lines which are unique and do not have any 
+duplicates in the file. ``uniq -d`` outputs only those lines which 
+have duplicates. 
+
+.. L20 
+::
+
+    uniq -u items-sorted.txt 
+
+.. R21
+
+The ``-c`` option displays the number of times each line occurs in the file.
+
+.. L21
+::
+
+    uniq -dc items-sorted.txt
+
+.. L22
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+.. R22
+
+This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial.
+In this tutorial, we have learnt to, 
+ 
+  1. Use the ``sort`` command to sort lines of text files.
+  #. Use the ``grep`` command to search text pattern.
+  #. Use the ``tr`` command to translate and/or delete characters.
+  #. Use the ``uniq`` command to omit repeated lines in a text. 
+
+.. L23
+
+{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}
+
+.. R23
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve
+
+1. To obtain patterns; one per line, which of the following command is used ?
+   
+    - grep -f
+    - grep -i
+    - grep -v
+    - grep -e
+
+2. Translate the word 'linux' to upper-case.
+
+3. Sort the output of the ``ls -al`` command.
+
+.. L24
+
+{{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}}
+
+.. R24
+
+And the answers,
+
+1. In order to obtain patterns one per line, we use the ``grep`` command
+    alongwith the -f option.
+
+2. We use the tr command to change the word into uppercase 
+::
+
+    echo 'linux' | tr a-z A-Z
+ 
+
+3. We use the sort command as, 
+::
+     
+    ls -al | sort -n -k5
+The -n  means "sort numerically", and the -k5 option means to key off of 
+column five. 
+
+.. L25
+
+{{{ Show the SDES & FOSSEE slide }}}
+
+.. R25
+
+Software Development techniques for Engineers and Scientists - SDES, is an 
+initiative by FOSSEE. For more information, please visit the given link.
+
+Free and Open-source Software for Science and Engineering Education - FOSSEE, is
+based at IIT Bombay which is funded by MHRD as part of National Mission on 
+Education through ICT.
+
+.. L26
+
+{{{ Show the ``About the Spoken Tutorial Project'' slide }}}
+
+.. R26
+
+Watch the video available at the following link. It summarises the Spoken 
+Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and 
+watch it. 
+
+.. L27
+
+{{{ Show the `` Spoken Tutorial Workshops'' slide }}}
+
+.. R27
+
+The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials,
+gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
+
+For more details, contact contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
+.. L28
+
+{{{ Show the ``Acknowledgements'' slide }}}
+
+.. R28
+
+Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the "Talk to a Teacher" project.
+It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, 
+Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the 
+given link.
+
+.. L29
+
+{{{ Show the Thank you slide }}}
+
+.. R29
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/script2col.rst b/ult/ult_7/script2col.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b15e85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/script2col.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+   
+   .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+   
+   ..   1. Sort lines of text files
+   ..   2. Print lines matching a pattern
+   ..   3. Translate or delete characters
+   ..   4. Omit repeated lines
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+..   1. Getting started with Linux
+..   2. Redirection and Piping
+
+
+ 
+Script
+------
+
+
+
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the  first slide containing title, name of the production               | Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on 'Text Processing'.                  |
+| team along with the logo of MHRD }}}                                             |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show slide with objectives }}}                                               | At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,                                |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |  1. Sort lines of text files                                                     |
+|                                                                                  |  #. Print lines matching a pattern                                               |
+|                                                                                  |  #. Translate or delete characters                                               |
+|                                                                                  |  #. Omit repeated lines.                                                         |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}                                        | Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the              |
+|                                                                                  | former tutorials as being displayed currently.                                   |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Open the terminal }}}                                                        | In this tutorial, we shall learn about text processing.                          |
+| ::                                                                               | TO begin with, consider data kept in two files, namely marks1.txt and            |
+|                                                                                  | students.txt                                                                     |
+|     cat marks1.txt                                                               | Let us see what data they contain. Open a terminal and type,                     |
+|     cat students.txt                                                             |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Let's say we wish to sort the output in the alphabetical order                   |
+|                                                                                  | of the names of the files. We can use the ``sort`` command for this              |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -| sort              | purpose.                                                                         |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | We just pipe the previous output to the ``sort`` command as,                     |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Let's say we wish to sort the names, based on the marks in the first             |
+|                                                                                  | subject i.e. the first column after the name. ``sort`` command also allows us to |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -| sort -t " " -k 2  | specify the delimiter between the fields and sort the data on a particular       |
+|                                                                                  | field. ``-t`` option is used to specify the delimiter and ``-k`` option          |
+|                                                                                  | is used to specify the field.                                                    |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show slide with, Sort... }}}                                                 | This command give us a sorted output as required. But, what if we would          |
+|                                                                                  | like the output to appear in the reverse order. ``-r`` option allows the output  |
+|                                                                                  | to be sorted in the reverse order and the ``-n`` option is used to choose        |
+|                                                                                  | a numerical sorting.                                                             |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Switch to the terminal }}}                                                   | Let us do it on the terminal and see for ourselves,                              |
+| ::                                                                               |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt -|                   |                                                                                  |
+|     sort -t " " -k 2 -rn                                                         |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Suppose, While you are compiling the student marklist, Anne walks up to you and  |
+|                                                                                  | wants to know her marks. You, being a kind person that you are, oblige.          |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep Anne        | But you do not wish to her to see the marks that others have scored. What        |
+|                                                                                  | do you do? Here, the ``grep`` command comes to your rescue.                      |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | ``grep`` is a command line text search utility. You can use it to search         |
+|                                                                                  | for Anne and show her, what she scored. ``grep`` allows us to search for a       |
+|                                                                                  | search string in files. But we could, like any other command, pipe the           |
+|                                                                                  | output of other commands to it. So, we shall use the previous combination        |
+|                                                                                  | of cut and paste that we had, to get the marks of students along with their      |
+|                                                                                  | names and search for Anne in that.                                               |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | This will give us only the line containing the word Anne as the output.          |
+|                                                                                  | The grep command is by default case-sensitive. So, we wouldn't have got          |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep -i Anne     | the result if we had searched for anne, with a small a, instead of               |
+|                                                                                  | Anne, with a capital a. But, what if we didn't know, whether the name was        |
+|                                                                                  | capitalized or not? ``grep`` allows you to do case-insensitive searches          |
+|                                                                                  | by using the ``-i`` option.                                                      |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Now, in another scenario, if we wished to print all the lines, which do          |
+|                                                                                  | not contain the word Anne, we could use the ``-v`` option.                       |
+|     cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt | paste -d " " students.txt - | grep -iv Anne    |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Switch to the terminal }}}                                                   | grep allows us to do more complex searches, for instance, searching for          |
+| ::                                                                               | sentences starting or ending with a particular pattern and regular               |
+|                                                                                  | expression based searches.                                                       |
+|     cat students.txt | tr a-z A-Z                                                |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | {{{ Show slide with, tr }}}                                                      |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | ``tr`` is a command that takes two sets of characters as parameters, and         |
+|                                                                                  | replaces occurrences of the characters in the first set with the                 |
+|                                                                                  | corresponding elements from the other set. It reads from the standard            |
+|                                                                                  | output and writes to the standard output.                                        |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | For instance, if we wish to replace all the lower case letters in the            |
+|                                                                                  | students file with upper case, we can do it as,                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | A common task is to remove empty newlines from a file. The ``-s`` flag           |
+|                                                                                  | causes ``tr`` to compress sequences of identical adjacent characters in its      |
+|     tr -s '\n' '\n'                                                              | output to a single token. For example,                                           |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Hit enter 2-3 times and see that every time we hit enter we get a newline.       |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     <Enter>                                                                      |                                                                                  |
+|     <Enter>                                                                      |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | It replaces sequences of one or more newline characters with a single newline.   |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     cat foo.txt | tr -d '\r' > bar.txt                                           | The ``-d`` flag causes ``tr`` to delete all tokens of the specified set of       |
+|                                                                                  | characters from its input. In this case, only a single character set             |
+|                                                                                  | argument is used. The following command removes carriage return characters,      |
+|                                                                                  | thereby converting a file in DOS/Windows format to the Unix format.              |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | The ``-c`` flag complements the first set of characters.                         |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     tr -cd '[:alnum:]'                                                           |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | It therefore removes all non-alphanumeric characters.                            |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     cat items.txt                                                                | Let us consider one more scenario.Suppose we have a list of items, say books,    |
+|                                                                                  | and we wish to obtain a list which names of all the books only once, without     |
+|                                                                                  | any duplicates. To achieve this, we use the ``uniq`` command. Let us first       |
+|                                                                                  | have a look at our file                                                          |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Now, let us try and get rid of the duplicate lines from this file using          |
+|                                                                                  | the ``uniq`` command.                                                            |
+|     uniq items.txt                                                               |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | Nothing happens! Why? The ``uniq`` command removes duplicate lines only when     |
+|                                                                                  | they are next to each other. So, henceforth, we get a sorted file from the       |
+|     sort items.txt | uniq                                                        | original file and work with that file.                                           |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | ``uniq -u`` command gives the lines which are unique and do not have any         |
+|                                                                                  | duplicates in the file. ``uniq -d`` outputs only those lines which               |
+|     uniq -u items-sorted.txt                                                     | have duplicates.                                                                 |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ::                                                                               | The ``-c`` option displays the number of times each line occurs in the file.     |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|     uniq -dc items-sorted.txt                                                    |                                                                                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show summary slide }}}                                                       | This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial.                           |
+|                                                                                  | In this tutorial, we have learnt to,                                             |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |   1. Use the ``sort`` command to sort lines of text files.                       |
+|                                                                                  |   #. Use the ``grep`` command to search text pattern.                            |
+|                                                                                  |   #. Use the ``tr`` command to translate and/or delete characters.               |
+|                                                                                  |   #. Use the ``uniq`` command to omit repeated lines in a text.                  |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}                                     | Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve                         |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 1. To obtain patterns; one per line, which of the following command is used ?    |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |     - grep -f                                                                    |
+|                                                                                  |     - grep -i                                                                    |
+|                                                                                  |     - grep -v                                                                    |
+|                                                                                  |     - grep -e                                                                    |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 2. Translate the word 'linux' to upper-case.                                     |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 3. Sort the output of the ``ls -al`` command.                                    |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}}                           | And the answers,                                                                 |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 1. In order to obtain patterns one per line, we use the ``grep`` command         |
+|                                                                                  |     alongwith the -f option.                                                     |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 2. We use the tr command to change the word into uppercase                       |
+|                                                                                  | ::                                                                               |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |     echo 'linux' | tr a-z A-Z                                                    |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | 3. We use the sort command as,                                                   |
+|                                                                                  | ::                                                                               |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  |     ls -al | sort -n -k5                                                         |
+|                                                                                  | The -n  means "sort numerically", and the -k5 option means to key off of         |
+|                                                                                  | column five.                                                                     |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the SDES & FOSSEE slide }}}                                             | Software Development techniques for Engineers and Scientists - SDES, is an       |
+|                                                                                  | initiative by FOSSEE. For more information, please visit the given link.         |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | Free and Open-source Software for Science and Engineering Education - FOSSEE, is |
+|                                                                                  | based at IIT Bombay which is funded by MHRD as part of National Mission on       |
+|                                                                                  | Education through ICT.                                                           |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the ``About the Spoken Tutorial Project'' slide }}}                     | Watch the video available at the following link. It summarises the Spoken        |
+|                                                                                  | Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and         |
+|                                                                                  | watch it.                                                                        |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the `` Spoken Tutorial Workshops'' slide }}}                            | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials,      |
+|                                                                                  | gives certificates to those who pass an online test.                             |
+|                                                                                  |                                                                                  |
+|                                                                                  | For more details, contact contact@spoken-tutorial.org                            |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the ``Acknowledgements'' slide }}}                                      | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the "Talk to a Teacher" project.            |
+|                                                                                  | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD,          |
+|                                                                                  | Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the        |
+|                                                                                  | given link.                                                                      |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| {{{ Show the Thank you slide }}}                                                 | Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.                         |
+|                                                                                  | Thank you!                                                                       |
++----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/students.txt b/ult/ult_7/students.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddacd6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/students.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Hussain 
+Dilbert 
+Anne    
+Raul    
+Sven    
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex b/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d981a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Using Linux Tools
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE 
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[17pt,compress]{beamer}
+\usepackage{beamerthemesplit}
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+  \usetheme{Warsaw}
+  \useoutertheme{infolines}
+  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+  \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+}
+% Taken from Fernando's slides.
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+% change the alerted colour to LimeGreen
+\definecolor{LimeGreen}{RGB}{50,205,50}
+\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=LimeGreen}
+\author[FOSSEE]{}
+\institute[IIT Bombay]{}
+\date[]{}
+% \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+
+% theme split
+\usepackage{verbatim}
+\newenvironment{colorverbatim}[1][]%
+{%
+\color{blue}
+\verbatim
+}%
+{%
+\endverbatim
+}%
+
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=sh,
+    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+  showstringspaces=false,
+  keywordstyle=\color{black}\bfseries}
+
+% logo
+\logo{\includegraphics[height=1.30 cm]{../images/3t-logo.pdf}}
+\logo{\includegraphics[height=1.30 cm]{../images/fossee-logo.pdf}
+
+\hspace{7.5cm}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.99]{../images/fossee-logo.pdf}\\
+\hspace{281pt}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.80]{../images/3t-logo.pdf}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\sffamily \bfseries
+\title
+[Text Processing]
+{Text Processing}
+\author
+[FOSSEE]
+{\small Talk to a Teacher\\{\color{blue}\url{http://spoken-tutorial.org}}\\\vspace{0.25cm}National Mission on Education
+ through ICT\\{\color{blue}\url{ http://sakshat.ac.in}} \\ [1.65cm]
+   Contributed by FOSSEE Team \\IIT Bombay  \\[0.3cm]
+}
+
+% slide 1
+\begin{frame}
+   \titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Objectives}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Sort lines of text files
+\item Print lines matching a pattern
+\item Translate or delete characters
+\item Omit repeated lines
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Pre-requisites}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+Spoken tutorial on,
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Getting started with Linux
+\item Redirection and Piping
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{sort}}
+\verb~$ cut -d " " -f 2- marks1.txt \~
+\verb~| paste -d " " students.txt -\~      
+\verb~| sort -t " " -k 2 -rn~      
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \texttt{-t} the delimiter between fields
+  \item \texttt{-k} field to use for sorting
+  \item \texttt{-r} for sorting in the reverse order
+  \item \texttt{-n} to choose numerical sorting
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{tr}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Translates or deletes characters
+  \item Reads from \texttt{stdin} and outputs to \texttt{stdout}
+  \item Given, two sets of characters, replaces one with other
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+  In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Use the ``sort'' command to sort lines of text files
+\item Use the ``grep'' command to search text pattern
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary..}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Use the ``tr'' command to translate and/or delete characters
+\item Use the ``uniq'' command to omit repeated lines in a text
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Evaluation}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item To obtain patterns; one per line, which of the following command is used ?
+\vspace{3pt}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item grep -f
+\item grep -i
+\item grep -v
+\item grep -e
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Evaluation..}
+\begin{enumerate}
+\setcounter{enumi}{1}
+\item Translate the word `linux' to upper-case.
+\vspace{8pt}
+\item Sort the output of the ``ls -al'' command.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Solutions}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item grep -f
+\vspace{15pt}
+\item \$ echo `linux' | tr a-z A-Z
+\vspace{15pt}
+\item \$ ls -al | sort -n -k5
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{SDES \& FOSSEE}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \small{SDES}\\
+\small{\color{LimeGreen}Software Development techniques for Engineers and Scientists} \\
+\scriptsize An initiative by FOSSEE. \\
+\vspace{3pt}
+\scriptsize For more information on SDES, please visit {\color{blue}\url{http://fossee.in/sdes}}\\
+\vspace{10pt}
+\item \small{FOSSEE}\\
+\small {\color{LimeGreen}Free and Open-source Software for \\Science and Engineering Education} \\
+\scriptsize Based at IIT Bombay, Funded by MHRD.\\
+\vspace{3pt}
+\scriptsize Part of National Mission on Education through ICT \\(NME-ICT) \\
+\end{itemize}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{About the Spoken Tutorial Project}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Watch the video available at {\color{blue}\url{http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial}} 
+\item It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project 
+\item If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Spoken Tutorial Workshops}The Spoken Tutorial Project Team 
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials 
+\item Gives certificates to those who pass an online test 
+\item For more details, please write to \\ \hspace {0.5cm}{\color{blue}contact@spoken-tutorial.org}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Acknowledgements}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher  project 
+\item It is supported by the National Mission on Education through  ICT, MHRD, Government of India 
+\item More information on this Mission is available at: \\{\color{blue}\url{http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro}}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+
+  \begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+  {\Large THANK YOU!} 
+  \end{center}
+  \end{block}
+\begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+    For more Information, visit our website\\
+    {\color{blue}\url{http://fossee.in/}}
+  \end{center}  
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\end{document}