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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 42: ILLUMINATION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.2: EX42_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.2 :\n",
+"// Page number 753\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"lumens = 800.0 // Flux emitted by a lamp(lumens)\n",
+"cp = 100.0 // cp of a lamp\n",
+"d = 2.0 // Distance b/w plane surface & lamp(m)\n",
+"theta_ii = 45.0 // Inclined surface(°)\n",
+"theta_iii = 90.0 // Parallel rays(°)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"// Case(a)\n",
+"mscp = lumens/(4.0*%pi) // mscp of lamp\n",
+"// Case(b)\n",
+"I_i = cp/d**2 // Illumination on the surface when it is normal(lux)\n",
+"I_ii = cp/d**2*cosd(theta_ii) // Illumination on the surface when it is inclined to 45°(lux)\n",
+"I_iii = cp/d**2*cosd(theta_iii) // Illumination on the surface when it is parallel to rays(lux)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.2 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nCase(a): mscp of the lamp, mscp = %.f ', mscp)\n",
+"printf('\nCase(b): Case(i) : Illumination on the surface when it is normal, I = %.f lux', I_i)\n",
+"printf('\n Case(ii) : Illumination on the surface when it is inclined to 45°, I = %.3f lux', I_ii)\n",
+"printf('\n Case(iii): Illumination on the surface when it is parallel to rays, I = %.f lux\n', abs(I_iii))\n",
+"printf('\nNOTE: ERROR: Calculation mistake in case(a) in textbook solution')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.3: EX42_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.3 :\n",
+"// Page number 753-754\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"cp = 200.0 // cp of a lamp\n",
+"per = 0.6 // Reflector directing light\n",
+"D = 10.0 // Diameter(m)\n",
+"h = 6.0 // Height at which lamp is hung(m)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"flux = cp*4*%pi // Flux(lumens)\n",
+"I_i = cp/h**2 // Illumination at the centre without reflector(lux)\n",
+"d = (h**2+(D/2)**2)**0.5 // (m)\n",
+"I_without = (cp/h**2)*(h/d) // Illumination at the edge without reflector(lux)\n",
+"I_with = cp*4*%pi*per/(25*%pi) // Illumination at the edge with reflector(lux)\n",
+"theta = acosd(h/d) // θ(°)\n",
+"w = 2.0*%pi*(1-cosd(theta/2)) // ω(steradian)\n",
+"phi = cp*w // Φ(lumens)\n",
+"I_avg = phi/(25*%pi) // Average illumination over the area without reflector(lux)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.3 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nCase(i) : Illumination at the centre without reflector = %.2f lux', I_i)\n",
+"printf('\n Illumination at the centre with reflector = %.1f lux', I_with)\n",
+"printf('\nCase(ii): Illumination at the edge of the surface without reflector = %.2f lux', I_without)\n",
+"printf('\n Illumination at the edge of the surface with reflector = %.1f lux', I_with)\n",
+"printf('\nAverage illumination over the area without the reflector, I = %.3f lux\n', I_avg)\n",
+"printf('\nNOTE: ERROR: Slight calculation mistake & more approximation in textbook solution')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.5: EX42_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.5 :\n",
+"// Page number 754\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"flux = 900.0 // Lamp emitting light(lumens)\n",
+"D = 30.5 // Diameter of globe(cm)\n",
+"B = 250.0*10**-3 // Uniform brightness(Ambert)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"cp = %pi/4*D**2*(B/%pi) // Candle power\n",
+"flux_emit = cp*4*%pi // Flux emitted by globe(lumens)\n",
+"flux_abs = flux-flux_emit // Flux absorbed by globe(lumens)\n",
+"light_abs_per = flux_abs/flux*100 // Light absorbed(%)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.5 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\ncp of the globe = %.f ', cp)\n",
+"printf('\nPercentage of light emitted by lamp that is absorbed by the globe = %.1f percent\n', light_abs_per)\n",
+"printf('\nNOTE: Changes in the obtained answer from that of textbook is due to more precision here & approximation in textbook solution')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.6: Curve_showing_illumination_on_a_horizontal_line_below_lamp.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.6 :\n",
+"// Page number 754-755\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"cp_0 = 500.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_0 = 0.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_1 = 560.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_1 = 10.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_2 = 600.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_2 = 20.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_3 = 520.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_3 = 30.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_4 = 400.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_4 = 40.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_5 = 300.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_5 = 50.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_6 = 150.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_6 = 60.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cp_7 = 50.0 // Candle power\n",
+"theta_7 = 70.0 // θ(°)\n",
+"h = 6.0 // Height of lamp(m)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"I_0 = cp_0/h**2*(cosd(theta_0))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_0 = h*tand(theta_0) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_1 = cp_1/h**2*(cosd(theta_1))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_1 = h*tand(theta_1) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_2 = cp_2/h**2*(cosd(theta_2))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_2 = h*tand(theta_2) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_3 = cp_3/h**2*(cosd(theta_3))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_3 = h*tand(theta_3) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_4 = cp_4/h**2*(cosd(theta_4))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_4 = h*tand(theta_4) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_5 = cp_5/h**2*(cosd(theta_5))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_5 = h*tand(theta_5) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_6 = cp_6/h**2*(cosd(theta_6))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_6 = h*tand(theta_6) // Distance(m)\n",
+"I_7 = cp_7/h**2*(cosd(theta_7))**3 // Illumination(lux)\n",
+"l_7 = h*tand(theta_7) // Distance(m)\n",
+"l = [-l_7,-l_6,-l_5,-l_4,-l_3,-l_2,-l_1,l_0,l_0,l_1,l_2,l_3,l_4,l_5,l_6,l_7]\n",
+"I = [I_7,I_6,I_5,I_4,I_3,I_2,I_1,I_0,I_0,I_1,I_2,I_3,I_4,I_5,I_6,I_7]\n",
+"a = gca() ;\n",
+"a.thickness = 2 // sets thickness of plot\n",
+"plot(l,I,'ro-') // Plot of illumination curve\n",
+"x = [0,0,0,0,0,0]\n",
+"y = [0,5,10,11,14,16]\n",
+"plot(x,y) // Plot of straight line\n",
+"a.x_label.text = 'Distance(metres)' // labels x-axis\n",
+"a.y_label.text = 'Illumination(flux)' // labels y-axis\n",
+"xtitle('Fig E4.4 . Illumination on a horizontal line below the lamp') \n",
+"xset('thickness',2) // sets thickness of axes\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.6 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nThe curve showing illumination on a horizontal line below lamp is represented in Figure E4.4')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.7: Maximum_and_Minimum_illumination_on_the_floor_along_the_centre_line.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.7 :\n",
+"// Page number 755\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"d = 9.15 // Lamp space(m)\n",
+"h = 4.575 // Height(m)\n",
+"P = 100.0 // Power(candle)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"theta_3_max = 0 // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_3_max_cubic = cosd(theta_3_max)**3\n",
+"theta_4_max = atand(2) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_4_max_cubic = cosd(theta_4_max)**3\n",
+"theta_5_max = atand(4) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_5_max_cubic = cosd(theta_5_max)**3\n",
+"theta_6_max = atand(6) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_6_max_cubic = cosd(theta_6_max)**3\n",
+"I_max = P/h**2*(cos_theta_3_max_cubic+2*cos_theta_4_max_cubic+2*cos_theta_5_max_cubic+2*cos_theta_6_max_cubic) // Max illumination(lux)\n",
+"theta_4_min = atand(1) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_4_min_cubic = cosd(theta_4_min)**3\n",
+"theta_5_min = atand(3) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_5_min_cubic = cosd(theta_5_min)**3\n",
+"theta_6_min = atand(5) // θ(°)\n",
+"cos_theta_6_min_cubic = cosd(theta_6_min)**3\n",
+"I_min = P/h**2*2*(cos_theta_4_min_cubic+cos_theta_5_min_cubic+cos_theta_6_min_cubic) // Minimum illumination(lux)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.7 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nMaximum illumination on the floor along the centre line = %.2f lux', I_max)\n",
+"printf('\nMinimum illumination on the floor along the centre line = %.2f lux', I_min)"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.8: Illumination_on_the_working_plane.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.8 :\n",
+"// Page number 758\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"b = 15.25 // Breadth of workshop(m)\n",
+"l = 36.6 // Length of workshop(m)\n",
+"no = 20.0 // Number of lamps\n",
+"P = 500.0 // Power of each lamp(W)\n",
+"n = 15.0 // Luminous efficiency of each lamp(lumens/watt)\n",
+"df = 0.7 // Depreciation factor\n",
+"cou = 0.5 // Co-efficient of utilization\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"lumen_lamp = no*P*n // Lamp lumens\n",
+"lumen_plane = lumen_lamp*df*cou // Lumens on the working plane\n",
+"I = lumen_plane/(l*b) // Illumination(lm/sq.m)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.8 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nIllumination on the working plane = %.1f lm per sq.m\n', I)\n",
+"printf('\nNOTE: ERROR: The breadth should be 15.25m but mentioned as 5.25m in textbook statement')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 42.9: Suitable_scheme_of_illumination_and_Saving_in_power_consumption.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// A Texbook on POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING\n",
+"// A.Chakrabarti, M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar\n",
+"// DHANPAT RAI & Co.\n",
+"// SECOND EDITION \n",
+"\n",
+"// PART IV : UTILIZATION AND TRACTION\n",
+"// CHAPTER 4: ILLUMINATION\n",
+"\n",
+"// EXAMPLE : 4.9 :\n",
+"// Page number 758-759\n",
+"clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console\n",
+"\n",
+"// Given data\n",
+"b = 27.45 // Breadth of hall(m)\n",
+"l = 45.75 // Length of hall(m)\n",
+"I_avg = 108.0 // Average illumination(lumens/sq.m)\n",
+"h = 0.75 // Height(m)\n",
+"cou = 0.35 // Co-efficient of utilization\n",
+"pf = 0.9 // Pereciation factor\n",
+"P_fl = 80.0 // Fluorescent lamp power(W)\n",
+"n_100 = 13.4 // Luminous efficiency for 100W filament lamp(lumens/watt)\n",
+"n_200 = 14.4 // Luminous efficiency for 200W filament lamp(lumens/watt)\n",
+"n_80 = 30.0 // Luminous efficiency for 80W fluorescent lamp(lumens/watt)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Calculations\n",
+"area = b*l // Area to be illuminated(Sq.m)\n",
+"I_total = area*I_avg // Total illumination on working plane(lumens)\n",
+"gross_lumen = I_total/(cou*pf) // Gross lumens required\n",
+"P_required = gross_lumen/n_200 // Power required for illumination(W)\n",
+"P_required_kW = P_required/1000 // Power required for illumination(kW)\n",
+"no_lamp = P_required/200 // Number of lamps\n",
+"P_required_new = gross_lumen/n_80 // Power required when fluorescent lamp used(W)\n",
+"P_required_new_kW = P_required_new/1000 // Power required when fluorescent lamp used(kW)\n",
+"P_saving = P_required_kW-P_required_new_kW // Saving in power(kW)\n",
+"\n",
+"// Results\n",
+"disp('PART IV - EXAMPLE : 4.9 : SOLUTION :-')\n",
+"printf('\nSuitable scheme: Whole area divided into %.f rectangles & 200-watt fitting is suspended at centre of each rectangle', no_lamp)\n",
+"printf('\nSaving in power consumption = %.1f kW', P_saving)"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 01:56:07 +0000