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-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/1-Passive_Circuits.ipynb293
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/10-Angle_Modulation.ipynb91
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/11-PULSE_MODULATION.ipynb87
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/12-DIGITAL_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb269
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/13-TRANSMISSION_LINES_AND_CABLES.ipynb240
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/14-WAVEGUIDES.ipynb71
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/15-RADIO_WAVE_PROPOGATION.ipynb228
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/16-ANTENNAS.ipynb129
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/17-Telephone_Systems.ipynb69
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/18-FACSIMILE_AND_TELEVISION.ipynb247
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/19-SATELLITE_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb144
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/2-WAVEFORM_SPECTRA.ipynb58
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/20-Fiber_Optic_Communication.ipynb439
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/4-Noise.ipynb463
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/5-TUNED_SMALL_SIGNAL_AMPLIFIERS_MIXERS_AND_ACTIVE_FILTERS.ipynb118
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/6-Oscillators.ipynb253
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/7-RECEIVERS.ipynb172
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/8-AMPLITUDE_MODULATION.ipynb148
-rw-r--r--Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/9-SINGLE_SIDEBAND_MODULATION.ipynb87
19 files changed, 3606 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/1-Passive_Circuits.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/1-Passive_Circuits.ipynb
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index 0000000..0356883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/1-Passive_Circuits.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 1: Passive Circuits"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.10_1: example_8.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 34\n",
+"// prob no 1_10_1\n",
+"//From the ckt of fig. 1.10.1(a)\n",
+"C1=70*10^-12\n",
+"C2=150*10^-12\n",
+"Rl=200\n",
+"Q=150\n",
+"f=27*10^6\n",
+"r=40000\n",
+"//Determination of common resonant freq\n",
+"wo=2*3.14*f;\n",
+"disp('Mrad/sec',wo/(10^6),+'The value of common resonant freq is');\n",
+"//Determination of Gl\n",
+"Gl=1/Rl;\n",
+"disp('mSec',Gl*(10^3),+'The value of Gl is');\n",
+"//Checking the approxiamtion in denominator\n",
+"ap=((wo*(C1+C2))/(Gl))^2\n",
+"alpha=(C1+C2)/C1;\n",
+"disp(alpha,'The value of alpha is ')\n",
+"//Determination of effective load\n",
+"Reff=((alpha)^2)*Rl;\n",
+"disp('kohm',Reff/(10^3),+'The value of effective load is');\n",
+"//If effective load is much less than internal resistance hence tuning capacitance then\n",
+"Cs=C1*C2/(C1+C2);\n",
+"disp('pF',Cs*(10^12),+'The value of tuning capacitance is'); \n",
+"//Determination of Rd\n",
+"Rd=Q/(wo*Cs);\n",
+"disp('kohm',Rd/(10^3),+'The value of Rd is'); \n",
+"//If Rd is much greater than Reff then -3dB bandwidth is given by\n",
+"B=1/(2*3.14*C2*alpha*Rl);\n",
+"disp('MHz',B/(10^6),+'The value of -3dB BW is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.2_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 5\n",
+"// prob no 1_2_2\n",
+"//T-type attenuator provide 6-dB insertion loss\n",
+"//All resistance are in ohm\n",
+"Ro=50\n",
+"ILdB=6\n",
+"IL=10^-(ILdB/20)\n",
+"//Determination of R \n",
+"R=Ro*(1-IL)/(1+IL)\n",
+"disp('ohm',R,+'The value of resistance R is')\n",
+"//Determination of R3\n",
+"R3=(2*Ro*IL)/(1-(0.5)^2)\n",
+"disp('ohm',R3,+'The value of resistance R3 is')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.2_3: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 7\n",
+"// prob no 1_2_3\n",
+"//pi-attenuator with 6 dB insertion loss\n",
+"//output resistance is Ro=50 ohm\n",
+"//All resistance are in ohm\n",
+"Ro=50\n",
+"ILdB=6\n",
+"IL=10^-(ILdB/20)\n",
+"//Determination of RA and RB\n",
+"RA=Ro*(1+IL)/(1-IL);\n",
+"disp('ohm',RA,+'The value of resistance RA and RB is')\n",
+"//Determination of RC\n",
+"RC=Ro*(1-(IL)^2)/(2*IL);\n",
+"disp('ohm',RC,+'The value of resistance RC is')"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.2_4: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 9\n",
+"// prob no 1_2_4\n",
+"//As given in fig. 1.2.4 L-attenuator with source resistance Rs=75 ohm and load resistance Rl=50 ohm\n",
+"Rs=75; Rl=50;\n",
+"//Determination of R1\n",
+"R1=(Rs*(Rs-Rl))^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('ohm',R1,+'The value of resistance R1 is');\n",
+"//Determination of R3\n",
+"R3=((Rs^2)-(R1^2))/R1;\n",
+"disp('ohm',R3,+'The value of resistance R3 is');\n",
+"//Determination of insertion loss\n",
+"IL=(R3*(Rs+R1))/((Rs+R1+R3)*(R3+R1)-(R3)^2)\n",
+"ILdB=-20*log10(IL);//convertion of power in decibels\n",
+"disp('dB',ILdB,+'The value of insertion loss is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.2_5: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 10\n",
+"// prob no 1_2_5\n",
+"//As given in fig. 1.2.4 L-attenuator with source resistance Rs=10 ohm and load resistance Rl=50 ohm\n",
+"Rs=10; Rl=50;\n",
+"//Determination of R2\n",
+"R2=(Rl*(Rl-Rs))^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('ohm',R2,+'The value of resistance R2 is');\n",
+"//Determination of R3\n",
+"R3=((Rl^2)-(R2^2))/R2;\n",
+"disp('ohm',R3,+'The value of resistance R3 is');\n",
+"//Determination of insertion loss\n",
+"IL=(R3*(Rs+Rl))/((Rs+R3)*(R3+R2+Rl)-(R3)^2)\n",
+"ILdB=-20*log10(IL);//convertion of power in decibels\n",
+"disp('dB',ILdB,+'The value of insertion loss is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.5_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 21\n",
+"// prob no 1_5_1\n",
+"//Series tuned resonant ckt is given which is tuned at 25 MHz with \n",
+"//series resistance 5 ohm self capacitance 7 pF and inductance 1 uH \n",
+"C=7*10^-12;R=5;L=10^-6;f=25*10^6;\n",
+"//Determination of self resonant freq of coil denoted as Fsr\n",
+"Fsr=1/(2*3.14*(L*C)^0.5);\n",
+"disp('MHz',Fsr/(10^6),+'The value of self resonant freq is');\n",
+"//Determination of Q-factor of coil,excluding self-capacitive effects\n",
+"Q=(2*3.14*f*L)/R;\n",
+"disp(Q,'The value of Q-factor is');\n",
+"//Determination of effective inductance\n",
+"Leff=L/(1-(f/Fsr)^2);\n",
+"disp('uH',Leff*(10^6),+'The value of effective inductance is');\n",
+"//Determination of effective Q-factor\n",
+"Qeff=Q*(1-(f/Fsr)^2);\n",
+"disp(Qeff,'The value of effective Q-factor is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 1.8_1: example_7.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 26\n",
+"// prob no 1_8_1\n",
+"//High frequency transformer with identical primary and secondary circuits\n",
+"Lp=150*10^-6;\n",
+"Ls=150*10^-6;\n",
+"Cp=470*10^-12;\n",
+"Cs=470*10^-12;\n",
+"//Lp=Ls=150 uH,Cp=Cs=470 pF\n",
+"Q=85//Q-factor for each ckt is 85\n",
+"c=0.01//Coeff of coupling is 0.01\n",
+"Rl=5000//Load resistance Rl=5000 ohm\n",
+"r=75000//Constant current source with internal resistance r=75 kohm\n",
+"//Determination of common resonant frequency\n",
+"wo=1/((Lp*Cp)^(1/2));\n",
+"//disp('Mrad/sec',wo/(10^6),+'The value of common resonant freq is');\n",
+"p=3.77*10^6;\n",
+"Z2=Rl/(1+(p*%i*Cs*Rl));\n",
+"Z1=r/(1+(p*%i*Cp*r));\n",
+"// At resonance Zs=Zp=Z\n",
+"Z=wo*Ls*(1/Q +%i);\n",
+"Zm=%i*p*c*Lp;\n",
+"// Determination of denominator\n",
+"Dr=((Z+Z1)*(Z+Z2))-(Zm^2)\n",
+"// Hence transfer impedance is given as\n",
+"Zr= (Z1*Z2*Zm)/Dr;\n",
+"disp('ohm',Zr,'The transfer impedance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/10-Angle_Modulation.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/10-Angle_Modulation.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8741415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/10-Angle_Modulation.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 10: Angle Modulation"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.12_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 343\n",
+"//problem no 10.12.1\n",
+"p=10;t=0.3*10^-6;gm=2*10^-3;\n",
+"q=1/p;f_max=q/(2*%pi*t);\n",
+"Z2=p/gm;\n",
+"R2=Z2;//Z2 is resistance\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent tuning capacitance\n",
+"C1=t/R2;\n",
+"Ceq=gm*t;\n",
+"disp('f',Ceq,'The equivaent tuning capacitance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.13_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 349\n",
+"//problem no 10.13.1\n",
+"del_phi_d=12;f_min=100;del_f_max_allow=15000;\n",
+"del_phi_rad=(12*%pi)/180;\n",
+"del_f_max=del_phi_rad*f_min;\n",
+"//Determination of freq deviation\n",
+"N=del_f_max_allow/del_f_max;\n",
+"l=del_f_max*729;//using six tripler\n",
+"f=0.1*729;\n",
+"//Determination of signal oscillator signal\n",
+"fo=152-f;\n",
+"disp('MHz',fo,'fo is best obtained by using two tripler');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/11-PULSE_MODULATION.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/11-PULSE_MODULATION.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fab2fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/11-PULSE_MODULATION.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 11: PULSE MODULATION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 11.3_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 392\n",
+"//prob no. 11.3.1\n",
+"//PCM system with SNR=40dB & rms peak ratio=-10\n",
+"SNR=40;\n",
+"//a)Determination of no. of bits/code\n",
+"n=(SNR-(10*log10(3))-(-10))/(20*log10(2));\n",
+"disp(n,'The no. of bits per code word is');\n",
+"disp('Rounded off ','=8');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 11.3_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 393\n",
+"//prob no. 11.3.2\n",
+"//A telephone signal wih cut off freq=4kHz digitzed into 8-bit at nyquist sampling rate fs=2W\n",
+"q=1;W=4*10^3;n=8;\n",
+"//a)Determination of Tx Bandwidth\n",
+"B=(1+q)*W*n;\n",
+"disp('Hz',B,'a)The transmission BW is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of quantization S/N ratio\n",
+"SN_dB=6*n;\n",
+"disp('dB',SN_dB,'b)The quantization S/N ration is'); "
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/12-DIGITAL_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/12-DIGITAL_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9bba36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/12-DIGITAL_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 12: DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.13_1: example_7.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 451\n",
+"//problem no 12.13.1\n",
+"//A 8 bit codewords\n",
+"Pbec=0.01;n=8;i=3;\n",
+"Pi=(Pbec^i)*((1-(Pbec))^(n-i));\n",
+"Cin=(factorial(n))/(factorial(i)*factorial(n-i));\n",
+"Pin=Cin*Pi;\n",
+"P_in=Cin*Pbec^i\n",
+"disp(Pin,'Pin=','The probability of a received codeword');\n",
+"disp(P_in,'P_in');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.13_3: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 454\n",
+"//problem no 12.13.3\n",
+"SN_dB=9;\n",
+"SNR=10^(SN_dB/10);\n",
+"PbeU=1/2 * (1-erf(sqrt(SNR)));\n",
+"BERu=PbeU;\n",
+"disp(BERu,'a)The bit error probability');\n",
+"n=10;k=n-1;\n",
+"r=k/n;\n",
+"SNR1=r*SNR;\n",
+"PbeC=1/2 * (1-erf(sqrt(SNR1)));\n",
+"BERc=(n-1)*PbeC^2;\n",
+"disp(BERc,'b)The bit error probability');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.13_4: example_9.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 457\n",
+"//problem no 12.13.4\n",
+"//Tx link \n",
+"SN_dB=8;\n",
+"SNR=10^(SN_dB/10);\n",
+"//a)Determination of bit error rate\n",
+"PbeU=0.5*(1-erf(sqrt(SNR)));\n",
+"BER_U=PbeU;\n",
+"disp(BER_U,'a)The bit-error rate is');\n",
+"//b)new bit error rate\n",
+"n=15;k=11;t=1;r=k/n;\n",
+"SNR_n=r*SNR;\n",
+"PbeC=0.5*(1-erf(sqrt(SNR_n)));\n",
+"BER_C=((factorial(n-1))*PbeC^(t+1))/((factorial(t))*(factorial(n-t-1)));\n",
+"disp(BER_C,'The new bit error rate is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.4_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 419\n",
+"// problem no 12.4.1\n",
+"//a binary polar waveform with following specifications are given\n",
+"Vs_Vn=4;//SNVR\n",
+"a=erf(4/sqrt(2));\n",
+"b=erfc(4/sqrt(2));\n",
+"Pbe=1/2 * b;// bit error probability\n",
+"disp(a);\n",
+"disp(b);\n",
+"disp(Pbe,'The bit error probability');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.4_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 420\n",
+"//problem no 12.4.2\n",
+"//a binary unipolar waveform with following specifications are given\n",
+"A=4;//max value of received signal voltage\n",
+"Vn=0.5;//rms noise voltage\n",
+"Vth=2;//Threshold voltage for the comparator\n",
+"Pbe=1/2 * b;// bit error probability\n",
+"disp(Pbe,'The bit error probability');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.4_3: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 421\n",
+"//problem no 12.4.3\n",
+"SNR=9;//SNR in dB\n",
+"//conversion of dB to power ratio\n",
+"p=10^(9/10);\n",
+"// for Polar\n",
+"Pbe1=1/2 * erfc(sqrt(7.94/2));\n",
+"disp(Pbe1);\n",
+"// for Unipolar\n",
+"Pbe2=1/2 * erfc(sqrt(7.94)/2);\n",
+"disp(Pbe2);"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.5_1: exampple_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 423\n",
+"//problem no 12.5.1\n",
+"// binary unipolar signal is given\n",
+"Pavg=6*10^-12;//in W\n",
+"d=0.02*10^-6;//pulse duration in sec\n",
+"T=550;//equivalent noise temp in K\n",
+"Eb=Pavg*d;//avg energy per pulse\n",
+"No=1.38*10^-23 *T;\n",
+"r=Eb/No;\n",
+"//Bit error probability is \n",
+"Pbe=1/2 * erfc(sqrt(r/2));\n",
+"disp(Pbe,'The bit error probability');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12.9_1: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 435\n",
+"//problem no 12.9.1\n",
+"ENR=10;// energy to noise density ratio\n",
+"Pbe1=1/2 * erfc(sqrt(ENR/2));\n",
+"disp(Pbe1,'a)The bit error probability');\n",
+"Pbe2=1/2 * %e^-(ENR/2);\n",
+"disp(Pbe2,'b)The bit error probability');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/13-TRANSMISSION_LINES_AND_CABLES.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/13-TRANSMISSION_LINES_AND_CABLES.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fb9abf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/13-TRANSMISSION_LINES_AND_CABLES.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 13: TRANSMISSION LINES AND CABLES"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.10_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 485\n",
+"//prob no. 13.10.1\n",
+"// Measurements on a 50 ohm slotted line gave\n",
+"Z0=50;//measured in ohm\n",
+"VSWR=2.0;\n",
+"d=0.2;//distance from load to first minimum\n",
+"T=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);\n",
+"pi=180;\n",
+"Ql=pi*(4*0.2-1);\n",
+"// using Euler's identity\n",
+"e=cosd(Ql)+%i*sind(Ql);// expansion for e^(jQl);\n",
+"a=T*e;\n",
+"//Load impedance is given as\n",
+"ZL=Z0*(1+a)/(1-a);\n",
+"disp('ohm',real(ZL),'a) The equivalent series resistance is');\n",
+"disp('ohm',imag(ZL),'The equivalent series reactance is');\n",
+"disp('The minus sign indicate the capacitive reactance');\n",
+"Yl=1/ZL;\n",
+"disp('ohm',1/real(Yl),'b) The equivalent parallel resistance is');\n",
+"disp('ohm',1/imag(Yl),'The equivalent parallel reactance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.11_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 488\n",
+"//prob no. 13.11.1\n",
+"d=0.1;//length of 50ohm short-circuited line\n",
+"Z0=50;//in ohm\n",
+"f=500*10^6;//freq in Hz\n",
+"pi=180;\n",
+"Bl=2*pi*d;\n",
+"//a)Determination of equivalent inductive reactance\n",
+"Z=%i*Z0*tand(Bl);\n",
+"disp('ohm','i',Z,'The equivalent inductive reactance is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of equivalent inductance\n",
+"L_eq=Z/(2*%pi*f);\n",
+"disp('nH',L_eq*10^9,'The equivalent inductance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.17_1: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 513\n",
+"//prob no. 13.17.1\n",
+"VSWR=2;l_min=0.2;Z0=50;\n",
+"Ql=((4*l_min )- 1)*%pi;\n",
+"tl=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);\n",
+"Tl=tl*%e^(%i*Ql);\n",
+"Zl=Z0*(1+Tl)/(1-Tl);\n",
+"disp('ohm',real(Zl),'a) The equivalent series resistance is');\n",
+"disp('ohm',imag(Zl),'The equivalent series reactance is');\n",
+"disp('The minus sign indicate the capacitive reactance');\n",
+"Yl=1/Zl;\n",
+"disp('ohm',1/real(Yl),'b) The equivalent parallel resistance is');\n",
+"disp('ohm',1/imag(Yl),'The equivalent parallel reactance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.17_2: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 514\n",
+"//prob no. 13.17.2\n",
+"// A transmission line is terminated with\n",
+"ZL=30-(%i*23);\n",
+"l=0.5;//// length of line in m\n",
+"Z0=50;//characteristic impedance in ohm\n",
+"wl=0.45;//wavelength on the line in m\n",
+"B=2*%pi/wl;\n",
+"Tl=(ZL-Z0)/(ZL+Z0)\n",
+"VI=1;//reference voltage in volt\n",
+"VR=VI*Tl;\n",
+"Vi=VI*%e^(%i*B*l);\n",
+"Vr=VR*%e^-(%i*B*l);\n",
+"V=Vi+Vr;\n",
+"I=(Vi-Vr)/Z0;\n",
+"Z=V/I;\n",
+"disp('ohm',Z,'The input impedance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.17_3: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 515\n",
+"//prob no. 13.17.3\n",
+"Z0=600;Zl=73;//in ohm\n",
+"F=0.9;\n",
+"QF=(2*%pi*F)/4;\n",
+"//For matching, the effective load impedance on the main line must equal the characteristic impedance of the mail line\n",
+"Zl1=Zl;\n",
+"Z01=sqrt(Zl1*Zl);\n",
+"Tl=(Zl-Z01)/(Zl+Z01);\n",
+"VI=1;//reference voltage\n",
+"Vi=VI*%e^(%i*QF);\n",
+"Vr=Tl*VI*%e^-(%i*QF);\n",
+"V_in=Vi+Vr;\n",
+"I_in=(Vi-Vr)/Z01;\n",
+"Z_in=V_in/I_in;\n",
+"disp('ohm',Z_in,'The input impedance is');\n",
+"//the voltage reflection coeff is\n",
+"TL_F=(Z_in-Z0)/(Z_in+Z0);\n",
+"//the VSWr is given as\n",
+"VSWR_F=(1+TL_F)/(1-TL_F);\n",
+"disp(VSWR_F,'The VSWR is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 13.5_2: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 475\n",
+"//prob no. 13.5.2\n",
+"// The attenuation coeff is 0.0006 N/m\n",
+"a=0.0006;//The attenuation coeff in N/m\n",
+"//a)Determinaion of the attenuation coeff in dB/m\n",
+"a_dB=8.686*a;\n",
+"disp('dB/m',a_dB,'The attenuation coeff is');\n",
+"//b) Determination of attenuation coeff in dB/mile\n",
+"k=1609;//conversion coeff for meter to mile\n",
+"a_dB_mile=k*a_dB;\n",
+"disp('dB/mile',a_dB_mile,'The attenuation coeff is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/14-WAVEGUIDES.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/14-WAVEGUIDES.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdc9ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/14-WAVEGUIDES.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 14: WAVEGUIDES"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 14.2_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 524\n",
+"//prob no. 14.2.1\n",
+"// A rectangular waveguide has a broad wall dimension as a=0.900 in. Therefore\n",
+"a=2.286;//in cm\n",
+"wl_c=2*a*10^-2;//in m\n",
+"c=3*10^8;\n",
+"wl=c/10^10;//in m\n",
+"if(wl_c >wl)\n",
+" disp('i)TE10 wave will propogate');\n",
+"else\n",
+" disp('i)TE10 wave will not propogate');\n",
+"end\n",
+"//determination of gide wl\n",
+"wl_g=wl/(sqrt(1-(wl/wl_c)^2));\n",
+"disp('cm',wl_g*10^2,'Guide wavelength is');\n",
+"//determination of phase velocity\n",
+"vp=c*wl_g/wl;\n",
+"disp('m/s',vp,'Phase velocity is');\n",
+"//determination of group velocity\n",
+"vg=c*wl/wl_g;\n",
+"disp('m/s',vg,'Group velocity is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/15-RADIO_WAVE_PROPOGATION.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/15-RADIO_WAVE_PROPOGATION.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e80ded0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/15-RADIO_WAVE_PROPOGATION.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 15: RADIO WAVE PROPOGATION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.2_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 538\n",
+"//prob no. 15.2.1\n",
+"// satellite communication system is given \n",
+"ht=36000;//height of satellite in km\n",
+"f=4000;//freq used in MHz\n",
+"Gt=15;//transmitting antenna gain\n",
+"Gr=45;//receiving antenna gain\n",
+"// A) Determination of free-space transmission loss\n",
+"L=32.5+20*log10(ht)+20*log10(f);\n",
+"disp('dB',L,'The free-space transmission loss is');\n",
+"// B) Determination of received power Pr\n",
+"Pt=200;//transmitted power in watt\n",
+"Pr_Pt=Gt+Gr-L;//power ration in dB\n",
+"Pr_Pt_watt=10^(Pr_Pt/10);//power ratio in watts\n",
+"//Therefore\n",
+"Pr=Pt*Pr_Pt_watt;\n",
+"disp('watts',Pr,'The received power');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.2_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 539\n",
+"//prob no. 15.2.2\n",
+"// In the given problemhalf dipole antenna is given\n",
+"Pr=10;//radiated power in watt\n",
+"f=150;//freq used in MHz\n",
+"d2=50;//distance of dipole in km\n",
+"//we know for the half dipole the maximum gain is 1.64:1,and the effectie length is wl/pi. Therefore open-ckt voltage induced is given as\n",
+"Vs=sqrt(30*Pr*1.64)/(d2*10^3)*2/%pi;\n",
+"disp('uV',Vs*10^6,'The open-ckt voltage induced is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.3_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 545\n",
+"//prob no. 15.3.1\n",
+"// VHF mobile radio system is given \n",
+"Pt=100;//transmitted power\n",
+"f=150;//freq used in MHz\n",
+"d1=20;//height of transmitting antenna in m\n",
+"Gt=1.64;//transmitting antenna gain\n",
+"ht=2;//height of receiving antenna in m\n",
+"d2=40;// distance in km\n",
+"wl=c/(f*10^6);\n",
+"E0=sqrt(30*Pt*Gt)\n",
+"// Field strength at a receiving antenna is\n",
+"ER=(E0*4*%pi*d1*ht)/(wl*(d2*10^3)^2);\n",
+"disp('uV/m',ER*10^6,'Field strength at a receiving antenna is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.3_2: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 548\n",
+"//prob no. 15.3.2\n",
+"ht1=100;ht2=60;//antenna heights in ft\n",
+"dmax_miles=sqrt(2*ht1)+sqrt(2*ht2);\n",
+"disp('miles',dmax_miles,'The maximum range is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.4_1: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 560\n",
+"//prob no. 15.4.1\n",
+"ht=200;//virtual height in km\n",
+"a=6370;//in km\n",
+"B_degree=20;\n",
+"B_rad=20*%pi/180;//angle of elevation in degree\n",
+"// The flat-earth approximation gives \n",
+"d=2*ht/tand(B_degree);\n",
+"disp('km',d,'d=');\n",
+"// By using radian measures for all angles\n",
+"d=2*a*(((%pi/2)-B_rad)-(asin(a*cosd(B_degree)/(a+ht))));\n",
+"disp('km',d,'d=');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 15.7_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 574\n",
+"//prob no. 15.7.1\n",
+"// In this problem data regarding the sea water is given\n",
+"conductivity = 4;//measured in S/m\n",
+"rel_permittivity =80;\n",
+"u=4*%pi*10^-7;\n",
+"f1=100;//measured in Hz\n",
+"f2=10^6;//measured in Hz\n",
+"// A) first it is necessary to evaluate the ratio of conductivity/w*rel_permittivity\n",
+"w1=2*%pi*f1;\n",
+"r=conductivity/w1*rel_permittivity;\n",
+"//after the calculation this ratio is much greater than unity. Therefore we have to use following eq to calculate the attenuation coeff as\n",
+"a=sqrt(w1*conductivity*u/2);\n",
+"disp('N/m',a,'The attenuation coeff is');\n",
+"// By using the conversion factor 1N=8.686 dB\n",
+"a_dB=a*8.686;\n",
+"disp('dB/m',a_dB,'The attenuation coeff in dB/m is');\n",
+"// B)\n",
+"w2=2*%pi*f2;\n",
+"r=conductivity/w2*rel_permittivity;\n",
+"//after the calculation this ratio is much greater than unity. Therefore we have to use following eq to calculate the attenuation coeff as\n",
+"a=sqrt(w2*conductivity*u/2);\n",
+"disp('N/m',a,'The attenuation coeff is');\n",
+"// By using the conversion factor 1N=8.686 dB\n",
+"a_dB=a*8.686;\n",
+"disp('dB/m',a_dB,'The attenuation coeff in dB/m is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/16-ANTENNAS.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/16-ANTENNAS.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37ad774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/16-ANTENNAS.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 16: ANTENNAS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 16.19_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//prob no. 16.19.1\n",
+"// Paraboloida reflector antenna is given with\n",
+"D=6;//reflector diameter in m\n",
+"n=0.65;//illumination effeciency\n",
+"f=10^10;//frequency of operation in Hz\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//velo of light in m/s\n",
+"wl=c/f;\n",
+"A=(%pi*D^2)/4;\n",
+"A_eff=n*A;\n",
+"disp('m^2',A_eff,'Effective area is');\n",
+"D0=4*%pi*A_eff/wl^2;\n",
+"disp(D0,'The directivity is');\n",
+"BW_dB=70*wl/D;\n",
+"disp('degree',BW_dB,'The -3dB beamwidth is');\n",
+"BW_null=2*BW_dB;\n",
+"disp('degree',BW_null,'The null beamwidth is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 16.7_2: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 590\n",
+"//prob no. 16.7.2\n",
+"//For the Hertzian dipole, the radiation pattern is described by g(x)=sin^2(x) and g(y)=1\n",
+"// Determination of -3dB beamwidth\n",
+"// from the polar diagram shown we have\n",
+"g_x=0.5;\n",
+"x=asind(sqrt(g_x));\n",
+"g_y=0.5;\n",
+"y1=asind(sqrt(g_y));\n",
+"y=y1+90;\n",
+"//Therefore\n",
+"z=y-x;\n",
+"disp('degree',z,'The -3dB beamwidth is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 16.9_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//prob no. 16.9.1\n",
+"//Half dipole antenna is given with I=Io*cos(Bl) where l=0\n",
+"//The physical length of the antenna is wl/2\n",
+"//consider wl=unity and current Io=unity\n",
+"Io=1;\n",
+"wl=1;\n",
+"phy_length=wl/2;\n",
+"I_av=2*Io/%pi;\n",
+"//Thus area is given as \n",
+"Area=I_av*phy_length;\n",
+"// From the above eq l_effective is given as\n",
+"disp('l_eff= wl/pi');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/17-Telephone_Systems.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/17-Telephone_Systems.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d02180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/17-Telephone_Systems.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 17: Telephone Systems"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 17.1_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 641\n",
+"//problem no 17.1.1\n",
+"//a)Determination of max gain1\n",
+"FTL=50;M=12;\n",
+"NFL=2*FTL;NFLG=(NFL-M);\n",
+"G_max1=NFLG/2;\n",
+"disp('dB',G_max1,'a)The max gain is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of max gain2\n",
+"IL=3;RLW=20;RLE=40;\n",
+"NL=(4*IL)+RLW+RLE;\n",
+"NLG=(NL-M);\n",
+"G_max2=NLG/2;\n",
+"disp('dB',G_max2,'The max gain is');\n",
+"//c)Determination of amplr gain \n",
+"LT=15;OM=6;\n",
+"OLW=(RLW-LT)/2;\n",
+"OLE=(RLE-LT)/2;\n",
+"A=OM+OLW+OLE+(2*IL);\n",
+"disp('dB',A,'The amplr gain is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/18-FACSIMILE_AND_TELEVISION.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/18-FACSIMILE_AND_TELEVISION.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..716bb20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/18-FACSIMILE_AND_TELEVISION.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 18: FACSIMILE AND TELEVISION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.2_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 671\n",
+"// prob no 18_2_1\n",
+"//A drum of facsimile machine with diameter=70.4mm & scanning pitch=0.2mm/scan\n",
+"D=70.4;P=0.2;\n",
+"//Determination of index of co-operation \n",
+"IOC_CCITT=D/P;\n",
+"IOC_IEEE=IOC_CCITT*(%pi);\n",
+"disp(IOC_IEEE,'The index of co-operation is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.2_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 676\n",
+"// prob no 18_2_2\n",
+"//A drum scanner in eg.18.2.1 with pitch=0.26mm/line & diameter=68.4mm & drum rotate at 120rpm & scans lines=1075\n",
+"D=68.4;P=0.26;rpm=120;n=1075;\n",
+"//Determination of no. of pixels scan\n",
+"Npx=(%pi)*(D/P);\n",
+"disp('pixels/line',Npx,'The no. of pixels in scan line is');\n",
+"//Determination of scan rate\n",
+"Rs=rpm/60;\n",
+"disp('lines/sec',Rs,'The scan rate is');\n",
+"//Determination of pixel rate is \n",
+"Rpx=Npx*Rs;\n",
+"disp('pixels/sec',Rpx,'The pixel rate is');\n",
+"f_max=Rpx/2;\n",
+"//Determination of document Tx time\n",
+"td=n/(60*Rs);\n",
+"disp('min',td,'The document Transmission time is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.3_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 693\n",
+"//prob no. 18.3.1\n",
+"a=(4/3);//aspect ratio\n",
+"N=525;//no. of line periods per frame\n",
+"Ns=40;//no. of suppressed lines\n",
+"//Determination of no. of pixel periods in line period\n",
+"Nv=N-Ns;\n",
+"disp('lines',Nv,'The no. of pixel periods in line period is ');\n",
+"//Determination of picture height and width\n",
+"Nh=a*Nv;\n",
+"disp('pixels',Nh,'The picture height is'); \n",
+"Nl=(Nh/0.835);\n",
+"disp('pixels',Nl,'The picture length is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.3_2: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 694\n",
+"//prob no. 18.3.2\n",
+"//A TV system with\n",
+"N=525;P=30;\n",
+"//Determination of horizontal and vertical synchhronization freq.\n",
+"fh=N*P;\n",
+"disp('Hz',fh,'the horizontal freq. is ');\n",
+"fv=2*P;\n",
+"disp('Hz',fv,'the vertical freq. is ');\n",
+"//Determination of time reqd to scan one line\n",
+"Th=(1/fh);\n",
+"disp('sec',Th,'the time reqd to scan one line is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.3_3: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 695\n",
+"//prob no. 18.3.3\n",
+"//U.S. NTSC is given \n",
+"//refer example 18.3.2\n",
+"fh=15750;Nl=775;\n",
+"//Determination of video bandwidth\n",
+"Bv=0.35*fh*Nl;\n",
+"disp('Hz',Bv,'the band width is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.7_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 706\n",
+"//prob no. 18.7.1\n",
+"//refer example 18.3.1\n",
+"a=4/3;//aspect ratio\n",
+"D=48.26*10^-2;//CRT tube diagonal\n",
+"Nh=647;\n",
+"H=sqrt((a^2)*(D^2)/(1+a^2));\n",
+"//Determination of viewing angle & minimum dist. \n",
+"w=H/Nh;\n",
+"theta=Nh*(1/60);//As each pixel subtend 1 minute of arc\n",
+"disp('degree',theta,'The viewing angle is');\n",
+"X=H/(2*tand(theta/2));\n",
+"disp('m',X,'The min. viewing dist is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 18.7_2: example_7.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 707\n",
+"//prob no. 18.7.2\n",
+"//HDTV system is given\n",
+"//Refer example 18.7.1\n",
+"a=16/9;D=1.40;Nh=1840;//Assuming square pixel\n",
+"H=sqrt((a^2)*(D^2)/(1+a^2));\n",
+"//Determination of viewing angle\n",
+"theta=Nh*(1/60);\n",
+"disp('degree',theta,'The viewing angle is');\n",
+"//Determination of viewing dist\n",
+"X=H/(2*tand(theta/2));\n",
+"disp('m',X,'The viewing dist is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/19-SATELLITE_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/19-SATELLITE_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f19c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/19-SATELLITE_COMMUNICATIONS.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 19: SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 19.14_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 737\n",
+"//problem no 19.14.1\n",
+"//A high power amplr \n",
+"P_HPA=600;TFL_dB=1.5;G_dB_ES=50;RFL_dB=1;GTR_dB_SAT=-8;FSL_dB=200;AML_dB=0.5;PL_dB=0.5;AA_dB=1;\n",
+"//Determination of carrier to noise ratio\n",
+"P_dB_HPA=10*log10(P_HPA/1);\n",
+"EIRP_dB=P_dB_HPA-TFL_dB+G_dB_ES;\n",
+"TPL_dB=FSL_dB+AML_dB+PL_dB+AA_dB;\n",
+"CNoR_dB=EIRP_dB-TPL_dB-RFL_dB+GTR_dB_SAT+228.6;\n",
+"disp(CNoR_dB,'The carrier to noise ratio in dB is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 19.14_2: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 739\n",
+"//problem no 19.14.2\n",
+"f=14*10^9;BO_dB=10;GTR_dB_SAT=3;RFL_dB=1;phi_dB=-98;c=3*10^8;\n",
+"//Determination of carrier to noise ratio\n",
+"wav=c/f;\n",
+"Ao_dB=10*log10((wav^2)/(4*(%pi)*1));\n",
+"CNo_dB=phi_dB-BO_dB+GTR_dB_SAT-RFL_dB+Ao_dB+228.6;\n",
+"disp(CNo_dB,'The carrier to noise ratio is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 19.16_1: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no \n",
+"//problem no 19.16.1\n",
+"//Determination of overall C/N\n",
+"CNo_dB_U=88;CNo_dB_D=78;\n",
+"NoC_U=10^(-CNo_dB_U/10);\n",
+"NoC_D=10^(-CNo_dB_D/10);\n",
+"NoC=NoC_U+NoC_D;\n",
+"CNo_dB=10*log10(1/NoC);\n",
+"disp(CNo_dB,'The overall carrier to noise ratio is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 19.17_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 742\n",
+"// prob no 19.17.1\n",
+"// A digital satellite link is given with following specification\n",
+"Eb_N0=9.6;//ratio expessed in dB\n",
+"Rb=1.544*10^6;//bit rate expessed in bps\n",
+"// The bit rate in dB relative to 1bps is\n",
+"R_dB_b=10*log10(Rb) ;\n",
+"//The required CN0 ratio is\n",
+"CNo_db=Eb_N0+R_dB_b;\n",
+"disp(CNo_db,'The ratio C/No is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/2-WAVEFORM_SPECTRA.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/2-WAVEFORM_SPECTRA.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..367a0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/2-WAVEFORM_SPECTRA.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 2: WAVEFORM SPECTRA"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.13_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 74\n",
+"//prob no. 2.13.1\n",
+"//A rectangular pulse with h=3V and width=2ms across 10 ohm resistor\n",
+"V=3;t=2*10^-3;R=10;\n",
+"//Determination of average energy\n",
+"P=(V^2)/R;//Instantaneous power\n",
+"U=P*t;\n",
+"disp('J',U,'The average energy is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/20-Fiber_Optic_Communication.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/20-Fiber_Optic_Communication.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6aef58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/20-Fiber_Optic_Communication.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 20: Fiber Optic Communication"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.2_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 753\n",
+"// prob no 20.2.1\n",
+"// An optic fiber is made of glass with following details\n",
+"n1=1.55;//RI of glass\n",
+"n2=1.51;//RI of clad\n",
+"// NA of the fibe is given as\n",
+"NA=n1*sqrt(2*(n1-n2)/n1);\n",
+"disp(NA,'The numerical aperture is');\n",
+"// Acceptance angle is given as\n",
+"acc_angle=asind(NA);\n",
+"disp(acc_angle,'The acceptance angle is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.2_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 761\n",
+"//prob no. 20.2.2\n",
+"//refer example 20.2.1\n",
+"d=50*10^-6;wav=0.8*10^-6;NA=0.352;\n",
+"//Determination of V number\n",
+"V=(%pi)*d*NA/wav\n",
+"disp(V,'the V no. is');\n",
+"//Determination of approximate number of modes\n",
+"N=(V^2)/2;\n",
+"disp(N,'the approximate no. of modes are ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.2_3: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 763\n",
+"//prob no. 20.2.3\n",
+"d=5*10^-6;wave=1.3*10^-6;NA=0.35;\n",
+"//Determination of V no.\n",
+"V=(%pi)*d*NA/wave;\n",
+"disp(V,'the v no. is' );\n",
+"disp('from the table it is seen that 6 modes have cut off v less than 4.23 ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.2_4: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 762\n",
+"//prob no. 20.2.4\n",
+"//refer example 20.2.3\n",
+"a=2;//gradding profile index\n",
+"V=69.1;//normalized cutoff freq.\n",
+"N=2390;//number of modes supported as a step index fiber \n",
+"//Determination of no. of modes supported by graded index fiber\n",
+"N_a=(N*a)/(a+2);\n",
+"disp(N_a,'no. of modes supported by graded index fiber');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.2_5: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 763\n",
+"//prob no. 20.2.5\n",
+"d=10*10^-6;wav=1.3*10^-6;n1=1.55;V_max=2.405clc;\n",
+"//page no 762\n",
+"//prob no. 20.2.4\n",
+"NA_max=(V_max*wave)/(%pi*d);\n",
+"//a)Dtermination of maximum normailized index difference\n",
+"del=(1/2)*(NA/n1)^2;\n",
+"disp(del,'a)the normilized index difference is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of reffactive index of claddin glass\n",
+"n2=n1*(1-del);\n",
+"disp(n2,'b)cladding index required is');\n",
+"//Determination of the fiber acceptance angle \n",
+"theta_max=asind(NA);\n",
+"disp(theta_max,'the max acceptance angle is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.3_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no \n",
+"//prob no. 20.3.1\n",
+"//A silica fiber with \n",
+"A_max=25;A1=2;A2=0.3;\n",
+"//a)Determination of repeater dist at 0.9um wavelength\n",
+"z1=A_max/A1;\n",
+"disp('km',z1,'a)the repeater dist for 0.9um wavelength is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of repeater dist at 1.5um wavelength\n",
+"z2=A_max/A2;\n",
+"disp('km',z2,'a)the repeater dist for 1.5um wavelength is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_1: example_7.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 772\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.1\n",
+"//Refer example 20.4.1\n",
+"n1=1.55;del=0.0258;l=12.5;z=1000;c=3*10^8;\n",
+"//a)Determination of intermodal dispersion\n",
+"del_per_km=(n1*z*del)/((1-del)*c);\n",
+"disp('s/km',del_per_km,'the intermodal dispersion is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of intermodal dispersion for l=12.5\n",
+"del_l=del_per_km*l/1000;\n",
+"disp('s',del_l,'the intermodal dispertion for l=12.5 is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_2: example_13.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 773\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.2\n",
+"//Refer example 20.4.1\n",
+"n1=1.55;del=0.0258;z=1000;c=3*10^8;z_disp=12.5;\n",
+"del_graded=(n1*z*del^2)/(8*c);\n",
+"//Determination of intermodal dispersion\n",
+"del_total=del_graded*z_disp;\n",
+"disp('sec',del_total,'the intermodal dispersion is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_3: example_8.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 774\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.3\n",
+"//Refer example 20.4.1\n",
+"wav_0=0.8*10^-6;Dm=-0.15;wav_3=1.5;z=12.5;\n",
+"del_t=Dm*wav_3;\n",
+"//Determination of total material dispersion\n",
+"del_md=del_t*z;\n",
+"disp('ns',del_md,'The total material dispersion is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_4: example_9.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 775\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.4\n",
+"Dm=6.6;z=12.5;del_3=6;\n",
+"del_wg=Dm*z*del_3;\n",
+"disp('ps',del_wg,'Expected waveguide dispersion is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_5: example_10.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 776\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.5\n",
+"del_imd=0;del_md=2.81;del_wgd=0.495;t_w=2.5;\n",
+"del_tot=((del_imd^2)+(del_md^2)+(del_wgd^2))^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('ns',del_tot,'The total dispersion is');\n",
+"t_r=((t_w^2)+(del_tot^2))^(1/2)\n",
+"//Determination of max allowed bit rate\n",
+"B=(1000/(2*t_r));\n",
+"disp('Mbps',B,'The max allowed bit rate is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.4_6: example_11.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 778\n",
+"//prob no. 20.4.6\n",
+"//A multimode step index fiber\n",
+"del_t=4;B=10;\n",
+"//a)Determination of BW distance product\n",
+"BDP=1/(2*del_t);\n",
+"disp('Mbps-km',BDP,'a)The BW distance product for fiber is');\n",
+"//b)Determiation of dispersion limited length\n",
+"z_max_disp=BDP/(B*10^-3);\n",
+"disp('km',z_max_disp,'b)The disp limited length for a fiber is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.5_1: example_14.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 780\n",
+"//prob no. 20.5.1\n",
+"//3 semiconductor diodes are given\n",
+"E1=1.9;E2=1.46;E3=0.954;eV=1.9;//All in eV\n",
+"c=3*10^8;//speed of light\n",
+"//a)Determination of wavelength and freq for E1=1.9\n",
+"wav1=1.241/E1;f1=c/(wav1*10^-6);\n",
+"disp('um',wav1,'a)i)the wavelength is');\n",
+"disp('Hz',f1,'a)ii)the freq is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of wavelength and freq for E2=1.46\n",
+"wav2=1.241/E2;f2=c/(wav2*10^-6);\n",
+"disp('um',wav2,'b)i)the wavelength is');\n",
+"disp('Hz',f2,'b)ii)the freq is');\n",
+"//c)Determination of wavelength and freq for E3=0.945\n",
+"wav3=1.241/E3;f3=c/(wav3*10^-6);\n",
+"disp('um',wav3,'c)i)the wavelength is');\n",
+"disp('Hz',f3,'c)ii)the freq is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 20.8_1: example_12.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 799\n",
+"//prob no. 20.8.1\n",
+"//A fiber link is given\n",
+"pt=0;pr=-57;Nc=2;BER=10^-9;N=5;Lpt=6;Lpr=6;Lc=1;Ls=0.5;Lf=2;M=5;del_t=0.505;B=35;Ns=5;\n",
+"//a)Determination of loss-limited fiber length\n",
+"z=(pt-pr-M-(Nc*Lc)-(Ns*Ls)-Lpt-Lpr)/Lf;\n",
+"disp('km',z,'a)the loss-limited fiber is');\n",
+"//b)Determination of max BW for loss-limited fiber length\n",
+"B_max=1/(5*del_t*z);\n",
+"disp('Gbps',B_max,'b)the max BW for loss-limited length is');\n",
+"//c)Determination of dispersion-limited length \n",
+"z_disp=1000/(5*del_t*B);\n",
+"disp('km',z_disp,'the dispertion limited length is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/4-Noise.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/4-Noise.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a457360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/4-Noise.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 4: Noise"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.11_1: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 135\n",
+"// prob no 4_11_1\n",
+"//An amplifier is given\n",
+"Rn=300;//Equivalent noise resistance\n",
+"Ieq=5*10^-6;//Equivalent noise current is 5 uA\n",
+"Rs=150;//Amplifier fed from 150 ohm,10 uV rms sinusoidal source\n",
+"Vs=10*10^-6;\n",
+"Bn=10*10^6;//Noise BW is 10 MHz\n",
+"//Assume the following\n",
+"kT=4*10^-21;//k is Boltzman constant in J/K & T is room temp\n",
+"q=1.6*10^-19;//Charge on electron in coulombs\n",
+"//Determination of shot noise current\n",
+"Ina=(2*q*Ieq*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('nA',Ina*(10^9)','The value of shot noise current Ina is ');\n",
+"//Noise voltage developed by this across source resistance is \n",
+"V=Ina*Rs;\n",
+"disp('uV',Vs*(10^6)','The value of noise voltage across Rs is ');\n",
+"//Noise voltage developed across Rn resistance is\n",
+"Vna=(4*Rn*kT*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vna*(10^6)','The value of noise voltage across Rn is ');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage from source \n",
+"Vns=(4*Rs*kT*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vns*(10^6)','The value of thermal noise voltage at Rs is');\n",
+"//Determination of total noise voltage at input\n",
+"Vn=(((V)^2)+((Vna)^2)+((Vns)^2))^(1/2)\n",
+"disp('uV',Vn*(10^6)','The value of total noise voltage Vn is ');\n",
+"//Determination of signal to noise ratio in dB\n",
+"SNR=20*(log10(Vs/Vn));\n",
+"disp('dB',SNR,'The value of signal to noise ratio is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.12_1: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 136\n",
+"// prob no 4_12_1\n",
+"//As shown in fig 4.12.1\n",
+"//Three identical links are given with for 1 link is SNR=60 dB\n",
+"SNR1=60;\n",
+"l=3;\n",
+"//Determination of output signal to noise ratio\n",
+"SNR=(SNR1)-10*log10(l);\n",
+"disp('dB',SNR,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.12_2: example_7.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 137\n",
+"// prob no 4_12_2\n",
+"//SNR for three links is given in which Ist two have SNR 60 db & IInd 40 dB\n",
+"SNRdB(1)=60;//SNR is 60 dB for Ist link\n",
+"SNRdB(2)=60;//SNR is 60 dB for IInd link\n",
+"SNRdB(3)=40;//SNR is 40 dB for IIIrd link\n",
+"//Determination of power in watt\n",
+"for i=1:3\n",
+"snr(i)=10^(-SNRdB(i)/10);\n",
+"end;\n",
+"//Determination of overall SNR\n",
+"for i=1:3\n",
+"SNR=snr(i);\n",
+"end;\n",
+"//Determination of total SNR in dB \n",
+"SNRdB=10*(-log10(SNR));\n",
+"disp('dB',SNRdB,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.13_1: example_8.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 139\n",
+"// prob no 4_13_1\n",
+"//Noise fig. of an amplifier is 7 dB with input SNR=35 dB\n",
+"SNRin=35;//SNR at i/p of amplifier\n",
+"F=7;//Noise figure of an amplifier\n",
+"//Determination of output SNR\n",
+"SNRout=SNRin-F;\n",
+"disp('dB',SNRout,'The value of output signal to noise ratio is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.14_1: example_9.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 140\n",
+"// prob no 4_14_1\n",
+"//Noise fig. of an amplifier is 13 dB with BW=1MHz\n",
+"f=13;//Noise figure of an amplifier\n",
+"Bn=1*10^6;\n",
+"kT=4*10^-21;//k is Boltzman constant in J/K & T is room temp\n",
+"F=10^(f/10);\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent amplifier input noise\n",
+"Pna=(F-1)*kT*Bn;\n",
+"disp('pW',Pna*10^12,'The value of input noise is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.15_1: example_10.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 141\n",
+"// prob no 4_15_1\n",
+"//mixer with noise fig. 20dB preceded by amplifier with noise fig. 9dB is given\n",
+"f1=9;//Noise fig for amplifier\n",
+"f2=20;//Noise fig for mixer\n",
+"g=15;//power gain\n",
+"//Converting dB in power ratio\n",
+"F1=10^(f1/10);\n",
+"F2=10^(f2/10);\n",
+"G=10^(g/10);\n",
+"//Determination of overall noise fig. reffered at i/p\n",
+"F=F1+(F2-1)/G;\n",
+"//converting in dB\n",
+"FdB=10*log10(F);\n",
+"disp('dB',FdB,'The overall noise fig is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.17_1: example_11.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 143\n",
+"// prob no 4_17_1\n",
+"//An attenuator is given with insertion loss of 6 dB\n",
+"//Noise fig is equivalent to insertion loss\n",
+"F=6;//Noise fig.=6 dB\n",
+"//Determination of noise factor\n",
+"Fn=10^(6/10);\n",
+"disp(Fn,'The value of noise factor is '); "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.18_1: example_12.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 144\n",
+"// prob no 4_18_1\n",
+"//A receiver with noise fig. 12dB fed by low noise amplr with gain 50 dB with noise temp of 90 k\n",
+"f=12;\n",
+"Tm=290;//Room temp value \n",
+"T=90;\n",
+"g=50;\n",
+"//calculating power ratio\n",
+"F=10^(f/10);\n",
+"G=10^(g/10);\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise at room temp\n",
+"Tem=(F-1)*Tm;\n",
+"disp('K',Tem,'The value of equivalent noise at room temp is');\n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise at 90 k temp\n",
+"Te=T+(Tem/G);\n",
+"disp('K',Te,'The value of equivalent noise at noise temp=90 is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.19_1: example_13.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 146\n",
+"// prob no 4_19_1\n",
+"//An avalanche diode source is given with excess noise ratio is 14 dB\n",
+"enr=14;\n",
+"To=290;//Room temp in K\n",
+"y=9;//Y-factor is 9 dB\n",
+"//converting dB in power ratio\n",
+"ENR=10^(enr/10);\n",
+"Y=10^(y/10);\n",
+"//From def of ENR the hot temp is\n",
+"Th=To*(ENR+1);\n",
+"disp('K',Th,'The value of hot temp Th is '); \n",
+"//Determination of equivalent noise temp\n",
+"Te=(Th-(Y*To))/(Y-1);\n",
+"disp('K',Te,'The value of equivalent noise temp Te is '); "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.2_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 120\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_1\n",
+"//Resistor at room temp T=290 K with BW=1MHz and R=50 ohm\n",
+"T=290\n",
+"BW=1*10^6// Noise bandwidth in hertz\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"R=50\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise power Pn\n",
+"Pn=k*T*BW;\n",
+"disp('W',Pn,+'The value of thernal noise power is');\n",
+"//Determination of RMS noise voltage\n",
+"En=(4*R*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En*(10^6),+'The value of RMS noise voltage is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.2_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 122\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_2\n",
+"//Two resistor at room temp are given with BW=100KHz\n",
+"R1=20000\n",
+"R2=50000\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"T=290\n",
+"BW=100*10^3\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20Kohm resistor\n",
+"En1=(4*R1*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En1*(10^6),+'a)i)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 50 kohm resistor\n",
+"En2=En1*(R2/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En2*(10^6),+'a)ii)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20K & 50k resistor in series \n",
+"Rser=R1+R2// Series combination of R1 & R2\n",
+"En3=En1*(Rser/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En3*(10^6),+'b)The value of RMS noise voltage is');\n",
+"//Determination of thermal noise voltage for 20K & 50k resistor in parellel\n",
+"Rpar=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)// parallel combination of R1 & R2\n",
+"En4=En1*(Rpar/R1)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',En4*(10^6),+'c)The value of RMS noise voltage is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.2_3: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 128\n",
+"// prob no 4_2_3\n",
+"//Parallel tuned ckt tuned at resonant freq f=120 MHz\n",
+"f=120*10^6;\n",
+"c=25*10^-12;//capacitance of 12 pF\n",
+"Q=30;//Q-factor of the ckt is 30\n",
+"BW=10*10^3;//cahnnel BW of the receiver is 10 KHz\n",
+"k=1.38*10^-23 //Boltzman constant in J/K\n",
+"T=290;//Room temp\n",
+"//Determination of effective noise voltage Rd apearing at i/p at room temp\n",
+" Rd=Q/(2*%pi*f*c);\n",
+" disp('kohm',Rd/1000,'The value of Rd is ');\n",
+" Vn=(4*Rd*k*T*BW)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('uV',Vn*(10^6),'The value of effective noise voltage is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.3_1: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 131\n",
+"// prob no 4_3_1\n",
+"//Direct current of 1 mA flowing across semiconductor junctn\n",
+"Idc=10^-3;\n",
+"Bn=10^6;//Effective noise BW=1 MHz\n",
+"q=1.6*10^-19;//Charge on electron in coulombs\n",
+"//Determination of noise component current In in DC current of Idc=1 mA\n",
+"In=(2*Idc*q*Bn)^(1/2);\n",
+"disp('nA',In*(10^9)','The value of noise current In is ')"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/5-TUNED_SMALL_SIGNAL_AMPLIFIERS_MIXERS_AND_ACTIVE_FILTERS.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/5-TUNED_SMALL_SIGNAL_AMPLIFIERS_MIXERS_AND_ACTIVE_FILTERS.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3532b30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/5-TUNED_SMALL_SIGNAL_AMPLIFIERS_MIXERS_AND_ACTIVE_FILTERS.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 5: TUNED SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS MIXERS AND ACTIVE FILTERS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.4_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"//page no 162\n",
+"// problem no 5.4.1\n",
+"//Resonating freq of a tuned ckt of a CE amplifier is 5MHz\n",
+"f=5*10^6;\n",
+"c=100*10^-12;//tuning capacitance in F\n",
+"Q=150;// Q-factor of the ckt\n",
+"Rl=5*10^3;//load resistance in ohm\n",
+"Rc=40*10^3;//o/p reistance of transistor\n",
+"Ic=500*10^-6;//transister collector current in A\n",
+"C=0.6*10^-12;//collector to base capacitance in F\n",
+"Vt=26*10^-3;//thermal voltage in V\n",
+"//transe conductance is given as\n",
+"gm=Ic/Vt;\n",
+"RD2=Q/(2*%pi*f*c);\n",
+"// At resonance the output admittance is purely conductive and is given as\n",
+"Yo=(1/Rc)+(1/RD2)+(1/Rl);\n",
+"//The voltage gain is given as\n",
+"Av=-(gm/Yo);\n",
+"disp(Av,'The voltage gain is');\n",
+"//The Millar capacitance is given as\n",
+"Cm=(1-Av)*C;\n",
+"disp('pF',Cm*10^12,'The Millar capacitance is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.4_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 163\n",
+"// problem no 5.4.2\n",
+"//Resonating freq of a tuned ckt of a CE amplifier is 5MHz\n",
+"f=5*10^6;//in Hz\n",
+"w0=2*%pi*f;\n",
+"Q=100;//Q-factor of the ckt\n",
+"L=2*10^-6;//inductance expressed in H\n",
+"Rs=1000;//source resistance in ohm\n",
+"Ic=500*10^-6;//transister collector current in A\n",
+"Vt=26*10^-3;//thermal voltage in V\n",
+"hfe=200;\n",
+"C_be=10*10^-12;//in pF\n",
+"// refer to problem 5.4.1\n",
+"Av=78;\n",
+"Cm=47;\n",
+"gm=Ic/Vt;\n",
+"r_be=hfe/gm;\n",
+"// The dynamic resistance of the tuned ckt is\n",
+"RD1=Q*w0*L;\n",
+"//The effective dynamic conductance is\n",
+"RD1eff_1=(1/Rs)+(1/RD1)+(1/r_be);\n",
+"RD1_eff=1/RD1eff_1\n",
+"// Tha effective Q-factor is \n",
+"Qeff=RD1_eff/(w0*L);\n",
+"disp(Qeff,'The effective Q-factor is');\n",
+"// The voltage gain refered to source is\n",
+"Avs=RD1_eff*Av/Rs;\n",
+"disp(Avs,'The voltage gain is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/6-Oscillators.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/6-Oscillators.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9495714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/6-Oscillators.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 6: Oscillators"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 199\n",
+"// prob no 6.3.1\n",
+"// RC phase shift scillator\n",
+"// In the given problem small-signal o/p resistance Rc=40kohm\n",
+"// collector bias resistor, rc=10kohm,f=400 Hz;\n",
+"// all resistances are in Kohm and freq in Hz\n",
+"f=400;rc= 10; Rc= 40;\n",
+"// Minimum value of beta is given by Bomin= 23+(4*Ro/R)+(29*R/Ro)\n",
+"// For minimum beta Ro/R=2.7, we represent Ro/R=b\n",
+"b=2.7;\n",
+"Bomin=23+(4*b)+(29*1/b);\n",
+"disp(Bomin,'1.The minimum value of beta is');\n",
+"//Determination of R and C components\n",
+"//R0 is given by (rc*Rc)/(rc+Rc)\n",
+"R0=(rc*Rc)/(rc+Rc);\n",
+"R=2.7* R0;\n",
+"disp('Kohm',R,+'2.The value of resistor R=');\n",
+"c=1/(2*%pi*f*R*sqrt(6+(4*b)))*10^9;\n",
+"disp('pF',c,+'3.The value of capacitor is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3_2: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 200\n",
+"// prob no 6.3.2\n",
+"// RC phase shift oscillator\n",
+"// all resistors are in Kohm\n",
+"f=800;R0=18;\n",
+"// R>>Ro should be chosen to minimize the effect of Ro on frequency. A number of values for R can be tried, and it will be found that R=100Kohm is reasonable.\n",
+"R=100;\n",
+"c=1/(2*%pi*f*R*sqrt(6+(4*R0/R)))*10^9;// C in pF\n",
+"disp('pF',c,+'The value of capacitor is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3_3: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 201\n",
+"// prob no 6_3_3\n",
+"// RC pase shift oscillator\n",
+"// All resistors are in Kohm\n",
+"f=1000; Ro=5;\n",
+"//Choose R>> R0 to minimize the effects of R0 on frequency. Select R=100kohm\n",
+"R=100;\n",
+"c=1/(2*%pi*f*R*sqrt(6+(4*R0/R)))*10^9;\n",
+"disp('pF',c,+'The value of capacitor is ');\n",
+"// The required open -circuit voltage gain is \n",
+"Ao= 29+23*(Ro/R)+4*(Ro/R)^2;\n",
+"disp(Ao,'1.The required open -circuit voltage gain is');\n",
+"gm=Ao/Ro;\n",
+"disp('mS',gm,+'2.The value of gm is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.4_1: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 205\n",
+"// prob no 6_4_1\n",
+"// colpitt's oscillator\n",
+"L=400*10^-6;// in H\n",
+"c1= 100;// in pF\n",
+"c2= 300;// in pF\n",
+"Q=200;\n",
+"Ro= 5*10^3;\n",
+"Bo=100;//beta value\n",
+"// The tuning capacitance is\n",
+"Cs=(c1*c2/(c1+c2));\n",
+"disp('pF',Cs,+'1.The value of capacitor is ');\n",
+"// the frequency of oscillation is obtained as\n",
+"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*Cs*10^-12));\n",
+"disp('Hz',f,'2.The frequency of oscillation is');\n",
+"// The dynamic impedence of the tuned circuit \n",
+"wo= 2*%pi *f;\n",
+"Rd=Q/(wo*Cs*10^-12);\n",
+"disp('ohm',Rd,+'3.The dynamic impedence of the tuned circuit');\n",
+"// The coil series resistance is \n",
+"r=wo*L/Q;\n",
+"disp('ohm',r,+'4.The coil series resistance is ');\n",
+"//The capacitor raio c= c1/c2=1/3, and therefore 1-c2/B0*c1 = 1 .\n",
+"// The starting value of gm is therefore given by\n",
+"c= c1/c2;\n",
+"gm=(1/Ro)*c +(c+3+2)*(1/Rd);\n",
+"disp('sec',gm,+'5.The value of gm is');\n",
+"// Assuming the input resistance is that of the transistor alone,\n",
+"R1=Bo/gm;\n",
+"disp('ohm',R1,+'6.The input resistance is');\n",
+"//The actual starting frequency is obtained from wo^2=(1/LCs)+(1/R1R2C1C2)\n",
+"wo2=1/((L*Cs*10^-12)+(1/R1*Ro*c1*c2*10^-12*10^-12));\n",
+"wo=sqrt(wo2);\n",
+"// Hence the frequency is \n",
+"f=wo/(2*%pi);\n",
+"disp('Hz',f,'7.The frequency of oscillation is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.6_1: example_5.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 211\n",
+"// prob no 6.6.1\n",
+"//In given problem zero bias capacitance co is 20pF\n",
+"Co=20;// in pF\n",
+"Vd=-7;// reverse bias voltage in volt\n",
+"//constant pottential of junction is 0.5\n",
+"a=0.5;// for abrupt junction\n",
+"Cd=Co/(1-(Vd/0.5))^a;\n",
+"disp('pF',Cd,+'The value of capacitor is ');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.6_2: example_6.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 212\n",
+"// prob no 6.6.2\n",
+"//Voltage controlled Clapp oscillator\n",
+"// Capacitor is in pF and inductor in uH\n",
+"C1=300; C2=300; Cc=20; L=100;\n",
+"// A) With zero applied bias,the total tuning capacitor is\n",
+"Vd1=0;a=0.5;Co=20;\n",
+"Cd1=Co/(1-(Vd1/0.5))^a;\n",
+"Cs1=1/((1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/Cc)+(1/Cd1));\n",
+"disp('pF',Cs1, +'1.The total tuning capacitor is');\n",
+"// The frequency of oscillation is\n",
+"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*10^-6*Cs1*10^-12));\n",
+"disp('Hz',f,'2.The frequency of oscillation is');\n",
+"// B) With a reverse bias of -7 v, the tuning capacitance becomes\n",
+"Vd2=-7;\n",
+"Cd2=Co/(1-(Vd2/0.5))^a;\n",
+"Cs2=1/((1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/Cc)+(1/Cd2));\n",
+"disp('pF',Cs2, +'3.The total tuning capacitor is');\n",
+"// The frequency of oscillation is\n",
+"f=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*10^-6*Cs2*10^-12));\n",
+"disp('Hz',f,'4.The frequency of oscillation is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/7-RECEIVERS.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/7-RECEIVERS.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a48b81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/7-RECEIVERS.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 7: RECEIVERS"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.3_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 227\n",
+"//prob no. 7.3.1\n",
+"//An RF receiver tunes signal in 550-1600kHz with IF=455kHz\n",
+"fs_min=550*10^3;fs_max=1600*10^3;IF=455*10^3;\n",
+"//Determination of freq tuning ranges\n",
+"fo_min=fs_min+IF;\n",
+"fo_max=fs_max+IF;\n",
+"disp('Hz',fo_max,'fo_max=','Hz',fo_min,'fo_min=','The freq tuning range is');\n",
+"Rf=(fo_max)/(fo_min);//calculation of freq tuning range ratio\n",
+"disp(Rf,'Rf=','The tuning range ratio of oscillator is');\n",
+"Rc=Rf^2;//calculation of capacitance tuning range ratio\n",
+"disp(Rc,'Rc=','The capacitor tuning range ratio of oscillator is');\n",
+"//For RF section\n",
+"Rf1=fs_max/fs_min;\n",
+"disp(Rf1,'Rf=','The tuning range ratio of RF-ckt is');\n",
+"Rc1=Rf1^2; \n",
+"disp(Rc1,'Rc','The capacitor tuning range ratio of RF-ckt is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.4_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 230\n",
+"//prob no. 7.4.1\n",
+"//Refer example 7.3.1\n",
+"//2-tuning capacitor with max 350pF/section ^ capacitance ratio in eg. 7.3.1\n",
+"Rco=8.463;Rfo=2.909;Rcs=4.182;Rfo=2.045;fo_max=2055*10^3;fo_min=1005*10^3;\n",
+"Cs_max=350*10^-12;\n",
+"//For the RF section\n",
+"Cs_min=Cs_max/Rcs;\n",
+"disp('F',Cs_min,'The Cs_min is'); "
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.6_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 234\n",
+"//prob no. 7.6.1\n",
+"// An AM broadcast receiver with following specifications is given\n",
+"IF=465;//IF in KHz\n",
+"fs=1000;//Tuning freq in KHz\n",
+"Q=50;//Quality factor\n",
+"// Oscillator freq fo is given as\n",
+"fo=fs+IF;\n",
+"// a) Image freq is given as\n",
+"fi=fo+IF;\n",
+"disp('KHz',fi,'Image freq is');\n",
+"y=fi/fs - fs/fi;\n",
+"// b) image rejection is given as \n",
+"Ar=1/sqrt(1+(y*Q)^2);\n",
+"Ar_dB=20*log10(Ar);\n",
+"disp('dB',Ar_dB,'Image rejection is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.7_1: example_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 236\n",
+"//prob no. 7.7.1\n",
+"// refer to example 7.3.1\n",
+"// A broadcast receiver is tuned to a signal with\n",
+"fs=950;//in KHz\n",
+"IF=455;//in KHz\n",
+"m=[1,2];\n",
+"n=[1,2];\n",
+"f0=fs+IF;\n",
+"disp('The sum of frequencies are');\n",
+"for i=1:1:2\n",
+" for j=1:1:2\n",
+"fu1=n(j)/m(i) *f0 + 1/m(i) *IF;\n",
+"disp(fu1);\n",
+"end\n",
+"end\n",
+"disp('The difference of frequencies are');\n",
+"for i=1:1:2\n",
+" for j=1:1:2\n",
+"fu2=n(j)/m(i) *f0 - 1/m(i) *IF;\n",
+"disp(fu2);\n",
+"end\n",
+"end"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/8-AMPLITUDE_MODULATION.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/8-AMPLITUDE_MODULATION.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3df6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/8-AMPLITUDE_MODULATION.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 8: AMPLITUDE MODULATION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.11_1: exampple_4.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 274\n",
+"//prob no. 8.11.1\n",
+"//RC load ckt for diode detector with c=1000pF in paralel with R=10Kohm\n",
+"fm=10*10^3;//modulation freq\n",
+"c=1000*10^-12;R=10*10^3;\n",
+"Yp=(1/R)+((%i)*2*(%pi)*fm*c);//admittance of RC load\n",
+"disp(Yp);\n",
+"Zp=1/sqrt((real(Yp)^2)+(imag(Yp)^2));\n",
+"disp(Zp);\n",
+"//Determination of max modulation index\n",
+"m=Zp/R;\n",
+"disp(m,'The max modulation index is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.3_1: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 257\n",
+"//prob no. 8.3.1\n",
+"//A modulating signal with zero dc component & vpp=11,vcp=10 carrier peak voltage\n",
+"vpp=11;//peak to peak voltage of modulating signal\n",
+"vcp=10;//carrier peak voltage\n",
+"//Determination of modulation index\n",
+"E_max=vcp+(vpp/2);\n",
+"E_min=vcp-(vpp/2);\n",
+"m=(E_max-E_min)/(E_max+E_min);\n",
+"disp(m,'The modulation index is');\n",
+"//determination of kratio of side lengths\n",
+"L1_L2=E_max/E_min;\n",
+"disp(L1_L2,'The ratio of side lengths L1/L2 is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.5_1: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 260\n",
+"//prob no. 8.5.1\n",
+"//A carrier with fc=10MHz & vp=10V modulated with fm=5kHz & Vm=6V\n",
+"fc=10*10^6;//Carrier freq\n",
+"fm=5*10^3;//Modullating freq\n",
+"vp=10;vm=6;\n",
+"//Determination of modulation index\n",
+"m=vm/vp;\n",
+"disp(m,'The modulation index is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.7_1: example_3.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"//page no 263\n",
+"//prob no. 8.7.1\n",
+"//AM radio Tx=10A when unmodulated & 12A when modulated\n",
+"I=12;Ic=10;\n",
+"//Determination of modulation index\n",
+"m=sqrt(2*(((I/Ic)^2)-1));\n",
+"disp(m,'The modulation index is');"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/9-SINGLE_SIDEBAND_MODULATION.ipynb b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/9-SINGLE_SIDEBAND_MODULATION.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bd915f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electronic_Communication_by_D_Roddy/9-SINGLE_SIDEBAND_MODULATION.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 9: SINGLE SIDEBAND MODULATION"
+ ]
+ },
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 9.2: example_1.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 349\n",
+"// prob no 9.2\n",
+"Nd=7; N_start=1; N_stop=1; N_parity=1;\n",
+"Nt= Nd + N_start+ N_stop + N_parity;\n",
+"efficiency=Nd/Nt *100;\n",
+"disp('%',efficiency,'The efficiency is');"
+ ]
+ }
+,
+{
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 9.6: example_2.sce"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+"cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"clc;\n",
+"// page no 358\n",
+"// prob no 9.6\n",
+"m=21;\n",
+"// The correct number of check bits is the smallest number that satisfy the equation 2^n >= m+n+1;\n",
+"for n=1:1:10 // we choose range of 1 to 10\n",
+" a=m+n+1;\n",
+" b=2^n;\n",
+" if(b>=a)\n",
+" disp(n,'hammming bits are required')\n",
+" break;\n",
+" end\n",
+"end"
+ ]
+ }
+],
+"metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Scilab",
+ "language": "scilab",
+ "name": "scilab"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "file_extension": ".sce",
+ "help_links": [
+ {
+ "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+ "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+ }
+ ],
+ "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+ "name": "scilab",
+ "version": "0.7.1"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}