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+{
+"cells": [
+ {
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+	   "metadata": {},
+	   "source": [
+       "# Chapter 8: Flow Through Cascades"
+	   ]
+	},
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.1: Calculation_on_a_compressor_cascade.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// scilab Code Exa 8.1 Calculation on a compressor cascade\n",
+"\n",
+"V1=75; // Absolute Velocity of air at entry in m/s\n",
+"alpha1=48; // air angle at entry\n",
+"alpha2=25; // air angle at exit\n",
+"p=1.1; // pitch-chord ratio\n",
+"delps=11; // stagnation pressure loss in mm W.G.\n",
+"ro=1.25; // density of air in kg/m3\n",
+"g=9.81;\n",
+"a=0.5*(tand(alpha1)+tand(alpha2)); \n",
+"alpham=atand(a);\n",
+"b=0.5*ro*(V1^2);\n",
+"Y=delps*g/b;\n",
+"disp (Y,'the loss coefficient is')\n",
+"c=(cosd(alpham)^3)/(cosd(alpha1)^2);\n",
+"C_D=p*Y*c;\n",
+"disp (C_D,'the drag coefficient is')\n",
+"d=2*p*(tand(alpha1)-tand(alpha2))*cosd(alpham);\n",
+"e=C_D*tand(alpham);\n",
+"C_L=d-e;\n",
+"disp (C_L,'the Lift coefficient is')\n",
+"f=(cosd(alpha1)^2)/(cosd(alpha2)^2);\n",
+"C_ps=1-f;\n",
+"disp (C_ps,'the Ideal pressure recovery coefficient is')\n",
+"C_pa=C_ps-Y;\n",
+"disp (C_pa,'the Actual pressure recovery coefficient is')\n",
+"n_D=C_pa/C_ps;\n",
+"disp (n_D,'the Diffuser efficiency is')\n",
+"n_dmax=1-(2*C_D/C_L);\n",
+"disp (n_dmax,'the Maximum Diffuser efficiency is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.2: Calculation_on_a_turbine_blade_row_cascade.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// scilab Code Exa 8.2 Calculation on a turbine blade row cascade\n",
+"\n",
+"beta1=35; //  blade angle at entry\n",
+"beta2=55; // blade angle at exit\n",
+"i=5; // incidence\n",
+"delta=2.5; // deviation\n",
+"alpha1=beta1+i; // air angle at entry\n",
+"alpha2=beta2-delta; // air angle at exit\n",
+"t_c=0.3; // maximum thickness-chord ratio(t/l)\n",
+"a_r=2.5; // aspect ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"//part(a)optimum pitch-chord ratio from Zweifels relation\n",
+"C_z=0.8; // from Zweifel's relation \n",
+"p_c=C_z/(2*(cosd(alpha2)^2)*(tand(alpha1)+tand(alpha2)));\n",
+"disp (p_c,'(a)the optimum pitch-chord ratio from Zweifels relation is')\n",
+"\n",
+"//part(b) loss coefficient from Soderbergs and Hawthorne relations\n",
+"ep=alpha1+alpha2; // deflection angle\n",
+"Zeeta=0.075;\n",
+"b=(1+Zeeta)*(0.975+(0.075/a_r))\n",
+"zeeta=b-1;\n",
+"disp (zeeta,'(b)(i)the loss coefficient from Soderbergs relation is')\n",
+"z_p=0.025*(1+((ep/90)^2)); // Hawthorne's relation\n",
+"disp (z_p,'(b)(ii)the loss coefficient from Hawthorne relation is')\n",
+"z=(1+(3.2/a_r))*z_p; // the total cascade loss coefficient\n",
+"Y=0.5*(z+zeeta); \n",
+"\n",
+"// part(c)drag coefficient\n",
+"alpham=atand(0.5*(tand(alpha2)-tand(alpha1)));\n",
+"C_D=p_c*Y*(cosd(alpham)^3)/(cosd(alpha2)^2);\n",
+"disp (C_D,'(c)the drag coefficient is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(d)Lift coefficient\n",
+"C_L=(2*p_c*(tand(alpha1)+tand(alpha2))*cosd(alpham))+(C_D*tand(alpham));\n",
+"disp (C_L,'(d)the Lift coefficient is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.3: Calculation_on_a_compressor_cascade.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// scilab Code Exa 8.3 Calculation on a compressor cascade\n",
+"theta=25; // Camber angle\n",
+"gamma_a=30; // stagger angle\n",
+"i=5; // incidence\n",
+"t_c=0.031; // momentum thickness-chord ratio(t/l)\n",
+"p_c=1; // pitch-chord ratio\n",
+"\n",
+"//part(a)cascade blade angles\n",
+"beta1=((2*gamma_a)+theta)*0.5; //  blade angle at entry\n",
+"beta2=((2*gamma_a)-theta)*0.5; // blade angle at exit\n",
+"disp ('(a)therefore, the blade angles are')\n",
+"disp ('degree',beta1,'beta1=')\n",
+"disp ('degree',beta2,'beta2=')\n",
+"\n",
+"//part(b) the nominal air angles\n",
+"alpha1=beta1+i; // air angle at entry\n",
+"alpha2=atand(tand(alpha1)-(1.55/(1+(1.5*p_c)))); // air angle at exit\n",
+"disp ('(b)therefore, the air angles are')\n",
+"disp ('degree',alpha1,'alpha1=')\n",
+"disp ('degree',alpha2,'alpha2=')\n",
+"\n",
+"//part(c) stagnation pressure loss coefficient\n",
+"Y=2*t_c*p_c*(cosd(alpha1)^2)/(cosd(alpha2)^3);\n",
+"disp (Y,'(c)the stagnation pressure loss coefficient is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(d)drag coefficient\n",
+"alpham=atand(0.5*(tand(alpha1)+tand(alpha2)));\n",
+"C_D=p_c*Y*(cosd(alpham)^3)/(cosd(alpha1)^2);\n",
+"disp (C_D,'(d)the drag coefficient is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(e)Lift coefficient\n",
+"C_L=(2*p_c*(tand(alpha1)-tand(alpha2))*cosd(alpham))-(C_D*tand(alpham));\n",
+"disp (C_L,'(e)the Lift coefficient is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.4: Calculation_on_a_blower_type_annular_cascade_tunnel.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// scilab Code Exa 8.4 blower type annular cascade tunnel\n",
+"\n",
+"t=35;\n",
+"T=t+273;  // test Temperature in Kelvin\n",
+"p=1.02; //  test Pressure in bar\n",
+"dm=50/100; // mean diameter of the impeller blade in m\n",
+"b=15/100; // blade length in m\n",
+"n_o=0.6; // stage efficiency\n",
+"R=287;\n",
+"c=100; // Maximum Velocity upstream of the cascade in m/s\n",
+"ro=p*10e4/(R*T); // density of air in kg/m3\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(a) determining the total pressure developed by the blower\n",
+"d_h=0.5*ro*(c^2);\n",
+"loss=0.1*d_h;\n",
+"delp=d_h+loss;\n",
+"disp ('mm W.G.' ,delp/9.81,'(a)the pressure developed is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part (b) determining the discharge\n",
+"A=%pi*dm*b; // the annulus cross-sectional area \n",
+"Q=c*A;\n",
+"disp ('m3/min' ,Q*60,'(b)the discharge is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part (c) determining the power required to drive the blower\n",
+"P=Q*delp/(n_o*10e2);\n",
+"disp('kW',P,'(c)Power required to drive the blower is')"
+   ]
+   }
+,
+{
+		   "cell_type": "markdown",
+		   "metadata": {},
+		   "source": [
+			"## Example 8.5: Calculation_on_a_compressor_type_radial_cascade_tunnel.sce"
+		   ]
+		  },
+  {
+"cell_type": "code",
+	   "execution_count": null,
+	   "metadata": {
+	    "collapsed": true
+	   },
+	   "outputs": [],
+"source": [
+"// scilab Code Exa 8.5 compressor type radial cascade tunnel\n",
+"\n",
+"M=0.7; // Mach Number\n",
+"pr=0.721; // pr=pt/p0 From isentropic gas tables\n",
+"t_opt=0.911; // t_opt=Tt/T0\n",
+"pa=1.013; //  Atmospheric Pressure in bar\n",
+"Ta=306; // in K\n",
+"n_c=0.65; // efficiency\n",
+"R=288;\n",
+"gamma=1.4;\n",
+"alpha=30;\n",
+"dm=45/100; // mean diameter of the impeller blade in m\n",
+"b=10/100; // blade width in m\n",
+"cp_a=1.008; // Specific Heat of air at Constant Pressure in kJ/(kgK)\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(a) pressure ratio of the compressor\n",
+"pr_c=1/pr;\n",
+"disp(pr_c,'(a)pressure ratio of the compressor is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(b) stagnation pressure in the settling chamber\n",
+"p02=pa*pr_c;\n",
+"disp('bar',p02,'(b)stagnation pressure in the settling chamber is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(c)test section conditions(static pressure, temperature and velocity)\n",
+"n=(gamma-1)/gamma;\n",
+"T02s=Ta*(pr_c^((gamma-1)/gamma));\n",
+"T02=Ta+((T02s-Ta)/n_c);\n",
+"T_t=t_opt*T02;\n",
+"p_t=pr*p02;\n",
+"c_t=M*sqrt(gamma*R*T_t);\n",
+"disp('(c)test section conditions are given by: ')\n",
+"disp('bar',p_t,'static pressure of air in the test section is')\n",
+"disp('K',T_t,'static temperature of air in the test section is')\n",
+"disp('m/s',c_t,'velocity of air in the test section is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part(d) determining mass flow rate\n",
+"c_r=c_t*sind(alpha);\n",
+"ro_t=p_t*1e5/(R*T_t); // density of air in kg/m3\n",
+"A_t=%pi*dm*b;\n",
+"m=ro_t*A_t*c_r;\n",
+"disp('kg/s',m,'(d) mass flow rate of compressor is')\n",
+"\n",
+"// part (e) determining the power required to drive the air compressor\n",
+"delh_s=cp_a*(T02-Ta);\n",
+"P=m*delh_s;\n",
+"disp('kW',P,'(e)Power required to drive the air compressor is')"
+   ]
+   }
+],
+"metadata": {
+		  "kernelspec": {
+		   "display_name": "Scilab",
+		   "language": "scilab",
+		   "name": "scilab"
+		  },
+		  "language_info": {
+		   "file_extension": ".sce",
+		   "help_links": [
+			{
+			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
+			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
+			}
+		   ],
+		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
+		   "name": "scilab",
+		   "version": "0.7.1"
+		  }
+		 },
+		 "nbformat": 4,
+		 "nbformat_minor": 0
+}