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+//clear//
+//Caption:Program to calculate percent in decrease of number of modes
+//Example 3.4
+//page 99
+clear;
+clc;
+alpha = 2; //graded index profile
+n2 = 1.5; //cladding 
+Lamda = 1.3e-06; //wavelength
+R = 0.01; //bend radius of curvature
+a = 25e-06;// core radius
+delta = 0.01; //core-cladding index profile
+k = 4.83e06; //propagation constant
+disp(k,'k = ')
+part1 = (2*a/R)+floor((3/(2*n2*k*R))^(2/3));
+part2 = (alpha+2)/(2*alpha*delta);
+Neff_Ninf = 1-part1*part2;
+disp('number of modes decreased by')
+disp('Percent  in graded-index fiber',Neff_Ninf*100)
+//RESULTS
+//number of modes decreased by 50 Percent  in graded-index fiber