diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3753')
84 files changed, 1419 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eca4b2ce6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 1.1, Page number 1.35 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +D=1 //Distance in metre +lamda=589*10**-9 //nm to metres +d=2*10**-3 //mm to metre + +//Calculation +Beta=(D*lamda)/d // in mm + +//Result +printf("The fringe width beta=%0.4f mm",(Beta*10**3)) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53ac2e73e --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 1.10, Page number 1.38 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5893; // in micron +n=3 // unitless +d_lamda=6 // in micron + +//Calculation +N=(lamda)/(n*d_lamda) // number of rulings + +//Result +printf("N = %0.1f",N) +printf("\nThe number of rulings needed is 328. This is the minimum requirement.") diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..261f99c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 1.11, Page number 1.38 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5.5*10**-7 // in m +d=2.54 // in m +x=1.22// unitless +//Calculation +dtheta=(x*lamda)/d // radian + +//Result +printf("Smallest angular separation of two stars = %0.3e radian",dtheta) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22d980fe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 1.12, Page number 1.38 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=6500 // in Angstrom +theta=30*%pi/180 // radian + +//Calculation +a=lamda/sin(theta) // Angstrom + +//Result +printf("Slit width value, a= %0.f Angstroms",a) +printf("\nor a = %0.1f micron",(a*10^-4)) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c494fdd33 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 1.13, Page number 1.38 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +a2=1 // amplitude +a1=2*a2 // amplitude +//Calculation +r=a1/a2 // ratio + +//Result +printf("r=%.f/1",r) //r = r/1 = r:1 +printf("\nHence the ratio of the amplitudes= 2:1") + diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecdef4c08 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 1.14, Page number 1.39 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +theta=5*10**-3/2// unitless +lamda=5*10**-7 // in m + +//Calculation +a=(lamda)/theta // in m + +printf("a=%0.e m",(a)) +printf("\n a=%.1f mm",a*10**3) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9ea23ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 1.15, Page number 1.39 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +N=20// unitless +lamda=5000*10**-10 //Angstroms to meters +t=2.5*10**-5 // in m + +//Calculation +mu_1=(N*lamda)/t// unitless +mu=1+(mu_1)// unitless + +//Result +printf("mu-1=%.1f",mu_1) +printf("\nRefractive index, mu=%1f",mu) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb4f2173f --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 1.16, Page number 1.39 +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +theta=90*%pi/180 //theta=90 degrees to get maximum number of orders assume +lamda=5890*10**-10 // in m +aplusb=2*10**-6 //micro mts to mts + +//Calculation +n=(aplusb*sin(theta))/lamda // order + +//Result +printf("Maximum number of orders=%d",n) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c95c6f529 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 1.2, Page number 1.35 +clc;clear;close + +//Variable declaration +N=3 //position +lamda=5450*10**-10 //Wawelength in Armstrong to metre +mu=1.5 // unitless + +//Calculation +t=(N*lamda)/(mu-1) // micron + +//Result +printf("Thickness of glass plate=%0.2f micron",(t*10**6)) + diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1849c6cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 1.3, Page number 1.36 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +w=0.02 // in m +n=1 +lamda=6.56*10**-7 // in m +theta=(18+(14/60))*%pi/180 // in radian + +//Calculation +N=(w*sin(theta))/(n*lamda) // no. of lines + +//Result +printf("Total number of lines n the grating=%d",round(N)) +//Answer varies due to rounding of number" diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32e33a179 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 1.4, Page number 1.36 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5893*10**-10 //Angstroms to mts +x=4*10**-2 // unitless +Beta=1*10**-3 // unitless + +//Calculation +t=(lamda*x)/(2*Beta) + +//Result +printf("t=%0.3f micron",(t*10**6)) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0f84ac4a --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 1.6, Page number 1.36 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5500 // Angstrom +nf=1.38 //unitless + +//Calculation +t=lamda/(4*nf) // Angstrom + +//Result +printf("The minimum thickness of coating,t=%0.1f Angstrom",t) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5923188f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 1.7, Page number 1.37 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +Beta=0.00227 //distance between adjascent green lines +D=2.5 // in m +d=0.0006 //distance between narrow slits + +//Calculation +lamda=(Beta*d)/D // in m + +//Result +printf("Wavelength,lamda=%.4e m",(lamda)) +//Answer varies due to rounding of number" diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59f5befe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 1.8, Page number 1.37 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +lamda=5890*10**-10 // in m +mu=1.5 // unitless +theta=60*%pi/180 //Converting in to degrees + +//Calculation + +t=(lamda)/(2*mu*(cos(theta))) // in m + +//Result +printf("Smallest thickness of plate,t=%0.4e m",t) diff --git a/3753/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3753/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b32535efa --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 1.9, Page number 1.37 + +clc;clear;close + + +//Variable declaration +R=1// unitless +n=5// unitless +lamda=5.895*10**-7 // in m +dn=0.003 // in m + +//Calculation +mu=(4*R*n*lamda)/(dn**2) + +//Result +printf("Refractive index,mu = %0.2f",mu ) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1845d07b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 2.1, Page number 2.33 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +I=1/2 // unitless + +// Calculation +theta1=acos(1/sqrt(2))*(180/%pi) // radian +theta2=acos(-1/sqrt(2))*(180/%pi) // radian +// Result +printf("theta=%.f degrees",theta1) +printf("\ntheta=%.f degrees",theta2) +printf("\n\n The value of theta can be +(or)- 45 degrees and +(or)-135 degrees.") diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9034dad22 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 2.10, Page number 2.35 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +v=1500 // in m/s +t=1.33 // in s + +// Calculation +d=(v*t)/2 // in m + +// Result +printf("The depth of the sea = %.1f m",d) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3cbac64cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example number 2.2, Page number 2.33 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Calculation +ip=atan(1.732)*(180/%pi) // radian + +// Result +printf("ip=%.f degrees",ip) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23791e887 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 2.3, Page number 2.33 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +d=1*10**-3 // in m +lamda=6000*10**-10 // in m +nd=0.01 // difference between the refractive indices(n1 - n2) + +// Calculation +phi=(2*%pi*d*nd)/lamda // radian + +// Result +printf("phi=%.1f radian",phi) +printf("\n\nSince the phase difference should be with in 2pi radius, we get phi=4.169 rad.") diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5915f4a3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 2.4, Page number 2.33 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda=5000*10**-10 // in m +mu_0=1.5533 // unitless +mu_1=1.5442// unitless + +// Calculations +t=lamda/(2*(mu_0 - mu_1)) // in m + +// Result +printf("Thickness,t=%0.2f micro m",(t*10**6)) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad943c26d --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 2.5, Page number 2.34 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda=6000*10**-10 // in m +t=0.003*10**-2 // in m + +// Calculations +delta_mu=lamda/(4*t) // unitless + +// Result +printf("Birefringence of the crystal delta/mu=%0.3f",delta_mu) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dee5aa0ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example number 2.6, Page number 2.34ΒΆ + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +theta=60*(%pi/180) // When the angle of refraction is 30degrees, angle of reflection will be 60degrees + +// Calculation +mu=tan(theta) // unitless + +// Result +printf("Refractive index of medium=%0.3f",mu) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af2e38a7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example number 2.7, Page number 2.34 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +m=1 // unitless +lamda_l=6000*10**-10 // in m +theta=0.046*(%pi/180) // radian +n=2*10**6// unitless + +// Calculation +lamda_s=(m*lamda_l)/(sin(theta)) // in m +v=n*lamda_s // in m/s + +// Result +printf("Ultrasonic wavelength,lamda s =%0.2e m",(lamda_s)) +printf("\nVelocity of ultrasonic waves in liquid = %0.f ms^-1",v) +// Answer varies due to rounding of numbers diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f12011849 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 2.8, Page number 2.35 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +C=1500 // in m +Df=267// unitless +f=2*10**6 +theta=0*%pi/180 // degrees + +// Calculation +V=(C*Df)/(2*f*cos(theta)) // in m/s + +// Result +printf("Velocity of blood flow = %0.4f m-s^-1",V) diff --git a/3753/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3753/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5673711eb --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 2.9, Page number 2.35 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +t=0.7*10**-3 // in s +E=8.8*10**10 // V +rho=2800 // kg/m^3 + +// Calculation +f=(1/(2*t))*sqrt(E/rho) // Fundamental frequency + +// Result +printf("Fundamental frequency,f = %.e Hz",f) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9c0b21a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example number 3.1, Page number 3.32 + +// importing modules +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +V=2265 // m^3 +A=92.9 // Coefficient +x=2 // The absorption become 2*A of open window + +// Calculation +T=(0.16*V)/A // Sabine's formula +T2=(0.16*V)/(x*A) // in s + +// Result +printf("Reverbration time = %0.1f s",T) +printf("\nFinal Reverbration time = %0.2f s",T2) +printf("\nThus the reverbration time is reduced to one-half of its initial value") diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99e2fda8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example number 3.10, Page number 3.35 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +H0=6.5*10**4 // (ampere/metre) +T=4.2 // K +Tc=7.18 // K +r=0.5*10**-3 + +// Calculations +Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2) // unitless +Ic=(2*%pi*r)*Hc // A +A=%pi*r**2 // m^2 +Jc=Ic/A // Critical current density + +// Result +printf("Hc = %0.4e",Hc) +printf("\nCritical current density,Jc = %0.2e ampere/metre^2",Jc) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb34a609c --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 3.11, Page number 6.36 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +Tc1=4.185 // K +M1=199.5// unitless +M2=203.4// unitless + +// Calculations +Tc2=Tc1*(M1/M2)**(1/2) // in K + +// Result +printf("New critical temperature for mercury = %0.3f K",Tc2) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..056b73d6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example number 3.2, Page number 3.32 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +a1=450 // Area of plastered wall +a2=360 // Area of wooden floor and wooden doors +a3=24 // Area of Glass +a4=600 // Area of seats +a5=500 // Area of audience when they are in seats +c1=0.03 // Coefficient of absorption of plastered wall +c2=0.06 // Coefficient of absorption of wooden floor and wooden doors +c3=0.025 // Coefficient of absorption of Glass +c4=0.3 // Coefficient of absorption of seats +c5=0.43 // Coefficient of absorption of audience when they are in seats +l=12 // in m +b=30 // in m +h=6 // in m + +// Calculation +V=l*b*h // volume of the hall +A=(a1*c1)+(a2*c2)+(a3*c3)+(a4*c4)+(a5*c5) // Total absorption +T=(0.16*V)/A // Reverbration time + +// Result +printf("Volume of the hall = %.f m^3",V) +printf("\nTotal absorption = %0.1f m^2",A) +printf("\nReverbration time = %0.1f second",T) +// Answer given for the Reverbration time in the text book is wrong diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbb482907 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 3.3, Page number 3.33 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +T=1.2 // in s +V=7500 // in m^3 + +// Calculation +A=(0.16*V)/T // in m^2 + +// Result +printf("Total absorpttion = %.f m**2 of O.W.U.",A) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5c9d033c --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example number 3.4, Page number 3.34 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +V=12*10**4 // in m^3 +A=13200 // in m^2 +x=2 // The absorption become 2*A of open window + +// Calculation +T1=(0.16*V)/A // Sabine's formula +T2=(0.16*V)/(x*A) // in s +Td=T1-T2 // in s + +// Result +printf("T1 = %0.2f second",T1) +printf("\nT2 = %0.2f second",T2) +printf("\nChange in Reverbration time = %0.3f second",Td) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b8d82ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 3.6, Page number 3.34 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +H0=64*10**3; // initial field(ampere/m) +T=5; // temperature(K) +Tc=7.26; // transition temperature(K) + +// Calculation +H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); // critical field(ampere/m) + +// Result +printf("critical field is : %0.3e ampere/m",H) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4482d379e --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 3.7, Page number 3.34 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19 // eV +V=1*10 // in m^3 +h=6.625*10**-34 + +// Calculations +v=(2*e*V**-3)/h // Hz + +// Result +printf("Frequency of generated microwaves = %.2e Hz",v) diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2823b104a --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example number 3.8, Page number 3.34 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +d=7300 // density in (kg/m**3) +N=6.02*10**26 // Avagadro Number +A=118.7 // Atomic Weight +E=1.9 // Effective mass +e=1.6*10**-19 + +// Calculations +n=(d*N)/A // no. of electrons +m=E*9.1*10**-31 // in kg +x=4*%pi*10**-7*n*e**2 // in kg/m^2 +lamda_L=sqrt(m/x) // in m + +// Result +printf("Number of electrons per unit volume = %0.1e per m^3",n) +printf("\nEffective mass of electron ''m*'' = %0.2e kg",m) +printf("\nPenetration depth = %0.5f Angstroms",(lamda_L*10**8)) +// The answer given in the text book is wrong diff --git a/3753/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3753/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42e6f5261 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 3.9, Page number 3.35 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda_L1=39.6*10**-9 // in m +lamda_L2=173*10**-9 // in m +T1=7.1 // in s +T2=3 // in s + +// Calculations +x=(lamda_L1/lamda_L2)**2 // in kg/m^2 +Tc4=(T1**4)-((T2**4)*x)/(1-x) // in K +Tc=(Tc4)**(1/4) // in K +printf("Tc = %0.4f K",Tc) +printf("\nlamda0 = %.f nm",round((sqrt(1-(T2/Tc)**4)*lamda_L1)*10**9)) diff --git a/3753/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3753/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e6676bdef --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 4.1, Page number 4.32 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +r1 = 2; // in radians +r2 = 3; // in radians +d1 = 4; // Converting from mm to radians +d2 = 6; // Converting from mm to radians + +// calculations +D = (r2-r1)/(d2*10**3-d1*10**3) // Divergence + +// Result +printf("Divergence = %0.1e radian",D) diff --git a/3753/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3753/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b145e6ccc --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 4.2, Page number 4.32 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +C=3*10**8 // The speed of light +Lamda=6943 // Wavelength +T=300 // Temperature in Kelvin +h=6.626*10**-34 // Planck constant +k=1.38*10**-23 // Boltzmann's constant + +// Calculations + +V=(C)/(Lamda*10**-10) // Frequency +R=exp(h*V/(k*T)) // Relative population + +// Result +printf("Frequency (V) = %0.2e Hz",V) +printf("\nRelative Population = %.3e",R) diff --git a/3753/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3753/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39f301bb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 4.3, Page number 4.32 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +C=3*10**8 // Velocity of light m/s +W=632.8*10**-9 // wavelength in m +P=2.3 +t=1 +h=6.626*10**-34 // Planck constant +S=1*10**-6 + +// Calculations +V=C/W // Frequency +n=((P*10**-3)*t)/(h*V) // no.of photons emitted +PD=P*10**-3/S // Power density + +// Result +printf("Frequency = %0.2e Hz",V) +printf("\nno.of photons emitted = %0.2e photons/sec",n) +printf("\nPower density = %0.1f kWm^-2",(PD/1000)) diff --git a/3753/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3753/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f88698ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 4.4, Page number 4.33 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +h=6.626*10**-34 // Planck constant +C=3*10**8 // Velocity of light +E_g=1.44 // bandgap + +// calculations +lamda=(h*C)*10**10/(E_g*1.6*10**-19) // Wavelenght + +// Result +printf("Wavelength = %.f Angstrom",(lamda)) diff --git a/3753/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3753/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9833acdf --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 4.5, Page number 4.33 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +W=1.55 // wavelength + +// Calculations +E_g=(1.24)/W // Bandgap in eV + +// Result +printf("Band gap = %0.1f eV",E_g) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bb23718f --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.1, Page number 5.28 + +clc;clear;close + +//variable declaration +n1=1.50 //Core refractive index +n2=1.47 //Cladding refractive index + +//Calculations +C_a=asin(n2/n1) //Critical angle +N_a=(n1**2-n2**2)**(1/2) // Numerical Aperture +A_a=asin(N_a) // degree + +//Results +printf("The Critical angle = %0.1f degrees",(C_a*180/%pi)) +printf("\nThe numerical aperture = %0.2f",N_a) +printf("\nThe acceptance angle = %0.1f degress",(A_a*180/%pi)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10e637860 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.10, Page number 5.30 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +n1=1.53 //unitless +delta=0.0196//unitless + +// Calculations +N_a=n1*(2*delta)**(1/2) // numerical aperture +A_a=asin(N_a)//degree +// Result +printf("Numerical aperture = %.3f",N_a) +printf("\nAcceptance angle = %.2f degrees",(A_a*180/%pi)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59409b312 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.11, Page number 5.30 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +n1=1.480 //unitless +n2=1.465 //unitless +V=2.405 //unitless +lamda=850*10**-9 // in m + +// Calculations +delta=(n1**2-n2**2)/(2*n1**2) //unitless +a=(V*lamda*10**-9)/(2*%pi*n1*sqrt(2*delta)) // in m + +// Results +printf("delta = %.2f",(delta)) +printf("\nCore radius,a = %.2f micro-m",(a*10**15)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43703e00f --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 5.12, Page number 5.31 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +n1=1.5 //unitless +n2=1.49//unitless +a=25 // in m + +// Calculations +C_a=asin(n2/n1) // Critical angle +L=2*a*tan(C_a) // in m +N_r=10**6/L // reflections/m + +// Result +printf("Critical angle = %.2f degrees",(C_a*180/%pi)) +printf("\nFiber length covered in one reflection = %.2f micro-m",(L)) +printf("\nTotal no.of reflections per meter = %.f",(N_r)) +printf("\nSince L=1m, Total dist. travelled by light over one metre of fiber = %.4f m",(1/sin(C_a))) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53ee26a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.13, Page number 5.31 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +alpha=1.85//unitless +lamda=1.3*10**-6 // in m +a=25*10**-6 // in m +N_a=0.21 // numerical aperture + +// Calculations +V_n=((2*%pi**2)*a**2*N_a**2)/lamda**2 // V number +N_m=(alpha/(alpha+2))*V_n //unitless + +printf("No.of modes = %.2f =155(approx)",N_m) +printf("\nTaking the two possible polarizations, Total No.of nodes = %.2f",(N_m*2)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9cf1347f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.14, Page number 5.32 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +P_i=100 // input +P_o=2 // output +L=10 // in km + +// Calculations +S=(10/L)*log(P_i/P_o) // dB/km +O=S*L // dB + +// Result +printf("a)Signal attention per unit length = %.1f dB-km^-1",S) +printf("\nb)Overall signal attenuation = %.f dB",O) +// Answer given in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e4a8dfb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 5.15, Page number 5.32 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +L=10 // in km +n1=1.55 //unitless +delta=0.026//unitless +C=3*10**5 + +// Calculations +delta_T=(L*n1*delta)/C //unitless +B_W=10/(2*delta_T) // Hz/km + +// Result +printf("Total dispersion = %.1f ns",(delta_T/10**-9)) +printf("\nBandwidth length product = %.2f Hz-km",(B_W/10**5)) + +// Answer given in the text book is wrong" diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..129fe58a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.2, Page number 5.28 + +clc;clear;close + +//variable declaration +d=50 //diameter +N_a=0.2 //Numerical aperture +lamda=1 //wavelength + +//Calculations +N=4.9*(((d*10**-6*N_a)/(lamda*10**-6))**2)// unitless + +//Result +printf("N = %.f ",N) +printf("\nFiber can support: %d guided modes",N) +printf("\nIn graded index fiber, No.of modes propagated inside the fiber = %.f only",(N/2)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..213df0c1d --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.3, Page number 5.29 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +d=50 // diameter +n1=1.450// unitless +n2=1.447// unitless +lamda=1 // wavelength + +// Calculations +N_a=(n1**2-n2**2) // Numerical aperture +N=4.9*(((d*10**-6*N_a)/(lamda*10**-6))**2)// Numerical aperture + +// Results +printf("Numerical aperture = %.5f",N_a) +printf("\nNo. of modes that can be propogated = %.f",N) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7aaa1a42 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.4, Page number 5.29 + + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +delta=0.05 //unitless +n1=1.46//unitless + +// Calculation +N_a=n1*(2*delta)**(1/2) // Numerical aperture + +// Result +printf("Numerical aperture = %.2f",N_a) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..084842ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 5.5, Page number 5.29 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +a=50 //unitless +n1=1.53 //unitless +n2=1.50 //unitless +lamda=1 // wavelength + +// Calculations +N_a=(n1**2-n2**2) // Numerical aperture +V=((2*%pi*a)/lamda)*N_a**(1/2) // V number + +// Result +printf("V number = %.2f",V) +printf("\nmaximum no.of modes propagating through fiber = %.f",V) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0c906ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.6, Page number 5.29 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +a=100//unitless +N_a=0.3 // Numerical aperture +lamda=850 // wavelength + +// Calculations +V_n=(2*(%pi)**2*a**2*10**-12*N_a**2)/lamda**2*10**-18 // number of modes +// Result +printf("Number of modes = %d modes",round(V_n/10**-36)) +printf("\nNo.of modes is doubled to account for the two possible polarisations") +printf("\nTotal No.of modes = %d",round(V_n/10**-36)*2) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5566aeb17 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.7, Page number 5.29 + +clc;clear;close +// variable declaration +a=5;//unitless +n1=1.48;//unitless +delta=0.01;//unitless +V=25;// V number + +// Calculation +lamda=(%pi*(a*10**-6)*n1*sqrt(2*delta))/V // Cutoff Wavelength + +// Result +printf("Cutoff Wavellength = %.3f micro-m",(lamda*10**7)) diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bab31cff6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.8, Page number 5.30 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +V=2.405//unitless +lamda=1.3 // in m +N_a=0.05//unitless + +// Calculations +a_max=(V*lamda)/(2*%pi*N_a) // in m + +// Result +printf("Maximum core radius = %.2f micro-m",(a_max)) + diff --git a/3753/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3753/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e49074771 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.9, Page number 5.30 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +N_a=0.3 // numerical aperture +Gamma=45 // coefficient + +// Calculations +theta_a=asin(N_a) // degree +theta_as=asin((N_a)/cos(Gamma)) // degree + +// Results +printf("Acceptance angle, theta_a = %.2f degrees",(theta_a*180/%pi)) +printf("\nFor skew rays,theta_as = %.2f degrees",(theta_as*180/%pi)) +// Answer given in the textbook is wrong diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af0634043 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 6.1, Page number 6.46 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +El=10**-2*50; // energy loss(J) +H=El*60; // heat produced(J) +d=7.7*10**3; // iron rod(kg/m**3) +s=0.462*10**-3; // specific heat(J/kg K) + +// Calculation +theta=H/(d*s); // temperature rise(K) + +// Result +printf("temperature rise is %.2f K",(theta)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69eb863f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 6.10, Page number 6.50 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +n=4 // unitless +M=58.5 // Molecular wt. of NaCl +N=6.02*10^26 // Avagadro number +rho=2180 // density + +// Calculations +a=((n*M)/(N*rho))^(1/3) // in m +s=a/2 // in m + +// Result +printf("a= %.3e m",a) +printf("\nspacing between the nearest neighbouring ions = %.4f nm",(s/10^-9)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff3205109 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 6.11, Page number 6.51 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +n=4 // unitless +A=63.55 // Atomic wt. of NaCl +N=6.02*10^26 // Avagadro number +rho=8930 // density + +// Calculations +a=((n*A)/(N*rho))^(1/3) // Lattice Constant + +// Result +printf("lattice constant, a = %.2f nm",(a*10^9)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e23f7183 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 6.12, Page number 6.51 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +r=0.123 // Atomic radius +n=4 +A=55.8 // Atomic wt +a=2*sqrt(2) +N=6.02*10**26 // Avagadro number + +// Calculations +rho=(n*A)/((a*r*10**-9)**3*N) // kg/m^3 + +// Result +printf("Density of iron = %.f kg/m^-3",rho) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30d26fc6e --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example number 6.2, Page number 6.46 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +e=1.6*10**-19; // charge(coulomb) +new=6.8*10**15; // frequency(revolutions per second) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7; // coefficient +R=5.1*10**-11; // radius(m) + +// Calculation +i=(e*new); // current(ampere) +B=mew0*i/(2*R); // magnetic field at the centre(weber/m**2) +A=%pi*R**2; // in m^2 +d=i*A; // dipole moment(ampere/m**2) + +// Result +printf("magnetic field at the centre is : %.f weber/m**2",B) +printf("\ndipole moment is : %.e Ampere/m**2",(d)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..550e966c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 6.3, Page number 6.46 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +chi=0.5*10**-5; // magnetic susceptibility +H=10**6; // field strength(ampere/m) +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7; // coefficient + +// Calculation +I=chi*H; // intensity of magnetisation(ampere/m) +B=mew0*(I+H); // flux density in material(weber/m**2) + +// Result +printf("intensity of magnetisation is : %.f Ampere/m",I) +printf("\nflux density in material is : %.3f weber/m^2",B) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c15b44a49 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 6.4, Page number 6.47 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +B=9.27*10**-24; // bohr magneton(ampere m**2) +a=2.86*10**-10; // edge(m) +Is=1.76*10**6; // saturation value of magnetisation(ampere/m) + +// Calculation +N=2/a**3; +mew_bar=Is/N; // number of Bohr magnetons(ampere m**2) +mew_bar=mew_bar/B; // number of Bohr magnetons(bohr magneon/atom) + +// Result +printf("number of Bohr magnetons is : %.2f"+" bohr magneon/atom",(mew_bar)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a10d3b23 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 6.5, Page number 6.47 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +mew0=4*%pi*10**-7; // coefficient +H=9.27*10**-24; // bohr magneton(ampere m**2) +Beta=10**6; // field(ampere/m) +k=1.38*10**-23; // boltzmann constant +T=303; // temperature(K) + +// Calculation +mm=mew0*H*Beta/(k*T); // average magnetic moment(bohr magneton/spin) + +// Result +printf("average magnetic moment is: %.2e bohr magneton/spin",(mm)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b19cbb81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example number 6.6, Page number 6.48 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +A=94; // area(m**2) +vy=0.1; // value of length(weber/m**2) +vx=20; // value of unit length +n=50; // number of magnetization cycles +d=7650; // density(kg/m**3) + +// Calculation +h=A*vy*vx; // hysteresis loss per cycle(J/m**3) +hs=h*n; // hysteresis loss per second(watt/m**3) +pl=hs/d; // power loss(watt/kg) + +// Result +printf("hysteresis loss per cycle is : %.f J/m^3",h) +printf("\nhysteresis loss per second is: %.f watt/m**3",hs) +printf("\npower loss is : %.2f watt/kg",(pl)) diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ec68311e --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example number 6.7, Page number 6.48 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +d=2.351 // bond length +N=6.02*10^26 // Avagadro number +n=8 // number of atoms in unit cell +A=28.09 // Atomin mass of silicon +m=6.02*10^26 // 1mole + +// Calculations +a=(4*d)/sqrt(3) // in m +p=(n*A)/((a*10^-10)*m) // density + +// Result +printf("a=%.2f Angstorm",(a)) +printf("\ndensity = %.2f kg/m^3",(p*10^16)) +// Answer given in the textbook is wrong" diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ec548571 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example number 6.8, Page number 6.48 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +r=poly([0],'r') + +// Calculation +a1=4*r/sqrt(3); // in m +R1=(a1/2)-r; // radius of largest sphere +a2=4*r/sqrt(2); //in m +R2=(a2/2)-r; // maximum radius of sphere + + +// Result +disp(R1,"radius of largest sphere is") +disp(R2,"maximum radius of sphere is") diff --git a/3753/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3753/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe957d3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example number 6.9, Page number 6.49 + +clc;clear;close + +// variable declaration +r1=1.258 // Atomic radius of BCC +r2=1.292 // Atomic radius of FCC + +// calculations +a1=(4*r1)/sqrt(3) // in BCC +b1=((a1)^3)*10^-30 // Unit cell volume +v1=(b1)/2 // Volume occupied by one atom +a2=2*sqrt(2)*r2 // in FCC +b2=(a2)^3*10^-30 // Unit cell volume +v2=(b2)/4 // Volume occupied by one atom +v_c=((v1)-(v2))*100/(v1) // Volume Change in % +d_c=((v1)-(v2))*100/(v2) // Density Change in % + +// Results +printf("a1=%.3f Angstrom" ,(a1)) +printf("\nUnit cell volume = a1^3 = %.3e m^3",b1) +printf("\nVolume occupied by one atom = %.2e m^3",v1) +printf("\na2 = %.3f Angstrom",a2) +printf("\nUnit cell volume =a2^3 = %.3e m^3",b2) +printf("\nVolume occupied by one atom = %.2e m^3",v2) +printf("\nVolume Change in %% = %.3f",v_c) +printf("\nDensity Change in %% = %.2f",d_c) +printf("\nThus the increase of density or the decrease of volume is about 0.5%%") diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..586133e73 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +//Example number 7.1, Page number 7.12 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +R=poly([0],'R') +a=2*R // // unitless + +// Results +disp(1/a^2,"i)Number of atoms per unit area of (100)plane=") +disp(1/sqrt(2)*a^2,"ii)Number of atoms per unit area of (110)plane=") +disp(1/sqrt(3)*a^2,"iii)Number of atoms per unit area of (111)plane=") diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4a614a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 7.10, Page number 7.17 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda=0.58 // in m +theta=9.5*%pi/180 // in radian +n=1 // unitless +d=0.5 // d200=a/sqrt(2^2+0^2+0^2)=0.5a +// Calculations +a=n*lamda/(2*d*sin(theta)) // 2*d*sin(theta)=n*lamda + +// Result +printf("a = %.2f Angstorms",a) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88fe7d291 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example number 7.11, Page number 7.17 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda=0.842 // in m +n1=1 // unitless +q=(8+(35/60))*(%pi/180) // unitless +n2=3 // unitless +d=1 // in m +// Calculations +// n*lamda=2*d*sin(theta) +// n1*0.842=2*d*sin(q) +// n3*0.842=2*d*sin(theta3) +// Dividing both the eauations, we get +// (n2*lamda)/(n1*lamda)=2*d*sin(theta3)/2*d*sin(q) +theta3=asin((((n2*lamda)/(n1*lamda))*(2*d*sin(q)))/(2*d)) // radian +d=theta3*180/%pi; // in m +a_d=int32(d); // // unitless +a_m=(d-int(d))*60 // // unitless + +// Result +printf("sin(theta3) = %.f or %.3f ",a_d,a_m) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f1817e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example number 7.12, Page number 7.18 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +a=3.16 // in m +lamda=1.54 // in m +n=1// unitless +theta=20.3*%pi/180 // radian + +// Calculations +d=(n*lamda)/(2*sin(theta)) // in m +x=a/d // let sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)=x + +// Result +printf("d = %.2f Angstrom",d) +printf("\nsqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2) = %.3f ",x) +printf("\nTherefore, h^2+k^2+l^2 =sqrt(2)") +printf("\nh =1, k=1") diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d207ad682 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example number 7.13, Page number 7.18 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +n=4// unitless +A=107.87 // in m +rho=10500 // kg/m^3 +N=6.02*10^26// unitless +h=1;// in m +k=1;// in m +l=1;// in m +H=6.625*10^-34 // planks constant +e=1.6*10^-19 // Charge +theta=(19+(12/60))*%pi/180 // radian +C=3*10^8 // in m/s +// Calculations +a=((n*A)/(rho*N))^(1/3)*10^10 // in m +d=a/sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2) // in m +lamda=2*d*sin(theta)// in m +E=(H*C)/(lamda*10^-10*e) // eV + +// Result +printf("a = %.2f Angstroms",a) +printf("\nd = %.2f Angstroms",d) +printf("\nlamda = %.3f Angstroms",lamda) +printf("\nE = %.e eV",E) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..643902258 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example number 7.14, Page number 7.19 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +a=4.57 // in m +h=1// in m +k=1// in m +l=1// in m +lamda=1.52 //in m +twotheta=33.5*%pi/180// radian +r=5 // radius +// Calculations +d=a/(h^2+k^2+l^2)^(1/2)// in m +sintheta=lamda/(2*d)// // unitless +X=r/tan(twotheta)// in cm + +// Result +printf("d = %.2f Angstorms",d) +printf("\nsin(theta) = %.3f",sintheta) +printf("\nX = %.3f cm",X) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bedf3136 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example number 7.2, Page number 7.13 + +clc;clear;close + + +// Variable declaration +a=3.61*10^-7 // in m +BC=sqrt(2)/2 //in m +AD=(sqrt(6))/2// in m +// Result +printf("i)Surface area of the face ABCD = %.e mm^2",(a^2)) +printf("\nii)Surface area of plane (110) = %.2e atoms/mm^2",((2/(a*sqrt(2)*a)))) +printf("\niii)Surface area of plane(111)= %.3e atoms/mm^2",(2/(BC*AD*a^2))) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..394e6fe1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example number 7.3, Page number 7.14 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration + +//dimensions in m +h1=1 +k1=0 +l1=0 +h2=1 +k2=1 +l2=0 +h3=1 +k3=1 +l3=1 +a=1 // in m + +// Calculations +d1=a/(sqrt(h1^2+k1^2+l1^2)) // in m +d2=a/(sqrt(h2^2+k2^2+l2^2)) // in m +d3=a/(sqrt(h3^2+k3^2+l3^2)) // in m + +// Result +printf("d1 = %.1f m",d1) +printf("\nd2 = %.3f m",d2) +printf("\nd3 = %.3f m",d3) +printf("\n ratio d1:d2:d3 = %.f:%0.3f:%.3f",d1,d2,d3) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eeb371fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example number 7.4, Page number 7.15 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +h=2 // in m +k=2// in m +l=0// in m +a=450 // in m + +// Calculations +d=a/(sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2)) // in m + +// Result +printf("d(220) = %.1f pm",d) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39d00088b --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example number 7.5, Page number 7.15 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +a=3.615 // in m +r=1.278// in m +h=1// in m +k=1// in m +l=1// in m + +// Calculations +a=(4*r)/sqrt(2)// in m +d=a/(sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2))// in m + +// Result +printf("a = %.3f Angstroms",a) +printf("\nd = %.3f Angstroms",d) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb0f02f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example number 7.7, Page number 7.15 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +n=1 // unitless +lamda=1.54// in m +theta=32*%pi/180 // radian +h=2// in m +k=2// in m +l=0// in m + +// Calculations +d=(n*lamda*10^-10)/(2*sin(theta)) // derived from 2dsin(theta)=n*l +a=d*(sqrt(h^2+k^2+l^2))//in m + +// Results +printf("d = %.2e m",d) +printf("\na = %.1e m",a) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07df76638 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example number 7.8, Page number 7.16 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +lamda=0.58 // in m +theta1=6.45*%pi/180 // in radian +theta2=9.15*%pi/180 // in radian +theta3=13*%pi/180 // in radian + +// Calculations +dbyn1=lamda/(2*(sin(theta1))) // in Angstrom +dbyn2=lamda/(2*sin(theta2))// in Angstrom +dbyn3=lamda/(2*sin(theta3))// in Angstrom + +// Results +printf("i. d/n = %.3f Angstroms ",dbyn1) +printf("\nii. d/n = %.3f Angstroms",(dbyn2)) +printf("\niii.d/n = %.3f Angstroms",(dbyn3)) diff --git a/3753/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3753/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5bd39fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example number 7.9, Page number 7.16 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +d=1.18 // in m +theta=90*%pi/180 // in radian +lamda=1.540 // in m + +// Calculations +n=(2*d*sin(theta))/lamda // unitless + +// Result +printf("n = %0.2f",n) diff --git a/3753/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3753/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..634082050 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example number 8.1, Page number 8.16 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +N=6.023*10**26 // unitless +deltaHv=120 //unitless +B=1.38*10**-23 //unitless +k=6.023*10**23//unitless + +// Calculations +n0=0 // 0 in denominator +n300=N*exp(-deltaHv*10**3/(k*B*300)) // The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper +n900=N*exp(-(deltaHv*10**3)/(k*B*900)) // The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper + +// Results +printf("at 0K, The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper is : %.f",n0) +printf("\nat 300K, The number of vacancies per kilomole of copper is : %.3e",(n300)) +printf("\nat 900K, The numbber of vacancies per kilomole of copper is : %.3e",(n900)) diff --git a/3753/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3753/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6aa3e0c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example number 8.2, Page number 8.17 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +F_500=1*10**-10 //unitless +k=poly([0],'k') +T1=500+273 // in K +T2=1000+273 // in K + + +// Calculations +lnx=log(F_500)*T1/T2; // vacancies +x=exp(lnx) //Fraction of vacancies + +printf("Fraction of vacancies at 1000 degrees C = %.1e",x) diff --git a/3753/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3753/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17e4743d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example number 8.3, Page number 8.17 + + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +a=(2*2.82*10^-10) // in m +delta_Hs=1.971*1.6*10^-19 // unitless +k=1.38*10^-23 // Constant +T=300 // in K + +// Calculations +V=a^3 // Volume of unit cell of NaCl +N=4/V // Total number of ion pairs +n=N*exp(-delta_Hs/(2*k*T)) //concentration in per m^3 + +// Result +printf("Volume of unit cell of NaCl = %.3e m^3",V) +printf("\nTotal number of ion pairs ''N'' = %.2e",N) +printf("\nThe concentration of Schottky defects per m^3 at 300K = %.2e",n) diff --git a/3753/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3753/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..138e9e293 --- /dev/null +++ b/3753/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example number 8.4, Page number 8.18 + +clc;clear;close + +// Variable declaration +N=6.023*10^23 // constant +delta_Hv=1.6*10^-19 //unitless +k=1.38*10^-23 //constant +T=500 // in K +mv=5.55; // molar volume +x=2*10^-8; // numbber of cm in 1 angstrom + +// Calculations +n=N*exp(-delta_Hv/(k*T))/mv // in per cm^3 +a=(n/(5*10^7*10^6))*x; // in cm + +// Result +printf("The number that must be created on heating from 0 to 500K is n = %.2e per cm^3",n) // into cm^3 +printf("\nAs one step is 2 Angstorms, 5*10^7 vacancies are required for 1cm") +printf("\nThe amount of climb down by the dislocation is : %.4f cm",a*10^8) |