diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3745/CH1')
75 files changed, 1901 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..416fdfe6f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Ex 10 Page 350 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +V=400;//V +f=50;//Hz +n=3;//no of phase +R=100;//ohm + +//Star connection +Vph=V/sqrt(n);//V +Iph=Vph/R;//A +IL=Iph;//A +cos_fi=1;// for only resitor load +P=sqrt(3)*V*IL*cos_fi/1000;//kW +printf("Star Connection : P=%.1f kW",P) +//Delta Connection + +Vph=V;//V +Iph=Vph/R;//A +IL=sqrt(3)*Iph;//A +VL=Vph;//V +P=sqrt(3)*VL*IL*cos_fi/1000;//kW +printf("\n Delta Connection : P=%.1f kW",P) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..afea840c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +// Ex 11 Page 351 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Rab=6;Rbc=8;Rca=4;//ohm +Vab=100*expm(%i*0);//V +Vbc=100*expm(%i*-120*%pi/180);//V +Vca=100*expm(%i*120*%pi/180);//V +Zab=6+%i*8;//ohm +Zbc=8+%i*6;//ohm +Zca=4-%i*3;//ohm + +//Phase current +Iab=Vab/Zab;//A +Ibc=Vbc/Zbc;//A +Ica=Vca/Zca;//A +printf("Phase Current:") +[r,t]=polar(Iab) +printf("\n Iab=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ibc) +printf("\n Ibc=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ica) +printf("\n Ica=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +//Line current +Iaa=Iab-Ica;//A +Ibb=Ibc-Iab;//A +Icc=Ica-Ibc;//A +printf("\n\n Line Current:") +[r,t]=polar(Iaa) +printf("\n Iaa=%.1f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ibb) +printf("\n Ibb=%.2f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Icc) +printf("\n Icc=%.2f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +//Power Consumed +Wab=abs(Iab)^2*Rab;//W +Wbc=abs(Ibc)^2*Rbc;//W +Wca=abs(Ica)^2*Rca;//W +W=Wab+Wbc+Wca;//W +W=W/1000;//kW +printf("\n\n Total Power, W=%.f kW",W) +//Answer wrong for line current in the textbook. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bdeee200 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Ex 12 Page 353 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +VRY=200*expm(%i*0);//V +VYB=200*expm(%i*-120*%pi/180);//V +VBR=200*expm(%i*120*%pi/180);//V + + +ZA=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm +ZB=10*expm(%i*0*%pi/180);//ohm +ZC=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm + +//Phase current +IRY=VRY/ZA;//A +IYB=VYB/ZB;//A +IBR=VBR/ZC;//A + +IR=IRY-IBR;//A +PVA=conj(VRY)*IR;//W +printf("Wattmeter W1 reading=%.f W",real(PVA)) +IB=IBR-IYB;//A +PVB=conj(-VYB)*IB;//W +printf("\n Wattmeter W2 reading=%.f W or %.f kW",real(PVB),real(PVB)/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cbb9eaef --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Ex 13 Page 354 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//v=250*sin(omega*t)+50*sin(3*omega*t+%pi/3)+20*sin(5*omega*t+5*%pi/6) +V1=250;V3=50;V5=20;//V +fi1=0;fi3=60;fi5=150;//degree +R=20;//omh +L=0.05;//H +omega=314;//rad/s + +X1=omega*L;//ohm +Z1=R+%i*X1;//ohm +X3=3*omega*L;//ohm +Z3=R+%i*X3;//ohm +X5=5*omega*L;//ohm +Z5=R+%i*X5;//ohm +[r1,t1]=polar(Z1); +[r3,t3]=polar(Z3); +[r5,t5]=polar(Z5); +printf("expression for current:") +printf("\n i = %.2f*sin(omega*t-%.1f)+%.1f*sin(3*omega*t%.1f)+%.2f*sin(5*omega*t-%.1f)",V1/r1,fi1-t1*180/%pi,V3/r3,fi3-t3*180/%pi,V5/r5,fi5-t5*180/%pi) + +I1m=V1/r1;//A +I3m=V3/r3;//A +I5m=V5/r5;//A +Irms=sqrt(I1m^2/2+I3m^2/2+I5m^2/2);//A +Vrms=sqrt(V1^2/2+V3^2/2+V5^2/2);//A +printf("\n Irms=%.f A\n Vrms=%.f V",Irms,Vrms) +P=Irms^2*R;//W +printf("\n Total Power, P=%.f W",P) +cosfi=P/Vrms/Irms;//Power factor +printf("\n Power factor = %.2f",cosfi) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..154a29ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 14 Page 355 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +f=50;//Hz +Vm=400;//V +R=10;//ohm +L=0.1;//H +t=0.02;//sec +XL=2*%pi*f*L;//ohm +Z=R+%i*XL;//ohm +Im=Vm/abs(Z);//A +fi=atan(XL/R);//degree +lambda=L/R;//sec +printf("expression for current:") +printf("\n i = %.1f*sin(314*t-%.3f)+0.95*e**(-100*t)",Im,fi) +i = Im*sin(314*t-fi)+0.95*%e**(-100*t);//A +printf("\n current after 0.02 sec is : %0.1f A",i) +i2=Im*(0.95*%e**(-100*t));//A +printf("\n transient component is : %0.2f A",i2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bcd3e0f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.15/Ex1_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Ex 15 Page 356 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +C=5*10**-6;//F +L=2;//H +R=200;//ohm + +if R<2*sqrt(L/C) then + printf("Since R<2sqrt(L/C), the circuit is originally oscillatory.") +end + +a=R/2/L +omega = sqrt(1/L/C-R^2/4/L^2);//rad/s +//i=Im*%e**(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +//at t=0 sec +i0=0;//A +vc=10;//V +fi=asin(i0);//degree +//L*di/dt=vc at t=0 +Im=poly([0],'Im') +function i=current(t) + i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +endfunction +//i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +LdiBYdt=L*numderivative(current,0) +temp = coeff(LdiBYdt) +Im=vc/temp(2) +printf("\n Expression for current :\n i = %.3f*exp(-%dt)*sin(%.1ft)",Im,a,omega) +Rn=2*sqrt(L/C);//ohm +Rad=Rn-R;//ohm +printf("\n\n Additional resistance required = %d ohm",Rad) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49819d20b --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 16 Page 357 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//i=0.5+0.3*sin(omega*t)-0.2*sin(2*omega*t) +I0=0.5;I1m=0.3;I2m=-0.2;//from above expression +Iav=I0;//A +R=1000;//ohm +L=1/1000;//H + +Irms=sqrt(I0**2+(I1m/sqrt(2)**2+(I2m/sqrt(2)**2)));//A +printf("Reading of hot wire instrument = %.3f A",Irms) +VR=Irms*R;//V +printf("\n Reading of electrostatic voltmeter across 1000 ohm = %d V",VR) +//vl_dash=L*di/dt=300*cos(w*t)-400*cos(2*w*t) +vl1=300;vl2=4;//V +vl=sqrt((300/sqrt(2))**2+(400/sqrt(2))**2) +printf("\n Reading of electrostatic voltmeter across 1 mH inductor = %d V",vl) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4348ce692 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Ex 17 Page 358 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R=80;//ohm +V=2;//V +l=50;//cm +vd=.1;//V +emf=1.43;//V +Rc=850;//ohm +sg=17.5;//mm/uA +df=1;//mm + + +I=R/V;//A +Rw=vd/I;//ohm (Resistance of side wire) +Id=df/sg*10**-6;//A (current for 1mm deflection) +el=1/sg*Rc;//uV +printf("The limit of error = %.1f uV",el) +Rw1=0.2/l*Rw;//ohm (for 2cm slide wire) +dV=I*Rw1*1000;//mV (Change in voltage from null point) +r1=emf/I;//ohm (tapped portion) +r2=r1*22.8/R;//ohm +Ig=dV/1000/(Rc+r2);//A +d=dV/1000/(Rc+r2)/Id;//mm +printf("\n Deflection = %.1f mm",d) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68dbcf0b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Ex 18 Page 359 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R=50;//ohm +Vrms=100;//V +Rd1=50;//ohm +Rd2=100;//ohm + +Vm=Vrms/sqrt(2);//V +//v=Vm*sin(theta) +Rf=R+Rd1;//ohm +Rb=R+Rd2;//ohm +//i_f=v/Rf;//A +//i_b=v/Rb;//A +Irms=1/2/%pi*(integrate('(sqrt(2)*sin(theta))**2','theta',0,%pi)+integrate('(sqrt(2)/3*sin(theta))**2','theta',%pi,2*%pi)) +Iav=1/2/%pi*(integrate('sqrt(2)*sin(theta)','theta',0,%pi)+integrate('sqrt(2)/3*sin(theta)','theta',%pi,2*%pi)) +printf("reading of hot wire ammeter = %.2f A",Irms) +printf("\n reading of moving coil ammeter = %.2f A",Iav) +P=1/2*(Vrms**2/Rf+Vrms**2/Rb);//W +printf("\n\n Power taken from the mains = %.1f W",P) +Pc=Irms**2*R;//W +Pd=P-Pc;//W +printf("\n Power dissipated in rectifying device = %d W",Pd) +//Answer wrong in the textbook. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7cfdd39ea --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Ex 19 Page 361 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +d=1/100;//m +S=-1/100;//m +Ve=2;//kV +theta=30;//degree +e=1.6*10**-19;//C +m=9.67*10**-31;//kg + +u=sqrt(2*e*Ve*1000/m);//m/s +uy=u*sind(theta);//m/s +vy=0;//since final velocity =0 +//vy**2-uy**2=2*ay*S +ay=(vy**2-uy**2)/2/S;//m**2/s +//ay=e/m*V/d +V=ay*m*d/e;//V +printf("Required potential difference = %.f V",V) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35fd3d8b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +// Ex 2 Page 340 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +t1=2; // mm +t2=5; // mm +t3=7; // mm +eps1=3;// dielectric constant +eps2=4;// dielectric constant +eps3=6; // dielectric constant +eps0=1/36/%pi*10^-9; // dielectric constant +d=10/100 ;// m +V=1500 // V +//E1*t1+E2*t2+E3*t3=V +//Voltage Gradients : +// using eps1*E1=eps2*E2=eps3*E3 +E1=V/(t1+(eps1/eps2)*t2+(eps1/eps3)*t3)// V/mm +E1=E1*10 // V/cm +E2=eps1*E1/eps2 // V/cm +E3=eps1*E1/eps3 // V/cm +printf("Voltage Gradients :\n for A : %.f V/cm\n for B : %.f V/cm\n for C : %.f V/cm",E1,E2,E3) + +A = %pi*d^2 +W1=1/2*eps0*eps1*E1^2*10^4*A*t1*10^-3; // J +W2=1/2*eps0*eps2*E2^2*10^4*A*t2*10^-3; // J +W3=1/2*eps0*eps3*E3^2*10^4*A*t3*10^-3; // J +W1=W1*10^6 ; // uJ +W2=W2*10^6 ; // uJ +W3=W3*10^6 ; // uJ +printf("\nEnergy stored :\n for A : %.1f uJ\n for B : %.1f uJ\n for C : %.1f uJ",W1,W2,W3) + + +// Answer in the textbook are not accurate diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac442616d --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.20/Ex1_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Ex 20 Page 361 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//Ia=0.0004*(Va+40*Vg)**(3/2);// mA --eqn(1) +Va=250;//V +Vg=-3;//V +//mu=delVa/delVg +//differentiation wrt Vg eqn(1) +//(4*10**-6*3/2*(Va+40*Vg))**(1/2)*(mu+40)=0 +mu=-40;//constant +printf("Amplification factor, mu = %.f",mu) +//differentiation wrt Va eqn(1) +//delIa/delVa=(4*10**-6*3/2*(Va+40*Vg))**(1/2)*(0+40) +gm=(4*10**-6*3/2)*(Va+40*Vg)**(1/2)*(0+40)*1000;// mA/V or S +printf("\n Mutual conductance, gm = %.2f S",gm) +//differentiation wrt Ia eqn(1) keeping Vg constant +//1=(4*10**-6)*3/2*(Va+40*Vg)**(1/2)*(delVa/delIa+0) +//ra=delVa/delIa +ra=1/((4*10**-6)*3/2*(Va+40*Vg)**(1/2)) +printf("\n Plate resistance, ra = %.1f kohm",ra/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1f3043e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.21/Ex1_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Ex 21 Page 363 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +fc=25*10**6;//Hz +fm=400;//Hz +Vm=4;//V +del=10*10**3;//Hz +wc=2*%pi*fc;//rad/s +wm=2*%pi*fm;//rad/s +m=del/fm;//modulation index +mf=m;mp=m;//modulation index +printf("General equation of FM wave is:") +printf("\n v=%d*sin(%.2e*t+%d*sin(%d*t)",Vm,wc,mf,wm) +printf("\n\n General equation of PM wave is:") +printf("\n v=%d*sin(%.2e*t+%d*sin(%d*t)",Vm,wc,mp,wm) +// Changing modulating frequency +fm_new=2*10**3;//Hz +a=fm_new/fm;//increase in angular frequency +printf("\n\n Now equation of FM wave is:") +printf("\n v=%d*sin(%.2e*t+%d*sin(%d*t)",Vm,wc,mf,a*wm) +printf("\n\n Now equation of PM wave is:") +printf("\n v=%d*sin(%.2e*t+%d*sin(%d*t)",Vm,wc,mp,a*wm) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..738a6a280 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.22/Ex1_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 22 Page 363 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Ebb=300;//V +Ibb=20;//A +Emm=150;//V +Po=4.5*10**3;//W + +m=Emm/Ebb;//modulation index +Pbb=Ebb*Ibb +eta=Po/Pbb*100;//% +P=Po*(1+m**2/2);//W +Pdo=Pbb-Po;//W +Pd=Pdo*(1+m**2/2);//W +printf("modulation index = %.1f",m) +printf("\n carrier power under modulated condition = %0.2f kW",P/1000) +printf("\n plate circuit efficiency = %.f percent",eta) +printf("\n plate dissipation under unmodulated condition = %.1f kW",Pdo/1000) +printf("\n plate dissipation under modulated condition = %.2f kW",Pd/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3d99adff --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.23/Ex1_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Ex 23 Page 364 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Zo=50;//ohm +VSWR=2;//ratio +//lm=0.2*lamda +lmBYlamda=0.2 +betaINTOlamda=2*%pi +rho=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);//reflection coefficient +theta=2*betaINTOlamda*lmBYlamda;//radian +//exp(j*theta)=cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta) +ZL=Zo*(1-rho*(cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta)))/(1+rho*(cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta)));//ohm +Rs=real(ZL);//ohm +Xs=abs(imag(ZL));//ohm(capacitive) +printf("Series equivalent circuit:") +printf("\n Rs = %0.1f ohm",Rs) +printf("\n Xs = %0.1f ohm",Xs) +YL=(1/ZL)*1000;//mS +Rp=1000/real(YL);//ohm +Xp=1000/imag(YL);//ohm +printf("\n\n Parallel equivalent circuit:") +printf("\n Rp = %0.1f ohm",Rp) +printf("\n Xp = %0.f ohm",Xp) + diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42662fa68 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.24/Ex1_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Ex 24 Page 366 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +b=3;//cm +a=4.5;//cm +f=9*10**9;//Hz +v=3*10**10;//cm/s +lamda=v/f;//cm + +printf("\n For TE10 mode:") +m=1;// for TE10 mode +lamda_c = 2*a/m;//cm +rho=sqrt(1-(lamda/lamda_c)**2) +lamda_g=lamda/rho;//cm +vg=rho*v;//cm/s +vp=v/rho;//cm/s +ZTE=120*%pi/rho;//ohm + +printf("\n cutoff wavelength = %.f cm",lamda_c) +printf("\n guide wavelength = %.2f cm",lamda_g) +printf("\n Group velocity = %.1e m/s",vg/100) +printf("\n Phase velocity = %.1e m/s",vp/100) +printf("\n Characteristic wave impedence = %.f ohm",ZTE) + +printf("\n\n For TM11 mode:") +m=1;n=1// for TE10 mode +lamda_c = 2/sqrt((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2);//cm +rho=sqrt(1-(lamda/lamda_c)**2) +lamda_g=lamda/rho;//cm +vg=rho*v;//cm/s +vp=v/rho;//cm/s +ZTM=120*%pi*rho;//ohm +printf("\n cutoff wavelength = %.f cm",lamda_c) +printf("\n guide wavelength = %.2f cm",lamda_g) +printf("\n Group velocity = %.1e m/s",vg/100) +printf("\n Phase velocity = %.1e m/s",vp/100) +printf("\n Characteristic wave impedence = %.f ohm",ZTM) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..757d58f43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.25/Ex1_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Ex 25 Page 367 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +fs_max=1600;//kHz +fs_min=500;//kHz +IF=465;//kHz + +fr=fs_max/fs_min;//ratio +C_ratio = fr**2;//Cs_max/Cs_min +//Part (a) +fo_min=IF+fs_min;//kHz +fo_max=IF+fs_max;//kHz +fr_o=fo_max/fo_min;//frequency ratio for oscillator +C_ratio_o = fr_o**2;//Cs_max/Cs_min +printf("part(a):") +printf("\n For fo>fs, the range of fo : %.f to %.f kHz",fo_min,fo_max) +printf("\n frequency ratio = %.2f",fr_o) +printf("\n capacitance ratio = %.2f",C_ratio_o) + +//Part (b) +fo_min=-IF+fs_min;//kHz +fo_max=-IF+fs_max;//kHz +fr_o=fo_max/fo_min;//frequency ratio for oscillator +C_ratio_o = fr_o**2;//Cs_max/Cs_min +printf("\n\n part(b):") +printf("\n For fo>fs, the range of fo : %.f to %.f kHz",fo_min,fo_max) +printf("\n frequency ratio = %.1f",fr_o) +printf("\n capacitance ratio = %.1f",C_ratio_o) +//ans wrong for part b in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95f9d9936 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.26/Ex1_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Ex 26 Page 368 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Ic=3;//mA +hfe=45;//unitless +Vcc=12;//V +VBE=0.5;//V +S=0.05;//stability factor +Beta=45;//unitless + +RR=Vcc/2/(Ic*10**-3);//ohm (let RL+Re=RR) +//Re=20% of (Re+Rl) +Re=RR*20/100;//ohm +RL=RR-Re;//ohm +Ve=(Ic+Ic/Beta)*10**-3*Re;//V +Vb=Ve+VBE;//V +//S=Re/Rb=0.5 => Rb=Re/S +R1=Vcc*Re/S/Vb/1000;//kohm +// Vb/Vcc = R2/(R2+R1) +R2=Vb*R1/(Vcc-Vb);//kohm +printf("Resistor values are : ") +printf("\n RL=%.2f kohm",RL/1000) +printf("\n Re=%.2f kohm",Re/1000) +printf("\n R1=%.2f kohm",R1) +printf("\n R2=%.2f kohm",R2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..276ec99df --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.27/Ex1_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 27 Page 369 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Vcc=50;//V +Vmin=10;//V +Pd=40;//W + + +Vo=Vcc-Vmin;//V +K=Vo/Vcc;//constant +Rdash=2*Vcc**2/%pi/Pd*(K-%pi*K**2/4);//ohm +Po=K**2*Vcc**2/2/Rdash;//W +eta=%pi*K/4*100;//% + +printf("load presented by transformer = %.1f ohm",Rdash) +printf("\n load power output = %.1f W",Po) +printf("\n conversion efficiency = %.1f percent",eta) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c234d6f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.28/Ex1_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +// Ex 28 Page 370 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Rs=1000;//ohm +Rc1=2*1000;//ohm +Re2=2*1000;//ohm +//CE configuration +hie=1100;//ohm +hre=2.5*10**-4; +hfe=50; +hoe=25*10**-6;//s +//CC configuration +hic=1.1;//kohm +hrc=1; +hfc=-51; +hoc=25*10**-6;//s + +printf("for 2nd stage(CC stage)") +AI2=-hfc/(1+hoe*Re2);//current gain +Ri2=hic+hrc*AI2*Re2;//kohm +Av2=AI2*Re2/Ri2;//Voltage Gain +printf("\n current gain = %0.2f",AI2) +printf("\n Input impedence = %0.2f kohm",Ri2/1000) +printf("\n Voltage gain = %0.2f",Av2) + +printf("\n\n for 1st stage(CE stage)") +RL1=Rc1*Ri2/(Rc1+Ri2);//kohm +AI1=-hfe/(1+hoe*RL1);//current gain +printf("\n current gain = %.2f",AI1) +Ri1=hie+hre*AI1*RL1;//kohm +printf("\n Input impedence = %0.2f kohm",Ri1/1000) +Av1=AI1*RL1/Ri1;//Voltage gain +printf("\n Voltage gain = %0.2f",Av1) +Ro1=1/(hoe-hfe*hre/(hie+100));//ohm +printf("\n Output impedence = %.2f kohm",Ro1/1000) +Ro1dash=Ro1*Rc1/(Ro1+Rc1);///ohm +printf("\n Output impedence taking Rc1 into account = %.2f kohm",Ro1dash/1000) + +printf("\n\n for overall amplifier") +Ro=1/(hoc*100-hfc*hrc/(hic+Ro1dash));//ohm +printf("\n Output impedence = %.2f ohm",Ro) +Rodash=Ro*Re2*1000/(Ro1+Re2*1000);///ohm +printf("\n Output impedence taking Re2 into account = %.2f ohm",Rodash) +AI=AI1*AI2*Rc1/(Ri2+Rc1);// current gain +printf("\n current gain = %.2f",AI) +Av=Av1*Av2;//voltage gain +printf("\n Voltage gain = %.2f",Av) +//answer is wrong for overall amplifier in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8ce21650 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.29/Ex1_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// Ex 29 Page 372 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +fT=6*10**6;//Hz +hfe=50; +Rs=500;//ohm +gm=0.04;//S +rbb_dash=100;//ohm +Cc=10*10**-12;//F +RL=1;//kohm + +rbe=hfe/gm;//ohm +Ce=gm/2/%pi/fT;//F +C=Ce+Cc*(1+gm*RL);//F +hie=rbb_dash+rbe;//ohm +R=(Rs+rbb_dash)*rbe/((Rs+rbb_dash)+rbe);//ohm +f2=1/2/%pi/R/C;//Hz +printf("Voltage gain upper BW frequency = %.2f MHz",f2/10**6) +AIS=-hfe*Rs/(Rs+hie);//current gain +printf("\n Current gain = %.2f",AIS) +AVS=-hfe*RL*1000/(Rs+hie);//voltage gain +printf("\n Voltage gain = %.2f",AVS) +AVSf2=AVS*f2;//Hz +printf("\n Voltage gain BW product = %.2f MHz",abs(AVSf2/10**6)) +AISf2=AIS*f2;//Hz +printf("\n Current gain BW product = %.2f MHz",abs(AISf2/10**6)) + +//answer in the textbook are wrong. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd80f52fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Ex 3 Page 341 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +N=680; // turns +fi=1.6*10^3 ;// Wb +d1=4/100 ;// m +d2=24/100;//m +l=0.6;//m +mu0=4*%pi/10^7 ;// constant + + +// For air gap : +A=d1^2 ;// m^2 +Bg=fi/A ;//weber/m^2 +Hg=Bg/mu0;//AT/m +mmf1=0.001/mu0 ;// AT + +// For central limb : +A=d1^2;// m^2 +Bc=fi/A ;//weber/m^2 +Hc=900;//AT/m (from magnetization curve) +mmf2=Hc*d2 ;// AT + + +// For side limb : +fi=1/2*fi ;// Wb +A=d1^2;// m^2 +Bc=fi/A ;//weber/m^2 +Hc=520;//AT/m (from magnetization curve) +mmf3=Hc*l ;// AT + +mmf_total = mmf1+mmf2+mmf3;// AT +i=mmf_total/N ;// A +printf("Current required = %0.2f A",i) + + +// Answer in the textbook are not accurate diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c60cc1cd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.30/Ex1_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Ex 30 Page 373 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +VP=-2;//V +IDSS=1.75/1000;//A +VDD=24;//V +ID=1/1000;//A +VP=0.2;//V (pinch off voltage) + +VGS=(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS))*VP;//V +gmo=-2*IDSS/VP;//S +gm=gmo*(1-VGS/VP);//S +Rs=-VGS/ID;//ohm + +printf("VGS=%.2f V",VGS) +printf("\n gm = %.2f mS",gm*1000) +printf("\n Rs = %.f ohm",Rs) +//Ans are wrong in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a1e13914 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.31/Ex1_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 31 Page 374 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +G=37;//dB +f1=50;//Hz +f2=18.7*1000;//Hz +BW1=f2;//Hz (f2-f1~=f2) + + +A1=10**(G/20);//Gain +A3=sqrt(A1);//Gain +RL1BYRL2=A1/A3;//ratio +RL2BYRL1=A3/A1;//ratio +//BW=2*%pi*Cd*RL +BW1BYBW2=RL2BYRL1; +BW2BYBW1=RL1BYRL2; +f2dash=f2*sqrt(sqrt(2)-1); +BW2=BW2BYBW1*f2dash;//Hz +printf("Bandwidth of redesigned amplifier, BW=%.f kHz",BW2/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49d2cc5a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.32/Ex1_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Ex 32 Page 375 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +L=30;//H +C=10*10**-6;//F +RL=8*10**3;//ohm +f=50;//Hz + +r=sqrt(2)/12/(2*%pi*f)**2/L/C*100;//% +Lc=2*RL/6/(2*%pi*f);//H +printf("ripple factor = %.1f percent",r) +printf("\n Critical inductance, Lc=%.1f H",Lc) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca4de8052 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.33/Ex1_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 33 Page 376 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +V=500;//V +Pp=1500*10**3;//W (+ve side) +Pn=2000*10**3;//W (-ve side) + +P=Pp+Pn;//W +I=P/V;//A +Ip=Pp/(V/2);//A +In=Pn/(V/2);//A +Iob=In-Ip;//A +Ia=Iob/2;//A +printf("Current supplied by the main generator = %.f A",I) +printf("\n Current supplied on +ve side = %.f A",Ip) +printf("\n Current supplied on -ve side = %.f A",In) +printf("\n out-off balance Current = %.f A",Iob) +printf("\n Current in each armature = %.f A",Ia) + diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d74e8898 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.34/Ex1_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +// Ex 34 Page 377 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +l=20;//km +P=10000;//kW +V=11;//kV +pf=0.707;//lagging +R=0.02;//ohm/km/phase +X=0.07;//ohm/km/phase + +//for pf = 0.707 + +IL=P*10**3/sqrt(3)/(V*1000)/pf;//A +VRphase=V*1000/sqrt(3);//V +R_phase=l*R;//ohm +X_phase=l*X;//ohm +Z_phase=R_phase+%i*X_phase;//ohm +Vd_phase=IL*(pf-%i*pf)*Z_phase;//V +VS=(Vd_phase+VRphase);//V +regulation=(VS-VRphase)/VRphase*100;//% +printf("regulation = %.f percent",regulation) +PL=3*IL^2*R_phase/1000;//kW +Po=P+PL;//kW +eta=P/Po*100;//% +printf("\n Efficiency = %.f percent",eta) + +//for pf2=0.9;//lagging +pf=0.9;//lagging +IL=P*10**3/sqrt(3)/(V*1000)/pf;//A +VRphase=V*1000/sqrt(3);//V +R_phase=l*R;//ohm +X_phase=l*X;//ohm +Z_phase=R_phase+%i*X_phase;//ohm +Vd_phase=IL*(pf-%i*.435)*Z_phase;//V +VS=(Vd_phase+VRphase);//V +regulation=(VS-VRphase)/VRphase*100;//% +printf("\n\n regulation = %.1f percent",regulation) +PL=3*IL^2*R_phase/1000;//kW +Po=P+PL;//kW +eta=P/Po*100;//% +printf("\n Efficiency = %.f percent",eta) +//ans wrong for 2nd part in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81f13d8b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.35/Ex1_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Ex 35 Page 378 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +C1=1.2;//Rs +C2=5;//Rs +P1=100;//W +P2=30;//W +t=1000;//hours +Ce=60;//Rs/kW/annum for max demand +Cee=3 ;//paise/unit for extra + +//first lamp +Cl1=C1*100/t;// paise / hour +dmax1=P1/1000;//kW/hour +Cmax1=Ce*100*dmax1/(24*365);//paise/hour +CE1=Cee*dmax1;///paise / hour +CT1=Cl1+Cmax1+CE1;//paise (total cost per hour) +printf("lamp1 : Total cost/hour = %.3f paise",CT1) +//second lamp +Cl2=C2*100/t;// paise / hour +dmax2=P2/1000;//kW/hour +Cmax2=Ce*100*dmax2/(24*365);//paise/hour +CE2=Cee*dmax2;///paise / hour +CT2=Cl2+Cmax2+CE2;//paise (total cost per hour) +printf("\n lamp2 : Total cost/hour = %.2f paise",CT2) +printf("\n on comparing cost it is clear lamp1 will be more economical. ") +//let load factor = x +//Cl1+Cmax1/x+CE1=Cl2+Cmax2/x+CE2 +x=(Cmax1-Cmax2)/(Cl2+CE2-Cl1-CE1)*100;// % load factor +printf("\n\n load factor = %.f percent",x) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d1b43a36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.36/Ex1_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Ex 36 Page 379 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +p=4;//pole +I1=143;//A +Z=492;//armature conductors +theta=10;//degree +I2=10;//A + +Ia=I1+I2;//A +Iw=Ia/2;//A for wave sound +Il=Ia/4;//for lap sound +//part(a) +ATw=Z*Iw*theta/360;//AT +nw=ATw/theta;//turns +printf("(a) extra shunt field turns required = %d",nw) + +//part(b) +ATl=Z*Il*theta/360;//AT +nl=ATl/theta;//turns +printf("\n (b) extra shunt field turns required = %d",nl) +//answer wrong for part(a) in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1d34ca8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.37/Ex1_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Ex 37 Page 380 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Wh=250;//W +We=100;//W +N=1000/60;//rps + +A=Wh/N;//constant +B=We/N**2;//constant +Wnew=1/2*(Wh+We);//W +//Wnew=A*N1+B*N1**2 +p=[B,A,-Wnew];//polynomial for N1 +N1=roots(p);//rps +N1=N1(2)*60;//rpm//discarding -ve value +printf("New speed will be %.f rpm",N1) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00f6bca21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.38/Ex1_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Ex 38 Page 381 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +P=50;//kW +V=250//V +N1=400;//rpm +Ra=0.02;//ohm +Rf=50;//ohm +Pi=50;//kW +Vin=250;//V +Vd=1;//V per Brush + +I=P*10**3/V//A +Ish=V/Rf;//A +Ia=I+Ish;//A +Va=Ia*Ra;//V +Vbd=2*Vd;//V +Eb1=V+Va+Vbd;//V + + +//as motor +I=P*10**3/V//A +Ish=V/Rf;//A +Ia=I-Ish;//A + +Va=Ia*Ra;//V +Vbd=2*Vd;//V +Eb2=V-Va-Vbd;//V +N2=(Eb2/Eb1)*N1;//rpm +printf("Speed of the machine running as shunt motor = %.f rpm",N2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..72480ac8c --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.39/Ex1_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +// Ex 39 Page 383 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +VL=250;//V +Is=50;//A +Ia=380;//A +If1=5;//A +If2=4.2;//A +ra=0.02;//ohm + +//Machine Losses: +ma_cu_loss=Ia**2*ra;//W (motor armature cu loss) +ga_cu_loss=(Ia-Is)**2*ra;//W (generator armature cu loss) +P=VL*Is;//W +stray_loss=P-ma_cu_loss-ga_cu_loss;//W +stray_loss_per_machine=stray_loss/2;//W + +//Motor efficiency +field_cu_loss=VL*If2;//W +total_loss=ma_cu_loss+field_cu_loss+stray_loss_per_machine;//W +Pin_motor=(VL*Ia)+(VL*ra);//W +Pout_motor=Pin_motor-total_loss;//W +Eff=Pout_motor/Pin_motor*100;//% +printf("Motor efficiency = %.f percent",Eff) + + +//Generator efficiency +field_cu_loss=VL*If1;//W +total_loss=ga_cu_loss+field_cu_loss+stray_loss_per_machine;//W +Pout_generator=VL*(Ia-Is);//W +Pin_generator=Pout_generator+total_loss;//W +Eff=Pout_motor/Pin_motor*100;//% +printf("\n Generator efficiency = %.f percent",Eff) + + + + diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f7684cb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Ex 4 Page 343 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +D=15/100 ;// m +A=10/10**-4;//m^2 +N=200; // turns +fi=1.6*10^3 ;// Wb +B=1 ;//weber/m^2 +mu0=4*%pi/10^7 ;// constant +mur=500 ;// constant +lg=2/1000;//m + + +// without air gap +l=%pi*D;//m +R=l/mu0/mur/A;//A/Wb +fi=B*A;//Wb +mmf=fi*R;//AT +I=mmf/N;//A +L=N**2/R/10**6;//mH +E=1/2*L*I^2/100;//J + + +// with air gap +Rg=lg/mu0/A;//A/Wb +Rt=R+Rg;//A/Wb +fi=B*A;//Wb +mmf=fi*Rt;//AT +I2=mmf/N;//A +L2=N**2/Rt/10**6;//mH +E2=1/2*L2*I2^2/100;//J + +printf("\t\t\tWithout air gap With air gap") +printf("\nExciting current %.2f A %.1f A",I,I2) +printf("\nInductance %.1f mH %.1f mH",L,L2) +printf("\nStored Energy %.3f J %.2f J",E,E2) + + +// Answer in the textbook are not accurate diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7aaf03c92 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.40/Ex1_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// Ex 40 Page 384 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +KVA=4;//kVA +V1=200//V +V2=400//V +f=50;//Hz +Io1=0.8;//A +P1=70;//W +Vs2=17.5;//V +Is2=9;//A +P2=50;//W + +//full load +I_loss=P1;//W +I2=KVA*1000/V2;//A +Cu_loss=(I2/Is2)**2*P2;//W +Zo2=Vs2/Is2;//ohm +Ro2=P2/Is2**2;//ohm +Xo2=sqrt(Zo2**2-Ro2**2);//ohm + +//(a) +printf("Full load efficiency : ") +//unity pf +pf=1;//power factor +Output=KVA*pf;//kW +Losses=Cu_loss+I_loss;//W +eta=Output*1000/(Output*1000+Losses)*100;//% +printf("\n at unity power factor = %.1f percent",eta) +//0.8 pf +pf=0.8;//power factor +Output=KVA*pf;//kW +eta=Output*1000/(Output*1000+Losses)*100;//% +printf("\n at 0.8 power factor = %.1f percent",eta) + +//(b) +//(i) unity pf +Vd=I2*Ro2;//V +V22=V2-Vd;//V +printf("\n\n Voltage drop at unity pf = %.1f V",V22) +//(i) 0.8 pf lagging +pf=0.8;//power factor +Vd=I2*(Ro2*pf+Xo2*sqrt(1-pf**2));//V +V22=V2-Vd;//V +printf("\n Voltage drop at 0.8 pf lagging = %.1f V",V22) +//(i) 0.8 pf leading +pf=0.8;//power factor +Vd=I2*(Ro2*pf-Xo2*sqrt(1-pf**2));//V +V22=V2-Vd;//V +printf("\n Voltage drop at 0.8 pf leading = %.f V",V22) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b03b7639 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.41/Ex1_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +// Ex 41 Page 385 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +KVA=15;//kVA +pf=1; +eff=98/100;//efficiency + +L1=2;//kW +pf1=0.5;//lagging +t1=12;//hours +L2=12;//kW +pf2=0.8;//lagging +t2=6;//hours +L3=18;//kW +pf3=0.9;//lagging +t3=6;//hours + +Po=KVA*pf;//kW +Pin=Po/eff;//kW +Losses=Pin-Po;//kW +Cu_loss=Losses/2;//kW +I_loss=Losses/2;//kW + +KVA1=L1/pf1;//kVA +KVA2=L2/pf2;//kVA +KVA3=L3/pf3;//kVA +Cu_loss1=Cu_loss*(KVA1/KVA2)**2;//kW +Cu_loss2=Cu_loss*(KVA2/KVA2)**2;//kW +Cu_loss3=Cu_loss*(KVA3/KVA2)**2;//kW + +Cu_loss_t1=Cu_loss1*t1;//kW +Cu_loss_t2=Cu_loss2*t2;//kW +Cu_loss_t3=Cu_loss3*t3;//kW +Cu_loss_total=Cu_loss_t1+Cu_loss_t2+Cu_loss_t3;//kW +I_loss24=I_loss*24;//Wh + +Po24=L1*t1+L2*t2+L3*t3;//kWh +Pi24=Po24+Cu_loss_total+I_loss24;//kWh +eff_allday=Po24/Pi24*100;//% +printf("All day efficiency = %.f percent",eff_allday) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05a205f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.42/Ex1_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Ex 42 Page 386 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +V1=250;//V +V2=150;//V +Vs1=200;//V +Load1=5;//kW +pf1=0.8;//lagging +Load2=2;//kW +pf2=1;//unity +Vs2=100;//V + +I1=Load1*1000/V1/pf1;//A +t1_ratio=V1/Vs1;// +Ip1=I1*t1_ratio;//A at 0.8 pf (current drawn by primary) + +I2=Load2*1000/Vs2/pf2;//A +t2_ratio=Vs2/V2;// +Ip2=I2*t2_ratio;//A at 0.8 pf (current drawn by primary) + +Ipx=Ip1*pf1+Ip2;//A +Ipy=Ip1*sqrt(1-pf1**2);//A +I3=sqrt(Ipx**2+Ipy**2);//A +printf("Current drawn by the transformer=%.2f A",I3) +pf=Ipx/I3;//power factor +printf("\n power factor = %.1f lagging",pf) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..131518a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.43/Ex1_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 43 Page 387 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R2=0.03;//ohm +X2=0.18;//ohm +Ns=100;//rpm +s1=3;//% + + +Nfl=(100-s1);//rpm (full load speed) +N2=Nfl/2;//rpm +s2=(Ns-N2)/Ns*100;//% +V1BYV2=sqrt(s2/s1*(R2**2+(s1/100*X2)**2)/(R2**2+(s2/100*X2)**2));//from torque equation +//let V1=V12BYV1 V2=1 +V1=V1BYV2;//V +V2=1;//V +V12BYV1=(V1-1)/V1*100;// % reduction in the stator (V12=V1-V2) +printf("Percentage reduction in stator voltage = %.f percent",V12BYV1) +fi=atan(s2/100*X2/R2);//radian +pf=cos(fi);//power factor +printf("\n power factor = %.1f",pf) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..992d91806 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.44/Ex1_44.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 44 Page 388 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +zo=1+%i*1;//ohm +zi=0.2+%i*4;//ohm +Ri=real(zi) ;//ohm +Ro=real(zo) ;//ohm + +//at standstill +s=1;//% at standstill +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("(a) at standstill, To:Ti = %d:1",ToBYTi) + +//at s=0.5 +s=0.05;//% +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2/s**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2/s**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("\n (b) at s=0.05, To:Ti = %.1f:1",ToBYTi) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e1096273 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.45/Ex1_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Ex 45 Page 389 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Edc=500;//V +fim=.085;//Wb +f=50;//Hz +E1=11000;//V +P=1500;//kW +p=8;//pole +pf=0.9 +V=500;//V +J=3;//A/mm^2 + +E2=Edc/sqrt(2)//V +N2=E2/4.44/f/fim;//no. of turns +N1=E1/E2*N2;//no. of turns +printf("no. of turns in primary = %d",N1) +printf("\n no. of turns in secondary = %d",N2) +Idc=P*10**3/V;//A +eta=1;//because of no loss +ISR=0.472*Idc/(eta*pf) +A1=ISR/J*10**-6;//m^2 (cross section area) +I1=N2/N1*ISR;//A +A2=I1/J*10**-6;//m**2 (cross section area of primary winding) +printf("\n\n cross section of primary winding=%.2e m^2",A1) +printf("\n cross section of secondary winding=%.1e m^2",A2) +//ans in the book are not accurate. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6c493af6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.46/Ex1_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Ex 46 Page 391 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +IscBYIfl=5;// as Isc=5*Ifl +ILByIfl=3;// as IL <= 3*Ifl +sf=5;//% + +//IL=K**2*ISC +//dividing by Ifl +K=sqrt(ILByIfl/IscBYIfl)*100;//% +TstBYTf=(K/100)**2*IscBYIfl*sf/100*100;// % //ratio of torque +printf("Suitable auto transformation ratio = %.1f",K) +printf("\n Starting torque Tst = %.f percent of full-load torque",TstBYTf) +//ans wrong in the textbook. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14f7c7ce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.47/Ex1_47.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Ex 47 Page 391 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +V=500;//V +ns=60;//slots +nc=20;//conductor/slot +ra=1.31;//ohm +Tmax=218;//N-m +fi=23*10**-3;//Wb + +Tmin=Tmax/1.5//N-m +Z=ns*nc;//no of conductors +Ia=Tmax/(.159*fi*Z);//A +Imax=1.5*Ia;//A +I1=Imax;//A +I2=Ia;//A +R1=V/I1;//ohm +n= log(R1/ra)/log(I1/I2)+1;//no of studs +N=n-1;//no of section +printf("no of studs = %d and no. of section = %d",n,N) +R2=R1*(I2/I1);//ohm +R3=R2*(I2/I1);//ohm +R4=R3*(I2/I1);//ohm +R1s=R1-R2;//ohm +R2s=R2-R3;//ohm +R3s=R3-R4;//ohm +R4s=R4-ra;//ohm +printf("\n\n Resistance of 1st section = %.2f ohm",R1s) +printf("\n Resistance of 2nd section = %.2f ohm",R2s) +printf("\n Resistance of 3rd section = %.2f ohm",R3s) +printf("\n Resistance of 4th section = %.2f ohm",R4s) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..284b1bace --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.48/Ex1_48.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 48 Page 393 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +theta1=20;//degree C +theta2=35;//degree C +t1=0.5;//hour +t2=1;//hour +theta_m_dashBYthetam=80/100;//temperature rise + +//theta=theta_m*(1-e**(-t/alfa)) +//theta1/theta2=(1-%e**(-t1/alfa))/(1-%e**(-t2/alfa)) +ee1=theta2/theta1-1;//let ee1=exp(-1/2/alfa) +theta_m=theta1/(1-ee1);//degree C +theta_2=theta_m*(1-ee1**4);// degree C (after 2 hours) +printf("temperature rise after 2 hours full load = %.f degree C",theta_2) +alfa=-1/2/log(ee1);//hour +alfa_dash=theta_m_dashBYthetam*alfa;//hour +theta_m_dash=theta_m_dashBYthetam*theta_m +theta_dash=theta_m_dash*(1-%e**(-t2/alfa)) +printf("\n temperature rise of cold water after 1 hour = %.f degree C",theta_dash) +//ans of 2nd part is wrong in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76e0452ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.49/Ex1_49.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 49 Page 394 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +u=30;//degree +m=3;//no of phases + +//Id=sqrt(2)*Vs*X*(1-cosd(u))*sin(%pi/m) +IdBYVs_dash=m/2/%pi*(1-cosd(u))*sin(%pi/m)*sqrt(2);//load current/Vs +//where IdBYVs_dash = m/%pi*IdX/2 +EdoBYVs=sqrt(2)*m/%pi*sin(%pi/m);//dc output voltage/Vs with no overlap +EduBYVs=EdoBYVs-IdBYVs_dash;//dc output voltage/Vs with overlap +//part (a) +Reg1=(EdoBYVs-EduBYVs)/EdoBYVs*100;//% (regulation) +printf("Regulation at no load voltage = %.1f percent",Reg1) +//part (b) +Reg2=(EdoBYVs-EduBYVs)/EduBYVs*100;//% (regulation) +printf("\n Regulation at full load voltage = %.1f percent",Reg2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04511400e --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Ex 5 Page 344 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +VA=60;//V +I=0.6;//A +// (VB-VA)/20+(VB-VC)/20+VB/20-I=0 +//3*VB-VC=72 for node B eqn(1) +//(VC-VA)/50+(VC-VB)/30+(VC-12)/50+VC/100=0 +//-5*VB+10*VC=144 eqn(2) +A=[3 -1;-5 10]; +B=[72;144]; +X=A**-1*B; +VB=X(1);//V +VC=X(2);//V +printf("Voltage acroos 100 ohm = %.1f V",VC) +VC=24;//V +VB=(72+VC)/3 ;// from eqn(1) +// Node C +// (VC-VA)/50+(VC-VB)/20+(VC-12)/50+VC/100+VC/R=0 eqn(3) +R=100*VC/(144+5*VB-10*VC);//ohm +printf("\nR=%.1f ohm",R) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4110c0ef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.50/Ex1_50.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Ex 50 Page 395 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +I12=2000;//A (I12=I1+I2) +R1=0.04;//ohm +R2=0.025;//ohm +rf1=25;//ohm +rf2=20;//ohm +E1=440;//V +E2=420;//V + +//E-Vad=V where Vad=I1+V/rf1 +//V*(1+R1/rf1)+R1*I1=E1//eqn(1) +//V*(1+R2/rf2)-I1*R2=E2-I12*R2// eqn(2) +A=[(1+R1/rf1),R1;(1+R2/rf2),-R2]; // matrix for solution +B=[E1;E2-I12*R2];//matrix for solution +X=A**-1*B;//solution +V=X(1);//V +I1=X(2);//A +I2=I12-I1;//A +printf("Current for each machine = %.f A & %.f A ",I1,I2) +Po1=V*I1;//W +Po2=V*I2;//W +printf("\n Power output for each machine = %.1f kW & %.1f kW",Po1/1000,Po2/1000) +//ans in the book are wrong. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1de12ac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.51/Ex1_51.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Ex 51 Page 396 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +ZA=0.15+0.5*%i;//ohm +ZB=0.1+0.6*%i;//ohm +EA=207;//V +EB=205;//V +ZL=2+1.5*%i;//ohm + +IA=(EA*ZB+(EA-EB)*ZL)/(ZA*ZB+ZL*(ZA+ZB));//A +IB=(EB*ZA-(EA-EB)*ZL)/(ZA*ZB+ZL*(ZA+ZB));//A +V2=(IA+IB)*ZL;//V +fi_A=atand(imag(V2)/real(V2))-(atand(imag(IA)/real(IA))) +pf_A=cosd(fi_A);//lag +printf("pf transformer A = %.2f lag",pf_A) +fi_B=atand(imag(V2)/real(V2))-(atand(imag(IB)/real(IB))) +pf_B=cosd(fi_B);//lag +printf("\n pf transformer B = %.2f lag",pf_B) +PA=abs(V2*IA*pf_A);//W +printf("\n power output transformer A = %.f W",PA) +PB=abs(V2*IB*pf_B);//W +printf("\n power output transformer B = %.f W",PB) +//Power output ans are wrong in the book. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31f5fe30e --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.52/Ex1_52.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Ex 52 Page 397 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +d1=0.05*10**-3;//mm +l1=100*10**-2;//m +i2BYi1=1/4;//current ratio +//(d2/d1)**(3/2)=i2BYi1 +d2=(i2BYi1)**(2/3)*d1*10**6;//um +l2=1/2*l1*d1/d2*10**6;//m +printf("filament length = %.2f m",l2) +printf("\n filament diameter = %.f um",d2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58c88ec4f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.53/Ex1_53.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Ex 53 Page 398 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +d1=0.10*10**-3;//mm +l1=150*10**-2;//m +i2BYi1=1/3;//current ratio +//(d2/d1)**(3/2)=i2BYi1 +d2=(i2BYi1)**(2/3)*d1*10**6;//um +l2=1/2*l1*d1/d2*10**6;//m +printf("filament length = %.1f m",l2) +printf("\n filament diameter = %.f um",d2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f48fa3cc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.54/Ex1_54.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 54 Page 398 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +zo=2+%i*2;//ohm +zi=0.5+%i*4;//ohm +Ri=real(zi) ;//ohm +Ro=real(zo) ;//ohm + +//at standstill +s=1;//% at standstill +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("(a) at standstill, To:Ti = %d:1",ToBYTi) + +//at s=0.5 +s=0.05;//% +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2/s**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2/s**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("\n (b) at s=0.05, To:Ti = %.f:10",ToBYTi*10) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3dc07b13f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.55/Ex1_55.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Ex 55 Page 400 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Edc=250;//V +fim=.065;//Wb +f=50;//Hz +E1=6000;//V +P=1500;//kW +p=8;//pole +pf=0.9 +V=400;//V +J=3;//A/mm^2 + +E2=Edc/sqrt(2)//V +N2=E2/4.44/f/fim;//no. of turns +N1=E1/E2*N2;//no. of turns +printf("no. of turns in primary = %d",N1) +printf("\n no. of turns in secondary = %d",N2) +Idc=P*10**3/V;//A +eta=1;//because of no loss +ISR=0.472*Idc/(eta*pf) +A1=ISR/J*10**-6;//m^2 (cross section area) +I1=N2/N1*ISR;//A +A2=I1/J*10**-6;//m**2 (cross section area of primary winding) +printf("\n\n cross section of primary winding=%.2e m^2",A1) +printf("\n cross section of secondary winding=%.1e m^2",A2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94120231f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.56/Ex1_56.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Ex 56 Page 400 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +IscBYIfl=4;// as Isc=5*Ifl +ILByIfl=3;// as IL <= 3*Ifl +sf=4;//% + +//IL=K**2*ISC +//dividing by Ifl +K=sqrt(ILByIfl/IscBYIfl)*100;//% +TstBYTf=(K/100)**2*IscBYIfl*sf/100*100;// % //ratio of torque +printf("Suitable auto transformation ratio = %.1f",K) +printf("\n Starting torque Tst = %.f percent of full-load torque",TstBYTf) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..632e61881 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.57/Ex1_57.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Ex 57 Page 401 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +theta1=30;//degree C +theta2=45;//degree C +t1=0.5;//hour +t2=1;//hour +theta_m_dashBYthetam=60/100;//temperature rise + +//theta=theta_m*(1-e**(-t/alfa)) +//theta1/theta2=(1-%e**(-t1/alfa))/(1-%e**(-t2/alfa)) +ee1=theta2/theta1-1;//let ee1=exp(-1/2/alfa) +theta_m=theta1/(1-ee1);//degree C +theta_2=theta_m*(1-ee1**4);// degree C (after 2 hours) +printf("temperature rise after 2 hours full load = %.f degree C",theta_2) +alfa=-1/2/log(ee1);//hour +alfa_dash=theta_m_dashBYthetam*alfa;//hour +theta_m_dash=theta_m_dashBYthetam*theta_m +theta_dash=theta_m_dash*(1-%e**(-t2/alfa)) +printf("\n temperature rise of cold water after 1 hour = %.f degree C",theta_dash) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65a3e43de --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.58/Ex1_58.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 58 Page 401 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +zo=2+%i*3;//ohm +zi=0.5+%i*5;//ohm +Ri=real(zi) ;//ohm +Ro=real(zo) ;//ohm + +//at standstill +s=1;//% at standstill +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("at slip=0, To:Ti = %d:1",ToBYTi) + +//at s=0.5 +s=0.05;//% +Zo=sqrt(real(zo)**2/s**2+imag(zo)**2);//ohm +Zi=sqrt(real(zi)**2/s**2+imag(zi)**2);//ohm +ToBYTi=Ro/Ri*(Zi/Zo)**2;//torque ratio +printf("\n at s=0.05, To:Ti = %.f:10",ToBYTi*10) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7786bd9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.59/Ex1_59.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 59 Page 402 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +u=45;//degree +m=3;//no of phases + +//Id=sqrt(2)*Vs*X*(1-cosd(u))*sin(%pi/m) +IdBYVs_dash=m/2/%pi*(1-cosd(u))*sin(%pi/m)*sqrt(2);//load current/Vs +//where IdBYVs_dash = m/%pi*IdX/2 +EdoBYVs=sqrt(2)*m/%pi*sin(%pi/m);//dc output voltage/Vs with no overlap +EduBYVs=EdoBYVs-IdBYVs_dash;//dc output voltage/Vs with overlap +//part (a) +Reg1=(EdoBYVs-EduBYVs)/EdoBYVs*100;//% (regulation) +printf("part(a) Regulation at no load voltage = %.f percent",Reg1) +//part (b) +Reg2=(EdoBYVs-EduBYVs)/EduBYVs*100;//% (regulation) +printf("\n part(b) Regulation at full load voltage = %.f percent",Reg2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..606558602 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Ex 6 Page 346 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +Ro=600;//ohm +fc=2*1000;//Hz +alfa=10;//dB + + +L=Ro/%pi/fc*1000;//mH +C=1/(%pi*Ro*fc)*10**6;//uF +alfa=alfa/8.686;//nepers +f=fc*cosh(alfa/2)/1000;//kHz +printf("\nat f = %.2f kHz, the above filter will have required attenuation.",f) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.60/Ex1_60.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.60/Ex1_60.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14fc8381d --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.60/Ex1_60.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Ex 60 Page 402 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +d1=0.15*10**-3;//mm +l1=150*10**-2;//m +i2BYi1=1/4;//current ratio +//(d2/d1)**(3/2)=i2BYi1 +d2=(i2BYi1)**(2/3)*d1*10**6;//um +l2=1/2*l1*d1/d2*10**6;//m +printf("length of filament = %.2f m",l2) +printf("\n diameter of filament = %.f um",d2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.61/Ex1_61.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.61/Ex1_61.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd431887e --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.61/Ex1_61.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Ex 61 Page 403 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +d=5/100;//m +S=-4/100;//m +Ve=3;//kV +theta=45;//degree +e=1.6*10**-19;//C +m=9.67*10**-31;//kg + +u=sqrt(2*e*Ve*1000/m);//m/s +uy=u*sind(theta);//m/s +vy=0;//since final velocity =0 +//vy**2-uy**2=2*ay*S +ay=(vy**2-uy**2)/2/S;//m**2/s +//ay=e/m*V/d +V=ay*m*d/e;//V +printf("Potential difference = %.f V",V) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.62/Ex1_62.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.62/Ex1_62.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3456a1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.62/Ex1_62.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Ex 62 Page 403 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R=150;//ohm +Vrms=200;//V +Rd1=65;//ohm +Rd2=140;//ohm + +Vm=Vrms/sqrt(2);//V +//v=Vm*sin(theta) +Rf=R+Rd1;//ohm +Rb=R+Rd2;//ohm +//i_f=v/Rf;//A +//i_b=v/Rb;//A +Irms=1/2/%pi*(integrate('(sqrt(2)*sin(theta))**2','theta',0,%pi)+integrate('(sqrt(2)/3*sin(theta))**2','theta',%pi,2*%pi)) +Iav=1/2/%pi*(integrate('sqrt(2)*sin(theta)','theta',0,%pi)+integrate('sqrt(2)/3*sin(theta)','theta',%pi,2*%pi)) +printf("reading of ammeter 1= %.2f A",Irms) +printf("\n reading of ammeter 2 = %.2f A",Iav) +P=1/2*(Vrms**2/Rf+Vrms**2/Rb);//W +printf("\n\n Power taken from the mains = %.1f W",P) +Pc=Irms**2*R;//W +Pd=P-Pc;//W +printf("\n Power dissipated in rectifying device = %d W",Pd) +//Answer wrong in the textbook. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.63/Ex1_63.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.63/Ex1_63.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29de8aed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.63/Ex1_63.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Ex 63 Page 404 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R=180;//ohm +V=4;//V +l=75;//cm +vd=.4;//V +emf=1.9;//V +Rc=850;//ohm +sg=17.5;//mm/uA +df=2;//mm + + +I=R/V;//A +Rw=vd/I;//ohm +Id=df/sg*10**-6;//A +el=1/sg*Rc;//uV +printf("error limit = %.1f uV",el) +Rw1=0.2/l*Rw;//ohm (for 2cm slide wire) +dV=I*Rw1*1000;//mV +r1=emf/I;//ohm +r2=r1*22.8/R;//ohm +Ig=dV/1000/(Rc+r2);//A +d=dV/1000/(Rc+r2)/Id;//mm +printf("\n Deflection = %.1f mm",d) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.64/Ex1_64.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.64/Ex1_64.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7a7e6857 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.64/Ex1_64.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 64 Page 405 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//i=0.25+0.25*sin(omega*t)-0.25*sin(2*omega*t) +I0=0.25;I1m=0.25;I2m=-0.25;//from above expression +Iav=I0;//A +R=800;//ohm +L=1/1000;//H + +Irms=sqrt(I0**2+(I1m/sqrt(2)**2+(I2m/sqrt(2)**2)));//A +printf("Reading on hot wire instrument = %.3f A",Irms) +VR=Irms*R;//V +printf("\n Reading on electrostatic voltmeter across 800 ohm = %d V",VR) +//vl_dash=L*di/dt=300*cos(w*t)-400*cos(2*w*t) +vl1=300;vl2=4;//V +vl=sqrt((300/sqrt(2))**2+(400/sqrt(2))**2) +printf("\n Reading on electrostatic voltmeter across 1 mH inductor = %d V",vl) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.65/Ex1_65.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.65/Ex1_65.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f20c460f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.65/Ex1_65.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Ex 65 Page 406 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +C=6*10**-6;//F +L=2.5;//H +R=300;//ohm + + +a=R/2/L +omega = sqrt(1/L/C-R^2/4/L^2);//rad/s +//i=Im*%e**(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +//at t=0 sec +i0=0;//A +vc=10;//V +fi=asin(i0);//degree +//L*di/dt=vc at t=0 +Im=poly([0],'Im') +function i=current(t) + i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +endfunction +//i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +LdiBYdt=L*numderivative(current,0) +temp = coeff(LdiBYdt) +Im=vc/temp(2) +Rn=2*sqrt(L/C);//ohm +Rad=Rn-R;//ohm +printf("Additional resistance required = %d ohm",Rad) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.66/Ex1_66.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.66/Ex1_66.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22d90e4cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.66/Ex1_66.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 66 Page 407 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +f=50;//Hz +Vm=500;//V +R=20;//ohm +L=0.15;//H +t=0.03;//sec +XL=2*%pi*f*L;//ohm +Z=R+%i*XL;//ohm +Im=Vm/abs(Z);//A +fi=atan(XL/R);//degree +lambda=L/R;//sec +i = Im*sin(314*t-fi)+0.95*%e**(-100*t);//A +printf("\n current after 0.03 sec is : %0.1f A",i) +i2=Im*(0.95*%e**(-100*t));//A +printf("\n transient component is : %0.2f A",i2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.67/Ex1_67.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.67/Ex1_67.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e0e4433d --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.67/Ex1_67.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Ex 67 Page 407 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//v=350*sin(omega*t)+80*sin(3*omega*t+%pi/3)+40*sin(5*omega*t+5*%pi/6) +V1=350;V3=80;V5=40;//V +fi1=0;fi3=60;fi5=150;//degree +R=20;//omh +L=0.05;//H +omega=314;//rad/s + +X1=omega*L;//ohm +Z1=R+%i*X1;//ohm +X3=3*omega*L;//ohm +Z3=R+%i*X3;//ohm +X5=5*omega*L;//ohm +Z5=R+%i*X5;//ohm +[r1,t1]=polar(Z1); +[r3,t3]=polar(Z3); +[r5,t5]=polar(Z5); +I1m=V1/r1;//A +I3m=V3/r3;//A +I5m=V5/r5;//A +Irms=sqrt(I1m^2/2+I3m^2/2+I5m^2/2);//A +Vrms=sqrt(V1^2/2+V3^2/2+V5^2/2);//A +printf("\n Irms=%.f A\n Vrms=%.f V",Irms,Vrms) +P=Irms^2*R;//W +printf("\n Total Power, P=%.f W",P) +cosfi=P/Vrms/Irms;//Power factor +printf("\n Power factor = %.2f",cosfi) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.68/Ex1_68.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.68/Ex1_68.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aeca2ebcc --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.68/Ex1_68.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Ex 68 Page 408 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +VRY=200*expm(%i*0);//V +VYB=200*expm(%i*-120*%pi/180);//V +VBR=200*expm(%i*120*%pi/180);//V + + +ZA=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm +ZB=10*expm(%i*0*%pi/180);//ohm +ZC=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm + +//Phase current +IRY=VRY/ZA;//A +IYB=VYB/ZB;//A +IBR=VBR/ZC;//A + +IR=IRY-IBR;//A +PVA=conj(VRY)*IR;//W +printf("Wattmeter W1 reading=%.f W",real(PVA)) +IB=IBR-IYB;//A +PVB=conj(-VYB)*IB;//W +printf("\n Wattmeter W2 reading=%.f W or %.f kW",real(PVB),real(PVB)/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.69/Ex1_69.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.69/Ex1_69.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b243fc95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.69/Ex1_69.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +// Ex 69 Page 409 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Rab=6;Rbc=8;Rca=4;//ohm +Vab=100*expm(%i*0);//V +Vbc=100*expm(%i*-120*%pi/180);//V +Vca=100*expm(%i*120*%pi/180);//V +Zab=6+%i*8;//ohm +Zbc=8+%i*6;//ohm +Zca=4-%i*3;//ohm + +//Phase current +Iab=Vab/Zab;//A +Ibc=Vbc/Zbc;//A +Ica=Vca/Zca;//A +printf("Phase Current:") +[r,t]=polar(Iab) +printf("\n Iab=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ibc) +printf("\n Ibc=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ica) +printf("\n Ica=%.f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +//Line current +Iaa=Iab-Ica;//A +Ibb=Ibc-Iab;//A +Icc=Ica-Ibc;//A +printf("\n\n Line Current:") +[r,t]=polar(Iaa) +printf("\n Iaa=%.1f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Ibb) +printf("\n Ibb=%.2f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +[r,t]=polar(Icc) +printf("\n Icc=%.2f angle=%.2f degree ",r,t*180/%pi) +//Power Consumed +Wab=abs(Iab)^2*Rab;//W +Wbc=abs(Ibc)^2*Rbc;//W +Wca=abs(Ica)^2*Rca;//W +W=Wab+Wbc+Wca;//W +W=W/1000;//kW +printf("\n\n Total Power, W=%.f kW",W) +//Answer wrong for line current in the textbook. diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4eea876d --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Ex 7 Page 347 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//v=100*sin(314*t) +R=25;//ohm +C=80;//uF +omega=314;//radian +Vm=100;//V + +Xc=1/omega/(C*10**-6);//ohm +Z=sqrt(R**2+Xc**2);//ohm +Im=Vm/Z;//A +theta=atan(Xc/R);//radian +printf("equation for instant current:") +mprintf("\n i=%.2f*sin(%d*t+%.2f)",Im,omega,theta) +P=(Im/sqrt(2))**2*R;//W +mprintf("\n Power consumed = %.1f W",P) +Vcm=Im*Xc;//V +//(when i=Im/2) +i=0.5*Im;//A +//vc=Vcm*sin(314*t+theta-%pi/2) +//i=Im*sin(314*t+theta) +tt=asin(i/Im) ;//radian tt=314*t+theta +vcm=Vcm*sin(tt-%pi/2) +mprintf("\n Voltage across capacitor = %.1f V(+ve & -ve)",abs(vcm)) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.70/Ex1_70.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.70/Ex1_70.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b47b7da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.70/Ex1_70.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Ex 70 Page 410 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +VRY=300*expm(%i*0);//V +VYB=300*expm(%i*-90*%pi/180);//V +VBR=300*expm(%i*90*%pi/180);//V + + +ZA=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm +ZB=10*expm(%i*0*%pi/180);//ohm +ZC=10*expm(%i*60*%pi/180);//ohm + +//Phase current +IRY=VRY/ZA;//A +IYB=VYB/ZB;//A +IBR=VBR/ZC;//A + +IR=IRY-IBR;//A +PVA=conj(VRY)*IR;//W +printf("W1 reading=%.f W",real(PVA)) +IB=IBR-IYB;//A +PVB=conj(-VYB)*IB;//W +printf("\n W2 reading=%.f W or %.f kW",real(PVB),real(PVB)/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.71/Ex1_71.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.71/Ex1_71.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e514e15cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.71/Ex1_71.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 71 Page 411 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +f=50;//Hz +Vm=500;//V +R=20;//ohm +L=0.2;//H +t=0.02;//sec +XL=2*%pi*f*L;//ohm +Z=R+%i*XL;//ohm +Im=Vm/abs(Z);//A +fi=atan(XL/R);//degree +lambda=L/R;//sec +printf("expression for current:") +printf("\n i = %.1f*sin(314*t-%.3f)+0.95*e**(-100*t)",Im,fi) +i = Im*sin(314*t-fi)+0.95*%e**(-100*t);//A +printf("\n current after 0.02 sec is : %0.1f A",-i) +i2=Im*(0.95*%e**(-100*t));//A +printf("\n transient component is : %0.2f A",i2) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.72/Ex1_72.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.72/Ex1_72.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28722c268 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.72/Ex1_72.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +// Ex 72 Page 411 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +R=200;//ohm +L=2;//H +C=5*10**-6;//F + + + +if R<2*sqrt(L/C) then +printf("Since R<2sqrt(L/C), the circuit is originally oscillatory.") +end + +a=R/(2*L) +omega = sqrt(1/L/C-R^2/4/L^2);//rad/s +//i=Im*%e**(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +//at t=0 sec +i0=0;//A +vc=10;//V +fi=asin(i0);//degree +//L*di/dt=vc at t=0 +Im=poly([0],'Im') +function i=current(t) + i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +endfunction +//i=Im*expm(-a*t)*sin(omega*t+fi) +LdiBYdt=L*numderivative(current,0) +temp = coeff(LdiBYdt) +Im=vc/temp(2) +printf("\n\n Expression for current :\n i = %.3f*exp(-%dt)*sin(%.1ft)",Im,a,omega) +Rn=2*sqrt(L/C);//ohm +Rad=Rn-R;//ohm +printf("\n\n Resistance required = %d ohm",Rad) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.73/Ex1_73.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.73/Ex1_73.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5857dccf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.73/Ex1_73.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Ex 73 Page 412 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//i=0.5+0.3*sin(omega*t)-0.2*sin(2*omega*t) +I0=0.5;I1m=0.3;I2m=-0.2;//from above expression +Iav=I0;//A +R=1000;//ohm +L=1/1000;//H + +Irms=sqrt(I0**2+(I1m/sqrt(2)**2+(I2m/sqrt(2)**2)));//A +printf("Reading of hot wire instrument = %.3f A",Irms) +VR=Irms*R;//V +printf("\n Reading of electrostatic voltmeter acroos 1000 ohm = %d V",VR) +//vl_dash=L*di/dt=300*cos(w*t)-400*cos(2*w*t) +vl1=300;vl2=4;//V +vl=sqrt((300/sqrt(2))**2+(400/sqrt(2))**2) +printf("\n Reading of electrostatic voltmeter acroos 1 mH inductor = %d V",vl) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.74/Ex1_74.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.74/Ex1_74.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba7ef4b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.74/Ex1_74.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +// Ex 74 Page 412 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +//v=350*sin(omega*t)+80*sin(3*omega*t+%pi/3)+40*sin(5*omega*t+5*%pi/6) +V1=250;V3=50;V5=30;//V +fi1=0;fi3=60;fi5=90;//degree +R=20;//omh +L=0.05;//H +omega=314;//rad/s + +X1=omega*L;//ohm +Z1=R+%i*X1;//ohm +X3=3*omega*L;//ohm +Z3=R+%i*X3;//ohm +X5=5*omega*L;//ohm +Z5=R+%i*X5;//ohm +[r1,t1]=polar(Z1); +[r3,t3]=polar(Z3); +[r5,t5]=polar(Z5); +I1m=V1/r1;//A +I3m=V3/r3;//A +I5m=V5/r5;//A +Irms=sqrt(I1m^2/2+I3m^2/2+I5m^2/2);//A +Vrms=sqrt(V1^2/2+V3^2/2+V5^2/2);//A +printf("\n Irms=%.f A\n Vrms=%.f V",Irms,Vrms) +P=Irms^2*R;//W +printf("\n Total Power, P=%.f W",P) +cosfi=P/Vrms/Irms;//Power factor +printf("\n Power factor = %.2f",cosfi) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.75/Ex1_75.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.75/Ex1_75.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29a316069 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.75/Ex1_75.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Ex 75 Page 414 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Ebb=400;//V +Emm=250;//V +Ibb=25;//A +Po=2.5*10**3;//W + +m=Emm/Ebb;//modulation index +Pbb=Ebb*Ibb +eta=Po/Pbb*100;//% +P=Po*(1+m**2/2);//W +Pdo=Pbb-Po;//W +Pd=Pdo*(1+m**2/2);//W +printf("\n carrier power under modulated condition = %0.2f kW",P/1000) +printf("\n plate circuit efficiency = %.f percent",eta) +printf("\n plate dissipation under unmodulated condition = %.1f kW",Pdo/1000) +printf("\n plate dissipation under modulated condition = %.2f kW",Pd/1000) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.76/Ex1_76.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.76/Ex1_76.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..304f6df51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.76/Ex1_76.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Ex 76 Page 414 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given +Zo=50;//ohm +VSWR=2;//ratio +//lm=0.2*lamda +lmBYlamda=0.2 +betaINTOlamda=2*%pi +rho=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);//reflection coefficient +theta=2*betaINTOlamda*lmBYlamda;//radian +//exp(j*theta)=cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta) +ZL=Zo*(1-rho*(cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta)))/(1+rho*(cos(theta)+%i*sin(theta)));//ohm +Rs=real(ZL);//ohm +Xs=abs(imag(ZL));//ohm(capacitive) +printf("\n Rs = %0.1f ohm",Rs) +printf("\n Xs = %0.1f ohm",Xs) +YL=(1/ZL)*1000;//mS +Rp=1000/real(YL);//ohm +Xp=1000/imag(YL);//ohm +printf("\n Rp = %0.1f ohm",Rp) +printf("\n Xp = %0.f ohm",Xp) + diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02ec842e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Ex 8 Page 348 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +Z1=(6.25+%i*1.25);//ohm +Z2=(5+%i*0);//ohm +//Z3=(5-%i*XC);//ohm +V=100;//V +f=50;//Hz +//Z23=(250+5*Xc**2)/(100+Xc**2)-%i*(25*Xc)/(100+Xc**2) +//for in phase condition imag part must be zero +//5*Xc**2-100*Xc+5*100=0 +A=[5 -100 500];//polynomal +XC=roots(A); +XC=XC(1);//ohm +C=1/(2*%pi*f*XC)*10**6;//uF +printf("Capacitance of XC = %.f uF",C) +Z=XC;//ohm +I=V/Z;//A +P=I**2*Z/1000;//kW +printf("\n Circuit current = %.f A and power = %.f kW",I,P) diff --git a/3745/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3745/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..787526e78 --- /dev/null +++ b/3745/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Ex 9 Page 349 + +clc;clear;close; +// Given + +omega_o=600;//rad/s +omega=400;//rad/s +R=3;//ohm +IBYIo=1/2;//ratio + + +fo=omega_o/2/%pi;//Hz +f=omega/2/%pi;//Hz +//I/Io=1/(sqrt(1+Q**2*(f/fo-fo/f)**2)) +Q=sqrt(1/IBYIo**2-1)/(fo/f-f/fo) +//Q=1/omega_0/R/C +C=1/omega_o/R/Q*10**6;//uF +//Q=omega_0*L/R +L=Q*R/omega_o*1000;//mH +printf("L = %.1f mH\n C=%.f uF",L,C) |