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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999
+//Example 13.8
+//OS=Windows XP sp3
+//Scilab version 5.5.2
+clc;
+clear;
+//given
+P=100e-9;//Optical power in W
+R=0.65;//Responsivity in A/W
+Rl=1000;//Value of load resistor in Ohms
+e=1.6e-19//Electronic charge in C
+kB=1.38e-23;//Boltzmann constant in SI Units
+Deltaf=100e6;//Detector bandwidth in Hz
+T=300;//Missing data- Temperature in K
+x=0.3;//Excess noise
+Id=0;//Since the dark current is neglected in the example
+
+Mop=(4*kB*T/(x*e*Rl*(R*P+Id)))^(1/(x+2));//Optimum value of internal gain corresponding to input optical power P
+mprintf("Mop= %.1f",Mop);//The answers vary due to round off error
+SNR=((Mop*R*P)^2)/(2*e*(Mop^(2+x))*(R*P+Id)*Deltaf+4*kB*T*Deltaf/Rl);//Corresponding Signal-to-noise ratio since x=0
+mprintf("\n SNR = %f",SNR);//The answers vary due to round off error
+mprintf("\n SNR in dB = %.2f dB",10*log10(SNR));//For conversion to dB
+//The answers vary due to round off error
+
+//Case (ii):
+M=1;//Internal gain corresponding to input optical power P
+SNR=((M*R*P)^2)/(2*e*(M^(2+x))*(R*P+Id)*Deltaf+4*kB*T*Deltaf/Rl);//Corresponding Signal-to-noise ratio since x=0
+mprintf("\n For M=1:");
+mprintf("\n SNR = %f",SNR);//The answers vary due to round off error
+mprintf("\n SNR in dB = %.2f dB",10*log10(SNR));//For conversion to dB
+//The answers vary due to round off error