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+// chapter 13
+// example 13.1
+// page 272
+
+Rc=4 // kilo ohm
+Vcc=10 // V
+Ib_zero=10d-3 // mA
+Ib_max=15d-3 // mA
+Ib_min=5d-3 // mA
+gain_beta=100
+
+Ic_zero=Ib_zero*gain_beta
+Ic_max=Ib_max*gain_beta
+Ic_min=Ib_min*gain_beta
+
+Vc_zero=Vcc-Ic_zero*Rc
+Vc_max=Vcc-Ic_max*Rc
+Vc_min=Vcc-Ic_min*Rc
+
+printf("As collector current increases from %.3f mA to %.3f mA \noutput voltage decreases from %.3f V to %.3f V \n",Ic_zero,Ic_max,Vc_zero,Vc_max)
+printf("As collector current decreases from %.3f mA to %.3f mA \noutput voltage increases from %.3f V to %.3f V \n",Ic_max,Ic_min,Vc_max,Vc_min)
+printf("Thus output voltage is 180 degrees out of phase from input voltage \n")
+
+printf("Note : \ni) input voltage and input current are in phase \nii) input voltage and output current are in phase \niii) output voltage is 180 degrees out of phase with input voltage\n")
+
+
+// plotting base current and collector current and output voltage in same graph using following code instead of xcos
+clf()
+x=linspace(0,2*%pi,100)
+ib=5*sin(x)+10
+ic=0.5*sin(x)+1
+vc=-4*sin(x)+6
+plot2d(x,ib,style=1,rect=[0,0,20,20])
+xtitle("base current(micro ampere) - Black                      collector current(mA) -  Blue                    output voltage(V) - Green                  ","t")
+plot2d(x,ic,style=2,rect=[0,0,20,20])
+plot2d(x,vc,style=3,rect=[0,0,20,20])