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+//scilab 5.4.1
+//Windows 7 operating system
+//chapter 8 Junction Transistors:Biasing and Amplification
+clc
+clear
+VBE=0.7//VBE=base emitter voltage
+b=120//b=dc current gain of the common emitter transistor
+VCC=15//VCC=collector supply voltage
+R1=72//R1=resistance in kilo ohms
+R2=8//R2=resistance in kilo ohms
+RL=2//RL=load resistance in kilo ohms
+Re=0.700//Re=resistance in kilo ohms connected to the emitter terminal
+RC=2//RC=resistance in kilo ohms connected to the collector terminal
+Rin=1.5//Rin=input resistance in kilo ohms of the amplifier
+vi=1//vi=amplitude of the ac input signal in mV
+VT=(R2*VCC)/(R1+R2)//VT=Thevenin equivalent voltage
+RT=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)//RT=Thevenin equivalent resistance
+//Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law to the base circuit
+//(IB*(RT+Re))+(IC*Re)=VT-VBE
+//IC=b*IB
+IB=(VT-VBE)/(RT+Re+(b*Re))//IB=base current
+IC=b*IB//IC=collector current
+format("v",5)
+//Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law to the collector circuit
+//(IC*(RL+Re))+(IB*Re)+VCE=VCC
+VCE=VCC-((IC*(RL+Re)))//VCE=collector emitter voltage(neglecting small term IB*RE)
+format("v",5)
+//Equation for DC load line is:
+//VCE=VCC-(RL+Re)*IC
+disp(" 1. For the DC load line")
+disp("The operating point Q is specified by")
+disp("mA",IC,"IC=")
+disp("V",VCE,"VCE=")
+disp("V",VCC,"The intercept of the dc load line on the VCE-axis(X-axis) is =")
+disp("mA",VCC/(RC+Re),"The intercept of the dc load line on the IC axis(Y-axis) is =")
+disp("The DC load line is the straight line joining above two intercepts.")
+Rac=(RL*RC)/(RL+RC)//Rac=ac load resistance
+disp(" 2. For the AC load line")
+disp("V",VCE+(IC*Rac),"The intercept of the ac load line on the VCE-axis(X-axis) is =")
+disp("The line joining the above intercept and the operating point Q extended to meet the IC axis(Y-axis) gives the AC load line")
+AV=-(b*Rac)/Rin//AV=voltage gain of the amplifier
+vo=abs(AV)*vi//vo=amplitude of the output voltage signal
+disp("mV",vo," 3. The amplitude of the output voltage vo is =")
+