diff options
Diffstat (limited to '2297')
55 files changed, 1214 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..112f2fd3d --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Example 2.1 :current +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',7) +// given : +//15*I1-5*I2=10 loop 1 equation +//20*I2-5*I1-5*I3=0 loop 2 equation +//10*I3-5*I2=0 loop 3 equation +vs=10;//voltage in volts +R1=10;//resistance in ohm +R2=5;//resistance in ohm +R3=10;//resistance in ohm +R4=5;//resistance in ohm +R5=4;//resistance in ohm +Ra=1;//resistance in ohm +A=[R1+R2 R2-R1 0;R2-R1 R2+R3+R4 -R4;R4-(R5+Ra) -R4 R4+R5+Ra];//making equations +nb=7;//number of branches +nn=5;//number of nodes +nl=nb-(nn-1);//number of loops +nvs=1;//number of voltage sources +nivs=nn-1-nvs;//number of independent voltage variables +B=[vs;0;0];//making equations +X=A\B;//solving equations +I3=X(3,1);//calculating currrent +disp(I3,"current in resistance Ra=1.0 ohm is ,(A)=") +//directions of the current are 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 respectively diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..260b191f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 2.10 :current equation +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',5) +v=100;//volts +r=50;//in ohms +l=0.1;//henry +c=50;//mf +d=poly(0,"d") +p=2*10^5+500*d+d^2; +x=roots(p) +c1=0;//at t=0 i=0 +c2=1000/imag(x(1,1));// +disp("it= "+string(c2)+"*e^"+string(real(x(1,1)))+"t*sin"+string(imag(x(1,1)))+"t A") + diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e276dc88 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// Example 2.11 :average & rms value +clc; +close; +format('v',6) +clear; +// given : +vm=10;//voltage in volts +e=vm/2;//voltage in volts +t=0:2;//time range +x=intsplin(t,(5*t)^2);//variab;e +rms=sqrt(x/2);//rms value of voltage in volts +av=vm/2;//average value of voltage in volts +disp("parts (a) saw tooth wave") +disp(rms,"rms value of e is ,(V)=") +disp(av,"average value of e is ,(V)=") +t1=0;//initial time in seconds +t2=%pi;//final time in seconds +t3=2*%pi;//time interval +x=integrate('(sin(t))^2','t',t1,t2);//variable +rms=sqrt((1/(2*%pi))*x*vm^2);//rms value of voltage in volts +av=(10/(2*%pi))*integrate('sin(t)','t',t1,t2);//average value of voltage in volts +disp("parts (b) half wave rectified sine wave form") +disp(rms,"rms value of e is ,(V)=") +disp(av,"average value of e is ,(V)=") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..18908668a --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 2.12 :Circuit constants +clc; +close; +format('v',6) +clear; +// given : +//v=194*cos(800*t+150)V Voltage equation +//I=11.6*cos(800*t+140)A Current equation +vm=194/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts +va=150;//angle in degree +im=11.6/sqrt(2);//current in amperes +ia=140;//angle in degree +zm=vm/im;//resistance in ohms +za=va-ia;//resistance in ohms +z1=zm*cosd(za);//reactance in ohms +z2=zm*sind(za);//reactance in ohms +z=z1+%i*z2;//resistance in ohms +disp("part (a)") +disp(z,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=") +disp("part (b)") +//v=6*sin(1000*t+45)V Voltage equation +//I=12*cos(1000t-90)A current equation +vm1=60/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts +va1=45;//angle in degree +im1=12/sqrt(2);//current in amperes +ia1=0;//angle in degree +zm1=vm1/im1;//resistance in ohms +za1=va1-ia1;//resistance in ohms +z11=zm1*cosd(za1);//reactance in ohms +z21=zm1*sind(za1);//reactance in ohms +z22=z11+%i*z21;//impedance in ohms +disp(z22,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2c16a6b17 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 2.13 :reading +clc; +close; +format('v',8) +clear; +// given : +v1=230;//voltage in volts +v2=100;//voltage in volts +v2=sqrt(v1^2-v2^2);//voltage in volts +v3=300;//voltage in volts +disp(v2,"reading V2 is,(V)") +disp("reading V4 is "+string(v3+v2)+" V or "+string(v3-v2)+" V") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d9ae88e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 2.14 :circuit elements +clc; +close; +format('v',6) +// given : +//v=311*sin(2500*t+170) V voltage equation +//I=15.5*sin(2500*t-145)A current equation +vm=311/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts +va=170;//angle in degree +im=15.5/sqrt(2);//current in amperes +ia=-145;//angle in degree +zm=vm/im;//resistance in ohms +za=(va-ia)-360;//resistance ohms +z1=zm*cosd(za);//resistance in ohms +z2=zm*sind(za);//resistance in ohms +z=z1+%i*z2;//resistance in ohms +t=2500;//time in seconds +c=(1/(real(z)*t));//capacitance in farads +disp(z,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=") +disp(c*10^6,"capacitance is ,(micro-farads)=") + diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba9f762b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Example 2.15 :parameters +clc; +close; +format('v',6) +// given : +z=40+%i*30;//resistance in ohms +zph=sqrt(real(z)^2+imag(z)^2);//resistance in ohms +pf=real(z)/zph;//power factor +v=400;//voltage in volts +vp=v/(sqrt(3));//voltage in volts +pc=vp/zph;//current in amperes +lv=v;//voltage in volts +lc=pc;//current om amperes +p=sqrt(3)*v*lc*pf;//power in watts +disp("part (a) Star") +disp(round(vp),"phase voltage,(V)=") +disp(round(pc),"phase current,(A)=") +disp(lv,"line voltage ,(V)=") +disp(lc,"line current,(A)=") +disp(p,"power ,(W)=") +z1=40+%i*30;//ohms +zph1=sqrt(real(z1)^2+imag(z1)^2);//ohms +pf1=real(z1)/zph1;//power factor +v1=400;//volts +vp1=v1;//volts +pc1=vp1/zph1;//amperes +lv1=v1;//volts +lc1=pc1*sqrt(3);//amperes +p1=sqrt(3)*v1*lc1*pf1;//watts +disp("part (b) Delta") +disp(round(vp1),"phase voltage,(V)=") +disp(round(pc1),"phase current,(A)=") +disp(lv1,"line voltage ,(V)=") +disp(lc1,"line current,(A)=") +disp(p1,"power ,(W)=") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3586610ac --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Example 2.2 :current +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +vs1=72;//voltage in volts +vs2=40;//voltage in volts +R1=36;//resistance in ohm +R2=10;//resistance in ohm +ig=2;//current in amperes +Rx=8;//resistance in ohm +//(va-72)/36+(va-40)/10 -2 +va/8=0 node equation at 1 +va=((R2*Rx*vs1)+(R1*Rx*vs2)+(R1*R2*Rx*ig))/((R2*Rx)+(R1*Rx)+(R1*R2));//voltage in volts +ix1=va/Rx;//current in amperes +//(R1+R2)*I1-R2*I2+vs2=vs1 loop equation 1 +//R2*I2-R2*I1+Ix*Rx=vs2 loop equation 2 +//Ix=I2+2 +A=[R1+R2 -R2;-R2 R2+Rx];//making equations +B=[vs1-vs2;vs2-2*Rx];//making equations +X=A\B;//solving equations +ix2=X(2,1)+ig;//current in amperes +disp(ix1,"current through Rx is(by node voltage method), (A)=") +disp(ix2,"current through Rx is (by loop current method),(A) =") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..402d0fa9f --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 2.3 :current +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',7) +// given : +vs1=10;//voltage in volts +i5=2;//current in amperes +i2=i5;//current +r1=1;//resistance in ohms +r2=5;//resistance in ohms +r3=5;//resistance in ohms +rl=10;//resistance in ohms +r4=5;//resistance ohms +//(r1+r2+r3)*i1-r2*i2-r3*i3=vs1 loop equaion 1 +//-r2*i1-(r1+r2)*i2+(rl+r2+r3)*i3=0 loop equation 2 +A=[4*(r1+r2+r3) -r2*4;-r2 (rl+r2+r3)];//making equations +B=[4*(vs1+r2*i2) ; i2*(r2+r3)];//making equations +X=A\B;//solving equations +il=i2-X(2,1);//calculating current +disp(il,"current through Rl is (from b to a),(A)=") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ee916e339 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Example 2.4 :current +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',7) +// given : +vs1=72;//voltage in volts +vs2=40;//voltage in volts +R1=36;//resistance in ohms +R2=10;//resistance in ohms +ig=2;//current in amperes +Rx=8;//resistance in ohms +disp("Applying Thevenins Theorem ") +//(vs1-voc)/R1+(v40-voc)/R2 +2 =0 node equation at 1 +voc=(R2*vs1+R1*vs2+R1*R2*ig)/(R1+R2);//voltage in volts +req=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);//resistance in ohms +ix1=(voc)/(req+Rx);//resistance in ohms +disp(ix1,"current through Rx is, (A)") +disp("Applying Nortons Theorem ") +Is=(vs1/R1)+(vs2/R2)+ig;//current in amperes +ix2=(req*(Is/(Rx+req)));//current in amperes +disp(ix2,"current through Rx is, (A) =") + diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f87c876a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Example 2.5 :Thevenin's and Norton's Equivalent +clc; +close; +format('v',7) +clear; +// given : +vs1=10;//voltage in volts +R1=50;//resistance in ohms +R2=50;//resistance in ohms +R3=25;//resistance in ohms +disp("(a) Applying Thevenins Theorem ") +voc=(R1/(R1+R2))*vs1;//voltage in volts +req=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))+R3;//resistance in ohms +disp(voc,"Thevenin equivalent open circuit voltage is, (V)=") +disp(t=req,"Thevenin equivalent resistance is,(Ohm)=") +disp("(b) Applying Nortons Theorem ") +Isc=((vs1)/(R1+(R1*R3)/(R1+R3)))*(R1/(R1+R3));// +req=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))+R3;//resistance in ohms +disp(Isc,"Norton short circuit current is,(A)=") +disp(t=req,"Norton equivalent resistance is,(Ohm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1122cc2f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 2.6 :current +clc; +close; +format('v',7) +clear; +// given : +vs1=10;//voltage volts +r1=100;//resistance in ohms +r2=600;//resistance in ohms +r3=150;//resistance in ohms +r4=850;//resistance in ohms +rx=50;//resistance in ohms +voc=vs1*((r3/(r1+r3))-(r4/(r2+r4)));//open circuit voltage in volts +req=((r1*r3)/(r1+r3))+((r2*r4)/(r2+r4));//equivalent resistance in ohms +ix=voc/(req+rx)*10^3;//current in amperes +disp(ix,"current through Rx is (from A to B),(mA)=") + diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..77cdea651 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 2.7 :Norton's Equivalent +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +vs1=40;//volts +vs2=20;//volts +r1=2;//resistance in ohms +r2=6;//resistance in ohms +r3=2;//resistance in ohms +r4=2;//resistance in ohms +iab=((r1*vs1)/(r2+(r1/2))*((r1+(r3/2))/(r1+r3)));//current in amperes +iab1=-vs2/r1;//current amperes +it=iab+iab1;//current amperes +req1=r1+((r1*r2)/(r1+r2));//equivalent resistance in ohms +req=(req1*r3)/(req1+r3);//equivalent resistance in ohms +disp(it,"current is,(A)") +disp(req,"equivalent resistance is,(ohm)=") + diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e6b47b2a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 2.8:equation of current and time +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',6) +// given : +v=100;//voltage in volts +r=100;//resistance in ohms +l=0.2;//inductance in henrty +T=1/(l/r);//calculating time in seconds +t=500;//time in micro seconds +i1=1-exp(-T*t*10^-6);//current in amperes +disp(i1,"current is (when t=500 micro seconds),(A)=") +v2=50;//voltage in volts +x=v2/r;//variab;e +x1=x*((v2/r)+i1);//variable +t1=t+(10^6*(x1/500));//time in seconds +disp(ceil(t1),"time at which current will be zero is,(micro-seconds)=") +//time is caluclated wrong in the textbook as they had not added the values diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9294e5725 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 2.9 :time +clc; +close; +format('v',6) +clear; +// given : +v=10;//voltage in volts +r1=500;//resistance in ohms +is=0;//current in amperes +r=700;//resistance in ohms +c=100;//capacitance in micro farads +x=1/(r*c*10^-6);//variable +i=30;//current in mA +y=(i*10^-3)-(v/r1);//variable +t=-((log(y*(r/v))));//time in seconds +t1=t/x;//time in seconds +disp(t1,"time is ,(seconds)=") + diff --git a/2297/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/2297/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d137bff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// Example 3.1;amper-turns +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +bt=[2;2.5;3.0];//making equations from Table +H=[400 ;600;800];//making equations from Tble +fsl=10^-3;//Flux in Wb +cal=4*10^-4;//area in m^2 +fdl=fsl/cal;//magnetic field in Tesla +hl=H(2);//AT/m +pll=0.57;//lenth in meter (path length 2345) +at2345=pll*hl;//ampere turns +fcl=2*10^-3;//magnetic field in Wb +fdcl=fcl/cal;//in Tesla +hcl=H(1);//in AT/m +lcl=169;//length in mm +atcl=(lcl*10^-3)*hcl;//ampere turns +l=1;//length mm +Hl=((4*%pi))*10^-7;//AT/m +atrg=fcl/Hl;//AT +tat=at2345+atcl+atrg;//total ampere turns +disp(tat,"total ampere-turns required is, (AT)=") + diff --git a/2297/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2297/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4f5ee78c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +// Example 3.2;Kb , Ke and hystresis and eddy current loss +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +f1=50;//frequency in Hz +f2=25;//frequency in Hz +p1=30.1;//power in W +p2=12.4;//power in W +A=[f1 f1^2;f2 f2^2];//making equations +B=[p1;p2];////making equations +X=A\B;//calculating parameters +disp("part (a) Kb and Ke") +disp(X(1,1),"Kh is") +disp(X(2,1),"Ke is") +h25=X(1,1)*f2;//calculating parameters +e25=X(2,1)*f2^2;//calculating parameters +h50=X(1,1)*f1;//calculating parameters +e50=X(2,1)*f1^2;//calculating parameters +disp("part (b) hystresis and eddy current loss ") +disp(h25,"hysteresis loss at 25 Hz is , (W)=") +disp(e25,"eddy current loss at 25 Hz is ,(W)=") +disp(h50,"hysteresis loss at 50 Hz is ,(W)=") +disp(e50,"eddy current loss at 50 Hz is ,(W)=") +W=40;//kg +h50=X(1,1)*f1;//calculating parameters +e50=X(2,1)*f1^2;//calculating parameters +disp("part (c) hystresis and eddy current loss ") +disp(h50/W,"hysteresis loss per kg at 50 Hz is ,(W)=") +disp(e50/W,"eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz is ,(W)=") diff --git a/2297/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2297/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..42a4c783d --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 3.3;hystresis loss per Kg +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +l=10;//lengh in mm +atm=200;//AT/m +a=4800;//area in m^2 +loss=atm*(l*10^-2)*(a/100);//loss in J/m^3/cycle +d=7.8*10^3;//kg/m^3 +vikg=1/d;//m^3 +loss1=loss*vikg;//J/cycle +f=50;//Hz +tl=loss1*f;//J/s +disp(tl,"hystersis loss is ,(W/kg)=") diff --git a/2297/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2297/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf67ff80a --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 3.4;amper-turns +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +r=150;//length in mm +t=12;//torque in N-m +f=t/(r*10^-3);//force in N +np=2;//no. of poles +fp=f/np;//force per pole in N +A=400;//area mm^2 +mu=4*%pi*10^-7;// +b=sqrt((fp*2*mu)/(A*10^-6));//magnetic field in Tesla +H=b/mu;//in AT/m +tar=2*0.6*10^-3;//length in meter +atr=H*tar;//AT +disp(atr,"ampere turn required is, (AT)=") +//answer is wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..39d953458 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 4.1;NUMBER OF TURNS +clc; +close; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +e1=2200;//voltage in volts +f=50;//frequency in Hz +e2=220;//voltage in volts +fd=1.6;//magnetic field in Tesla +a=3600;//area in mm^2 +n1=(e1/(4.44*f*fd*a*10^-6));//number of turns +n2=(e2/(4.44*f*fd*a*10^-6));//number of turns +disp(round(n1),"number of primary winding turns are") +disp(round(n2),"number of secondary winding turns are") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb8bc287a --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 4.2;components of no load currents,magnetising and working components of exciting current +clc; +close; +clear; +// given +format('v',6) +disp("part (a)") +nlw=2000;//no load input watts +pv=11000;//primary voltage +Iw=nlw/pv;//current in amperes +Io=0.6;//current in amperes +Imu=sqrt(Io^2-Iw^2);//current in amperes +disp(Iw,"iron loss current is, (A)=") +disp(Imu,"magnetising component is, (A)=") +pf=0.2;//power factpr +Io=0.5;//current in amperes +Iw=Io*(pf);//current in amperes +Imu=Io*sqrt(1-pf^2);//magnetising component in amperes +disp(" part (b)") +disp(Iw,"iron loss current is, (A)=") +disp(Imu,"magnetising component is, (A)=") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd93695dd --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 4.3;current +clc; +close; +clear; +// given +format('v',6) +pf1=0.866;//power factor +pf2=0.1736;//power factor +ph1=acosd(pf1);//phase angle in degree +ph2=acosd(pf2);//phase angle in degree +ir=120;//current in amperes +n2=110;//number of turns +n1=440;//number of turns +i2d=(n2/n1)*ir;//current in amperes +io=5;//current in amperes +aioi2=ph2-ph1;//change in angle in degree +i1=sqrt(io^2+i2d^2+(2*io*i2d*cosd(aioi2)));//current in amperes +disp(i1,"current is, (A)=") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9d6ae93f --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 4.4;core losses +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',6) +// given +f=50;//frquency in Hz +hl=650;//hystresis loss +edl=400;//eddy current loss +A=hl/f;//parameter +B=edl/f^2;//parameter +Ph=A*2*f;//loss in watts +Pe=B*(2*f)^2;//loss in watts +pt=Ph+Pe;//total loss in watts +disp(pt,"total core losses is,(W)") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dcd25347a --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 4.5;efficiency and load for maximum efficiency +clc; +close; +clear; +format('v',5) +// given +cl=125;//copper losses +fcl=2^2*cl;//full load copper losses +il=457;//iron losses +pf=0.8;//power factor +kba=30;//loss +disp("part (a)") +fle=((kba*pf)/((kba*pf)+(fcl+il)*10^-3))*100;//full load efficiency in % +disp(fle,"full load efficiency at 0.8 pf is,(%)=") +lme=kba*sqrt(il/fcl);//variable +pfl=(lme/kba)*100;//percentage of full load on which efficiency will be maximum +disp("part (b)") +disp(pfl,"percentage of full load on which efficiency will be maximum is,(%)=") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..430bdb15b --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +// Example 4.6;all day efficiency +clc; +close; +clear; +//given +format('v',5) +ef=0.98;//efficiency in % +kva=15;//kVA +pf=1;//power factor +op=kva*pf;//output power in kW +ip=op/ef;//input power in kW +loss=ip-op;//loss in kW +cl=(loss*10^3)/2;//copper loss in W +il=cl;//iron loss in W +t1=12;//time in hours +p1=2;//power in kW +pf1=0.5;//power factor +y1=(p1)/pf1;//kVA +il1=il*t1;//loss in Wh +cl1=cl*((y1)/kva)^2*t1;//copper loss in Wh +top1=p1*t1;//kWht1=12;//time in hours +t2=6;//time in hours +p2=12;//power in kW +pf2=0.8;//power factor +y2=(p2)/pf2;//kVA +il2=il*t2;//iron loss in Wh +cl2=cl*((y2/kva)^2)*t2;//copper loss in Wh +top2=p2*t2;//kWh +t3=6;//time in hours +il3=il*t3;//iron loss Wh +tol=top1+top2;//iron loss kWh +til=(il1+il2+il3)*10^-3;//total iron loss in kWh +tcl=(cl1+cl2)*10^-3;//total copper loss in kWh +ade=((tol)/(tol+til+tcl))*100;//efficiency in % +disp(ade,"all day efficiency is,(%)=") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb1dbee9c --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Example 4.7;iron losses +clc; +close; +clear; +//given +format('v',6) +kva=200;//kVA +pf=0.8;//power factor +rflo=kva*pf;//kW +ef=0.96;//efficiency +ip=rflo/ef;//kW +tl=ip-rflo;//kW +e2=800;//volts +e1=6600;//volts +n21=((e2/sqrt(3))/e1);//turn ratiom +r1=4;//ohms +r2=0.05;//ohms +roe=(r1)*n21^2+r2;//ohms +fli=((kva*10^3)/(sqrt(3)*e2));//amperes +fcl=3*fli^2*roe;//kW +il=tl-(fcl)*10^-3;//kW +disp(il,"iron losses is,(kW)=") diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e68b99610 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +// Example 4.8;resistance,reactances and impedances and copper losses +clc; +close; +clear; +//given +r1=3.45;//ohms +r2=0.009;//ohms +x1=5.2;//ohms +x2=0.015;//ohms +kva=100;//kVA +e1=8800;//volts +e2=440;//volts +i1=(kva*10^3)/e1;//in amperes +i2=(kva*10^3)/e2;//in amperes +k=e2/e1;//transformation ratio +ro1=r1+(r2/k^2);//ohms +xo1=x1+(x2/k^2);//ohms +ro2=r2+(k^2*r1);//ohms +xo2=k^2*xo1;//ohms +zo1=sqrt(ro1^2+xo1^2);//ohms +zo2=sqrt(ro2^2+xo2^2);//ohms +disp("part (a) ") +disp(ro1,"equivalent resistance referred to the primary is,(Ohm)=") +disp(xo1,"equivalent reactance referred to the primary is,(Ohm)=") +disp(ro2,"equivalent resistance referred to the secondary is,(Ohm)=") +disp(xo2,"equivalent reactance referred to the secondary is,(Ohm)=") +disp(zo1,"equivalent impedance referred to the primary is,(Ohm)=") +disp(zo2,"equivalent impedance referred to the secondary is,(Ohm)=") +disp("part (b) ") +tcl=i1^2*r1+i2^2*r2;//in watts +tcl1=i1^2*ro1;//in watts +tcl2=i2^2*ro2;//in watts +disp(tcl,"total copper losses considering individual resistance is,(W)=") +disp(tcl1,"total copper losses consdering equivalent resistance (for primary) is,(W)=") +disp(tcl2,"total copper losses consdering equivalent resistance (for secondary) is,(W)=") +//copper losses are caculated wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/2297/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..05e9e59c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +// Example 4.9;parameter of primary side ,regulation and efficiency +clc; +close; +clear; +//given +format('v',6) +po=100;//watts +v1=200;//volts +io=1;//amperes +ocpf=po/(v1*io);//open circuit power factor +sinpf=sqrt(1-ocpf^2);// +im=io*sinpf;//in amperes +iw=io*ocpf;//current in amperes +rm=v1/iw;//ohms +xm=v1/im;//in ohms +vs=15;//volts +ia=10;//amperes +zo2=vs/ia;//in ohms +wa=85;//watts +ro2=wa/(ia)^2;//ohms +e2=400;//volts +e1=200;//volts +k=e2/e1;//transformation ratio +zo1=zo2/k^2;//ohms +ro1=ro2/k^2;//ohms +xo1=sqrt(zo1^2-ro1^2);//ohms +disp(" part (a)") +disp(im,"magnetising component of no load current (Im) is,(A)=") +disp(iw,"working component of no load current (Iw) is,(A)=") +disp(rm,"resistance for primary side (Rm) is,(Ohm)=") +disp(xm,"reactance for primary ohms (Xm) is,(Ohm)=") +disp(xo1,"impedence for primary side (X01) is,(Ohm)=") +disp("part (b)") +kva=4000;//kVA +i2=kva/e2;//in amperes +xo2=sqrt(zo2^2-ro2^2);//ohms +pf=0.8;// power factor +vlag=i2*(ro2*pf+xo2*sqrt(1-pf^2));//in volts +prld=(vlag*po)/e2;// +vlag1=i2*(ro2*pf-xo2*sqrt(1-pf^2));//in volts +prld1=(vlag1*po)/e2;// +disp(prld,"percentage regulation on lagging load is,(%)=") +disp(prld1,"percentage regulation on leading load is,(%)=") +disp("part (c)") +cl=85;//copper losses +nloss=100;//no load losses +fll=cl+nloss;//full load losses +pf=0.8;//power factor +flo=kva*pf;//efficiency +effl=flo/(flo+fll);//efficiency +hll=(1/2)^2*cl+nloss;//loss in watts +op=(1/2)*kva*pf;//ouput power in watts +efhl=op/(hll+op);//efficiency at half load +disp(effl*100,"efficiency at full load is,(%)=") +disp(efhl*100,"efficiency at half load is,(%)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da8457116 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 5.1 : resistance +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',9) +n=50;//number of turns +B=1;//magnetic field in tesla +I=1;//current in amperes +L=4;//length in cm +d=3;//dia in cm +Td=n*B*I*L*d*10^-4;//torque in N-m +cd1=2.4*10^-4;//controlling torque +id=cd1/Td;//current in amperes +fsv=100;//full scale voltage +trv=fsv/id;//ohms +adr=10000;//ohms +r=trv-adr;//ohms +disp(r,"required resistance is,(ohm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abcdb5b55 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// Example 5.10;true resistance of the unknown resistor , percentage error and reading voltmeter +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +disp("part (i)") +ra=0.1;//ohms +vr=18;//voltage in volts +am=0.2;//current in amperes +apr=vr/am;//in ohms +rv=5000;//ohms +im=vr/rv;//amperes +rxi=am-(im);//in amperes +rx=vr/rxi;//ohms +disp(rx,"true value of resistance is,(Ohm)=") +per=((rx-apr)/rx)*100;//percentage error +disp("part (ii)") +disp(per,"percentage error is,(%)=") +rvv=am*(ra+rx);//reading of voltmeter +disp("part (iii)") +disp(rvv,"reading of voltmeter is,(V)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e0216f983 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +// Example 5.11;resistance +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',6) +im=10;//mA +i=100;//mA +m=i/im;//multiplying factor +rm=50;//ohms +rsh=rm/(m-1);//in ohms +disp("part (i)") +disp(rsh,"resistance of shunt (range 0-100mA) Rsh1 is,(Ohm)=") +i1=500;//mA +m1=i1/im;//multiplying factor +rm1=50;//ohms +rsh1=rm1/(m1-1);//in ohms +disp("part (ii)") +disp(rsh1,"resistance of shunt (range 0-500mA) Rsh2 is,(Ohm)=") +im2=1;//A +i2=100;//A +m2=i2/im2;//multiplying factor +rm2=50;//ohms +rsh2=rm2/(m2-1);//in ohms +disp("part (iii)") +disp(rsh2,"resistance of shunt (range 0-1A) Rsh2 is,(Ohm)=") +im3=1;//A +i3=500;//A +m3=i3/im3;//multiplying factor +rm3=50;//ohms +rsh3=rm3/(m3-1);//in ohms +disp("part (iv)") +disp(rsh3,"resistance of shunt (range 0-5A) Rsh2 is,(Ohm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7fae0c3c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 5.12;load power +clc; +clear; +format('v',6) +// given : +k=600;//in rev./kwh. +nr=5;//number of revolutions +t=20;//time in seconds +lp=(1/k)*nr*((60*60)/t);//power in kW +disp(lp,"load power is,(kW)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..384461c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// Example 5.2 : resistance +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',9) +fsf=20;//full scale deflection current in mA +v=200;//voltage in mV +ri=v/fsf;//resistance in ohms +x=199.98;//current in amperes +rsh=(v*10^-3)/x;//ohms +fs2=1000;//volts +trv=fs2/(fsf*10^-3);//ohms +rse=trv-ri;//reqquired resistance in ohms +disp(rse,"total resistance of the voltmeter is,(ohm)=") +//in the text book approximately value of resistance is taken as 50000 ohm diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c5fd29ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 5.3 : power factor +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',6) +w1=2000;//power in watts +w2=500;//power in watts +an=atand(sqrt(3)*(((w1-w2)/(w1+w2))));//angle in degree +disp("part (a)") +pf=cosd(an);//power factor +disp(pf,"power factor is ,=") +disp("part (b)") +w1=2000;//power in watts +w2=-500;//power in watts +an=atand(sqrt(3)*(((w1-w2)/(w1+w2))));//angle in degree +pf=cosd(an);//power factor +disp(pf,"power factor is ,=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1fbf05730 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Example 5.4;reading +clc; +clear; +disp("part (i)") +// given : +format('v',6) +vm=100;//volts +rc=10;//ohms +im=vm/rc;//amperes +t=0:2*%pi;//time rane +x=intsplin(t,(sin(t))^2);//variable +Irms=sqrt((1/(2*%pi))*im^2*x);//current in amperes +disp(Irms,"indication of moving iron instrument is,(A)=") +disp("part (ii)") +t1=0;//time interval +t2=%pi;//time inerval +x=integrate('sin(t)','t',t1,t2);//variable +Iav=(1/%pi)*x*(im/2);//current in amperes +disp(Iav,"indication of moving coil instrument is,(A)=") +//answer of part a is calculated wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d477d0710 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Example 5.5;reading +clc; +clear; +format('v',5) +// given : +fsd=100;//full scale division in amperes +fsd1=100;//full scale division in mA +csh=fsd-(fsd*10^-3);//difference in currents in amperes +rx=0.8;//resistance in ohms +r1=((fsd1*10^-3*rx)/csh);//resistance in ohms +rx1=1;//resistance in ohms +r2=((fsd1*10^-3*rx1)/csh);//resistance in ohms +em1=((rx*r1)/(rx+r1));//resistance in ohms +em2=((rx1*r2)/(rx1+r2));//resistance in ohms +crm1=((em2*10^4*fsd)/((em2*10^4)+(em1*10^4)));//current in amperes +crm2=((em1*10^4*fsd)/((em1*10^4)+(em2*10^4)));//current in amperes +disp(crm1,"current read by meter 1 is,(A)=") +disp(crm2,"current read by meter 2 is,(A)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..211ca3a89 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 5.6;multiplier and sensivity +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',6) +rm=50;//resistance in ohms +rsh=rm;//shunt resistance in ohms +it=2;//current in mA +erms=10;//rms voltage in volts +ede=0.45*erms;//voltage in volts +rd1=400;//resistance in ohms +x=(rm*rsh)/(rm+rsh);//resistance in ohms +r1=ede/(it*10^-3);//resistance in ohms +rs=r1-x-rd1;//resistance in ohms +disp("part (a)") +disp(rs,"multiplier resistance Rs is,(Ohm)=") +S=r1/erms;//sensivity in ohms/V +disp("part (b)") +disp(S,"sensivity is,(Ohm/V)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d280f268 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// Example 5.7;apparent resistance of the unknown resistor,actual resistance of the unknown resistor and percentage error +clc; +clear; +// given : +format('v',7) +v=200;//voltage in volts +i=5;//current in mA +tr=v/i;//resistance in kilo ohms +disp("part (a)") +disp(tr,"apparent resistance of unknown resistor is,(kilo-Ohm)=") +S=1000;//sensivity in ohms/V +V1=250;//voltage in volts +rv=V1*S*10^-3;//resistance in kilo ohms +rx=(V1*tr)/(V1-tr);//resistance in kilo ohms +disp("part (b)") +disp(rx,"actual resistance of unknown resistor is,(kilo-Ohm)=") +per=(rx-tr)/rx;//percentage error +disp("part (c)") +disp(per*100,"percentage error is,(%)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..686c51b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Example 5.8;resolution +clc; +clear; +format('v',6) +// given : +fsr=200;//full scale reading in volts +d=100;//number of divisions +sc=1/10;//scale +sd1=fsr/d;//one sccale divisions +R=sc*sd1;//resolution +disp(R,"resolution is, (V)=") diff --git a/2297/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/2297/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2e4f21618 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 5.9;resolution +clc; +clear; +format('v',6) +// given : +fsr=9.999;//full scale reading in volts +d=9999;//number of divisions +R=(1/d)*fsr*10^3;//resolution +disp(R,"resolution is ,(mV)=") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d2d61839 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 6.1// Terminal voltage +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +format('v',7) +Z=440;// number of lap +N=900;// revolutions in rpm +fi=0.07;//fluxin Wb +P=4;// number of pole +A=4;//constant +Ia=50;// armature current in Amperes +E=462;//voltage in V +E=(P*fi*Z*N)/(60*A);//general voltage in volts +R=0.002;// resistance in ohm +C=110;// conductors +Re=C*R;//resistance of each path in ohm +Ra=Re/A;//armature resistance in ohm +V=E-(Ia*Ra);//terminal voltage in volts +disp(V,"Terminal voltage,(V) = ") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a204483af --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 6.10// Speed ,motor speed,and frequency +clc; +clear; +close; +format ('v',8) +//given data : +disp("part (a)") +f=50;//frquency in Hz +P=4;// number of pole +Ns=(120*f)/P;//speed in rom +disp(Ns," The speed of rotating magnetic field,(rpm) = ") +disp("part (b)") +S=0.035;// slip +N=Ns*(1-S);//motor speed in rpm +disp(N,"Motor speed,(rpm) = ") +disp("part (c)") +S=0.04;// slip +F=S*f;//frequency in Hz +disp("Frequency "+string (F)+" Hz or "+string(120)+" rpm ") +disp("part (d)") +f=50;// in Hz +F=f;//frequency in Hz +disp(F,"Frequency of rotor current,(Hz) = ") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df6858248 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Example 6.11// current per phase and power factor +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +v1=100;//emf in volts +vi=v1/sqrt(3);//induced emf in volts +r1=1;//rotor resistance ohms per phase +r2=4;//rotor reactance ohms per phase +r=sqrt(r1^2+r2^2);//rotor impedence per phase +rcp=(vi/r);//rotor current per phase +pf=(1/r);//power factor +disp("part (a)") +disp(rcp,"rotor current per phase is,(A)=") +disp(pf,"power factor is,=") +r3=3;//ohms +r4=r1+r3;//rotor resistance ohms per phase +r2=4;//rotor reactance ohms per phase +r=sqrt(r4^2+r2^2);//rotor impedence per phase +rcp=(vi/r);//rotor current per phase +pf=(r4/r);//power factor +disp("part (b)") +disp(rcp,"rotor current per phase is,(A)=") +disp(pf,"power factor is,=") + diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8d02b21c --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Example 6.12// emf +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',7) +disp("part (a) generator ") +kva=4;//kVA +v=110;//volts +re=3;//syncronous reacrance in ohms +ip=((kva*10^3)/(sqrt(3)*v));//phase current in Amperes +ep=v/(sqrt(3));//phase voltage in volts +e1=ep+%i*(ip*3);//line voltage in volts +e11=sqrt((real(e1)^2)+imag(e1)^2);//line voltage per phase in volts +pf=0.8;//power factor +e12=(sqrt((real(e1)*pf)^2+(((imag(e1)*sqrt(1-pf^2))+imag(e1)))^2));// +e13=(sqrt((real(e1)*pf)^2+(((imag(e1)*sqrt(1-pf^2))-imag(e1)))^2));// +disp(e11,"emf when the armature current is full load unit pf is,(V)=") +disp(e12,"emf when the armature current is full load 0.8 pf (lag) is,(V)=") +disp(e13,"emf when the armature current is full load 0.8 pf (lead) is,(V)=") +disp("part (b) motor") +kva=4;//kVa +v=110;//volts +re=3;//syncronous reacrance in ohms +ip=((kva*10^3)/(sqrt(3)*v));//phase current in Amperes +ep=v/(sqrt(3));//phase voltage in volts +e1=ep-%i*(ip*3);//line voltage in volts +e11=sqrt((real(e1)^2)+imag(e1)^2);//line voltage per phase in volts +pf=0.8;//power factor +e12=(sqrt((real(e1)*pf)^2+(((imag(e1)*sqrt(1-pf^2))-imag(e1)))^2));// +e13=(sqrt((real(e1)*pf)^2+(((imag(e1)*sqrt(1-pf^2))+imag(e1)))^2));// +disp(e11,"emf when the armature current is full load unit pf is,(V)=") +disp(e12,"emf when the armature current is full load 0.8 pf (lag) is,(V)=") +disp(e13,"emf when the armature current is full load 0.8 pf (lead) is,(V)=") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a43c0409d --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 6.2// e.m.f +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +//given data : +V=200;//voltage +Ra=0.1;//resistance in ohm +Ia=50;//armature current in Amperes +E=V+(Ia*Ra);//generator voltage in volts +Eb=V-(Ia*Ra);//motor voltage in volts +disp(E,"emf when machine acts as generator,(V) = ") +disp(Eb,"emf when machine acts as motor,(V) = ") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..19acbd9b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 6.3// spped ,torque and efficiency +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +v=200;//voltage in volts +r=100;//resistance in ohms +ish=v/r;//shunt current in amperes +i=4;//current in amperes +nla=i-ish;//no load armature current in amperes +w=8;//powerin kW +ifl=(w*10^3)/v;//full load current in amperes +fla=ifl-ish;//full load armature current in amperes +r1=0.6;//internal resistance in ohms +ebo=(v-(ish*r1));//voltage in volts +eb=(v-(fla*r1));//voltage in volts +no=700;//number of rpm +n=no*(eb/ebo);//number of rpm +ta=((eb*fla*60)/(2*n));//armature torque in N-m +nlpi=v*i;//no load power input in watts +cl=(ish^2*r1);//copper losses in watts +cl=nlpi-cl;//total copper lossses in Watts +flacl=(fla^2*r1);//full load armmature copper losses in Watts +tfll=flacl+cl;//total full load losses in Watts +flo=(w*10^3)-tfll;//full load output in Watts +ef=((flo)/(w*10^3))*100;//efficiency +disp(n,"speed is,(rpm)=") +disp(ta,"armature torque is, (N-m)=") +disp(ef,"full load motor efficiency is ,(%)=") +//armature torque is calculated wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a1205a99 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 6.4// speed +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +format('v',6) +fi=0.02// flux in Wb +P=4;// number of poles +A=2;//constant +Z=151*A;//turns +V=200;// in volts +Rsh=50;//shunt resistance in ohm +Ra=0.01;// armature resistance in ohm +Pr=40000;//power required in Watts +Il=Pr/V;//load current in amperes +Ish=V/Rsh;//shunt current in amperes +Ia=Il+Ish;//armature current in amperes +E=V+(Ia*Ra);//generated voltage +N=(60*A*E)/(fi*P*Z);//rpm +disp(N,"The speed of the machine,(rpm) = ") +//answer is wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..33ff15100 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 6.5// Power +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +format('v',6) +fp=0.024;// flux per pole +lf=1.2;// leakage factor +fi=fp/lf;// in Wb +Z=756;//turns +P=4;// number of pole +N=1000;// in rpm +A=4;//constant +E=(fi*Z*N*P)/(60*A);//generated voltage +il=1/10;//load current in amperes +ish=1/100;//shunt current in amperes +ra=1;//armature resistance in ohms +is=il+ish;//current in amperes +v=((E)/(1+(ra*is)));//volts +r2=10;//ohms +il=v/r2;//amperes +pc=il*v;//Watts +disp(pc,"Power consumed is,(W)=") +//answer is wrong in the textbook diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c4f33043d --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Example 6.6: e.m.f ,copper losses ,output of the prime mover ,commercial, mechanical and electrical efficiencies +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +//given data : +Il=190;//load current in Amperes +V=250;// voltage in volts +Ra=0.02;//armature resistance in ohm +Rsh=25;//shunt resistance in ohm +Ish=V/Rsh;//shunt current in amperes +Ia=Ish+Il;//armature current in amperes +E=V+(Ia*Ra);//generated voltage +disp("part (a)") +disp(E,"emf genereted,(V) = ") +Cl=(Ia^2*Ra);// armeture copper losses +Sl=Ish*V;// shunt copper losses +T=(Cl+Sl)*10^-3;//copper losses in k-Watt +disp("part (b)") +disp(T,"Total copper losses,(kW) = ") +Eo=V*Il;//output voltage in volts +I_l=950;//iron loss in watt +O=Eo+I_l+(T*10^3);//output in watt +disp(O,"Output of the prime mover,(W) = ") +Ep=O-I_l;// electrical power in W +Me=(Ep/O)*100;//Mechanical efficiency +disp("part (c)") +disp(Me,"Mechanical efficiency,(%) = ") +Ee=(Eo/Ep)*100;//Electrical efficiency +disp(Ee,"Electrical efficiency,(%) = ") +Ce=(Eo/O)*100;//Commercial efficiency +disp(Ce,"Commercial efficiency,(%) = ") + diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9a4a3356 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 6.7// resistance +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +n=1000;//turns in rpm +ra=0.3;//armature resistance in ohms +rf=40;//field resistance in ohms +it=5;//field current in amperes +if1=4;//field current in amperes +e1=220;//emf in volts +e2=200;//emf in volts +ia=35;//armature current in amperes +eb=(e1-(ia*ra));//emf in volts +x=((eb-e2)/(it*if1));//additional field current in amperes +ce=e1-e2;//change in emf in volts +ix=if1+x;//total current in amperes +rt=(e1/ix);//total resistance in ohms +adr=rt-rf;//additional resistance required in ohms +disp(adr,"additional resistance required is,(Ohm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6c88f4dd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Example 6.8// resistance and speed +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',7) +v1=240;//primary voltage +r1=0.2;//primary resistance in ohm +i1=40;//primary current in volts +eb1=(v1-i1*r1);//primary emf +n11=1800;//number of turns on primary side in rpm +n21=1600;//number of turns on secondary side in rpm +i2=10;//secondary current in amperes +x=((n21/n11)*(i2/i1)*eb1);//variable +r=((v1-(i2*r1))-x)/i2;//resistance in ohm +disp("part (a)") +disp(r,"resistance to be added is,(Ohm)=") +disp("part (b)") +n11=1800;//number of turns on primary side +n21=900;//number of turns on secondary side in rpm +i2=60;//secondary current in amperes +x=((n21/n11)*(1.18)*eb1);//variable +r=((v1-(i2*r1))-x)/i2;//resistance in ohms +disp(r,"resistance to be added is,(Ohm)=") +eb2=228;//secondary emf in volts +eb1=232;//primary emf in volts +p1=100;//primary power in watt +p2=118;//secondary power in watt +n2=((eb2/eb1)*(p1/p2)*n11);//speed in rpm +disp(ceil(n2),"speed is,(rpm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/2297/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8df637c42 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 6.9// speed +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +i1=50;//primary current in amperes +i2=i1/(sqrt(2));//secondary current in amperes +r1=0.2;//primary resistance in ohms +v1=220;//primary voltage in volts +eb1=((v1-(i1*r1)));//primary emf in volts +eb2=((v1-(i2*r1)));//secondary emf in volts +n1=1000//primary speed in rpm +n2=(n1*(eb2/eb1)*(i1/i2));//seconadry speed in rpm +disp(n2,"speed is,(rpm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/2297/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0453f5678 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 7.1// width and length +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +vph=400;//phase voltage in volts +n=3;//number of phase +kw=36;//power in kW +r=((vph^2)/(n*((kw*10^3)/n)));//resistance in ohms +p=1.016*10^-6;//resitivity +t=0.3;//thickness in mm +x=(((r*t*10^-3)/(p)));//variable +t1=1000;//initial temperature in degree celsius +t1k=273+t1;//initial temperature in kelvin +t2=650;//final temperature in degree celsius +t2k=273+t2;//final temperature in kelvin +h=((3*10^4)*((t1k/1000)^4-(t2k/1000)^4));//W/m^2 +y=((kw*10^3)/(3*2*h));//variable +l=sqrt(x*y);//length in meter +w=y/l;//width in meter +disp(l,"length is,(m)=") +disp(w*10^3,"width is,(mm)=") diff --git a/2297/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/2297/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ee18e4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 7.2// power required +clc; +clear; +close; +format('v',6) +l=0.2;//length in meter +w=0.1;//width in meter +th=25;//thickness in mm +vw=l*w*th*10^-3;//volume in m^3 +ww=600;//weight of wood in kg/m^3 +ww1=vw*ww;//weight of wood kg +shw=1500;//specific heat of wood in J/kg/degree celsius +t=200;//temperature in degree celsius +rg=t*shw*ww1;//energy in joules +h=(rg/(3.6*10^3));//Wh +t=15;//time in minutes +pr=h*(60/t);//power required in Watt +disp(pr,"power required is,(W)=") diff --git a/2297/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/2297/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bfec38c49 --- /dev/null +++ b/2297/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 7.3// voltage and current +clc; +clear; +close; +l=0.2;//length meter +w=0.1;//width in meter +th=25;//thickness in mm +vw=l*w*th*10^-3;//volume of wood in m^3 +ww=600;//weight of wood in kg/m^3 +ww1=vw*ww;//weight of wood kg +shw=1500;//specific heat of wood in J/kg/degree celsius +t=200;//temperature in degree celsius +rg=t*shw*ww1;//energy in joules +h=(rg/(3.6*10^3));//Wh +t=15;//time in minutes +pr=h*(60/t);//power required in Watt +eo=8.854*10^-12;//permittivity constant +er=5;//permittivity of wood +c=((eo*er*l*w)/(th*10^-3));//capacitance in Farads +f=50;//frequency in MHz +pf=0.5;//power factor +ph=acosd(pf);//phase angle degree +v=sqrt((pr)/(c*2*%pi*f*10^6*0.05));//voltage in volts +disp(round(v),"voltage is ,(V)=") +ic=v*2*%pi*f*10^6*c;//current in amperes +disp(ic,"current is,(A)=") |