15 files changed, 328 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..112f2fd3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Example 2.1 :current
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+format('v',7)
+// given :
+//15*I1-5*I2=10 loop 1 equation
+//20*I2-5*I1-5*I3=0 loop 2 equation
+//10*I3-5*I2=0 loop 3 equation
+vs=10;//voltage in volts
+R1=10;//resistance in ohm
+R2=5;//resistance in ohm
+R3=10;//resistance in ohm
+R4=5;//resistance in ohm
+R5=4;//resistance in ohm
+Ra=1;//resistance in ohm
+A=[R1+R2 R2-R1 0;R2-R1 R2+R3+R4 -R4;R4-(R5+Ra) -R4 R4+R5+Ra];//making equations
+nb=7;//number of branches
+nn=5;//number of nodes
+nl=nb-(nn-1);//number of loops
+nvs=1;//number of voltage sources
+nivs=nn-1-nvs;//number of independent voltage variables
+B=[vs;0;0];//making equations
+X=A\B;//solving equations
+I3=X(3,1);//calculating currrent
+disp(I3,"current in resistance Ra=1.0 ohm is ,(A)=")
+//directions of the current are 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 respectively
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..260b191f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.10 :current equation
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+// given :
+format('v',5)
+v=100;//volts
+r=50;//in ohms
+l=0.1;//henry
+c=50;//mf
+d=poly(0,"d")
+p=2*10^5+500*d+d^2;
+x=roots(p)
+c1=0;//at t=0 i=0
+c2=1000/imag(x(1,1));//
+disp("it= "+string(c2)+"*e^"+string(real(x(1,1)))+"t*sin"+string(imag(x(1,1)))+"t A")
+
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e276dc88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Example 2.11 :average & rms value
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',6)
+clear;
+// given :
+vm=10;//voltage in volts
+e=vm/2;//voltage in volts
+t=0:2;//time range
+x=intsplin(t,(5*t)^2);//variab;e
+rms=sqrt(x/2);//rms value of voltage in volts
+av=vm/2;//average value of voltage in volts
+disp("parts (a) saw tooth wave")
+disp(rms,"rms value of e is ,(V)=")
+disp(av,"average value of e is ,(V)=")
+t1=0;//initial time in seconds
+t2=%pi;//final time in seconds
+t3=2*%pi;//time interval
+x=integrate('(sin(t))^2','t',t1,t2);//variable
+rms=sqrt((1/(2*%pi))*x*vm^2);//rms value of voltage in volts
+av=(10/(2*%pi))*integrate('sin(t)','t',t1,t2);//average value of voltage in volts
+disp("parts (b) half wave rectified sine wave form")
+disp(rms,"rms value of e is ,(V)=")
+disp(av,"average value of e is ,(V)=")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..18908668a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example 2.12 :Circuit constants
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',6)
+clear;
+// given :
+//v=194*cos(800*t+150)V Voltage equation
+//I=11.6*cos(800*t+140)A Current equation
+vm=194/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts
+va=150;//angle in degree
+im=11.6/sqrt(2);//current in amperes
+ia=140;//angle in degree
+zm=vm/im;//resistance in ohms
+za=va-ia;//resistance in ohms
+z1=zm*cosd(za);//reactance in ohms
+z2=zm*sind(za);//reactance in ohms
+z=z1+%i*z2;//resistance in ohms
+disp("part (a)")
+disp(z,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=")
+disp("part (b)")
+//v=6*sin(1000*t+45)V  Voltage equation
+//I=12*cos(1000t-90)A current equation
+vm1=60/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts
+va1=45;//angle in degree
+im1=12/sqrt(2);//current in amperes
+ia1=0;//angle in degree
+zm1=vm1/im1;//resistance in ohms
+za1=va1-ia1;//resistance in ohms
+z11=zm1*cosd(za1);//reactance in ohms
+z21=zm1*sind(za1);//reactance in ohms
+z22=z11+%i*z21;//impedance in ohms
+disp(z22,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c16a6b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Example 2.13 :reading
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',8)
+clear;
+// given :
+v1=230;//voltage in volts
+v2=100;//voltage in volts
+v2=sqrt(v1^2-v2^2);//voltage in volts
+v3=300;//voltage in volts
+disp(v2,"reading V2 is,(V)")
+disp("reading V4 is "+string(v3+v2)+" V or "+string(v3-v2)+" V")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d9ae88e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Example 2.14 :circuit elements
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',6)
+// given :
+//v=311*sin(2500*t+170) V voltage equation
+//I=15.5*sin(2500*t-145)A current equation
+vm=311/sqrt(2);//voltage in volts
+va=170;//angle in degree
+im=15.5/sqrt(2);//current in amperes
+ia=-145;//angle in degree
+zm=vm/im;//resistance in ohms
+za=(va-ia)-360;//resistance ohms
+z1=zm*cosd(za);//resistance in ohms
+z2=zm*sind(za);//resistance in ohms
+z=z1+%i*z2;//resistance in ohms
+t=2500;//time in seconds
+c=(1/(real(z)*t));//capacitance in farads
+disp(z,"Impedance is ,(Ohm)=")
+disp(c*10^6,"capacitance is ,(micro-farads)=")
+
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba9f762b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Example 2.15 :parameters
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',6)
+// given :
+z=40+%i*30;//resistance in ohms
+zph=sqrt(real(z)^2+imag(z)^2);//resistance in ohms
+pf=real(z)/zph;//power factor
+v=400;//voltage in volts
+vp=v/(sqrt(3));//voltage in volts
+pc=vp/zph;//current in amperes
+lv=v;//voltage in volts
+lc=pc;//current om amperes
+p=sqrt(3)*v*lc*pf;//power in watts
+disp("part (a) Star")
+disp(round(vp),"phase voltage,(V)=")
+disp(round(pc),"phase current,(A)=")
+disp(lv,"line voltage ,(V)=")
+disp(lc,"line current,(A)=")
+disp(p,"power ,(W)=")
+z1=40+%i*30;//ohms
+zph1=sqrt(real(z1)^2+imag(z1)^2);//ohms
+pf1=real(z1)/zph1;//power factor
+v1=400;//volts
+vp1=v1;//volts
+pc1=vp1/zph1;//amperes
+lv1=v1;//volts
+lc1=pc1*sqrt(3);//amperes
+p1=sqrt(3)*v1*lc1*pf1;//watts
+disp("part (b) Delta")
+disp(round(vp1),"phase voltage,(V)=")
+disp(round(pc1),"phase current,(A)=")
+disp(lv1,"line voltage ,(V)=")
+disp(lc1,"line current,(A)=")
+disp(p1,"power ,(W)=")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3586610ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Example 2.2 :current
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+// given :
+vs1=72;//voltage in volts
+vs2=40;//voltage in volts
+R1=36;//resistance in ohm
+R2=10;//resistance in ohm
+ig=2;//current in amperes
+Rx=8;//resistance in ohm
+//(va-72)/36+(va-40)/10 -2 +va/8=0 node equation at 1
+va=((R2*Rx*vs1)+(R1*Rx*vs2)+(R1*R2*Rx*ig))/((R2*Rx)+(R1*Rx)+(R1*R2));//voltage in volts
+ix1=va/Rx;//current in amperes
+//(R1+R2)*I1-R2*I2+vs2=vs1 loop equation 1
+//R2*I2-R2*I1+Ix*Rx=vs2 loop equation 2
+//Ix=I2+2
+A=[R1+R2 -R2;-R2 R2+Rx];//making equations
+B=[vs1-vs2;vs2-2*Rx];//making equations
+X=A\B;//solving equations
+ix2=X(2,1)+ig;//current in amperes
+disp(ix1,"current through Rx is(by node voltage method), (A)=")
+disp(ix2,"current through Rx is (by loop current method),(A) =")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..402d0fa9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Example 2.3 :current
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+format('v',7)
+// given :
+vs1=10;//voltage in volts
+i5=2;//current in amperes
+i2=i5;//current
+r1=1;//resistance in ohms
+r2=5;//resistance in ohms
+r3=5;//resistance in ohms
+rl=10;//resistance in ohms
+r4=5;//resistance ohms
+//(r1+r2+r3)*i1-r2*i2-r3*i3=vs1 loop equaion 1
+//-r2*i1-(r1+r2)*i2+(rl+r2+r3)*i3=0 loop equation 2
+A=[4*(r1+r2+r3) -r2*4;-r2 (rl+r2+r3)];//making equations
+B=[4*(vs1+r2*i2) ; i2*(r2+r3)];//making equations
+X=A\B;//solving equations
+il=i2-X(2,1);//calculating current
+disp(il,"current through Rl is (from b to a),(A)=")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ee916e339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Example 2.4 :current
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+format('v',7)
+// given :
+vs1=72;//voltage in volts
+vs2=40;//voltage in volts
+R1=36;//resistance in ohms
+R2=10;//resistance in ohms
+ig=2;//current in amperes
+Rx=8;//resistance in ohms
+disp("Applying Thevenins Theorem ")
+//(vs1-voc)/R1+(v40-voc)/R2 +2 =0 node equation at 1
+voc=(R2*vs1+R1*vs2+R1*R2*ig)/(R1+R2);//voltage in volts
+req=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2);//resistance in ohms
+ix1=(voc)/(req+Rx);//resistance in ohms
+disp(ix1,"current through Rx is, (A)")
+disp("Applying Nortons Theorem ")
+Is=(vs1/R1)+(vs2/R2)+ig;//current in amperes
+ix2=(req*(Is/(Rx+req)));//current in amperes
+disp(ix2,"current through Rx is, (A) =")
+
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f87c876a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Example 2.5 :Thevenin's and Norton's Equivalent
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',7)
+clear;
+// given :
+vs1=10;//voltage in volts
+R1=50;//resistance in ohms
+R2=50;//resistance in ohms
+R3=25;//resistance in ohms
+disp("(a) Applying Thevenins Theorem ")
+voc=(R1/(R1+R2))*vs1;//voltage in volts
+req=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))+R3;//resistance in ohms
+disp(voc,"Thevenin equivalent open circuit voltage is, (V)=")
+disp(t=req,"Thevenin equivalent resistance is,(Ohm)=")
+disp("(b) Applying Nortons Theorem ")
+Isc=((vs1)/(R1+(R1*R3)/(R1+R3)))*(R1/(R1+R3));//
+req=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))+R3;//resistance in ohms
+disp(Isc,"Norton short circuit current is,(A)=")
+disp(t=req,"Norton equivalent resistance is,(Ohm)=")
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1122cc2f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.6 :current
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',7)
+clear;
+// given :
+vs1=10;//voltage volts
+r1=100;//resistance in ohms
+r2=600;//resistance in ohms
+r3=150;//resistance in ohms
+r4=850;//resistance in ohms
+rx=50;//resistance in ohms
+voc=vs1*((r3/(r1+r3))-(r4/(r2+r4)));//open circuit voltage in volts
+req=((r1*r3)/(r1+r3))+((r2*r4)/(r2+r4));//equivalent resistance in ohms
+ix=voc/(req+rx)*10^3;//current in amperes
+disp(ix,"current through Rx is (from A to B),(mA)=")
+
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77cdea651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Example 2.7 :Norton's Equivalent
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+// given :
+vs1=40;//volts
+vs2=20;//volts
+r1=2;//resistance in ohms
+r2=6;//resistance in ohms
+r3=2;//resistance in ohms
+r4=2;//resistance in ohms
+iab=((r1*vs1)/(r2+(r1/2))*((r1+(r3/2))/(r1+r3)));//current in amperes
+iab1=-vs2/r1;//current amperes
+it=iab+iab1;//current amperes
+req1=r1+((r1*r2)/(r1+r2));//equivalent resistance in ohms
+req=(req1*r3)/(req1+r3);//equivalent resistance in ohms
+disp(it,"current is,(A)")
+disp(req,"equivalent resistance is,(ohm)=")
+
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6b47b2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Example 2.8:equation of current and time
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+format('v',6)
+// given :
+v=100;//voltage in volts
+r=100;//resistance in ohms
+l=0.2;//inductance in henrty
+T=1/(l/r);//calculating time in seconds
+t=500;//time in micro seconds
+i1=1-exp(-T*t*10^-6);//current in amperes
+disp(i1,"current is (when t=500 micro seconds),(A)=")
+v2=50;//voltage in volts
+x=v2/r;//variab;e
+x1=x*((v2/r)+i1);//variable 
+t1=t+(10^6*(x1/500));//time in seconds
+disp(ceil(t1),"time at which current will be zero is,(micro-seconds)=")
+//time is caluclated wrong in the textbook as they had not added the values
diff --git a/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9294e5725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2297/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Example 2.9 :time
+clc;
+close;
+format('v',6)
+clear;
+// given :
+v=10;//voltage in volts
+r1=500;//resistance in ohms
+is=0;//current in amperes
+r=700;//resistance in ohms
+c=100;//capacitance in micro farads
+x=1/(r*c*10^-6);//variable
+i=30;//current in mA
+y=(i*10^-3)-(v/r1);//variable
+t=-((log(y*(r/v))));//time in seconds
+t1=t/x;//time in seconds
+disp(t1,"time is ,(seconds)=")
+