5 files changed, 121 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2063/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce b/2063/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b267dfe8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2063/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+clear
+//Input data
+P1=12;//Pressure of Dry saturated steam entering a steam nozzle in bar
+P2=1.5;//Discharge pressure of Dry saturated steam in bar
+f=0.95;//Dryness fraction of the discharged steam
+l=12;//Heat drop lost in friction in percentage
+hg1=2784.8;//Specific enthalpy of steam at 12 bar from steam tables in kJ/kg
+hg2=2582.3;//Specific enthalpy of 0.95 dry steam at 1.5 bar from steam tables in kJ/kg
+
+//Calculations
+hd=hg1-hg2;//Heat drop in kJ/kg
+V1=44.72*(hd)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at discharge from the nozzle in m/s
+n=1-(l/100);//Nozzle coefficient when 12 percent heat drop is lost in friction
+V2=44.72*(n*hd)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam in m/s
+percentV=((V1-V2)/V1)*100;//Percentage reduction in velocity
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Final velocity of steam is %3.1f m/s\n (b)Percentage reduction in velocity is %3.2f percent',V1,percentV)
diff --git a/2063/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce b/2063/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bf9ec523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2063/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clc
+clear
+//Input data
+P1=12;//Initial pressure of dry saturated steam expanded in a nozzle in bar
+P2=0.95;//Final pressure of dry saturated steam expanded in a nozzle in bar
+f=10;//Frictional loss in the nozzle of the total heat drop in percentage
+d=12;//Exit diameter of the nozzle in mm
+hd=437.1;//Heat drop in kJ/kg from steam tables
+q=0.859;//Dryness fraction of steam at discharge pressure
+vg=1.777;//Specific volume of dry saturated steam at 0.95 bar
+
+//Calculations
+n=1-(f/100);//Nozzle coefficient from moiller chart
+V2=44.72*(n*hd)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at nozzle exit in m/s
+A=(3.14/4)*(0.012)^(2);//Area of the nozzle at the exit in mm^2
+m=((A*V2)/(q*vg))*3600;//Mass of steam discharged through the nozzle per hour in kg/hour
+
+//Output
+printf('The mass of steam discharged,when the exit diameter of the nozzle is 12mm is %3.1f kg/hour',m)
diff --git a/2063/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce b/2063/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f6f00c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2063/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+clc
+clear
+//Input data
+P1=12;//Inlet pressure of steam nozzle in bar
+T1=250;//Inlet temperature of steam nozzle in degrees celcius
+P2=2;//Final pressure of the steam nozzle in bar
+n=1.3;//Polytropic constant for superheated steam
+St=6.831;//For isentropic expansion, entropy remains constant in kJ/kg
+h1=2935.4//Enthalpy of steam at P1 from steam table in kJ/kg
+ht=2860;//Enthalpy of steam at pt in kJ/kg
+vt=0.325;//Specific volume of steam at the throat conditions in m^3/kg
+m=0.2;//Mass of steam discharged through the nozzle in kg/hour
+q=0.947;//The dryness fraction of steam at exit from steam tables
+hg=2589.6;//Enthalpy of steam at exit in kJ/kg
+vs=0.8854;//Specific volume of saturated steam in m^3/kg
+
+//Calculations
+pt=(P2/(n+1))^(n/(n-1))*P1;//Critical pressure ratio i.e.,Throat pressure in bar
+Vt=(2*1000*(h1-ht))^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at throat in m/s
+At=((m*vt)/Vt)*10^4;//Area of the throat in cm^2 from continuity equation
+ve=q*vs;//Specific volume of steam at exit in m^3/kg
+Ve=(2*1000*(h1-hg))^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at nozzle exit in m/s
+Ae=((m*ve)/Ve)*10^4;//Exit area in cm^2
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Throat area of steam nozzle is %3.3f cm^2\n (b)Exit area of steam nozzle is %3.3f cm^2\n (c)Exit velocity of the nozzle is %3.1f m/s',At,Ae,Ve)
diff --git a/2063/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce b/2063/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e1990333e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2063/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc
+clear
+//Input data
+P1=10;//Pressure of steam in bar
+f=0.9;//Dryness fraction of steam
+At=350;//Throat area in mm^2
+Pb=1.4;//Back pressure in bar
+h1=2574.8;//Enthalpy of steam at nozzle inlet from steam tables in kJ/kg
+ft=0.87;//Dryness fraction of steam at throat pressure
+fe=0.81;//Dryness fraction of steam at exit pressure
+ht=2481;//Enthalpy of steam at throat pressure at ft in kJ/kg
+vt=0.285;//Specific volume of steam at throat in m^3/kg
+he=2266.2;//Enthalpy of steam at exit conditions in kJ/kg
+ve=1.001;//Specific volume of steam at exit conditions in m^3/kg
+
+//Calculations
+Pt=0.582*P1;//Steam pressure at the throat in bar
+hd=h1-ht;//Enthalpy drop upto the throat in kJ/kg
+Vt=44.7*(hd)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at the throat in m/s
+hde=h1-he;//Enthalpy drop from nozzle entrance to exit in kJ/kg
+Ve=44.7*(hde)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at nozzle exit in m/s
+Ae=(At*Vt*ve)/(Ve*vt);//Exit area of nozzle from the mass rate of flow equation in mm^2
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Final exit velocity of steam is %3.1f m/s\n (b)Cross sectional area of the nozzle at exit for maximum discharge is %3.0f mm^2',Ve,Ae)
diff --git a/2063/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce b/2063/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ad0dd1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2063/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+clc
+clear
+//Input data
+P1=7;//Inlet pressure of a convergent divergent steam nozzle in bar
+T1=275;//Inlet temperature of the nozzle in degrees celcius
+P2=1;//Discharge pressure of steam in bar
+l=60;//Length of diverging portion of the nozzle in mm
+dt=6;//Diameter of the throat in mm
+f1=10;//Percent of total available enthalpy drop lost in friction in the diverging portion in percentage
+h1=3006.9;//Enthalpy of steam at 7bar pressure and 275 degrees celcius in kJ/kg
+ht=2865.9;//Enthalpy at the throat from Moiller chart in kJ/kg
+he=2616.7;//Enthalpy at the exit from moiller chart in kJ/kg
+vt=0.555;//Specific volume of steam at throat in m^3/kg
+Tt=202.8;//Temperature of steam at throat in degrees celcius from moiller chart
+ve=1.65;//Volume of steam at exit in m^3/kg
+
+//Calculations
+Pt=0.546*P1;//The throat pressure for maximum discharge in bar
+hd=h1-ht;//Enthalpy drop upto throat in kJ/kg
+Vt=44.7*(hd)^(0.5);//Velocity of steam at throat in m/s
+hid=h1-he;//Total isentropic drop from 7 bar,275 degrees celcius to 1 bar in kJ/kg
+hda=(1-(f1/100))*(hid);//Actual heat drop in kJ/kg
+Ve=44.7*(hda)^(0.5);//Velocity at exit in m/s
+At=(3.14/4)*(6/1000)^(2);//Throat area of the nozzle in m^2
+m=(At*Vt)/vt;//Mass flow rate at nozzle throat in kg/s
+Ae=((m*ve)/Ve)*10^4;//Exit area of the nozzle in cm^2
+de=(((Ae*4)/3.14)^(0.5))*10;//Diameter of the nozzle at exit in mm
+alpha=atand((de-dt)/(2*60));//Half of the cone angle of the nozzle in degrees
+alpha1=2*alpha;//Cone angle of the nozzle in degrees
+
+//Output
+printf('(a)Velocity of steam at throat is %3.0f m/s\n (b)Temperature of steam at the throat is %3.1f degrees celcius\n (c)Cone angle of the divergent portion is %3.3f degrees',Vt,Tt,alpha1)