diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1955/CH5')
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce | 27 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce | 23 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce | 22 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce | 39 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce | 32 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce | 15 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce | 26 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce | 29 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce | 35 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.18/example18.sce | 40 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.2/example2.sce | 36 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce | 43 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce | 42 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce | 33 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce | 33 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce | 33 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce | 20 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | 1955/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce | 23 |
18 files changed, 551 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1224c825e --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.1/example1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+C1=500//Steam velocity in m/s
+U=200//Blade speed in m/s
+b2=(90-25)//Exit angle of moving blade measured in axial direction in degree
+a1=(90-20)//Nozzle angle in axial direction in degree
+m=5//Steam flow rate in kg/s
+
+printf('The scale of the velocity vector diagram is 1:50\n\nThe following values are obtained from the velocity vector diagram')
+
+b1=33//Moving blade inlet angle in degree
+a2=56//Direction of steam at the exit in degree
+C2=160//Exit velocity of the steam in m/s
+Wx1=270//Inlet whirl velocity in m/s
+Wx2=285//Exit whirl velocity in m/s
+Ca1=175//Inlet axial velocity in m/s
+Ca2=135//Exit axial velocity in m/s
+
+//calculations
+Wm=U*(Wx1+Wx2)*10^-3//Work done per kg of steam in kW/kg
+AT=m*(Ca1-Ca2)//Axial thrust in N
+W=m*Wm//Power developed in kW
+Ndia=((U*(Wx1+Wx2))/((C1^2)/2))//Diagram or blade efficiency
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)Moving blade inlet angle is %3i degree\n(b)\n Exit velocity of the steam is %3i m/s\n Direction of steam at the exit is %3i degree\n(c)Work done per kg of steam is %3i kW/kg\n(d)\n Axial thrust is %3i N\n Power developed is %3i kW\n(e)Diagram or blade efficiency is %3.3f',b1,C2,a2,Wm,AT,W,Ndia)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ead15a8d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.10/example10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+R=0.5//Degree of reaction
+P0=2.2//Inlet pressure in bar
+T0=443//Inlet temperature in K
+N=2400//Rotor running speed in rpm
+Dm=0.5//Rotor mean diameter in m
+a1=36//Rotor inlet angle in degree
+a2=19//Stator exit angle in degree
+ns=0.88//Stage efficiency
+m=1//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s
+
+//calculations
+b2=a1//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b1=a2//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+U=(3.1415*Dm*N)/60//Mean blade speed in m/s
+Ca=(2*U*R)/(tand(b2)-tand(b1))//Axial velocity in m/s
+W=m*U*Ca*(tand(a1)+tand(a2))*10^-3//Power output in kW
+dh=W/ns//Stage enthalpy drop in kJ/kg
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Power output is %3.2f kW\n(b)Stage enthalpy drop is %3.2f kJ/kg',W,dh)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..372e70b51 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.11/example11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+P0=800//Inlet pressure of hot gas in kPa
+T1=973//Inlet temperature of hot gas in K
+P2=100//Final pressure of hot gas in kPa
+a1=73//Nozzle angle in degree
+m=35//Mass flow rate in kg/s
+ns=0.9//Nozzle efficiency
+Cp=1.005//Specific heat of gas at constant pressure in kJ/kg.K
+r=1.4//Ratio of specific heats of air
+
+//calculations
+b1=atand(tand(a1)/2)//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b2=b1//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+pi=2/tand(a1)//Flow coefficient
+psil=pi*(tand(b1)+tand(b2))//Blade loading coefficient
+dh=ns*Cp*T1*(1-(P2/P0)^((r-1)/r))//Change in enthalpy in kJ/kg
+W=m*dh*10^-3//Power developed in MW
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Rotor blade angles\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n(b)Flow coefficient is %3.3f\n(c)Blade loading coefficient is %3.f\n(d)Power developed is %3.1f MW',b1,b2,pi,psil,W)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..558f7de57 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.12/example12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+P0=100//Initial pressure of steam in bar
+T0=773//Initial temperature of steam in K
+D=1//Turbine diameter in m
+N=3000//Speed of turbine in rpm
+m=100//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s
+a1=70//Exit angle of the first stage nozzle in degree
+ns1=0.78//Stage efficiency of first stage
+ns2=ns1//Stage efficiency of second stage
+
+//calculations
+U=(3.1415*D*N)/60//Mean blade speed in m/s
+C1=(2*U)/sind(a1)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+b11=atand(tand(a1)/2)//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b21=b11//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b12=b21//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage in degree
+b22=b12//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage in degree
+W=4*m*U^2*10^-6//Total work done in both the stages in MW
+dh02=2*U^2*10^-3//Change in enthalpy in first stage of turbine in kJ/kg
+dh02s=(dh02/ns1)//Change in enthalpy isentropically of turine first stage in kJ/kg
+printf('The values of enthalpy and specific volume are taken from the mollier chart at inlet and exit conditions respectively')
+h0=3370//Enthalpy at beginning of first stage in kJ/kg
+h2=h0-dh02//Enthalpy at the end of first stage in kJ/kg
+h2s=h0-dh02s//Isentropic enthalpy at the end of first stage in kJ/kg
+v2=0.041//Specific volume at the end of first stage in m^3/kg
+dh24=2*U^2*10^-3//Change in enthalpy in second stage of turbine in kJ/kg
+dh24s=dh24/ns2//Change in enthalpy isentropically of turine second stage in kJ/kg
+h4=h2-dh24//Enthalpy at beginning of second stage in kJ/kg
+h4s=h2-dh24s//Isentropic enthalpy at the end of second stage in kJ/kg
+v4=0.05//Specific volume at the end of second stage in m^3/kg
+
+Ca=C1*cosd(a1)//Axial velocity in m/s
+h1r=(m*v2)/(3.1415*D*Ca)//Blade height at first stage rotor exit in m
+h2r=(m*v4)/(3.1415*D*Ca)//Blade height at second stage rotor exit in m
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)rotor blade angles\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage is %3.2f degres\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage is %3.2f degree\n(b)Total work done or Power developed in both the stages is %3.2f MW\n(c)final state of steam\n Enthalpy at beginning of first stage is %3i kJ/kg\n Enthalpy at the end of first stage is %3.2f kJ/kg\n Isentropic enthalpy at the end of first stage is %3.2f kJ/kg\n Specific volume at the end of first stage is %3.3f m^3/kg\n Enthalpy at beginning of second stage is %3.1f kJ/kg\n Isentropic enthalpy at the end of second stage is %3.2f kJ/kg\n Specific volume at the end of second stage is %3.2f m^3/kg\n(d)blade height\n Blade height at first stage rotor exit is %3.4f m\n Blade height at second stage rotor exit is %3.4f m',b11,b21,b12,b22,W,h0,h2,h2s,v2,h4,h4s,v4,h1r,h2r)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..39006704b --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.13/example13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+P0=100//Initial pressure of steam in bar
+T0=773//Initial temperature of steam in K
+D=1//Turbine diameter in m
+N=3000//Speed of turbine in rpm
+m=100//Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s
+a1=70//Exit angle of the first stage nozzle in degree
+ns=0.65//Stage efficiency of first stage
+
+//calculations
+U=(3.1415*D*N)/60//Mean blade speed in m/s
+C1=(4*U)/sind(a1)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+Ca=C1*cosd(a1)//Axial velocity in m/s
+Wx1=3*U//Inlet whirl velocity in m/s
+b11=atand(Wx1/Ca)//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b21=b11//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+C2=Ca//Velocity of steam at exit from stage in m/s
+b22=atand(U/Ca)//Outlet angle of the rotor blade in degree
+b12=b22//Inlet angle of the rotor blade in in degree
+W=m*8*U^2*10^-6//Total work done or power developed in MW
+printf('The values of enthalpy and specific volume are taken from the mollier chart at inlet and exit conditions respectively')
+h0=3370//Enthalpy at beginning of stage in kJ/kg
+dh04=(W*10^3)/m//Change in enthalpy of turbine in kJ/kg
+dh04s=dh04/ns//Change in enthalpy isentropically of turine in kJ/kg
+h4=h0-dh04//Enthalpy at beginning of stage in kJ/kg
+h4s=h0-dh04s//Isentropic enthalpy at the end of stage in kJ/kg
+v4=0.105//Specific volume at the end of stage in m^3/kg
+h=(m*v4)/(3.1415*D*Ca)//Rotor blade height in m
+
+printf('\n\n(a)rotor blade angles\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade is %3.2f degree\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage is %3.2f degres\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade in second stage is %3.2f degree\n(b)Total work done or Power developed in both the stages is %3.2f MW\n(c)final state of steam\n Enthalpy at beginning of first stage is %3i kJ/kg\n Enthalpy at beginning of stage is %3.1f kJ/kg\n Isentropic enthalpy at the end of stage is %3.2f kJ/kg\n Specific volume at the end of stage is %3.3f m^3/kg\n(d)rotor blade height is %3.4f m',b11,b21,b12,b22,W,h0,h4,h4s,v4,h)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c78bde16 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.14/example14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+a1=(90-30)//Nozzle angle in axial direction in degree
+Ca=180//Axial velocity in m/s
+U=280//Rotor blade speed in m/s
+R=0.25//Degree of reaction
+
+//calculations
+Cx1=Ca*tand(a1)//Velocity of whirl at inlet in m/s
+b1=atand((Cx1-U)/Ca)//Blade angle at inlet in degree
+b2=a1//Blade angle at exit in degree as degree of reaction is 0.5
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Blade angle at inlet is %3i degree\n(b)Blade angle at exit is %3i degree',b1,b2)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..77bce3a3d --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.15/example15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+R=0.5//Degree of reaction
+ns=0.85//Stage efficiency
+P0=800//Inlet pressure of hot gas in kPa
+T0=900//Inlet temperature of hot gas in K
+U=160//Blade speed in m/s
+m=75//Mass flow rate of hot gas in kg/s
+a1=70//Absolute air angle at first stage nozzle exit in degree
+
+//calculations
+C1=U/sind(a1)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+Ca=C1*cosd(a1)//Axial velocity of hot gas in m/s
+C2=Ca//Velocity of steam at exit from stage in m/s
+b1=0//Blade angle at inlet in degree as Wx1=0
+a2=b1//Stator exit angle in degree as degree of reaction is 0.5
+b2=a1//Blade angle at outlet in degree as degree of reaction is 0.5
+Cx2=0//Velocity of whirl at outlet in m/s
+Cx1=U//Velocity of whirl at inlet in m/s
+W=m*U*(Cx1+Cx2)*10^-6//Power developed in MW
+Wm=W*10^3/m//Work done per unit mass flow rate in kJ/kg
+dhs=Wm/ns//Isentropic enthalpy drop in kJ/kg
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Rotor blade angles\n Absolute air angle at first stage nozzle exit is %3i degree\n Blade angle at outlet is %3i degree\n Blade angle at inlet is %3i degree\n Stator exit angle is %3i degree\n(b)Power developed is %3.2f MW\n(c)Isentropic enthalpy drop is %3.2f kJ/kg',a1,b2,b1,a2,W,dhs)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..066571015 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.16/example16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+b1m=46//Rotor blade angle at entry at mean section in degree
+b2m=75//Rotor blade angle at exit at mean section in degree
+a1m=75//Nozzle angle at exit at mean section in degree
+DhDt=0.6//Hub to tip ratio
+N=7500//Mean rotor speed in rpm
+Dh=0.45//Hub diameter in m
+
+//calculations
+R=0.5//Degree of reaction as a1m=b2m
+a2m=b1m//Stator angle at exit at mean section in degree
+Dm=(Dh+(Dh/DhDt))/2//Mean diameter of turbine at mean section in m
+Um=(3.1415*DhDt*N)/60//Mean blade speed in m/s
+Ca=Um/(tand(a1m)-tand(b1m))//Axial velocity in m/s
+pi=Ca/Um//Flow coefficient
+psil=pi*(tand(b1m)+tand(b2m))//Blade loading coefficient
+a1h=atand(tand(a1m)*((Dm/2)/(Dh/2)))//Nozzle angle at inlet at root section in degree
+Uh=(3.14*Dh*N)/60//Blade speed at root section in m/s
+b1h=atand(tand(a1h)-(Uh/Ca))//Rotor blade angle at entry at root section in degree
+a2h=atand(tand(a2m)*((Dm/2)/(Dh/2)))//Stator angle at exit at root section in degree
+b2h=atand((Uh/Ca)+tand(a2h))//Rotor blade angle at exit at root section in degree
+pih=Ca/Uh//Flow coefficient at root section
+Rh=(pih/2)*(tand(b2h)-tand(b1h))//Degree of reaction at root section
+psilh=pih*(tand(b1h)+tand(b2h))//Blade loading coefficient at root section
+
+//output
+printf('Mean section\n (a)Degree of reaction is %3.1f\n (b)Blade loading coefficient is %3.2f\nRoot section (a)Degree of reaction is %3.2f\n (b)Blade loading coefficient is %3.2f',R,psil,Rh,psilh)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..738c74b14 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.17/example17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+T00=973//Total head inlet temperature in K
+P00=4.5//Total head inlet pressure in bar
+P2=1.6//Static head outlet pressure in bar
+m=20//Gas flow rate in kg/s
+a1=(90-28)//Nozzle outlet angle measured perpendicular to blade velocity in degree
+Dmh=10//Mean blade diameter to blade height ratio
+NLC=0.1//Nozzle loss coefficient
+Cp=1155.6//Specific heat of gas at a constant pressure in kJ/kg
+R=289//Gas constant in J/kg
+r=1.333//Ratio of specific heats of gas
+
+//calculations
+T2ss=T00*(P2/P00)^((r-1)/r)//Isentropic temperature at outlet in mid section in K here T00=T01
+T1s=T2ss//Isentropic temperature at inlet at mid section in K
+C1m=(2*Cp*(T00-T1s)/1.1)^(1/2)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle at mid section in m/s
+T1=T00-((C1m^2)/(2*Cp))//Gas temperature at mid section in K
+d=(P2*10^5)/(R*T1)//Density of gas in kg/m^3
+Rg=(Cp*(r-1)/r)//Gas constant of the gas in kJ/kg
+Ca=C1m*cosd(a1)//Axial velocity in m/s
+h=((m/(d*Ca))*(1/(Dmh*3.1415)))^(1/2)//Hub height in m
+Dm=Dmh*h//Mean blade diameter in m
+Dh=Dm-h//Hub diameter in m
+a1h=atand(((Dm/2)/(Dh/2))*tand(a1))//Discharge angle at hub in degree
+C1h=Ca/cosd(a1h)//Gas velocity at hub section in m/s
+T1h=T00-((C1h^2)/(2*Cp))//Gas temperature at hub in K here T01=T00
+Dt=Dm+h//Tip diameter in m
+a1t=atand(((Dm/2)/(Dt/2))*tand(a1))//Gas discharge angle at tip in degree
+C1t=Ca/cosd(a1t)//Gas velocity at tip in m/s
+T1t=T00-((C1t^2)/(2*Cp))//Gas temperature in K here T00=T01
+
+//output
+printf('(a)At mid section\n Gas velocity is %3.1f m/s\n Gas temperature is %3.1f K\n Gas discharge angle is %3i degree\n(b)At hub section\n Gas velocity is %3.1f m/s\n Gas temperature is %3.2f K\n Gas discharge angle is %3.2f degree\n(c)At tip section\n Gas velocity is %3.1f m/s\n Gas temperature is %3.2f K\n Gas discharge angle is %3.2f degree',C1m,T1,a1,C1h,T1h,a1h,C1t,T1t,a1t)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.18/example18.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.18/example18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..011d2a795 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.18/example18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+a1=75//Nozzle air angle in degree
+Rh=0//Degree of reaction
+N=6000//Running speed of hub in rpm
+Dh=0.45//Hub diameter in m
+Df=0.75//Tip diameter in m
+
+
+//calculations
+Uh=(3.1415*Dh*N)/60//Hub speed in m/s
+C1h=Uh/((sind(a1))/2)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in hub in m/s
+Cah=C1h*cosd(a1)//Axial velocity at hub in m/s
+Cx1h=C1h*sind(a1)//Whirl component of velocity at inlet in hub in m/s
+b1h=atand((Cx1h-Uh)/Cah)//Rotor blade angle at entry at hub section in degree
+b2h=b1h//Rotor blade angle at exit at mean section in degree as zero reaction section
+sopt=sind(a1)/2//Blade to gas speed ratio at hub
+rm=((Dh/2)+(Df/2))/2//Mean radius in m
+rmrh=(rm/(Dh/2))^((sind(a1))^2)//Ratio of inlet velocity at hub and mean for constant nozzle air angle at hub section
+C1m=C1h/rmrh//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle at mean section in m/s
+Cx1m=Cx1h/rmrh//Velocity of whirl at inlet at mean section in m/s
+Ca1m=Cah/rmrh//Axial velocity at mean section in m/s
+Um=(3.1415*2*rm*N)/60//Mean blade speed in m/s
+b1m=atand((Cx1m-Um)/Ca1m)//Rotor blade angle at entry at mean section in degree
+b2m=atand(Um/Ca1m)//Rotor blade angle at exit at mean section in degree for axial exit Cx2=0
+s=Um/C1m//Blade to gas ratio at mean
+Rm=(Ca1m/(2*Um))*(tand(b2m)-tand(b1m))//Degree of reaction of mean section
+rmrt=((rm)/(Df/2))^((sind(a1))^2)//Ratio of inlet velocity at tip and mean for constant nozzle air angle at tip section
+C1t=C1m*rmrt//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle at tip section in m/s
+Cx1t=Cx1m*rmrt//Velocity of whirl at inlet at tip section in m/s
+Ca1t=Ca1m*rmrt//Axial velocity at tip section in m/s
+Ut=(3.1415*Df*N)/60//Mean tip speed in m/s
+b1t=atand((Cx1t-Ut)/Ca1t)//Rotor blade angle at entry at tip section in degree
+b2t=atand(Ut/Ca1t)//Rotor blade angle at exit at tip section in degree for axial exit Cx2=0
+st=Ut/C1t//Blade to gas ratio at tip
+Rf=(Ca1t/(2*Ut))*(tand(b2t)-tand(b1t))//Degree of reaction of tip section
+
+//output
+printf('(1)Hub section\n (a)\n Absolute air angle is %3.2f degree\n Relative air angle is %3.2f degree\n (b)Blade to gas speed ratio is %3.3f\n (c)Degree of reaction is %3i\n(2)Mean section\n (a)\n Absolute air angle is %3.2f degree\n Relative air angle is %3.2f degree\n (b)Blade to gas speed ratio is %3.3f\n (c)Degree of reaction is %3.3f\n(3)Tip section\n (a)\n Absolute air angle is %3.2f degree\n Relative air angle is %3.2f degree\n (b)Blade to gas speed ratio is %3.3f\n (c)Degree of reaction is %3.3f\n',b1h,b2h,sopt,Rh,b1m,b2m,s,Rm,b1t,b2t,st,Rf)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.2/example2.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.2/example2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b175d73d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.2/example2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+U=300//Blade speed in m/s
+a=20//Nozzle angle in degree
+dhs=473//Isentropic heat drop in kJ/kg
+Nn=0.85//Nozzle efficiency
+W2W1=0.7//Blade velocity coefficient
+nM=0.9//Mechanical efficiency
+
+//initial calculations
+dh=Nn*dhs//Useful heat drop converted into kinetic energy in kJ/kg
+C1=(2*1000*dh)^(1/2)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+
+printf('The scale of the velocity vector diagram is 1:100\n\nThe following values are obtained from the velocity vector diagram')
+
+Ca1=310//Inlet axial velocity in m/s
+Ca2=210//Exit axial velocity in m/s
+Wx1=550//Inlet whirl velocity in m/s
+Wx2=380//Exit whirl velocity in m/s
+W1=620//inlet Blade velocity in m/s
+
+//calculations
+W2=W2W1*W1//Exit bladde velocity in m/s
+AT=Ca1-Ca2//Axial thrust in N/kg
+Wm=U*(Wx1+Wx2)*10^-3//Work developed per kg of steam/sec in kW/(kg/s)
+P=Wm*nM//Power developed per kg of steam/sec in kW/(kg/s)
+m=3600/P//Steam rate per kW.hr in kg
+Ndia=((U*(Wx1+Wx2))/((C1^2)/2))//Diagram or blade efficiency
+MNdia=(sind(90-a))^(2)//Maximum blade efficiency under optimum conditions
+Ns1=Wm/dhs//Stage efficiency
+Ns2=Ndia*Nn//Stage efficiency in other method
+E=(((W1^2)-(W2^2))/2)*10^-3//Energy loss in blade friction in kJ/kg
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)Axial thrust is %3i N/kg\n(b)\n Work developed per kg of steam/sec is %3i kW/(kg/s)\n Power developed per kg of steam/sec is %3.1f kW/(kg/s)\n Steam rate per kW.hr is %3.1f kg\n(c)\n Diagram or blade efficiency is %3.3f\n Maximum blade efficiency under optimum conditions is %3.3f\n Stage efficiency is %3.4f\n(d)Energy loss in blade friction is %3.3f kJ/kg',AT,Wm,P,m,Ndia,MNdia,Ns1,E)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a04b3ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.3/example3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+P1=5//Input pressure of steam in bar
+P2=3//Exhaust pressure of steam in bar
+C0=75//Carry over velocity of steam in m/s
+a1=20//Nozzle angle in degree
+UC1=0.4//The direction of blade rotation and blade speed ratio
+b2=20//Blade exit angle in degree
+m=2.5//Steam flow rate in kg/s
+W=206//Power Output of the stage in kW
+Nn=0.9//Efficiency of the nozzle
+
+printf('Assuming isentropic expansion the enthalpy drop can be found from steam table\n\nThe following values are obtained from steam tables')
+
+h1=2747.5//Enthalpy at initial pressure in kJ/kg
+s1=6.819//Entropy at initial pressure in kJ/kg.K
+s2=s1//Entropy at final pressure in kJ/kg.K
+sfp2=1.647//Entropy of fliud at final pressure in kJ/kg.K
+sfgp2=5.367//Entropy of fliud-gas mixture at final pressure in kJ/kg.K
+hfg=2170.1//Enthalpy of fliud-gas mixture in kJ/kg
+hf=551.5//Enthalpy of fliud in kJ/kg
+
+printf('\n\nThe scale of the velocity vector diagram is 1:50\n\nThe following values are obtained from the velocity vector diagram')
+
+W1=280//Relative velocity at inlet in m/s
+W2=240//Relative velocity at exit in m/s
+
+//calculations
+x2=(s2-sfp2)/sfgp2//The percentage of wet steam
+h2s=hf+(x2*hfg)//The isentropic enthalpy at the second stage in kJ/kg
+dhs=h1-h2s//Isentropic heat drop in kJ/kg
+C1=((2000*Nn*dhs)+(C0^2))^(1/2)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+U=UC1*C1//Blade speed in m/s
+Wx1Wx2=(W*10^3)/(m*U)//The sum of whirl components of velocity in m/s
+Ndia=(U*Wx1Wx2)/((C1^2)/2)//Diagram efficiency
+RV=W2/W1//Relative velocity ratio
+E=dhs+((C0^2)/2000)//Energy supplied per kg in kJ/kg
+Ns1=(U*Wx1Wx2)/(E*10^3)//Stage efficiency
+Ns2=Ndia*Nn//Stage efficiency in other method
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle is %3.2f m/s\n(b)Diagram efficiency is %3.4f\n(c)Relative velocity ratio is %3.3f\n(d)\n Stage efficiency in method 1 is %3.4f\n Stage efficiency in method 2 is %3.4f',C1,Ndia,RV,Ns1,Ns2)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..00051632a --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.4/example4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+C1=600//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+U=120//Blade speed in m/s
+a1=16//Nozzle angle in degree
+b2=18//Discharge angle for first moving ring in degree
+a11=21//Discharge angle for the fixed ring in degree
+b22=35//Discharge angle for the second moving ring in degree
+Wr=0.9//Blade velocity coefficient
+m=1//Mass flow rate in kg/s
+
+printf('\n\nThe scale of the velocity vector diagram is 1:50\n\nThe following values are obtained from the velocity vector diagram')
+
+W1=485//Relative velocity at inlet for first stage in m/s
+W2=Wr*W1//Relative velocity for first stage at exit in m/s
+Wx1=460//Inlet whirl velocity for first stage in m/s
+Wx2=410//Exit whirl velocity for first stage in m/s
+Ca1=170//Inlet axial velocity for first stage in m/s
+Ca2=135//Exit axial velocity for first stage in m/s
+C2=325//Exit velocity of the steam for first stage in m/s
+b1=20//Blade inlet angle for first row of moving blade in degree
+C11=Wr*C2//Steam velocity at inlet to second row of moving blades in m/s
+W12=190//Relative velocity at inlet for second stage in m/s
+W22=Wr*W12//Relative velocity at exit for second stage in m/s
+Wx11=155//Inlet whirl velocity for second stage in m/s
+Wx22=140//Exit whirl velocity for second stage in m/s
+Ca11=110//Inlet axial velocity for second stage in m/s
+Ca22=100//Exit axial velocity for second stage in m/s
+b11=35//Blade inlet angle for second row of moving blade in degree
+dWx1=Wx1+Wx2//Driving force for first stage in m/s
+dWx11=Wx11+Wx22//Driving force for second stage in m/s
+dW=(dWx1+dWx11)*1//Total driving force for unit mass flow rate in N
+AT1=Ca1-Ca2//Axial thrust for first stage in m/s
+AT2=Ca11-Ca22//Axial thrust for second stage in m/s
+AT=(AT1+AT2)*1//Total axial thrust for unit mass flow rate in N
+DP=m*U*(dWx1+dWx11)*10^-3//Diagram power in kW
+DE=(U*(dWx1+dWx11))/((C1^2)/2)//Diagram efficiency
+MDE=(sind(90-a1))^2//Maximum diagram efficiency
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)\n Blade inlet angle for first row of moving blade is %3.i degree\n Blade inlet angle for second row of moving blade is %3i degree\n(b)\n Driving force for first stage is %3i m/s\n Driving force for second stage is %3i m/s\n Total driving force for unit mass flow rate is %3i N\nTotal axial thrust for unit mass flow rate is %3i N\n(c)Diagram power is %3.1f kW\n(d)Diagram efficiency is %3.3f\n(e)Maximum diagram efficiency is %3.3f',b1,b11,dWx1,dWx11,dW,AT,DP,DE,MDE)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f4959a271 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.5/example5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+C1=100//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+h=0.04//Mean blade height in m
+b2=20//Exit angle of moving blade in degree
+CaU=3/4//Ratio of flow velocity and blade speed at mean radius
+m=10000/3600//steam flow rate in kg/s
+
+//calculations
+a1=b2//Nozzle angle in degree
+Ca=C1*cosd(90-a1)//Flow velocity in m/s
+U=Ca/CaU//Mean blade velocity in m/s
+v=0.60553//Specific volume of steam from steam table at 3 bar with dry saturated steam in m^3/kg
+A=(m*v)/Ca//Annulus area in m^2
+D=A/(3.1415*h)//Mean blade diameter in m
+N=(U*60)/(3.14*D)//Rotor speed in rpm
+
+printf('\n\nThe scale of the velocity vector diagram is 1:10\n\nThe following values are obtained from the velocity vector diagram')
+
+W1=59//Relative velocity at inlet for first stage in m/s
+Wx1Wx2=142//Sum of whirl components of velocity in m/s
+DP=m*U*Wx1Wx2*10^-3//Diagram power in kW
+Wm=U*(Wx1Wx2)//Work done per kg of steam in kJ/kg
+W2=C1//Relative velocity at exit for first stage in m/s
+E=((C1^2)/2)+(((W2^2)-(W1^2))/2)//Energy input per kg in kJ/kg when W2=C1
+Ndia=Wm/E//Diagram efficiency
+RV=(W2-W1)/W1//Percentage increase in relative velocity
+dH=((W2^2)-(W1^2))/2*10^-3//Enthalpy drop in the moving blades in kJ/kg
+H=2*dH//Total enthalpy drop in two stages in kJ/kg
+
+//output
+printf('\n\n(a)The rotor speed is %3i rpm\n(b)The diagram power is %3.2f kW\n(c)The diagram efficiency is %3.3f\n(d)Percentage increase in relative velocity is %3.3f\n(e)\n Enthalpy drop in the moving blades is %3.3f kJ/kg\n Total enthalpy drop in two stages is %3.3f kJ/kg',N,DP,Ndia,RV,dH,H)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3d24ff7a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.6/example6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+R=0.5//Degree of reaction
+P1=14//Initial pressure in bar
+T1=588//Initial temperature in K
+P2=0.14//Final pressure in bar
+Ns=0.75//Stage efficiency
+RF=1.04//Reheat factor
+N=20//No. of stages
+W=11770//Total power output in kW
+a1=20//Exit blade angle in degree
+hD=1/12//Ratio of blade height to blade mean diameter
+
+//calculations
+hs1=3080//Isentropic enthalpy at initial condition from mollier chart in kJ/kg
+hs2=2270//Isentropic enthalpy at final condition from mollier chart in kJ/kg
+dhs=hs1-hs2//Isentropic enthalpy change in kJ/kg
+Nt=Ns*RF//Overall efficiency
+dh=Nt*dhs//Actual enthalpy drop in kJ/kg
+hs=dh/N//Enthalpy drop per stage in kJ/kg
+m=W/dh//Mass flow rate in kg/s
+C11=1.43*1//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s in terms of U for 0.5 degree of reaction
+Wm=1*((2*C11*sind(90-a1))-1)//Work done per mass of steam in terms of U^2 in kJ/kg
+U=((hs*10^3)/Wm)^(1/2)//Mean blade velocity in m/s as work done equals enthalpy drop per stage
+C1=1.43*U//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+Ca=C1*cosd(90-a1)//Flow velocity in m/s
+v=1.618//Specific volume of steam from steam table at 1.05 bar with dry saturated steam in m^3/kg
+D=((m*v)/(hD*3.14*Ca))^(1/2)//Blade mean diameter in m
+N=(U*60)/(3.14*D)//Rotor speed in rpm
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Mass flow rate of steam is %3.2f kg/s\n(b)Mean blade velocity is %3.1f m/s \n(c)Blade mean diameter is %3.3f m \n(d)Rotor speed is %3i rpm',m,U,D,N)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99af4ff8f --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.7/example7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+rh=0.225//Blade roof radius in m
+rt=0.375//Blade tip radius in m
+b1m=45//Inlet angle of the rotor blade at mid height in degree
+a1m=76//Outlet angle of the nozzle blade at mid height in degree
+b2m=75//Outlet angle of the rotor blade at mid height in degree
+N=6000//Speed of turbine in rpm
+
+//calculations
+rm=(rh+rt)/2//Mean radius in m
+Um=(2*3.14*rm*N)/60//Mean blade speed at mean radius in m/s
+Ca=Um/((tand(a1m))-(tand(b1m)))//Flow velocity in m/s
+Cx1m=Ca*tand(a1m)//Velocity of whirl at inlet at mid height in m/s
+Cx2m=Ca*tand(b2m)-Um//Velocity of whirl at inlet at mid height in m/s
+Cx1h=(Cx1m*rm)/rh//Velocity of whirl at inlet at hub height in m/s
+a1h=atand(Cx1h/Ca)//Inlet angle of the nozzle blade at hub height in degree
+Uh=(2*3.1415*rh*N)/60//Mean blade speed at hub in m/s
+b1h=atand(tand(a1h)-(Uh/Ca))//Inlet angle of the rotor blade at hub in degree
+Cx2h=Cx2m*rm/rh//Velocity of whirl at outlet at hub in m/s
+b2h=atand((Uh+Cx2h)/Ca)//Outlet angle of the rotor blade at hub in degree
+Cx1t=Cx1m*rm/rt//Velocity of whirl at inlet at tip in m/s
+a1t=atand(Cx1t/Ca)//Inlet angle of the nozzle blade at tip height in degree
+Ut=(2*3.14*rt*N)/60//Mean blade speed at tip in m/s
+b1t=atand(tand(a1t)-(Ut/Ca))//Inlet angle of the rotor blade at tip in degree
+Cx2t=Cx2m*rm/rt//Velocity of whirl at outlet at tip in m/s
+b2t=atand((Ut+Cx2t)/Ca)//Outlet angle of the rotor blade at hub in degree
+Rh=(Ca/(2*Uh))*(tand(b2h)-tand(b1h))//Degree of reaction at hub
+Rt=(Ca/(2*Ut))*(tand(b2t)-tand(b1t))//Degree of reaction at tip
+
+//output
+printf('(a)for hub\n (1)Inlet angle of the nozzle blade at hub height is %3.1f degree\n (2)Inlet angle of the rotor blade at hub is %3i degree\n (3)Outlet angle of the rotor blade at hub is %3.2f degree\n (4)Degree of reaction at hub is %3.3f\n(b)for tip\n (1)Inlet angle of the nozzle blade at tip height is %3.2f degree\n (2)Inlet angle of the rotor blade at tip is %3i degree\n (3)Outlet angle of the rotor blade at tip is %3i degree\n (4)Degree of reaction at tip is %3.3f',a1h,b1h,b2h,Rh,a1t,b1t,b2t,Rt)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb2a450d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.8/example8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+Ca=180//Air velocity at the exit of nozzle in m/s
+a1=(90-27)//Nozzle inclination perpendicular to direction of rotation in degree
+R=0.5//Degree of reaction
+U=180//Blade speed in m/s
+
+//calculations
+Cx1=Ca*tand(a1)//Inlet whirl velocity in m/s
+b11=atand((Cx1-U)/Ca)//Inlet angle of the rotor blade at inlet velocity triangle in degree
+pi=Ca/U//Ratio of air velocity and blade velocity
+b21=atand((2*R/pi)+tand(b11))//Outlet angle of the rotor blade at inlet velocity triangle in degree
+C2=Ca//Exit velocity of the steam in m/s
+b22=atand(U/C2)//Outlet angle of the rotor blade at outlet velocity triangle in degree
+b12=b11//Inlet angle of the rotor blade at outlet velocity triangle in degree as np change in rotor inlet conditions
+R=(pi*(tand(b22)-tand(b12)))/2//Degree of reaction
+
+//output
+printf('(a)blade angles\n Inlet angle of the rotor blade at inlet velocity triangle is %3.1f degree\n Outlet angle of the rotor blade at inlet velocity triangle is %3.f degree\n(b)Degree of reaction is %3.4f\n(c)Inlet angle of the rotor blade at outlet velocity triangle is %3.f degree\n(d)Outlet angle of the rotor blade at outlet velocity triangle is %3.1f degree',b11,b21,R,b22,b12)
diff --git a/1955/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce b/1955/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2fa1c295a --- /dev/null +++ b/1955/CH5/EX5.9/example9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +clc
+clear
+//input data
+U=300//Blade speed of turbine in m/s
+m=2.5//Mass flow rate in kg/s
+T0=773//Gas temperature at turbine inlet in K
+T2=573//Gaas temperature at turbine outlet in K
+a1=70//Fixed blade outlet angle in degree
+Ca=200//Axial velocity in m/s
+Cp=1.005//Specific heat of gas at constant pressure in kJ/kg.K
+//calculations
+W=m*Cp*(T0-T2)//Power developed by turbine in kW
+Wm=Cp*(T0-T2)//Stage work done per unit mass flow rate in kJ/kg
+Wx1Wx2=Wm*10^3/U//Sum of whirl components of velocity at inlet and outlet in m/s
+Wx1=(Ca*tand(a1))-U//Inlet whirl velocity in m/s
+Wx2=Wx1Wx2-Wx1//Outlet whirl velocity in m/s
+R=(Wx2-Wx1)/(2*U)//Degree of reaction
+Wx2Wx1=Wm*10^3*R//Energy input due to whirl component velocity in (m/s)^2
+C1=Ca/cosd(a1)//Velocity of steam at exit from nozzle in m/s
+nb=(Wm*10^3)/(((C1^2)/2)+Wx2Wx1)//Blade efficiency
+
+//output
+printf('(a)Power developed by turbine is %3.1f kW\n(b)Degree of reaction is %3.3f\n(c)Blade efficiency is %3.4f\n',W,R,nb)
|