diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1847/CH1')
41 files changed, 620 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.1/Ch01Ex1.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.1/Ch01Ex1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4416fdb96 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.1/Ch01Ex1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.1:Page-1.5 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+lambda = 2.1e-010; // de Broglie wavelength of the particle, m
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the particle, kg
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+// From de Broglie relation, lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E), solving for E
+E = h^2/(2*m*lambda^2*e); // Energy of the particle, eV
+printf("\nThe energy of the particle from de Broglie wavelength = %5.3e eV", E);
+
+// Result
+// The energy of the particle from de Broglie wavelength = 1.863e-002 eV
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.10/Ch01Ex10.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.10/Ch01Ex10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6d516d389 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.10/Ch01Ex10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.10: Page-1.8 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the proton, kg
+c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s
+v = 1/20*c; // Velocity of the proton, m/s
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the neutron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength associated with moving proton = %5.3e m", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength associated with moving proton = 2.645e-14 m
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.11/Ch01Ex11.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.11/Ch01Ex11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d74303c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.11/Ch01Ex11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.11: Page-1.8 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the proton, kg
+v = 2e+08; // Velocity of the proton, m/s
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the neutron, m
+printf("\nThe wavelength of matter wave associated with moving proton = %5.3e m", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The wavelength of matter wave associated with moving proton = 1.984e-15 m
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.12/Ch01Ex12.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.12/Ch01Ex12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a97a0ace3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.12/Ch01Ex12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.12: Page-1.17 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+q = 1.6e-019; // Charge on an electron, C
+V = 50; // Accelearting potential, V
+E = q*V; // Energy gained by the electron, J
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de Broglie wavelength of the electron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the electron accelearted through a given potential = %5.3e m", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the electron accelearted through a given potential = 1.736e-10 m
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.13/Ch01Ex13.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.13/Ch01Ex13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8ed2c8f31 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.13/Ch01Ex13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.13: Page-1.17 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+theta = 45; // Diffraction angle, degrees
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of a neutron, kg
+n = 1; // Order of diffraction
+k = 1.38e-023; // Boltzmann constant, J/mol/K
+T = 27+273; // Absolute room temperature, K
+E = 3/2*k*T; // Energy of the neutron, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de-Broglie wavelength of neutrons, m
+// From Bragg's law, 2*d*sin(theta) = n*lambda, solving for d
+d = n*lambda/(2*sind(theta));
+printf("\nThe interplanar spacing of the crystal = %4.2f angstrom", d/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The interplanar spacing of the crystal = 1.03 angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.14/Ch01Ex14.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.14/Ch01Ex14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..94b90c7de --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.14/Ch01Ex14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.14: Page-1.18 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+theta = 70; // Glancing angle at which reflection occurs, degrees
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of a electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Electronic charge, C
+V = 1000; // Accelerating potential, V
+n = 1; // Order of diffraction
+E = e*V; // Energy of the electron, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+// From Bragg's law, 2*d*sin(theta) = n*lambda, solving for d
+d = n*lambda/(2*sind(theta)); // Interplanar spacing, m
+printf("\nThe interplanar spacing of the crystal = %6.4e m", d);
+
+// Result
+// The interplanar spacing of the crystal = 2.0660e-11 m
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.15/Ch01Ex15.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.15/Ch01Ex15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d676919e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.15/Ch01Ex15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.15: Page-1.18 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of a electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Electronic charge, C
+V = 1; // For simplicity the accelerating potential is assumed to be unity, V
+E = e*V; // Energy of the electron, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+printf("\nde-Broglie wavelength of electron accelerated at V volts = %5.2f/sqrt(V) angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// de-Broglie wavelength of electron accelerated at V volts = 12.23/sqrt(V) angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.16/Ch01Ex16.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.16/Ch01Ex16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50d4e378f --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.16/Ch01Ex16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.16: Page-1.18 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of a electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Electronic charge, C
+V = 100; // Accelerating potential for electron, V
+E = e*V; // Energy of the electron, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+printf("\nde-Broglie wavelength of electron accelerated at %d volts = %6.4e m", V, lambda);
+
+// Result
+// de-Broglie wavelength of electron accelerated at 100 volts = 1.2231e-10 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.17/Ch01Ex17.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.17/Ch01Ex17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..454b96488 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.17/Ch01Ex17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.17: Page-1.19 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 10e-03; // Mass of the body, kg
+v = 110; // Velocity of the mass, m/s
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+printf("\nThe wavelength associated with mass moving with velocity %d m/s = %1.0e m", v, lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The wavelength associated with mass moving with velocity 110 m/s = 6e-34 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.18/Ch01Ex18.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.18/Ch01Ex18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8f96c0ddb --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.18/Ch01Ex18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.18: Page-1.19 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+Ek = 1.27e-017; // Kinetic energy of electron, J
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*Ek); // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+printf("\nThe wavelength associated with moving electron = %4.2f angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The wavelength associated with moving electron = 1.37 angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.19/Ch01Ex19.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.19/Ch01Ex19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c15147453 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.19/Ch01Ex19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.19: Page-1.19 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+lambda = 9.1e-012; // de-Broglie wavelength of electron, m
+// We have lambda = h/(m*v), solving for v
+v = h/(m*lambda); // Velocity of the electron, m/s
+K = 1/2*m*v^2; // Kinetic energy of electron, J
+printf("\nThe kinetic energy of electron having wavelength %3.1e m = %4.2e eV", lambda, K/e);
+
+// Result
+// The kinetic energy of electron having wavelength 9.1e-12 m = 1.81e+04 eV
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.2/Ch01Ex2.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.2/Ch01Ex2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9e91a4e19 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.2/Ch01Ex2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.2: Page-1.5 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the particle, kg
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+E = 1e+011*e; // Energy of the particle, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de Broglie wavelength of the particle, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the particle = %4.2e m", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the particle = 9.06e-017 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.20/Ch01Ex20.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.20/Ch01Ex20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cda22725a --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.20/Ch01Ex20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.20: : Page-1.19 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m_e = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+m_p = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the proton, kg
+v_e = 1; // For simplicity assume velocity of electron to be unity, m/s
+// From de-Broglie relation,
+// lambda_p = lambda_e = h(m*v_p), solving for v_p
+v_p = m_e*v_e/m_p; // Velocity of the proton, m/s
+// As lambda_e = h/sqrt(2*m_e*K_e) and lambda_p = h/sqrt(2*m_p*K_p), solving for K_e/K_p
+K_ratio = m_p/m_e; // Ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton
+
+printf("\nThe speed of proton for an equivalent wavelength of that of electron = %3.1e ve", v_p);
+printf("\nRatio of kinetic energies of electron and proton = %3.1e, therefore Ke > Kp", K_ratio);
+
+// Result
+// The speed of proton for an equivalent wavelength of that of electron = 5.4e-04 ve
+// Ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton = 1.8e+03, therefore Ke > Kp
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.21/Ch01Ex21.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.21/Ch01Ex21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..13952d12a --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.21/Ch01Ex21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.21: Page-1.20 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+V = 50; // Potential difference, V
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Electronic charge, C
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*e*V); // From de-Broglie relation,
+printf("\nde-Broglie wavelength of the electron = %4.2f angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// de-Broglie wavelength of the electron = 1.73 angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.23/Ch01Ex23.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.23/Ch01Ex23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..389044f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.23/Ch01Ex23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.23:: Page-1.31 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+v = 740; // Speed of the electron, m/s
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+p = m*v; // Momentum of the electron, kg-m/s
+frac_v = 0.05/100; // Correctness in the speed
+delta_p = p*frac_v; // Uncertainty in momentum, kg-m/s
+delta_x = h/(4*%pi)*1/delta_p; // Uncertainty in position, m
+
+printf("\nThe minimum accuracy to locate the position of an electron = %4.2e m",delta_x);
+
+// Result
+// The minimum accuracy to locate the position of an electron = 1.56e-04 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.24/Ch01Ex24.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.24/Ch01Ex24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..26d60e926 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.24/Ch01Ex24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.24: : Page-1.31 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+h_cross = h/(2*%pi); // Reduced Planck's constant, Js
+delta_t = 1e-010; // Uncertainty in time, s
+// From Energy-time uncertainty,
+// delta_E*delta_t = h_cross/2, solving for delta_E
+delta_E = h_cross/(2*delta_t); // Uncertainty in energy of an emitted photon, J
+
+printf("\nThe uncertainty in energy of an emitted photon = %5.3e eV", delta_E/1.6e-019);
+
+// Result
+// The uncertainty in energy of an emitted photon = 3.283e-06 eV
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.25/Ch01Ex25.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.25/Ch01Ex25.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe88f8ee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.25/Ch01Ex25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.25: : Page-1.31 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+delta_x_max = 1e-007; // Uncertainty in length, m
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of an electron, kg
+// From Position-momentum uncertainty,
+// delta_p_min = m*delta_v_min = h/delta_x_max, solving for delta_v_min
+delta_v_min = h/(delta_x_max*m); // Minimum uncertainty in velocity of electron, m/s
+
+printf("\nThe minimum uncertainty in velocity of electron = %4.2e m/s", delta_v_min);
+
+// Result
+// The minimum uncertainty in velocity of electron = 7.25e+03 m/s
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.26/Ch01Ex26.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.26/Ch01Ex26.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abc28bc58 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.26/Ch01Ex26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.26: Page-1.32 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+delta_x_max = 8.5e-014; // Uncertainty in length, m
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of proton, kg
+// From Position-momentum uncertainty,
+// delta_p_min*delta_x_max = h, solving for delta_p_min
+delta_p_min = h/delta_x_max; // Minimum uncertainty in momentum of electron, kg-m/s
+p_min = delta_p_min; // Minimum momentum of the proton, kg.m/s
+delta_E = p_min^2/(2*m);
+
+printf("\nThe minimum uncertainty in momemtum of proton = %4.2e kg-m/s", p_min);
+printf("\nThe kinetic energy of proton = %6.3e eV", delta_E/1.6e-019);
+
+// Result
+// The minimum uncertainty in momemtum of proton = 7.76e-21 kg-m/s
+// The kinetic energy of proton = 1.128e+05 eV
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.27/Ch01Ex27.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.27/Ch01Ex27.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ddde36dc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.27/Ch01Ex27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.27:: Page-1.32 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+E = 0.15*1e+03*e; // Energy of the electron, J
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of electron, kg
+delta_x = 0.5e-010; // Position uncertainty of electron, m
+p = (2*m*E)^(1/2); // Momentum of the electron, kg-m/s
+// delta_x*delta_p = h/(4*%pi), solving for delta_p
+delta_p = h/(4*%pi*delta_x); // Uncertainty in momentum of electron, kg-m/s
+frac_p = delta_p/p*100; // Percentage uncertainty in momentum of electron, kg-m/s
+
+printf("\nThe percentage uncertainty in momentum of electron = %2d percent", frac_p);
+
+// Result
+// The percentage uncertainty in momentum of electron = 15 percent
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.28/Ch01Ex28.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.28/Ch01Ex28.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..30338da0d --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.28/Ch01Ex28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.28:: Page-1.33 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+delta_v = 7.54e-015; // Uncertainty in velocity of the particle, m/s
+m = 0.25e-06; // Mass of particle, kg
+// delta_x*delta_p = h/(4*%pi), solving for delta_x
+delta_x = h/(4*%pi*m*delta_v); // Position uncertainty of particle, m
+
+printf("\nThe position uncertainty of particle = %4.2e m", delta_x);
+
+// Result
+// The position uncertainty of particle = 2.79e-14 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.29/Ch01Ex29.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.29/Ch01Ex29.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4fc6b2e01 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.29/Ch01Ex29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.29:: Page-1.33 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+v = 450; // Velocity of the electron, m/s
+delta_v = v*0.05/100; // Uncertainty in velocity of the particle, m/s
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of electron, kg
+// delta_x*delta_p = h/(4*%pi), solving for delta_x
+delta_x = h/(4*%pi*m*delta_v); // Position uncertainty of particle, m
+
+printf("\nThe position uncertainty of moving electron = %4.2e m", delta_x);
+
+// Result
+// The position uncertainty of moving electron = 2.57e-04 m
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.3/Ch01Ex3.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.3/Ch01Ex3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6bca6e0ff --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.3/Ch01Ex3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.3: Page-1.5 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+V = 20e+03; // Accelerating voltage of electron, V
+lambda = 12.25/sqrt(V); // de Broglie wavelength of the accelerated electron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the electron = %6.4f angstrom", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the electron = 0.0866 angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.30/Ch01Ex30.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.30/Ch01Ex30.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3085c7f94 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.30/Ch01Ex30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.30:: Page-1.33 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s
+v = 3e+07; // Velocity of the electron, m/s
+m0 = 9.1e-031; // Rest mass of electron, kg
+m = m0/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2); // Mass of moving electron, kg
+delta_p_max = m*v; // Maximum uncertainty in momentum of the particle, m/s
+// delta_x_min*delta_p_max = h/(4*%pi), solving for delta_x_min
+delta_x_min = h/(4*%pi*delta_p_max); // Minimum position uncertainty of particle, m
+
+printf("\nThe smallest possible uncertainty in position of the electron = %5.3f angstrom", delta_x_min/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The smallest possible uncertainty in position of the electron = 0.019 angstrom
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.31/Ch01Ex31.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.31/Ch01Ex31.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e18b176f --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.31/Ch01Ex31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.31: : Page-1.44 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +l = 2e-002; // Length of the side of the cube, m +E_F = 9*e; // Fermi energy, J +// As E_F = h^2/(8*m*l^2)*(nx^2 + ny^2 + nz^2) and nx = ny = nz for a cube, solving for nx +nx = sqrt(E_F*(8*m*l^2)/(3*h^2)); // Value of integer for a cube +E = h^2/(8*m*l^2)*3*nx^2; // Fermi energy, J +E1 = h^2/(8*m*l^2)*((nx-1)^2 + nx^2 + nx^2); // Energy of the level just below the fermi level, J +delta_E = E - E1; // Difference in the energy between the neighbouring levels of Na at the highest state, J + +printf("\nThe energy difference between the neighbouring levels of Na at the highest state = %4.2e eV", delta_E/e); + +// Result +// The energy difference between the neighbouring levels of Na at the highest state = 1.06e-07 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.32/Ch01Ex32.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.32/Ch01Ex32.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0d678845b --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.32/Ch01Ex32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.32:: Page-1.45 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 1.67e-027; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +nx = 1, ny = 1, nz = 1; // Principle quantum numbers in 3D corresponding to the longest energy state +lx = 1e-014, ly = 1e-014, lz = 1e-014; // Dimensions of the box to which the neutron is confined, m +E = h^2/(8*m)*(nx^2/lx^2+ny^2/ly^2+nz^2/lz^2); // Energy of the neutron confined in the nucleus, J + +printf("\nThe energy of the neutron confined in a nucleus = %4.2e eV", E/e); + +// Result +// The energy of the neutron confined in a nucleus = 6.11e+06 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.33/Ch01Ex33.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.33/Ch01Ex33.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..290c98410 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.33/Ch01Ex33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.33:: Page-1.46 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +n = 1; // For simplicity assume principle quantum number to be unity +l = 2.1e-010; // Length of one dimensional potential box, m +E = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron, J + +printf("\nThe energy of the electron moving in one dimensional infinitely high potential box = %4.2f n^2 eV", E/e); + +// Result +// The energy of the electron moving in one dimensional infinitely high potential box = 8.48 n^2 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.34/Ch01Ex34.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.34/Ch01Ex34.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9c23c9f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.34/Ch01Ex34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.34:: Page-1.46 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +n = 1; // The lowest energy state of electron +l = 3.5e-010; // Length of one dimensional potential box, m +E = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in the lowest state, J + +printf("\nThe lowest energy of the electron in a one dimensional force free region = %1d eV", E/e); + +// Result +// The lowest energy of an electron in a one dimensional force free region = 3 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.35/Ch01Ex35.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.35/Ch01Ex35.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f23e2853 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.35/Ch01Ex35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.35:: Page-1.46 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +l = 9.5e-010; // Length of one dimensional potential box, m + +// First energy level +n = 1; // The first energy state of electron +E1 = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in first state, J + +// Second energy level +n = 2; // The second energy state of electron +E2 = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in second state, J + +// Third energy level +n = 3; // The third energy state of electron +E3 = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in third state, J + +printf("\nThe energy of the electron in first state = %4.1e J", E1); +printf("\nThe energy of the electron in second state = %4.1e J", E2); +printf("\nThe energy of the electron in third state = %4.1e J", E3); + +// Result +// The energy of the electron in first state = 6.6e-20 J +// The energy of the electron in second state = 2.7e-19 J +// The energy of the electron in third state = 6.0e-19 J diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.36/Ch01Ex36.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.36/Ch01Ex36.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9a5f1aae --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.36/Ch01Ex36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.36:: Page-1.47 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +l = 2.5e-010; // Length of one dimensional potential box, m + +// First energy level +n = 1; // The lowest energy state of electron +E1 = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in first state, J + +// Second energy level +n = 2; // The second energy state of electron +E2 = h^2*n^2/(8*m*l^2); // Energy of the electron in second state, J + +printf("\nThe energy of the electron in lowest state = %5.2f eV", E1/e); +printf("\nThe energy of the electron in second state = %5.2f eV", E2/e); + + +// Result +// The energy of the electron in lowest state = 5.98 eV +// The energy of the electron in second state = 23.93 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.37/Ch01Ex37.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.37/Ch01Ex37.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..03aa4f406 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.37/Ch01Ex37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.37:: Page-1.47 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m = 1.67e-027; // Electronic mass, kg +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +l = 2.5e-010; // Length of one dimensional potential box, m +delta_x = 1e-014; // Uncertainty in position of neutron, m +// From uncertainty principle, +// delta_x*delta_p = h/(4*%pi), solving for delta_p +delta_p = h/(4*%pi*delta_x); // Uncertainty in momentum of neutron, kg-m/s +p = delta_p; // Momemtum of neutron in the box, kg-m/s +KE = p^2/(2*m); // Kinetic energy of neutron in the box, J + +printf("\nThe lowest energy of the neutron confined to the nucleus = %4.2f MeV", KE/(e*1e+06)); + +// Result +// The lowest energy of the neutron confined to the nucleus = 0.05 MeV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.38/Ch01Ex38.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.38/Ch01Ex38.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76617fdf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.38/Ch01Ex38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.38: : Page-1.56 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m0 = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +phi = 45; // Scattering angle of X-rays, degrees +E = 75; // Incident energy of X-rays, keV +// As from Compton shift formula +// 1/E_prime - 1/E = 1/(m0*c^2)*(1-cosd(phi)) +// Solving for E_prime +E_prime = 1/((1/(m0*c^2/(e*1e+03)))*(1-cosd(phi))+1/E); // Energy of scattered photon, keV +E_recoil = E - E_prime; // Energy of recoil electron, keV + +printf("\nThe energy of scattered X-ray = %4.1f keV", E_prime); +printf("\nThe energy of recoil electron = %3.1f keV", E_recoil); + +// Result +// The energy of scattered X-ray = 71.9 keV +// The energy of recoil electron = 3.1 keV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.39/Ch01Ex39.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.39/Ch01Ex39.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a59442403 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.39/Ch01Ex39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.39: : Page-1.57 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m0 = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +phi = 60; // Scattering angle of X-rays, degrees +E = 75; // Incident energy of X-rays, keV +// As from Compton shift formula +delta_L = h/(m0*c)*(1-cosd(phi)); // Change in photon wavelength, m +lambda = 0.198e-010; // Wavelength of incident photon, m +lambda_prime = (lambda+delta_L)/1e-010; // Wavelength of scattered X-ray, angstrom + +printf("\nThe wavelength of scattered X-ray = %6.4f angstrom", lambda_prime); + +// Result +// The wavelength of scattered X-ray = 0.2101 angstrom diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.4/Ch01Ex4.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.4/Ch01Ex4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..07a8d79c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.4/Ch01Ex4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.4: Page-1.6 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+lambda = 5.2e-03; // de Broglie wavelength of the electron, m
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+// From de Broglie relation, lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E), solving for E
+E = h^2/(2*m*lambda^2*e); // Energy of the electron, eV
+printf("\nThe energy of the electron from de Broglie wavelength = %5.3e eV", E);
+
+// Result
+// The energy of the electron from de Broglie wavelength = 5.576e-014 eV
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.40/Ch01Ex40.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.40/Ch01Ex40.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4434d72c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.40/Ch01Ex40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.40:: Page-1.57 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m0 = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +phi = 180; // Scattering angle of X-rays, degrees +lambda = 1.78; // Wavelength of incident photon, m +lambda_prime = 1.798; // Wavelength of scattered X-ray, angstrom +// As from Compton shift formula +// lambda_prime - lambda = h/(m0*c)*(1-cosd(phi)), Change in photon wavelength, m +// Or we may write, lambda_prime - lambda = k*(1-cosd(phi)) +// solving for k +k = (lambda_prime - lambda)/(1-cosd(phi)); // k = h/(m0*c) value, angstrom + +// For phi = 60 +phi = 60; // New angle of scattering, degrees +lambda_prime = lambda + k*(1-cosd(phi)); // Wavelength of scattered radiation at 60 degree angle, angstrom +printf("\nThe wavelength of scattered X-ray at %d degrees view = %6.4f angstrom", phi, lambda_prime); +// Recoil energy of electron +E = h*c*(1/lambda - 1/lambda_prime)*1e+010; // Recoil energy of electron, joule +printf("\nThe recoil energy of electron scattered through %d degrees = %4.1f eV", phi, E/e); + +// Result +// The wavelength of scattered X-ray at 60 degrees view = 1.7845 angstrom +// The recoil energy of electron scattered through 60 degrees = 17.5 eV diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.41/Ch01Ex41.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.41/Ch01Ex41.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..eb2a7eed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.41/Ch01Ex41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.41:: Page-1.58 (2009) +clc; clear; +h = 6.6e-034; // Planck's constant, Js +m0 = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s +e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV +phi = 90; // Scattering angle of X-rays, degrees +E = 510*1e+03*e; // Energy of incident photon, J +// As E = h*c/lambda, solving for lambda +lambda = h*c/E; // Wavelength of incident photon, m +// As from Compton shift formula +// lambda_prime - lambda = h/(m0*c)*(1-cosd(phi)), solving for lambda_prime +lambda_prime = lambda + h/(m0*c)*(1-cosd(phi)); // Wavelength of scattered X-ray, m +printf("\nThe wavelength of scattered X-ray as viewed at %d degrees = %4.2e m", phi, lambda_prime); + +// Recoil energy of electron +E = h*c*(1/lambda - 1/lambda_prime); // Recoil energy of electron, joule +printf("\nThe recoil energy of electron scattered through %d degrees = %4.2e eV", phi, E/e); + +// Direction of recoil electron +theta = atand(lambda*sind(phi)/(lambda_prime-lambda*cosd(phi))); // Direction of recoil electron, degrees +printf("\nThe direction of emission of recoil electron = %5.2f degrees", theta); + + +// Result +// The wavelength of scattered X-ray as viewed at 90 degrees = 4.84e-12 m +// The recoil energy of electron scattered through 90 degrees = 2.55e+05 eV +// The direction of emission of recoil electron = 26.61 degrees diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.42/Ch01Ex42.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.42/Ch01Ex42.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59795926c --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.42/Ch01Ex42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.42: : Page-1.59 (2009) +clc; clear; +m = 9.1e-031; // Electronic mass, kg +c = 3e+08; // Speed of light, m/s +e = 1.6e-019; // Charge on the electron, C +V = 12.4e+03; // Potential diffeence applied across the X-ray tube, V +i = 2e-03; // Current through the X-ray tube, A +t = 1; // Time for which the electrons strike the target material, s +N = i*t/e; // Number of electrons striking the target per sec, per sec +v_max = sqrt(2*e*V/m); // Maximum speed of the electrons, m/s + +printf("\nThe number of electrons striking the target per sec = %4.2e electrons/sec", N); +printf("\nThe maximum speed of the electrons when they strike = %3.1e m/s", v_max); + + +// Result +// The number of electrons striking the target per sec = 1.25e+16 electrons/sec +// The maximum speed of the electrons when they strike = 6.6e+07 m/s diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.5/Ch01Ex5.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.5/Ch01Ex5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ffb04f756 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.5/Ch01Ex5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.5: Page-1.6 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the neutron, kg
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+E = 1e+04*e; // Energy of the neutron, J
+// As E = 1/2*m*v^2, solving for v
+v = sqrt(2*E/m); // Velocity of the neutron, m/s
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the neutron, m
+printf("\nThe velocity of the neutron = %4.2e m/s", v);
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the neutron = %4.2e m", lambda);
+
+// Result
+// The velocity of the neutron = 1.38e+006 m/s
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the neutron = 2.87e-013 m
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.6/Ch01Ex6.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.6/Ch01Ex6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b50eec910 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.6/Ch01Ex6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.6: Page-1.6 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the neutron, kg
+k = 1.38e-023; // Boltzmann constant, J/mol/K
+T = 27+273; // Room temperature, K
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+v = sqrt(3*k*T/m); // Velocity of the neutron, m/s
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the neutron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the thermal neutrons = %4.2f angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the thermal neutrons = 1.45 angstrom
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.7/Ch01Ex7.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.7/Ch01Ex7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f94ed837 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.7/Ch01Ex7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.7: Page-1.6 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+E = 20e+03*e; // Energy of the electron, J
+// As 1/2*m*v^2 = E, solving for v
+v = sqrt(2*E/m); // Velocity of the electron, m/s
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the electron, m
+n = 1; // First order diffraction
+d = 9.8e-011; // Atomic spacing for thin gold foil, m
+// Using Bragg's equation, 2*d*sin(theta) = n*lambda and solving for theta
+theta = asind(n*lambda/(2*d)); // Angle of deviation for first order diffraction maxima, degree
+printf("\nThe angle of deviation for first order diffraction maxima = %4.2f degrees", theta);
+
+// Result
+// The angle of deviation for first order diffraction maxima = 2.54 degrees
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.8/Ch01Ex8.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.8/Ch01Ex8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c702c2805 --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.8/Ch01Ex8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.8: Page-1.7 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 9.1e-031; // Mass of the electron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+E = 5*e; // Energy of the electron, J
+// As 1/2*m*v^2 = E, solving for v
+v = sqrt(2*E/m); // Velocity of the electron, m/s
+lambda = h/(m*v); // de Broglie wavelength of the electron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the electron = %3.1f angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the electron = 5.5 angstrom
+
diff --git a/1847/CH1/EX1.9/Ch01Ex9.sce b/1847/CH1/EX1.9/Ch01Ex9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac2b027ac --- /dev/null +++ b/1847/CH1/EX1.9/Ch01Ex9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Scilab Code Ex1.9: Page-1.7 (2009)
+clc; clear;
+m = 1.67e-027; // Mass of the neutron, kg
+e = 1.6e-019; // Energy equivalent of 1 eV, J/eV
+h = 6.626e-034; // Planck's constant, Js
+E = 1*e; // Energy of the electron, J
+lambda = h/sqrt(2*m*E); // de Broglie wavelength of the neutron, m
+printf("\nThe de Broglie wavelength of the neutron = %4.2f angstrom", lambda/1e-010);
+
+// Result
+// The de Broglie wavelength of the neutron = 0.29 angstrom
+
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