diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1427/CH18')
44 files changed, 430 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..833a292b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.1/18_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.1
+//Calculating heat of formation of ethyl alcohol
+clc
+h1=-333;//heat of combustion of ethyl alcohol (in kcal)
+h2=-94.3;//heat of formation of carbon dioxide (in kcal)
+h3=-68.5;//heat of formation of water (in kcal)
+H=2*h2+3*h3-h1;//heat of formation of ethyl alcohol (in kcal)
+printf("Heat of formation of ethyl alcohol is %.1f kcal.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63b84440e --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.10/18_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.10
+//Calculating work done and heat rejected and efficiency
+clc
+T1=0; T2=100;//temperature (in degree celsius)
+q2=840;//energy absorbed (in J)
+q1=q2*((T1+273)/(T2+273));//heat rejected (in J)
+W=q2-q1;//work done (in J)
+n=(T2-T1)/(T2+273);//efficiency
+printf("The work done is %.1f J, heat rejected is %.1f J and efficiency is %.3f.",W,q1,n);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da5e0a394 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.11/18_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//ques-18.11
+//Calculating heat to be withdrawn from reservoir
+clc
+n=0.42;//efficiency
+w=203;//work done (in cal)
+q2=w/n;//heat withdrawn (in cal)
+printf("Heat withdrawn from reservoir is %.1f cal.",q2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52326a158 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.12/18_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +//ques-18.12
+//Determining required percentage for a heat engine
+clc
+n=0.1;//(T2-T1)/T2
+r=0.9;//T1/T2
+printf("Required percentage of T1/T2 is %d.",r*100);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4aeb396c --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.13/18_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.13
+//Calculating change in entropy for an isothermal expansion
+clc
+n=5;//moles of gas
+//r=V2/V1
+r=6;
+S=2.303*8.314*n*log10(r);//change in entropy
+printf("The change in entropy is %.1f J/K.",S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.14/18_14.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.14/18_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e84aabb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.14/18_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.14
+//Calculating increase in entropy in evaporation of water
+clc
+n=1;//moles of water
+L=540;//latent heat of vapourosation (in cal/g)
+T=100;//temperature (in degree celsius)
+q=L*n*18;//heat (reversible)
+S=q/(T+273);//increase in entropy
+printf("The increase in entropy is %.3f cal/mol/K.",S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.15/18_15.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.15/18_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d9e8eaf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.15/18_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.15
+//Calculating entropy of mixing per mole of the mixture
+clc
+n1=1;//mole sof hydrogen
+n2=9;//moles of nitrogen
+x1=n1/(n1+n2);
+x2=n2/(n1+n2);
+S=-8.314*2.303*(x1*log10(x1)+x2*log10(x2));//entropy of mixing
+printf("The entropy of mixing is %.3f J/K/mol.",S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.16/18_16.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.16/18_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e1b7a81a --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.16/18_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.16
+//Calculating increase in entropy
+clc
+v1=2.8;//volume of O2 (in L)
+v2=19.6;//volume of H2 (in L)
+n1=v1/22.4; n2=v2/22.4;//(in moles)
+x1=n1/(n1+n2); x2=n2/(n1+n2);
+S=-8.314*2.303*(x1*log10(x1)+x2*log10(x2));
+printf("The increase in entropy is %.3f J/K.",S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.18/18_18.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.18/18_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a90e0dfc --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.18/18_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.18
+//Calculating entropy change and free energy change of the reaction
+clc
+T1=300; T2=330;//temperature (in K)
+G1=-16;//free energy change (in kcal)
+H=-10;//enthalpy change (in kcal)
+S=(H-G1)/T1;//entropy change (in kcal/K)
+G2=H-T2*S;//free energy change (in kcal)
+printf("The entropy change is %d cal/K and free energy change at 330K is %.1f kcal.",S*1000,G2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.19/18_19.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.19/18_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fce0d427d --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.19/18_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.19
+//Calculating enthalpy change for the process
+clc
+G1=-85.77; G2=-83.68;//free energy change (in kJ)
+T1=273+25; T2=273+35;//temperature (in K)
+//G=H-T*S
+//On comparing, (G1-H)/T1 = (G2-H)/T2
+H=-148;//enthalpy change (in kJ)
+printf("The enthalpy change for the process is %d kJ.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b56d906d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.2/18_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.2
+//Calculating enthalpy of formation of benzene
+clc
+h1=-3273;//heat of combustion of benzene (in kJ)
+h2=-394;//heat of formation of carbon dioxide (in kJ)
+h3=-286;//heat of formation of water (in kJ)
+H=6*h2+3*h3-h1;//enthalpy of formation of benzene (in kJ)
+printf("Enthalpy of formation of benzene is %.0f kJ/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.20/18_20.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.20/18_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9c55838f --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.20/18_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//ques-18.20
+//Calculating standard heat of formation and total change in heat capacities at constant pressure
+clc
+T1=273+25; T2=273+20;//temperature (in K)
+//C = molar heat capacities at constant pressure (in cal/degree/mole)
+C1=6.89;//hydrogen
+C2=6.97;//oxygen
+C3=8;//water
+H1=-68.3;//enthalpy change (in kcal/mol)
+Cp=C3-C1+C2/2;
+H2=H1*1000+(T2-T1)*Cp;//enthalpy change (in kcal/mol)
+printf("The standard heat of formation is %d kcal/mol and total change in heat capacities at constant pressure is %.3f kcal/mol.",H1,H2/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.21/18_21.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.21/18_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed531fd9a --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.21/18_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.21
+//Determining heat of formation at constant volume
+clc
+H=-74.85;//heat of formation of methane at constant pressure (in kJ/mol)
+n=1-2;//change in gaseous moles
+T=273+25;//temperature (in K)
+U=H*1000-n*8.314*T;//heat of formation at constant volume
+printf("Heat of formation at constant volume is %.2f kJ/mol.",U/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.22/18_22.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.22/18_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7201cea7c --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.22/18_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//ques-18.22
+//Calculating enthalpy change and entropy change and free energy change and internal energy change
+clc
+P=1;//pressure (in atm)
+L=540;//latent heat of vapourisation of water (in cal/g)
+T1=273+0; T2=273+100;//temperature (in K)
+n=1;//moles of water
+H=n*18*L;//enthalpy change (in cal)
+S=H/T2;//entropy change (in cal/K)
+G=H-T2*S;//free energy change (in cal)
+V1=18;//volume of water at T1 (in mL)
+V2=(V1*T2)/T1;////volume of water at T2 (in mL)
+U=H-P*(V2-V1);//internal energy change (in cal)
+printf("The enthalpy change is %.2f kcal, entropy change is %.2f cal/K, free energy change is %d and internal energy change is %.4f kcal.",H/1000,S,G,U/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.23/18_23.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.23/18_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..277ea561a --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.23/18_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.23
+//Calculating standard free energy change for the reaction
+clc
+//G = free energy (in kJ/mol)
+G1=-16.8;//ammonia
+G2=-86.7;//NO
+G3=-237.2;//water
+G=G2+G3*(1.5)-G1;//free energy change
+printf("The free energy change required is %.1f kJ/mol.",G);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.24/18_24.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.24/18_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebaa7a33f --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.24/18_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//ques-18.24
+//Finding vapour pressure of benzene at 300 K
+clc
+Hv=7413;//latent heat of vapourization (in cal/mol)
+T1=273+80; T2=273+27;//temperature (in K)
+P1=760;//mm Hg
+R=1.987;//cal/mol/K
+//On solving, log(P2/P1) = (Hv*(T2-T1))/(2.303*R*T1*T2)
+P2=P1/6.467;
+printf("The required vapour pressure is %.2f mm Hg.",P2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.25/18_25.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.25/18_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c74e2157 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.25/18_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//ques-18.25
+//Calculating pressure at which water must be heated to produce superheated steam
+clc
+Hv=540;//latent heat of vapourization (in cal/g)
+T1=273+100; T2=273+150;//temperature (in K)
+P1=1;//in atm
+R=1.987;//cal/mol/K
+//On solving, log(P2/P1) = (Hv*(T2-T1))/(2.303*R*T1*T2)
+P2=P1*4.709
+printf("The required vapour pressure is %.3f atm.",P2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.26/18_26.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.26/18_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..871b9b48a --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.26/18_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//ques-18.26
+//Calculating free energy change at 298 K
+clc
+T=298;//temperature (in K)
+S=-10.5;//entropy change (in cal/K)
+U=-2500;//internal energy change (in cal/K)
+R=1.987;//cal/mol/K
+n=2-(2+1);//difference in moles of gases
+//G=H-T*S
+//H=U+n*R*T
+G=U+n*R*T-T*S;//free energy change
+printf("The free energy change is %.0f cal.",G);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.27/18_27.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.27/18_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..170c55eeb --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.27/18_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//ques-18.27
+//Finding partial pressure of hydrogen at which free energy change is zero
+clc
+G=-10.1;//free energy change (in kJ/mol)
+T=500;//temperature (in K)
+p1=10;//partial pressure of HI (in atm)
+p2=0.001;//partial pressure of I2 (in atm)
+//On solving, log10(K) = (-G)/(2.303*8.314*T)
+K=11.36;
+p3=(p1/(K*sqrt(p2)))^2;
+printf("The partial pressure of hydrogen is %.0f atm.",p3);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.28/18_28.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.28/18_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..540ba6898 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.28/18_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.28
+//Calculating heat of reaction in terms of calories
+clc
+K1=1.64*10^-4; K2=0.144*10^-4;//equilibrium constant (in atm)
+T1=273+400; T2=273+500;//temperature (in K)
+R=1.987;//cal/mol/K
+H=(log10(K2/K1)*2.303*R*T1*T2)/(T2-T1);
+printf("The heat of the reaction is %.2f kcal/mol.",H/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.29/18_29.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.29/18_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02926a1c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.29/18_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.29
+//Determining temperature at which water will boil when atmospheric pressure is 528mm Hg
+clc
+P1=528; P2=760;//pressure (in mm Hg)
+H=545.5;//latent heat of vapourisation (in cal/g)
+T2=273+100;//temperature (in K)
+T1=1/((log10(P2/P1)*2.303*1.987)/(H*18)+(1/T2));
+printf("The temperature required is %.0f K.",T1);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a07a4d88f --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.3/18_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.3
+//Calculating heat of a reaction
+clc
+h1=-110.5;//heat of formation of carbon monoxide (in kJ)
+h2=-393.8;//heat of formation of carbon dioxide (in kJ)
+h3=-241.8;//heat of formation of water (in kJ)
+H=h1-h2+h3;//heat of reaction (in kJ)
+printf("Heat of the given reaction is %.1f kJ.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.30/18_30.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.30/18_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d37a6decb --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.30/18_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//ques-18.30
+//Calculating equilibrium constant for the given reaction
+clc
+T=278;//temperature (in K)
+S=-333.3;//entropy change (in J/K/mol)
+R=8.31;// J/K/mol
+h1=-110.5;//heat of formation for CO (in kJ/mol)
+h2=-74.8;//heat of formation for methane (in kJ/mol)
+h3=-286;//heat of formation for water (in kJ/mol)
+H=h2+h3-h1;//enthalpy change (in kJ/mol)
+G=(H*1000)-T*S;//free energy change (in kJ/mol)
+//On solving, log10(K) = -G/(2.303*R*T)
+K=2.97;//(*10^26)
+printf("The equilibrium constant required is %.2f*10^26.",K);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.31/18_31.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.31/18_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82aa1ca8e --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.31/18_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//ques-18.31
+//Calculating entropy change in given state of system
+clc
+n=1;//moles of ideal gas
+Cv=12.55;//calorific volume (in J/K/mol)
+T1=298; T2=233;//temperature (in K)
+P1=2; P2=0.4;//pressure (in atm)
+R=8.314;//in J/K/mol
+S=n*Cv*log(T2/T1)-n*R*log(P2/P1);
+printf("The entropy change is %.3f J/K/mol.",S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.32/18_32.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.32/18_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0d705d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.32/18_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//ques-18.32
+//Calculating entropy change when pressure is kept constant and when volume is kept constant
+clc
+n=1;//moles of ideal gas
+Cv=12.471;//calorific volume (in J/K/mol)
+T1=300; T2=600;//temperature (in K)
+R=8.314;//in J/K/mol
+//Pressure is constant
+Cp=Cv+R;//calorific pressure (in J/K/mol)
+S_P=2.303*n*Cp*log10(T2/T1);
+//Volume is constant
+S_V=2.303*n*Cv*log10(T2/T1);
+printf("The entropy change when pressure is kept constant is %.3f J/K/mol and when volume is kept constant is %.3f J/K/mol.",S_P,S_V);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.34/18_34.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.34/18_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3a8c3838 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.34/18_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.34
+//Computing free energy change
+clc
+n=5;//moles of ideal gas
+T=273+27;//temperature (in K)
+V1=50; V2=1000;//volume (in L)
+G=2.303*n*8.314*T*log10(V1/V2);
+printf("The free energy change is %.3f kJ.",G/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.35/18_35.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.35/18_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3ba76ede --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.35/18_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//ques-18.35
+//Calculating q w U H G and A
+clc
+n=1;//moles of ideal gas
+V1=5; V2=10;//volume (in L)
+T=300;//temperature (in K)
+U=0;//for isothemal and reversible process
+H=0;//for isothemal and reversible process
+G=-n*8.314*T*log(V2/V1);
+A=G;
+w=-G;
+q=w;
+printf("q=w=%.0f J/mol, U=H=0, G=A=%.0f J/mol.",q,A);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.36/18_36.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.36/18_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9938dc2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.36/18_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//ques-18.36
+//Calculating w q U H G A and S
+clc
+T=373;//boiling point of water (in K)
+P=1;//pressure (in atm)
+L=40.67;//latent heat of vapourisation (in kJ/mol)
+R=8.314;//in J/K/mol
+w=-R*T/1000;
+H=-L;
+q=H;
+U=H-w;
+G=0;
+A=-w;
+S=-(q*1000)/T;
+printf("w=%.1f kJ/mol, q=H=%.2f kJ/mol, U=%.2f kJ/mol, G=%d; A=%.1f kJ/mol and S=%.0f J/K/mol.",w,q,U,G,A,S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.37/18_37.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.37/18_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8fb61c2f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.37/18_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.37
+//Calculating final temperature of the gas
+clc
+q=1.42;
+r=20;//ratio = P2/P1
+T1=273;//initial temperature (in K)
+T2=T1/(r^((1-q)/q));
+printf("Final temperature is %.1f K.",T2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.38/18_38.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.38/18_38.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffc0dc063 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.38/18_38.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//ques-18.38
+//Calculating S and A and G for vaporization of benzene
+clc
+n=2;//moles of benzene
+T=273+80.2;//boiling point (in K)
+g=78;//molar weight of benzene (in g)
+Lv=101;//latent heat of vaporization (in cal/g)
+U=n*g*Lv;
+H=U;
+S=H/T;
+G=H-T*S;
+A=G;
+printf("The entropy change is %.1f cal/K and A=G=%d.",S,A);
+
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.39/18_39.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.39/18_39.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..963c1976d --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.39/18_39.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//ques-18.39
+//Calculating values of q and w and U for conversion of water to steam
+clc
+n=1;//moles of water
+P=1;//pressure (in atm)
+L=540;//latent heat of steam (in cal/g)
+T1=273; T2=373;//temperature (in K)
+V1=22.4;//volume (in L)
+q=n*18*L;
+V2=(V1*T2)/T1;
+w=-P*V2;//neglecting V1 (in L atm)
+w=w*24.2;//(in cal)
+U=q+w;
+printf("q=%.2f kcal, w=%.1f cal and change in internal energy is %.4f kcal.",q/1000,w,U/1000);0
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4777a51bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.4/18_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.4
+//Calculating enthalpy of formation of sucrose
+clc
+h1=-393.5;//heat of combustion of carbon (in kJ/mol)
+h2=-286.2;//heat of combustion of carbon (in kJ/mol)
+h3=-5644;//heat of combustion of carbon (in kJ/mol)
+H=12*h1+11*h2-h3;//enthalpy of formation (in kJ/mol)
+printf("Enthalpy of formation of sucrose is %.1f kJ/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.40/18_40.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.40/18_40.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e3c8dbdd --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.40/18_40.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//ques-18.40
+//Calculating final pressure and temperature on expansion of a dry gas
+clc
+T1=273;//temperature (in K)
+r=3;//ratio = V2/V1
+P1=760;//pressure (in mm Hg)
+q=1.4;
+T2=T1/(r^(q-1));
+P2=P1/(r^q);
+printf("Final pressure is %.1f atm and final temperature is %.0f K.",P2,T2);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.41/18_41.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.41/18_41.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b259f0f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.41/18_41.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//ques-18.41
+//Calculating final temperature and w and q and change in internal energy for the process
+clc
+V1=6; V2=2;//volume (in L)
+T1=273+27;//temperature (in K)
+Cv=20.91;//(in J/K/mol)
+q=1.4;
+T2=T1*((V1/V2)^(q-1));
+U=Cv*(T2-T1);
+w=-U;
+q=0;//adiabatic process
+printf("Final temperature is %.0f K, w=%.4f kJ, q=%d and change in internal energy is %.4f kJ.",T2,w/1000,q,U/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.42/18_42.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.42/18_42.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cdb181b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.42/18_42.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.42
+//Finding value of Kp at 500 K
+clc
+G=4.833;//free energy change (in kJ/mol)
+T=500;//temperature (in K)
+//On solving, G = -2.303*R*T*log(Kp)
+Kp=0.3128;
+printf("The value of Kp is %.4f.",Kp);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.43/18_43.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.43/18_43.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..024e0254e --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.43/18_43.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//ques-18.43
+//Calculating equilibrium constant for dissociation of acetic acid
+clc
+T=298;//temperature (in K)
+R=8.314;//(in J/mol/K)
+//G = free energy change for formation (in kJ/mol)
+G1=-396.6;//acetic acid
+G2=-369.4;//acetate ion
+G3=0;//proton
+G=G2+G3-G1;//dissociation reaction
+c=-(G*1000)/(2.303*R*T);
+//On solving, log10(K) = c;
+K=1.72*10^-5;
+printf("The equilibrium constant for the reaction is %.7f.",K);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.44/18_44.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.44/18_44.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05412eac2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.44/18_44.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.44
+//Calculating enthalpy of the reaction and free energy change and entropy change at 925 K
+clc
+T1=925; T2=1000;//temperature (in K)
+K1=18.5; K2=9.25;//equikibrium constant
+H=(log10(K2/K1)*2.303*8.314*T1*T2)/(T2-T1);//enthalpy (in J/mol)
+G=-2.303*8.314*T1*log10(K1);
+S=(H-G)/T1;
+printf("The enthalpy of the reaction is %.1f kJ/mol, free energy change is %.1f kJ/mol and entropy change is %.1f J/K/mol.",H/1000,G/1000,S);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.45/18_45.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.45/18_45.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8148a134 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.45/18_45.sce @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +//ques-18.45
+//Calculating change in chemical potential of a substance
+clc
+P1=1; P2=0.5;//partial pressure (in atm)
+T=298;//temperature (in K)
+C_P=8.314*T*log(P2/P1);
+printf("The change in chemical potential is %.4f kJ/mol.",C_P/1000);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.46/18_46.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.46/18_46.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d776715b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.46/18_46.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.46
+//Calculating decrease in chemical potential of benzene
+clc
+T=298;//temperature (in K)
+x_s=0.1;//mole-fraction of solute
+x_b=1-x_s;//mole-fraction of benzene
+C_P=8.314*T*log(x_b);
+printf("The decrease in chemical potential is %.2f J/mol.",C_P);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..876aac0a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.5/18_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.5
+//Calculating standard heat of formation of actylene
+clc
+h1=-1300;//heat of combustion of acetylene (in kJ)
+h2=-395;//heat of combustion of graphite(C) (in kJ)
+h3=-286;//heat of combustion of hydrogen (in kJ)
+H=2*h2+h3-h1;//heat of formation of actylene (in kJ)
+printf("Heat of formation of actylene is %d kJ/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27e46ea47 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.6/18_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.6
+//Calculating standard heat of formation of n heptane
+clc
+E1=-1150;//internal energy change at constant volume (in kcal)
+h2=-94;//heat of formation of carbon dioxide (in kcal)
+h3=-68;//heat of formation of carbon dioxide (in kcal)
+H=7*h2+8*h3-E1;//heat of formation
+printf("Heat of formation of n-heptane is %d kcal/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce22e8a00 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.7/18_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//ques-18.7
+//Calculating heat of the given reaction
+clc
+h1=-26.4;//heat of formation of carbon monoxide (in kcal/mol)
+h2=-94.1;//heat of formation of carbon monoxide (in kcal/mol)
+h3=-57.8;//heat of formation of carbon monoxide (in kcal/mol)
+H=h1-h2+h3;//required heat (in kcal/mol)
+printf("Heat of the reaction is %.1f kcal/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21431e5a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.8/18_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//ques-18.8
+//Calculating heat of combustion of ethene at constant pressure
+clc
+T=17;//temperature (in degree celsius)
+E=-332.19;//heat of combustion at constant volume (in kcal)
+R=0.001987;//in kcal/K/mol
+n=2-(1+3);//difference in gaseous vapours
+H=E+n*R*(T+273);//heat of combustion at constant pressure
+printf("Heat of combustion of ethene at constant pressure is %.3f kcal/mol.",H);
diff --git a/1427/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce b/1427/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d73421f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1427/CH18/EX18.9/18_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//ques-18.9
+//Comparing theoretical efficiencies of system of engine operating at 1 and 50 atm
+clc
+T1=45;//temperature (in degree celsius)
+//Part (i)
+T2=100;//boiling temperature (in degree celsius)
+n1=(T2-T1)/(T2+273);//efficiency
+//Part (ii)
+T2=265;//boiling temperature (in degree celsius)
+n2=(T2-T1)/(T2+273);//efficiency
+printf("The two theoretical efficiencies required are %.4f and %.4f.",n1,n2);
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