diff options
Diffstat (limited to '1418/CH26')
76 files changed, 1079 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..91c9d5891 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54a031ca2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.10/EX26_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.10
+//DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Vi=127;...............//Induced voltage on open circuit in Volts
+V1=120;...............//Terminal voltage on load in Volts
+Rf=15;............//Field circuit resistance in Ohms
+Ra=0.02;..........//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Ia=8.47;..........//Armature current in Amperes
+If=8;.............//Field current in Amperes
+
+//Generator on no load
+Eg=Vi+(Ia*Ra);..........//EMF generated in the armature in Volts
+y=round(Eg*100)/100;
+disp(y,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts:");
+
+//Generator on load
+Ia=(Eg-V1)/Ra;
+y=round(Ia*10)/10;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+Il=y-If;.........//Load current in Amperes
+disp(Il,"Load current in Amperes:");
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccc74b3d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce5ac9ceb --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.a/EX26_11a.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.11(a)
+//8-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=8;.....................//Number of poles
+Z=778;.....................//Number of conductors
+N=500;..................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Rl=12.5;................//Load resistance in Ohms
+Ra=0.24;.................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rf=250;..................//Field resistance in Ohms
+V=250;...................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Aw=2;....................//Number of parallel paths for wave winding
+
+Il=V/Rl;....................//Load current in Amperes
+Ish=V/Rf;...................//Shunt current in Amperes
+Ia=Il+Ish;.................//Armature current in Amperes
+Eg=V+(Ia*Ra);...............//Induced EMF in Volts
+Phi=Eg*60*Aw/(Z*N*P);...........//Flux per pole in Webers
+y=Phi*1000;.....................//Flux per pole in Mili Webers
+y1=round(y*100)/100;...........//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..974fa5203 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87ebf1e56 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.11.b/EX26_11b.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.11(b)
+//4-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.....................//Number of poles
+Z=120;.....................//Number of conductors
+N=1000;..................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Ra=0.2;.................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rf=250;..................//Field resistance in Ohms
+V=250;...................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Vb=1*2;.................//Brush drop in Volts
+Al=P;....................//Number of parallel paths for lap winding
+Pg=5*10^3;.................//Output power of geyser in Watts
+Pli=2.5*10^3;...............//Output power of lighting load in Watts
+
+Ig=Pg/V;.......................//Geyser current in Amperes
+Ili=Pli/V;.......................//Lighting current in Amperes
+It=Ig+Ili;......................//Total current in Amperes
+If=V/Rf;.......................//Field current in Amperes
+Ia=If+It;......................//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;.....................//Armature drop in Volts
+Eg=V+Va+Vb;...................//Generated EMF in Volts
+Phi=Eg*60*Al*1000/(Z*N*P);......//Flux per pole in Mili Webers
+disp(Phi,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers:");
+Iap=Ia/Al;....................//Armature current per parallel path in Amperes
+disp(Iap,"Armature current per parallel path in Amperes:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8e9205f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1746aaef2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.12/EX26_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.12
+//SEPARATELY EXCITED GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=1000;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+V=125;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+I=200;..................//Load current at 1000 rpm in Amperes
+N1=800;.................//Speed of the generator dropped in rpm
+Ra=0.04;...............//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Vb=1*2;................//Brush drop in Volts
+
+R=V/I;.................//Load resistance in Ohms
+Eg1=V+(I*Ra)+Vb;...........//Generated EMF at 1000 rpm in Volts
+Eg2=Eg1*(N1/N);............//Generated EMF at 800 rpm in Volts
+I1=(Eg2-Vb)/(R+Ra);.........//Load current at 800 rpm in Amperes
+y=round(I1*10)/10;..........//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Load current at 800 rpm in Amperes:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e55cbbeec --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3850f26d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.13/EX26_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.13
+//4-POLE DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=900;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+P=4;....................//Number of poles
+V=220;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+E=240;..................//Induced voltage at rated speed in Volts
+Ra=0.2;...............//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Phi=10*10^-3;..........//Air gap flux per pole in Mili Webers
+T=8;.................//Armature turns per coil
+Aw=2;.................//Number of parallel paths for wave winding
+
+if E>V then printf("The machine is working as a generator as induced voltage is greater than terminal voltage \n");
+ else printf("The machine is working as a generator as induced voltage is less than terminal voltage \n");
+end
+
+Ia=(E-V)/Ra;..........................//Armature current in Amperes
+Z=E*Aw*600/(Phi*N*P);.................//Number of conductors
+disp(Z,"Number of conductors:");
+C=T*2;........................//Conductors per coil
+Co=Z/C;........................//Total number of armature coils
+
+disp(Co,"Total number of armature coils:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..45dc3fc96 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6610d9966 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.14/EX26_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26_14
+//COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=120;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=25;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.06;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+Rse=0.04;.........//Resistance of series field in Ohms
+I=100;.............//Load current in Amperes
+Rd=0.1;.............//Diverter resistance in Ohms
+
+//Induced EMF when the machine is connected as long shunt
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+disp(Ia,"Armature current in Amperes if the machine is connected as long shunt:");
+Vse=Ia*Rse;.........//Voltage drop in series winding in Volts
+y=round(Vse*100)/100;......//Rounding of decimal places
+Va=Ia*Ra;...........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+y1=round(Va*100)/100;.......//Rounding of decimal places
+E=V+Va+Vse;.............//Induced EMF in Volts
+y2=round(E*10)/10;.......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y2,"Induced EMF in Volts if the machine is connected as long shunt:");
+
+//Induced EMF when the machine is connected as short shunt
+Vse=I*Rse;.........//Voltage drop in series winding in Volts
+Vsh=V+Vse;...........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+Ish=Vsh/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+y3=round(Ish);
+Ia1=I+Ish;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+y3=round(Ia1);..........//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y3,"Armature current in Amperes if the machine is connected as short shunt:");
+Va=y3*Ra;..............//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+E1=V+Va+Vse;...........//Induced EMF in Volts
+disp(E1,"Induced EMF in Volts if the machine is connected as short shunt:");
+
+//Diverted connected in parallel with the series winding
+Ised=Ia*Rd/(Rd+Rse);....................//Current through series windin when diverter is connected in parallel in Amperes
+y4=round(Ised*100)/100;...................//Rounding of decimal places
+
+if y4<Ia then printf("Series field current has decreased from %0.2f A to %0.2f A",Ia,y4);
+ printf("\nChange in series field ampere-turns would be the same as the change in the field current");
+else
+ printf("Series field current has increased from %0.2f A to %0.2f A",Ia,y4);
+ printf("\nChange in series field ampere-turns would be the same as the change in the field current");
+end
+
+x=(y4-Ia)*100/Ia;.....................//Percentage decrease in series field ampere-turns
+y5=round(x*10)/10;....................//Rounding of decimal places
+printf("\nPercentage decrease in series field ampere-turns: %0.2f ",y5);
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0677b2a0c --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3cb008e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.15/EX26_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//4-POLE LONG SHUNT GENERATOR
+//EXAMPLE 26.15
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=1200;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Po=25;.................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+P=4;....................//Number of poles
+V=500;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+E=240;..................//Induced voltage at rated speed in Volts
+Ra=0.03;...............//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rse=0.04;.............//Series field resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=200;...............//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Vb=1*2;...............//Brush drop in Volts
+Phi=0.02;..........//Air gap flux per pole in Webers
+Al=P;...............//Number of parallel paths in lap wound generator
+
+I=(Po*10^3)/V;.............//Load currrent in Amperes
+Ish=V/Rsh;....................//Current across shunt field resistance in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+Vse=Ia*Rse;..........//Series field drop in Volts
+Va=Ia*Ra;............//Armature drop in Volts
+E=V+Vse+Va+Vb;..........//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+
+Z=E*60*Al/(Phi*N*P);..............//Total number of conductors
+y=round(Z);....................//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Total number of conductors:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..533d13fef --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6a2a434a --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.16/EX26_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.16
+//4-POLE DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=750;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+P=4;....................//Number of poles
+E=240;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Z=792;.................//Total number of conductors
+Phi=0.0145;..........//Air gap flux per pole in Webers
+Aw=2;...............//Number of parallel paths in wave wound generator
+
+Phi1=E*60*Aw/(P*N*Z);
+y=round(Phi1*10000)/10000;
+lc=Phi/Phi1;...................//Leakage Coefficient
+y1=round(lc*10)/10;
+disp(y1,"Leakage coefficient:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..deb543c40 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2b11b650 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.17/EX26_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.17
+//4-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=900;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+P=4;....................//Number of poles
+Phi=0.07;..........//Flux per pole in Webers
+T=220;.............//Number of turns in armature winding
+Rw=0.004;..........//Resistance per turn in Ohms
+Al=P;...............//Number of parallel paths in lap wound generator
+Ia=50;............//Armature current in Amperes
+
+Z=T*2;.....................//Total number of conductors
+E=(Phi*P*N*Z)/(60*Al);.....................//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+
+Rtc=T*Rw;.....................//Total resistance of 220 turns in Ohms
+Rp=Rtc/Al;...................//Resistance of each path in Ohms
+Ra=Rp/Al;...................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Va=Ia*Ra;....................//Armature drop in Volts
+V=E-Va;......................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+disp(V,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cbbe6c89 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9236207d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.18/EX26_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.18
+//4-POLE LONG SUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=900;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+P=4;....................//Number of poles
+Rse=0.02;.............//Series field resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=100;...............//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Phi=0.07;..........//Air gap flux per pole in Webers
+Al=P;...............//Number of parallel paths in lap wound generator
+T=220;.............//Number of turns in armature winding
+Rw=0.004;..........//Resistance per turn in Ohms
+Ia=50;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+
+Z=T*2;....................//Total number of conductors
+E=(Phi*P*N*Z)/(60*Al);.............//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+Rtc=T*Rw;.....................//Total resistance of 220 turns in Ohms
+Rp=Rtc/Al;...................//Resistance of each path in Ohms
+Ra=Rp/Al;...................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rca=Ra+Rse;..................//Armature circuit resistance in Ohms
+Va=Ia*Rca;...................//Armature circuit drop in Volts
+V=E-Va;.......................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+disp(V,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
+Ish=V/Rsh;....................//Current through in shunt field in Amperes
+y=round(Ish*100)/100;.............//Rounding of decimal places
+I=Ia-y;..........................//Load current in Amperes
+Po=V*I;................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+y1=round(Po);
+disp(y1,"Output power in Kilo Watts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c9d53c1a --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d1c8e1f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.19/EX26_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.19
+//SEPARATELY EXCITED DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=1200;.................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Ia=200;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+V=125;...........//Terminal voltage in Volts
+N1=1000;...........//Speed of the generator dropped in rpm
+Ifred=80;........//Reduction in field current in percentage
+Ra=0.04;........//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Vb=1*2;..........//Brush drop in Volts
+Eg1=V+Vb+(Ia*Ra);..............//Generated EMF when the speed is 1200 rpm in Volts
+disp(Eg1,"Generated EMF when the speed is 1200 rpm in Volts:");
+Eg2=(Ifred/100)*Eg1*(N1/N);...................//Generated EMF when the speed is 1000 rpm in Volts
+disp(Eg2,"Generated EMF when the speed is 1000 rpm in Volts:")
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b78346fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de0cdf80b --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.a/EX26_20a.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//EXAMPE 26.20(a)
+//4-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=poly(0,'V');
+P=4;.........................//Total number of poles
+Rsh=100;........................//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Ra=1;..........................//Armature resisitance in Ohms
+Aw=2;........................//Number of parallel paths in a wave wound generator
+Z=378;.....................//Total number of conductors
+Phi=0.02;.................//Flux per pole in Weber
+Rl=10;.....................//Load resistance in Ohms
+N=1000;..................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+
+Eg=(Phi*P*N*Z)/(60*Aw);....................//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(Eg,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+Ia=V/10+V/100;...........................//Load current(V/10)+Shunt current(V/100) in Amperes
+V1=Eg-(Ia*Ra)-V;.......................//Equation for terminal voltage in Volts
+r=roots(V1);...........................//Solution to the above equation
+y=round(r);............................//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
+I=y/Rl;...........................//Load current in Amperes
+disp(I,"Load current in Amperes:");
+Pa=y*I;.........................//Power absorbed by the load in Watts
+y1=round(Pa);.......................//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"Power absorbed by the load in Watts:");
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..69bb7ea70 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94f86eb30 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.20.b/EX26_20b.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.20(b)
+//4-POLE SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.........................//Total number of poles
+Rf=125;........................//Field resistance in Ohms
+Ra=0.2;..........................//Armature resisitance in Ohms
+Al=P;........................//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+Z=300;.....................//Total number of conductors
+Phi=0.1;.................//Flux per pole in Weber
+I=90;.....................//Load current in Amperes
+N=1000;........................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+
+E=(Phi*P*N*Z)/(60*Al);..............//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+If=E/Rf;................//Field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+If;................//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;................//Armature drop in Volts
+V=E-Va;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+
+disp(V,"Terminal voltage in Volts:");
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e125475bb --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77ad38477 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.a/EX26_21a.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.21(a)
+//6-POLE DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=6;.........................//Total number of poles
+N=1200;........................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+E=250;.........................//Generated EMF in Volts
+Da=350;........................//Armature diameter in Mili Meter
+ag=3;...........................//Radial air gap between the field poles and the armature in Mili Meter
+La=260;...........................//Axial length of field poles in Mili Meter
+C=96;.............................//Total number of coils
+T=3;............................//Total number of turns per coil
+D=2;...............................//Duplex lap wound
+Fc=80;..........................//Field pole effective coverage including fringing in Percentage
+
+Z=C*T*2;......................//Total number of conductors
+A=P*D;......................//Number of parallel paths in a duplex lap wound generator
+Phi=(E*60*A)/(P*N*Z);................//Flux per pole in Webers
+y=round(Phi*10000)/10000;............//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"(a).Flux per pole in Webers:");
+
+Di=Da+(2*ag);....................//Inner diameter of the pole shoe circle in Mili Meter
+Pl=(1/P)*%pi*Di*(Fc/100)/1000;..........//Effective pole arc length in Meters
+y1=round(Pl*1000)/1000;..............//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"(b).Efective pole arc length in Meters:");
+
+Psa=y1*La/1000;....................//Pole surface area in Mili Meter^2
+disp(Psa,"(c).Pole surface area in Mili Meter^2:");
+B=Phi/Psa;.............................//Flux density in Tesla
+y2=round(B*100)/100;
+disp(y2,"Flux density in Tesla:");
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d135ea5eb --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fd6b94395 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.b/EX26_21b.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.21(b)
+//4-POLE DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.........................//Total number of poles
+N=500;........................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+E=250;.........................//Generated EMF in Volts
+Z=1200;............................//Total number of conductors
+E=250;.............................//Generated EMF in Volts
+b=35;..............................//Bore of pole shoe in Centi Meters
+r=0.7;............................//Ratio of pole arc to pole pitch
+l=20;.............................//Length of pole shoe in Centi Meter
+Al=P;.............................//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+
+Pp=b*%pi/4;.......................//Pole pitch in Centi Meters
+y=round(Pp*10)/10;...............//Rounding of decimal places
+Pa=r*y;..........................//Pole arc in Centi Meters
+Par=Pa*l;......................//Pole area in Centi Meter^2
+Phi=(E*60*Al)/(P*N*Z);........//Flux per pole in Webers
+Mfd=Phi/(Par*10^-4);.............//Mean flux density in the air gap Weber/Meter^2
+y1=round(Mfd*100)/100;
+disp(y1,"Mean flux density in the air gap in Weber/Meter^2:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d59dce547 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0ee9b33d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.c/EX26_21c.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.21(c)
+//4-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.........................//Total number of poles
+S=80;........................//Total number of slots
+C=10;.........................//Total number of conductor per slots
+E1=400;.........................//Generated EMF at No load in Volts
+N1=1000;........................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+N2=800;.........................//Dropped speed of the generator in rpm
+Al=P;.........................//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+Z=S*C;........................//Total number of conductors
+E2=220;.......................//Generated open circuit voltage in Volts
+
+//Keeping speed held cnstant while changing the flux per pole
+printf("(i)Keeping speed held cnstant while changing the flux per pole");
+Phi1=(E1*60*Al)*1000/(P*N1*Z);...........//Flux per pole in Mili Webers at 400 Volts
+disp(Phi1,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers at 400 Volts:");
+
+Phi2=(E2/E1)*Phi1;....................//Flux per pole in Mili Webers at 220 Volts
+disp(Phi2,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers at 220 Volts:");
+
+if Phi2<Phi1 then
+ printf("By increasing the shunt field circuit resistance with the help of adding external rheostatic,\n");
+ printf("the current in the field circuit is reduced so as to decrease the flux to %0.1f mWb",Phi2);
+end
+
+
+//Keeping the same flux per pole while changing the speed
+printf("\n \n(ii).Keeping the same flux per pole while changing the speed");
+N=(E2*60)/((Phi1/1000)*N2);................//Speed of the generator in rpm at 30 Mili Webers
+disp(N,"Speed of the generator in rpm at 30 Mili Webers:");
+
+printf("Field circuit resistance must be reduced to a new value in order to obtain");
+printf("\n %0.1f mWb of flux pole from a voltage of 220 V",Phi);
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f17ab413 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..620e22fea --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.21.d/EX26_21d.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.21(d)
+//Short short DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=200;.................................//Load current in Amperes
+V=100;.................................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ra=0.04;.................................//Armature resisitance in Ohms
+Rse=0.03;................................//Series field resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=60;..................................//Shunt filed resistance in Ohms
+
+//Short shunt connection
+Va=V+(I*Rse);............................//Armature terminal voltage in Volts
+Ish=Va/Rsh;..............................//Shunt field current in Amperes
+y=round(Ish*1000)/1000;...................//Rounding of decimal places
+Ia=I+y;................................//Armature current in Amperes
+E=Va+(Ia*Ra);..........................//Armature induced EMF in Volts
+y1=round(E*100)/100;
+disp(y1,"Armature induced EMF in Volts in short shunt connection:");
+
+//Long shunt connection
+Ish1=V/Rsh;...........................//Shunt field current in Amperes
+y2=round(Ish1*1000)/1000;.............//Rounding of decimal places
+Ia=I+y;...............................//Armature current in Amperes
+Vase=Ia*(Ra+Rse);.......................//Total voltage drop in armature and series field winnding in Volts
+y3=round(Vase*100)/100;.................//Rounding of decimal places
+E1=y3+V;.............................//Armature induced EMF in Volts
+disp(E1,"Armature induced EMF in Volts in long shunt connection:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4fcb89d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7b634c7d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.22/EX26_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.22
+//LONG SHUNT DYNAMO
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=1000;...........................//Speed of the dynamo in rpm
+Po=20;.............................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=220;..............................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ra=0.04;...........................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=110;.............................//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Rse=0.05;...........................//Series field resistance in Ohms
+eff=85;..............................//Over all efficiency in Percentage
+
+I=(Po*1000)/(V);......................//Load current in Amperes
+y=round(I*100)/100;...................//Rounding of decimal places
+Ish=V/Rsh;...........................//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=y+Ish;..........................//Armature current in Amperes
+Pin=(Po*1000)/(eff/100);...........//Input power in Watts
+y1=round(Pin);.....................//rounding of decimal places
+
+l=y1-(Po*1000);.........................//Total losses in the machine in Watts
+
+//Copper losses
+lsea=((Ra+Rse)*Ia^2);....................//Losses in series field winding + armature winding in Watts
+y2=round(lsea);..........................//Rounding of decimal places
+lsh=(Rsh*Ish^2);........................//Losses in shunt field circuit in Watts
+Lc=y2+lsh;..............................//Total copper losses in watts
+disp(Lc,"(i).Total copper losses in watts:");
+
+//Iron and friction losses
+Lrf=l-Lc;..............................//Total iron and friction losses in Watts
+disp(Lrf,"(ii).Total iron and friction losses in Watts:");
+
+//Torque developed by the prime mover
+w=(2*3.14*N)/60;...................................//Angular speed in rad/sec
+y3=round(w*100)/100;..................................//Rounding of decimal places
+T=y1/y3;.......................................//Torque developed by the prime mover in Nw-m
+y4=round(T*10)/10;.............................//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y4,"(iii).Torque developed by the prime mover in Nw-m:");
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f03e2498 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ca096302 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.23/EX26_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.23
+//6-POLE SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=250;..................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Po=10;.................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+P=6;..................//Total number of poles
+N=1000;................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Al=P;..................//Number of parallel paths in a lap wound generator
+Z=534;..................//Total number of conductors
+Ra=0.4;......................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Lcu=0.64;................//Full load copper loss in Kilo Watts
+Vb=1;....................//Brush drop in Volts
+
+I=(Po*1000)/V;..............//Load current in Amperes
+Ia=I;......................//Armature current in Amperes
+Lacu=(Ra*Ia^2);............//Armature copper loss in Watts
+Va=Ia*Ra;.................//Armature drop in Volts
+E=V+Vb+Va;................//Generated EMF in Volts
+Phi=(E*60*Al*1000)/(P*N*Z);....//Flux per pole in Mili Webers
+disp(Phi,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..881833f73 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ec514cdb --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.a/EX26_24a.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.24(a)
+//SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=250;..............................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+I=195;..............................//Load current in Amperes
+Ra=0.02;...........................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=50;.............................//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Lif=950;............................//Iron and friction losses in Watts
+
+Ish=V/Rsh;...........//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;................//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;................//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+E=V+Va;................//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"(a).Generated EMF in Volts:")
+
+Lacu=(Ra*Ia^2);.......//Armature copper loss in Watts
+Lshu=(V*Ish);.........//Shunt copper loss in Watts
+Lcu=Lacu+Lshu;...........//Total copper loss in Watts
+disp(Lcu,"(b).Total copper loss in Watts");
+
+L=Lif+Lcu;................//Total losses in Watts
+Po=V*I;....................//Output power in Watts
+Pin=Po+L;..................//Output of prime mover in Watts
+disp(Pin,"(c).Output of prime mover in Watts:");
+
+Pa=Pin-Lif;.................//Power produced in armature in Watts
+effm=(Pa/Pin)*100;.........//Mechanical efficiency in Percentage
+y=round(effm*10)/10;......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"(d).Mechanical efficiency in Percentage:");
+effe=Po*100/(Po+Lcu);......//Electrical efficiency in Percentage
+y1=round(effe*10)/10;.......//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"Electrical efficiency in Percentage:");
+effc=(Po*100/Pin);..........//Commercial efficiency in Percentage
+y2=round(effc*10)/10;........//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y2,"Commercial efficiency in Percentage:");
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2103fca00 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92c1c2c27 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.24.b/EX26_24b.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.24(b)
+//DC SHUNT MOTOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=500;..............................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Il=5;..............................//Line current in Amperes
+Ra=0.15;...........................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rf=200;.............................//Field resistance in Ohms
+I=40;...............................//Load current in Amperes
+
+Ia=Il/2;..........................//Armature current in Amperes
+Lame=V*Ia;........................//Armature core loss and no load mechanical loss at rated speed in Watts
+Ita=I+Ia;.............................//Total current for armature in Amperes
+Lt=((Lame*2)+(Ra*Ita^2));................//Total losses in Watts
+Po=V*I*10^-3;................................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+y=round(Lt)/1000;...................................//Rounding of decimal places to Kilo Watts
+eff=Po*100/(Po+y);....................................//Efficiency in percentage
+y1=round(eff*100)/100;
+disp(y1,"Efficiency in percentage:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..820386365 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab724dee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.25/EX26_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.25
+//SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Ifl=196;....................//Full load current in Amperes
+V=220;.....................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ls=720;.....................//Stray losses in Watts
+Rsh=55;.....................//Shunt field coil resistance in Ohms
+efffl=88;....................//Full load efficiency in Percentage
+
+Po=V*Ifl;..................//Output power in Watts
+Pin=Po/(efffl/100);..............//Electrical input in Watts
+Lt=Pin-Po;.................//Total losses in Watts
+Ish=V/Rsh;.................//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=Ifl+Ish;.................//Armature current in Amperes
+Lshcu=V*Ish;................//Shunt copper loss in Watts
+Lco=Ls+Lshcu;...............//Constant lossess in Watts
+Lca=Lt-Lco;..................//Armature copper loss in Watts
+Ra=Lca/(Ia^2);................//Armature resistance in Ohms
+disp(Ra,"Armature resistance in Ohms:");
+I=sqrt(Lco/Ra);...............//Load current for maximum efficiency in Amperes
+y=round(I*10)/10;
+disp(y,"Load current for maximum efficiency in Amperes:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8eab26053 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..070e89bed --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.26/EX26_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.26
+//LONG SHUNT DYNAMO
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N=1000;.....................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Po=22;....................//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=220;....................//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ra=0.05;..................//Armature resisitance in Ohms
+Rsh=110;...................//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Rse=0.06;..................//Series field resisitance in Ohms
+eff=88;....................//Overall efficiency in Percentage
+
+Ish=V/Rsh;.....................//Shunt field current in Amperes
+I=(Po*1000)/V;.................//Load current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;........................//Armature current in Amperes
+Vse=Ia*Rse;.........................//Drop in series field windings in Volts
+Ly=(Ia^2)*Ra;........................//(Ia^2)Ra losses in Watts
+Lse=(Ia^2)*Rse;......................//Series field loss in Watts
+y=round(Lse*10)/10;.................//Rounding of decimal places
+Lsh=(Ish^2)*Rsh;....................//Shunt field loss in Watts
+Lcu=Ly+y+Lsh;.....................//Total copper losses in Watts
+disp(Lcu,"(a).Total copper losses in Watts:");
+Pin=(Po*1000)/(eff/100);................//Input power in Watts
+Lt=(Pin)-(Po*1000);................//Total lossees in Watts
+Lif=Lt-Lcu;.......................//Iron and friction losses in Watts
+T=(Pin*60)/(N*2*3.142);..............//Torque exerted by the prime mover in N-m
+y1=round(T*10)/10;.................//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"(b).Torque exerted by the prime mover in N-m:");
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f92c5c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac986af19 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.27/EX26_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.27
+//4 POLE DC GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=20;.......//Load current in Amperes
+Rl=10;......//Load resistance in Ohms
+Ra=0.5;......//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=50;......//Shunt field resisitance in Ohms
+Vb=1*2;.......//Brush drop in Volts
+
+V=I*Rl;......//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ish=V/Rsh;.....//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;.......//Armature current in Amperes
+E=V+(Ia*Ra)+Vb;...//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
+Pt=E*Ia;...........//Total power in Watts
+Uo=V*I;............//Useful output in Watts
+
+eff=(Uo/Pt)*100;........//Efficiency in Percentage
+y=round(eff*10)/10;....//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Efficiency in Percentage:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..41190b3e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..117cd3ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.28/EX26_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.28
+//LONG SHUNT COMPOUND WOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+V=240;.............//Voltage at full load in Volts
+I=100;.............//Load current in Amperes
+Ra=0.1;.............//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rse=0.02;...........//Series field resistance in Ohms
+Ri=0.025;..........//Interpole field resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=100;...........//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Li=1000;............//Iron loss at full load in Watts
+Lwf=500;.............//Windage and friction losses in Watts
+
+Po=V*I;...............//Output power in Watts
+Rat=Ra+Rse+Ri;......//Total armature circuit resistance in Ohms
+Ish=V/Rsh;.........//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;............//Armature current in Amperes
+Lacu=(Ia^2)*Rat;.....//Armature circuit copper loss in Watts
+Lshcu=V*Ish;.........//Shunt field copper loss in Watts
+Lt=Lacu+Li+Lwf+Lshcu;...//Total loss in Watts
+y=ceil(Lt);.............//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y,"Total loss in Watts:");
+eff=(Po)*100/((Po)+y);..........//Efficiency in Percentage
+y1=round(eff*10)/10;..............//Rounding of decimal places
+disp(y1,"Efficiency in Percentage:");
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..71de613de --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da593073a --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.29/EX26_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.29
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Lit1=8;............//Total iron loss in Kilo Watts
+Rsp=25;............//Speed reduced in Percentage
+Rasp=1;.............//Initial rated speed in rpm
+Lit2=5;...........//Total iron loss in Kilo Watts if speed is reduced
+
+//Total loss W= Wh+We=AN+BN^2
+//Wh=Hysteresis loss ; We=Eddy current loss
+A=[1 1;0.75 (0.75)^2;];
+B=[8;5];
+y=A\B;..........................//Wh and We at rated speed in Kilo Watts
+y1=round(y*100)/100;............//Roundin of decimal places
+disp(y1,"(i).Wh and We at rated speed in Kilo Watts respectively:");
+
+Wh=y1(1)*0.5;.....................//Wh at half speed in Kilo Watts
+We=y1(2)*(0.5^2);..................//We at half speed in Kilo Watts
+disp(Wh,"(ii).Wh at half speed in Kilo Watts:");
+disp(We,"We at half speed in Kilo Watts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1f09a64f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a20d5306 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.3/EX26_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.3
+//SHUNT FIELD GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=450;.............//Load current in Amperes
+V=230;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=50;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.03;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;..........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+
+y=round(Va*10)/10;.........//Rounding of decimal places
+
+Eg=V+y;..........//EMF generated in the armature in Volts
+disp(Eg,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts:");
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d474eaac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa8132387 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.30/EX26_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.30
+//DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+N1=1000;.........//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Wh=250;...........//Hysteresis loss in Watts
+We=100;...........//Eddy current loss in Watts
+
+
+//Total loss W= Wh+We=AN+BN^2 (equation 1)
+A=Wh/(N1/60);..........//Constant in Watts
+B=We/(N1/60)^2;........//Constant in Watts
+
+L=(Wh+We)/2;.........//Given:Total loss halved at speed N rpm in Watts
+N=poly(0,'N');
+W=(A*N)+(B*N^2)-(L);.........//(equation 1)
+r=roots(W)*60;..................//Speed at which total iron losses is halved in rpm
+printf("Speed at which total iron losses is halved in rpm: %d",r(2));....//Negatiive root ignored
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..5092bee66 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56d4195a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.31/EX26_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.31
+//DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Po=10;............//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=240;...........//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ra=0.6;..........//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=160;.........//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+Lcm=500;...........//Sum of core losses and mechanical losses in Watts
+
+If=V/Rsh;............//Field current in Amperes
+I=(Po*1000)/V;.......//Load current in Amperes
+y=round(I*100)/100;..//Rounding of decimal places
+Ia=y+If;.............//Armature current in Amperes
+Lfcu=Rsh*If^2;........//Field copper loss in Watts
+Lacu=Ra*Ia^2;...........//Armature copper loss in Watts
+y1=round(Lacu);..........//Rounding of decimal places
+Lt=((Lfcu)+(y1)+(Lcm))/1000;......//Total losses in Kilo Watt
+Pin=(Po)+Lt;...........//Power input at the shaft in Kilo Watts
+disp(Pin,"Power input at the shaft in Kilo Watts:");
+eff=Po*100/Pin;........//Efficiency in Percentage
+y2=round(eff*10)/10;
+disp(y2,"Efficiency in Percentage:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..634bfeac6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ca6e238f --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.32/EX26_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.32
+//LONG SHUNT DC COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Po=110;........//Output power in Kilo Watts
+V=220;........//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Ra=0.01;........//Armature resistance in Ohms
+Rse=0.002;.......//Series field resistance in Ohms
+Rsh=110;..........//Shunt field resistance in Ohms
+
+I=(Po*1000)/V;.....//Load current in Amperes
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Shunt field current in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;..........//Armature current in Amperes
+E=V+(Ia*(Ra+Rse));...//Generated EMF in Volts
+disp(E,"Generated EMF in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..db41f0825 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bab8fb03f --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.33/EX26_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.33
+//4-POLE DC SHUNT GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;........//Total number of poles
+Al=P;.......//Number of parallel paths in Lap wound generator
+Aw=2;.......//Number of parallel paths in Wave wound generator
+N=600;.......//Speed of the generator in rpm
+E=216;.........//Generated EMF in Volts
+S=144;........//Total number of slots
+C=6;............//Total number of conductors per slot
+N1=500;............//Speed of the generator when it is rewound in rpm
+Z=S*C;............//Total number of conductors
+
+Phi=(E*60*Al)*1000/(P*N*Z);......//Flux per pole in Mili Webers
+disp(Phi,"Flux per pole in Mili Webers:");
+
+E1=(Phi*P*N1*Z)/(60*Aw*1000);........//Generated EMF if the generator is wave wound in Volts
+disp(E1,"Generated EMF if the generator is wave wound in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1cb4b424 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61090457d --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.34/EX26_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.34
+//4-POLE LAP WOUND DC MACHINE
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Ra=0.15;...........//Armature resistance in Ohms
+P=4;..............//Number of poles
+Al=P;...............//Number of parallel paths if generator is lap wound
+Ral=Al*Ra;............//Armature resistance if generator is wave wound
+disp(Ral,"Armature resistance if generator is wave wound in Ohms:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb8f83a65 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3fe9acb73 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.4/EX26_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.4
+//LONG SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=50;.............//Load current in Amperes
+V=500;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=250;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.05;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+Rse=0.03;.........//Resistance of series field in Ohms
+Vb=2*1;............//Brush drop in Volts
+
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;..........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+Vse=Ia*Rse;........//Voltage drop on series field in Volts
+
+
+Eg=V+Va+Vb+Vse;..........//EMF generated in the armature in volts
+disp(Eg,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab5f63312 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7002d7116 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.5/EX26_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.5
+//SHORT SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=30;.............//Load current in Amperes
+V=220;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=200;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.05;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+Rse=0.30;.........//Resistance of series field in Ohms
+Vb=2*1;..............//Brush drop in Volts
+
+Vse=I*Rse;........//Voltage drop on series field in Volts
+Vsh=V+Vse;........//Voltage drop on shunt field in Volts
+Ish=Vsh/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+Va=Ia*Ra;..........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+
+y=round(Va*100)/100;............//Rounding of decimal places
+
+Eg=V+y+Vb+Vse;..........//EMF generated in the armature in Volts
+disp(Eg,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b48424ac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0c9234eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.6/EX26_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.6
+//LONG SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+I=150;.............//Load current in Amperes
+V=230;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=92;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.032;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+Rse=0.015;.........//Resistance of series field in Ohms
+Rd=0.03;...........//Diverter resistance in Ohms
+Vb=2*1;..............//Brush drop in Volts
+
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=I+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+
+Vse=Ia*Rse;........//Voltage drop on series field in Volts
+
+Rc=(Rse*Rd)/(Rse+Rd);........//Combined resistance of series field resistance and diverter resistance in Ohms
+Rta=Ra+Rc;.........//Total armature circuit resistance in Ohms
+
+Va=Ia*Rta;..........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+
+y=round(Va*10)/10;...........//Rounding of decimal places
+Eg=V+y;..........//EMF generated in the armature in Volts
+disp(Eg,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts:");
+
+Pt=Eg*Ia;.........//Total power generated in armature in Watts
+disp(Pt,"Total power generated in armature in Watts:");
+
+IaRa=(Ia^2)*Ra;
+y1=round(IaRa);..............//Rounding of decimal places
+Psedi=(Ia^2)*Rc;
+y2=floor(Psedi);..............//Rounding of decimal places
+Psh=V*Ish;
+Pl=V*I;
+
+Pl=y1+y2+Psh+Pl;............//Power lost in armature in Watts
+
+disp(Pl,"Power lost in armature in Watts:");
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1af1a0ad0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b17eb0d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.7/EX26_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.7
+//LONG SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+Po=300*10^3;.............//Output power in Watts
+V=600;.............//Terminal voltage in Volts
+Rsh=75;............//Resistance of shunt field in Ohms
+Ra=0.03;...........//Resistance of armature in Ohms
+Rse=0.012;.........//Resistance of series field in Ohms
+Rd=0.036;...........//Diverter resistance in Ohms
+Rcf=0.011;.........//Commutating field winding resistance in Ohms
+Io=Po/V;..........//Output current in Amperes
+Ish=V/Rsh;..........//Current through shunt field in Amperes
+Ia=Io+Ish;...........//Armature current in Amperes
+
+Vse=Ia*Rse;........//Voltage drop on series field in Volts
+Rc=(Rse*Rd)/(Rse+Rd);........//Combined resistance of series field resistance and diverter resistance in Ohms
+Rta=Ra+Rc+Rcf;.........//Total armature circuit resistance in Ohms
+Va=Ia*Rta;..........//Armature voltage drop in Volts
+Eg=V+Va;..........//EMF generated in the armature in Volts
+disp(Eg,"EMF generated in the armature in Volts:");
+
+Pg=Eg*Ia/1000;..........//Power generated by the armature in Kila Watts
+y=round(Pg*10)/10;
+
+disp(y,"Power generated by the armature in Kilo Watts:");
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfc0d3fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21e4258f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.8/EX26_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//EXAMPLE 26.8
+//VOLTAGE GENERATED BY A FOUR POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=4;.....................//Number of poles
+S=51;....................//Number of slots
+C=20;....................//Number of conductors per slot
+N=1500;..................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Phi=7*10^-3;............//Flux per pole in Weber
+A=P;....................//Number of parallel paths for lap winding
+Z=S*C;.................//Number of conductors
+
+Eg=Phi*P*N*Z/(60*A);..............//Voltage generated in Volts
+disp(Eg,"Voltage generated in Volts:");
diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.jpg b/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a099af7f --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.jpg diff --git a/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.sce b/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b64cdfab6 --- /dev/null +++ b/1418/CH26/EX26.9/EX26_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//example 26.9
+//VOLTAGE GENERATED BY A FOUR POLE GENERATOR
+
+clc;
+funcprot(0);
+
+//Variable Initialisation
+P=8;.....................//Number of poles
+Z=500;.....................//Number of conductors
+N=1200;..................//Speed of the generator in rpm
+Phi=0.05;............//Flux per pole in Weber
+Al=P;....................//Number of parallel paths for lap winding
+Aw=2;....................//Number of parallel paths for wave winding
+
+Eg=Phi*P*N*Z/(60*Al);..............//Voltage generated in Volts
+disp(Eg,"Voltage generated in Volts:");
+
+Nw=(Eg*60*Aw)/(Phi*P*Z);...........//Speed of the generator if wavewound in rpm
+disp(Nw,"Speed of the generator if wavewound in rpm:");
+
+//Additional Explanation
+I=1;...............//Current per conductor in Amperes
+printf("(a).Lap wound,1200 rpm,500V per coil,8 groups in parallel");
+Inet1=Al*I;.................//Net current in Amperes
+Po1=Eg*Inet1/1000;...............//Output power in Kilo Watts
+disp(Po1,"Output power in Kilo Watts:");
+
+printf("(b).Wave wound,300 rpm,500V per coil,2 groups in parallel-1 group has 4 coils in series");
+Inet2=Aw*I;.................//Net current in Amperes
+Po2=Eg*Inet2;...............//Output power in Watts
+disp(Po2,"Output power in Watts:");
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
|
