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+//acids and bases//

+//example 2.12//

+K=1.7*10^-5;//Dissociation constant of NH4OH//

+N=0.01;//Normality of NH4OH solution//

+V=1/N;

+a=sqrt(K*V);//since a is very small//

+printf('percentage of ionization is %f',a);

+OH=a*N;

+printf('\n concentration of OH- ions before addition of NH4Cl is %fg.ion/lit',OH);

+disp("concentration of hydroxyl ions after adding NH4Cl:");

+disp(" In the presence of highly ionized NH4Cl,ammonium-hydroxide will remain practically unionized.Thus,all NH4+ ions will be obtained from dissociation of NH4Cl");

+NH4=0.05;//concentration of NH4+ in g.ion/lit//

+NH4OH=0.01;//concentration of NH4OH in g.mol/lit//

+OH=K*NH4OH/NH4;

+OH=OH/10^-6;

+printf('\n the concentration of hydroxyl ions after adding NH4Cl is %fmg.ion/lit',OH);

+disp(" A comparision of OH- concentration under two conditions indicate that hydroxyl ion concentration is decreased by addition of ammonium chloride");
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