initial commit / add all books

39 files changed, 539 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58fcd1963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculating guarantee value of capacitance

+clc;

+As = 1;

+Er=0.05;

+Aau=As*(1+Er);

+disp(Aau,'Upper limit(micro F)=');

+Aal=As*(1-Er);

+disp(Aal,'Lower limit(micro F)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca4e4321a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude of power and limiting error

+clc;

+F=4.58;

+L=397;

+R=1202*10^-9;

+t=60;

+P=(2*%pi*9.81*F*L*R)/(t*10^6);

+disp(P,'Magnitude of power (W)=')

+dF_pu=0.02/F; // per unit error in force

+dL_pu=1.3/L; // per unit error in Length

+dR_pu=1/R; // per unit error in revolution

+dt_pu=0.5/t; // per unit error in time

+dP_pu= dF_pu+dL_pu+dR_pu+dt_pu;

+dP_le=dP_pu*P;

+disp(dP_le,'Magnitude of limiting error in power (W)') 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fac3862b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude of Force and limiting error

+clc;

+E=200*10^9;

+L=25*10^-3;

+b=4.75*10^-3;

+d=0.9*10^-3;

+I=(b*d^3)/12;

+x=2.5*10^-3;

+F=(3*E*I*x)/(L^3);

+disp(F,'Magnitude of Force (N)=')

+dE_pu=0/E; // per unit error in E

+db_pu=0.0075/b; 

+dd_pu=0.0075/d;  

+dx_pu=0.025/x; 

+dL_pu=0.025/L;

+dF_pu= (dE_pu+db_pu+3*dd_pu+dx_pu+3*dL_pu)*10^-3;

+

+disp(dF_pu,'limiting error in force (N)=+/-') 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..976675494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculate the power loss and relative error 

+clc;

+I=64*10^-3;

+R=3200;

+P=(I^2)*R;

+disp(P,'Power(W)=')

+Re=2*0.75+0.2;

+disp(Re,'Relative error (%)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..51c705698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the true power as a percentage of measured power

+clc;

+I=30.4;

+R=0.015;

+I_true=I*(1+0.012);

+R_true=R*(1-0.003);

+P_true=(I_true^2)*R_true;

+P_measured=(I^2)*R;

+R=P_true*100/P_measured;

+disp(R,'true power as a percentage of measured power(%)=' )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..310aadd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//calculate the total resistance, error of each register and fractional error of total resistance

+clc;

+R1=250;

+R2=500;

+R3=375;

+R_true=1/((1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3));

+disp(R_true, 'True value of resistance(ohm)=')

+dR1= 0.025*R1;

+dR2=-0.36*R2;

+dR3=0.014*R3;

+R1_effective=R1+dR1;

+R2_effective=R2+dR2;

+R3_effective=R3+dR3;

+R_effective=1/((1/R1_effective)+(1/R2_effective)+(1/R3_effective));

+disp(R_effective, 'Effective value of resistance(ohm)=')

+Fractional_error=(R_true-R_effective)/R_true;

+disp(Fractional_error,'Fractional_error') 

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93f93b965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//

+clc;

+disp('When all the components have 0% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L=160*10^-6;

+C=160*10^-12;

+fr=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L*C)]^0.5;

+disp(fr)

+disp('When all the components have +10% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L_new=(160*10^-6)+0.1*L;

+C_new=(160*10^-12)+0.1*C;

+fr_new=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L_new*C_new)]^0.5;

+disp(fr_new)

+error=(fr_new-fr)/fr;

+disp(error,'error=')

+disp('When all the components have -10% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L_new=(160*10^-6)-0.1*L;

+C_new=(160*10^-12)-0.1*C;

+fr_new=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L_new*C_new)]^0.5;

+disp(fr_new)

+error=(fr_new-fr)/fr;

+disp(error,'error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..57120c7b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculate the Volume and relative error 

+clc;

+L=250;

+d=50;

+V=((%pi/4)*d^2)*L;

+disp(V,'Volume(mm3)=')

+Re=2*0.2-0.5;

+disp(Re,'Relative error (%)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c5aca438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// calculate the per unit change in the value of spring for different temperature ranges

+clc;

+dG_pu=-240*10^-6;

+dD_pu=11.8*10^-6;

+disp('for temperature change of 20 degree C to 50 degree C (%) =')

+d_th=30;

+dK_pu=(dG_pu+dD_pu)*d_th*100;

+disp(dK_pu)

+disp('for temperature change of 20 degree C to -50 degree C (%) =')

+d_th=-70;

+dK_pu=(dG_pu+dD_pu)*d_th*100;

+disp(dK_pu)

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbd464582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate apparent resistance, actual resistance and error

+clc;

+Et=100;

+It=5*10^-3;

+Rt=Et/It;

+disp(Rt,'apparent value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rv=1000*150;

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt);

+disp(Rx,'true value of resistance(ohm)')

+Er_percentage=[(Rt-Rx)/Rx]*100;

+disp(Er_percentage,'percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2cfbfc533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate apparent resistance, actual resistance and error

+clc;

+Et=40;

+It=800*10^-3;

+Rt=Et/It;

+disp(Rt,'apparent value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rv=1000*150;

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt);

+disp(Rx,'true value of resistance(ohm)')

+Er_percentage=[(Rt-Rx)/Rx]*100;

+disp(Er_percentage,'percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..353766303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculating percentage limiting error

+clc;

+As = 150;

+Er=0.01;

+dA=As*Er;

+As1=75;

+Er=(dA/As1)*100;

+disp(Er,'Percentage limiting error =');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9acb03f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Calculate the error and percentage error in the measurement of deflection

+clc;

+l=0.2;

+E=200*10^9;

+b=20*10^-3;

+d=5*10^-3;

+D=(4*l^3)/(E*b*d^3);

+F=1*9.81;

+x_true= D*F;

+disp(x_true,'True value of deflection')

+x_indicated=D*10.31/(1+.1*D);

+disp(x_indicated,'Indicated value of deflection')

+Er=x_indicated-x_true;

+disp(Er,'error=')

+Er_percentage=Er*100/x_true;

+disp(Er_percentage,'Percentage error=')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d26b333b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//to find the mean,deviations from the mean, Average deviation, standard deviation and variance

+

+clc;

+x=[532 548 543 535 546 531 543 536];

+X=sum(x);

+n=8; 

+a=0;

+Mean=X/n;

+disp(X/n,'mean (kHZ)');

+for i=1:n,

+d(i)=x(i)-Mean

+    disp(d(i),'deviations =')

+  a=a+(abs(d(i)))

+   end 

+   d_average=a/n;

+disp(d_average,'Average deviation (kHz)=')

+d_2=sum(d^2);

+s=sqrt(d_2/(n-1))

+disp(s,'standard deviation(kHz)');

+V=s^2;

+disp(V,'varaince (kHZ)2=')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e59218d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//to find the mean,standard deviation, probable error and range

+

+clc;

+x=[41.7 42 41.8 42 42.1 41.9 42 41.9 42.5 41.8];

+X=sum(x); disp(X);

+d=[-.27 .03 -.17 .03 .13 -.07 .03 -.07 .53 -.17];

+d_2=sum(d^2);

+n=10;

+disp(X/n,'mean length(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(d_2/n),'standard deviation(if data is infinite)(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(d_2/(n-1)),'standard deviation(deg C)');

+r1=.6745*sqrt(d_2/(n-1));

+disp(r1,'probable error of 1 reading(deg C)');

+disp(r1/sqrt(n-1),'probable error of mean(deg C)');

+disp(max(x)-min(x),'range(deg C)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..878b1ca51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//to find the arithematic mean, maen deviation,standard deviation, prpobable error of 1 reading, standard deviation and probable error of mean, standard deviation of standard deviation

+

+clc;

+T=[397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405];

+f=[1 3 12 23 37 16 4 2 2];

+Tf=sum(abs(T.*f));

+disp(Tf/sum(f),'mean temp(deg C)');

+d=[-3.78 -2.78 -1.78 -.78 .22 1.22 2.22 3.22 4.22];

+disp(sum(f.*d)/sum(f),'mean deviation(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)),'standard deviation(deg C)');

+disp(.6745*sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)),'probable error of 1 reading(deg C)');

+disp((.6745*sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)),'probable error of mean(deg C)');

+disp((sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)),'standard deviation of mean(deg C)');

+disp((sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)*2),'standard deviation of standard deviation(deg C)');

+

+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f67f370a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//to find probable no of resistors

+

+clc;

+x=.15;    //deviation 

+o=.1;    //standard deviation

+t=x/o;

+A=.4432    //area under gaussian curve corresponding to t

+n=2*A*1000;

+disp(floor(n),'no of resistors');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..886cab058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//to find no of 100 rsding exceed 30mm

+

+clc;

+x=30-26.3;    //mean value 26.3

+r=2.5;

+o=r/.6745;

+t=x/o;

+A=.3413;//area under gaussian curve corresponding to t

+n=2*A*100;

+nn=100-floor(n);

+disp(nn/2,'no of readings exceed');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..961b9be06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//to find no of rods of desired length

+

+clc;

+n=25000;    //no of rods

+n1=12500; //length>10mm

+n2=2000;    //length>10.25

+a=n1-n2;    //10<length<10.25

+p=a/n;

+t=1.41;    //using p

+t1=t*2;

+p1=.4975;

+b=p1*n;    //9.5<length<10

+disp(a+floor(b),'total no of rods');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fabc2394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//to find standard deviation and probability of error

+

+clc;

+p=.2;

+x=.8;

+t=.5025;

+sd=x/t;

+disp(sd,'stndard deviation');

+x=1.2;

+t=x/sd;

+p=2*.2743;

+disp(p,'probability of error');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f8bcd102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//to find no of expected readings

+

+clc;

+x=20;

+h=0.04;

+sd=1/(sqrt(2)*h);

+t=x/sd;

+

+P=.3708;

+disp(ceil(2*P*x),'no of expected readings');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78f1cbf39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//to calculate precision index of instrument

+

+clc;

+t=.675;

+x=2.4;

+sd=x/t;

+h=1/(sqrt(2)*sd);

+disp(h,'precision index');

+t=(50-44)/sd;

+p=.45;

+n=8*30;    //sept month no of measurements

+a=((.5-p)*n);

+disp(a,'no of false alarms');

+

+rn=a/2;    //reduced no of false alarms

+p1=rn/n;

+P=.5-p1;

+t=1.96;

+sd=(50-44)/t;

+h=1/(sqrt(2)*sd);

+disp(h,'precision index');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2e9da354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the range of readings

+clc;

+fsd=1000;

+TP=100;

+Efsd=(1/100)*1000;

+disp(Efsd,'magnitude of Error when specified in terms of full scale deflection (w)=')

+disp('Thus the meter will read between 90W and 110W')

+Etv=(1/100)*100;

+disp(Etv,'magnitude of Error when specified in terms of true value (w)=')

+disp('Thus the meter will read between 99W and 101W')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d2a8cf0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//to find confidence interval for given confidence levels

+

+clc;

+cl=[.5 .9 .95 .99];

+s=.22;

+d=[.7 1.83 2.26 3.25];

+function [a]=ci(b)

+    a=s*b;

+endfunction

+

+CI(1)=ci(d(1));

+CI(2)=ci(d(2));

+CI(3)=ci(d(3));

+CI(4)=ci(d(4));

+

+disp(CI,'confidence interval');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6199f0620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//to point out the reading that can be rejected by chavenets criterion

+

+clc;

+x=[5.3 5.73 6.77 5.26 4.33 5.45 6.09 5.64 5.81 5.75]*10^-3;

+d=[-.313 .117 1.157 -.353 -1.283 -.163 .477 .027 .197 .137]*10^-3;

+n=10;

+X=sum(x)/n;

+s=sqrt(sum(d^2)/(n-1));

+a=abs(d)/s;disp(a);

+

+

+for i=1:10,

+

+if a(i)>1.96 then

+    disp(x(i),'rejected value');

+end 

+  end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01e0f6ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//calculate standard deviation

+

+clc;

+x=[.9 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.7 6.7];

+y=[1.1 1.6 2.6 3.2 4 5];

+n=6;

+a=((n*sum(x.*y)-(sum(x)*sum(y)))/((sum(x^2)*n)-sum(x)^2));

+b=((sum(y)*sum(x^2)-(sum(x)*sum(x.*y)))/((sum(x^2)*n)-sum(x)^2));

+

+sdy=sqrt((1/n)*sum((a*x+b-y)^2));

+sdx=sdy/a;

+

+sa=sqrt(n/(n*sum(x^2)-sum(x)^2))*sdy;

+sb=sqrt(sum(x^2)/(n*sum(x^2)-sum(x)^2))*sdy;

+disp(sa,'s_a');

+disp(sb,'s_b');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01011db36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//determine value of total current considering errors as limiting errors ans as standrd deviations

+

+clc;

+I1=200;

+I2=100;

+dI1=2;

+dI2=5;

+I=I1+I2;

+dI=((I1/I)*(dI1/I1)+(I2/I)*(dI2/I2));

+disp('error considered as limiting errors');

+disp(I,'I');

+disp(dI*I,'dI');

+sdI=sqrt(dI1^2+dI2^2);

+disp('error considered as standard deviations');

+disp(I,'I');

+disp(sdI,'sdI');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cef1f69f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//determine probable error in the computed value of resistnce

+

+clc;

+r_V=12;

+I=10;

+r_Rv=r_V/I;

+V=100;

+r1=2;

+r_Ri=V*r1/I^2;

+r_R=sqrt(r_Rv^2+r_Ri^2);

+disp(r_R,'r_R');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c278f392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//to find Cq and its possible errors

+

+clc;

+d=12.5;

+A=(%pi/4)*d^2*10^-6;

+W=392;

+t=600;

+p=1000;

+g=9.81;

+h=3.66;

+Cq=W/(t*p*A*sqrt(2*g*h));

+disp(Cq,'Cq');

+dW=.23/W;

+dt=2/t;

+dp=.1/100;

+dA=2*.002;

+dg=.1/100;

+dh=.003/h;

+dd=.002;

+dCq=Cq*(dW+dt+dp+dA+dg/2+dh/2);

+disp(dCq*100/Cq,'%age absolute error');

+

+sdCq=Cq*sqrt(dW^2+dt^2+dp^2+4*dd^2+.25*(dg^2+dh^2));

+disp(sdCq*100/Cq,'%age standard deviation error');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37dc25db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//calculate power disipated and uncertaainity in power

+

+clc;

+V=110.2;

+I=5.3;

+P=V*I;disp(P,'power(W) dissipated');

+w_v=.2;

+w_i=0.06;

+dp=sqrt((w_v*I)^2+(w_i*V)^2);

+disp(dp*100/P,'uncertainity in power(%)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e070dd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//to find uncertainity in combined resistance in both series and in parrallel

+

+clc;

+R1=100;

+R2=50;

+wR1=.1;

+wR2=0.03;

+disp('series conn');

+R=R1+R2;disp(R,'resistance(ohm)');

+dR1=1;

+dR2=1;

+wR=sqrt((dR1*wR1)^2+(dR2*wR2)^2);disp(wR,'uncertainity in resistance(ohm)');

+

+disp('parrallel conn');

+R=R1*R2*(R1+R2)^-1;disp(R,'resistance(ohm)');

+dR1=(R2/(R1+R2))-((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)^2);

+dR2=(R1/(R1+R2))-((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)^2);

+wR=sqrt((dR1*wR1)^2+(dR2*wR2)^2);disp(wR,'uncertainity in resistance(ohm)');

+

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5c9ac18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Calculate the limiting error in percent

+clc;

+dA=0.05*5*10^-6;

+As=2.5*10^-6;

+Er=(dA/As)*100;

+disp(Er,'percemtage limiting error =+/-')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72f013a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//to calculate uncertainity in measurement

+

+clc;

+l=150;

+dl=0.01;

+b=50;

+wA=l*dl;

+disp('when no uncertainity in measurement of length');

+disp(wA,'uncertainity in measurement of area(m*m)');

+

+disp('when no certainity in measurement of length');

+wA=1.5*1.5;

+wB=0.01;

+wL=sqrt((wA^2-(l*wB)^2)/b^2);

+disp(wL,'uncertainity in measurement of length(m)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd22fcca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//to calculate uncertainity in power

+

+clc;

+E=100;

+dE=.01;

+I=10;

+dI=0.01;

+R=10;

+dR=.01;

+dP=sqrt(4*dE^2+dR^2)*100;    //P=E^2/R

+disp(dP,'%age uncertainity in power measurement');

+

+dP=sqrt(dE^2+dI^2)*100;    //P=E*I

+disp(dP,'%age uncertainity in power measurement');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5c8ac301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the range of readings specified interms of f.s.d. and true value

+clc;

+disp('Range when specified interms of f.s.d.')

+Error_fsd=1*1000/100'

+Range_lower_value=100-Error_fsd;

+disp(Range_lower_value,'Lower value of range (kN/m2)')

+Range_upper_value=100+Error_fsd;

+disp(Range_upper_value,'Upper value of range (kN/m2)')

+disp('Range when specified interms of True value')

+Error_true=1*100/100'

+Range_lower_value=100-Error_true;

+disp(Range_lower_value,'Lower value of range (kN/m2)')

+Range_upper_value=100+Error_true;

+disp(Range_upper_value,'Upper value of range (kN/m2)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b2d4dd31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude and limiting error in ohm and in percentage of the resistance

+clc;

+R1=37;

+R1_le=5*R1/100;

+R2=75;

+R2_le=5*R2/100;

+R3=50;

+R3_le=5*R3/100;

+R=R1+R2+R3;

+disp(R,'Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+R_le=R1_le+R2_le+R3_le;

+disp(R_le,'Limiting Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Limiting_error_percentage=R_le*100/R;

+disp(Limiting_error_percentage,'Limiting Value of resistance (percentage)=+/-')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87297a193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculate the value of  relative limiting error in resistance

+clc;

+Re_P=1.5;

+Re_I=1;

+Re_resistance=(Re_P+2*Re_I);

+disp(Re_resistance,'the value of  relative limiting error of resistance in percentage(+/-)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..491ac18c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Calculate the guaranteed values of the resistance

+clc;

+R1=100;

+R1_le_perunit=0.5; // R1_le_perunit indicates dR1/R1 = 0.5%

+R2=1000;

+R2_le_perunit=0.5;

+R3=842;

+R3_le_perunit=0.5;

+Rx=R2*R3/R1;

+disp(Rx,'Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rx_le_perunit=R1_le_perunit+R2_le_perunit+R3_le_perunit;

+

+disp(Rx_le_perunit,'Limiting Value of resistance per unit (dRx/Rx)=')

+Er_Le=Rx_le_perunit*Rx/100;

+disp(Er_Le,'Limiting Value of resistance (ohm)=+/-')

+disp('Guarantee value of the resistance (ohm)=')

+G1=Rx+Er_Le;

+G2=Rx-Er_Le;

+disp(G1,G2,'')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a7b50a983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Calculate the percentage limiting error and range of resistance values

+clc;

+disp('decade a is set at 4000 ohm, so,error in decade a=')

+Er_a=4000*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_a)

+disp('decade b is set at 600 ohm, so,error in decade b=')

+Er_b=600*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_b)

+disp('decade c is set at 30 ohm, so,error in decade c=')

+Er_c=30*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_c)

+disp('decade d is set at 9 ohm, so,error in decade d=')

+Er_d=9*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_d)

+Er_total=Er_a+Er_b+Er_c+Er_d;

+Re_le_percentage=Er_total*100/4639;

+disp(Re_le_percentage,'Percentage Relative limiting error=')

+Range_lower=4639-Er_total;

+disp(Range_lower,'Lower value of range (ohm)=')

+Range_upper=4639+Er_total;

+disp(Range_upper,'upper value of range (ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file