initial commit / add all books

208 files changed, 2438 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73825276d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.1/2_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// calculating static error and static correction
+clc;
+disp('calculating static error and static correction')
+Am = 127.50;
+At = 127.43;
+e=Am-At;
+disp(e,'Static error(V)=');
+Sc=-e;
+disp(Sc,'Static Correction(V)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..871c5bb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.10/2_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// calculating the ratio of output signal to noise signal 

+clc;

+disp('The noise voltage is')

+Bw=100*10^3;

+K=1.38*10^-23;

+T=300;

+R=120;

+A=(K*T*R*Bw)^0.5;

+En=2*A;

+disp(En,'Noise voltage (V)=');

+Eno=0.12*10^-3;

+disp(Eno,'Noise voltage at output(V)=');

+Ra=Eno/En;

+disp(Ra,'Ratio of signal votage to Noise voltage =');

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41ac30ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.12/2_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//calculating the average force and range of error

+clc;

+F1=10.03;

+F2=10.10;

+F3=10.11;

+F4=10.08;

+Fav=(F1+F2+F3+F4)/4;

+disp(Fav,'Average Force(N) =');

+Fmax=F3;

+MaxR=Fmax-Fav;

+Fmin=F1;

+MinR=Fav-Fmin;

+AvgR=(MaxR+MinR)/2;

+disp(AvgR,'Average range of error (N)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0856973e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.13/2_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the sum of resistances connected in series with uncertainity of one unit

+clc;

+R1=72.3;

+R2=2.73;

+R3=0.612;

+R=(R1+R2+R3);

+disp(R,'sum of resistances(ohm) =');

+

+disp('the resultant resistance is 75.6 ohm with 6 as first doutful figure')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab032a77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.14/2_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//calculating the power with uncertainity of one unit in voltage and current

+clc;

+V=12.16;

+I=1.34;

+P=V*I;

+disp(P,'Power(W) =');

+

+disp('the resultant  is 16.2 W with 2 as first doutful figure')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e826fa64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.15/2_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the sum of resistances connected in series with appropriate number of significant figure

+clc;

+R1=28.7;

+R2=3.624;

+

+R=(R1+R2);

+disp(R,'sum of resistances(ohm) =');

+

+disp('the resultant resistance is 32.3 ohm as one of the resistance is accurate to three significant figure')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fff597436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.16/2_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the voltage drop with appropriate number of significant figure

+clc;

+R=31.27;

+I=4.37;

+

+E=I*R;

+disp(E,'voltage drop(V) =');

+

+disp('the voltage drop is 137 V as one of the resistance is accurate to three significant figure')

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c02fe6920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.17/2_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//calculating the sensitivity and deflection factor of wheatstone bridge

+clc;

+Mo=3;

+Mi=7;

+Sen=Mo/Mi;

+disp(Sen,'sensitivity(mm per ohm) =');

+Df=Mi/Mo;

+disp(Df,'deflection factor( ohm per mm) =');

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84593e7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.18/2_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//calculating the volume of the mercury thermometer

+clc;

+Ac=(%pi/4)*0.25^2;

+disp(Ac,'Area of mercury thermometer')

+Lc=13.8*10^3;

+Vc=Ac*Lc;

+disp(Vc,'Volume of mercury thermometer(mm3)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40ebe2811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.19/2_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the maximum position deviation, resistance deviation 

+clc;

+Pl=0.001;

+FSD=320;

+R=10000;

+MDD=(Pl*FSD);

+disp(MDD,'Maximum displacement deviation(degree)=');

+MRD=Pl*R;

+disp(MRD,'Maximum displacement deviation(ohm)=');

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6eff0609e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.2/2_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating true value of the temperature

+clc;

+disp('calculating true value of the temperature')

+Am = 95.45;

+Sc=-0.08;

+At=Am+Sc;

+disp(At,'True Temperature(Degree C)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..697b0ffdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.20/2_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//calculating the dead zone

+clc;

+disp('span s=')

+s=600;

+Dz=0.00125*s;

+disp(Dz,'Dead zone(degree C)=');

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e2d978bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.22/2_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//calculating the Resolution

+clc;

+Fs=200;

+D=100;

+SD=Fs/D;

+R=SD/10;

+disp(R,'resolution (V)=')

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0dba61b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.23/2_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//calculating the Resolution

+clc;

+Fs=9.999;

+D=9999;

+SD=Fs/D;

+R=SD;

+disp(R,'resolution (V)=')

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.24/2_24.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.24/2_24.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..50309ded1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.24/2_24.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the reading of the multimeter and percentage error

+clc;

+Zl=20000;

+Zo=10000;

+Eo=6;

+El=Eo/(1+Zo/Zl);

+disp(El,'Reading of the multimeter (V)=')

+PE=((El-Eo)/Eo)*100;

+disp(PE,'Percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.25/2_25.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.25/2_25.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8c03708e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.25/2_25.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//calculating the reading of the multimeter and percentage error

+clc;

+Zl=20000;

+Zo=1000;

+Eo=6;

+El=Eo/(1+Zo/Zl);

+disp(El,'Reading of the multimeter (V)=')

+PE=((El-Eo)/Eo)*100;

+disp(PE,'Percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.26/2_26.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.26/2_26.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c98e9151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.26/2_26.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//calculating the loading error

+clc;

+Zl=1000;

+Zo=200*200/400;

+Eo=100*200/400;

+El=Eo/(1+Zo/Zl);

+disp(El,'Reading of the multimeter (V)=')

+PE=((El-Eo)/Eo)*100;

+disp(PE,'Percentage loading error=')

+Ac=100+PE;

+disp(Ac,'Accuracy=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.27/2_27.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.27/2_27.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..126c0d4d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.27/2_27.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//calculating the voltage across the oscilloscope

+clc;

+C=50*10^-6;

+f=100000;

+disp(f,'frequency=')

+Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*C);

+R=10^6;

+Zl=(R*-%i*Xc)/(R-%i*Xc);

+Eo=1;

+Zo=10*10^3;

+

+El=Eo/(1+Zo/Zl);

+disp(El,'Reading of the multimeter (V)=')

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ac0128faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.28/2_28.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//calculating the actual value of current, measured value of current and percentage error

+clc;

+

+Eo=10-((10*1000)/(1000+1000));

+Zo=((1000*1000)/(1000+1000))+500;

+Io=Eo/Zo;

+disp(Io,'Actual value of current (A)=')

+Zl=100;

+Il=Eo/(Zo+Zl);

+disp(Il,'Measured value of current (A)=')

+PE=((Il-Io)/Io)*100;

+disp(PE,'Percentage loading error=')

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.29/2_29.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.29/2_29.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7a7326ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.29/2_29.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//calculating the maximum available power

+clc;

+

+Eo=80*10^-3;

+Il=5*10^-9;

+Rl=6*10^6;

+Ro=(Eo/Il)-Rl;

+Pmax=(Eo^2)/(4*Ro);

+

+disp(Pmax,'Maximum available Power(W)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d0204df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.3/2_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// calculating Relative error (expressed as a percentage of f.s.d)

+clc;

+disp('calculating Relative error (expressed as a percentage of f.s.d)')

+Am = 1.46;

+At=1.50;

+e=Am-At;

+disp(e,'Absolute error(V)=');

+Sc=-e;

+disp(Sc,'Absolute Correction(V)=');

+RE=(e/At)*100;

+disp(RE,'Relative Error in terms of true value(in percentage)=');

+REF=(e/2.5)*100;

+disp(REF,'Relative Error in terms of true value(in percentage)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..029bedad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.4/2_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// calculating static error and static correction

+clc;

+disp('calculating static error and static correction')

+Am = 0.000161;

+At = 0.159*10^-3;

+e=Am-At;

+disp(e,'Static error(m3/s)=');

+Sc=-e;

+disp(Sc,'Static Correction(m3/s)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ff0d3d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.5/2_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//calculating maximum static error 

+disp('calculating maximum static error');

+//Span of the thermometer(degree C)

+S=200-150;

+//Accuracy of the thermometer(in terms of percentage of span)

+A=0.0025;

+e= A*S;

+disp(e,'Maximum Static error(degree C)=');

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5f35f28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.6/2_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculating the pressure for a dial reading of 100

+clc;

+disp('calculating the pressure for a dial reading of 100')

+P=((27.58-6.895)/150)*100+6.895;

+

+disp(P,'pressure for a dial reading of 100(kN/m2)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1154951d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.7/2_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// calculating the noise output voltage of the amplifier

+clc;

+disp('calculating the noise output voltage of the amplifier')

+Bw=100*10^3;

+Sn=7*10^-21;

+R=50*10^3;

+A=(Sn*R*Bw)^0.5;

+En=2*A;

+disp(En,'Noise voltage at input(V)=');

+Ga=100;

+Eno=En*Ga;

+disp(Eno,'Noise voltage at output(V)=');

+

+

diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62d29e25e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.8/2_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating the noise voltage

+clc;

+disp('calculating the noise voltage')

+Sn=20;

+Vs=3;

+Vn=Vs/(Sn)^0.5;

+disp(Vn,'noise Voltage(mV)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sci b/569/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23bcf3924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH2/EX2.9/2_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// calculating the signal to noise ratio at input

+// calculating the signal to noise ratio at output

+//calculating the noise factor and noise figure

+clc;

+disp('signal to noise ratio at input')

+Sni=(3*10^-6/(1*10^-6))^2;

+disp(Sni,'signal to noise ratio at input=')

+disp('signal to noise ratio at output')

+Sno=(60*10^-6/(20*10^-6))^2;

+disp(Sno,'signal to noise ratio at output=')

+disp('New signal to noise ratio at output')

+Snno=(60*10^-6/(25*10^-6))^2;

+disp(Snno,'signal to noise ratio at output=')

+F=Sni/Snno;

+disp(F,'noise Factor=')

+nf=10*log10(F);

+disp(nf,'noise Figure(dB)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58fcd1963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.1/3_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculating guarantee value of capacitance

+clc;

+As = 1;

+Er=0.05;

+Aau=As*(1+Er);

+disp(Aau,'Upper limit(micro F)=');

+Aal=As*(1-Er);

+disp(Aal,'Lower limit(micro F)=');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca4e4321a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.10/3_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude of power and limiting error

+clc;

+F=4.58;

+L=397;

+R=1202*10^-9;

+t=60;

+P=(2*%pi*9.81*F*L*R)/(t*10^6);

+disp(P,'Magnitude of power (W)=')

+dF_pu=0.02/F; // per unit error in force

+dL_pu=1.3/L; // per unit error in Length

+dR_pu=1/R; // per unit error in revolution

+dt_pu=0.5/t; // per unit error in time

+dP_pu= dF_pu+dL_pu+dR_pu+dt_pu;

+dP_le=dP_pu*P;

+disp(dP_le,'Magnitude of limiting error in power (W)') 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fac3862b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.11/3_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude of Force and limiting error

+clc;

+E=200*10^9;

+L=25*10^-3;

+b=4.75*10^-3;

+d=0.9*10^-3;

+I=(b*d^3)/12;

+x=2.5*10^-3;

+F=(3*E*I*x)/(L^3);

+disp(F,'Magnitude of Force (N)=')

+dE_pu=0/E; // per unit error in E

+db_pu=0.0075/b; 

+dd_pu=0.0075/d;  

+dx_pu=0.025/x; 

+dL_pu=0.025/L;

+dF_pu= (dE_pu+db_pu+3*dd_pu+dx_pu+3*dL_pu)*10^-3;

+

+disp(dF_pu,'limiting error in force (N)=+/-') 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..976675494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.12/3_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculate the power loss and relative error 

+clc;

+I=64*10^-3;

+R=3200;

+P=(I^2)*R;

+disp(P,'Power(W)=')

+Re=2*0.75+0.2;

+disp(Re,'Relative error (%)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..51c705698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.13/3_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the true power as a percentage of measured power

+clc;

+I=30.4;

+R=0.015;

+I_true=I*(1+0.012);

+R_true=R*(1-0.003);

+P_true=(I_true^2)*R_true;

+P_measured=(I^2)*R;

+R=P_true*100/P_measured;

+disp(R,'true power as a percentage of measured power(%)=' )
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..310aadd98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.14/3_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//calculate the total resistance, error of each register and fractional error of total resistance

+clc;

+R1=250;

+R2=500;

+R3=375;

+R_true=1/((1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3));

+disp(R_true, 'True value of resistance(ohm)=')

+dR1= 0.025*R1;

+dR2=-0.36*R2;

+dR3=0.014*R3;

+R1_effective=R1+dR1;

+R2_effective=R2+dR2;

+R3_effective=R3+dR3;

+R_effective=1/((1/R1_effective)+(1/R2_effective)+(1/R3_effective));

+disp(R_effective, 'Effective value of resistance(ohm)=')

+Fractional_error=(R_true-R_effective)/R_true;

+disp(Fractional_error,'Fractional_error') 

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93f93b965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.15/3_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//

+clc;

+disp('When all the components have 0% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L=160*10^-6;

+C=160*10^-12;

+fr=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L*C)]^0.5;

+disp(fr)

+disp('When all the components have +10% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L_new=(160*10^-6)+0.1*L;

+C_new=(160*10^-12)+0.1*C;

+fr_new=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L_new*C_new)]^0.5;

+disp(fr_new)

+error=(fr_new-fr)/fr;

+disp(error,'error=')

+disp('When all the components have -10% error then resonant frequency (Hz)')

+L_new=(160*10^-6)-0.1*L;

+C_new=(160*10^-12)-0.1*C;

+fr_new=[1/(2*%pi)]*[1/(L_new*C_new)]^0.5;

+disp(fr_new)

+error=(fr_new-fr)/fr;

+disp(error,'error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..57120c7b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.16/3_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculate the Volume and relative error 

+clc;

+L=250;

+d=50;

+V=((%pi/4)*d^2)*L;

+disp(V,'Volume(mm3)=')

+Re=2*0.2-0.5;

+disp(Re,'Relative error (%)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c5aca438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.17/3_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// calculate the per unit change in the value of spring for different temperature ranges

+clc;

+dG_pu=-240*10^-6;

+dD_pu=11.8*10^-6;

+disp('for temperature change of 20 degree C to 50 degree C (%) =')

+d_th=30;

+dK_pu=(dG_pu+dD_pu)*d_th*100;

+disp(dK_pu)

+disp('for temperature change of 20 degree C to -50 degree C (%) =')

+d_th=-70;

+dK_pu=(dG_pu+dD_pu)*d_th*100;

+disp(dK_pu)

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbd464582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.18/3_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate apparent resistance, actual resistance and error

+clc;

+Et=100;

+It=5*10^-3;

+Rt=Et/It;

+disp(Rt,'apparent value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rv=1000*150;

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt);

+disp(Rx,'true value of resistance(ohm)')

+Er_percentage=[(Rt-Rx)/Rx]*100;

+disp(Er_percentage,'percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2cfbfc533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.19/3_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate apparent resistance, actual resistance and error

+clc;

+Et=40;

+It=800*10^-3;

+Rt=Et/It;

+disp(Rt,'apparent value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rv=1000*150;

+Rx=Rt*Rv/(Rv-Rt);

+disp(Rx,'true value of resistance(ohm)')

+Er_percentage=[(Rt-Rx)/Rx]*100;

+disp(Er_percentage,'percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..353766303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.2/3_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculating percentage limiting error

+clc;

+As = 150;

+Er=0.01;

+dA=As*Er;

+As1=75;

+Er=(dA/As1)*100;

+disp(Er,'Percentage limiting error =');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9acb03f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.20/3_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Calculate the error and percentage error in the measurement of deflection

+clc;

+l=0.2;

+E=200*10^9;

+b=20*10^-3;

+d=5*10^-3;

+D=(4*l^3)/(E*b*d^3);

+F=1*9.81;

+x_true= D*F;

+disp(x_true,'True value of deflection')

+x_indicated=D*10.31/(1+.1*D);

+disp(x_indicated,'Indicated value of deflection')

+Er=x_indicated-x_true;

+disp(Er,'error=')

+Er_percentage=Er*100/x_true;

+disp(Er_percentage,'Percentage error=')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d26b333b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.21/3_21.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//to find the mean,deviations from the mean, Average deviation, standard deviation and variance

+

+clc;

+x=[532 548 543 535 546 531 543 536];

+X=sum(x);

+n=8; 

+a=0;

+Mean=X/n;

+disp(X/n,'mean (kHZ)');

+for i=1:n,

+d(i)=x(i)-Mean

+    disp(d(i),'deviations =')

+  a=a+(abs(d(i)))

+   end 

+   d_average=a/n;

+disp(d_average,'Average deviation (kHz)=')

+d_2=sum(d^2);

+s=sqrt(d_2/(n-1))

+disp(s,'standard deviation(kHz)');

+V=s^2;

+disp(V,'varaince (kHZ)2=')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e59218d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.22/3_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//to find the mean,standard deviation, probable error and range

+

+clc;

+x=[41.7 42 41.8 42 42.1 41.9 42 41.9 42.5 41.8];

+X=sum(x); disp(X);

+d=[-.27 .03 -.17 .03 .13 -.07 .03 -.07 .53 -.17];

+d_2=sum(d^2);

+n=10;

+disp(X/n,'mean length(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(d_2/n),'standard deviation(if data is infinite)(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(d_2/(n-1)),'standard deviation(deg C)');

+r1=.6745*sqrt(d_2/(n-1));

+disp(r1,'probable error of 1 reading(deg C)');

+disp(r1/sqrt(n-1),'probable error of mean(deg C)');

+disp(max(x)-min(x),'range(deg C)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..878b1ca51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.23/3_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//to find the arithematic mean, maen deviation,standard deviation, prpobable error of 1 reading, standard deviation and probable error of mean, standard deviation of standard deviation

+

+clc;

+T=[397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405];

+f=[1 3 12 23 37 16 4 2 2];

+Tf=sum(abs(T.*f));

+disp(Tf/sum(f),'mean temp(deg C)');

+d=[-3.78 -2.78 -1.78 -.78 .22 1.22 2.22 3.22 4.22];

+disp(sum(f.*d)/sum(f),'mean deviation(deg C)');

+disp(sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)),'standard deviation(deg C)');

+disp(.6745*sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)),'probable error of 1 reading(deg C)');

+disp((.6745*sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)),'probable error of mean(deg C)');

+disp((sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)),'standard deviation of mean(deg C)');

+disp((sqrt(sum(f.*d^2)/sum(f)))/sqrt(sum(f)*2),'standard deviation of standard deviation(deg C)');

+

+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f67f370a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.24/3_24.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//to find probable no of resistors

+

+clc;

+x=.15;    //deviation 

+o=.1;    //standard deviation

+t=x/o;

+A=.4432    //area under gaussian curve corresponding to t

+n=2*A*1000;

+disp(floor(n),'no of resistors');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..886cab058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.25/3_25.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//to find no of 100 rsding exceed 30mm

+

+clc;

+x=30-26.3;    //mean value 26.3

+r=2.5;

+o=r/.6745;

+t=x/o;

+A=.3413;//area under gaussian curve corresponding to t

+n=2*A*100;

+nn=100-floor(n);

+disp(nn/2,'no of readings exceed');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..961b9be06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.26/3_26.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//to find no of rods of desired length

+

+clc;

+n=25000;    //no of rods

+n1=12500; //length>10mm

+n2=2000;    //length>10.25

+a=n1-n2;    //10<length<10.25

+p=a/n;

+t=1.41;    //using p

+t1=t*2;

+p1=.4975;

+b=p1*n;    //9.5<length<10

+disp(a+floor(b),'total no of rods');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fabc2394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.27/3_27.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//to find standard deviation and probability of error

+

+clc;

+p=.2;

+x=.8;

+t=.5025;

+sd=x/t;

+disp(sd,'stndard deviation');

+x=1.2;

+t=x/sd;

+p=2*.2743;

+disp(p,'probability of error');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f8bcd102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.28/3_28.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//to find no of expected readings

+

+clc;

+x=20;

+h=0.04;

+sd=1/(sqrt(2)*h);

+t=x/sd;

+

+P=.3708;

+disp(ceil(2*P*x),'no of expected readings');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78f1cbf39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.29/3_29.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//to calculate precision index of instrument

+

+clc;

+t=.675;

+x=2.4;

+sd=x/t;

+h=1/(sqrt(2)*sd);

+disp(h,'precision index');

+t=(50-44)/sd;

+p=.45;

+n=8*30;    //sept month no of measurements

+a=((.5-p)*n);

+disp(a,'no of false alarms');

+

+rn=a/2;    //reduced no of false alarms

+p1=rn/n;

+P=.5-p1;

+t=1.96;

+sd=(50-44)/t;

+h=1/(sqrt(2)*sd);

+disp(h,'precision index');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2e9da354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.3/3_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the range of readings

+clc;

+fsd=1000;

+TP=100;

+Efsd=(1/100)*1000;

+disp(Efsd,'magnitude of Error when specified in terms of full scale deflection (w)=')

+disp('Thus the meter will read between 90W and 110W')

+Etv=(1/100)*100;

+disp(Etv,'magnitude of Error when specified in terms of true value (w)=')

+disp('Thus the meter will read between 99W and 101W')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d2a8cf0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.30/3_30.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//to find confidence interval for given confidence levels

+

+clc;

+cl=[.5 .9 .95 .99];

+s=.22;

+d=[.7 1.83 2.26 3.25];

+function [a]=ci(b)

+    a=s*b;

+endfunction

+

+CI(1)=ci(d(1));

+CI(2)=ci(d(2));

+CI(3)=ci(d(3));

+CI(4)=ci(d(4));

+

+disp(CI,'confidence interval');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6199f0620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.31/3_31.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//to point out the reading that can be rejected by chavenets criterion

+

+clc;

+x=[5.3 5.73 6.77 5.26 4.33 5.45 6.09 5.64 5.81 5.75]*10^-3;

+d=[-.313 .117 1.157 -.353 -1.283 -.163 .477 .027 .197 .137]*10^-3;

+n=10;

+X=sum(x)/n;

+s=sqrt(sum(d^2)/(n-1));

+a=abs(d)/s;disp(a);

+

+

+for i=1:10,

+

+if a(i)>1.96 then

+    disp(x(i),'rejected value');

+end 

+  end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01e0f6ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.32/3_32.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//calculate standard deviation

+

+clc;

+x=[.9 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.7 6.7];

+y=[1.1 1.6 2.6 3.2 4 5];

+n=6;

+a=((n*sum(x.*y)-(sum(x)*sum(y)))/((sum(x^2)*n)-sum(x)^2));

+b=((sum(y)*sum(x^2)-(sum(x)*sum(x.*y)))/((sum(x^2)*n)-sum(x)^2));

+

+sdy=sqrt((1/n)*sum((a*x+b-y)^2));

+sdx=sdy/a;

+

+sa=sqrt(n/(n*sum(x^2)-sum(x)^2))*sdy;

+sb=sqrt(sum(x^2)/(n*sum(x^2)-sum(x)^2))*sdy;

+disp(sa,'s_a');

+disp(sb,'s_b');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01011db36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.34/3_34.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//determine value of total current considering errors as limiting errors ans as standrd deviations

+

+clc;

+I1=200;

+I2=100;

+dI1=2;

+dI2=5;

+I=I1+I2;

+dI=((I1/I)*(dI1/I1)+(I2/I)*(dI2/I2));

+disp('error considered as limiting errors');

+disp(I,'I');

+disp(dI*I,'dI');

+sdI=sqrt(dI1^2+dI2^2);

+disp('error considered as standard deviations');

+disp(I,'I');

+disp(sdI,'sdI');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cef1f69f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.35/3_35.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//determine probable error in the computed value of resistnce

+

+clc;

+r_V=12;

+I=10;

+r_Rv=r_V/I;

+V=100;

+r1=2;

+r_Ri=V*r1/I^2;

+r_R=sqrt(r_Rv^2+r_Ri^2);

+disp(r_R,'r_R');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c278f392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.37/3_37.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//to find Cq and its possible errors

+

+clc;

+d=12.5;

+A=(%pi/4)*d^2*10^-6;

+W=392;

+t=600;

+p=1000;

+g=9.81;

+h=3.66;

+Cq=W/(t*p*A*sqrt(2*g*h));

+disp(Cq,'Cq');

+dW=.23/W;

+dt=2/t;

+dp=.1/100;

+dA=2*.002;

+dg=.1/100;

+dh=.003/h;

+dd=.002;

+dCq=Cq*(dW+dt+dp+dA+dg/2+dh/2);

+disp(dCq*100/Cq,'%age absolute error');

+

+sdCq=Cq*sqrt(dW^2+dt^2+dp^2+4*dd^2+.25*(dg^2+dh^2));

+disp(sdCq*100/Cq,'%age standard deviation error');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37dc25db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.38/3_38.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//calculate power disipated and uncertaainity in power

+

+clc;

+V=110.2;

+I=5.3;

+P=V*I;disp(P,'power(W) dissipated');

+w_v=.2;

+w_i=0.06;

+dp=sqrt((w_v*I)^2+(w_i*V)^2);

+disp(dp*100/P,'uncertainity in power(%)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e070dd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.39/3_39.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//to find uncertainity in combined resistance in both series and in parrallel

+

+clc;

+R1=100;

+R2=50;

+wR1=.1;

+wR2=0.03;

+disp('series conn');

+R=R1+R2;disp(R,'resistance(ohm)');

+dR1=1;

+dR2=1;

+wR=sqrt((dR1*wR1)^2+(dR2*wR2)^2);disp(wR,'uncertainity in resistance(ohm)');

+

+disp('parrallel conn');

+R=R1*R2*(R1+R2)^-1;disp(R,'resistance(ohm)');

+dR1=(R2/(R1+R2))-((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)^2);

+dR2=(R1/(R1+R2))-((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)^2);

+wR=sqrt((dR1*wR1)^2+(dR2*wR2)^2);disp(wR,'uncertainity in resistance(ohm)');

+

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5c9ac18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.4/3_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Calculate the limiting error in percent

+clc;

+dA=0.05*5*10^-6;

+As=2.5*10^-6;

+Er=(dA/As)*100;

+disp(Er,'percemtage limiting error =+/-')

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72f013a1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.40/3_40.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//to calculate uncertainity in measurement

+

+clc;

+l=150;

+dl=0.01;

+b=50;

+wA=l*dl;

+disp('when no uncertainity in measurement of length');

+disp(wA,'uncertainity in measurement of area(m*m)');

+

+disp('when no certainity in measurement of length');

+wA=1.5*1.5;

+wB=0.01;

+wL=sqrt((wA^2-(l*wB)^2)/b^2);

+disp(wL,'uncertainity in measurement of length(m)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd22fcca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.41/3_41.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//to calculate uncertainity in power

+

+clc;

+E=100;

+dE=.01;

+I=10;

+dI=0.01;

+R=10;

+dR=.01;

+dP=sqrt(4*dE^2+dR^2)*100;    //P=E^2/R

+disp(dP,'%age uncertainity in power measurement');

+

+dP=sqrt(dE^2+dI^2)*100;    //P=E*I

+disp(dP,'%age uncertainity in power measurement');

diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5c8ac301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.5/3_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the range of readings specified interms of f.s.d. and true value

+clc;

+disp('Range when specified interms of f.s.d.')

+Error_fsd=1*1000/100'

+Range_lower_value=100-Error_fsd;

+disp(Range_lower_value,'Lower value of range (kN/m2)')

+Range_upper_value=100+Error_fsd;

+disp(Range_upper_value,'Upper value of range (kN/m2)')

+disp('Range when specified interms of True value')

+Error_true=1*100/100'

+Range_lower_value=100-Error_true;

+disp(Range_lower_value,'Lower value of range (kN/m2)')

+Range_upper_value=100+Error_true;

+disp(Range_upper_value,'Upper value of range (kN/m2)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b2d4dd31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.6/3_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the magnitude and limiting error in ohm and in percentage of the resistance

+clc;

+R1=37;

+R1_le=5*R1/100;

+R2=75;

+R2_le=5*R2/100;

+R3=50;

+R3_le=5*R3/100;

+R=R1+R2+R3;

+disp(R,'Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+R_le=R1_le+R2_le+R3_le;

+disp(R_le,'Limiting Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Limiting_error_percentage=R_le*100/R;

+disp(Limiting_error_percentage,'Limiting Value of resistance (percentage)=+/-')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87297a193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.7/3_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculate the value of  relative limiting error in resistance

+clc;

+Re_P=1.5;

+Re_I=1;

+Re_resistance=(Re_P+2*Re_I);

+disp(Re_resistance,'the value of  relative limiting error of resistance in percentage(+/-)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..491ac18c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.8/3_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Calculate the guaranteed values of the resistance

+clc;

+R1=100;

+R1_le_perunit=0.5; // R1_le_perunit indicates dR1/R1 = 0.5%

+R2=1000;

+R2_le_perunit=0.5;

+R3=842;

+R3_le_perunit=0.5;

+Rx=R2*R3/R1;

+disp(Rx,'Value of resistance (ohm)=')

+Rx_le_perunit=R1_le_perunit+R2_le_perunit+R3_le_perunit;

+

+disp(Rx_le_perunit,'Limiting Value of resistance per unit (dRx/Rx)=')

+Er_Le=Rx_le_perunit*Rx/100;

+disp(Er_Le,'Limiting Value of resistance (ohm)=+/-')

+disp('Guarantee value of the resistance (ohm)=')

+G1=Rx+Er_Le;

+G2=Rx-Er_Le;

+disp(G1,G2,'')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci b/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a7b50a983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH3/EX3.9/3_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Calculate the percentage limiting error and range of resistance values

+clc;

+disp('decade a is set at 4000 ohm, so,error in decade a=')

+Er_a=4000*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_a)

+disp('decade b is set at 600 ohm, so,error in decade b=')

+Er_b=600*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_b)

+disp('decade c is set at 30 ohm, so,error in decade c=')

+Er_c=30*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_c)

+disp('decade d is set at 9 ohm, so,error in decade d=')

+Er_d=9*0.1/100;

+disp(Er_d)

+Er_total=Er_a+Er_b+Er_c+Er_d;

+Re_le_percentage=Er_total*100/4639;

+disp(Re_le_percentage,'Percentage Relative limiting error=')

+Range_lower=4639-Er_total;

+disp(Range_lower,'Lower value of range (ohm)=')

+Range_upper=4639+Er_total;

+disp(Range_upper,'upper value of range (ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b208e33ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.1/4_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating the temperature after 1.5 s
+clc;
+th0=100;
+t=1.5;
+tc=3.5;
+th=th0*[1-exp(-t/tc)];
+disp(th,'temperature after 1.5 s (degree C)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b03051fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.10/4_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Calculate the temperature at a depth of 1000 m

+clc;

+th0=20;

+t=2000;

+thr=th0-0.005*(t-50)-0.25*exp(-t/50);

+disp(thr,'temperature at a depth of 1000 m (degree C)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06b666f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.11/4_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Calculate the value of resistance at different values of time

+clc;

+Gain=0.3925;

+T=75;

+p_duration=Gain*T;

+tc=5.5;

+Rin=100;

+t=1;

+Rt=p_duration*(1-exp(-t/tc))+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 1s(ohm)=')

+t=2;

+Rt=p_duration*(1-exp(-t/tc))+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 2s(ohm)=')

+t=3;

+Rt=p_duration*(1-exp(-t/tc))+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 3s(ohm)=')

+R_inc=Rt-Rin;

+t=5;

+Rt=(R_inc)*[exp(-(t-3)/(5.5))]+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 5s(ohm)=')

+t=10;

+Rt=(R_inc)*[exp(-(t-3)/(5.5))]+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 10s(ohm)=')

+t=20;

+Rt=(R_inc)*[exp(-(t-3)/(5.5))]+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 20s(ohm)=')

+t=30;

+Rt=(R_inc)*[exp(-(t-3)/(5.5))]+Rin;

+disp(Rt,'Value of resistance after 30s(ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..20ab68789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.12/4_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculate the value of damping constant and frequency of damped oscillations

+clc;

+M=8*10^-3;

+K=1000;

+wn=(K/M)^0.5;

+disp('for critically damped system eta=1')

+B=2*(K*M);

+disp(B,'Damping constant for critically damped system (N/ms-1)=')

+eta=0.6;

+wd=wn*(1-eta^2)^0.5;

+disp(wd,'frequency of damped oscillations (rad/s)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ebfa04133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.13/4_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Calculate damping ratio, natural frequency, frequency of damped oscillations, time constant

+// and steady state error for ramp signal of 5V/s

+clc;

+K=(40*10^-6)/(%pi/2);

+J=0.5*10^-6;

+B=5*10^-6;

+eta=B/(2*(K*J)^0.5);

+disp(eta,'damping ratio=')

+wn=(K/J)^0.5;

+disp(wn,'natural frequency (rad/sec)')

+wd=wn*(1-(eta)^2)^0.5;

+disp(wd,'frequency of damped oscillations (rad/s)')

+tc=1/wn;

+disp(tc,'time constant (s)')

+ess=2*eta/wn;

+disp('for a ramp input of 5V, steady state error (V) =')

+ess=5*2*eta/wn;

+disp(ess,'')

+T_lag=2*eta*tc;

+disp(T_lag,'Time lag (s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e9c3a143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.14/4_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the natural  frequency 

+clc;

+wn=2*%pi*30;

+disp( 'for a frequency of 30 Hz  wn=(K/M+5*10^-3)^0.5.........(i)');

+disp('But wn=(K/M)^0.5.........(ii)');

+disp('for a frequency of 25 Hz  wn=(K/M+5*10^-3+5*10^-3)^0.5.........(iii) ')

+disp('on solving (i), (ii) and (iii)')

+M=6.36*10^-3;

+K=403.6;

+disp(M,'M=')

+disp(K,'K=')

+wn=(K/M)^0.5;

+f=wn/(2*%pi);

+disp(f,'natural frequency (Hz)')

diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b9208a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.15/4_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Calculate natural frequency and setteling time

+clc;

+K=60*10^3;

+M=30;

+wn=(K/M)^0.5;

+disp(wn,'natural frequency (rad/sec)')

+eta=0.7;

+ts=4/(eta*wn);

+disp(ts,'setteling time (s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62bdf5e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.16/4_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Calculate time lag and ratio of output and input

+clc;

+disp('when time period is 600s')

+w=2*%pi/600;

+tc=60;

+T_lag=(1/w)*atan(w*tc);

+disp(T_lag,'time lag (s)=')

+M=1/((1+(w*tc)^2)^0.5);

+disp(M,'ratio of output and input=')

+disp('when time period is 120s')

+w=2*%pi/120;

+tc=60;

+T_lag=(1/w)*atan(w*tc);

+disp(T_lag,'time lag (s)=')

+M=1/((1+(w*tc)^2)^0.5);

+disp(M,'ratio of output and input=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dda4a31af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.17/4_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculate the maximum allowable time constant and phase shift

+clc;

+M=1-0.05;

+w=2*%pi*100;

+tc={[(1/M^2)-1]/(w^2)}^0.5;

+disp(tc,'maximum allowable time constant (s)')

+disp('phase shift at 50 Hz (degree)=')

+ph=[-atan(2*%pi*50*tc)]*(180/%pi);

+disp(ph,'')

+disp('phase shift at 100 Hz (degree)=')

+ph=[-atan(2*%pi*100*tc)]*(180/%pi);

+disp(ph,)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a84877b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.18/4_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculate maximum value of indicated temperature and delay time

+clc;

+T=120;

+w=2*%pi/T;

+tc1=40;

+tc2=20;

+M=[1/((1+(w*tc1)^2)^0.5)]*[1/((1+(w*tc2)^2)^0.5)];

+M_temp=M*10;

+disp(M_temp,'maximum value of indicated temperature (degree C)')

+ph=[{atan(w*tc1)+atan(w*tc2)}];

+T_lag=ph/w;

+disp(T_lag,'Time lag (s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..287737839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.19/4_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Find the output 

+clc;

+disp('when tc=0.2);

+disp('output=1/(1+(2*0.2)^2)^0.5]sin[2t-atan(2*0.2)]+3/(1+(2*0.2)^2)^0.5]sin[20t-atan(20*0.2)]')

+disp('on solving   output=0.93 sin(2t-21.8)+0.073 sin(20t-76)')

+disp('when tc=0.002);

+disp('output=1/(1+(2*0.002)^2)^0.5]sin[2t-atan(2*0.002)]+3/(1+(2*0.002)^2)^0.5]sin[20t-atan(20*0.002)]')

+disp('on solving   output= 1sin(2t-0.23)+0.3 sin(20t-2.3)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6619099e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.2/4_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculate time to read half of the temperature difference

+clc;

+tc=10/5;

+th=1;

+th0=2;

+t=-tc*log(1-(th/th0));

+disp(t,'Time to read half of the temperature difference (s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f8e59d00e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.20/4_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//Calculate maximum and minimum value of indicated temperature, phase shift, time lag 

+clc;

+T_max=640;

+T_min=600;

+T_mean=(T_max+T_min)/2;

+Ai=T_mean-T_min;

+w=2*%pi/80;

+tc=10;

+Ao=Ai/{(1+(w*tc)^2)}^0.5;

+T_max_indicated=T_mean+Ao;

+disp(T_max_indicated,'Maximum value of indicated temperature(degree C)=')

+T_min_indicated=T_mean-Ao;

+disp(T_min_indicated,'Minimum value of indicated temperature(degree C)=')

+ph=-atan(w*tc);

+Time_lag=-ph/w;

+disp(Time_lag,'Time lag (s)') 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c235f7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.21/4_21.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// determine damping ratio

+clc;

+w=2;

+K=1.5;

+J=200*10^-3;

+wn=(K/J)^0.5;

+u=w/wn;

+M=1.1;

+eta=[{[1/(M^2)]-[(1-u^2)^2]}/(2*u)^2]^0.5;

+disp(eta,'damping ratio=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3d09e398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.22/4_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Calculate the frequency range

+clc;

+eta=0.6;

+fn=1000;

+M=1.1;

+disp('M=1/[[(1-u^2)^2]+(2*u*eta)^2]^0.5; ..........(i)')

+disp('on solving u^4-0.5u^2+0.173=0')

+disp('the above equation gives imaginary values for frequency so for eta=0.6 the output is not 1.1')

+disp('Now let M=0.9, on solving equation (i) we have')

+disp('u^4-0.56u^2-0.234=0')

+disp('on solving u=0.916')

+u=0.916;

+f=u*fn;

+disp(f,'maximum value of range (Hz)=')

+disp('So, the range of the frequency is from 0 to 916 Hz')

+

diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60043a9bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.23/4_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// determine the error

+clc;

+w=6;

+wn=4;

+u=w/wn;

+eta=0.66;

+M=1/{[(1-u^2)^2]+(2*eta*u)^2}^0.5;

+Error=(M-1)*100;

+disp(Error,'error (%)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa5c5ff4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.4/4_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculate the temperature after 10s

+clc;

+th0=25;

+thi=150;

+t=10;

+tc=6;

+th=th0+(thi-th0)*[exp(-t/tc)];

+disp(th,'the temperature after 10s (degree C)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec3685f0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.5/4_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculate the value of resistance after 15s

+clc;

+R0=29.44;

+Rs=100;

+t=15;

+tc=5.5;

+R_15=Rs+R0*[1-exp(-t/tc)];

+disp(R_15,'value of resistance after 15s(ohm)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ca3938b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.6/4_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Calculate the depth after one hour

+clc;

+Qm=0.16*10^-3;

+Hin=1.2;

+K1=Qm/(Hin)^0.5;

+Qo=0.2*10^-3;

+Ho=(Qo/K1)^2;

+R=Hin/Qm;

+C=0.1;

+tc=R*C;

+t=3600;

+H=Ho+(Hin-Ho)*exp(-t/tc);

+disp(H,'the depth after one hour(m)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69b35ed21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.8/4_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//Calculate time constant

+clc;

+S=3.5;

+Ac=(%pi/4)*(0.25)^2;

+alpha=0.18*10^-3;

+Vb=S*Ac/alpha;

+disp(Vb,'volume of bulb(mm2)')

+

+Rb=[(Vb/%pi)*(3/4)]^(1/3);

+Ab=4*%pi*Rb^2;

+D=13.56*10^3;

+s=139;

+H=12;

+tc=(D*s*Vb*10^-9)/(H*Ab*10^-6);

+disp(tc,'time constant (s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sci b/569/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aabf42e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH4/EX4.9/4_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Calculate the time constant

+ess=5;

+A=0.1;

+tc=ess/A;

+disp(tc,'time constant(s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..376431461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.1/5_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculate the deflection at center

+clc;

+D=15*10^-3;

+P=300*10^3;

+sm=300*10^6;

+t=[3*D^2*P/(16*sm)]^0.5;

+disp(t,' thickness(m)=')

+P=150*10^3;

+v=0.28;

+E=200*10^9;

+dm=3*(1-v^2)*D^4*P/(256*E*t^3);

+disp(dm,' deflection at center for Pressure of 150 kN/m2(m)=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d71861af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.10/5_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Checking the suitability of the potentiometer

+clc;

+Pd=(10^2)/150;

+disp(Pd,'Power dissipation (W)=')

+th_pot=80+Pd*30*10^-3;

+PDa=1-(10*10^-3)*(th_pot-35);

+disp(PDa,'Power dissipation allowed(W)=')

+disp('Since power dissipation is higher than the dissipation allowed so potentiometer is not suitable')

+

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd4f725e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.11/5_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Calculating the possion's ratio

+clc;

+Gf=4.2;

+v=(Gf-1)/2;

+disp(v,'Possion s ratio=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5c1c76f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.12/5_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculating the value of the resistance of the gauges

+clc;

+strain=-5*10^-6;

+Gf=-12.1;

+R=120;

+dR_nickel=Gf*R*strain;

+disp(dR_nickel,'change in resistance of nickel(ohm)=')

+Gf=2;

+R=120;

+dR_nicrome=Gf*R*strain;

+disp(dR_nicrome,'change in resistance of nicrome(ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fe19624d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.13/5_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculate the percentage change in value of the gauge resistance

+clc;

+s=100*10^6;

+E=200*10^9;

+strain=s/E;

+Gf=2;

+r_perunit=Gf*strain*100;

+disp(r_perunit,'Percentage change in resistance=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.14/5_14.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.14/5_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..462845ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.14/5_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Calculating the Gauge factor

+clc;

+b=0.02;

+d=0.003;

+I=(b*d^3)/12;

+E=200*10^9;

+x=12.7*10^-3;

+l=0.25;

+F=3*E*I*x/l^3;

+x=0.15;

+M=F*x;

+t=0.003;

+s=(M*t)/(I*2);

+strain=s/E;

+dR=0.152;

+R=120;

+Gf=(dR/R)/strain;

+disp(Gf,'Gauge factor=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..09b617a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.15/5_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculating the change in length and the force applied

+clc;

+dR=0.013;

+R=240;

+l=0.1;

+Gf=2.2;

+dl=(dR/R)*l/Gf;

+disp(dl,'change in length(m)=')

+strain=dl/l;

+E=207*10^9;

+s=E*strain;

+A=4*10^-4;

+F=s*A;

+disp(F,'Force(N)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fb854cfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.16/5_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate the linear approximation

+clc;

+th1=30;

+th2=60;

+th0=th1+th2/2;

+Rth1=4.8;

+Rth2=6.2;

+Rth0=5.5;

+ath0=(1/Rth0)*(Rth2-Rth1)/(th2-th1);

+disp(ath0,'alpha at o degree(/degree C)=')

+disp('5.5[1+0.0085(th-45)]')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3763eda05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.17/5_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculate the linear approximation

+clc;

+th1=100;

+th2=130;

+th0=th1+th2/2;

+Rth1=573.40;

+Rth2=605.52;

+Rth0=589.48;

+ath0=(1/Rth0)*(Rth2-Rth1)/(th2-th1);

+disp(ath0,'alpha at o degree(/degree C)=')

+disp('Linear approximation is: Rth= 589.48[1+0.00182(th-115)]')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e56b65e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.18/5_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the resistance and the temperature

+clc;

+Rth0=100;

+ath0=0.00392;

+dth=65-25;

+R65=Rth0*[1+ath0*dth];

+disp(R65,'resistance at 65 degree C(ohm)=')

+

+th={[(150/100)-1]/ath0}+25;

+disp(th,'Temperature (degree C)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e07522f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.19/5_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the resistance 

+clc;

+Rth0=10;

+ath0=0.00393;

+dth=150-20;

+R150=Rth0*[1+ath0*dth];

+disp(R150,'resistance at 150 degree C(ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..358e44ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the angle of twist

+clc;

+T=100;

+G=80*10^9;

+d=2*15*10^-3;

+th=16*T/(%pi*G*d^3)

+disp(th,' angle of twist(rad)=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ea25681a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.20/5_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the time

+clc;

+th=30;

+th0=50;

+tc=120;

+t=-120*[log(1-(th/th0))];

+disp(t,'time(s)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6cbb7a669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.21/5_21.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the resistance 

+clc;

+R25=100;

+ath=-0.05;

+dth=35-25;

+R35=R25*[1+ath*dth];

+disp(R35,'resistance at 35 degree C(ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..409b76213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.22/5_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//

+clc;

+Ro=3980;

+Ta=273;

+disp('3980= a*3980*exp(b/273)')

+Rt50=794;

+Ta50=273+50;

+disp('794= a*3980*exp(b/323)')

+disp('on solving')

+disp('a=30*10^-6', 'b=2843')

+Ta40=273+40;

+Rt40=(30*10^-6)*3980*exp(2843/313);

+disp(Rt40,'Resistance at 40 degree C (ohm)')

+Rt100=(30*10^-6)*3980*exp(2843/373);

+disp(Rt100,'Resistance at 100 degree C (ohm)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3893d214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.23/5_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// calculating the change in temperature

+clc;

+th=((1-1800/2000)/0.05)+70;

+dth=th-70;

+disp(dth,'change in temperature (degree C)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c41be238c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.24/5_24.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// calculating the frequencies of oscillation

+clc;

+C=500*10^-12;

+R20=10000*(1-0.05*(20-25));

+f20=1/(2*%pi*R20*C);

+disp(f20,'Frequency of oscillation at 20 degree C (Hz)')

+R25=10000*(1-0.05*(25-25));

+f25=1/(2*%pi*R25*C);

+disp(f25,'Frequency of oscillation at 25 degree C (Hz)')

+R30=10000*(1-0.05*(30-25));

+f30=1/(2*%pi*R30*C);

+disp(f30,'Frequency of oscillation at 30 degree C (Hz)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..735a57d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.25/5_25.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Calculating the sensitivity and maximum output voltage

+clc;

+Se_thermocouple=500-(-72);

+disp(Se_thermocouple,'Sensitivity of thermocouple (micro V/degree C)=')

+Vo=Se_thermocouple*100*10^-6;

+disp(Vo,'maximum output voltage(V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6febecf60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.26/5_26.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Calculating the temperature

+clc;

+ET=27.07+0.8;

+Disp(ET,'Required e.m.f.(mV)')

+disp('temperature corresponding to 27.87 mV is 620 degree C')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.27/5_27.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.27/5_27.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c24ecc8de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.27/5_27.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Calcating the series resistance and approximate error

+clc;

+Rm=50;

+Re=12;

+E=33.3*10^-3;

+i=0.1*10^-3;

+Rs=(E/i)-Rm-Re;

+disp(Rs,'series resistance (ohm)=')

+Re=13;

+i1=E/(Rs+Re+Rm);

+AE=[(i1-i)/i]*800;

+disp(AE,'approximate error due to rise in resistance of 1 ohm in Re (degree C)=')

+R_change=50*0.00426*10;

+i1=E/(Rs+Re+Rm+R_change);

+AE=[(i1-i)/i]*800;

+disp(AE,'approximate error due to rise in Temp. of 10 (degree C)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.28/5_28.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.28/5_28.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..72b997808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.28/5_28.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the values of resistance R1 and R2

+clc;

+E_20=0.112*10^-3;// emf at 20degree C

+E_900=8.446*10^-3;

+E_1200=11.946*10^-3;

+E1=E_900-E_20;

+E2=E_1200-E_20;

+disp('E1=1.08*R1/(R1+2.5+R2);      (i)')

+disp('E2=1.08*(R1+2.5)/(R1+2.5+R2);      (ii)')

+disp('on solving (i) and (ii)')

+R1=5.95;

+R2=762.6;

+disp(R1,'value of resistance R1 (ohm)=')

+disp(R2,'value of resistance R2 (ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d75acb7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.29/5_29.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Calculate the percentage linearity

+clc;

+linearity_percentage=(0.003/1.5)*100;

+disp(linearity_percentage,'percentage linearity=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..335c06152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the Torque

+clc;

+

+E=110*10^9;

+t=0.073*10^-3;

+b=0.51*10^-3;

+l=370*10^-3;

+th=%pi/2;

+T=(E*b*t^3)*th/(12*l);

+disp(T,' Controlling torque(Nm)=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.30/5_30.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.30/5_30.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b653dd765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.30/5_30.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Calculate senstivity of the LVDT, Instrument and resolution of instrument in mm

+clc;

+displacement=0.5;

+Vo=2*10^-3;

+Se_LVDT=Vo/displacement;

+disp(Se_LVDT,'senstivity of the LVDT (V/mm)')

+Af=250;

+Se_instrument=Se_LVDT*Af;

+disp(Se_instrument,'senstivity of instrument (V/mm)')

+sd=5/100;

+Vo_min=50/5;

+Re_instrument=1*1/1000;

+disp(Re_instrument,'resolution of instrument in mm')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.31/5_31.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.31/5_31.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c8417df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.31/5_31.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// calculate the deflection, maximum and minimum force 

+clc;

+b=0.02;

+t=0.004;

+I=(1/12)*b*t^3;

+F=25;

+l=0.25;

+E=200*10^9;

+x=(F*l^3)/(3*E*I);

+disp(x,'deflection (m)')

+DpF=x/F;

+Se=DpF*0.5*1000;

+Re=(10/1000)*(2/10);

+F_min=Re/Se;

+F_max=10/Se;

+disp(F_min,'minimum force (N)')

+disp(F_max,'maximum force (N)')

+disp(Se,'')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.32/5_32.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.32/5_32.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a29d9a30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.32/5_32.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// calculating the sensitivity of the transducer

+clc;

+disp('permittivity of the air e0=8.85*10^-12')

+e0=8.85*10^-12;

+w=25*10^-3;

+d=0.25*10^-3;

+Se=-4*e0*w/d;

+disp(Se,'sensitivity of the transducer (F/m)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.33/5_33.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.33/5_33.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..404e27558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.33/5_33.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the value of the capacitance afte the application of pressure

+clc;

+C1=370*10^-12;

+d1=3.5*10^-3;

+d2=2.9*10^-3;

+C2=C1*d1/d2;

+disp(C2,'the value of the capacitance afte the application of pressure (F)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.34/5_34.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.34/5_34.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01b439eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.34/5_34.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculate the change in frequency of the oscillator

+clc;

+fo1=100*10^3;

+d1=4;

+d2=3.7;

+fo2=[(d2/d1)^0.5]*fo1;

+dfo=fo1-fo2;

+disp(dfo,'change in frequency of the oscillator (Hz)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.35/5_35.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.35/5_35.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..70207041e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.35/5_35.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Calculate the dielectric stress, change in value of capacitance

+clc;

+L_air=(3.1-3)/2;

+D_stress=100/L_air;

+e0=8.85*10^-12;

+l=20*10^-3;

+D2=3.1;

+D1=3;

+C=(2*%pi)*e0*l/(log(D2/D1));

+disp(C,'Capacitance(F)=')

+l=(20*10^-3)-(2*10^-3);

+C_new=(2*%pi)*e0*l/(log(D2/D1));

+C_change=C-C_new;

+disp(C_change,'change in Capacitance(F)=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.36/5_36.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.36/5_36.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61be613a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.36/5_36.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//Calculate the value of time constant,phase shift, series resistance, amplitude ratio and voltage sensitivity

+clc;

+M=0.95;

+w=2*%pi*20;

+tc=(1/w)*[(M^2)/(1-M^2)]^0.5;

+disp(tc,'time constant (s)')

+ph={(%pi/2)-[atan(w*tc)]}*(180/%pi);

+disp(ph,'phase shift(deg)')

+C=(8.85*10^-12*300*10^-6)/(0.125*10^-3);

+R=tc/C;

+disp(R,'series resistance (ohm)')

+M=1/(1+(1/(2*%pi*5*tc)^2))^0.5;

+disp(M,'amplitude ratio=')

+Eb=100;

+x=0.125*10^-3;

+Vs=Eb/x;

+disp(Vs,'voltage sensitivity (V/m)')

+

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.37/5_37.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.37/5_37.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6b4beb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.37/5_37.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//Calculate the change in capacitance and ratio

+clc;

+e0=8.85*10^-12;

+A=500*10^-6;

+d=0.2*10^-3;

+C=e0*A/d;

+d1=0.18*10^-3;

+C_new=e0*A/d1;

+C_change=C_new-C;

+Ratio=(C_change/C)/(0.02/0.2);

+disp(Ratio,'ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement')

+d1=0.19*10^-3;

+e1=1;

+d2=0.01*10^-3;

+e2=8;

+C=(e0*A)/((d1/e1)+(d2/e2));

+d1_new=0.17*10^-3;

+C_new=(e0*A)/((d1_new/e1)+(d2/e2));

+C_change=C_new-C;

+Ratio=(C_change/C)/(0.02/0.2);

+disp(Ratio,'ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per unit change of diaplacement')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7651f37af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//Calculating the displacement and resolution of the potentiometer

+clc;

+Rnormal=10000/2;

+Rpl=10000/50;

+Rc1=Rnormal-3850;

+Dnormal=Rc1/Rpl;

+disp(Dnormal,'Displacement(mm)=')

+Rc2=Rnormal-7560;

+Dnormal=Rc2/Rpl;

+disp(Dnormal,'Displacement(mm)=')

+disp('since one displacement is positive and other is negative so two displacements are in the opposite direction')

+Re=10*1/200;

+disp(Re,'Resolution (mm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.40/5_40.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.40/5_40.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3d945050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.40/5_40.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculate the output voltage and charge sensitivity

+clc;

+g=0.055;

+t=2*10^-3;

+P=1.5*10^6;

+Eo=g*t*P;

+disp(Eo,'output voltage(V)=')

+e=40.6*10^-12;

+d=e*g;

+disp(d,'charge sensitivity (C/N)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.41/5_41.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.41/5_41.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8d1316b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.41/5_41.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Calculate the force

+clc;

+g=0.055;

+t=1.5*10^-3;

+Eo=100;

+P= Eo/(g*t);

+A=25*10^-6;

+F=P*A;

+disp(F,'Force(N)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.42/5_42.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.42/5_42.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dec0b4781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.42/5_42.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Calculate the strain, charge and capacitance

+clc;

+A=25*10^-6;

+F=5;

+P=F/A;

+d=150*10^-12;

+e=12.5*10^-9;

+g=d/(e);

+t=1.25*10^-3;

+Eo=(g*t*P);

+strain=P/(12*10^6);

+Q=d*F;

+C=Q/Eo;

+disp(strain,'strain=')

+disp(Q,'charge(C)=')

+disp(C,'Capacitance(F)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.43/5_43.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.43/5_43.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..30771db75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.43/5_43.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// calculate peak to peak voltage swing under open and loaded conditions

+// calculate maximum change in crystal thickness

+clc;

+d=2*10^-12;

+t=1*10^-3;

+Fmax=0.01;

+e0=8.85*10^-12;

+er=5;

+A=100*10^-6;

+Eo_peak_to_peak=2*d*t*Fmax/(e0*er*A);

+disp(Eo_peak_to_peak,'peak voltage swing under open conditions')

+Rl=100*10^6;

+Cl=20*10^-12;

+d1=1*10^-3;

+Cp=e0*er*A/d1;

+C=Cp+Cl;

+w=1000;

+m=[w*Cp*Rl/[1+(w*C*Rl)^2]^0.5];

+El_peak_to_peak=[2*d*t*Fmax/(e0*er*A)]*m;

+

+disp(El_peak_to_peak,'peak voltage swing under loaded conditions')

+E=90*10^9;

+dt=2*Fmax*t/(A*E);

+disp(dt,'maximum change in crystal thickness (m)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.44/5_44.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.44/5_44.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e48b606ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.44/5_44.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculate the minimum frequency and phase shift

+clc;

+M=0.95;

+tc=1.5*10^-3;

+w=(1/tc)*[(M^2)/(1-M^2)]^0.5;

+disp(w,'minimum frequency (rad/s)')

+ph={(%pi/2)-[atan(w*tc)]}*(180/%pi);

+disp(ph,'phase shift(deg)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.45/5_45.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.45/5_45.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..db8317826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.45/5_45.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//calculate sensitivity of the transducer, high frequency sensitivity, Lowest frequency

+// Calculate external shunt capacitance and high frequency sensitivity after connecting the external shunt capacitance

+clc;

+Kq=40*10^-3;

+Cp=1000*10^-12;

+K=Kq/Cp;

+disp(K,'sensitivity of the transducer(V/m)')

+Cc=300*10^-12;

+Ca=50*10^-12;

+C=Cp+Cc+Ca;

+Hf=Kq/C;

+disp(Hf,'high frequency sensitivity (V/m)')

+R=1*10^6;

+tc=R*C;

+M=0.95;

+w=(1/tc)*[(M^2)/(1-M^2)]^0.5;

+f=w/(2*%pi);

+disp(w,'minimum frequency (s)')

+disp('now f=10Hz')

+f=10;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+tc=(1/w)*[(M^2)/(1-M^2)]^0.5;

+C_new=tc/R;

+Ce=C_new-C;

+disp(Ce,'external shunt capacitance(F)')

+Hf_new=Kq/C_new;

+disp(Hf_new,'new value of high frequency sensitivity (V/m)')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.46/5_46.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.46/5_46.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1dd0e456c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.46/5_46.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//

+clc;

+R=10^6;

+C=2500*10^-12;

+tc=R*C;

+t=2*10^-3;

+d=100*10^-12;

+F=0.1;

+el=10^3*{d*F*[exp(-t/tc)]/C};

+disp(el,'voltage just before t=2ms (mV)')

+el_after=10^3*{d*F*[exp(-t/tc)-1]/C};

+disp(el_after,'voltage just after t=2ms (mV)')

+disp('when t=10ms')

+t=10*10^-3;

+T=2*10

+e_10=10^3*{d*F*[exp((-T/tc)-1)]*{exp(-(t-T))/tc}/C}

+disp(e_10,'output voltage 10 ms after the application of impulse(mV) ')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.47/5_47.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.47/5_47.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb3925ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.47/5_47.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// to prove time constant should be approximately 20T to keep undershoot within 5%

+clc;

+disp('Let T=1');

+T=1;

+el=0.95;

+tc=-T/log(el);

+disp(tc,'time constant')

+disp('as T=1 so time constant should be approximately equal to 20T')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.48/5_48.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.48/5_48.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4c0338672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.48/5_48.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//

+clc;

+Kh=-1*10^-6;

+I=3;

+B=0.5;

+t=2*10^-3;

+Eh=Kh*I*B/t;

+disp(Eh,'output voltage (V)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.49/5_49.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.49/5_49.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93ab7b276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.49/5_49.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Calculate the threshold wavelength

+clc;

+Th_wavelength=1.24*10^-6/1.8'

+disp(Th_wavelength,'Threshold wavelength (m)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c4b2420b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// plot the graph of error versus K

+clc;

+K=[0    0.25    0.5    0.75    1];

+V=[0    -0.174    -0.454    -0.524    0];

+plot(K,V)

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.50/5_50.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.50/5_50.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a711ee8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.50/5_50.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate maximum velocity of emitted photo electrons

+clc;

+E_imparted=(1.24*10^-6)/(0.2537*10^-6);

+B_energy=E_imparted-4.30;

+em_ratio=0.176*10^12;

+v=(2*B_energy*em_ratio)^0.5;

+disp(v,'maximum velocity of emitted photo electrons (m/s)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.51/5_51.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.51/5_51.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d6f62d05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.51/5_51.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculate the resistance of the cell

+clc;

+Ri=30;

+Rf=100;

+t=10;

+tc=72;

+Rt=Ri+(Rf-Ri)*[1-exp(-t/tc)];

+disp(Rt,'resistance of the cell (K ohm)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.52/5_52.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.52/5_52.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8291dfd48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.52/5_52.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//Calculate incident power and cut off frequency

+clc;

+I_power=250*0.2*10^-6;

+disp(I_power,'incident power (W)')

+Rl=10*10^3;

+C=2*10^-12;

+fc=1/(2*%pi*Rl*C);

+disp(fc,'cut off frequency (Hz)')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.53/5_53.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.53/5_53.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14d6b5924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.53/5_53.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Calculate the internal resistance of cell and open circuit voltage

+clc;

+I=2.2*10^-3;

+Eo=0.33;

+Rl=100;

+Ri=(Eo/I)-100;

+disp(Ri,'internal resistance of cell (ohm)')

+Vo=0.33*[log(25)/log(10)];

+disp(Vo,'open circuit voltage for a radiant incidence of 25 W/m2 (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.54/5_54.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.54/5_54.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b6360b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.54/5_54.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Find the value of current

+clc;

+A=1935*10^-6;

+r=0.914;

+S_angle=A/r^2;

+I=180;

+L_flux=I*S_angle;

+disp(L_flux,'lumnious flux=')

+disp('Corresponding to lumnious flux o.417 lm and a load resistance of 800 ohm the current is 120 micro Ampere')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f928b2132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Calculating the output voltage

+clc;

+RAB=125;

+Rtotal=5000;

+R2=75/125*Rtotal;

+R4=2500;

+ei=5;

+eo=[(R2/Rtotal)-(R4/Rtotal)]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d495b243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculating the maximum excitation voltage and the sensitivity

+clc;

+Rm=10000;

+Rp=Rm/15;

+R=600;

+P=5;

+ei= (P*R)^0.5;

+disp(ei,'Maximum excitation voltage (V)=')

+S=ei/360;

+disp(S,'Sensitivity (V/degree)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..925bfc510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.8/5_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Calculating the resolution of the potentiometer

+clc;

+Rwga=1/400;

+Re=Rwga/5;

+disp(Re,'Resolution (mm)=')

diff --git a/569/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sci b/569/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d85e34728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH5/EX5.9/5_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Checking the suitability of the potentiometer

+clc;

+mo=0.8;

+sr=250;

+sm=sr/mo;

+R=sm*1;

+disp(R,'resolution of 1mm movement')

+Rq=300/1000;

+disp(Rq,'resolution required=')

+disp('since the resolution of potentiometer is higher than the resolution required so it is suitable for the application')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cfcd27216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculating feedback resistance 

+clc;

+A=100;

+R1=1*10^3;

+Rf=-A*R1;

+disp(Rf,'feedback resistance (ohm)=');

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea5f4bd22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.10/6_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculating Difference mode gain and output voltage

+clc;

+V2=5*10^-3;

+V1=3*10^-3;

+Vo=300*10^-3;

+Vd=V2-V1;

+Ad=Vo/Vd;

+disp(Ad,'difference mode gain=')

+V2=155*10^-3;

+V1=153*10^-3;

+Vo=Ad*(V2-V1);

+disp(Vo,'output voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..756eac7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.11/6_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculating Difference mode, Common mode gain and CMRR

+clc;

+Vo=3;

+Vd=30*10^-3;

+Ad=Vo/Vd;

+disp(Ad,'difference mode gain=')

+Vo=5*10^-3;

+Vc=500*10^-3;

+Ac=Vo/Vc;

+disp(Ac,'Common mode gain=')

+CMRR=Ad/Ac;

+disp(CMRR,'Common mode rejection ratio=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3debcba52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.12/6_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Calculating Signal to noise ratio and CMRR

+clc;

+V2=30*10^-3;

+V1=-30*10^-3;

+Vd=V2-V1;

+Ad=150;

+Vos=Ad*Vd;

+Ac=0.04;

+Vc=600*10^-3;

+Von=Ac*Vc;

+SNR=Vos/Von;

+CMRR=Ad/Ac;

+disp(SNR,'Signal to Noise Ratio=')

+

+disp(CMRR,'CMRR=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6bf5529f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.13/6_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Calculating sensitivity and output voltage

+clc;

+Ci=10*10^-12;

+Vi=10;

+Eo=8.85*10^-12;

+A=200*10^-6;

+K=-Ci*Vi/(Eo*A);

+disp(K,'sensitivity (V/mm)=')

+d=1*10^-6;

+Vo=K*d;

+disp(Vo,'output voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e03fff9b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.14/6_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculating minimum, maximum time constants and value of frequencies

+clc;

+MXtc= 10^10*1000*10^-12;

+disp(MXtc,'Maximum time constant (s)');

+MNtc= 10^8*10*10^-12;

+disp(MNtc,'Minimum time constant (s)');

+AR=0.95;

+fmin=(AR)/[2*%pi*MXtc*(1-AR^2)^0.5];

+disp(fmin,'minimum frequency (Hz)')

+fmax=(AR)/[2*%pi*MNtc*(1-AR^2)^0.5];

+disp(fmax,'Maximum frequency (Hz)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3cd73c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.15/6_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculating  time constant and value of capacitance

+clc;

+g=0.501;

+f=50;

+w=2*%pi*f;

+tc=(1-g^2)^0.5/(w*g);

+disp(tc,'time constant (s)')

+R=10000;

+C=(tc/R)*10^6;

+disp(C,'capacitance (micro-F)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a3e47f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.16/6_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// calcuating the passband gain and upper & lower cut off frequencies

+clc;

+R1=10*10^3;

+R2=1*10^6;

+A=R2/(R1+R2);

+disp(A,'gain=')

+C2=(0.01)*10^-6;

+C1=100*10^-12;

+fcl=1/(2*%pi*C2*R2);

+disp(fcl,'lower cut off frequency (Hz)')

+fcu=1/(2*%pi*R1*C1);

+disp(fcu,'upper cut off frequency (Hz)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..16ef47236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.17/6_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calcuating the value of C

+clc;

+R=1*10^6;

+fo=10*10^3;

+C=1/(2*%pi*fo*R);

+disp(C,'the value of C (F)')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.19/6_19.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.19/6_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a4d37ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.19/6_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// calculate the output voltage and sensitivity

+clc;

+Rt=100;

+K=1;

+Rb=K*Rt;

+ei=10;

+disp('When K=1')

+eo=[(K*Rt/Rb)/(1+(K*Rt/Rb))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')

+Se=(ei*Rb)/[(Rb+K*Rt)^2];

+disp(Se,'sensitivity (V/ohm)= ')

+K=0.95;

+disp('When K=0.95')

+eo=[(K*Rt/Rb)/(1+(K*Rt/Rb))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')

+Se=(ei*Rb)/[(Rb+K*Rt)^2];

+disp(Se,'sensitivity (V/ohm)= ')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95ae59884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating the closed loop gain

+clc;

+Rf=10;

+R1=1;

+Avol=200000;

+A=-(Rf/R1)*(1/[1+(1/Avol)*((R1+Rf)/R1)]);

+disp(A,'closed loop gain=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.20/6_20.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.20/6_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..112124310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.20/6_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// calculate the output voltage for different values of K

+clc;

+ei=100;

+K=0.25;

+disp('When K=0.25')

+eo=[(K/6)/(1+(K/6))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')

+K=0.5;

+disp('When K=0.5')

+eo=[(K/6)/(1+(K/6))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')

+K=0.6;

+disp('When K=0.6')

+eo=[(K/6)/(1+(K/6))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')

+K=0.8;

+disp('When K=0.8')

+eo=[(K/6)/(1+(K/6))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)= ')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.21/6_21.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.21/6_21.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faa0e7cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.21/6_21.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculating the resistance and output voltage

+clc;

+R2=119;

+R3=119.7;

+R1=120.4;

+R4=R2*R3/R1;

+R4=121.2;

+ei=12;

+eo=[(R1*R4-R2*R3)/((R1+R3)*(R2+R4))]*ei;

+disp(eo, 'output voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.22/6_22.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.22/6_22.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..96d449ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.22/6_22.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculating the bridge output

+clc;

+ei=6;

+R=10000;

+disp('if dR=0.05R')

+dR=0.05*R;

+eo=[(dR/R)/(4+2*(dR/R))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)')

+disp('if dR=-0.05R')

+dR=-0.05*R;

+eo=[(dR/R)/(4+2*(dR/R))]*ei;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.23/6_23.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.23/6_23.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da5ba7350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.23/6_23.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculating the resistance of unknown resistance

+clc;

+R2=800;

+R3=800;

+R4=800;

+Rm=100;

+R=800;

+ei=4;

+im=0.8*10^-6;

+dR=(im*R^2)*(4*(1+Rm/R))/ei;

+R1=R+dR;

+disp(R1,'Resistance of unknown resistor (ohm)=')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.24/6_24.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.24/6_24.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..854225992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.24/6_24.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// calculating the current

+clc;

+R2=1000;

+R3=1000;

+R1=1010;

+R4=1000;

+ei=100;

+eo=[(R1*R4-R2*R3)/((R1+R3)*(R2+R4))]*ei;

+disp(eo, 'open circuit voltage (V)=')

+Ro=[R1*R4/(R1+R4)]+[R2*R3/(R2+R3)];

+Rm=4000;

+im=eo/(Ro+Rm);

+disp(im,'current (A)=')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.25/6_25.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.25/6_25.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb02c0612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.25/6_25.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Calculating maximum permissible current through strain gauge, supply voltage

+// and Power dissipation in series resistance 

+clc;

+R=100;

+P=250*10^-3;

+i=(P/R)^0.5;

+disp(i,'maximum permissible current (A)=') 

+ei=2*i*R;

+disp(ei,'maximum supply voltage (V)=')

+Rs=100;

+Ps=10^2/Rs;

+disp(Ps,'Power dissipation in series resistance (W)')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.26/6_26.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.26/6_26.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e85dbfd38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.26/6_26.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculating  the maximum voltage sensitivity of the bridge

+clc;

+P=(0.1/0.2)*10^-3;

+R=1000;

+eim=2*(P*R)^0.5;

+dth=0.1;

+dR=(4.5/100)*dth*R;

+eom=(dR/(4*R))*eim;

+Sem=eom/dth;

+disp(Sem,'maximum voltage sensitivity of the bridge (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.27/6_27.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.27/6_27.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ef8af82f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.27/6_27.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculating the resolution of the instrument, quantization error and decesion levels

+clc;

+Reso=10*10^-3/10;

+disp (Reso,'resolution of the instrument=')

+n=10;

+Q=10/2^n;

+Eq=Q/(2*3^0.5);

+disp (Eq,'quantization error=')

+D=(2^n)-1;

+disp (D,'decesion levels=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.28/6_28.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.28/6_28.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..25bc2b9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.28/6_28.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculating the weight of MSB and LSB

+clc;

+Ra=10;

+b=5;

+Wmsb=Ra/2;

+disp(Wmsb,'weight of MSB (V)=')

+Wlsb=Ra/2^b;

+disp(Wlsb,'weight of LSB (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.29/6_29.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.29/6_29.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..520a4cf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.29/6_29.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Calculating reference voltage and percentage change

+clc;

+E=10;

+ER=E*256/255;

+disp(ER,'Reference voltage (V)=')

+n=8;

+CVlsb=(2^-n)*ER;

+PC=CVlsb*100/E;

+disp(PC,'Percentage change =')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f231b0bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculating the maximum output voltage

+clc;

+Sa=10;

+disp(Sa, 'saturation voltage=')

+Vom=Sa;

+disp(Vom,'maximum output voltage')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.30/6_30.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.30/6_30.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..57c6321d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.30/6_30.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Calculating the number of bits, Value of LSB, Quantization error,minimum sampling rate Aperature time and dynamic range

+clc;

+n=14;

+disp(n,'number of bits =')

+E=10;

+Q=10;

+LSB=E/2^n;

+disp(LSB,'Value of LSB (V) =')

+Eq=Q/(2*(3^0.5));

+disp(Eq,'Quantization error (V) =')

+fh=1000;

+fs=5*fh;

+disp(fs,'minimum sampling rate (Hz) =')

+a=1/16384;

+ta=1/(2*%pi*fh)*a;

+disp(ta,'Aperature time (s) =')

+Dr=6*n;

+disp(Dr,'dynamic range (db) =')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.31/6_31.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.31/6_31.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5b69f53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.31/6_31.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Calculating the value of resistance and smallest output current

+clc;

+ER=10;

+n=6;

+Imax=10*10^-3;

+R=ER*((2^n)-1)/[(2^(n-2))*Imax];

+disp(R,'resistance (ohm)=')

+LSB=ER/[(2^(n-1))*R];

+disp(LSB,'smallest output current (A)')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.32/6_32.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.32/6_32.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a43319bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.32/6_32.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Calculating the output voltage

+clc;

+n=6;

+R=10000;

+Io= (10/10*10^3)*{1*1+1*0.5+1*0.25+0*0.125+1*0.0625}*10^-6;

+Rf=5000;

+Eo=-Io*Rf;

+disp(Eo,'Output voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.33/6_33.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.33/6_33.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b5525794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.33/6_33.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Calculate the output of successive approximation A/D

+clc;

+disp('Set d3=1')

+Output=5/2^1;

+disp('since 3.217>2.5  so d3=1')

+disp('Set d2=1')

+Output=(5/2^1)+(5/2^2);

+disp('since 3.217< 3.75  so d2=0')

+disp('Set d1=1')

+Output=(5/2^1)+(5/2^3);

+disp('since 3.217>3.125  so d1=1')

+disp('Set d0=1')

+Output=(5/2^1)+(5/2^3)+(5/2^4);

+disp('since 3.217<3.4375  so d0=0')

+disp('Output of successive approximation A/D = 1010')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.34/6_34.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.34/6_34.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d09585e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.34/6_34.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//to calculate o/p dc voltage

+

+clc;

+t=400;

+T=t/4;

+C=1*10^-6;

+v=20;

+i=C*100*v/(T);

+R=1*10^3;

+e_o=i*R;

+disp(e_o,'output voltage(V)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4287d194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating output voltage due to offset voltage

+clc;

+Vos=5*10^-3;

+Rf=10;

+R1=1;

+Vo=-Vos*(1+Rf/R1);

+disp(Vo,'output voltage due to offset voltage (V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5609cb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.5/6_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculating Amplification factor

+clc;

+

+Rf=10;

+R1=1;

+A=Rf/R1;

+disp(A,'Amplification Factor=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d57f9d72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.6/6_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// calculating output voltage due to offset voltage

+clc;

+V1=1;

+V2=-2;

+Rf=500;

+R1=250;

+R2=100;

+Vo=-{[(Rf/R1)*V1]+[(Rf/R2)*V2]};

+disp(Vo,'output voltage(V)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246def922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.7/6_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculating gain and feedback resistance

+clc;

+

+Rf=100*10^3;

+R1=1*10^3;

+A=Rf/R1;

+disp(A,'Gain=')

+disp('If multiplier is 10')

+A=10;

+Rf=A*R1;

+disp(Rf, 'feedback resistance (Ohm)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c523dae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.8/6_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Calculating the values of resistances

+clc;

+g=10;

+Rf=10;

+R1=Rf/g;

+disp(R1,'resistance R1(Kilo-ohms)=')

+R2=Rf/(0.5*g);

+disp(R2,'resistance R1(Kilo-ohms)=')

+R3=Rf/(0.333*g);

+disp(R3,'resistance R1(Kilo-ohms)=')

diff --git a/569/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sci b/569/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7af0949ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH6/EX6.9/6_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculating the value of resistance and capacitance

+clc;

+Voramp=-10;

+disp('if voltage source is 10V then RC= 1 ms and if C=1 micro-F')

+C=1;

+R=1*10^-3*10^6;

+disp(R,'value of resistance (ohm)= ')

diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..468dceee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculating resolution 

+clc;

+N = 4;

+R=1/10^N;

+disp(R,'Resolution of the meter=');

+VR=1;

+R1=VR*R;

+disp(R1,'Resolution of the meter for voltage range 1V=');

+VR1=10;

+R2=VR1*R;

+disp(R2,'Resolution of the meter for voltage range 10V=');

diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3c55883d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.10/7_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Calculating possible phase angles

+clc;

+disp ('if spot generating pattern moves in the clockwise direction')

+Y1=0;

+Y2=5;

+PA=asind(Y1/Y2);

+disp(PA,'phase angle (degree)')

+Y1=2.5;

+Y2=5;

+PA=asind(Y1/Y2);

+disp(PA,'phase angle (degree)')

+Y1=3.5;

+Y2=5;

+PA=asind(Y1/Y2);

+disp(PA,'phase angle (degree)')

+Y1=2.5;

+Y2=5;

+PA=180-[asind(Y1/Y2)];

+disp(PA,'phase angle (degree)')

+

diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8afe24dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// calculating resolution 

+clc;

+N = 3;

+R=1/10^N;

+disp(R,'Resolution of the meter=');

+disp('12.98 will be displayed as 12.980 on 10V scale')

+VR=1;

+R1=VR*R;

+disp(R1,'Resolution of the meter for voltage range 1V=');

+disp('0.6973 will be displayed as 0.6973 on 1V scale')

+VR1=10;

+R2=VR1*R;

+disp(R2,'Resolution of the meter for voltage range 10V=');

+disp('0.6973 will be displayed as 00.697 on 10V scale')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f115af79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// calculating Total possible error and percentage error

+clc;

+R=5;

+V=0.005*R;

+disp(V,'0.5 percent of the reading')

+TPE=V+0.01;

+disp(TPE,'Total possible error (V)=')

+R1=0.10;

+V1=0.005*R1;

+TPE1=V1+0.01;

+disp(TPE1,'Total possible error (V)=')

+PE=(TPE1/0.1)*100;

+disp(PE,'Percentage error=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9765dfc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculating frequency

+clc;

+N=034;

+t=10*10^-3;

+f=N/t;

+disp(f,'frequency(Hz)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42254ce35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// calculating maximum error

+clc;

+R=5*10^6;

+V=0.00005*R;

+disp(V,'0.005 percent of the reading(micro sec)=');

+LSD=1;

+ME=V+1;

+disp(ME,'Maximum error (micro sec)=')

+R=500;

+V=0.00005*R;

+disp(V,'0.005 percent of the reading(sec)=');

+LSD=1;

+ME=V+1;

+disp(ME,'Maximum error (sec)=')

diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47b1752b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// calculating number of turns and current

+clc;

+D=8*10^-3;

+A=D^2;

+disp(A,'A=')

+J=8*10^-3;

+K=16*10^-3;

+B=4*J*K;

+disp (B,'B=')

+disp('since A<B so the instrument is underdanped')

+th=(100*%pi)/180;

+i=10*10^-3;

+F=0.2*10^-6;

+G=(K*th+F)/i;

+l=65*10^-3;

+d=25*10^-3;

+N=G/(B*l*d);

+disp(N,'number of turns=')

+i=F/G;

+disp(i,'current required to overcome friction (A)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbda68c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculating speed of the tape

+clc;

+Lam=2.5*6.25;

+f=50000;

+S=Lam*10^-6*f;

+disp(S,'speed(m/s)=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2433f6fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// calculating number density of the tape

+clc;

+ND=12000/1.5;

+disp(ND,'Number density (numbers/mm)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sci b/569/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..684a3994d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH7/EX7.9/7_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculating possible phase angles

+clc;

+Y1=1.25;

+Y2=2.5;

+PA=asind(Y1/Y2);

+disp(PA,'phase angle (degree)')

+disp('possible angle are 30 degree and 330 degree')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ffe63563d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// calculate the arrangement of slip gauges

+clc;

+Dd=52.215;

+disp(Dd,'desired value=')

+Pb=4;

+disp(Pb,'Protected block=')

+R=Dd-Pb;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+Tp=1.005;

+disp(Tp,'thousand  block=')

+R=R-Tp;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+Hp=1.010;

+disp(Hp,'Hunderths block=')

+R=R-Hp;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+Ttp=2.20;

+disp(Ttp,'tenths block=')

+R=R-Ttp;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+Up=4;

+disp(Up,'unit block=')

+R=R-Up;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+Tp=40;

+disp(Tp,'Tens block=')

+R=R-Tp;

+disp(R,'Reminder=')

+

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d14d59545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// calculate the sensitivity

+clc;

+Ps=200*10^3;

+r=0.6;

+d2=0.5;

+d1=0.5;

+a=(d2/d1^2);

+x1=(1.1-r)/(2*a);

+disp(x1,'x1=')

+r=0.8;

+d2=0.5;

+d1=0.5;

+a=(d2/d1^2);

+x2=(1.1-r)/(2*a);

+disp(x2,'x2=')

+x=x1-x2;

+disp(x,'so the range is x (mm)')

+hS=%pi*d2*10^-3;

+A2=%pi*d2*10^-6*(x1+x2)/2;

+pS=-0.4*Ps/A2;

+pgS=25*10^-3/1000;

+S=hS*pS*pgS;

+disp(S,'sensitivity=')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..acc6cc2fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// calculate uncertainity in displacement

+Pi=70*10^3;

+r=0.4;

+d2=1.6;

+d1=0.75;

+a=(d2/d1^2);

+x1=(1.1-r)/(2*a);

+disp(x1,'x1=')

+r=0.9;

+x2=(1.1-r)/(2*a);

+disp(x2,'x2=')

+x=x1-x2;

+disp(x,'so the range is x (mm)')

+d=-2*a;

+Wr=12.5/Pi;

+Wx=Wr/d;

+disp(Wx,'uncertainity in displacement (mm)')

diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f981ba82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// calculate difference between height of workpieces and pile of slip gauges

+clc;

+N=12;

+lem=0.644;

+d=N*lem/2;

+disp(d,'difference between height of workpieces and pile of slip gauges (micro-meter)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1dbfa285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// calculate seperation distance between two surfaces and angle of tilt

+clc;

+N=5;

+lem=546*10^-9;

+d=[(2*N-1)*lem*10^6]/4;

+disp(d,'seperation distance between two surfaces(micro-meter)')

+x=75;

+th=atan(d/x);

+disp(th,'angle of tilt')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f22bf675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Calculate the difference in two diameters

+clc;

+x=20/12;

+L=50-10;

+lem=0.6;

+d=(L*lem)/(2*x);

+disp(d,'difference in diameters of the rollers(micro-meter)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sci b/569/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0389145b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Calculate the change in thickness along its length

+clc;

+d=4.5-2.5;

+Tg=2*(0.5)*0.509;

+disp(Tg,'change in thickness along its length(micro-meter)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c09ae6edd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.1/9_1.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// calculating the length of mean free path

+clc;

+T=273+20;

+P=101.3*10^3;

+mfp=22.7*10^-6*T/P;

+disp(mfp,'length of mean free path when pressure is one atmospheric pressure(m)')

+P=133;

+mfp=22.7*10^-6*T/P;

+disp(mfp,'length of mean free path when pressure is one torr(m)')

+P=133*10^-3;

+mfp=22.7*10^-6*T/P;

+disp(mfp,'length of mean free path when pressure is one micrometer of Hg(m)')

+P=249.1;

+mfp=22.7*10^-6*T/P;

+disp(mfp,'length of mean free path when pressure is one inch of water(m)')

+P=133*10^-6;

+mfp=22.7*10^-6*T/P;

+disp(mfp,'length of mean free path when pressure is 10^-3 micrometer of Hg(m)')

+

+

+

+

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..efe898573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculate diameter of the tube

+clc;

+P=100*10^3;

+g=9.81;

+di=10*10^-3;

+D=40*10^-3;

+A= (%pi/4)*D^2;

+dm=13.6*10^3;

+a=A/[P/(dm*g*di)-1];

+d=(4*a/%pi)^0.5*10^3;

+disp(d,'diameter of the tube(mm)')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c653b2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculate amplification ratio and percentage error

+clc;

+AR=1/(0.83-0.8);

+disp(AR,'Amplification ratio')

+D=50*10^-3;

+A= (%pi/4)*D^2;

+d=6*10^-3;

+a= (%pi/4)*d^2;

+PR=(a/A)*100;

+disp(PR,'percentage error')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..00612a252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculate value of counter weight required

+clc;

+P=981;

+g=9.81;

+d=500*10^-3;

+A= (%pi/4)*(10*10^-3)^2;

+R=275*10^-3;

+th=30;

+W=A*d*P/(2*g*R*sind(th));

+disp(W,'value of counter weight required(kg)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15be5c650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// calculate damping factor, time constant, error and time lag

+// calculate damping factor, natural frequency, time constant, error and time lag

+clc;

+Mp1=20/40;

+Mp2=10/40;

+Mp3=5/40;

+Eta=0.225;

+disp(Eta,'damping factor')

+Td=1.2;

+wd=2*%pi/Td;

+wn=wd/[(1-Eta^2)^0.5];

+tc=1/wn;

+disp(tc,'time constant(s)')

+ess=2*Eta/wn;

+ess5=5*ess;

+disp(ess5,'error for 5mm/s ramp(mm)')

+Tlag=2*Eta*tc;

+disp(Tlag,'time lag(s)')

+Eta1=Eta*(0.5)^0.5;

+disp(Eta1,'New damping factor')

+Td=1.2;

+wn1 = wn*(0.5)^0.5;

+disp(wn1,'New natural frequency(rad/s)')

+tc1=1/wn;

+disp(tc1,'New time constant(s)')

+ess51=ess5;

+disp(ess51,'new error for 5mm/s ramp(mm)')

+Tlag1=Tlag;

+disp(Tlag1,'new time lag(s)');
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd602c982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.14/9_14.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculate thickness of diaphram and natural frequency

+clc;

+P=7*10^6;

+R=6.25*10^-3;

+v=0.28;

+E=200*10^9;

+t={[9*P*R^4*(1-v^2)/(16*E)]^0.25}*10^3;

+disp(t,'thickness of diaphram(mm)')

+ds=7800;

+fn=[2.5*t/(%pi*R^2)]*[E/(3*ds*(1-v^2))]^0.5;

+disp(fn,'natural frequency(Hz)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7938927ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.15/9_15.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// calculate the natural length of the spring and dispacement

+clc;

+P=100*10^3;

+A=1500*10^-6;

+F=P*A;

+Cs=F/3;

+Ls=Cs+40;

+disp(Ls,'natural length of spring(mm)')

+P1=10*10^3;

+F1=P1*A;

+Ss=3+2*.5;

+D=F1/Ss;

+disp(D,'displacement (mm)')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38588cdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.16/9_16.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// calculate the open circuit voltage

+clc;

+P=200*10^3;

+R=70*10^-3;

+v=0.25;

+t=1*10^-3;

+r=60*10^-3;

+E=200*10^9;

+Sr=[3*P*R^2*v/(8*t^2)]*{(1/v+1)-(3/v+1)*(r/R)^2};

+St=[3*P*R^2*v/(8*t^2)]*{(1/v+1)-(1/v+3)*(r/R)^2};

+Sta2=(Sr-v*St)/E;

+Sta3=(Sr-v*St)/E;

+r0=10*10^-3;

+Sr1=[3*P*R^2*v/(8*t^2)]*{(1/v+1)-(3/v+1)*(r0/R)^2};

+St1=[3*P*R^2*v/(8*t^2)]*{(1/v+1)-(1/v+3)*(r0/R)^2};

+Sta1=(Sr1-v*St1)/E;

+Sta4=(Sr1-v*St1)/E;

+Gf=1.8;

+ei=12;

+eo=(Sta1+Sta4-Sta2-Sta3)*Gf*ei/4;

+disp(eo,'output voltage (V)')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14fe3fd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.17/9_17.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// calculate the optimum setting

+clc;

+Aou=700*25*1/100;

+Aol=100*25*1/100;

+AouPtP= 2*Aou;

+AolPtP= 2*Aol;

+Se1=1;

+D1=AouPtP/Se1;

+disp(D1,'deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 1mV/mm (mm)')

+disp('sinch the length of the screen is 100mm so waveform is out of range and hence sensitivity setting of 1mV/mm should not be used')

+Se2=5;

+D2=AouPtP/Se2;

+disp(D2,'deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 5mV/mm (mm)')

+disp('delection is within the range')

+Se3=20;

+D3=AouPtP/Se3;

+disp(D3,'deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 20mV/mm (mm)')

+disp('delection is within the range')

+Se4=100;

+D4=AouPtP/Se4;

+disp(D4,'deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 100mV/mm (mm)')

+disp('delection is within the range')

+Se5=500;

+D5=AouPtP/Se5;

+disp(D5,'deflection of screen corresponding to maximum pressure for sensitivity of 500mV/mm (mm)')

+disp('delection is within the range')

+disp('since the sensitivity of 5mV/mm gives higher deflection so it is the optimum sensitivity')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e61b361e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.18/9_18.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// calculate the output voltage of bridge

+clc;

+dP=(7000*10^3)-(100*10^3);

+b=25*10^-12;

+R1=100;

+dR=R1*b*dP;

+ei=5;

+deo=dR*ei/(4*R1)

+disp(deo,'output voltage of bridge(V)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..545fdd914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.19/9_19.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// calculate attenuation

+clc;

+T=273+20;

+P=101.3*10^3;

+R=287;

+de=P/(R*T);

+C=20.04*T^0.5;

+r=6.25*10^-3;

+L=0.6;

+V=%pi*[(12.5*10^-3)^2]*(12.5*10^-3);

+wn=C*r*(%pi/(V*(L+0.5*%pi*r)))^0.5;

+fn=wn/(2*%pi);

+f=1000;

+u=f/fn;

+mu=19.1*10^-6;

+eta=[2*mu/(de*C*r^3)]*[3*L*V/%pi]^0.5;

+M=1/{[(1-u^2)^2]+[(2*eta*u)^2]}^0.5;

+%M=M*100;

+disp(%M,'attenuation=')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e311af67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//Calculate Pressure of air source

+clc;

+T=273+25;

+P=99.22*10^3;

+R=288;

+df=P/(R*T);

+dm=0.82*996;

+g=9.81;

+h=200*10^-6;

+P1=g*h*(dm-df)*10^3;

+Pa=P+P1;

+disp(Pa,'Pressure of air source(N/m2)')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9a54465d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.20/9_20.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculate error

+clc;

+d=1;

+At=(%pi*d^2)*10^-6/4;

+V=100*10^-6;

+h=30*10^-3;

+P1=(At*h^2)/V;

+P2=(At*h^2)/(V-At*h);

+e=P2-P1;

+disp(e,'error=' )

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c0cbc7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//Calculate Pressure head

+clc;

+df=1*10^3;

+dm=13.56*10^3;

+g=9.81;

+h=130*10^-3;

+P=g*h*(dm-df);

+Ph=P/9.81;

+disp(Ph,'Pressure head(mm of water)')

diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3248119ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// calculate hight

+clc;

+hn =250;

+d=5;

+D=25;

+h=hn*(1+(d/D)^2);

+disp(h,'height')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6d9df8a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculate error interms of pressure

+clc;

+P=8*133;

+h=P/(800*9.81);

+d=2;

+D=50;

+hn=h/(1+(d/D)^2);

+e=(hn-h)/h*100;

+eP=0.8*1000*9.81*(hn-h);

+disp(eP,'error interms of pressure(N/m2)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a693bd8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// calculate angle to which tube is incliend to vertical

+clc;

+P=133;

+g=9.81;

+dm=13.56*10^3;

+R=10^-3;

+d=4;

+D=20;

+th=asind(P/(g*dm*R*(1+(d/D)^2)));

+thV=90-th;

+disp(thV,'angle to which tube is incliend to vertical(degree)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d3ef021a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// calculate angle to which tube is incliend to horizontal

+clc;

+P=9.81;

+g=9.81;

+dm=0.864*10^3;

+R=4*10^-3;

+d=2;

+D=20;

+th=asind(P/(g*dm*R*(1+(d/D)^2)));

+disp(th,'angle to which tube is incliend to horizontal(degree)')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/569/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sci b/569/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sci
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3a089c43e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/569/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.sci
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// calculate Length of scale angle to which tube is incliend to horizontal

+clc;

+P=500*9.81;

+g=9.81;

+d=8;

+a= (%pi/4)*d^2;

+A=1200;

+dm=0.8*10^3;

+hn=P/(g*dm*(1+(a/A)));

+disp(hn,'Length of scale(m)')

+R=0.6;

+P1=50*9.81;

+th=asind(P1/(g*dm*R*[1+(a/A)]));

+disp(th,'angle to which tube is incliend to horizontal(degree)')
\ No newline at end of file