initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
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+//Example 6.1

+//Program to calculate the ratio of stimulated emission rate to the

+//spontaneous emission rate

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+Lambda=0.5*10^-6;     //metres - OPERATING WAVELENGTH

+k=1.381*10^(-23);     //m^2 kg/s - BOLTZMANN's CONSTANT

+c= 2.998*10^8;        //m/s - SPEED OF LIGHT

+h=6.626*10^(-34);     //J/K - PLANK's CONSTANT

+T=1000;               //Kelvin - TEMPERATURE

+

+//Average operating frequency

+f=c/Lambda;

+

+//Stimulated Emission Rate/Spontaneous Emission Rate

+Ratio=1/(exp(h*f/(k*T))-1);

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Stimulated Emission Rate/Spontaneous Emission Rate =  %0.1f X 10^(-13).",Ratio/10^(-13));
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce
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index 000000000..70fe2d8c1
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+//Example 6.2

+//Program to determine the number of longitudinal modes and their 

+//frequency separation in a ruby laser

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+Lambda=0.55*10^-6;    //metres - PEAK EMISSION WAVELENGTH

+n=1.78;               //REFRACTIVE INDEX

+c= 2.998*10^8;        //m/s - SPEED OF LIGHT

+L=4*10^(-2);          //metres - CRYSTAL LENGTH

+

+//Number of Longitudinal modes

+q=2*n*L/Lambda;

+

+//Frequency separation of the modes

+del_f=c/(2*n*L);

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Number of Longitudinal modes is %0.1f X 10^5.",q/10^5);

+printf("\n\n\t Frequency separation of the modes is %0.1f GHz.",del_f/10^9);
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7d57045ce
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+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce
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+//Example 6.3

+//Program to calculate laser gain coefficient for the cavity

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+L=600*10^-4;          //cm - CAVITY LENGTH

+r=0.3;                //*100 percent - REFLECTIVITY

+alpha_bar= 30;        //per cm - LOSSES

+

+//Laser Gain Coefficient

+gth_bar=alpha_bar+1/L*log(1/r);

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Laser Gain Coefficient is %1.0f per cm.",gth_bar);
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f37c65ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce
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+//Example 6.4

+//Program to compare the approximate radiative minority carrier 

+//lifetimes in gallium arsenide and silicon

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+N=10^18;              //per cm^3 - HOLE CONCENTRATION

+Br1=7.21*10^(-10);    //cm^3 / s - RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENT FOR GaAs

+Br2=1.79*10^(-15);    //cm^3 / s - RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENT FOR Si

+

+//Radiative minority carrier lifetime for GaAs

+tau_r1=1/(Br1*N);

+

+//Radiative minority carrier lifetime for Si

+tau_r2=1/(Br2*N);

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Radiative minority carrier lifetime for GaAs is %0.2f ns.",tau_r1/10^(-9));

+printf("\n\n\t Radiative minority carrier lifetime for Si is %0.2f ms.",tau_r2/10^(-3));
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d0d91a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce
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+//Example 6.5

+//Program to determine the threshold current density and the 

+//threshold current for the device

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+n=3.6;                    //REFRACTIVE INDEX OF GaAs

+beeta_bar=21*10^(-3);     //A/cm^3 - GAIN FACTOR

+alpha_bar=10;             //per cm - LOSS COEFFICIENT

+L=250*10^(-4);            //cm - LENGTH OF OPTICAL CAVITY

+W=100*10^(-4);            //cm - WIDTH OF OPTICAL CAVITY

+

+//Reflectivity for normal incidence

+r=((n-1)/(n+1))^2;

+

+//Threshold current density

+Jth=1/beeta_bar*(alpha_bar+1/L*log(1/r));

+

+//Threshold current

+Ith=Jth*W*L;

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Threshold current density is %0.2f X 10^3 A/cm^2.",Jth/10^3);

+printf("\n\n\t Threshold current is %0.1f mA.",Ith/10^(-3));
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65e43cf2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//Example 6.6

+//Program to calculate the external power efficiency of the device 

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data

+eeta_t=0.18;          //*100 percent - TOTAL EFFICIENCY

+Eg=1.43;              //eV - ENERGY BAND GAP OF GaAs

+V=2.5;                //Volts - APPLIED VOLTAGE

+

+//External power efficiency of the device

+eeta_ep=eeta_t*Eg/V;

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t External power efficiency of GaAs device is %1.0f percent.",eeta_ep*100);
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b099e9825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//Example 6.7

+//Program to compare the ratio of threshold current densities at 20 C 

+//and 80 C for AlGaAs and InGaAsP

+  

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data 

+T1=293;               //degree C

+T2=352;               //degree C

+

+//For AlGaAs

+T0=170;               //degree C

+Jth_20=exp(T1/T0);

+Jth_80=exp(T2/T0);

+Ratio=Jth_80/Jth_20;

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Ratio of current densities for AlGaAs is %0.2f .",Ratio);

+

+//For InGaAsP

+T0=55;               //degree C

+Jth_20=exp(T1/T0);

+Jth_80=exp(T2/T0);

+Ratio=Jth_80/Jth_20;

+

+//Displaying the Result in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t Ratio of current densities for InGaAsP is %0.2f .",Ratio);
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diff --git a/401/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce b/401/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3358f35d
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+++ b/401/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//Example 6.8

+//Determine the

+//(a)The RMS value of the power fluctuation

+//(b)The RMS noise current at the output of the detector

+

+clear;

+clc ;

+close ;

+

+//Given data 

+B=100*10^6;                      //Hz - BANDWIDTH

+S_rinf_by_Pebarsquare=10^(-15);  //per Hz - RIN VALUE

+e=1.602*10^(-19);                //Coulumbs - CHARGE OF AN ELECTRON

+eeta=0.6;                        //*100 percent - QUANTUM EFFICIENCY

+lambda=1.55*10^(-6);             //metre - WAVELENGTH 

+h= 6.626*10^(-34);               //J/K - PLANK's CONSTANT

+c=2.998*10^8;                    //m/s - VELOCITY OF LIGHT IN VACCUM

+Pe_bar=2*10^(-3);                //Watt - INCIDENT POWER

+

+//(a)The RMS value of the power fluctuation

+RMS_value=sqrt(S_rinf_by_Pebarsquare*B);

+

+//(b)The RMS noise current at the output of the detector

+RMS_noise_current=e*eeta*lambda/(h*c)*RMS_value*Pe_bar;

+

+//Displaying the Results in Command Window

+printf("\n\n\t (a)The RMS value of the power fluctuation is %0.2f X 10^(-4) W.",RMS_value/10^(-4));

+printf("\n\n\t (b)The RMS noise current at the output of the detector is %0.2f X 10^(-7) A.",RMS_noise_current/10^(-7));
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