initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.jpg b/3822/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.jpg
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diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3822/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce
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+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 1.1

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.500;//refractive index of core

+n2=1.450;//refractive index of cladding

+thetac=asind(n2/n1);//critical angle for core-cladding(in degrees)

+phim=90-thetac;//corresponding angle of obliqueness(in degrees)

+mprintf("\n Critical Angle for the core-cladding surface is =%.2f degrees ",thetac);

+mprintf("\n Corresponding Angle of Obliquences is= %.2f degrees",phim);

+Alpham=asind((n1/n2)* sind(phim));//acceptance angle

+mprintf("\n Acceptance Angle is =%.2f ",Alpham);

+NA=(((n1+n2)*(n1-n2))^0.5);//numerical aperture of the fiber

+mprintf("\n Numerical Aperture is =%.2f ",NA);

+p=((NA)^2 )*100;//percentage of light collected

+mprintf("\n Percentage of Light Collected is =%.2f percent",p);

+//the answers vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.jpg b/3822/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.jpg
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index 000000000..105e7ac74
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+++ b/3822/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3822/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce
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index 000000000..5316b907c
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+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 1.2

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+NA=0.3;//numerical aperture of the optical fiber

+na=1;//refractive index of air

+Alpham=(asind(NA));//acceptance angle for the meridional rays

+gamma0=45;//in degrees

+Alphasm=(asind(NA)/cosd(gamma0));//acceptance angle for skew rays

+mprintf("\n Acceptance angle for the meridional rays is= %.2f degrees",Alpham);

+mprintf("\n Acceptance angle for the skew rays is = %.2f degrees",Alphasm);

+//The answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.jpg b/3822/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ec22cd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3822/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43510acb9
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+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 1.3

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.46;//refractive index of the core of W-step index fiber

+delta=0.02;//relative refractive index between the core and the cladding

+n2=n1-(delta*n1);//refractive index of the cladding

+NA=(((n1+n2)*(n1-n2))^0.5);//numerical aperture of the fiber

+thetac=asind(n2/n1);//critical angle at the core cladding interface

+phi=%pi*(NA^2);//solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber

+mprintf("\n Numerical Aperture is %.2f",NA);

+mprintf("\n Critical angle at the core-cladding interface is =%.2fdegrees",thetac);

+mprintf("\n Solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber is =%.2fradians",phi);

+//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.jpg b/3822/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7fbb8b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3822/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f668ca8ca
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+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 11.1

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+L=1.25e3;//length of the link in m

+delta_lamda=45;//change in wavelength in nanometers

+lamda=850;//perating wavelength of fibre in nanometer

+C=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+M=0.023;//value of material dispersion parameter

+

+u=L/C;

+v=delta_lamda/lamda;

+delta_t_mat=u*v*0.023;//dispersion delay when length is 1.25 km

+mprintf("The dispersion delay when length is 1.25 km=%.2f ns",delta_t_mat*1e9);

diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.jpg b/3822/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc151cb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3822/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0d4b582b
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+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 11.1

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+L=1.25e3;//length of the link in m

+delta_lamda=45;//change in wavelength in nanometers

+lamda=850;//perating wavelength of fibre in nanometer

+C=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+M=0.023;//value of material dispersion parameter

+BR=1e7//bitate in bps

+TB=1/BR//bit period in s

+v=delta_lamda/lamda;

+Lmax=0.35*TB*C/(M*v)//The material dispersion limited transmission distance

+

+mprintf("The material dispersion limited transmission distance=%.2f Km",Lmax/1e3);

diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.jpg b/3822/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..555e59777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3822/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbdbe0ee9
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@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 11.3

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.45//refractive index of core

+delta=0.01;//relative refractive index difference

+Br=50e6;//data rate in bps

+C=3e8// velocity of light in m/s

+//for step index fibre

+Lmaxs1=0.35*C/(delta*n1*Br);//modal dispersion limited transmission distance in meter for step index fiber

+mprintf("\n The modal dispersion limited transmission distance for step index fiber is=%.2f m",Lmaxs1);

+//for graded index fibre

+

+Lmaxc1=1.4*C*n1/(delta*n1*Br);;//modal dispersion limited transmission distance in meter for graded index fiber

+mprintf("\n The modal dispersion limited transmission distance for graded index fiber is=%.2f m",Lmaxc1);

diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.jpg b/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca9999452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fa7e203a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce
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+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 11.4

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+

+BR=[0.5e6 10e6 100e6 1000e6]//data rate in bps

+

+for i=1:4

+Lmax1(i)=6.757e10/BR(i)//Material dispersion limited distance in m

+Lmax2(i)=4.2e10./BR(i)//modal limited distance in m

+Lmax3(i)=(55-20*log10(BR(i)))//attenuation limited distance in m

+end

+BR=[0 1 2 3]

+plot((BR)/1e6,Lmax1/1e4,'--')

+plot((BR)/1e6,Lmax2/1e4)

+//plot(log10(BR),(10^(Lmax3)/1e6)'-.-.')

+xtitle( 'Link Length Versus Data Rate', 'Data Rate (Mb/s)', 'Link Length(Km)',  boxed = %t );

+hl=legend(['Lmax1';'Lmax2']);

diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.jpg b/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a909c5907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c27852de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 11.5

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.45//refractive index of core

+delta=0.01;//relative refractive index difference

+Br=100e6;//data rate in bps

+C=3e8// velocity of light in m/s

+delta_ts=8e-9//silica fiber link rise time in s

+lambda=830e-9//wavelength in m

+delta_lambda=40e-9//spectral width in m

+delta_tr=10e-9//rise time in 10ns

+M=0.024//silica fiber parameter

+L=2.5e3//length of link in m

+delta_tmodal=3.5e-9*L/1e3//intermodal dispersion delay in s

+delta_tmat=(-L/C)*(delta_lambda/lambda)*(M)//material dispersion in s

+delta_tsys=1.1*sqrt(delta_ts^2+delta_tr^2+delta_tmat^2+delta_tmodal^2)//system delay in s

+BT=0.7/delta_tsys//Max bit rate for RZformat

+mprintf("\n Max bit rate for RZ format is=%.2fx10^6 bps",BT/1e6);//division by1e6 to convert the unit from bps to *10^6

+BT=0.35/delta_tsys//Max bit rate for NRZformat

+mprintf("\n Max bit rate for NRZ format is=%.2fx10^6 bps",BT/1e6);

+// the answer differ because of roundoff

diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.jpg b/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c82f2a7f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7480a2ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 2.1

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+lamda=85*10^-8;//wavelength of multimode fiber m

+d=70e-6;//core diameter of the multimode fiber in m

+n1=1.46;//refractive index of the fiber

+delta=0.015;//relative refractive index difference

+a=d/2;//radius=d/2 of core in m

+n2=n1-(delta*n1);//refractive index of cladding

+c=2*%pi*a/lamda;//constant part of the V-Number formula

+V=c*((n1^2-n2^2))^0.5;// V-number

+M=V^2/2;//total number of guided modes in the stepindex fiber

+mprintf("\n Refractive Index of the cladding is=%.2f ",n2);

+mprintf("\n Normalized frequency V-number of the fiber is =%.2f ",V);

+mprintf("\n Total number of guided modes in the fiber is= %.0f ",M);

+//The answers vary due to rounding 

diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3822/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16be51b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 2.2

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.48;//core refractive index of a step-index fiber

+delta=0.015;//relative index difference between the core and cladding

+lamda=85*10^-8;//wavelength of the fiber in m

+V=2.405;//value of V-number for single mode 

+c=(2*delta)^0.5;//constant value 

+a=(V*lamda)/(2*%pi*n1*c);//value of radius of core diameter in m

+d=2*a;//diameter of core diameter in m

+mprintf("\n Core diameter of the step index fiber is =%.2f um ",d*1e6);

+delta1=0.0015;//relative index difference between the core and the cladding

+c1=(2*delta1)^0.5;//constant value

+a1=(V*lamda)/(2*%pi*n1*c1);//value of radius of core diameter in m

+d1=2*a1;//diameter of core diameter in m

+mprintf("\n Core diameter of the step index fiber is= %.2f um ",d1*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 to convert the unit from m to um

+//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.jpg b/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c457dd98d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29afd54e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 2.3

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.6;//core and cladding refractive index of first fiber

+n2=1.44;//core and cladding refractive index of second fiber

+lamda=0.8;//wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in um

+c=(2*%pi)/lamda;//constant value propagation constant

+betamax=c*n1;//maximum value of maximum value of beta

+betamin=c*n2;//minimum value of minimum value of beta

+mprintf("\n Maximum value of Beta is= %.2f rad/um ",betamax);

+mprintf("\n Minimum value of Beta is= %.2f rad/um",betamin);

+//The answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.jpg b/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..617b36bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..223adb135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 2.4

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+a=5*10^-6;//radius in m

+Vc=2.405;//cut off value of V-parameter for single mode

+n1=1.46;//refractive index of the core

+delta=0.0025;//refractive index difference between the core and cladding

+c1=(2*delta)^0.5;//constant value

+c2=(2*%pi*a)/Vc;//constant value

+lamdac=c2*n1*c1;//cut off wavelength in m

+mprintf("\n Cut-off Wavelength is = %.2f um ",lamdac*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 to convert the unit from m to um

+//The answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.jpg b/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cacc7066c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdf310075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 2.5

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+a=30*10^-6;//radius in m

+n1=1.50;//refractive index of the core

+n2=1.49;//refractive index of the cladding

+lamda=0.85e-6//operating wavelength in m

+V=((2*%pi*a/lamda))*sqrt(n1^2-n2^2)//V number

+M=(1/2)*V^2//no. of guided modes in fiber

+mprintf("\n No. of Guided modes is = %.0f ",M);

+PcladbyP=(4/3)*M^-0.5//power in cladding to total power

+PcorebyP=1-PcladbyP//power in core to total power

+PcorebyPclad=PcorebyP/PcladbyP//power in core to power in cladding

+mprintf("\n ratio of power in core to power in cladding is = %.0f ",PcorebyPclad);

+//The answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3250f781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b34db6048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 3.1

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Pin=100;//average optical power in microwatts

+Pout=2.5;//average output power in microwatts

+L=10;//length of fiber in Km

+L1=11//Length of fiber in Km

+Ls=0.8//attenuation per splice in dB

+ns=3//no of splices

+u=1/L;

+v=log10(Pin/Pout);

+alphadB=u*10*v;//total attenuation per Km

+TA=alphadB*L;

+mprintf("\n Total Attenuation=%.2f dB",TA);

+TA11=alphadB*L1;//total attenuation for 11 Km

+mprintf("\n Total Attenuation for 11 Km=%.2f dB",TA11);

+OA=TA11+ns*Ls;//overall attenuation in the link

+mprintf("\n The overall attenuation in the link=%.2f dB",OA);

+PinbyPout=10^(OA/10);//the value of Pin/Pout for 11Km line with splices

+mprintf("\n The value of Pin/Pout for 11Km line with splices=%.2f",PinbyPout);

+//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..416f58f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..473dec64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 3.2

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.46;//refractive inde for the silica

+p=0.286;//photo elastic coefficient for the silica

+Bc=7e-11;//isothermal compressibility in m^2/N

+lambda=1e-6;//wavelength in meters

+KB=1.38e-23;//Boltzman constant in J/K

+TF=1400//fictive temperature in K

+u=8*(%pi^3)*KB*Bc*TF*p^2;// partial product

+v=(n1)^8;//partial product

+z=(lambda)^4;//partial product

+taur=[(u*v)/(z*3)];//Rayleigh scattering coefficient in per Km

+mprintf("\n Rayleigh scattering coefficient=%.3f*10^-4 per meter",taur*10^4);//multiplication by 1e4 to convert the unit to !0^-4 per Km

+LKM=exp(-taur*1e3);//transmission loss factor of fiber per m

+AdB=10*log10(1/LKM);//Attenuation in dB

+mprintf("\n Attenuation in dB=%.2fdB per Km",AdB);

+//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c2507fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c444e5271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.3

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+

+lamda=1.3;//wavelength in mm

+d=6;//diameter of the fiber in um

+alphadb=0.5//attenuation in dB

+deltatau=0.6;//laser source bandwidth in GHz

+Pb=(4.4*10^-3)*(d*d)*(lamda*lamda)*(alphadb)*(deltatau);//threshold optical power level for Brillouin scattering in watts

+Pr=(5.9*10^-2)*(d*d)*(lamda)*(alphadb);//threshold optical power level for Raman Scattering in watts

+mprintf("\n Threshold optical power level for Brillouin scattering is =%.2f mW",Pb*1e3);//multiplication by 1e3 to convert unit from w to mW

+mprintf("\n Threshold optical power level for Raman scattering is= %.2f W",Pr);

+

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb190968d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb66f500d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.4

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+a=4*10^-6;//radius in m

+n1=1.5;//core refractive index

+lamda=1.55*10^-6;//operating wavelength in m

+delta=0.003;//relative refractive index difference between core and cladding

+c=(2*delta)^0.5;//constant value

+lamdac=(c*2*%pi*a*n1)/2.405;//cut off wavelength for mono mode

+Rcs=(20*lamda)/((delta)^1.5)*((2.748-((0.996)*(lamda/lamdac)))^-3);//critical radius of curvature

+mprintf("\n Critical radius of curvature is= %.2fmm",Rcs*1e3);//multiplication by 1e3 to convert unit to mm//the answer given in textbook is wrong

+

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3444c3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d004ae7c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.5

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+a=4*10^-6;//radius in m

+n1=1.5;//core refractive index

+delta=0.03;//delta

+lamda=0.80*10^-6;//wavelength in m

+c=(2*delta)^0.5;//constant value

+n2=sqrt((n1^2)-(2*delta*n1^2));

+c5=((n1^2)-(n2^2))^1.5;

+Rcs=(3*n1^2*lamda)/(4*%pi*c5);//critical radius

+mprintf("\n Critical radius is =%.2f um",Rcs*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 to convert unit to um//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77fa6443c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..414a778dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.6

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+

+n1=1.55;//refractive index of core

+n2=1.51//refractive index of cladding

+no=1//refractive index of air

+C=3e8//velocity of light in m/s

+deltan=n1-n2;//relative refractive index

+NA=((n1+n2)*deltan)^0.5;//Numerical aperture

+alpham=asind(NA)//acceptance angle in degrees

+deltatbyZ=(n1/n2)*deltan/C//multiple time dispersionin s/m

+mprintf("Numerical Aperture is=%.2f",NA);

+mprintf("\nAcceptance angle is=%.2f degree",alpham)

+mprintf("\nMultiple time dispersion is=%.2f ns/Km",deltatbyZ*1e12)//multiplication by 1e12 to convert unit from s/m to ns/Km

+//the answer vary slightly due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2347d649c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60b41bf5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.7

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+C=3*10^8;//speed of light in m/s

+lamda=0.85*10^-6;//wavelength in m

+SW=0.003*10^-6;//spectrum width in m

+Ym=0.021;//material dispersion parameter (ps/Km.nm)

+Gamma=SW/lamda;

+taubyZ=(Gamma/C)*(Ym)//in ns/Km

+deltafZ=(C)/(4*Gamma*Ym);//Bandwidth distance product in GHz.Km

+mprintf("\n Bandwidth distance product is =%.0fGHz.Km",deltafZ/1e12);//division by 1e9 to convert unit to GHz.Km from Hz.m

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08ec360fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad8badba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.8

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n1=1.48;//refractive index of core

+delta=0.0022;//relative refractive index difference

+a=4.5*10^-6;//core radius

+lamda=1.3*10^-6;//wavelength in m

+cod=9*10^-3;//core diameter

+cad=125*10^-3;//cladding diameter

+C=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+Vd2VbbydV2=0.48//waveguide dispersion constant at V=2.14

+V=((2*%pi*a)/lamda)*n1*((2*delta)^0.5);//V-number

+n2=n1*(1-delta);

+DelGbyZdelL=(-n2*delta)*Vd2VbbydV2/(C*lamda);//waveguide dispersion in ps/Km?nm

+mprintf("waveguide dispersion =%.2f ps/Km/nm",DelGbyZdelL*1e6)//multiplication by 1e6 to convert unit ps/Km/nm

diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.jpg b/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f55ff4dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c2497fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 3.9

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Gama0=0.5;//transmitted pulse width in ns

+delta_timd=0;//total intermodulation dispersion in ns

+delta_tmd=2.81;//total material dispersion in ns

+delta_twgd=0.495;//total waveguide dispersion in ns

+delta_ttotal=((delta_timd^2)+(delta_tmd^2)+(delta_twgd^2))^0.5;//Total dispersion in ns

+Gama=Gama0+delta_ttotal;// width of received pulse in ns

+Bmax=1/(5*Gama*1e-9);//bitrate in Hz

+mprintf("Total dispersion is= %.2f ns",delta_ttotal)

+mprintf("\n Width of the received pulse is= %.2f ns",Gama);

+mprintf("\n Approximate Bit rate is=%.2f MHz",Bmax/1e6);//division by 1e6 to convert unit into MHz from Hz

diff --git a/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.jpg b/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..846a79597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd48bb46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 4.1

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+h=6.62*10^-34;//Plank's constant in SI units

+c=3*10^8;//speed of the light in m/s

+e=1.9*10^-19;//electric charge in columb

+I=50*10^-3;//drive current in A

+lamda=0.85*10^-6;//peak emission wavelength in m

+taur=50*10^-9;//radiative carrier life time in s

+taunr=100*10^-9;//nonradiative carrier life time in s

+Tp=(taur*taunr)/(taur+taunr);///total carrier life time in s

+etaint=Tp/taur;//equation of internal efficiency

+c1=(I*h*c)/(e*lamda);//constant value

+Pint=(etaint)*c1;//internal optical power generated in W

+mprintf("\n Total carrier life time is =%.2fns ",Tp*1e9);//multiplication by 1e9 for conversion of unit from s to ns

+mprintf("\n Optical power generated internally is= %.2f mW ",Pint*1e3);//multiplication by 1e3 for conversion of unit from W to mW//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.jpg b/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1ccdd18d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e86755675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 4.2

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+NA=0.18;//numerical aperture

+RD=30;//radiance of the source in W/Sr/cm^2

+d=50*10^-4;//core diameter in cm

+R=0.01;//Fresnel reflection coefficient

+a=d/2;//radius of the core in cm

+A=%pi*((a)^2);//emission area of the source in cm^2

+Pc=%pi*(1-R)*A*RD*((NA)^2);//optical power coupled to the fiber in W

+mprintf("\n Optical power coupled to the fiber is =%.0f uW",Pc*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 for conversion of unit from W to uW//the answer given in textbook is wrong

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36c48b52f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d808eae32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.1

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Tc=727;//temperature in celcius

+lamda=0.5*10^-6;//wavength of emitting radiation in M

+h=6.626*10^-34;//Plank's constant in SI units

+KB=1.38*10^-23;//boltzman constant in SI units

+c=3*10^8;//speed of light in m/s

+f=c/lamda;//frequency in Hz

+T=Tc+273;//temperature in kelvin

+c1=(h*f)/(KB*T);//constant value

+B21byA21Pf=1/(exp(c1)-1);//ratio of stimulated and spontaneous emission rate

+mprintf("\n Ratio between stimulated and spontaneous emission is =%.1fx10^-13",B21byA21Pf*1e13); //multiplication by 1e13 to convert the ratio to 10^-13

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5621edd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dd24e9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.2

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+n=3.8;//refractive index

+L=200*10^-4;//length in cm

+W=100*10^-4;//width in cm

+Beta=20*10^-3;//gain factor in A/cm^3

+alpha=10;//loss coefficient per cm

+R1=((n-1)/(n+1))^2;//reflectivity

+c1=((alpha+((1/L)*(log(1/R1)))))//constant value

+Jth=(1/Beta)*c1;//threshold current density in A/cm^2

+mprintf("\n Threshold current density is= %.2f x10^3 A/cm^2",Jth*1e-3);//multiplication by 1e-3 to convert the ratio to 10^-3

+Ith=Jth*L*W;//threshold current in A

+mprintf("\n Threshold current is =%.2f mA",Ith*1e3);//the answer vary due to rouding

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db85d1cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e871b82a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.3

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Br=7.21*10^-10;//injected electron density

+Pn=10^18;//majority carrier hole density in/cm^3

+Gamar=1/(Br*Pn);//minority carrier life time

+mprintf("\n Minority carrier life time is =%.2f ns ",Gamar*1e9);// the answer vary due to roundingoff

+//multiplication by 1e9 to convert the unit to nm

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f72dafd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..679f6485a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.5

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+lamda=0.85*1e-6;//wavelength of GaAs in m

+n1=3.6;//refractive index

+L=200e-6//length of the cavity in m

+K=L*(2*n1)/lamda;//number of modes

+mprintf("\n Number of modes=%.0f ",K);//the answer vary due to rounding//multiplication by 1e6 to convert the unit to um

+u=2*n1*L;//partial product

+v=(lamda)^2;//partial product

+dellamda=v/u;//separation wavelength between the two mode in m

+mprintf("\nThe separation wavelength between the two mode=%.2f nm",dellamda*1e9);//multiplication by 1e9 to convert the unit to nm// the answer given in textbook is wrong the unit is nm but the textbook gives it as um

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abaaeddbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61bd16e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.5.A/Ex5_5_A.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.5(A)

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+etaT=0.20//total efficiency

+Eg=1.43//bandgap energy in eV

+V=2.5//applied voltage in V

+etae=etaT*Eg*100/V//external power efficiency

+mprintf("\n External power efficiency =%.2f percent ",etae);

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd82085a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc201eb1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.5

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+etaT=0.18//total efficiency

+Eg=1.43//bandgap energy in eV

+V=2.5//applied voltage in V

+etae=etaT*Eg*100/V//external power efficiency

+mprintf("\n External power efficiency =%.0f percent ",etae);

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0eb1c285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..023e2df79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.6

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+T1=273+20;//first temperature for an AlGaAs injection laser diode in kelvin

+T2=273+80;//second temperature for an AlGaAs injection laser diode in kelvin

+T01=160;//first thershold temperature in kelvin

+T02=55;//second thershold temperature in kelvin;

+

+//case 1:

+Jth120C=exp(T1/T01);

+Jth180C=exp(T2/T01);

+Jth1=Jth180C/Jth120C;

+mprintf("\n The ratio of threshold current densities for AlGaAs=%.2f",Jth1);//the answer vary due to rounding

+

+//case 2:

+Jth220C=exp(T1/T02);

+Jth280C=exp(T2/T02);

+Jth2=Jth280C/Jth220C;

+mprintf("\n The ratio threshold current densities for InGaAs=%.2f",Jth2);

diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.jpg b/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c224f45c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f21c2d09c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 5.7

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+lamda=0.85*1e-6;//wavelength of GaAs in m

+n1=3.6;//refractive index

+K=1700//number of modes

+L=K*lamda/(2*n1);//length of the cavity in m

+mprintf("\n Length of cavity in the laser=%.0f um",L*1e6);//the answer vary due to rounding//multiplication by 1e6 to convert the unit to um

+u=2*n1*L;//partial product

+v=(lamda)^2;//partial product

+dellamda=v/u;//separation wavelength between the two mode in m

+mprintf("\nThe separation wavelength between the two mode=%.2f nm",dellamda*1e9);//multiplication by 1e9 to convert the unit to nm// the answer given in textbook is wrong the unit is nm but the textbook gives it as um

+

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2da67a647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2793b9b5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 6.1

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+eta=0.70;//quantum efficiency 

+E=2.2*10^-19;//energy of the photons in Joule

+Ip=2*10^-6;//photocurrent in A //the value in question is different from that used in solution in question it is mA and in solution it is uA

+h=6.62*10^-34;//Planck's constant in SI units

+c=3*10^8;//speed of the light in m/s

+e=1.9*10^-19;//electric charge in coulomb

+lamda=(h*c)/E;//operating wavelength of the photodiode in m

+f=c/lamda;//frequency in Hz

+R=(eta*e)/(h*f);//Responsivity in A/W

+Po=Ip/R;//incident power in W

+mprintf("\n Operating wavelength of the photodiode is= %.2f um",lamda*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 for conversion of unit from m to um

+mprintf("\n Incident power is =%.2f uW",Po*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 for conversion of unit from W to uW

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ef918f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c4e1e919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.10

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+E=1.15*(1.6e-19);//band gap energy in V

+h=6.62e-34;//plank's constant in S.I units

+c=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+

+

+lamda_c=(h*c)/(E);//critical wavelength in meter

+mprintf("The critical wavelength is=%.2f um",lamda_c*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 to convert unit from m to um

+//the answer vary due to roundingoff 

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aabaa0734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f6afe5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 6.11

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Pin=900*10^-3;// Input Power in W

+Voc=600*10^-3;// Open circuit voltage in V

+Isc=240*10^-3;//Short circuit current in A

+FF=0.75;//Fill factor

+Pmax=(Voc*Isc*FF);// Maximum Power in W

+eta=(Pmax/Pin);// Conversion Efficiency 

+mprintf("\n Conversion Efficiency is =%.2f Percent",eta*100);//multiplication by 100 to convert into percentage

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4155a21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2adb6c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 6.12

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Area_Cell=4;// Area of each cell in cm^2

+eta=0.12;// Conversion Efficiency

+V=0.5;// Voltage generated in V

+Pt=12;// Total output Power in W

+IR=100*10^-3;// Solar Constant or Input Radiation in mW/cm^2

+Active_area_Panel=(Pt/(IR*eta));// Active area of the Panel in cm^2

+Number_Cells=(Active_area_Panel/Area_Cell);// Number of cells

+I=(eta*IR*Area_Cell/V);// Current capacity in A

+mprintf("\n Number of Cells are =%.2f",Number_Cells);

+mprintf("\n Active area of the Panel is= %.2fcm^2",Active_area_Panel);

+mprintf("\n Current capacity of each cell is =%.2fmA",I*1e3);//Multiplication by 1e3 to convert unit to mA from A

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..673f826ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e6d980e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 6.2

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+rp=3*10^11;//number of incident photon

+re=1.5*10^11;//number of hole-pairs generated

+lamda=0.85*10^-6;//wavength in m

+h=6.62*10^-34;//Plank's constant in SI Unit

+c=3*10^8;//speed of the light in m/s

+e=1.9*10^-19;//electric charge in Coulomb

+eta=re/rp;//quantum efficiency

+c1=(e*lamda)/(h*c);//constant value

+R=eta*c1;//responsivity of the photodiode inA/W

+mprintf("\n Quantum efficiency is= %.2f",eta);

+mprintf("\n Responsivity of the photodiode is= %.2f A/W",R);

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01ceca0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06a651eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 6.3

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+eta=0.65;//quantum efficiency

+E=1.5*10^-19;//energy of the photons in V

+Ip=3*10^-6;//diode current in A

+h=6.62*10^-34;//Plank's constant in SI unit

+c=3*10^8;//speed of the light in m/s

+e=1.9*10^-19;//electric charge in coulomb

+lamda=(h*c)/E;//wavelengthof the operating diode in m

+f=c/lamda;//frequency in Hz

+R=(eta*e)/(h*f);//responsivity in A/W

+Po=Ip/R;//incident optical power in W

+mprintf("\n Operating wavelength is =%.2f um",lamda*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 for conversion of unit from m to um

+mprintf("\n Incident optical power is =%.2f uW ",Po*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 for conversion of unit from W to uW//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da53df490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a9030df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.4

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Eg1=1.43;//Band Gap Energy of photodetector in eV

+Eg2=[(1.43*1.6*10^-19)];//Band Gap Energy in joule

+

+lamdac=[(6.62*10^-34*3*10^8)/Eg2];//Cut-Off wave length in micrometer

+mprintf("\n cut-off wave length is=%.2fum",lamdac*10^6);//multiplication by 10^6 to convert unit into um//the error is due to roundingoff

+

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67d49d775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c955a07fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.5

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+//case (1):

+n1=3.5;//refractive index of layer 1

+alpha=1e5;//it is in m^-1

+d=3e-6//depth of planar layer in m 

+W=1e-6//width of depletion layer in m

+//case (2):

+alpha2=1e6;//it is in 1/m

+

+Rf=[(n1-1)/(n1+1)]^2;//reflection coefficient

+//case (1):

+PW1byP1=exp(-alpha*(d))*[1-exp(-alpha*W)]*(1-Rf);//fraction of incident power absorbed

+//case (2):

+PW2byP1=[exp(-alpha2*(d))]*[1-exp(-alpha2*W)]*(1-Rf);//fraction of incident power absorbed

+mprintf("Fraction of energy absorbed for case 1 is=%0.2f percentage",PW1byP1*100);

+mprintf("\nFraction of energy absorbed for case 2 is=%0.2f percentage",PW2byP1*100);

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c22455dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e177e18bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.6

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+lamda=0.8e-6;//wave length of radiation in micrometer

+P=0.60e-6;//optical power in microwatts 

+ita=0.7;//quantum efficiency of a silicon RAPD is 70%

+I=10e-6;//Output of device after avalanche gain in microampere

+e=1.6e-19;//

+h=6.62e-34;//plank's constant in S.I units

+c=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+

+R=[(ita*e*lamda)]/[h*c];//Responsivity in A/W

+Ip=P*R;//diode current in microampere

+M=I/Ip;//multiplication factor

+mprintf("\n Responsivity is=%.2f A/W",R);

+mprintf("\n Diode current is=%.2f uA",Ip*1e6);//multiplication by 1e6 to convert the unit from ampers to uA

+mprintf("\n Multiplication factor is=%.2f",M);

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c04a50ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4ab4b79a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.7

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+A=(100)*(50);//area in u-meter^2

+Id=10e-9;//Measured dark current in nanoampere

+eta=0.6;//Quantum efficiency is 60%

+lamda=1.2e-6;//operating wave length in micrometer

+e=1.6e-19;//charge of an electron in columb

+h=6.62e-34;//plank's constant in S.I units

+c=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+

+NEP=[h*c*sqrt(2*e*Id)]/(eta*e*lamda);//noise equivalent power in watts

+D=sqrt(A*10^-12)/(NEP);//Specific directivity of the device

+mprintf("\n Noise equivalent power is=%.2f *10^-14 W",NEP*10^14);//multiplication by10^-14 to change the unit 10^-14 W

+mprintf("\n Specific directivity is=%2.f *10^8m Hz^(1/2)/W",D/10^8)//multiplication by10^8 to change the unit 10^8 m Hz^(1/2)/W

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c65bc627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..832393bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.8

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Ic=16e-3;//collector current in mA

+P=130e-6;//incident power in microwatts

+lamda=1.25e-6;//wavelength in micrometer

+h=6.62e-34;//plank's constant in S.I units

+c=3e8;//velocity of light in m/s

+

+//case 1:

+u=h*c*Ic;

+v=lamda*P*1.6e-19;

+Go=u/v;//optical gain of the photo transistor

+//case 2:

+hFE=Go/0.45;//common emitter current gain

+mprintf("\n optical gain of phototransistor Go is=%.2f",Go);

+mprintf("\n common emitter current gain hFE is=%.2f",hFE);

+//Answers are different due to roundingoff error

diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.jpg b/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1b82f08e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60908d7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.9

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+tf=8e-12;//electron transit time in second

+G=60//photoconductive gain of the device

+

+Bm=1/(2*%pi*tf*G);//the maximum 3dB bandwidth in Hz

+mprintf("The 3dB bandwidth is=%.2f MHz",Bm/1e6);//division by 1e6 to covert unit from Hz to MHz

+//The answer in textbook is wrong

diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.jpg b/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3383bb57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e2552ac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 7.1

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+theta=30;//value of angle of deliverence in degrees

+b=cosd(theta);// cosine value of the theta

+a=log10(b);//constant

+c=log10(1/2);//constant

+n=c/a;//  refractive index

+mprintf("The value of refractive index is= %.2f",n);//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.jpg b/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e05bb1c4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24cc9f87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 7.2

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+theta=10;// value of theta in degrees

+phi=0;// value of phi in degrees

+a=log10(1/2);// value of constant

+c=log10(cosd(theta));// constant

+L=a/c;// lateral power distribution

+mprintf(" The Lateral Power Distribution is= %.2f",L);//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.jpg b/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa41493a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a93ff6ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Communication by C.R. Sarkar and D.C. Sarkar

+//Example 7.3

+//OS = Windows 7

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Df=80*10^-6;// diameter of the fiber in m

+Ds=45*10^-6;// diameter of the source in m

+NA=0.15;// numerical aperture of the fiber

+Mmax=(Df/Ds);// maximum magnification

+eta_d=((NA)^2)*100;// coupling efficiency considering direct coupling

+eta_l=((Mmax)*(NA^2))*100;// coupling efficiency considering lens coupling

+mprintf("\nThe Maximum Magnification factor is= %.2f",Mmax);

+mprintf("\nThe coupling efficiency considering direct coupling is= %.2fpercent",eta_d);

+mprintf("\nThe coupling efficiency considering lens coupling is= %.3fpercent",eta_l);//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.jpg b/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..180cb5ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8649b4b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 8.1

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+eta=0.50;//quantum efficiency of optical fibre

+e=1.6e-19;//energy of electron in 1 joules

+Po=250e-9;//incident optical power in watts

+B=8e6;//bandwidth of receiver in Hz

+lamda=0.85e-6;//wavelenth in meter

+Id=4e-9;//dark current in ampere

+t=300;//temperature in kelvin

+c=3e8;// velocity in m/s

+K=1.38e-23;//bolt'zman constant in S.I units

+h=6.62e-34//planck's constant in S.I.Units

+//case 1:

+u=[eta*e*Po*lamda];

+v=[h]*[c];

+Ip=u/v;//photo current in diode in nA

+mprintf("\n Photo current in diode is=%.2f nA",Ip*1e9);

+

+//case 2:

+i1=2*e*B*(Ip+Id);

+ish=sqrt(i1);//total shot noise generated in photo diode

+mprintf("\n Total shot noise generated in photo diode is=%.2f nA",ish*1e9);

+

+//case 3:

+x=4*K*t*B;

+R=6e3;//load resistance in ohms

+i3=x/R;

+ith=sqrt(i3);//total thermal noise generated in load resistance

+mprintf("\n The total thermal noise generated in load resistance is=%.2f nA",ith*1e9);

+ //multiplication by 1e9 to convert the unit from A to nA

+ 

diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.jpg b/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6f50aef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52dbc2fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 8.2

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Cd=5e-12;//capacitance in Farad

+B=10e6;//Bandwidth in Hz

+

+u=2*3.14*B*Cd;

+RL=1/u;//Load resistance in ohms

+mprintf("\n The load resistance is=%.2f *10^3ohms",RL/10^3);//multiplication factor to change unit from ohms to 10^3 ohms

+v=2*3.14*RL*(10e-12);

+B1=1/v;//bandwidth when the system is connected to load resistance

+mprintf("\n Bandwidth when system is connected to load resistance is=%.2f MHz",B1/1e6);

+//multiplcation factor to change unit to MHz from Hz

diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.jpg b/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4d90acd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..918305d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 8.3

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+Cd=6e-12;//capacitance in farad

+Id=0;//dark current in photodiode

+B=40e6;//bandwidth in Hz

+I=2e-7;//photo current before gain in Ampere

+T=300;//temperature in kelvin

+Fn=1;

+KB=1.38*1e-23//boltzman constant in SI units

+e=1.6*10^-19//charge of an electron in columb

+//case 1:

+u=2*3.14*Cd*B;

+RL=1/u;//load resistance in ohms

+mprintf("\n Load resistance is=%.2f ohms",RL);

+

+//case 2:

+i2sh=2*(e)*B*I;// shot noise in A^2

+v=4*(KB)*T*B;

+i2th=v/RL;//thermal noise in A^2

+//if i2>i1 then

+S=I^2;

+N=i2th;

+z=S/N;

+mprintf("\n Signal to noise ratio is=%.2f",z);

+//when M=Mopt and x=0.3

+x=0.3;//lies between 0.3 to 0.5 for silicon and 0.7 to 1 for Ge

+a=4*(KB)*T;

+b=(e)*x*RL*I;

+M1=a/b;

+Mopt=M1^(1/2.3)

+S1=[(Mopt)*I]^2;//signal strength in W

+N1=[2*(e)*B*I*((Mopt)^2.3)]+[(4*(KB)*T*B)/(RL)];//noise power in W

+SbyN=S1/N1;//signal to noise ratio

+mprintf("\n Signal to noise ratio is=%.2f",SbyN);

+//the answer in book is wrong

diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.jpg b/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..605daabdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a74180e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.4

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+R=5e6;//effective resistance in ohms

+CT=5e-12;//capacitance in Farads

+T=300;//temperature in kelvin

+Rf=1e5;//resistance in ohms

+A=400;//open loop gain

+KB=1.38e-23//boltzman constant in S.I. unit

+//case 1:

+Rtl=[(R)*(R)]/[(R)+(R)];//total effective load resistance

+u=2*3.14*Rtl*CT;

+B=1/u;//maximum bandwidth in Hz

+mprintf("The maximum bandwidt obtained equalization is=%.2f *10^4Hz",B/1e4);//multiplication factor to change unit

+

+//case 2:

+v=4*(KB)*T;

+i2th=v/Rtl;//thermal energy noise current per bandwidth in A^2/Hz

+mprintf("\nThermal energy noise current per bandwidth is=%.2f *10^-27 A^2/Hz",i2th*1e27);

+

+//case 3:

+x=2*%pi*Rf*CT;

+B=A/x;//maximum bandwidth without equalization for transimpedance

+mprintf("\nMaximum bandwidth without equalization for transimpedance is=%.2f*10^8Hz",B/1e8);

+//Assuming Rf<<Rtl then the thermal energy noise current per bandwidth is given by

+i2th=v/Rf;

+mprintf("\nFor Rf<<Rtl the thermal energy noise current per bandwidth is=%.2f *10^-25 A^2Hz",i2th*1e25);

+// the answer in book is wrong

diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.jpg b/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7f4618a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.sce b/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69cc6c6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 6.4

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+BER=1e-6;// a bit error

+T=400;//temperature in kelvin

+Rl=50;//load resistance in ohms

+R=0.4//responsivity in A/W

+K=1.38*1e-23//boltzman constant in SI units

+B=1e7//bandwidth in Hz

+u=4*(K)*T*B;

+is=9.56*sqrt(u/Rl);//current in Ampere

+Pmin=is/R;//minimum power required to maintain a bit error

+mprintf("The minimum power required to maintain a bit error=%.3f uW",Pmin*1e6);

+//The answer vary due to rounding

+// the question no. in book is wrong there is repeat of 8.4

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76bf3cb2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae12fa6a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 91

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+L1=2;//length of fiber in m

+L2=0.002;//length of fiber cutback in Km for testing

+VF=2.1;//output voltage of photodetector in volts at lambda = 0.85um

+lamda=0.85e-6//wavelength in m

+VN=10.5;//output voltage for 2m cutback fiber length at wavelength 0.85um in volts

+

+a=10/(L1-L2);

+b=log10(VN/VF);

+alphadB=a*b;//attenuation per Kilometer in dB/km at wavelength 0.85um

+mprintf("The attenuation per Kilometer at wavelength 0.85um is=%.2f dB/Km",alphadB);

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75d8d398f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a0691b88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.2

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+L1=1.5;//length of optical fiber in Km

+L2=0.002;//length of fiber cutback in Km

+Pn=50.1;//output power in microwatts for the full link length

+Pf=385.4;//output power in microwatts for fiber cutback

+

+a=10/(L1-L2);

+b=log10(Pf/Pn);

+alphadB=a*b;//attenuation per Kilometer in dB/km at wavelength 1.1um

+mprintf("The attenuation per Kilometer at wavelength 1.1um is=%.2f dB/Km",alphadB);

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59a80b0b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f1fd7521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.3

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+L=1.2//link length in Km

+Gama_o=12.7;//optical output pulse of 3dB width in nanoseconds

+Gama_i=0.4;//optical input pulse of 3dB width in nanosseconds

+

+q=(Gama_o)^2;

+w=(Gama_i)^2;

+e=q-w;

+u=sqrt(e);

+v=1.2;

+Gama_3dB=u/v;//3dB pulse dispersion for the fibre in ns/Km

+mprintf("\n The 3dB pulse dispersion for the fibre is=%.2f ns/Km",Gama_3dB);

+Bopt=0.44/(Gama_3dB*1e-9);//fibre bandwidth length productmultiplication by 1e-9 as gama is in nsKm

+mprintf("\n The fibre bandwidth length product is=%.2f MHzKm",Bopt/1e6); //multiplication by 1e6 to convert unit from Hz to MHz

+//the answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a2ba90c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b15f36903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.4

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+alpham=26.1;//angular limit of far field pattern in degrees

+NA=sind(alpham);//numerical aperture 

+L=16.7;//length of picture in cm

+

+AB=(L/2)/[tand(alpham)];//distance from the screen in cm

+mprintf("The numerical appertur is=%.2f ",NA);

+mprintf("\nThe distance from the screen is=%.2f cm",AB);

+//th answer vary due to rounding

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95a73ef83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44dca193c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.5

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+A=6.0;//measured output pattern size in cm

+D=10.0;//distance between the screen and fibre face in cm

+

+q=(A)^2;

+w=4*D^2;

+u=sqrt(q+w);

+NA=A/u;//numerical aperture

+mprintf("The numerical aperture is=%.2f",NA);

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..626bb1336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acb6feacc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.6/Ex9_4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.6

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+dphibydt=4;//angula velocity of roatng mirror in rad/sec

+L=0.1;//distance between mirror and the detector in meter

+We=250;//shadow pulse width in micrometer;

+

+dsbydt=L*dphibydt;

+d0=We*[dsbydt];//outer diameter of the fiber in micrometer

+mprintf("The outer diameter of the fiber is=%.2f um",d0);

diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.jpg b/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eef31aaa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.jpg
diff --git a/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.sce b/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e6359ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3822/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+//OptoElectronics and Fibre Optics Communication, by C.K Sarkar and B.C Sarkar

+//Example 9.7

+//OS=Windows 10

+////Scilab version Scilab 6.0.0-beta-2(64 bit)

+clc;

+clear;

+

+//given

+P1=100;//power at the input in microwatts

+P2=83.2;//power at the output in microwatts

+P3=35.5;//power at the ouput after connector in microwatts

+L=1.8;//length of the added fibre in Km

+alpha=1.5;//fiber attenuation in dB/L;

+

+//case 1:

+Ls=-10*log10(P2/P1);//insertion loss of connector in dB

+mprintf("\n The insertion loss of connector is=%.2f dB",Ls);

+

+//case 2:

+deltaLs=-10*log10(P3/P1)-Ls-alpha*L;//excess loss of the connector

+mprintf("\n The excess loss of connector is=%.2f dB",deltaLs);