initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.jpg
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.1

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given 

+P=1e-3;//power of laser beam in W

+A=3e-6;//cross-sectional area of laser beam in m^2

+I=P/A;//power per unit area of laser beam in W/m^2

+n=1;//refractive index of air medium

+c=3e8;//speed of light in air medium in m/s

+meu0=4*(%pi)*1e-7;//permeability of free space in SI units

+E0=sqrt(2*c*meu0*I/n)//Corresponding electric field in V/m

+mprintf("Electric field=%.1f V/m",E0);//The answers vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.jpg
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.2

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given 

+P=10;//power of bulb in W

+A=4*%pi*1e2;//cross-sectional area covered by bulb in m^2

+I=P/A;//power per unit area of bulb in W/m^2

+n=1;//refractive index of air medium

+c=3e8;//speed of light in air medium in m/s

+meu0=4*(%pi)*1e-7;//permeability of free space in SI units

+E0=sqrt(2*c*meu0*I/n)//Corresponding electric field in V/m

+mprintf("Electric field=%.1f V/m",E0);//Final answer

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.jpg
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.3

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given 

+P=1e-3;//power of laser beam in W

+A=%pi*(6e-6)^2;//cross-sectional area of spot of laser beam in m^2

+I=P/A;//power per unit area of laser beam in W/m^2

+n=1;//refractive index of air medium

+c=3e8;//speed of light in air medium in m/s

+meu0=4*(%pi)*1e-7;//permeability of free space in SI units

+E0=sqrt(2*c*meu0*I/n)//Corresponding electric field in V/m

+mprintf("Electric field=%.1e V/m",E0);//The answers vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.jpg
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index 000000000..282cd8905
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
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index 000000000..7635c0ab8
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.4

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given Case(1)

+n1=1;//refractive index of air

+n2=1.45;//refractive index of silica

+R=[(n1-n2)/(n1+n2)]^2;//corresponding energy reflection coefficient

+mprintf("Energy reflection coefficient for air-silica interface=%.2f",R);

+//given Case(2)

+n1=1;//refractive index of air

+n2=3.6;//refractive index of GaAs

+R=[(n1-n2)/(n1+n2)]^2;//corresponding energy reflection coefficient

+mprintf("\n Energy reflection coefficient for GaAs-air interface=%.2f",R);

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.jpg
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.5

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+n1=1.45;//refractive index of silica

+n2=1;//refractive index of air

+thetac=asin(n2/n1);//critical angle for the air-silica interface in radians

+mprintf("Critical angle for air-silica interface=%.1f degrees",thetac*180/%pi);//multiplying by 180/pi to convert radians to degrees

+

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.jpg
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index 000000000..46a60a0fd
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.6

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+n1=1.46;//refractive index of doped silica

+n2=1.45;//refractive index of pure silica

+thetac=asin(n2/n1);//critical angle for interface between doped silica and pure silica in radians

+mprintf("Critical angle for interface between doped silica and pure silica=%.1f degrees",thetac*180/%pi);//multiplying by 180/pi to convert radians to degrees

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.jpg
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index 000000000..25c7d52d2
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
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index 000000000..8fd1649b4
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.7

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given Case(1)

+lambda=850e-9;//wavelength of LED in m

+deltalambda=30e-9;//spacing between wavelengths in m

+lc=(lambda)^2/deltalambda;//Corresponding coherence length

+mprintf("Coherence length of LED=%.1f um",lc/1e-6);//Dividing by 10^(-6) to convert in micrometers

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+//given Case(2)

+lambda=850e-9;//wavelength of laser diode in m

+deltalambda=2e-9;//spacing between wavelengths in m

+lc=(lambda)^2/deltalambda;//Corresponding coherence length

+mprintf("\n Coherence length of laser diode=%.2f mm",lc/1e-3);//Dividing by 10^(-3) to convert in millimeters

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.jpg
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index 000000000..07f0c9f33
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diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
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index 000000000..92bf2906a
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.8

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+deltanu=1.5e9;//change in frequency of He-Ne laser in Hz

+c=3e8;//speed of light in m/s

+lc=c/deltanu;//Corresponding coherence length

+mprintf("Coherence length of He-Ne laser=%.1f cm",lc/1e-2);//Dividing by 10^(-2) to convert in cm

diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.jpg b/3638/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.jpg
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index 000000000..b0519bb57
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+++ b/3638/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.jpg
diff --git a/3638/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/3638/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
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index 000000000..92b447ef5
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+//Introduction to Fiber Optics by A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Cambridge, New Delhi, 1999

+//Example 2.9

+//OS=Windows XP sp3

+//Scilab version 5.5.2

+clc;

+clear;

+//given

+lambda0=1300e-9;//wavelength of single-mode fiber in m

+omega0=5e-6;//spot size of beam in m

+theta=atan(lambda0/(%pi*omega0));//Corresponding divergence in radians

+mprintf("Divergence of beam=%.2f degrees",theta*180/%pi);//multiplying by 180/pi to convert radians to degrees