initial commit / add all books

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diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.png
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diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.1/EX8_1.sce
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+// Example 8.1

+// Determine (a) Developed torque (b) Armature current (c) Excitation voltage

+// (d) Power angle (e) Maximum torque 

+// Page No. 317

+

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+

+// Given data

+f=60;                       // Operating frequency

+P=4;                        // Number of poles

+Pmech=100;                  // Mechanical power

+eta=0.96;                   // Efficiency

+FP=0.80;                    // Power factor leading

+V=460;                      // Motor voltage

+Xs_Mag=2.72;                // Synchronous reactnace magnitude

+Xs_Ang=90;                  // Synchronous reactnace magnitude

+deltaPull=-90;               // Pullout power angle

+// (a) Developed torque

+ns=120*f/P;                 // Synchronous speed

+Td=5252*Pmech/(ns*eta); 

+

+

+// (b) Armature current

+S=Pmech*746/(eta*FP);

+Theta=-acosd(FP);          // Power factor angle (negative as FP is leading)

+V1phi=V/sqrt(3);           // Single line voltage

+S1phi_Mag=S/3;             // Magnitude 

+S1phi_Ang=Theta;           // Angle

+VT_Mag=V1phi;

+VT_Ang=0;

+Ia_Mag=S1phi_Mag/VT_Mag;   // Armature current magnitude

+Ia_Ang=S1phi_Ang-VT_Ang;   // Armature current angle

+Ia_Ang=-Ia_Ang;            // Complex conjugate of Ia

+

+// (c) Excitation voltage

+Var1_Mag=Ia_Mag*Xs_Mag;

+Var1_Ang=Ia_Ang+Xs_Ang;

+

+/////////

+N01=VT_Mag+%i*VT_Ang;

+N02=Var1_Mag+%i*Var1_Ang;

+// Polar to Complex form

+

+N01_R=VT_Mag*cos(-VT_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number 1

+N01_I=VT_Mag*sin(VT_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number 1

+

+N02_R=Var1_Mag*cos(-Var1_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number 2

+N02_I=Var1_Mag*sin(Var1_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number 2

+

+FinalNo_R=N01_R-N02_R;

+FinalNo_I=N01_I-N02_I;

+FinNum=FinalNo_R+%i*FinalNo_I;

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+FN_M=sqrt(real(FinNum)^2+imag(FinNum)^2); // Magnitude part

+FN_A = atan(imag(FinNum),real(FinNum))*180/%pi;// Angle part


+//////

+Ef_Mag=FN_M;

+Ef_Ang=FN_A;

+// (d) Power angle

+delta=Ef_Ang;

+

+// (e) Maximum torque 

+Pin=3*(-VT_Mag*Ef_Mag/Xs_Mag)*sind(deltaPull);   // Active power input

+Tpull=5252*Pin/(746*ns);

+

+

+

+// Display result on command window

+printf("\n Developed torque = %0.0f lb-ft ",Td);

+printf("\n Armature current magnitude= %0.2f A ",Ia_Mag);

+printf("\n Armature current angle= %0.2f deg ",Ia_Ang);

+printf("\n Excitation voltage magnitude = %0.0f V ",Ef_Mag);

+printf("\n Excitation voltage angle = %0.1f deg ",Ef_Ang);

+printf("\n Power angle = %0.1f deg ",delta);

+printf("\n Maximum torque = %0.0f lb-ft ",Tpull);

+

+

diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..150eb54d0
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+++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.png
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.2/EX8_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78d9c790d
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+// Example 8.2

+// Determine (a) The minimum value of excitation that will maintain 

+// synchronism (b) Repeat (a) using eq.(8.16) (c) Repeat (a) using eq.(8.21)

+// (d) Power angle if the field excitation voltage is increased to 175% of the

+// stability limit determined in (c)

+// Page No. 322

+

+clc;

+clear;

+close;

+

+// Given data

+Pin=40;                     // Input power

+Pin1phase=40/3;             // Single phase power

+Xs=1.27;                    // Synchronous reactnace 

+VT=220/sqrt(3);             // Voltage

+delta=-90;                  // Power angle

+

+f=60;                       // Operating frequency

+P=4;                        // Number of poles

+Pmech=100;                  // Mechanical power

+eta=0.96;                   // Efficiency

+FP=0.80;                    // Power factor leading

+V=460;                      // Motor voltage

+Xs_Mag=2.72;                // Synchronous reactnace magnitude

+Xs_Ang=90;                  // Synchronous reactnace magnitude

+deltaPull=-90;               // Pullout power angle

+

+// (a) The minimum value of excitation that will maintain synchronism

+Ef=98;                      // From the graph (Figure 8.13)

+

+// (b) The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.16)

+Ef816=-Pin*Xs*746/(3*VT*sind(delta));

+

+

+// (c) The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.21)

+Ef821=Xs*Pin1phase*746/(VT);

+

+// (d) Power angle if the field excitation voltage is increased to 175%

+delta2=Ef816*sind(delta)/(1.75*Ef816);

+delta2=asind(delta2);

+

+// Display result on command window

+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation = %0.0f V ",Ef);

+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.16) = %0.0f V ",Ef816);

+printf("\n The minimum value of excitation using eq.(8.21) = %0.0f V ",Ef821);

+printf("\n Power angle = %0.0f deg ",delta2);

diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.png
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index 000000000..45bcea3a8
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diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.3/EX8_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbeb0366a
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+// Example 8.3

+// Determine (a) System active power (b) Power factor of the synchronous motor

+// (c) System power factor (d) Percent change in synchronous field current 

+// required to adjust the system power factor to unity (e) Power angle of the 

+// synchronous motor for the conditions in (d) 

+// Page No. 324

+

+clc; 

+clear;

+close;

+

+// Given data

+

+Php=400;                    // Power in hp

+eta=0.958;                  // Efficiency

+Pheater=50000;              // Resistance heater power 

+Vs=300;                     // Synchronous motor voltage

+eta2=0.96;                  // Synchronous motor efficiency

+Xs=0.667;                   // Synchronous reactnace

+VT=460;                     // 3-Phase supply voltage

+delta=-16.4;                // Power angle

+

+// (a) System active power 

+Pindmot=Php*0.75*746/(eta);   // Motor operating at three quarter rated load

+Psynmot=Vs*0.5*746/(eta2);    // Synchronous motor power  

+Psys=Pindmot+Pheater+Psynmot;

+Psysk=Psys/1000;

+

+// (b) Power factor of the synchronous motor

+Pin=Psynmot;                 // Power input

+Vtph=VT/sqrt(3);             // Voltage per phase

+Ef=-(Pin*Xs)/(3*Vtph*sind(delta));

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+Ef_Mag=Ef;          // Magnitude part 

+Ef_Ang=delta;       // Angle part


+Vtph_Mag=Vtph;      

+Vtph_Ang=0;

+////////////

+N01=Ef_Mag+%i*Ef_Ang;      // Ef in polar form 

+N02=Vtph_Mag+%i*Vtph_Ang;  // Vt in polar for

+

+N01_R=Ef_Mag*cos(-Ef_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Ef

+N01_I=Ef_Mag*sin(Ef_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Ef

+

+N02_R=Vtph_Mag*cos(-Vtph_Ang*%pi/180); // Real part of complex number Vt

+N02_I=Vtph_Mag*sin(Vtph_Ang*%pi/180); //Imaginary part of complex number Vt

+

+FinalNo_R=N01_R-N02_R;

+FinalNo_I=N01_I-N02_I;

+FinNum=FinalNo_R+%i*FinalNo_I;

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+FN_M=sqrt(real(FinNum)^2+imag(FinNum)^2); // Magnitude part

+FN_A = atan(imag(FinNum),real(FinNum))*180/%pi;// Angle part


+

+Ia_Mag=FN_M/Xs;          // Magnitude of Ia

+Ia_Ang=FN_A-(-90);       // Angle of Ia

+Theta=0-Ia_Ang;

+FP=cosd(Theta);          // Power factor

+

+

+// (c) System power factor

+ThetaIndMot=acosd(0.891);    // Induction motor power factor

+Thetaheat=acosd(1);          // Heater power factor

+ThetaSyncMot=-34.06;         // Synchronous motor power factor

+Qindmot=tand(27)*Pindmot; 

+Qsynmot=tand(ThetaSyncMot)*Psynmot;

+Qsys=Qindmot+Qsynmot;

+Ssys=Psys+%i*Qsys;         // System variable in complex form

+

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+Ssys_Mag=sqrt(real(Ssys)^2+imag(Ssys)^2);         // Magnitude part

+Ssys_Ang = atan(imag(Ssys),real(Ssys))*180/%pi;   // Angle part


+

+FPsys=cosd(Ssys_Ang);                             // System power factor 

+

+// (d) Percent change in synchronous field current required to adjust the 

+// system power factor to unity

+

+Ssynmot=Psynmot-(%i*(-Qsynmot+Qsys));   // Synchronous motor system

+

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+Ssynmot_Mag=sqrt(real(Ssynmot)^2+imag(Ssynmot)^2);     // Magnitude part

+Ssynmot_Ang=atan(imag(Ssynmot),real(Ssynmot))*180/%pi; // Angle part


+

+Ssynmot1ph_Mag=Ssynmot_Mag/3;            // For single phase magnitude

+Ssynmot1ph_Ang=Ssynmot_Ang;              // For single phase angle

+

+Iastar_Mag=Ssynmot1ph_Mag/Vtph;          // Current magnitude

+Iastar_Ang=Ssynmot1ph_Ang-0;             // Current angle

+

+IaNew_Mag=Iastar_Mag;

+IaNew_Ang=-Iastar_Ang;

+

+IaXs_Mag=IaNew_Mag*Xs;

+IaXs_Ang=IaNew_Ang-90;

+

+// Convert these number into complex and then perform addition

+// Polar to Complex form

+

+// Y=29.416<-62.3043 //Polar form number

+IaXs_R=IaXs_Mag*cos(-IaXs_Ang*%pi/180);  // Real part of complex number

+IaXs_I=IaXs_Mag*sin(IaXs_Ang*%pi/180);   // Imaginary part of complex number

+Efnew=Vtph+IaXs_R+%i*IaXs_I;

+// Complex to Polar form...

+

+Efnew_Mag=sqrt(real(Efnew)^2+imag(Efnew)^2);     // Magnitude part

+Efnew_Ang=atan(imag(Efnew),real(Efnew))*180/%pi; // Angle part


+

+DeltaEf=(Efnew_Mag-Ef)/Ef; 

+

+// (e) Power angle of the synchronous motor

+deltasynmot=Efnew_Ang;

+

+// Display result on command window

+printf("\n System active power  = %0.1f kW ",Psysk);

+printf("\n Power factor of the synchronous motor = %0.3f leading ",FP);

+printf("\n System power factor = %0.3f lagging ",FPsys);

+printf("\n Percent change in synchronous field current = %0.2f Percent ",DeltaEf*100);

+printf("\n Power angle of the synchronous motor = %0.2f deg ",deltasynmot);

diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..899c0333b
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+++ b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.png
diff --git a/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.sce b/3574/CH8/EX8.4/EX8_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30001d1e5
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+// Example 8.4

+// Determine (a) Developed torque if the field current is adjusted so that the

+// excitation voltage is equal to two times the applied stator voltage, and the

+// power angle is -18 degrees (b) Developed torque in percent of rated torque, 

+// if the load is increased until maximum reluctance torque occurs.

+// Page No. 328

+

+clc; 

+clear;

+close;

+

+// Given data

+Vt1ph=2300/sqrt(3);         // Applied voltage/phase

+Ef1ph=2300/sqrt(3);         // Excitation voltage/phase

+Xd=36.66;                   // Direct axis reactance/phase

+delta=-18;                  // Power angle

+Xq=23.33;                   // Quadrature-axis reactance/phase

+n=900;                      // Speed of motor

+deltanew=-45;

+RatTor=200;                 // Rated torque of motor

+// (a)  Developed torque

+Pmag1ph=-((Vt1ph*2*Ef1ph)/Xd)*sind(delta);  // Power 

+Prel1ph=-Vt1ph^2*( (Xd-Xq) / (2*Xd*Xq)) *sind(2*delta); // Reluctance power

+Psal3ph=3*(Pmag1ph+Prel1ph);  // Salient power of motor

+Psal3phHP=Psal3ph/746;

+T=(5252*Psal3phHP)/n;         // Developed torque

+

+// (b) Developed torque in percent of rated torque

+// The reluctance torque has its maximum value at delta= -45 degrees

+Pmag1phnew=-((Vt1ph*2*Ef1ph)/Xd)*sind(deltanew); // Power

+Prel1phnew=-Vt1ph^2*( (Xd-Xq) / (2*Xd*Xq)) *sind(2*deltanew); // Reluctance power

+Psal3phnew=3*(Pmag1phnew+Prel1phnew);  // Salient power of motor

+Psal3phHPnew=Psal3phnew/746;

+PerRatTorq=Psal3phHPnew*100/RatTor;

+

+// Display result on command window

+printf("\n Developed torque  = %0.0f lb-ft ",T);

+printf("\n Developed torque in percent of rated torque = %0.0f Percent ",PerRatTorq);